[HN Gopher] The time has finally come for geothermal energy
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The time has finally come for geothermal energy
        
       https://archive.ph/CR2KL
        
       Author : riordan
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2025-11-17 13:55 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://archive.today/CR2KL
        
       | hodgehog11 wrote:
       | I've always been curious why a cost-effective widespread
       | implementation of geothermal energy has never been considered a
       | holy grail of energy production, at least not in the public
       | debate. Much of the discussion is so focussed on nuclear fusion,
       | which seems so much harder and less likely to be reliable.
        
         | xienze wrote:
         | Probably because not everywhere on earth has the same easy
         | access that Iceland has. The article mentions this:
         | 
         | > There aren't gates of Hell just anywhere. A kilometre below
         | ground in Kamchatka is considerably hotter than a kilometre
         | below ground in Kansas. There is also readily accessible
         | geothermal energy in Kenya (where it provides almost fifty per
         | cent of the country's energy), New Zealand (about twenty per
         | cent), and the Philippines (about fifteen per cent)--all
         | volcanic areas along tectonic rifts. But in less Hadean
         | landscapes the costs and uncertainties of drilling deep in
         | search of sufficient heat have curtailed development.
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | I think it mainly depends on how easy it is to access that
         | energy. I went to Tuscany last year and to my surprise there
         | were geothermal plants everywhere. I have never heard about
         | these plants beforehand, but here they are in Italy quietly
         | powering the countryside and heating greenhouses to grow basil
         | all year around.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Drilling is one of those things which used to be extremely
         | expensive but has very gradually come down in price. Thanks,
         | ironically, to the oil industry. It's unsexy because there's no
         | "silver bullet" waiting in the wings.
         | 
         | It's also quite hard to find suitably hot rocks suitably close
         | to the surface.
         | 
         | Focusing on fusion .. I think that's a legacy of 60s SF, when
         | the fission revolution was still promising "energy too cheap to
         | meter".
        
           | tastyfreeze wrote:
           | Plasma drilling is a recent development that looks promising
           | for unlocking deeper wells for geothermal.
        
             | rini17 wrote:
             | Remains to be seen, it has serious trouble with water
             | getting into the borehole.
        
           | hodgehog11 wrote:
           | Many others here have talked about the difficulties of
           | geothermal, which doesn't really get to the heart of my
           | question: why the lack of hype around breaking down those
           | difficulties? I appreciate that you took the time to comment
           | on why it isn't so sexy, the SF argument probably has a lot
           | to do with it.
        
           | buu700 wrote:
           | To be fair, that promise of fission made sense from a purely
           | scientific and mathematical perspective, before running into
           | the practical realities of how its externalities interact
           | with real-world politics. Fission is expensive because in
           | practice it turns out we care quite a lot about proper waste
           | management, non-proliferation, and meltdown prevention.
           | 
           | In a world where anyone could just YOLO any reactor into
           | production with minimal red tape, consequences be damned,
           | fission energy would actually be extremely cheap. Hence the
           | optimism around fusion. The promise of fusion is an
           | actualization of last century's idealistic conception of
           | fission. It can be a silver bullet for all intents and
           | purposes, at least once it's established with a mature supply
           | chain.
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | I fully understand that waste management of fission
             | reactors is a Very Big Deal. But I still stand behind the
             | argument that opposing nuclear power in the 70s and onward
             | is possibly the biggest own goal the environmental movement
             | has ever achieved.
             | 
             | At worst, nuclear waste contaminates a discrete section of
             | the Earth. Climate change affects literally everywhere. The
             | correct answer would have been to aggressively roll out
             | fission power 40-50 years ago and then pursue renewables.
             | You can argue that other solutions would make fission power
             | obsolete, but we would have been in a much better spot if
             | it'd at least been a stepping stone off fossil fuels.
             | Instead, we have 40-50 years of shrieking and FUD from
             | environmentalists over an issue that can be kept under
             | control with proper regulation. The US Navy has operated
             | reactors for over 60 years without incident, proving it can
             | be done with proper oversight.
             | 
             | TL;DR nuclear has issues, but I'd take it over coal every
             | day and twice on Sundays, at least until something better
             | can scale.
        
               | buu700 wrote:
               | I agree. I think the correct environmentalist position at
               | that time wouldn't have been to oppose nuclear, but to
               | advocate for improvements, streamlined approvals of
               | improved designs, and public investment or incentives.
               | 
               | I wasn't really commenting on the merits of 20th century
               | environmentalist movements, more raising the general
               | point that fission power has inherent costs which weren't
               | reflected by narrow 1950s analyses of how much energy was
               | extractable from U-235. Operation of a fission plant
               | requires much more capex and opex than it would if we
               | didn't care about cleanliness (waste management),
               | security (fissile material theft prevention), or safety
               | (meltdown prevention).
               | 
               | Fusion power is more complex to invent and practically
               | depends on modern technologies that didn't exist 50 years
               | ago, but once the first demonstration plants are
               | operational, marginal costs to deploy and operate more
               | should be much lower and ultimately become very low at
               | scale.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | A lot of housing politics from 'old school'
               | environmentalist groups are a pretty big own goal as
               | well.
               | 
               | Denser urban living is pretty energy efficient, and
               | forcing lengthy commutes on people because of NIMBYism is
               | a huge waste.
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | People want houses. Planners can either yell and stomp
               | their feet about this or adapt to circumstances. It's
               | like electric cars. People want cars. Better they have
               | the ability to have an electric SUV or pickup, because if
               | you try to force them into little tiny econoboxes or
               | lecture them about how they should really be using mass
               | transit, they're just going to flip you the bird and walk
               | away.
               | 
               | Similarly, better to have people be able to have
               | reasonably energy-efficient houses than demanding they
               | all live in apartments.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | People want a place to call home. Those come in many
               | shapes and sizes. Denser living does not mean a smaller
               | living space. By building 'up', you can provide both.
               | 
               | The only ones demanding anything are those who show up to
               | try and stop apartments.
        
