[HN Gopher] Cognitive and mental health correlates of short-form...
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       Cognitive and mental health correlates of short-form video use
        
       Author : smartmic
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2025-11-19 20:01 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (psycnet.apa.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (psycnet.apa.org)
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | yeah I'm trying to watch less YT, hard for me to just sit in
       | silence and think
       | 
       | trying to be more of a producer than consumer, not saying this to
       | look down I'm socially/financially a failure, trying to change my
       | habits
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | The paper is specifically studying short-form videos like on
         | TikTok or Youtube _Shorts_ , so there would be no implication
         | for videos longer than 3 minutes (the maximum for YT shorts)
        
           | righthand wrote:
           | I don't think it's correct to say there are no implications.
           | The only discernable difference between a short and long
           | videos effects is that one of the videos is capped at 3
           | minutes. There could be plenty of implication and correlation
           | to high intake watching videos of any length.
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | I don't know if that's the only discernible difference.
             | 
             | While 3 minutes is indeed an arbitrary limit, the
             | difference between short and long form videos is very
             | noticeable. Long form requires another form of attention,
             | focusing more, more commitment, less distraction; there's
             | even a form of "delayed gratification" (a form of attention
             | that only grownups can provide) in that the payoff isn't
             | always immediate and can sometimes be _very_ delayed.
             | 
             | Short form is like junk food, zero friction, instantly
             | addictive and doesn't require you to really pay attention.
             | Surely the immediacy of attention it needs is completely
             | different to long form video.
             | 
             | I also disagree with your other comment that maybe long
             | form can promote similar consumption habits (you call it
             | "overconsumption"); I don't think anyone can get "addicted"
             | to long form video, it's simply too time-demanding, you
             | don't get a "fix" and the "zapping" effect of quickly
             | moving from one video to the next.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | I probably spend 1-2 hours per day watching content on
               | youtube (and much of that is at ~1.5-1.75X speed)
               | 
               | I don't know what qualifies as "addiction", but it is
               | typically where I get my news, where a web-series I watch
               | is released, and where I learn about social justice
               | issues important to me, through video essays.
               | 
               | I'm sure my consumption is very different from that of
               | someone who watches 100 1-minute Tiktok videos per day,
               | but I think it's worth at least questioning how this
               | might also contribute to cognitive performance and mental
               | health.
               | 
               | Though I think a big difference with short-form content
               | is the autoplay functionality (as your sibling commenter
               | mentions). I watch videos which are released by channels
               | I subscribe to, and occasionally (maybe once a week)
               | watch something Youtube recommends to me. So I retain
               | some agency over my viewing habits compared to someone
               | whose decisions are dictated by the algorithm, which also
               | has an incentive to keep people watching as long as
               | possible.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Are your habits typical though? Playing long form videos
               | at 1.75 speed? I suppose once you start engaging at
               | hyperspeeds, you're making it closer to short form
               | compulsive consumption. It'd be like speed reading a book
               | instead of letting ideas and thoughts form.
        
             | Chabsff wrote:
             | There is a HUGE difference in that the combined short
             | length with the fact that the video starts playing before
             | you even have a chance to make a decision on whether to
             | watch it or not leads you to a "heh! I'm here already,
             | might as well just watch the thing".
        
               | righthand wrote:
               | This is a response to you and the other Y people that
               | confuse short videos with autoplay and user engagement
               | techniques.
               | 
               | There are people that autoplay long videos, in fact
               | people stream random Simpson's (or other favorite tv
               | show, podcast, music, books on tape, etc) episodes in the
               | background while they work. Classic TV has autoplay with
               | no opportunity to decide. Autoplay is not an exclusive
               | short form video feature. I can make a short video on my
               | computer and it will not autoplay other content.
        
               | Chabsff wrote:
               | There's no confusion here. It's pretty easy to make the
               | argument that the _combination_ of auto play and short
               | form is orders of magnitude more problematic than the sum
               | of their parts.
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | Sure, but that's beside the point. The discussion here is
             | about the unique qualities of SFV and its affects on
             | attention span and thinking. It's about the instant-reward
             | feedback mechanism of swiping quickly and the ability to
             | ingest a larger narrative. It's about the super-short cuts
             | of video and audio that beg for attention, versus longer,
             | more static content that requires patience, doesn't
             | constantly dump dopamine, and stays on one topic longer.
             | 
             | In short: There are a lot of differences in how long and
             | short videos affect a person, in my opinion.
        
         | thanhhaimai wrote:
         | Long form educational YT videos are amazing. It makes my brain
         | work hard, and I feel like I learn more.
         | 
         | Short form pop content like TikTok doesn't give my brain enough
         | time to engage the thinking muscle.
         | 
         | I think it's better to identify the characteristics of the
         | media we consume, rather than lumping all of them together.
        
           | righthand wrote:
           | There could be overconsumption effects of short form media
           | that exist in long form certainly.
           | 
           | You're hand waving it away because you prefer long videos.
           | What about all the people using TikTok as a search engine?
        
             | oceansky wrote:
             | May God help them
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | I don't think you're wrong but I think you're being too
             | quick to attack the gp. They're not wrong either. The point
             | you brought up doesn't contradict theirs but adds nuance.
             | 
             | I'm all for nuance. Its also why I'm biased towards long
             | form media as it's more likely to contain nuance, but not
             | guaranteed. The gps specific example of lectures is quite
             | narrow and more likely to have depth. Which is the entire
             | problem of short form media, that we live in a complex
             | world where we can't distill everything into 1-2 minute
             | segments. Hell, even a lecture series, which will be over
             | 10hrs of content is not enough to make one an expert on all
             | but the most trivial of topics.
             | 
             | You're right that we need nuance but you're not right in
             | arguing for it while demonstrating a lack of it. A major
             | issue is we need to communicate, something we're becoming
             | worse at. We should do our best to speak and write as
             | clearly as possible but at the end of the day language is
             | so imprecise that a listener or reader will be able to
             | construct many, and even opposing, narratives. It is more
             | important to be a good listener than a good speaker. I'd
             | hope programmers, of all people, could understand this as
             | we've invented overly pedantic languages with the explicit
             | purpose of minimizing ambiguity[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FN2RM-CHkuI
        
         | SlightlyLeftPad wrote:
         | I hate that I can't use youtube at all without being forced to
         | fed short form video content. Or kids schools referencing
         | youtube content for educational purposes and they are then
         | force fed short form video content.
        
