[HN Gopher] The only GM EV1 ever publicly sold
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       The only GM EV1 ever publicly sold
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2025-11-19 15:17 UTC (5 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theautopian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theautopian.com)
        
       | robin_reala wrote:
       | _The EV1 was the first mass-produced electric car to be offered
       | to the public_
       | 
       | There were ~30,000 electric cars around at the start of the 20th
       | century, so I'm not sure this holds up.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | ^ modern-day, post-war, computerized
        
         | nocoiner wrote:
         | Wasn't the Model T the first mass-produced automobile? Wouldn't
         | surprise me if the early 20th century electric cars were
         | basically handbuilt by dozens or even hundreds of different
         | manufacturers.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | The Model T is the first assembly line produced automobile.
           | Mass production significantly predates the Model T.
           | Generally, the production of guns in France in 1765 using
           | standardized parts is generally considered the first mass
           | produced item.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Dang. I thought it was the British Navy pulley blocks.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | Which of those 30k was mass produced? The model t was seen as
         | the first mass produced vehicle. I think when it obtained that
         | classification it was producing around 200k annually.
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | EV1 had 1,117 units produced according to Wiki, so I guess
           | any model of those 30k with more than that would count.
           | 
           |  _Edit: apparently Columbia built 1,937 electric cars in 1904
           | alone according
           | tohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_(automobile_brand)._
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | The answer is probably more in the middle in that mass
             | produced places more emphasis on the standardization. I
             | imagine those Columbia cars were not build on an assembly
             | line.
        
         | chiffre01 wrote:
         | Plus according to this the Detroit Electric Sold 13,000 units
         | between 1907 to 1939
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Electric
        