               | spankalee wrote:
               | Allowing people to live in apartments is not demanding
               | that they do.
               | 
               | Reversing the downzoning of the 70s - 00s is about
               | allowing construction in cities again.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | "People want houses."
               | 
               | (Source needed.)
               | 
               | Plenty of people in dense urban areas are happy with
               | living in an apartment and, where I live, buying a condo
               | in the city is at least as frequent as buying a house 20
               | km away from it for the same price.
               | 
               | Living in suburbia has its downsides - long commute, very
               | limited entertainment and cultural possibilities, very
               | limited choice in schools. Not everyone loves cutting the
               | lawn etc. either, I surely don't.
               | 
               | Of course, a lot depends on factors such as "is the
               | transport authority willing to make public transport
               | actually safe and nice". That requires keeping raving
               | drugged lunatics out of it, plus paying enough money for
               | it. AFAIK in the US, Republicans have an ideological
               | problem with the "paying money for it" part and the
               | Democrats have an ideological problem with the
               | "suppressing antisocial behavior in it" part.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | People want houses, but absolutely hate other people
               | having houses.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Back then, it affected everyone in two ways, which were
               | the things Greenpeace campaigned against: nuclear
               | weapons, especially overland testing, and dumping waste
               | at sea.
               | 
               | Chernobyl took out Welsh farming for years, and in a few
               | places decades, because it spread a thin layer of
               | bioaccumulative poison over the whole of Europe.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | > Drilling is one of those things which used to be extremely
           | expensive but has very gradually come down in price. Thanks,
           | ironically, to the oil industry. It's unsexy because there's
           | no "silver bullet" waiting in the wings. It's also quite hard
           | to find suitably hot rocks suitably close to the surface.
           | 
           | That's basically it. Most geothermal plants today are in
           | locations where there are hot rocks, maybe geysers, close to
           | the surface. "Deep geothermal" gets talked about, because
           | temperatures high enough for steam are available almost
           | everywhere if you can drill 3,000 meters down. There are very
           | few wells in the world that deep, not counting horizontal
           | drilling runs.
           | 
           | The economics are iffy. You drill one of the most expensive
           | wells ever drilled, and you get a medium-pressure steam line.
           | Average output is tens of megawatts.[1]
           | 
           | [1] https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/GeoConf/papers/SGW/202
           | 0/A...
        
             | hluska wrote:
             | The economics change when you're in oil country. My
             | beautiful little province has oil wells drilled between 250
             | and 2900 metres. Due to corporate 'issues' many of these
             | wells are orphaned and remediation becomes a provincial
             | problem. With deep holes and provincially owned electricity
             | and gas companies, geothermal makes more economic sense;
             | it's robbing a benefit from a big cost centre.
             | 
             | I went to high school with two guys who are working on
             | geothermal as a means to remediate orphan wells. I'm biased
             | in their favour, but the numbers make a lot of sense.
        
         | polotics wrote:
         | There have been numerous trials that had to be stopped because
         | of the triggered earthquakes... Geothermal is not so easy.
        
           | microtherion wrote:
           | Was going to mention that point:
           | http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/knowledge/geothermal-energy-
           | ear...
           | 
           | The worst earthquake that was induced that way was 3.5, but
           | given that one of the quakes happened in an area that had a
           | catastrophic earthquake in the Middle Ages, some caution
           | might be warranted:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1356_Basel_earthquake
        
         | fuoqi wrote:
         | Because unless you sit on top of a volcano, amount of renewable
         | geothermal energy is minuscule. In most places on Earth it's
         | somewhere around 40 mW/m2 (i.e. accounting for conversion
         | losses you need to capture heat from ~500 m2 to renewably power
         | one LED light bulb!). In other words, in most places geothermal
         | plant acts more like a limited battery powered by hot rock, so
         | unless drilling is extremely cheap, it does not make economic
         | sense compared to other energy sources.
        
           | piva00 wrote:
           | I think OP meant technology for drilling becoming cheaper
           | rather than the near-surface availability of it.
        
           | dns_snek wrote:
           | > In most places on Earth it's somewhere around 40 mW/m2
           | (i.e. accounting for conversion losses you need to capture
           | heat from ~500 m2 to renewably power one LED light bulb!)
           | 
           | Ground-source heat pumps extract about 1000 times more power
           | from ground loops, where does the difference come from?
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | A number of sources. Often the air above - ground source
             | relies on the ground being the average temperature of the
             | year round air once you get deep. They also tend to run in
             | heating mode half the year, and cooling mode the other
             | half.
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | There is a crazy amount of energy available everywhere but it
         | is not in the interest of the very powerful very wealthy
         | existing players. This isn't some grand CONSPIRACY. For example
         | oil companies may construct energy investment portfolios that
         | would quite sensibly acquire promising energy related research.
         | They do a simple cost benefit analysis then chose to modestly
         | further research it or shelve it. They turn it into valuable
         | pieces of paper that accumulate value over time. What is there
         | for them not to like about it?
         | 
         | I like how David Hamel put it: We live in this thin sliver on
         | the surface of the planet where it is reasonably peaceful. This
         | is the tranquility! It's a good thing! If you go up or down by
         | a mere few miles there is so much energy it kills you.
        
         | nickcw wrote:
         | Why not is explained in David McKay's book Sustainable Energy -
         | without the hot air
         | 
         | https://www.withouthotair.com/c16/page_96.shtml
         | 
         | The problems are that rock isn't a good conductor of heat, so
         | once you've cooled a bit down, you have to wait for it to warm
         | up. Warming only happens very slowly at the rate of < 50mW / m2
         | which limits the amount of power you can get out.
        
           | hodgehog11 wrote:
           | That's a really good point, and it does take the wind out of
           | the sails. Isn't it possible that eventually we could drill
           | deeper?
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | Couldn't you frac the rock like they do with oil and gas
           | drilling or have a branching borehole?
        
         | hackeraccount wrote:
         | Harder absolutely but "less likely to be reliable"?
         | 
         | If economically viable fusion was "cracked" what would the
         | nature of it's unreliability even be?
        
           | hcknwscommenter wrote:
           | all the machinery used to obtain and maintain an economically
           | viable fusion reaction. Having worked with particle
           | accelerators and synchrotron rings, I'll tell you that stuff
           | breaks down all the time.
        
         | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
         | Power flow is in general very low - ca 50-60 mW/sq.m
        
         | roadside_picnic wrote:
         | > a holy grail of energy production
         | 
         | Since you're comparing it to nuclear, I'm assuming you mean
         | _electricity_ production here, not energy production?
         | 
         | It's always worth remembering that _electricity_ only accounts
         | for ~20% of global _energy_ consumption (in the US it 's closer
         | to 33%).
         | 
         | I suspect people confuse these two because in a _residential_
         | context electricity plays a huge part of our energy usage, but
         | as a whole it 's a smaller part of total energy usage than most
         | people imagine.
         | 
         | But any serious discussion of renewable _energy_ should be
         | careful not to make this very significant error.
         | 
         | The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory publishes a great
         | diagram of US energy use:
         | https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/sites/flowcharts/files/2024-12/e...
        
           | jimbokun wrote:
           | What does "Rejected Energy" mean in that graph?
           | 
           | Great chart, by the way.
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | Rejected energy means energy that is lost as waste heat
             | without performing any work first. For example, a coal
             | fired power plant may generate 3 megajoules of thermal
             | energy from coal combustion but only deliver 1 megajoule of
             | it as electricity. The other 2 megajoules are lost as
             | useless waste heat.
             | 
             | The 1 megajoule of useful electricity is also ultimately
             | dissipated as low grade heat, but it can do work first
             | (like generating light, or pumping water uphill).
        
