[HN Gopher] Pozsar's Bretton Woods III: Sometimes Money Can't So...
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       Pozsar's Bretton Woods III: Sometimes Money Can't Solve the Problem
        
       Author : 7777777phil
       Score  : 34 points
       Date   : 2025-11-19 19:39 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (philippdubach.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (philippdubach.com)
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Key quote: "Pozsar's argument: the moment Western nations froze
       | Russian foreign exchange reserves, the assumed risk-free nature
       | of these dollar holdings changed fundamentally. What had been
       | viewed as having negligible credit risk suddenly carried
       | confiscation risk. For any country potentially facing future
       | sanctions, the calculus of holding large dollar reserve positions
       | shifted."
       | 
       | My only critique here is that Russia is an outlier, along with
       | China, because they both hold large dollar reserves _and_ have a
       | contentious relationship with the US. You have to go pretty far
       | down the list to find another nation that is likely to face US
       | sanctions - and those nations, like Libya and Iran, are already
       | heavily sanctioned!
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | the set of US adversaries is not presently shrinking, to put it
         | mildly
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | >and have a contentious relationship with the US
         | 
         | I sort of feel many countries that used to not have a
         | contentious relationship with the US have one now and thus the
         | observation of outlier status doesn't really work anymore.
        
         | alex_c wrote:
         | Normally that would be a fair point (and maybe it was valid in
         | 2022).
         | 
         | But given the US approach to foreign policy in 2025, one could
         | argue that the list of countries that "have a contentious
         | relationship with the US" (or, maybe more accurately, the other
         | way around) is a lot longer and less clear-cut today than it
         | was a few years ago.
        
         | brazukadev wrote:
         | Brazil and India and are actually already being targeted by the
         | current administration
        
       | bfg_9k wrote:
       | Awesome read. I always love Poszar's work, it's a shame that
       | these days he's no longer working at CS - since most of his work
       | is now stuck behind a paywall.
        
       | RA_Fisher wrote:
       | Pozsar assigns far too much weight to Russia. It's an
       | economically small country. He should be focused a lot more on
       | large American companies that carry actual heft.
        
         | Archelaos wrote:
         | According to the article, Russia is just a precursor: "What had
         | been viewed as having negligible credit risk suddenly carried
         | confiscation risk. For any country potentially facing future
         | sanctions, the calculus of holding large dollar reserve
         | positions shifted." -- So the question is: what share of the
         | global economy do these countries represent? If China is among
         | them, this share is considerable.
        
       | doctorpangloss wrote:
       | this is a really good article. it makes none of the mistakes of
       | thinking Bretton Woods I was a political choice (it uses the
       | words "collapse") while separating the difference of the
       | financial inevitabilities and political agencies in so called
       | Bretton Woods III (that elected leaders do indeed have a choice
       | to withhold funds from Russia, but on the other hand, there are
       | inevitable financial & economic effects to war, like having to
       | commit more money for credit of shipping oil).
       | 
       | someone on here is saying that Russia is an "economically small
       | country." This is like saying the learning loss during COVID was
       | "not very big." You are not appreciating the consequences of how
       | big of a deal war and pulling kids out of school are, all the
       | same.
        
       | treis wrote:
       | IMHO the fundamental problem is that the world wanted dollars so
       | they gave the US gold or stuff for those dollars. If that flow
       | ever reverses then there's problems. Bretton woods solved the
       | gold issue. The plaza accords solved it when Japan was the
       | problem.
       | 
       | Today the solution is that foreign countries but government debt.
       | That will last as long as everyone is willing to roll it over.
       | It's not clear how or why that stops. But if/when it does it's
       | not going to involve the US sending out trillions worth of stuff
        
         | panick21 wrote:
         | No the fundamental problems was the econmists at the time
         | believe in fixed exchange rates and that's why the got suckered
         | into Bretton woods despite it being a crappy deal, specially
         | for Britain. I didn't help that the American at the meeting was
         | a Soviet spy who wanted to destroy Britain.
         | 
         | And Bretton woods solved nothing at all, it was a system that
         | took a very long to implment, much longer then people think and
         | was unstable almost as soon as it was implemented.
        
       | gpjanik wrote:
       | "Pozsar's argument: the moment Western nations froze Russian
       | foreign exchange reserves, the assumed risk-free nature of these
       | dollar holdings changed fundamentally. What had been viewed as
       | having negligible credit risk suddenly carried confiscation
       | risk."
       | 
       | This has nothing to do with dollar. Almost all of the confiscated
       | currency was in Europe, and it has to do with invading your
       | bank's ally. No country in the world ever assumed that's risk
       | free, it wasn't being priced back then and isn't now, because
       | nobody except from Russia is stupid enough to do that.
        
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       (page generated 2025-11-19 23:00 UTC)