       | potato3732842 wrote:
       | Impound/tow/lien -> title has always been the easy button for
       | getting legit title to a vehicle that was never supposed to be
       | sold (UPS vans, Uhaul trailers, etc), so long as it was never
       | reported stolen.
       | 
       | Absolutely hilarious that he managed to work the "doesn't work it
       | if pops up as stolen" angle in the opposite direction to make the
       | car impossible to really do anything with (i.e. no junkyard can
       | take it whole, no subsequent changes of title can happen) and
       | live in various sorts of limbo for 20yr.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | Could you do anything like that to trick the DMV into letting
         | you register a BYD vehicle in California?
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | No, having a title of ownership is not the same as
           | registering as a street legal vehicle. BYD cars don't meet
           | DOT Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards which is a deal
           | breaker, regardless of which state you're in. Even if you
           | could get it registered, insurance would be impossible.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | Are they actually unsafe or they just haven't gone through
             | the certification?
             | 
             | They're on sale in Europe where the car safety standards
             | are slightly different to the US, but generally considered
             | more rigorous.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | And Chinese cars rate higher on the European safety
               | metrics than Western cars.
               | https://insideevs.com/news/779537/euro-ncap-safety-
               | rating-ch...
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | For whatever reason, the industry term for the
               | certification is "Homologation" (1)
               | 
               | But yes, the vehicles which aren't on sale typically
               | haven't been homologated. Why invest the time and money
               | in that when it's not needed?
               | 
               | Actually deemed unsafe and not meeting the rules is much
               | rarer, e.g. Tesla CyberTruck in Europe. (2)
               | 
               | In either case, you may get away with owning it, but not
               | driving it on public roads.
               | 
               | 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologation https://www
               | .productipedia.com/kb/productipedia/compliance-re...
               | 
               | 2)
               | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/oct/08/tesla-
               | cyb...
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The difference in vehicle regulations between the EU and
               | US are not along a linear scale of rigor. They have
               | different requirements for different things. They are
               | different opinions of what "safe" even means.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | My state lets you register hand built and other oddball
             | vehicles - basically, if you can get it past customs, you
             | can register it. The out of state inspection for a title
             | transfer is to check the VIN.
             | 
             | Insurance would need to be from a specialty provider who do
             | insure oddball vehicles. Someone I know (in CA no less)
             | insured his homemade electric motorcycle this way. (It's
             | titled as the chassis of the BMW regular motorcycle it was
             | built from.)
             | 
             | If you're pulled over, you would need to show things like
             | seat belts or turn signals and so on. I got nailed for not
             | having a shoulder belt in a homemade vehicle made after
             | 1960. Seat belt ticket was my punishment, although the cop
             | remarked that adding a shoulder belt would be a good idea.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | You have to show you built it though. A stock BYD would
               | probably not count, I'm not sure how much change you
               | would need though to get it to count as homemade.
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | I think a chassis is the deciding factor, since you can
               | shove modern components in 50+ year old chassis and build
               | street legal hotrods. You register it as that old chassis
               | model from whatever manufacturer built it.
               | 
               | As I understand BYD use less components than the other
               | traditional car manufacturers (more brains/integration in
               | axle vs having lots of CAN connected shit around the car)
               | so in theory I could see builders installing a BYD
               | drivetrain into an old chassis the same way people can do
               | LS swaps into Miatas.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | A mechanic/storage lien is simply a way to get title without
           | the cooperation of whoever the last guy in the database as
           | having title is. It doesn't solve stupid government rules.
           | 
           | What's legal per the law is a tiny fraction of what you can
           | put on a DMV form and have the form get past the clerk and
           | process properly which itself is a tiny fraction of what the
           | cops will go after.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | This is what we do when buying a property that has ancient
             | junk vehicles on it - sometimes without even a VIN intact.
             | The purpose of a title is so that you can scrap them and
             | get them off your property.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Going through the hassle of getting a title for stuff
               | you'll scrap is, ugh, an ill advised use of time unless
               | your goal is to tell everyone at the cocktail party how
               | law abiding you are or the vehicles are interesting
               | enough for the title to have baseline value or something
               | like that.
               | 
               | Scrapyards will take fractions of cars without asking
               | questions. People who part out cars or deal in scrap
               | metal know this and will take anything off your hands for
               | free as long as the work vs what they're getting pencils
               | out.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Scrapyards are also places the police investigate as
               | money laundering for crime. They will take untitled
               | things, but only if they think it wasn't stolen. Start
               | bringing in too much scrap vehicle parts and they will
               | start demanding paperwork - one or two parts "everyone"
               | has so no not worth it but if it gets to be a bunch they
               | start suspecting crime and then demand paperwork.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Just saw it up so it's not obviously one complete car.
               | Nobody cares as long as their ass is covered. You can get
               | away with more if you're a regular and they know you and
               | know you not to be sketchy.
               | 
               | Even if they know you they'll never take a full car body
               | in one piece without a title or any of the other "open
               | and shut case" violations of law because they don't wanna
               | risk getting Randy Weaver'd because a good customer had
               | government problems and became an "informant".
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | In California? Probably not. In other states? Well there are
           | lots of military vehicles sold as explicitly non-road legal
           | with a requirement of sale being that you can't title them. I
           | see those with license plates and titles for sale in Texas
           | all the time. I just don't happen to have much need for a
           | Humvee or similar vehicle.
        
           | joecool1029 wrote:
           | Yes, and it's been done in the past. Will likely still get
           | caught at some point. I had a friend that owned a Motorex
           | skyline where the importer did the testing but then fudged
           | the papers to say it was something else and federal gov
           | revoked its status but people that had cars imported before
           | that got to keep them.
           | 
           | This article has some info about it and other things:
           | https://www.jalopnik.com/here-s-how-people-illegally-
           | import-...
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Thanks for sharing, that's a wild ride!
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | >This article has some info about it and other things:
             | 
             | Even by sketchers and jorts standards that's still, wow.
             | The way that article is just dripping with post-boot saliva
             | is a great illustration of the gulf between high class
             | "porche or miata + Land<cruiser/rover>" type car
             | enthusiasts and "buys whole cars for parts" type
             | enthusiasts. Hopefully Doug's opinions have, uh, refined,
             | over the last decade. Can't see how they wouldn't have.
        