             | floatrock wrote:
             | Only about 30% of the _energy_ in gasoline is converted to
             | useful work in a gasoline car (the  'make metal box go
             | forward' part). The remaining 70% is Rejected Energy (the
             | steam you see going out the tail pipe in winter).
             | 
             | Which (not sure if you did this intentionally or
             | accidentally) brings up an interesting point on the parent
             | comment and the LLNL sankey:
             | 
             | > It's always worth remembering that electricity only
             | accounts for ~20% of global energy consumption (in the US
             | it's closer to 33%).
             | 
             | That "global energy consumption" figure includes _a lot_ of
             | Rejected Energy going out tailpipes and smoke stacks
             | turning burnables into electricity. A secret bonus of wind
             | and solar is if you produce electricity without burning
             | things, you actually _decrease_ the energy demand! If you
             | 're not losing 70% of your energy consumption to the
             | Rejected category, you suddenly need a lot less total
             | energy.
        
             | hluska wrote:
             | I live in a part of the world that is far below freezing
             | for a significant portion of the year. Thus a large portion
             | of my annual energy usage goes into not freezing to death.
             | 
             | When I drive my daughter to school when it's -40 fucking
             | degrees, a lot of the energy I use goes into heating my
             | vehicle, swearing, moving and swearing. But this energy
             | also leaks through my windshield, through my exhaust system
             | and through my engine. This energy (heat) doesn't provide
             | any benefit to anyone and just leaks out into the
             | atmosphere (which we've already established is trying to
             | kill me).
             | 
             | That's rejected energy. Or when it's below -40, rejected
             | motherfucking energy. :)
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | A IC car's heating system normally taps into the engine's
               | cooling system, so that heat is mostly free. In a pinch
               | you can actually turn the heater on full to help cool the
               | radiator.
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | At home I use 15,000kWh of oil for heating each year (about
           | 10kWh per litre, 1500 litres), and 8,000kWh of electricity
           | (we use a lot more than the average household). For driving
           | that's another 5000kWh a year if at 4 miles per kWh.
           | 
           | So even in a residential context, electricity is only about
           | 1/4 of the demand. Across the whole country it's less than
           | 300TWh out of 1500TWh, under 20%.
           | 
           | That excludes "imported energy" though, as in goods which
           | used energy to make but were then imported.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | It always has been. Our problem is switching over existing
       | infrastructure without asinine complainers ruining the
       | revolution. We can't even declare total victory with LED bulbs
       | over incandescent. The war to have solar plants over more coal is
       | falling back to coal thanks mostly to AI. Pushback on geothermal
       | will arrive, I guarantee it.
        
         | velcrovan wrote:
         | > falling back to coal thanks mostly to AI
         | 
         | citation needed
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | https://fortune.com/2025/08/31/ai-data-center-boom-old-
           | coal-...
        
           | driggs wrote:
           | There is an enormous push to build and power data centers in
           | the DC / Northern Virginia region, and there's legislation in
           | West Virginia right now requiring all coal-fired power plants
           | to operate at at least 69% capacity at all times to support
           | it.
           | 
           | > "West Virginia has numerous coal plants that have powered
           | this country for decades. We need these plants to remain
           | operational," [WV Governor] Morrisey said. "... We will never
           | turn our backs on our existing coal plants and we will work
           | with the federal government to pursue new coal-fired
           | generation."
           | 
           | https://westvirginiawatch.com/2025/09/11/morrisey-shares-
           | new...
           | 
           | https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/data-center-
           | bi...
           | 
           | https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?bil.
           | ..
        
             | dalyons wrote:
             | The only way new coal plants get built from today on is
             | with massive lifetime subsidies, because they are
             | uncompetitive. Ie, if they get built it's for dumb politics
             | not economics
        
             | Maken wrote:
             | That sounds like they want to subsidize the coal industry.
             | AI is just the excuse.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | > The war to have solar plants over more coal is falling back
         | to coal thanks mostly to AI.
         | 
         | Also, due to solar not panning out at scale.[1]
         | 
         | More seriously, coal is just cheaper and, with incentives being
         | removed for green energy, it's the cheapest and fastest option
         | to deploy. It's dead simple and well understood reliable power.
         | 
         | [1]https://apnews.com/article/california-solar-energy-
         | ivanpah-b...
        
           | outside1234 wrote:
           | The example you chose is of a mirror based Solar system,
           | which yes, is an obsolete technology.
           | 
           | Direct solar continues to be installed at greater amounts
           | every year and coal is economically uncompetitive with basic
           | anything (which is why it is collapsing), and especially
           | against natural gas.
        
             | glenstein wrote:
             | You're exactly right and it raises a question for me. Why
             | do energy generation topics bring people out of the
             | woodworks who cite some very idiosycratic one-off and use
             | it to make out-of-proportion declarations about the utility
             | of a given technology? This is the second one I've seen
             | suggesting solar is doomed when they mean mirrors.
             | 
             | On twitter I saw someone claim PV is useless for heat
             | because non-PV solar water heating is just so much more
             | efficient. Not even true (I think it's a approximately a
             | wash, different advantages in different applications), but
             | very strangely in the weeds on a specific topic. Much too
             | narrow a factual context to substantiate general level
             | claims about solar as an energy writ large.
             | 
             | I think for whatever reason the missing the forest for the
             | trees trap is really potent in energy discussions.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > Why do energy generation topics bring people out of the
               | woodworks who cite some very idiosycratic one-off and use
               | it to make out-of-proportion declarations about the
               | utility of a given technology?
               | 
               | They either have only read propaganda pieces from fossil
               | fuel producers or are trying to create some of those.
               | 
               | I would expect the number of people that honestly don't
               | know anything but propaganda to be way higher than the
               | number of people creating propaganda. But there's
               | probably a selection bias due to HN being a somewhat
               | large site with some influence on SEO and AI training.
        
           | dalyons wrote:
           | Wild take. New coal is not cheaper. There have been no new
           | coal plants built in the US since 2013.
           | 
           | That solar plant you linked is an obsolete experimental
           | technology. Obsolete because regular PV became so much
           | cheaper.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | > New coal is not cheaper.
             | 
             | I see yow it can read that way but it isn't what I said.
             | Coal plants exist, either shuttered or running low loads
             | due to financial incentives (not favoring them).
             | 
             | Studies show solar is cheaper but businesses continue to
             | choose coal. I think the entity who's entire existence
             | depends on them making the correct financial choice is a
             | much better indicator of economic reality than a study made
             | by people who have zero stake (at best) in the game.
             | 
             | I'm all for green energy but I also don't think people are
             | stupid.
        