           | Chabsff wrote:
           | Honestly, I don't _mind_ the format in principle, and the
           | process that goes from YT 's homepage to watching a single
           | one of them is not that bad to me. As long as I get to make a
           | decision that I want to watch something, consciously go "I
           | will click on this thing and watch it" and only then proceed
           | to watch it, then it's _fine_.
           | 
           | It's the algorithmic loop that starts the moment you scroll
           | to the next video that starts playing before you even have a
           | chance to decide whether or not it's something that you want
           | to watch that's abhorrent to me.
        
           | mrandish wrote:
           | On Firefox you can block short form content from YouTube as
           | easily as adding one extension or a few uBlock Origin filter
           | lines. With a bit more work it's possible to fix _a lot_ of
           | other stuff using various browser extensions and userscripts
           | on desktop /laptop. On mobile (Android) I use an app that
           | patches the YT executable called "Revanced Extended"
           | (https://github.com/inotia00/ReVanced_Extended). On set top
           | (Android TV sticks) I use an app called SmartTube
           | (https://smarttubeapp.github.io/).
           | 
           | On desktop/laptop I decided to go deeper into YT
           | customization. My current mod stack for YT completely re-
           | imagines the YT interface to be focused and space efficient,
           | replaces spammy, inaccurate thumbnails with actual video
           | stills, re-formats spammy ALL CAPS AtTentIoN SeEKiNG
           | headlines, shows enough of the expanded description to be
           | useful and outright blocks a bunch of stuff I never want to
           | see (channel promos, upcoming, shorts, live streams,
           | algorithm recommendations, etc). It takes me straight to a
           | grid of only new videos posted by the niche channels I
           | subscribe to, so I never even see the Youtube home page.
           | 
           | Warning: I cobbled together this stack over time out of
           | disparate unrelated components by just experimenting until I
           | found a combination which "fixes" YT in _exactly_ the ways I
           | want. Even though it _heavily_ customizes YT, it 's all been
           | working great with no changes for over two years - but YT
           | could break it any time. If you're okay with that, this
           | should get you started:
           | 
           | 1. A UserScript YouTube 'mod platform' called [Nova
           | YouTube](https://github.com/raingart/Nova-YouTube-extension).
           | This does the thumbnail, description and other reformatting
           | as well as most of the content blocking by type (with a
           | couple uBO filters found in the uBO subreddit).
           | 
           | 2. A Stylus userstyles (CSS) mod called [AdashimaaTube](https
           | ://github.com/sapondanaisriwan/AdashimaaTube). This mostly
           | handles reformatting the interface like number of rows and
           | columns in grids and selectively removing YT's dark-pattern
           | UI cruft.
           | 
           | 3. "Youtube Enhancer" (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-
           | US/firefox/addon/youtube-enhan...) is a Firefox add-on which
           | I mostly use for one feature it does perfectly (auto-
           | expanding videos to fill the browser viewport but not in
           | 'full-screen'). I also like the way Enhanced YouTube's
           | configurable player interface buttons work and look.
           | 
           | My YT account was created in 2008 and until I did this I
           | didn't even realize just how _awful_ YT had become because it
           | was done so gradually over the years. There are a lot of
           | different add-ons and userscripts out there and the ones I
           | happened to land on may not suit you, so just try different
           | options to see what 's possible and then experiment until you
           | find a stack which works for you.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Learn to watch at 2x speed (or faster with an extension). Then
         | use the saved time for productive activities.
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | I think you should watch at whatever speed you best ingest
           | the material. Don't get me wrong, some lectures I watch at 2x
           | but it isn't about optimizing speed. It's about optimizing
           | attention. I go faster if the speaker is too slow and/or too
           | monotone so my mind starts drifting. Speeding up can force me
           | to concentrate and not drift but the right speed is dependent
           | in many factors that it can't be a hard rule. Regardless of
           | the speed, in a lecture video I'll pause and rewind. That's
           | the large benefit to them, though at the cost of being unable
           | to engage and interact.
           | 
           | There's no deficit of time in the day, the deficit is in
           | energy and attention. I'm worried we conflate speed and
           | productivity (I'm unsure if you do or don't) but these are
           | original. Speed gives the illusion of productivity but it is
           | ignorant of quality and efficiency. It's only a first order
           | approximation of productivity and a noisy one at best.
           | Velocity is more important, as it requires direction but even
           | velocity is ignorant of momentum, acceleration, force, and
           | many other factors that go into making one productive. Speed
           | is only important if everything else is held constant.
           | 
           | Let's not confuse speed for productivity. I'd argue that is a
           | major contributing factor that has gotten us to this point.
           | Where everything appears to move fast but in reality moves
           | slower than ever
        
         | chickensong wrote:
         | > hard for me to just sit in silence and think Maybe practice
         | slowing down by reading a book. Any book, hard copy.
         | 
         | > trying to be more of a producer than consumer Thank you!
        
