[HN Gopher] Court settlement calls for NPR to get $36M to operat...
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       Court settlement calls for NPR to get $36M to operate US public
       radio system
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2025-11-18 18:19 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (apnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (apnews.com)
        
       | giancarlostoro wrote:
       | Call me ignorant but isn't it drastically cheaper to run an
       | internet radio station? Then let others, including other radio
       | stations repeat your internet stream over radio. I'm genuinely
       | curious.
        
         | floatrock wrote:
         | What happens when a major CDN goes out? Or, god forbid, a major
         | datacenter region has a DNS blip that apparently 1/3 of the
         | internet depends on?
         | 
         | Or, what if a hurricane or ice storm knocks out some internet
         | connectivity? That would be a time when you really want to
         | broadcast a message to anyone with a cheap fm/am radio.
         | 
         | Cheaper isn't always the metric here.
        
           | giancarlostoro wrote:
           | CDN? for internet radio? Internet radio predates all that.
        
             | floatrock wrote:
             | Predates, sure.
             | 
             | Is affected by? No idea, but I'm sure there's some
             | cloudflare rep convincing you that you need cloudflare to
             | make sure your high-availability stream stays highly
             | available when just yesterday azure got a ddos measured
             | with Tbs. Just not today... today those cloudflare reps
             | happen to be busy.
             | 
             | Point is, radio comms serve a public utility that often is
             | a Plan-B if internet links go down. Multicast it onto your
             | podcatcher of choice, sure, but don't make that your
             | backbone.
        
         | E39M5S62 wrote:
         | I'm curious too. As a complete outsider to that problem space,
         | it seems like a lot of the tech was designed/created in an era
         | before wide-spread broadband and internet-based content
         | distribution. I'm sure a lot of it is simply that new hardware
         | from that vendor is largely a drop-in replacement for each
         | station, so there's no need to re-engineer their broadcast
         | booth.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | I guess HN is the new Reddit. Downvotes, not a single response.
         | You can do better, HN.
        
           | tb_technical wrote:
           | Some equipment is drop in - hooking up an audio output to a
           | keyed radio is only occasionally difficult. You see a lot of
           | these solutions in the HAM radio space.
           | 
           | The actual radio equipment is a tad more sophisticated - and
           | in poor areas (where it's barely hanging on) is held together
           | with spit, glue, and prayers (exaggeration, joke, but aspects
           | of it are true).
           | 
           | Believe it or not, the RF cables are (in many cases) more
           | expensive than the radios themselves.
           | 
           | Background: Computer systems, radio systems, General class
           | HAM, but certainly not an expert.
        
           | jasonlotito wrote:
           | Please don't comment about the voting on comments. It never
           | does any good, and it makes boring reading.
           | 
           | Please don't post comments saying that HN is turning into
           | Reddit. It's a semi-noob illusion, as old as the hills.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | Stealthisbook wrote:
         | The justification for many of these stations is emergency
         | preparedness. They're maintained for the ability to receive and
         | transmit emergency alerts despite power outages or transmission
         | line cuts. The daily programming is mostly incidental beyond
         | maintaining listenership
        
           | frugalmail wrote:
           | The burden on taxpayers would be significantly less if it was
           | strictly satellite coverage for use during emergencies.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | The burden on taxpayers would be significantly less if the
             | government simply paid to run the system rather than
             | additionally funding two sets of attorneys to duke it out
             | in court to make an out of control executive actually
             | execute the law. It's getting harder and harder to believe
             | that this fascist movement was ever earnestly about saving
             | money.
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | What reason would people have for maintaining equipment
             | capable of receiving radio though?
        
               | tb_technical wrote:
               | Same reason communities still maintain HAM radio clubs
               | and rely on them for emergency communications in a grid
               | down situation - it's an interesting (though expensive)
               | hobby that has some merit for isolated communities.
        
             | iso1631 wrote:
             | The cost is having the satellite systems in place, working,
             | and available. You don't save money by not using the tiny
             | amount of bandwidth when it isn't "an emergency"
        
         | ndiddy wrote:
         | The stations that rely on CPB funding as a main source of
         | income are the "others" who repeat the NPR content over the
         | radio. They're tiny stations (typically 1-2 full-time
         | employees) that mainly serve communities where internet
         | streaming is not a viable option due to spotty cell coverage.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | Also, receiving internet service requires some kind of paid
           | monthly plan. The cheapest plans have very low data caps.
           | Streaming audio over them is much less practical for the end
           | users than having a simple radio receiver. Radio waves also
           | propagate further than cell broadcasts.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | The US is pretty large, and has large areas without reliable
         | cellular or wired Internet connections. Public radio ensures
         | accessibility in those areas.
        