         | quacked wrote:
         | > We can't even declare total victory with LED bulbs over
         | incandescent.
         | 
         | The LED bulbs I have access to (whatever's in the aisles at
         | Home Depot, Costco, etc.) fail much more frequently than the
         | incandescent bulbs I used to buy, and produce an uglier light
         | that is less warm even on the softest/warmest color settings.
         | 
         | My suspicion is that incandescents were at the "end" of their
         | product lifecycle (high quality available for cheap) and LEDs
         | are nearing the middle (medium quality available for cheap),
         | and that I should buy more expensive LED bulbs, but I still
         | think that there are valid "complaints" against the state of
         | widespread LED lighting. I hope these complaints become invalid
         | within a decade, but for now I still miss the experience of
         | buildings lit by incandescent light.
         | 
         | The other thing with AI--the LED revolution was led on this
         | idea that we all need to work as hard as we can to save energy,
         | but now apparently with AI that's no longer the case, and while
         | I understand that this is just due to which political cabals
         | have control of the regulatory machinery at any given time,
         | it's still frustrating.
        
           | drcongo wrote:
           | Maybe buy your bulbs somewhere else? I'm yet to replace any
           | of the LED bulbs I've bought over the past 15 years and
           | honestly can't even remember the last time a bulb failed.
        
             | drcongo wrote:
             | Actually, since posting this I've vaguely remembered a
             | previous discussion on here about differences between LED
             | bulbs sold in the US and those sold in UK/EU so maybe that
             | explains it.
        
             | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
             | Mine fail all the time. Cheap Amazon Basics, expensive
             | Phillips.
             | 
             | Do they fail more than incandescents? idk maybe not, but
             | they fail much more often than their advertising would
             | suggest.
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | > The LED bulbs I have access to (whatever's in the aisles at
           | Home Depot, Costco, etc.) fail much more frequently than the
           | incandescent bulbs I used to buy, and produce an uglier light
           | that is less warm even on the softest/warmest color settings.
           | 
           | LED lamps work just fine, you just need to pay more attention
           | when you're buying them. Philips makes decent LED lamps.
           | 
           | Make sure you're buying lamps with 90+ CRI, that will help
           | with the quality of light. 2700K is a good color temp for
           | indoor living room/dining room/bedroom lighting, 3500-4000K
           | for kitchen/garage/task lighting.
           | 
           | You also need to buy special lamps if you put them in an
           | enclosed fixture, look for 'enclosed fixture' rated lamps.
           | Regular LED lamps will overheat in an enclosed fixture.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | > uglier light that is less warm
           | 
           | I figured out why this happens.
           | 
           | The light color they call "daytime" is around 5000K, so I
           | expected it to look like being outside in the sun; but
           | instead I got a cold blueish vibe. The problem? Not enough
           | power! I got the equivalent of a moonlit room.
           | 
           | So I got this 180W LED lamp (that's actual 180W, not 180W
           | equivalent) [1]. It's so bright I couldn't see for 5 minutes.
           | I put two in my office on desk lamps. The room now looks like
           | being outside, without the "ugly blue" tint, even though the
           | product says it's 6000K. The days of my SAD suffering are
           | over!
           | 
           | [1] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0962X573M
        
           | 1970-01-01 wrote:
           | [CITATION NEEDED] They do not. If you take the mean, median,
           | and mode of the failure lifetime for LED bulbs sold at these
           | stores and compare them to the failure times of incandescent
           | bulbs, I also guarantee you are empirically wrong here.
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | I believe this is true for the LED technology compared to
             | the incandescent technology as a whole, but I'm simply
             | turning over bulbs at a far higher rate than I did in the
             | incandescent days. Often the LED bulbs are failing within a
             | year under normal usage patterns. It's possible that using
             | modern LEDs in old fixtures is causing some kind of issue.
        
       | rspoerri wrote:
       | at some point we will figure out that because we took some much
       | energy out of earths core that it stops spinning and causes the
       | magnetic field to collapse ;-)
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Not really how that works. Also earths core is being heated
         | from nuclear decay and tidal effects. It's getting 10's or TW
         | worth of heat until the sun expands and eats the earth.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget
        
           | danans wrote:
           | I think they meant that as a joke.
        
           | fanatic2pope wrote:
           | Thanks for that wikipedia link, it's fascinating!
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | The world's total energy consumption (most of which is fossil
           | fuels) is currently estimated at 620 exajoules, or 17TWh /
           | year.
           | 
           | Assuming zero growth in energy consumption (hello AI),
           | extracting even half of that seems like it would be
           | consequential.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | 10 TW * 1 year = 8,760 TWh / year. The current rate of
             | energy production is ~42TW and slowly dropping over
             | billions of years, so even after efficiency losses
             | gathering 1% of what's produced is several times current
             | energy consumption.
        
             | dbeardsl wrote:
             | I believe this is off by 5 or 6 orders of magnitude.
             | 
             | Looks like it's more like 200,000Twh / Yr
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-consumption
        
         | anotherevan wrote:
         | They've already made a move about that.
         | https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0298814/
        
       | trollbridge wrote:
       | People across the road from have geothermal, driven by a
       | 1.5m-deep pond right near their house. Their heat never costs
       | more than $100 a month in the winter.
        
         | danans wrote:
         | That's a different "geothermal" - the correct name is "ground
         | source heat pump" or in your neighbor's case, a pond-source
         | heat pump. Those exploit the temperature stability that occurs
         | some small numbers or meters subsurface for heating in the
         | winter and cooling in the summer.
         | 
         | "Geothermal energy" involves drilling down to hot rock to tap
         | intense heat to run a turbine that produces electricity.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | wouldn't it be "natural geothermal" if the pond is a
           | naturally occurring hot spring?
        
             | danans wrote:
             | It wouldn't work very well for cooling then
        
       | yawaramin wrote:
       | It's nuclear fission. It's always been nuclear fission (well, at
       | least since the '50s) and it will continue to be until we
       | commercialize fusion reactors. Everything else is nice to have
       | but it's like NIH syndrome.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Geothermal is fission, and wind, solar, and batteries are
         | fusion at a distance. In both cases, the failure scenarios are
         | benign vs traditional fission generation. It's fine to keep
         | striving for fusion humans control, but the problem (global
         | electrification and transition to low carbon generation) is
         | already solved with the tech we have today. It took the world
         | 68 years to achieve the first 1TW of solar PV. The next 1TW
         | took 2 years. Globally, ~760GW of solar PV is deployed per year
         | (as of this comment), and will at some point hit ~1TW/year of
         | deployment between now and 2030.
         | 
         | Geothermal is a great fit for dispatchable power to replace
         | coal and fossil gas today (where able); batteries are almost
         | cheaper than the cost to ship them, but geothermal would also
         | help solve for seasonal deltas in demand vs supply ("diurnal
         | storage").
         | 
         | https://reneweconomy.com.au/it-took-68-years-for-the-world-t...
         | 
         | https://ember-energy.org/data/2030-global-renewable-target-t...
         | 
         | I also love geothermal for district heating in latitudes that
         | call for it; flooded legacy mines appear to be a potential
         | solution for that use case.
         | 
         |  _Flooded UK coalmines could provide low-carbon cheap heat 'for
         | generations'_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45860049 -
         | November 2025
        