       | foofoo12 wrote:
       | Totally my feeling too.
       | 
       | The formula seems to be: dopamine, dopamine, dopamine,
       | infuriating country dividing content, dopamine, dopamine,
       | dopamine, infuriating country dividing content, dopamine,
       | dopamine, dopamine ...
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Whenever I search anything in my native language, and I mean
         | literally any topic, one of the top recommendations (if not the
         | top one, which autoplays by default) is the local far-right
         | party. It's crazy. We've become used to this but it's crazy.
        
           | nxor wrote:
           | People have beliefs you don't share?
        
             | foofoo12 wrote:
             | No, he's referring to politics.
             | 
             | Far-right politics[a] encompasses a range of ideologies
             | that are marked by ultraconservatism, authoritarianism,
             | ultranationalism, radical anti-communism, ethnonationalism,
             | and nativism.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics
        
         | SantalBlush wrote:
         | This accurately describes the front page of reddit, too.
        
           | foofoo12 wrote:
           | Yep. It's ironic that reddit itself cured my reddit
           | addiction.
        
       | goldemerald wrote:
       | Algorithmically served short form videos is clearly the smoking
       | of our time. I cannot stand the conservative view of "well we
       | don't know the videos cause mental health decline, or if it's
       | simply those with a genetic inclination who seek out short form
       | content.", exactly mirroring the skeptics about smoking causing
       | cancer. I'm hopeful that in 5-10 years (but more likely 20)
       | people will view this AI served, maximally engaging, content in
       | the same way we view smoking now: disgusting and horrible, but
       | adults should be allowed to do what they want. I can easily
       | imagine kids/teens sharing their illicit access to shorts much in
       | the same way they share vapes/cigarettes, which would be a much
       | more preferable situation than the unlimited use we see today.
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | Oh man, they take random people's clips, stitch them together
         | with a voice over and include false information eg. an
         | incorrect fact about an animal
        
         | nxor wrote:
         | I hope you don't mean conservative in the usual political
         | sense. I know more conservatives worried about this than not.
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | We have one clear rule at home for the kids: YouTube long format
       | is ok.
       | 
       | But: no shorts, no reels, no TikTok.
       | 
       | Any short video platform is strictly forbidden. No exceptions.
        
         | gblargg wrote:
         | I'd also ban autoplay of the next video. You have to be
         | involved in choosing the next video to watch (or none).
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | I would suggest you make an exception for YouTube shorts from
         | channels / creators that _also_ put out YouTube long-form
         | content.
         | 
         | You'd think I'd be making a point here about "otherwise you'd
         | be missing a lot of good educational content that happens to be
         | packaged short-form"; but no!
         | 
         | The point I actually want to make is much weirder: unlike the
         | other short-form-video services, YouTube's "shorts" _don 't
         | seem to have any actual time constraints built into the
         | format_. And so many creators -- especially the ones that
         | normally make long-form content -- actually put out rather
         | _long_ "shorts". Like, multiple minutes long.
         | 
         | Which means that a large percentage of YT "shorts" these days
         | are essentially just... regular YouTube videos. Just, er,
         | vertical.
         | 
         | For a while, I _was_ filtering out YT  "shorts"... until I
         | realized that some of my favorite long-form creators I had been
         | following had gone mysteriously missing from my feed. And it
         | turned out I was missing all their new videos, because they
         | decided to format+post them as "shorts." These were the same
         | videos they had been producing for years now. Just as long as
         | before. Just in portrait now.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Tangent: Why are creators even bothering to make these videos
         | and mark them as "shorts", if they're not actually short-form
         | videos?
         | 
         | Well, _creators_ are incentivized to do this, because YT is
         | really _pushing_ shorts; and so, if you make your video into a
         | "short" -- whether or not it's a _short-form video_ -- your
         | video will get promoted in many shorts-only UI carousels and
         | recommended areas of the site and apps, that it otherwise
         | wouldn 't. (This easy route to promotion is especially
         | tantalizing for newer creators trying to "break through" to a
         | self-sustaining audience.)
         | 
         | And YT itself is incentivized, now that they _have_ all this
         | frontage to push  "shorts", to _have_ a constant stream of new
         | "shorts" to push -- whether or not those "shorts" are really
         | _in the spirit of short-form content_.
         | 
         | YT and the creators are effectively aligned in an implicit
         | agreement to violate the spirit of "short-form video" in the
         | name of bringing more attention to what's basically their same
         | old content format.
        
           | OGWhales wrote:
           | I noticed that as well (though I do think there is a time
           | limit), but decided I didn't want to encourage more of it and
           | still avoid any shorts. I usually watch on a TV anyway, so
           | vertical videos are pretty weird...
        
           | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
           | Pretty sure YouTube shorts have a 3min time limit. That's
           | what it was last time I uploaded a video. By the way, it's
           | really annoying that videos a minute or under need to be
           | Shorts and they converted all old short videos to Shorts
        
           | jlund-molfese wrote:
           | I disagree in principle, but your comment was actually pretty
           | interesting, so I still upvoted it!
           | 
           | I sometimes watch shorts when I go directly to a creator's
           | page, but still notice myself sucked into the loop of the
           | next short automatically playing and not being particularly
           | interesting.
        
           | chickensong wrote:
           | If you're anti-shorts, you could also choose to send a
           | message to the creators by not watching their shorts. If they
           | previously made long form but have switched to shorts,
           | they're concerned with views, so you deny them the views.
           | 
           | Of course this may have little impact since so many people
           | have no self-control and the gains from shorts may outweigh
           | loosing your views, but it's still something. Enjoy the
           | warmth of angry spite and move on.
           | 
           | Vote with your wallet, your clicks, and be the change you
           | wish to see.
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | I mean... I'm against _short-form videos_. I 'm not against
             | YT shorts, because they (mostly) _aren 't_ short-form
             | videos. They're just vertical videos that trick people used
             | to short-form videos into _thinking_ they 'll be getting
             | short-form videos, but (mostly) give them long-form videos.
             | (Or... medium form? What do you call a two-to-three-minute-
             | long video that thoroughly answers one very specific
             | question?)
             | 
             | Especially the creators who've "previously made long form
             | but have switched to shorts" -- they're not making short-
             | form videos. They're just making long/medium-form videos in
             | portrait now.
             | 
             | IMHO, if something markets itself as a problematic thing,
             | but doesn't actually _deliver_ on the problematic part,
             | then it isn 't problematic. (E.g. convincing kids that
             | frozen peas are "pea candy" isn't problematic. You're not
             | making them like "candy." You're making them like peas!)
        
