[HN Gopher] Hemp ban hidden inside government shutdown bill
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Hemp ban hidden inside government shutdown bill
        
       https://web.archive.org/web/20251113164403/https://hightimes...
        
       Author : bilsbie
       Score  : 280 points
       Date   : 2025-11-13 15:38 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (hightimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (hightimes.com)
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | Or, updated: https://hightimes.com/news/politics/trump-signs-
       | shutdown-dea...
        
       | monooso wrote:
       | Not only that, the same bill includes a provision which allows
       | "...eight Republican senators to seek hundreds of thousands of
       | dollars in damages for alleged privacy violations stemming from
       | the Biden administration's investigation of the Jan. 6, 2021,
       | Capitol riot." [1].
       | 
       | This ability to tack random unrelated legislation onto a bill
       | makes no sense to me.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/deal-end-us-
       | shutdow...
        
         | dawnerd wrote:
         | Always amazes me that we allow multiple bills to be packaged
         | together. Needs to be one bill = 1 vote. Not hundreds/thousands
         | of pages of bills no one will read all rushed through because
         | funding.
        
           | ShroudedNight wrote:
           | Isn't it usually one bill, but an omnibus bill? My
           | understanding is that the actual guard rail that the US
           | congress has discarded is requiring that the contents of the
           | bill be limited to the purview described by the bill's title.
        
             | dawnerd wrote:
             | I guess technically yeah but they're usually bills that
             | wouldn't have any chance of being law on their own. "I'll
             | vote for it if you include this" kinda deals.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | To do so you need an effective bureaucracy to which the
           | legislature can delegate authority, otherwise there are too
           | many details to be passed in bills. But the revanchist
           | Roberts court has said that bureaucratic powers do not exist,
           | the executive can only do things that are expressly
           | enumerated by Congress and Congress can delegate nothing.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | >To do so you need an effective bureaucracy to which the
             | legislature can delegate authority, otherwise there are too
             | many details to be passed in bills. But the revanchist
             | Roberts court has said that bureaucratic powers do not
             | exist,
             | 
             | And your way would be better? All laws defined and
             | redefined by bureaucracies in committees behind closed
             | doors?
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | That isn't how federal rules have historically been made,
               | so I neither disagree nor agree with your misleading
               | statement.
               | 
               | Federal rules are created collaboratively between
               | executive agencies and the subject matter experts
               | relevant to the regulation, then published in the Federal
               | Register for public review and comments, then after
               | feedback has been gathered, considered, and incorporated
               | the final rules are promulgated. This process was created
               | by Congress.
        
             | CalChris wrote:
             | That was during the Biden Administration. The Roberts Court
             | now says the Executive can do anything. Free Enterprise
             | Fund v. PCAOB, Seila Law, the end of Chevron deference, and
             | of course, immunity. Anything.
        
         | runako wrote:
         | > This ability to tack random unrelated legislation onto a bill
         | makes no sense to me.
         | 
         | "Legislation" is the "bill," which is what makes this
         | problematic. At a high level, the only thing that relates the
         | first page of a bill to the 10th page of the same bill is the
         | fact that they are both included in the same document. This is
         | definitional stuff.
         | 
         | Congress could choose to appropriate funds for each department
         | in a separate bill. One could then easily take the POV that
         | it's swampy to tack on the education funding legislation to the
         | defense appropriations bill.
        
       | whimsicalism wrote:
       | The Senate is fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing 350
       | million people and we're going to continue to get absurd
       | unrepresentative outcomes for as long as it remains a relevant
       | body. There's no getting around this and it will structurally
       | just get worse and worse. Simply no way something like it exists
       | 200 years from now, it is probably the biggest flaw in the US
       | political structure right now.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | The senate makes perfect sense in the context of the fact that
         | the slavery states wanted equal power but without counting
         | their slaves as people. It should have been abolished during
         | the Civil War.
        
           | alessandru wrote:
           | many non-slavery parliamentary societies have bicameral
           | legislature, why do you think that is considering they never
           | considered counting their slaves...?
        