           | yawaramin wrote:
           | Failure scenario in modern fission reactors is also benign.
           | Reactors are designed to lock down to prevent any leaks.
           | 
           | We deploy solar PV _capacity,_ this doesn 't mean we actually
           | get that much power from the deployments. Nuclear fission
           | provides reliable, baseload power, and doesn't require huge
           | battery arrays to compensate for the sun setting or winds
           | calming.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Enough renewables are deployed annually to replace the
             | global nuclear fission fleet, year after year, even when
             | accounting for capacity factor derating (to make a like for
             | like comparison). The race is over, and renewables (with
             | batteries) won. If you can find someone unsophisticated to
             | invest in a fission reactor that takes billions of dollars
             | and 10-15 years to build, more power to you. There will be
             | no need for it by 2035-2040 when it prepares to send its
             | first kwh to the grid.
             | 
             | (and to stay on topic for this thread, geothermal is a
             | component of this when geothermal potential exists, cost is
             | competitive, and dispatachability is a requirement to push
             | out fossil generation in concert with renewables, hydro,
             | legacy nuclear, battery storage discharge, and demand
             | response)
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/search?q=baseload+is+a+myth
             | 
             | https://cleantechnica.com/2025/11/15/coal-killing-sodium-
             | ion...
             | 
             | https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/q3-global-power-
             | rep...
             | 
             | https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/solar-
             | electricity-e...
             | 
             | https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/solar-
             | electricity-e...
             | 
             | https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/economic-
             | aspec...
             | 
             | https://www.lazard.com/research-insights/levelized-cost-
             | of-e...
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/solar-pv-prices
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/battery-price-decline
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/solar-panel-
             | prices-...
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44513185 (lfp battery
             | storage cost citation in 2025)
        
               | yawaramin wrote:
               | > If you can find someone unsophisticated to invest in a
               | fission reactor that takes billions of dollars and 10-15
               | years to build
               | 
               | Unsophisticated investors like the Chinese government?
               | 'Nearly every Chinese nuclear project that has entered
               | service since 2010 has achieved construction in 7 years
               | or less.'
               | 
               | https://thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/chinas-
               | impressive-...
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | They dabble in nuclear, but it is not their focus. China
               | can do what the developed world cannot because they are a
               | command economy with less expensive labor, which will
               | only last for a bit longer due to their structural
               | demographics. Unless the developed world no longer has
               | labor regulations, developed world wages, and capital
               | based allocation systems, my statement stands with
               | regards to investment. If capital and labor does not
               | matter, certainly, anything is possible (Paraoh demanding
               | pyramids, for example).
               | 
               | Your citation comes from an organization with pro nuclear
               | bias.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Institute
               | 
               |  _Can China Break Nuclear Power's Cost Curse--and What
               | Can the US Learn?_ -
               | https://rooseveltinstitute.org/blog/can-china-break-
               | nuclear-... - September 17th, 2025
               | 
               |  _China built more solar power in the last 8 months than
               | all the nuclear power built in the entire world in the
               | entire history of human civilisation. And even if you
               | adjust for utilisation rate to compare against nuclear
               | utilisation China built more solar power generated per
               | hour than all the nuclear power currently in operation
               | generate in an hour - and did so in 12-18 months_ - https
               | ://bsky.app/profile/climatenews.bsky.social/post/3lggqu..
               | . - January 23, 2025
               | 
               |  _China is installing the wind and solar equivalent of
               | five large nuclear power stations per week_ -
               | https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2024-07-16/chinas-
               | renewa... - July 15th, 2024
               | 
               |  _Nuclear Continues To Lag Far Behind Renewables In China
               | Deployments_ -
               | https://cleantechnica.com/2024/01/12/nuclear-continues-
               | to-la... - January 12th, 2024
               | 
               |  _Nuclear Energy & Free Market Capitalism Aren't
               | Compatible_ -
               | https://cleantechnica.com/2023/11/06/nuclear-energy-free-
               | mar... - November 6th, 2023
               | 
               | https://x.com/MoreBirths/status/1910780131318374524 |
               | https://archive.today/iu9jx (China demographics citation)
        
               | yawaramin wrote:
               | If France-a country known for its strong labour laws and
               | unions-could transition to nuclear in the '70s, any
               | Western country can do it.
               | 
               | Even if the Western world lags behind due to labour
               | regulations, the cost still pays off in the long run due
               | to overall less complex infrastructure and stable, AC
               | baseload power. You are thinking only about the cost of
               | building. What about the cost of maintaining all that
               | infrastructure? Huge solar and wind farms spread out over
               | vast areas, essentially destroying the local ecology?
               | NPPs have a relatively tiny footprint.
               | 
               | Every cited source has a bias. You think 'Clean Technica'
               | is unbiased? Come on.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | > If France-a country known for its strong labour laws
               | and unions-could transition to nuclear in the '70s, any
               | Western country can do it.
               | 
               | France had to nationalize EDF because they could not
               | afford the costs associated with their nuclear fleet. The
               | 70s are 50 years in the past, and are not what the future
               | will look like.
               | 
               | This is also why Spain plans to retire its remaining
               | nuclear generators, and go all in on renewables.
               | 
               |  _EDF fleet upkeep will cost over 100 billion euros by
               | 2035, court of auditors says_ -
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/edf-fleet-upkeep-
               | wil... - November 17th, 2025
               | 
               |  _French utility EDF lifts cost estimate for new reactors
               | to 67 billion euros - Les Echos_ -
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/french-utility-
               | edf-l... - March 4th, 2024
               | 
               |  _Explainer-Why a French plan to take full control of EDF
               | is no cure-all_ -
               | https://www.euronews.com/next/2022/07/07/edf-
               | nationalistion - July 7th, 2022
               | 
               |  _Spain's Nuclear Shutdown Set to Test Renewables Success
               | Story_ -
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-04-11/spain-
               | s-n... | https://archive.today/4fB7K - April 11th, 2025
               | ("Spain is a postcard, a glimpse into the future where
               | you're not going to need baseload generators from 8am to
               | 5pm" with solar and wind providing all of the grid's
               | needs during that time, said Kesavarthiniy Savarimuthu, a
               | European power markets analyst with BloombergNEF. Still,
               | she said, there is a reasonable chance this goal may take
               | longer than expected and "extending the life of the
               | nuclear fleet can prove as an insurance for these
               | delays.") (My note: As of this comment, Spain has 7.12GW
               | of nuclear generation capacity per ree.es, and assuming
               | ~1GW/month deployment rate seen in Germany, could replace
               | this capacity with solar and batteries in ~28-36 months;
               | per Electricity Maps, only 17.25% of Spain's electrical
               | generation over the last twelve months has been sourced
               | from this nuclear)
               | 
               | Tangentially, Europe has enough wind potential to power
               | the world, for scale.
        