         | Tangurena2 wrote:
         | Something similar happened to one of the Dominos delivery
         | vehicles (a DXP [0]). The purchaser got sued for trademark
         | violations [1]. In this case, the car was totaled in an
         | accident and the insurance company sold it.
         | 
         | [0] - https://ir.dominos.com/news-releases/news-release-
         | details/do...
         | 
         | [1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN-yLTDkAS4
        
         | bobmcnamara wrote:
         | Some states have rules that enable junkyards to bypass any sort
         | of checks if a vehicle is above a certain age.
         | 
         | Meant to expedite purging jalopies, this, of course, is
         | horribly ripe for abuse by predatory tow companies.
        
       | adenta wrote:
       | Do we all have that one friend who also secretly has an EV1, or
       | is that just me?
        
         | potato3732842 wrote:
         | I bet for every example there's a hundred more that are just
         | not registered and or are registered as something else.
         | 
         | It's like machine guns, you're not paying for the hardware.
         | You're paying to not have the state send a squad of thugs to
         | shoot you for not getting permission. People don't want the
         | permission. They want the hardware. So they just get the
         | hardware and keep it on the down low.
         | 
         | Also, everyone in automotive who isn't an OEM or in the
         | emissions racket (i.e. the two groups benefitting) absolutely
         | hates the government and this is exactly the kind of
         | "interesting" vehicle junkyard people would save for their own
         | personal golf cart use. Usually OEMs are super anal about
         | making sure stuff actually gets crushed but they shat out too
         | many EV1s into the world to do a good job of that like they do
         | for prototypes, test mules and other stuff with low double
         | digit production runs if that.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | >You're paying to not have the state send a squad of thugs to
           | shoot you for not getting permission
           | 
           | Hmm, you could get a swatting 2.0 by taking real video and
           | shoving in some LLm generated scenes of people showing off
           | their machine gun (parts) pretty easy.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | It's just you and without some proof of it in a private garage
         | it's really not even you.
        
       | Theodores wrote:
       | What are the obstacles to making GM EV1 replicas, albeit with
       | modern batteries? The design still has merit and would
       | undoubtedly be long range with the lead acid batteries swapped
       | out for something new.
       | 
       | You can get businesses making replicas in small numbers, for
       | example, I am sure you could get a Lancia Stratos, however, would
       | GM have a big copyright ban on such a venture?
        
         | nubinetwork wrote:
         | I doubt insurance would allow you to register an old Saturn
         | that was converted into an ev1.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | They probably would. If the Saturn is older than 25 years, it
           | can be registered as a classic car. The fact that it's highly
           | modified with new parts doesn't really matter. It's what
           | people in the hot rod scene have been doing forever.
           | 
           | For newer cars, you could probably register it as a self-
           | built (kit car).
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Why not? The only issue is if that Saturn was scrapped - once
           | a car is scrapped there is no legal way to get it titled.
           | (but you can still call it home built with parts from the
           | scrapped car - it just needs a new VIN).
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | The states register vehicles, not insurance companies.
           | 
           | And while a big box insurance company might not insure a
           | heavily modified vehicle, there are niche insurance companies
           | who will. Or you could even self insure in a state that
           | allows it.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I imagine it's not hard to get liability/collision
             | insurance on a modified vehicle, and that's all you really
             | need; most insurance will cover damages you cause on "any
             | vehicle" you drive, so it doesn't usually cost much to add
             | an additional vehicle unless it's particularly risky; that
             | this has a real VIN and a real manufacturer should make it
             | pretty easy. If you really think you need comprehensive
             | insurance, you'd need to get specialty insurance anyway,
             | because normal insurance is going to give you a near zero
             | value on a car like that.
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | You're saying copyright but it's more likely to be a trademark
         | issue.
        