       | gblargg wrote:
       | Anyone who's able to stomach those short videos has to have
       | cognitive deficits or mental issues. I'd rather watch an
       | advertisement than those (and I can't stand watching
       | advertisements).
        
       | cadamsdotcom wrote:
       | Short form is no good to consume anyway.
       | 
       | The moment the content gets interesting - the athlete is about to
       | cross the finish line, or the voiceover is about to explain HOW
       | they got the turtle out from the barbed wire - the video
       | restarts!
       | 
       | Then there is a mix of annoyance and curiosity - at the content
       | not going deep enough - and that jolts me out of the addiction
       | loop.
        
       | Boogie_Man wrote:
       | I recall being flabbergasted the first time I saw someone
       | watching (what I think was) tick tock. An adolescent boy a few
       | rows in front of me at an amphitheater was watching what I
       | believe was comedic content at full volume, but the jump cuts and
       | sound effects were so jarring and constant that even when I
       | focused for a minute and tried to force myself to understand what
       | he was watching, I couldn't follow what was happening.
       | 
       | I can recall being that age and being overwhelmed and exhausted
       | after watching a Pokemon TV show battle sequence, but this has
       | nothing on what I assume is the worst kind of short form content
       | today. "The weed is different now bro".
        
       | taw1285 wrote:
       | This tracks for me. I have deleted TikTok and Instagram but now I
       | find myself browsing X short videos!! Addiction is a crazy thing.
       | 
       | I have a daily 30 minute one way commute. I usually put on a
       | YouTube video about startup or tech talk. But I find myself
       | forgetting it all the day after. I am curious how you go about
       | remembering the content without being able to take notes while
       | driving.
        
         | mrDmrTmrJ wrote:
         | I have YouTube.com and X.com IP blocked on this computer for
         | exactly that reason.
         | 
         | Because I noticed I have zero self-control with the short-term
         | video format. So now I don't touch it and consider it similar
         | to cigarettes.
        
         | apsurd wrote:
         | Information for its own sake to obtain doesn't have any lasting
         | effect, it makes sense why you forget. Try to intake the
         | information and have it cue a relation to your life, have it
         | spark some internal thought. I'm struggling to articulate this,
         | I've always been "a thinker", just think about things all day.
         | I rarely finish books because whatever I read I think about it
         | for so long.
         | 
         | It's my own personal reflection on information, knowledge, and
         | learning, I hesitated to write this comment but I did at the
         | chance it helps.
         | 
         | Information is basically a commodity these days. The leverage
         | is in how the info informs your thoughts.
        
         | nxor wrote:
         | You don't. This is where taking public transport to work
         | shines.
        
         | drekipus wrote:
         | are you watching talks while driving?
         | 
         | One thing I've tried recently, was that going no-nothing while
         | driving: so no music, radio, nothing, just me and my thoughts.
         | 
         | It's been immensely pleasurable, like I've rediscovered myself.
         | 
         | But I still have an issue with finding a good long form video
         | to watch while washing up, or shorts while I'm waiting for CI
         | to finish at work, etc. I need to find something else to do.
         | 
         | something along the lines of "you can't remove an addiction
         | habit, you can only replace it"
        
       | nverba wrote:
       | As someone who pays for YouTube, I don't understand why I can't
       | disable shorts fully. They already have my money. What more do
       | they want?
        
         | itake wrote:
         | they want your time
        
           | sturza wrote:
           | attention is all they want
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | Attention is all they need.
        
         | OGWhales wrote:
         | Yeah, I find it odd how hard they push it, like trying to shove
         | it down my throat levels of pushing shorts. I already use their
         | platform heavily, just for regular videos. My guess is they get
         | more data from how you interact with shorts and they find that
         | to be super valuable info over what they get from regular video
         | watching.
        
           | nxor wrote:
           | Funny enough, last I saw, shorts of course are less
           | profitable than videos, because they can't carry as many ads,
           | and supposedly advertisers would rather put their ads on
           | longer videos anyway. This would imply they just want to stay
           | relevant. After all, if they didn't make short form videos,
           | someone somewhere would be convinced they are missing out
           | (personally I find shorts a lot worse than long videos).
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | They want more of your money. They will monetize you as much as
         | they can. You're just a well-supported, paying product.
        
           | nearbuy wrote:
           | They don't make more money from showing you shorts once
           | you've paid to remove the ads.
           | 
           | The default reason some feature doesn't exist is simply
           | because no one bothered to make it. Maybe they don't think
           | there's a big demand from their users to disable shorts
           | completely.
        
             | prussia wrote:
             | I would wager some VP at YouTube in charge of shorts has
             | their performance evaluations tied to how many hours of
             | shorts are watched. So that's one incentive. Another is
             | customer retention. Make current paying users addicted to
             | shorts, and maybe they'll be more likely to keep paying.
        
               | nearbuy wrote:
               | I think you're basically right, but the comment I replied
               | to was saying they'll somehow get more of that specific
               | user's money. While the shorts may improve retention in
               | aggregate, this particular paying customer doesn't want
               | them.
        
