[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Good resources to learn financial systems en...
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       Ask HN: Good resources to learn financial systems engineering?
        
       I work mainly in energy market communications and systems that
       facilitate energy trading, balancing and such. Currently most
       parties there take minutes to process messages and I think there
       could be a lot to learn from financial systems engineering. Any
       good resources you can recommend?
        
       Author : _1tan
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2025-11-23 16:30 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | I've heard from a friend in the energy trading space that they're
       | a bit behind, but your question is still a bit too broad.
       | 
       | What in the financial space do you want to hear about? Networks,
       | exchanges, settlement?
        
         | _1tan wrote:
         | I am mainly working on B2B message exchange, e.g. via
         | AS4/EDIFACT/ebix/CIM files and most parties seem to still work
         | with a lot of batch processing. With the ongoing digitization
         | of e.g. metering hardware and faster settlement times in the
         | energy markets (EU-centric) I think this might not cut it
         | anymore in the future.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | Find out if they are moving to FIX, FIXFAST, or some sort of
           | ITCH (binary) type feed.
        
       | brudgers wrote:
       | _Currently most parties there take minutes to process messages_
       | 
       | I suspect that the energy market is a bit different from markets
       | where being ruthlessly fast might be a good long term behavior.
       | So there might be good reasons for that way of doing business due
       | to the specific nature of the energy market.
       | 
       | For example a limited number of counter parties might make stable
       | B2B relationships more valuable. Or regulatory compliance might
       | require extra steps. Or the messaging system might be noisy.
       | 
       | Or not. I wonder how executives at the trading companies would
       | describe the delay.
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | One other thing that comes to mind - the players in the
         | financial markets make so much money off that message-
         | processing speed that it opens up a whole lot of options that
         | may not be available to someone without those kinds of deep
         | pockets. We're all still fighting Einstein, but the ability to
         | just throw resources at the problem can surface some solutions
         | that are out of reach when you manufacture something other than
         | money.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | I agree and scale is one of the reasons there's so much money
           | to be made. The NYSE trades over $18 billion a day. A small
           | edge can be exercised many many times.
        
       | antonvs wrote:
       | A lot of settlement in financial markets is still pretty slow.
       | That's a big reason why there was so much fintech interest in
       | blockchain.
       | 
       | You may be thinking of high frequency trading. In that case,
       | traders interact directly with an exchange - e.g. via direct
       | market access[1] - so it's a pre-established two-party
       | interaction. There's no particular technical difficulty with
       | making that fast. Usually, slow transaction times are a
       | consequence of the structure of the market, not a technical issue
       | particularly.
       | 
       | [1] https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-
       | map/s...
        
         | koliber wrote:
         | In the broad picture of engineering, I would consider this to
         | be technically difficult. Many pieces of the puzzle need to
         | interact correctly to remove latency, from physical location,
         | network gear, decision about where software runs, removing
         | unnecessary layers of _everything_ , to algos and data
         | structures, and doing razor-tight tradeoff analysis favoring
         | low-latency at every step along the way. It's also expensive.
         | So it's hard to agree that this is not hard. On the flip side,
         | if you find this easy and want a job, msg me.
        
       | spprashant wrote:
       | Like someone else said your question is kind of broad. But I d
       | recommend reading TigerBeetle's documentation to understand how
       | financial transaction processing may differ from what they call
       | general purpose databases like PostgreSQL.
       | 
       | https://docs.tigerbeetle.com/single-page/#concepts
        
       | ekkeke wrote:
       | I work on low(ish) latency trading systems in FX. FIX is the
       | standard communication protocol and familiarity with it is
       | essential for me. Here you can look up the standard message types
       | and tag values: https://fiximate.fixtrading.org/
       | 
       | They also have docs for the standard message flows you can expect
       | during trading. I use it regularly.
        
       | superzamp wrote:
       | Question is a bit broad, but out of all the concepts under the
       | financial engineering umbrella you're bound to explore the
       | concept of ledgering eventually.
       | 
       | I've written a bit about it on my own co's product blog in an
       | attempt to demystify some core concepts [1], [2], [3].
       | 
       | Still on ledgering and expanding into less mathematical and more
       | applied concepts, I can also recommend a book called "The
       | Accounting Game: basic accounting fresh from the lemonade stand"
       | [4].
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.formance.com/blog/engineering/how-not-to-
       | build-a... [2]: https://www.formance.com/blog/engineering/debits-
       | and-credits... [3]:
       | https://www.formance.com/blog/engineering/ledgering-all-the-...
       | [4]:
       | https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Accounting_Game.htm...
        