         | humanpotato wrote:
         | Traditionally, lack of demand and the fact that GM was
         | fastidious about keeping them off the road means that they
         | would probably threaten a lawsuit. Electric cars in general
         | have only become popular in the last 5-10 years; the lore of
         | the EV1 has grown accordingly.
         | 
         | Copyright law for art and sculpture requires registration of
         | each design; in searching the copyright records it appears that
         | GM doesn't do this. Really the more appropriate forum would be
         | to get a design patent but those last for only 15 years anyway.
         | 
         | Trademarks must be registered (and also apply to specific
         | categories, though a kit car and production car are in the same
         | category). Surprisngly, "EV1" is owned not by GM, but by Kia
         | (the graphic is different). What this means is you can make the
         | (GM) EV1 logo no problem, and also sell a kit car as something
         | like "inspired by the GM EV1" but if you sell it as an "EV1"
         | then Kia might come knocking.
         | 
         | In short, I don't see much getting in the way of making an EV1
         | kit car as long as you don't advertise it as a literal GM or
         | EV1 car. Though as stated, you can include or sell separately
         | an EV1 badge that buyers can slap on their own property without
         | issue.
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | Why would you want it? Modern Evs I would assume are superior
         | in both safety and design.
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | I suggest seeing how Revology was able to proceed.
         | 
         | (They make reproductions of 1967 and 1968 Mustangs)
         | 
         | https://revologycars.com/
        
       | throw0101c wrote:
       | See perhaps 2006 movie:
       | 
       | > _Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 American documentary
       | film directed by Chris Paine that explores the creation, limited
       | commercialization and subsequent destruction of the battery
       | electric vehicle in the United States, specifically the General
       | Motors EV1 of the mid-1990s. The film explores the roles of
       | automobile manufacturers, the oil industry, the federal
       | government of the United States, the California government,
       | batteries, hydrogen vehicles and consumers in limiting the
       | development and adoption of this technology._
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Killed_the_Electric_Car%3F
       | 
       | And from the same director in 2011:
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Electric_Car
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | The only place for it is back on the road. If I was the owner I
       | would spit into GM's face and put a million miles on the
       | odometer. It should be a private Uber.
        
         | nebula8804 wrote:
         | Drive it and park it in front of the GM's headquarters. Do a
         | cannonball run. These guys are Youtubers so I expect lots of
         | great content. However I fear some of the more exciting ideas
         | may not come to bear because "Influencers"/Press are usually
         | afraid of OEM cutting off access. Hopefully these guys aren't
         | in that group.
        
       | api wrote:
       | The EV1 was way, way ahead of its time, and was more or less
       | outright killed for various reasons including car makers having
       | deep sunk cost in ICE engine tech. The battery tech back then was
       | vastly inferior to today but it was still good enough for a
       | shorter-range economy EV that could have replaced a gas for a lot
       | of daily commuter drives, especially for two-car families.
       | 
       | For reference: the first generation Nissan Leaf had similar range
       | to the EV1. I still have one of these. It's our family's second
       | car, and has run flawlessly for over 10 years with virtually zero
       | maintenance. Range is still about 60 miles per charge.
       | 
       | BTW... despite the antics of Musk, I think he was absolutely
       | instrumental in advancing car electrification. Yes there were
       | others making EVs, but Tesla was the first to make them cool and
       | in so doing force the rest of the industry to move. Without Tesla
       | dragging the industry kicking and screaming into EVs I think we'd
       | still be stuck with almost 100% ICE cars. China might have done
       | it, but that's because they don't have the same sunk cost in ICE
       | engines we have.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Why did you name check Musk and not the actual founders of
         | Tesla, Eberhard and Tarpenning, that took advantage of their
         | experience with lithium batteries and the forward-thinking
         | Californian regulatory regime to found their company there to
         | build an electric sports car?
        
           | leobg wrote:
           | How about "volume production" as a reason?
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Still Californian government providing orders of magnitude
             | more cash for that to happen than Musk ever did.
             | 
             | Is there some technical contribution by Musk I'm unaware
             | of?
        