             | runako wrote:
             | Not a historian, but some possibilities:
             | 
             | - some governments were explicitly modeled on the US system
             | 
             | - others were influenced by the US system as they moved
             | from e.g. monarchies
             | 
             | - most countries have some sort of caste system that
             | established interests want to preserve
        
               | lovecg wrote:
               | Bicameralism appeared very, very early on. There's a well
               | known case of a missing pig in 1642's Boston (with a
               | population of less than 2000 at the time) that finally
               | solidified splitting the assembly into two chambers, and
               | that debate has been going on for a while at the time
               | already https://www.americanantiquarian.org/sites/default
               | /files/proc...
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | There is a particular sort of partisan who loathes any
             | process, procedure, or rule that acts as an impediment to
             | his agenda. Never mind that, quite often, these same
             | processes, procedures, and rules often act as impediments
             | to his opponents when they are (temporarily) in the
             | majority, he sees his faction as ascendant forever because
             | the universe is designed to promote his peculiar idea of
             | progress and thus there is no longer any need for those
             | hurdles and obstacles. In hushed whispers he might even
             | confess he thinks there never was a need, that those were
             | put in place by his enemies to thwart his righteous cause.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Non-proportionately? For example the Netherlands has a
             | senate but the weight of senators per province is set by
             | population. They don't let Saba have equal powers with
             | Utrecht, which is exactly what the American system does.
             | Other Anglosphere countries -- all of which have
             | exceptionally bad forms of government due to the legacy of
             | England and the early influence of the United States
             | Constitution -- have upper houses that do not have
             | America's weird geographic correspondece.
        
           | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
           | I suggest you check out the debate over bicameralism when
           | this was chosen. It was not just slaves stats that wanted a
           | senate.
        
         | bavent wrote:
         | Having the house capped is also ridiculous. My rep is also the
         | rep for 750k+ other people. One person cannot represent a
         | district that size appropriately at a federal level. They also
         | cannot really respond to constituents properly either when they
         | have that many.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | For 2020 it was 761,169 and Wyoming, Vermont and Alaska have
           | less population than that. They still get a Member and then
           | they get two Senators. And they get three electoral votes.
           | 
           | Yeah, it's pretty messed up.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | But 5,000 representatives can't run a country, either.
        
             | dangus wrote:
             | China has almost 3,000 house members. The UK has almost
             | 1,500 parliament members with a far smaller population.
             | 
             | The US also has state representatives in every state.
             | 
             | This idea that a large amount of representatives can't
             | govern is plainly false.
             | 
             | Even a modest increase in representative count would go a
             | long way to make America more democratic and lessen the
             | impacts of gerrymandering.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | > This idea that a large amount of representatives can't
               | govern is plainly false.
               | 
               | Design by committee is a well-known failure mode. I'd
               | argue that once the size of the house (or maybe one
               | party's seats) gets past Dunbar's number, the house
               | becomes less effective.
        
               | dangus wrote:
               | I'd argue the opposite. Congress could use more members
               | so that it can have more sub-committees to craft
               | legislation with more detail and taking on a larger
               | number of issues with more precision.
               | 
               | There could be sub-committees dedicated to a larger
               | quantity of issues and addressing more industries.
               | 
               | Your argument would be like if you were expecting Apple
               | to only hire 100 engineers to write software for the huge
               | product line they maintain. Maybe 100 engineers is a good
               | number to make one product, but Apple has a huge product
               | line.
               | 
               | Sometimes you legitimately need more people in an
               | organization.
               | 
               | And this reminds me of how flawed your argument is when
               | we already have highly functional corporations that have
               | hundreds of thousands of employees and thousands of
               | managers and we know they function. Dividing and sub-
               | dividing work is how it all gets managed.
        
               | harshreality wrote:
               | Very few legislators have expertise in anything except
               | demagoguery, pandering, and graft. Having more of them to
               | form more subcommittees to mess up more areas of the
               | law... no thanks.
               | 
               | We need merit-selected technical committees of non-
               | representatives to advise politicians and tell them
               | clearly, in as much detail as necessary, when they're
               | wrong on something. If the politicians don't listen, the
               | technical committees should be independent and able to
               | make their case on the internet and social media.
               | 
               | Implementing that would be difficult. The metric for
               | merit is a challenge, and is itself easily coopted by
               | politics. For example, China's vaunted "political
               | meritocracy" is ultimately controlled by party leaders in
               | the CCP, so it's basically a meritocracy for the CCP-
               | aligned, not a meritocracy for anyone else. If a
               | government's goals contradict facts-on-the-ground, the
               | government will find a way to skew an "independent"
               | technical committee to suppress those facts.
        