       | diab0lic wrote:
       | There might be some gems for you in this old thread:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22573204
       | 
       | Book recommendations for learning financial systems.
        
         | m-hodges wrote:
         | I recently read Central Banking 1011 and learned a lot!
         | 
         | 1 https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56863052
        
       | Onavo wrote:
       | If you just want to get up to speed on the mathematics,
       | Luenberger's Investment Science is a classic.
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Investment-Science-David-G-Luenberger...
        
       | wavemode wrote:
       | > Currently most parties there take minutes to process messages
       | and I think there could be a lot to learn from financial systems
       | engineering
       | 
       | Depends on what you mean by "financial systems". There are plenty
       | of financial systems that takes days or weeks to fully process
       | transactions.
       | 
       | You're probably referring to stock trading systems (which by
       | their nature have to be extremely low latency). The term to
       | search for is "HFT" (high-frequency trading).
       | 
       | Here is a recent paper on the topic (focused on C++, though most
       | things you find will tend to be):
       | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04259
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | I wouldn't look further than asking what happens currently in the
       | processing of these messages. It might turn out for example that
       | the minutes delay is deliberate: high frequency trading can
       | become unstable more easily than low frequency trading. Perhaps
       | there's a human in the loop?
        
       | asalahli wrote:
       | Check out The Payments Engineer Playbook[0]. I don't work on
       | financial systems but I'm subscribed and like the occasional
       | distributed systems insights.
       | 
       | One of the posts turned up on HN front page a year ago[1]. Thats
       | how I discovered it
       | 
       | 0. https://news.alvaroduran.com/
       | 
       | 1. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42269227
        
       | jbarrettcapone wrote:
       | I would recommend the Jane Street youtube channel, the ocamal
       | focused ones in my opinion you can skip. But otherwise their
       | engineering videos will give you a good sense of it. When it
       | comes to low latency systems this is a very private ecosystem.
       | There are some open source projects for learning some of the
       | mechanics of trading, market data and the order to settlement
       | lifecycle. I am not aware of any being built for low latency.
       | 
       | Market data ingest, analysis and resulting order execution is
       | chewing through way more data way faster than any banking
       | transaction system. I have worked on both of them.
       | 
       | If you want more in the weeds but still high level I gave a talk
       | on the main concepts and systems you need to know to code low
       | latency for markets.
       | https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1HIPJb0XX3JDHEYSrZC8v...
        
       | yu3zhou4 wrote:
       | There a free online accredited master's degree in Financial
       | Engineering (https://www.wqu.edu/mscfe), probably not for OP but
       | maybe some find it useful for them
        
       | koliber wrote:
       | # Books
       | 
       | ## * _Trading and Exchanges: Market Microstructure for
       | Practitioners_ by Larry Harris*
       | 
       | - comprehensive overview written in an accessible way
       | 
       | ## * _The Microstructure of Financial Markets_ by Frank de Jong
       | and Barbara Rindi*
       | 
       | - 1st 1/4 of the book is generally useful. Then the math starts.
       | This math is not needed to get a basic overview.
       | 
       | These are two books I wish someone gave to me when I started my
       | first capital markets software engineering job. I recommend them
       | to all the people I place in financial system engineering roles.
       | 
       | This is my passion. Message me if you want to talk more about
       | this -- see HN profile for contact info.
        
       | the_sleaze_ wrote:
       | I recently learned of Kdb+ and the associated ecosystem of
       | financial tools.
       | 
       | May be worth getting a head start on these, I understand these
       | are the tools that the HFTs and the quants use.
       | 
       | https://kx.com/products/kdb/
        
       | ofrzeta wrote:
       | "The Disruptor is the result of our efforts to build the world's
       | highest performance financial exchange at LMAX."
       | 
       | https://lmax-exchange.github.io/disruptor/disruptor.html
        
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       (page generated 2025-11-23 23:01 UTC)