           | almosthere wrote:
           | I wonder if we should just pass a bill that requires Starlink
           | or Amazon Leo to use 0.5% of their bandwidth for low quality
           | (but higher than radio) free access to Inet Radio streams in
           | some special way. Then start building out the infra in
           | vehicles.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | There are plenty of places in the US that don't have
             | reliable satellite access either (not because of orbital
             | coverage, but because of geographic features like
             | mountains/deep valleys).
             | 
             | (And these aren't remote/unpopulated areas: you can find
             | plenty of satellite dead zones 2-3 hours outside of NYC in
             | the Catskills.)
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | Honestly curious: how many of those satellite dead-zones
               | have good radio coverage? In my various times driving
               | places, I've often lost radio signal in a sufficiently
               | remote place where I 100% would have had satellite
               | coverage. Those same features that can block satellite
               | will also block (some kinds of) radio, if you don't have
               | a broadcast tower at the top of the ridge or something.
               | 
               | Yes, I agree that satellite coverage is not 100%. But
               | neither is radio.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | It's definitely a mixed bag, but the areas I'm thinking
               | of have decent FM radio coverage (from local stations
               | that affiliate with public radio). AM coverage tends to
               | be good regardless.
               | 
               | I've had the same experience as you around remote places,
               | but those places were generally the flat-and-desolate
               | kind :-)
        
               | slumberlust wrote:
               | Most towns have the repeater(s). They are cheap and easy
               | to maintain.
        
               | mrandish wrote:
               | > because of geographic features like mountains/deep
               | valleys
               | 
               | I remember this being quite an issue trying to target
               | geosync broadcast satellites like DirectTV/Dish. Even
               | being in the shadow of a relatively small hill could
               | block access if your location and local topology happened
               | to create an unfortunate alignment. I've naively assumed
               | Starlink's rotating constellation of thousands of LEO
               | satellites reduces how often this is an issue - but maybe
               | it doesn't?
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Starlink has other issues. I have locations in London I
               | can get to specific geostationary satellites, but can't
               | use starlink there as there isn't much sky coverage
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | Seems like a really expensive solution to an already-solved
             | problem.
        
             | fckgw wrote:
             | Or we just continue to use the infrastructure that we
             | already have and works?
        
               | almosthere wrote:
               | Because... it does not work, I want 100% access to any
               | audio stream. I get garbled crap on terrestrial.
        
           | jtbayly wrote:
           | This doesn't answer the question. Why not use the internet to
           | get the radio _to_ those stations?
        
             | mig39 wrote:
             | Isn't that what they do now? They describe a lot of the IP-
             | based transmission stuff in the link.
        
             | esseph wrote:
             | This is ironic because it may be _radios_ delivering
             | internet to those stations.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | I don't think the distribution of the signal to the
             | transmitters is the problem here.
        
         | jcrawfordor wrote:
         | A major reason for the enduring use of satellite in radio
         | distribution is that, for live events like sports or (more
         | common in NPR's case) political events, the satellite system
         | provides appreciably lower latency than distribution over the
         | internet. Reduced jitter also allows for generally higher
         | reliability, you never hear the radio station buffering. There
         | are options for low-latency land-based connectivity but at the
         | scale of PRSS, the satellite system is cheaper to operate.
         | 
         | Most stations can also receive this programming over the
         | internet, another reason for the satellite system is that it
         | provides a completely redundant path for programming delivery.
         | This is important for general reliability but especially so in
         | an emergency.
         | 
         | Historically, radio networks distributed their programming over
         | leased telephone lines. Satellite took over because it was
         | cheaper. That gap has probably narrowed as terrestrial
         | communications infrastructure continues to expand, but the
         | internet struggles with low-latency real-time media, and an
         | arrangement like leased fiber wavelengths to member stations
         | would still be more expensive than the satellite system.
         | There's a lot of member stations in a lot of places, satellite
         | reaches all of them at once.
        
           | dtgriscom wrote:
           | > the satellite system provides appreciably lower latency
           | than distribution over the internet
           | 
           | Is that true? Round trip to/from geostationary satellites is
           | about 240ms.
           | 
           | And, with most stations using HD encoding, which adds 8
           | seconds to the transmission delay, any network latency isn't
           | going to be that important anyway.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | Not during a major earthquake or hurricane.
        