             | lenerdenator wrote:
             | > The default reason some feature doesn't exist is simply
             | because no one bothered to make it. Maybe they don't think
             | there's a big demand from their users to disable shorts
             | completely.
             | 
             | My guess is they know _exactly_ what users are doing with
             | the app and website, and know that people use shorts more
             | often than we think.
             | 
             | This is one of their prime products, and they're Google,
             | the biggest surveillance company on the planet. Of course
             | they know how users interact with their service.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | companies don't work like people, there is no limit to their
         | desires. Trying to appeal to the good taste of a trillion
         | dollar company is, as the anecdote goes, like letting a tiger
         | swallow you up to the shoulders and then demand that it spare
         | your head.
        
           | cultofmetatron wrote:
           | > companies don't work like people, there is no limit to
           | their desires.
           | 
           | public companies specifically force this kind of capture all
           | possible revenue capture to the point of hurting long term
           | profits.
           | 
           | Take Valve, a private company that understands that its not
           | worth pissing off your customers in the long term and have an
           | incentive structure that supports that.
        
         | zparky wrote:
         | Honestly, I use revanced on my android phone which lets me
         | disable all shorts content appearing. and on browser if i stick
         | to the subscriptions tab and maybe the sidebar on videos,
         | there's no shorts.
        
         | CGMthrowaway wrote:
         | Get Unhook extension (for desktop)
        
           | mannycalavera42 wrote:
           | yup, this one :up
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Also the weird YouTube Playable Games thing that shows up every
         | few weeks.
        
         | or_am_i wrote:
         | The subscription revenues is a decent chunk of your lifetime
         | value (LTV) as a customer, but it's not all of it. The goal
         | here is to squeeze as much value from you aside from that as
         | possible, measured mostly by two things, really: the direct ad
         | revenue, measured by dollars that go on the balance sheet, and
         | the indirect "engagement" value measured by the KPIs (think
         | daily, weekly, monthly active users) that go into the
         | quarterlies. The more time you spend on the platform, the more
         | "things" you have got used to interacting with (aka day-to-day,
         | week-to-week "retention"), the more they can potentially "sell"
         | to you -- and it's not just ads / youtube subscription upsells,
         | it can be and often is other "products" on the same platform:
         | their music streaming, their search, their documents and
         | emails, maps, drive, etc. etc. And it just so happens that the
         | short format is _really, really_ engaging for many folks.
         | 
         | The more time you spend in the mall, the fuller are the bags on
         | the way out, be it out of chance, habit, or convenience.
        
           | theshackleford wrote:
           | > The goal here is to squeeze as much value from you aside
           | from that as possible, measured mostly by two things, really:
           | the direct ad revenue, measured by dollars that go on the
           | balance sheet
           | 
           | There are no ads on a sub, this doesn't make any sense as
           | such to the parents comment.
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | That's right, but it's not just products that they can "sell"
           | you. It's all about your data, which is worth much more than
           | any upsell opportunity.
           | 
           | Whether the user pays for YouTube Premium or not, they still
           | have access to your behavioral data, your interests, they can
           | easily determine your location, and so on. All of these data
           | points contribute to your profile, which is a literal gold
           | mine for their entire business. How much value they extract
           | from it exactly is likely something not even Google knows.
           | But given that it can be exchanged on dark data broker
           | markets in perpetuity, the price can only go up.
           | 
           | It's a goddamn racket that needs to be made visible and
           | subject to thorough public and legal scrutiny.
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > How much value they extract from it exactly is likely
             | something not even Google knows. But given that it can be
             | exchanged on dark data broker markets in perpetuity,
             | 
             | Companies like Google and Meta don't sell your data, on
             | dark markets or otherwise.
             | 
             | They keep it in-house for advertising targeting purposes.
             | 
             | If they sold it to other companies it would reduce their
             | competitive advantage. It's not even worth it for them.
             | 
             | Google doesn't want to sell your data. They want to keep it
             | internal as much as possible so their ad platform is
             | valuable.
        
               | bitmasher9 wrote:
               | They won't sell your raw data, but they will use your
               | data to charge a premium for their ads.
               | 
               | It's indirectly "selling your data".
        
         | npunt wrote:
         | They want you to never unsubscribe, which requires your
         | addiction.
         | 
         | Incentive to addict + Ability to addict = outcome
        
           | al_borland wrote:
           | It doesn't require addiction though. It only requires an
           | aversion to watching ads, or the more general aversion to
           | being annoyed.
        
         | throwaway81523 wrote:
         | I wonder what the issue is with shorts? Usually if I look
         | something up on youtube (say a how-to or a product review), I
         | don't want to see a half hour of blithering that could be
         | compressed to a tweet. I generally pick the shortest video I
         | can find about whatever it is. If it's limited to under a
         | minute that's great. I'd really rather have a text post than a
         | video, but those don't seem to exist any more.
        
         | thuridas wrote:
         | I would consider paying premium if they allowed me to disable
         | shorts
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | This is my frustration as well. It seems like Premium should be
         | all about optimizing for the experience the user wants, without
         | the same dark patterns as the ad-supported site.
         | 
         | The worst is search. Shorts are fine as a row in the
         | recommended stuff that I can watch if I want something short or
         | mindless, but when I search I almost always want a normal
         | video. In the iPhone app I can filter for normal videos, but on
         | the AppleTV, the search is 85% shorts to the point of being
         | useless.
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | > This is my frustration as well. It seems like Premium
           | should be all about optimizing for the experience the user
           | wants, without the same dark patterns as the ad-supported
           | site.
           | 
           | Why would it be?
           | 
           | Cable TV (which was just YouTube for the 80s and 90s) figured
           | this out early: the attraction isn't the user experience,
           | it's the content. They started off without ads, because, hey,
           | you're paying. Then they introduced ads, because they wanted
           | both your subscription fee _and_ advertising dollars.
           | 
           | Did people cancel their subscriptions because of the ads?
           | Hell no. They ordered the premium package to watch Cinemax,
           | HBO, and pro sports. They paid for Pay-Per-View boxing bouts
           | and rented movies. Then they bought the DVR and digital cable
           | subscription, because HDTV was the new hotness.
           | 
           | Your kid's head will explode if he doesn't get to watch Mr.
           | Beast like his friends at school get to, so you keep putting
           | up with whatever enshittification Google carries out on
           | YouTube. You won't stop, I won't stop, no one will, and they
           | know that.
        