               | Glyptodon wrote:
               | The main reason I think this is wrong is that the sheer
               | amount of different things the government needs to pay
               | attention to in the modern world is staggering. In my
               | view, it is well beyond what a few hundred reps can pay
               | attention to. I think if you scale it, what you end up
               | with is that representatives can be more specialized in
               | ways that align with their constituency instead of being
               | bad generalists.
        
             | bavent wrote:
             | I never said we needed 5k, if you have to pretend I said
             | something in order to make an argument, you don't really
             | have an argument. You also provided no evidence that 5k
             | reps can't run a country either.
             | 
             | The U.K. has more than triple what we have. If we had 1500
             | representatives, that's roughly 1 per 225k people. Not a
             | great number, but much more reasonable at least, and also
             | much closer to what representation was when the House was
             | capped.
             | 
             | Smaller districts mean not just more accountability, but
             | more similarity within the district. Right now, my district
             | is 95% rural and 5% a slice of a city. I live in the city
             | part, therefore my rep doesn't care about what I have to
             | say, as my wants and needs are different than the rural
             | population that makes up the majority of who vote for him.
             | Smaller districts are harder to gerrymander like this, and
             | they also mean your rep probably lives a life relatively
             | similar to yours - drives the same highways, experiences
             | roughly the same tax burden, shops at the same places,
             | participates in the same events. This will not be true for
             | every case, but it's still a better situation than what we
             | have now.
        
             | theoldgreybeard wrote:
             | The federal government isn't supposed to "run the country".
        
           | interestica wrote:
           | Having representation based on land/physical space will
           | increasingly be seen as absurd.
           | 
           | Maybe we will have "youth reps" in the future. Or reps based
           | on other organizing group (hunters? Musicians?). The problem
           | is...taxonomical? People won't have to belong to a single
           | group but can belong to several "unions".
        
         | treetalker wrote:
         | My pet view is that the fundamental flaw in the Constitution is
         | its decreasing ability to enable coordinated change as
         | population grows and more states enter the Union. Thus, change
         | becomes progressively more difficult over time, whereas changes
         | are increasingly necessary as time passes.
         | 
         | Yes, one of its main goals was to make change difficult. But
         | political-party and legislator capture of the system has taken
         | hold (easy example: representatives now pick their voters) and
         | coordinating amendments we need is nigh impossible.
         | 
         | Periodic constitutional conventions would have helped.
        
           | redserk wrote:
           | I can't imagine the framers of the Constitution envisioned
           | having 50 states, either.
           | 
           | 26 Senators is a substantially different shape of legislative
           | body than the current 100.
        
             | petcat wrote:
             | There were already 25 states (50 Senators) by the time
             | James Madison died in 1836. The original Constitution
             | framers had already seen the explosive growth of the US
             | during their lifetimes. So I can't imagine they didn't
             | envision it.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | They might have envisioned it during their lifetimes, but
               | I don't see how you can argue that things that happened
               | after the Constitution/BoR were written informed their
               | decisions while writing it.
        
               | petcat wrote:
               | So maybe we're saying that the Founding Fathers were, in
               | fact, not visionaries. Maybe they only had the same
               | myopic 10-20 year view that anyone else today does.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | I think there is very little our founding fathers would
               | recognize about today's american government, in a wide
               | variety of ways.
               | 
               | Jefferson was probably the least myopic among them, in at
               | least recognizing that all humans are myopic and struggle
               | to have any concept of what the future holds.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | This wasn't "suposed" to be an issue because the federal
           | government was only really supposed to meddle in things that
           | were obviously common issues or flagrantly interstate.
           | 
           | But now that it's in the business of taking everyone's money
           | via income tax and then dolling it back out to the state to
           | spend with strings attached (which is basically how the bulk
           | of the non-entitlements, non-military money gets spent) the
           | minutia of federal regulation matters far more.
        