               | nagisa wrote:
               | The options in the '70s were much different from those of
               | today. And for France specifically what they have
               | underground (lots of uranium, no oil, no gas & no coal)
               | strongly suggested exactly one way forward.
        
               | cbmuser wrote:
               | Wind and solar existed in the 70s as well.
               | 
               | Plus, Germany invested 500 billion Euros in its energy
               | transition and is STILL heavily dependent on coal.
        
               | cbmuser wrote:
               | >>Your citation comes from an organization with pro
               | nuclear bias.<<
               | 
               | Go and throw all your money into renewables stocks and
               | ETFs if you're so convinced.
               | 
               | I bet you're not doing that because you realize that the
               | industry isn't doing well and it's nuclear power nowadays
               | where all the money goes.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Personally, I've invested ~500k EUR in a Portuguese
               | Golden Visa fund invested in renewables (IRR is ~7-13%).
               | Macro speaking, renewables investments keep hitting new
               | records. I am convinced, and if you are not, I would
               | strongly suggest consuming more data, because you appear
               | to have a potential blind spot in your mental model on
               | this topic.
               | 
               | https://about.bnef.com/insights/clean-energy/global-
               | renewabl...
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2025-10-28/whi
               | te-...
        
               | cbmuser wrote:
               | >>Enough renewables are deployed annually to replace the
               | global nuclear fission fleet, year after year, even when
               | accounting for capacity factor derating (to make a like
               | for like comparison).<<
               | 
               | Wind and solar do not replace conventional power plants
               | and never will.
               | 
               | Heck, Germany tried that on the small island of Pellworm
               | and failed and yet some people think this will work out
               | for the whole country.
               | 
               | It does not work.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Nuclear is great, but it does require wheelbarrows of cash,
             | and we don't have a solution for waste products.
        
               | yawaramin wrote:
               | Things are more expensive when we keep reinventing the
               | wheel and trying to do new things instead of just reusing
               | proven designs. Remember that solar power also used to
               | cost wheelbarrows of cash back in the day. When you do
               | something repeatedly, it becomes less expensive over
               | time.
               | 
               | Nuclear is actually the leader in waste management. No
               | other energy source has as complete a story. Eg what
               | happens to solar panels when they EOL in 25 years? They
               | go into landfills and leach toxic chemicals into the
               | ground. These chemicals, like lead and cadmium are toxic
               | _forever._ They have no  'half-life' in which their
               | toxicity reduces.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Solar panels are recycled at almost 100% of total
               | materials. Redwood Materials (founded by Tesla's former
               | CTO) has already established a supply chain to ingest and
               | recycle EV and stationary storage batteries at scale. The
               | problem is that the hardware is lasting longer than
               | expected, and meaningful recycling volume does not yet
               | exist.
               | 
               | Conversely, ~95,000 metric tons of nuclear waste in the
               | US does not have permanent storage or recycling
               | solutions, as of this comment, and there is no plan for
               | long term storage or recycling. Nuclear generation is
               | experiencing a negative learning curve; we keep spending
               | more the more we attempt to build it.
               | 
               | (solar PV panels have a 25-30 year service life, at which
               | point they will still produce power at ~80-85% initial
               | rating, batteries have a 15-20 year service life, with
               | sodium ion chemistries estimated to have up to 50 year
               | service life assuming once daily cycling)
               | 
               | https://www.epa.gov/hw/solar-panel-recycling
               | 
               | https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/articles/beyond-
               | recycling-...
               | 
               | https://e360.yale.edu/features/solar-energy-panels-
               | recycling
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/09/nuclear-power-energy-
               | radioac...
               | 
               | https://www.gao.gov/nuclear-waste-disposal
               | 
               | https://decarbonization.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-
               | all...
               | 
               | (nuclear power accounts for about 10% of electricity
               | generation globally, as of this comment)
        
               | yawaramin wrote:
               | > Solar panels are recycled at almost 100% of total
               | materials.
               | 
               | That's very clever wording. If someone glances at this
               | sentence they might interpret it to mean that almost all
               | solar panels are recycled. But your own citation tells a
               | different story: https://e360.yale.edu/features/solar-
               | energy-panels-recycling
               | 
               | > Today, roughly 90 percent of panels in the U.S. that
               | have lost their efficiency due to age, or that are
               | defective, end up in landfills because that option costs
               | a fraction of recycling them.
               | 
               | Let's compare to spent nuclear fuel, which we know for
               | sure does not end up in landfills. I am talking about
               | _today,_ not some hypothetical utopian future. _Today,_
               | NPP spent fuel is safely sequestered while solar panels
               | are dumped into landfills.
               | 
               | > nuclear waste in the US does not have permanent storage
               | or recycling solutions
               | 
               | It does, it's just not built yet because it doesn't make
               | sense to do it now. In a few decades, maybe a century we
               | will have commercialized fusion reactors. Once we do, we
               | switch to fusion completely and build the deep geological
               | repositories or whatever other solution makes sense then.
               | Or we can even recycle the spent fuel-the only thing
               | stopping us from doing that now is misguided US politics
               | (as usual).
               | 
               | > we keep spending more the more we attempt to build it.
               | 
               | It's capex. We are investing in nuclear technology. If
               | you have a proven design and build the reactors at scale,
               | the costs will flatten or decline, which is obvious to
               | anyone who knows about economies of scale.
        
           | cbmuser wrote:
           | Look at Electricity Maps and realize that France is the only
           | large industrial country where electricity generation is
           | permanently carbon-free and cheap.
           | 
           | https://particulier.edf.fr/content/dam/2-Actifs/Documents/Of.
           | ..
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | Yes, but unfortunately that is because it is coasting on
             | decades old labor and capital investment that will not be
             | made again. It is not permanent, as it will cost tens of
             | billions of euros to continue to operate those generators
             | reaching the end of their service life.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Norway, Iceland and British Columbia are other examples and
             | are more carbon-free than France is. The latter isn't a
             | country and the former don't count as "large industrial"?
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | Ive been very pro nuclear my whole life, but a part of me is
         | disheartened by the mega projects that commercial fission
         | deployments have become (even if the reasons are bad) that's a
         | problem that nerfs traditional fission. If nuclear remains both
         | political, extremely bureaucratic and requires public
         | investment, it just won't be the solution, and not because the
         | tech or physics is bad, but the decision makers & investors can
         | no longer organize large infrastructure projects effectively
         | (except maybe China). This is not unique to nuclear.
         | 
         | Having smaller scale local power generation, whether it's SMRs,
         | solar, wind or geothermal, there's a huge advantage in terms of
         | economy, investment, and politics.
        