         | Willish42 wrote:
         | There's some thoughtful comments here already, but I wonder the
         | same thing constantly as a fairly addicted user of YouTube who
         | wants to avoid short form video altogether.
         | 
         | I think Premium users tend to be the most affluent desirable
         | group for ad targeting (similar to iOS users on other
         | platforms) and even though YT Premium lets you avoid ads on
         | YouTube, I suspect one's activity feed/"algorithm" on YouTube
         | factors a lot into Google (and others'?) ad targeting. The same
         | eerily effective feedback loop for getting TikTok and YouTube
         | suggestions works better with short-form video, so even if
         | users aren't seeing ads, YouTube still has an incentive to have
         | people use it. So, there's money to be made in dialing in your
         | "algorithm" from using YT Shorts even if you're a premium user.
         | 
         | I'm sure the other stuff about KPIs for increasing usage of
         | shorts to compete with other media sites is accurate too
        
         | bogwog wrote:
         | Google is a monopolist. They have no real competitive pressure,
         | so they're incentivized to extract as much value from you as
         | possible rather than waste time trying to retain you as a user
         | (cuz where are you gonna go lol). Forcing short form video on
         | you could be seen as either an attempt to get you addicted to
         | the format, or just a way for some product manager to fluff up
         | their metrics for a promotion.
         | 
         | No matter what you decide to do, they're going to profit off of
         | you. The only remaining question is "how much".
         | 
         | Personally, I don't want to make it easy for them. That's why I
         | like to use alternative YouTube frontends that limit data
         | collection and block ads. I sure as shit don't pay for premium.
         | Whatever effect that has on their business is likely
         | negligible, but it at least makes me feel better about the
         | situation.
        
           | arthurjj wrote:
           | But _Youtube_ isn 't a monopoly. It's competing with Netflix,
           | Prime Video, Hulu Instagram, Tiktok and Twitch off the top of
           | my head. So they do have to make Youtube competitive
           | 
           | Your theory of
           | 
           | > just a way for some product manager to fluff up their
           | metrics for a promotion.
           | 
           | is the most likely culprit
        
         | tyre wrote:
         | I use ublock origin for this. Also the NYT Opinion section
         | because ain't nobody got time for that nonsense.
        
           | johnisgood wrote:
           | Despite YouTube's attempts at blocking adblockers, I am still
           | using YouTube successfully without ads. That said, at times I
           | do have to reload the page for the video to load properly.
        
         | michaelcampbell wrote:
         | Sadly this requires a browser plugin. Happily, those exist. I
         | also pay for YT and use "enhancer for youtube" which can do a
         | plethora of things, one of which is to disable shorts.
        
         | dingdingdang wrote:
         | Use the Brave browser and look at the inbuilt filtering (search
         | for "Content Filters" in settings), it allows explicit removal
         | of shorts via enabling of "YouTube Anti-Shorts" filter list.
         | Does the job beautifully.
        
       | autonomousErwin wrote:
       | Great ad for Grayscale on your phone and chrome extensions that
       | get rid of shorts
        
       | SunshineTheCat wrote:
       | I find it weird that this focuses specifically upon "short form
       | video" as though that's the dangerous or addictive element.
       | 
       | It's like saying drinking consistently throughout the day is
       | dangerous without specifying whether we're talking about bourbon
       | or water.
       | 
       | That key variable seems to matter more than the format.
       | 
       | For example: how do you think a person would feel if they watched
       | 30 minutes straight of "short form video" of kittens playing with
       | each other as opposed to a person who watches 30 minutes of
       | people telling them their political opponents want them to die.
       | 
       | Somehow I think these two scenarios would have very different
       | "mental health" impacts. As with anything, it comes down to what
       | people choose to consume, not how they consume it.
        
         | tartuffe78 wrote:
         | I don't think getting addicted to constant serotonin boosts
         | from enjoyable videos is that much better to be honest.
        
           | nxor wrote:
           | Not for me. It's also about the kind of thinking this
           | behavior engages. If you only think superficially about
           | kittens for 30 minutes ... personally I would find that
           | similarly awful. Whether the videos are rage inducing or not,
           | it's only passive consumption. And I would rather spend that
           | time using my brain.
        
         | GloamingNiblets wrote:
         | The nature of the content is an important variable to control
         | for in future work, but the primary negative impact appears to
         | be via the devastating effect on human attention.
         | 
         | From the paper: "repeated exposure to highly stimulating, fast-
         | paced content may contribute to habituation, in which users
         | become desensitized to slower, more effortful cognitive tasks
         | such as reading, problem solving, or deep learning. This
         | process may gradually reduce cognitive endurance and weaken the
         | brain's ability to sustain attention on a single task...
         | potentially reinforcing impulsive engagement patterns and
         | encouraging habitual seeking of instant gratification".
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | Is all short form video "highly stimulating" and/or "fast-
           | paced" though? I can see the argument for the format being
           | inherently stimulating/fast-paced, but I think that it still
           | comes down more to the content than the format.
        