       | mikeyouse wrote:
       | The system in question is actually pretty interesting from a tech
       | standpoint;
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Radio_Satellite_System
       | 
       | > _In 2007, the SOSS was retired for the newest and current
       | system of the PRSS, the ContentDepot. The ContentDepot no longer
       | uses linear feeds of SCPC-based digital audio bitstreams like the
       | SOSS. Instead, it uses a dedicated TCP /IP-based one-way
       | connection uplinked via satellite from PRSS, which is received by
       | a storage receiver (a combination satellite data receiver & file
       | server) manufactured by International Datacasting [5]. Program
       | feeds are requested and set up at a special internet-accessible
       | web site (known as the ContentDepot Portal) that member stations
       | can log on to, where they can subscribe to specific programs and
       | live feeds. The subscribed programs are then delivered via
       | satellite as a file transfer to the storage receiver in the form
       | of MP2-encoded ACM-based WAV files, which then can be imported
       | into a station's automation and/or playback system._
       | 
       | > _Live feeds are sent in the ContentDepot system as streaming
       | MP2 audio, sent over the same satellite transponder, but as an IP
       | multicast stream (as opposed to a file transfer for pre-recorded
       | programs) which is decoded by a special streaming audio receiver
       | (called a stream decoder) set to the IP multicast addresses
       | assigned for live audio streams on the satellite transponder used
       | by ContentDepot._
       | 
       | > _The newest generation of ContentDepot hardware for the PRSS,
       | as of 2014 and also manufactured by International Datacasting, is
       | a special version custom-manufactured for PRSS of their
       | commercially available "Superflex Pro Audio" receiver. It
       | combines both the stream decoder for live programming and storage
       | receiver for pre-recorded programming in one rack-mounted system,
       | in previous comparison to separate units for live decoding and
       | program storage respectively with the introduction of
       | ContentDepot._
       | 
       | > _Some components of the previous SOSS still are in use in the
       | ContentDepot era: one of the ABR-700 demods (as well as the
       | downconverter) is still used by NPR as a "squawk box" for verbal
       | announcements regarding programming to NPR stations_
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | > TCP/IP-based one-way
         | 
         | What would it mean to have one-way communication over TCP?
         | Don't you need to send the acknowledgements back?
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | Good catch, I think the article needs a fix. As I read it, at
           | the edges, everything is TCP/IP. Over satellite, IP multicast
           | (UDP) is used for live audio, and unidirectional file
           | broadcast (using a proprietary protocol with inline forward
           | error correction) for program files.
        
           | tb_technical wrote:
           | Normally, yes.
           | 
           | In the case where you don't expect a response, you can still
           | rely on the rudimentary error checking of TCP (checksum and
           | sequence numbers) to detect when damaged or dropped - but
           | this smells like a custom implementation of the protocol.
           | 
           | But this is a scientific wild ass guess.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | Note that the CPB probably won't exist anymore in three years,
       | for next renewal.
       | 
       | And because of congressional action not executive, so probably
       | legal.
       | 
       | > The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the conduit for
       | federal funds to NPR and PBS, announced on Friday that it is
       | beginning to wind down its operations given President Trump has
       | signed a law clawing back $1.1 billion in funding for public
       | broadcasting through fiscal year 2027.
       | 
       | > The announcement follows a largely party-line vote last month
       | that approved the cuts to public broadcasting as part of a $9
       | billion rescissions package requested by the White House that
       | also included cuts to foreign aid. While public media officials
       | had held a glimmer of hope that lawmakers would restore some of
       | the money for the following budget year, the Senate
       | Appropriations Committee declined to do that on Thursday.
       | 
       | https://www.npr.org/2025/08/01/nx-s1-5489808/cpb-shut-down-p...
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Let's hope the midterms changes enough of Congress to make it
         | more sensible.
        
       | JadoJodo wrote:
       | As someone who grew up hearing pledge drives every few months on
       | (ad-free) Christian radio: Would that be an option to fund NPR?
       | Surely those who want to listen/watch/support would donate
       | regularly.
        
         | kej wrote:
         | Every local public radio affiliate station already does this.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | Public Radio is already famous for their pledge drives with
         | their tote bags.
        
         | DerekL wrote:
         | Half of NPR's revenue comes from payments from stations to run
         | their programs, and most of the rest comes from individuals,
         | businesses, and foundations. Those public radio stations are
         | also mostly funded by listeners and donors.
         | 
         | Also, this isn't relevant anyway, because the article is about
         | a dispute about a particular program that NPR was running.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | How on earth does it cost this much?? This could be done for like
       | $5k/month on even the most expensive of AWS setups if you weren't
       | pinching pennies.
        
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