           | yawaramin wrote:
           | Nuclear has broad bipartisan support, and the Trump
           | administration is heavily into it, so I wouldn't count it out
           | just yet. If the various Green parties of the Western world
           | ever come into power though, we are cooked.
        
         | thinkcontext wrote:
         | It could be but the US and EU have so far been unable to build
         | commercial fission reactors without going 2x+ over budget in
         | time and money. China is having success but even they are not
         | projected to have nuclear account for more than single digit
         | percentages of their generation.
         | 
         | Maybe SMR's, thorium, 4th gen, etc will work out, but maybe
         | not.
        
           | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
           | The US Navy consistently builds reactors on-time and in-
           | budget
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | There's something to be said for a standardised design with
             | replaceable parts.
        
           | cbmuser wrote:
           | >>It could be but the US and EU have so far been unable to
           | build commercial fission reactors without going 2x+ over
           | budget in time and money.<<
           | 
           | The EU also forgot how to build airports and train stations
           | on budget and on time.
           | 
           | Should we stop building airports and train stations?
           | 
           | As for nuclear power plants: Germany and France built most of
           | their reactors on budget and on time.
        
       | flowingfocus wrote:
       | Instead of drilling deep, there is also an intersting case for
       | storing cheap solar energy as hat in piles of dirts in the summer
       | to power turbines in the winter:
       | https://austinvernon.site/blog/standardthermal.html
        
         | patall wrote:
         | The Berlin one also had some promising news today:
         | https://www.adlershof.de/en/news/successful-tests-on-undergr...
         | 
         | We have to see if and when any of them goes into production,
         | but the technology seems very interesting
        
       | dwa3592 wrote:
       | The problem is how do you remove the incumbents. Oil lobby is
       | pretty strong. Imagine what would happen to car lobby once we
       | have teleportation.
        
       | adverbly wrote:
       | Drill baby drill!
       | 
       | Seriously this would be such a dream!
       | 
       | Turns out that the best battery is literally 10 feet away* - and
       | you don't even need to charge it!
       | 
       | *if you want to make steam its a few thousand, but for heating
       | and cooling its literally just 10 feet!
        
         | blacksmith_tb wrote:
         | Well, heat pumps are awesome, but ground-source is overkill for
         | many places where the air temps don't fall too low (and it's a
         | lot harder to drill holes behind your house).
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | Baseload _generation_ is useless in 2025. It 's in the name; it's
       | called "base load", not "base generation".
       | 
       | Base generation was a cost optimization. Planners noticed that
       | load never dropped below a specific level, and that cheapest
       | power was from a plant designed to run 100% of the time rather
       | than one designed to turn on and off frequently. So they could
       | reduce cost by building a mix of base and peaker generation
       | plants.
       | 
       | In 2025, that's no longer the case. The cheapest power is solar &
       | wind, which produces power intermittently. And the next cheapest
       | power is dispatchable.
       | 
       | To take advantage of this cheap intermittent power, we need a way
       | to provide power when the sun isn't shining and the wind isn't
       | blowing. Which is provided by storage and/or peaker plants.
       | 
       | That's what we need. If added non-dispatchable power to that mix
       | than we're displacing cheap solar/wind with more expensive mix,
       | and still not eliminating the need for further storage/peaker
       | plants.
       | 
       |  _If_ non-dispatchable power is significantly cheaper than
       | storage and /or peaker power than it's useful in a modern grid.
       | That's not the case in 2025. The next cheapest power is natural
       | gas, and it's dispatchable. If you restrict to clean options,
       | storage & geographical diversity is cheaper than other options.
       | Batteries for short term storage and pumped hydro for long term
       | storage.
        
         | masterj wrote:
         | Modern geothermal is dispatchable. It's a really good
         | compliment to wind and solar https://climateinstitute.ca/safe-
         | bets-wild-cards/advanced-ge...
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | But is it usefully dispatchable? Nuclear can be made
           | dispatchable but it's not usefully dispatchable because the
           | costs are fairly similar whether the plant is on or off.
           | 
           | Like nuclear, I believe geothermal has high capital cost and
           | low running costs, suggesting that it isn't usefully
           | dispatchable.
           | 
           | But that's too simplistic. A big limitation of geothermal is
           | that rock has poor thermal conductivity. So once you remove
           | heat it takes a while for it to warm up again. If you're
           | running it 100% then you need a large area to compensate.
           | OTOH, if you're running it at a lower duty cycle you likely
           | need less area.
           | 
           | So if you know the duty cycle in advance, then you can likely
           | significantly reduce costs. Yay!
           | 
           | But that also means that you likely can't run a plant built
           | for low duty cycles continuously for 2 weeks during a
           | dankelflaute. It's likely great for smoothing out daily
           | cycles, but not as good for smoothing out annual cycles. That
           | means it's competing against batteries, which are also great
           | for smoothing out daily cycles, and are very inexpensive.
        
             | hluska wrote:
             | That's a lot of words to admit that geothermal has its
             | place.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | That wasn't the conclusion, though. The conclusion was
               | that dispatchable geothermal is competing against daily
               | cycling batteries, a competition it's likely to lose on
               | cost.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | In 2025 the power consumption of my state (NSW, Australia) on
         | any given day will be greater then 5 GW.
         | https://www.aemo.com.au/energy-systems/electricity/national-...
         | 
         | This "there is no base load" idea is a ridiculous myth
         | trivially disproven: every grid on the planet has continuous
         | demands on it and they're quite significant (5 GW is about 50%
         | the day time peaks).
         | 
         | It doesn't matter what the cost is, because later this evening
         | or tomorrow morning I can guarantee you the same thing: my
         | state will need at _least_ 5GW of power to literally keep the
         | lights on.
        
           | jamescrowley wrote:
           | Baseload is traditionally about generation, not consumption.
           | And baseload generation only makes sense when it is the
           | cheapest option.
           | 
           | When solar and wind produce at near-zero marginal cost,
           | running inflexible baseload beside them just forces cheaper
           | generation to switch off, driving up system costs.
           | 
           | What the grid needs is dispatchable capacity - batteries,
           | hydro, gas peakers (if we must) and demand shifting - that
           | can plug the gaps when cheaper forms of generation cannot.
        
             | cbmuser wrote:
             | It sounds great in theory but doesn't work in practice.
             | 
             | Just compare Germany to France.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | You misunderstand the point though. Sure there is always 5GW
           | of demand - but we don't need generation that always supply
           | 5GW cheap since wind/solar is much cheaper for base load.
           | What we need is non-base load generation that can jump in at
           | a moment's notice when needed because wind/solar isn't
           | enough. Previously we would use those peak plants from when
           | there was 6GW of demand (or whatever), but now between those
           | peak plants coming down in price and wind/solar being so
           | cheap we don't want that 5GW from plants that cannot adjust
           | to load anymore - we are getting the can't adjust to load
           | from wind/solar.
        