             | chickensong wrote:
             | The pace _is_ the format. Even if you 're just watching
             | turtles for 30 seconds, the loop and the switch to next
             | video are fast-paced context switching, which is
             | stimulating. I suspect it has similar mental effects to
             | constant interruptions, like a bad day at work where slack
             | and email prevent you from getting into flow state/real
             | work.
             | 
             | The format also encourages maximum aggressive video editing
             | where the short video is further chopped up with cuts and
             | zooms etc, techniques designed to tickle your brain and
             | keep you engaged, more stimulation.
             | 
             | Look at what twitter et al. did to long form reading. Short
             | video is the same.
        
         | nemonemo wrote:
         | The danger of short form videos is because the form enables the
         | algorithm designer to artificially maximize the reward with
         | minimum effort by the viewer. It doesn't matter whether you
         | watch kitten ones initially. After watching it for a month
         | casually, chances are you would end up watching some addictive
         | videos for hours with little effort. It could be some endless
         | stream of Buddhist monks talking about suffering, if someone
         | likes that kind of thing. It's just designed to be addictive
         | with crazy high reward/effort ratio.
        
         | w10-1 wrote:
         | It may be that some media or some alcohol is more toxic than
         | others, but it's still fair to test whether the mode of
         | administration has an independent or enhancing effect.
         | 
         | E.g., crack cocaine is more addictive than nasal, and extended
         | release Adderall is less addictive the immediate-release. So
         | there's good reason to hypothesize that SFV has similar
         | addiction-enhancing effects over long-form, and the article
         | meta-analysis says problems in inhibition and cognition are
         | among the strongest.
         | 
         | wrt choice, the thing about addiction is that while becoming
         | addicted results from a series of choices, being addicted
         | impairs your choice-making executive functions. Addicts use
         | even when they don't like it, and to the exclusion of other
         | things they prefer, and often switch from expensive drugs to
         | cheap ones just to maximize use.
         | 
         | So in the same way that society would prefer to prevent rather
         | than treat legions of fentanyl addicts infecting cities or meth
         | addicts roaming the countryside, society would like to avoid
         | the cognitive decline and productivity loss of a generation
         | lost to scrolling.
        
       | j2kun wrote:
       | Nobody is using this thread to actually talk about what's in the
       | paper, just as a place to rant about short form videos... One
       | question that comes to mind to me is: r=-.034 a reasonable effect
       | size? Having seen many scatter plots of r values, 0.3 seems
       | basically like random noise. Is this just falling into the same
       | problem as all huge meta-studies, that there's way too much
       | variability to get any kind of clear signal?
       | 
       | And why, for that matter, do we need science to tell us that SFV
       | is bad and addictive? Isn't that patently obvious from our own
       | lived experiences?
        
       | occupant wrote:
       | I found myself nodding in agreement and patting myself on the
       | back about not consuming SFVs, until I realized that I had just
       | read the abstract and closed the page.
        
         | acid__ wrote:
         | I didn't even click the link, just read the top two comments
         | and closed the page before realizing what I had done.
        
       | lbrito wrote:
       | Its been a long time since I took statistics courses, but aren't
       | those r values rather low to conclude anything?
       | 
       | "Increased SFV use was associated with poorer cognition (moderate
       | mean effect size, r = -.34), with attention (r = -.38) and
       | inhibitory control (r = -.41) yielding the strongest
       | associations. Similarly, increased SFV use was associated with
       | poorer mental health (weak mean effect size, r = -.21), with
       | stress (r = -.34) and anxiety (r = -.33)"
        
       | moduspol wrote:
       | I know it's probably offensive but I do suspect SFV use also
       | correlates with lower intelligence. This study suggests it leads
       | to poorer cognition, which is in the same ballpark, but I am
       | curious if in the next five or ten years, we'll find out that
       | this stuff disproportionately targets vulnerable people, even if
       | not explicitly intended.
        
         | squigz wrote:
         | Why would you think it's not explicitly intended?
        
       | tormeh wrote:
       | These correlations are not good, obviously, but in which
       | direction does the causality go? As someone with attention
       | issues, I've had to remove these apps from my home screen and
       | disable notifications because I can't handle them well. I suspect
       | I might be more susceptible to SFV due to attention issues,
       | rather than SFVs causing any change. It's a lousy way to spend
       | time, though.
        
       | SirHumphrey wrote:
       | I would caution against reading too much at this stage, even
       | though the researchers were very careful to talk about only
       | correlation, a lot of people here seem to read causation. This
       | are population studies so the variables are not independent.
       | 
       | The argument became a bit unpopular because it has been (ab)used
       | by smoking companies and gambling establishments but while an
       | addictive substance can addict anybody, who gets addicted is not
       | random. Watching of TikTok reals is a time wasting and dopamine
       | inducing behavior - while I don't doubt they are bad and I avoid
       | them, you may also be selecting for depressed or lonely people.
       | 
       | This I only write because people sometimes get in to an obsessive
       | social media cutting frenzy spending effort that would improve
       | their lives much quicker spent fixing diet or exercise.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > This I only write because people sometimes get in to an
         | obsessive social media cutting frenzy spending effort that
         | would improve their lives much quicker spent fixing diet or
         | exercise.
         | 
         | Not cutting social media would make these difficult-- e.g.,
         | limiting exercise to just stationary machines where they can
         | watch Tiktok and reach their dopamine hit goals for the day.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > Not cutting social media would make these difficult-- e.g.,
           | limiting exercise to just stationary machines where they can
           | watch Tiktok and reach their dopamine hit goals for the day.
           | 
           | If you force exercise to be boring, people will just avoid it
           | more.
           | 
           | People can scroll their phones or watch YouTube on an
           | exercise bike. It might make them exercise longer and make
           | them more likely to go to the gym than to avoid it.
           | 
           | I knew someone who only allowed themself to scroll their
           | social media platform of choice while working out. The
           | result? A lot of time spent working out.
        