           | api wrote:
           | Good point, and they're worth name checking too, but the
           | company didn't go anywhere big until Musk took over.
           | 
           | Musk clearly has (or at least had) a great skill when it
           | comes to scaling companies doing hard things. If he had one
           | under his belt, like Tesla, I'd be willing to chalk it up to
           | luck, but he has two: Tesla and SpaceX. Both have been
           | spectacular successes doing things most people run away from
           | screaming with their tail between their legs, namely volume
           | production of innovative cars and aerospace.
           | 
           | IMHO SpaceX is a lot more impressive. There's an old joke:
           | how do you become a millionaire? A: start as a billionaire
           | and found an aerospace company.
           | 
           | I think without him Tesla would have been a boutique car
           | company. They would have made expensive boutique cars for a
           | subset of visionary EV early adopters, but would not have
           | moved the industry. To move the industry you have to grow
           | hard and fast enough to _scare_ legacy car makers into trying
           | to play catch-up, which is what Tesla did. The only other
           | thing I can imagine moving big car makers like this would
           | have been the government mandating an EV transition. Big
           | bureaucratic things only move when kicked.
           | 
           | People hate acknowledging this because Musk's politics have
           | turned so many people off, but unfortunately there appears to
           | be no correlation between skills in one domain and being a
           | generally well adjusted human being. The world doesn't work
           | this way. A person can be good at something and still be a
           | lunatic or an asshole.
           | 
           | I mean... if we dismissed all achievement of people who were
           | assholes or lunatics, we'd basically have to throw out 2/3 of
           | all music.
           | 
           | If anything there might be a slight negative correlation
           | between extreme skill in some domain and being well adjusted,
           | for a variety of reasons including the weird way people treat
           | "savants" in any field. I also suspect a big one is that
           | people with messed up backgrounds (bad childhood, etc.) or
           | psychological issues sometimes "over-compensate" by achieving
           | hyper-skill in some area.
        
             | EliteGadget wrote:
             | I see Musk in the the same way that I see Steve Jobs. Steve
             | Jobs was famous for his "reality distortion field".
             | 
             | I think that Musk/Tesla gave Politicians the idea that
             | everyone can go electric and as a result it ended up being
             | mandated into law. Then manufacturers had to try to make
             | cars which were electric.
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | > A person can be good at something and still be a lunatic
             | or an asshole.
             | 
             | There's a correlation. He's "successful" precisely
             | _because_ he 's a lunatic/asshole.
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | Because the poster was referring to promotion, of which elon
           | was much more successful than the actual founders.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | They didn't found their company to build electric sports
           | cars, they founded their company to design and sell
           | conversion kits, and famously got into a big argument with
           | Musk when he wanted to sell complete cars.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | How much do you think the EV1 cost just to build?
         | 
         | I don't know, but I'd bet it wasn't "cheap second car" low.
        
       | madamelic wrote:
       | I used to walk past one of these every day on my way to and from
       | my dorm.
       | 
       | My school apparently had no idea what it was for years and it
       | just sat outside underneath the EE building and people would draw
       | dicks in the dust on it. When they realized what it was, they
       | immediately yonked it inside and made a student team to refurb
       | it.
       | 
       | It's super cool I got to see such a piece of history and rare car
       | even if I didn't realize it for so long.
       | 
       | Before: https://images.hgmsites.net/med/gm-ev1-electric-car-at-
       | misso...
       | 
       | After: https://i.redd.it/8hqyo6iq7ixa1.jpg
        
         | bobmcnamara wrote:
         | I remember that car!
         | 
         | Slapped a dillo late one night after walking through that
         | tunnel.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | It can happen but you should generally refrain from it.
        
       | rvba wrote:
       | > Except the car wasn't there when the police arrived. "GM knew
       | about this, and they smuggled the car separately from all the
       | other cars out of the state," Sawyer claims.
       | 
       | > Because the car left the State, Sawyer had little recourse.
       | "The cop says, 'Well, the car's out of State, contact the FBI.'
       | And I tried to contact the FBI, but they weren't interested," he
       | tells me.
       | 
       | I dont understand this part of the story. So if somene steals a
       | car and drives it out of state only FBI can search for it and
       | they dont???
       | 
       | Doesnt this mean legalization of crime?
       | 
       | If it works on the car, will it work on other things too, that
       | they just look the other way?
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | If you know where it ended up, you can probably get State
         | resources activated over there too. But if you need law
         | enforcement to investigate an interstate case, you pretty much
         | need the FBI.
         | 
         | The FBI does not investigate all reported crimes, and neither
         | do state and local law enforcement, so yeah... if you do crime
         | that nobody wants to investigate, you can get away with it; at
         | least until those meddling kids show up.
        
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