             | cbmuser wrote:
             | We're trying that in Germany while we're still heavily
             | dependent on coal while our electricity prices are twice as
             | much compared to France.
             | 
             | I'm sorry, but wind and solar may be cheap, but they don't
             | provide cheap electricity 24/7.
        
               | jamescrowley wrote:
               | which is why dispatchable power is required - not coal?
        
         | jmward01 wrote:
         | The right answer is 'yes to all the above'. Yes, we need solar.
         | Yes, we need wind. Yes, we need batteries and, yes, we should
         | be looking at geothermal. Solar has shown us, again, how
         | artificially holding back a technology for decades has massive
         | costs. Investing a few billion into geothermal right now is
         | cheap and can only lead to a more durable energy infrastructure
         | in the future. There are all sorts of benefits to a rich
         | ecosystem of power generation. Solar and batteries may be
         | amazing but global supply chains can be disrupted. Similarly,
         | having multiple solutions means that niche use cases have more
         | options and a larger likelihood of finding an acceptable
         | solution. So, yes to all of the above. We are big enough to try
         | them all.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | > Solar and batteries may be amazing but global supply chains
           | can be disrupted.
           | 
           | Solar and batteries aren't consumables, so they're not
           | particularly vulnerable to supply chain disruption. If we
           | lose our supply of batteries, we'll have ~10 years or so to
           | find an alternate supply. We won't be able to do new
           | installations during the disruption, but existing
           | installations don't stop working.
           | 
           | Unlike a fossil plant when the supply of fuel is disrupted.
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | One thing which is needed too is spinning load, the grid
           | depends on having enough inertia to maintain the frequency.
           | Flywheels I assume would do that.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | Inverters and batteries (or any other DC source) are also
             | very good at doing this.
        
               | iso1631 wrote:
               | Not grid following inverters, or "any DC source", as we
               | saw in Spain in Summer
        
               | jamescrowley wrote:
               | Nothing to do with the blackout in Spain -
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/what-caused-
               | iberian-... - voltage surge and various thermal power
               | generators failing to provide the voltage correction
               | services they were being paid for
               | 
               | But yes, grid following alone does not provided the
               | required stability - synthetic inertia etc needed
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Yes, if you don't install grid stabilization inverters,
               | they don't supply grid stabilization.
        
             | iSnow wrote:
             | This is being done and it's called synthetic inertia. Just
             | with capacitors and batteries instead of spinning motors.
        
             | _whiteCaps_ wrote:
             | Caterpillar provides some really neat small scale flywheel
             | UPS - used in places like hospitals where it would be very
             | bad to lose power. They last long enough for the diesel
             | gennies to start up.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | Ignore the clickbait headline here: _Australia's Solar Boom
             | Is Breaking the Grid - Or Is It?_
             | 
             | It's a sub 15 minute actual grid engineering for lay public
             | explainer video (I know, I'm not a video fan either)
             | 
             | A better duller title might be: _How Australia 's Grid is
             | being adapted to Solar Boom_                 00:00
             | Introduction       01:23 The Problem with Too Much Solar
             | 03:29 Batteries Change the Economics       05:40 What the
             | Grid Actually Needs       07:04 A Cautionary Tale - The
             | 2025 Iberian Blackout       08:21 Australia's Secret Weapon
             | - Experience with Weak Grids       10:08 The Genius
             | Technical Fix - Grid-Forming Inverters       12:25 The
             | Perfect Partner - Batteries       12:58 From Mechanical to
             | Software-Defined Stability       13:42 Conclusion - Fixing
             | the Grid Before It Breaks
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qavFbOpt4jA
        
         | cbmuser wrote:
         | Or just build out nuclear like France and pay just 20 Cents per
         | kWh.
         | 
         | https://particulier.edf.fr/content/dam/2-Actifs/Documents/Of...
        
           | danw1979 wrote:
           | Yes please from the UK, where it's 27 euro cents per kWh
           | currently.
        
           | testing22321 wrote:
           | The two nukes that recently came on line in the US were so
           | over budget and timeline that all customers now pay a
           | "surcharge" on their bill to pay for it.
           | 
           | Western counties building nukes is so expensive it makes the
           | cost of electricity go up.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | P.S. this is a response to the original title, which has since
         | changed making my comment look off-topic.
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | Suitable locations for pumped hydro are very limited, it is a
         | comparably rare resource.
         | 
         | A lot of mountainous places are dry, and a lot of wet places
         | are flat.
         | 
         | Of the remaining places, some are so unique that they cannot be
         | destroyed by industrial construction (National Parks etc.)
         | 
         | For example, the main ridge of Krkonose (Riesengebirge) on the
         | Polish-Czech border has a lot of wind and rain and deep
         | valleys, but it is the only place south of Scandinavia with a
         | Scandinavia-like tundra and many endemites surviving from the
         | last Ice Age. Any attempt to construct pumped hydro there would
         | result in a national uproar on both sides of the border.
        
       | rconti wrote:
       | Iceland's hot water was a culture shock to me in 2 ways:
       | 
       | 1. The host at our apartment encouraged us to leave the windows
       | cracked and the heat on for good air circulation.
       | 
       | 2. The hot water (at the taps) has a sulfer smell, because it's
       | (also) piped geothermal water. My host explained they also had a
       | water heater upstairs in their home because they preferred
       | "heated cold water" over "hot water", which is a funny
       | distinction to those of us who do not have the latter.
        
         | euroderf wrote:
         | When heating is dirt (heh) cheap, it doesn't cost much to do
         | things like put big hot tubs and heated pools outdoors, like
         | they do in Reykjaviks swim halls. It's really nice.
        
       | davidw wrote:
       | That Newberry Crater one is really close to where I live and...
       | it'd be so amazing if it came to fruition. It sounds almost 'too
       | good to be true'.
        
       | garbageoverflow wrote:
       | I was wondering how feasible it would be to reuse abandoned oil
       | pumps for geothermal energy. A closed loop system [1] would
       | probably be the most appropriate, with energy generation by
       | spinning of a turbine by steam that gets recycled. I don't have
       | the expertise and was wondering if someone can share a bit of
       | knowledge with the rest of us.
       | 
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_geothermal
        
       | anotherevan wrote:
       | Purely as an aside, I had the pleasure of visiting Iceland in
       | August and it was great. Truly beautiful, rugged land.
       | 
       | Another way they've utilised geothermal energy is with large,
       | sophisticated greenhouses which allow growing of many produce
       | they would otherwise import. I only had the opportunity for a
       | brief visit but a lot of it looked hydroponic with really
       | interesting monitoring and control technology. (Plus the biggest
       | bees this Antipodean has ever seen! These suckers were so big
       | they didn't buzz, they rang the doorbell.)
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Sorry the time had not come for geothermal. It will always be an
       | expensive niche market. Will there be more? Sure but its ever
       | going to fly globally.
        
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