       | ModernMech wrote:
       | My wife is bipolar 1, and whenever she would go into a manic
       | phase, I noticed her attention span would diminish as her
       | condition worsened. First she couldn't tolerate a whole movie.
       | Then not a 40 minute TV show, then not even a 20 minute show. She
       | would go through a music video phase where she would watch those
       | on repeat for hours, but eventually even those become too long,
       | so the last stop was YouTube shorts when her mental health was at
       | its worse. I always knew she was getting better when she started
       | watching longer-form content.
        
       | hodgehog11 wrote:
       | I think it really is important to stress that these are
       | correlations only. Something I've noticed: those with poor
       | attention spans or generally low engagement with deeper material
       | tend to be attracted to SFV. Likewise, those in a state of
       | depression or have ADHD can easily get into the quick
       | satisfaction coming from SFV. It may exacerbate existing issues,
       | but not necessarily be the cause.
        
         | markeroon wrote:
         | Is it important to stress that though? This feels like a
         | personal responsibility argument while also acknowledging that
         | it disproportionately affects people who don't have a ton of
         | control over their response to it.
        
           | hodgehog11 wrote:
           | It is important; if SFV cause these symptoms, that could be
           | grounds (long-term) to ban them. Not so if they only
           | exacerbate preexisting conditions.
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | I personally believe that consuming a lot of short form video in
       | lieu of doing more engaging activities is highly likely to worsen
       | cognition and attention, but to be clear this paper isn't making
       | that claim.
       | 
       | This is the classic correlation, not causation, meta-analysis.
       | They acknowledge that several times throughout:
       | 
       | > Although some longitudinal studies have provided insight into
       | the directionality between social media use and cognitive
       | functioning (e.g., Sharifian & Zahodne, 2020), it remains
       | possible that underlying cognitive differences shape how
       | individuals engage with SFVs. Those with lower baseline cognitive
       | functioning may gravitate toward highly stimulating, low-effort
       | content or find it more difficult to disengage from continuous
       | streams of short videos (e.g., Ioannidis et al., 2019). Moreover,
       | underlying factors such as anxiety, depression, or attentional
       | difficulties may shape both the nature of SFV use and cognitive
       | performance, contributing to the associations observed in the
       | current synthesis (Baumgartner, 2022; Dagher et al., 2021; Xiong
       | et al., 2024).
       | 
       | Usually any correlational study causes the comment section to
       | immediately fill with "correlation is not causation" comments
       | followed by the "I don't trust meta analyses" crowd with a
       | sampling of people complaining the sample size (of the individual
       | studies) was too small. But nearly every comment I see is
       | assuming causality and directionality. I see this topic strikes a
       | nerve.
       | 
       | It would have been nice to see at least an attempt to include
       | other forms of video content: Long-form YouTube videos, TV shows,
       | movies. That wouldn't show causality either, but it would be a
       | useful data point to check if this effect is really unique to
       | short form video or if the correlation holds for anyone watching
       | a lot of video.
        
       | nxor wrote:
       | I try to tell my parents to watch less short form videos. They
       | don't care. Thank you Meta and Alphabet. :(
        
       | btilly wrote:
       | I absolutely see the correlation myself, but which way does
       | causation go?
       | 
       | I can make a case for how engaging with short form video can be
       | bad for mental health. I certainly saw evidence of that first
       | hand in one of my children who engaged heavily in TikTok.
       | 
       | But I can also make a case for how poor mental health makes it
       | hard to resist engaging with short term video. For example I have
       | a child who is currently struggling with being suicidal. I find
       | that when she's in particularly bad shape, I find it much hard to
       | resist getting sucked into YouTube shorts. But when she's in good
       | shape, I have no such problem.
       | 
       | The combination of the two seems to lead to a doom loop that some
       | people get sucked into. But how can anyone separate the relative
       | importance of the two directions in which causation could run?
        
       | montag wrote:
       | If anyone from APA.org is listening, this website is really bad
       | on mobile
        
       | andai wrote:
       | I wonder about the cognitive and mental health correlates of
       | living in a world that no longer makes any sense.
       | 
       | I remember 10 years ago watching a documentary about the previous
       | ten years explaining how we we had moved into a post meaning
       | world, and how this was being weaponized by various interests.
       | 
       | That time seems positively quaint to me now!
       | 
       | I was reading a book from the 1960s, and it was talking about how
       | the world is too complicated now and moving too fast.
       | 
       | And of course if you read books from the late 19th century they
       | say the exact same thing...
       | 
       | https://xkcd.com/1227/
        
         | tclancy wrote:
         | Yeah, I remember reading an issue of Planetary from about (GOD
         | HELP US!) two decades ago where the plot involved baddies who
         | had invaded a fictional universe. In the time since then, I
         | went from thinking "What a crazy idea for a plot" to "Hmm, I
         | can see what inspired that" to "Jesus wept. People can
         | basically choose to do this now. And they vote!"
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | The interesting part here is what they carve out - they _don 't_
       | see impacts on body image or self esteem. These are classic
       | effects identified as negative impacts of social media in
       | general. It it would be really interesting if somehow SFV format
       | prevents their impact.
       | 
       | My guess: the SFV they are talking about is generally just fully
       | attention baiting and _not_ from peers or others that people feel
       | are  "comparable". If you don't feel the source or the subject of
       | the video is comparable to you, then there's no compulsion to
       | reference it in a judgemental way against your own circumstances.
       | 
       | But I bet if you did just focus on SFV from eg: friends or peers,
       | you'd be right back to self esteem and body image impacts again.
        
       | westbywest wrote:
       | The "Vintage Space" channel host Amy Shira Teitel recently posted
       | this long form video expressing her frustration with YT so
       | heavily incentivizing SVT with its creators. She goes into
       | considerable detail about the intentionally addictive nature of
       | the format, and how it clashes with her own publishing process.
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FRHHD3F2gM
        
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