           | theoldgreybeard wrote:
           | The problem is too much centralization of power in the
           | federal government, when the entire purpose of the
           | constitution was supposed to be to LIMIT the power of the
           | federal government so that states could mostly govern
           | themselves.
           | 
           | California should make it's own laws, Montana should make
           | it's own laws - and the federal government should set out the
           | rules on how they talk to each-other.
           | 
           | States Rights are supposed to be the protection against
           | political-party and legislator capture at the federal level.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | Liquid Democracy. If the people can delegate their vote, they
         | should be able to claw it back if enough of them care on some
         | issue.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | The Senate was absolutely one of the best features of
         | government. Unicameral legislatures are uniformly godawful. In
         | as much as it is imperfect, it is only so because Congress has
         | become more unicameral-like... senators are little more than
         | representatives that stay in office six years instead of two.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | The senate was explicitly designed to provide a brake on the
           | democratic aspirations of the lower classes by the founders.
           | 
           | American government is a system of baffles designed to
           | frustrate democratic will and preserve the property and
           | political control of elites.
           | 
           | The senate should be abolished along with the undemocratic
           | supreme court (as currently constituted with lifetime
           | appointments and the ability to overrule congress at a whim)
           | and the imperial presidency.
           | 
           | To be honest, we need a new constitution that promotes
           | democracy.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | >American government is a system of baffles designed to
             | frustrate democratic will
             | 
             | The "democratic will", like the people who manifest it, is
             | so bizarrely stupid that there are no insults strong enough
             | to properly insult it. If it can be tolerated at all, then
             | it is so only when there are brakes strong enough to slow
             | it down and force it to think carefully.
             | 
             | >To be honest, we need a new constitution that promotes
             | democracy.
             | 
             | Why would I (or anyone like me) ever agree to a new
             | constitution that someone like yourself approves of? The
             | whole point of the constitution as written was that people
             | like yourself couldn't easily come in and change all the
             | rules when our vigilance relaxed a bit, but here you are
             | not even trying to hide it: you want to change all the
             | rules in one fell swoop. No thanks. Do it the hard way to
             | prove to yourself (and the rest of us) that a vast majority
             | want those changes.
             | 
             | I think senators should be appointed by the states again,
             | repeal the 17th.
        
             | dismalpedigree wrote:
             | Lets hear it for Tyranny by the Masses!
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | People that say this are only looking to ensure the
             | repression of those at the bottom of the totem pole remain
             | oppressed! It's a direct path to fascism, and it is
             | designed entirely to massively accumulate wealth at the top
             | of the pyramid while ensuring all others starve and suffer!
             | 
             | If you're going to make inane comments about how
             | ahckchtually everything in the world is a creation of _the
             | man_ who just wants to keep us down, you 'll need to
             | qualify the statements.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | > ability to overrule congress at a whim
             | 
             | That can be stopped easily enough. The Constitution makes
             | it clear that Congress is the ultimate source of power; the
             | SCOTUS power of judicial review was granted to itself by
             | itself. Congress can (and has, a few times, though not
             | often) make legislation not subject to judicial review.
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | The problem is that it is far, far more difficult for the
               | legislature to "fix" a decision by SCOTUS than it is for
               | SCOTUS to "fix" an unconstitutional law.
               | 
               | Supermajorities in both houses + 3/4 of the states is
               | unlikely to ever happen again unless we face an
               | existential threat or civil conflict.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > Supermajorities in both houses + 3/4 of the states is
               | unlikely to ever happen
               | 
               | I agree, we seem to have perfected the art of splitting
               | of the population into fairly stable tribes similar in
               | size. Unless one side goes batshit insane (and even then,
               | I think current evidence counters this idea) there is
               | probably not going to be a supermajority in the
               | foreseeable future.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | WHY is the Senate absolutely one of the best features of
           | government? In Britain, its name more honestly reflected the
           | class it represents, House of Lords.
        
             | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
             | In Britain there is no Congress. The name of the House of
             | Lords has nothing to do with the United States' Senate. If
             | we are to believe that its form and function were inspired
             | by some other nation's government, then let's talk about
             | its true namesake: the Roman Senate.
             | 
             | I reject your _Peel all apples because orange rinds are
             | bitter!_ nonsense.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | The Roman Senate was a unicameral form of government.
               | Bicameralism principally comes from Britain, the country
               | which we were formerly a colony of and which gave us our
               | dominant language, legal code, ....
               | 
               | That said, again, WHY is the Senate absolutely one of the
               | best features of government?
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | My take on some of the Senate's advantages:
               | 
               | - No gerrymandering
               | 
               | - Longer terms mean that senators can spend more time
               | governing, less time running for election, and they can
               | take a longer view on the impact of their decisions
               | 
               | - Filibuster means that a tiny minority cannot force
               | legislation through
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | The States _are_ a gerrymandering. Five states have
               | populations less than a million and three wouldn 't even
               | qualify for Member of Congress by census. Yet they get
               | two Senators, a Member and three Electoral College votes.
               | 
               | You've got filibuster backwards. Filibuster grants rights
               | to a Senate minority.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | > You've got filibuster backwards. Filibuster grants
               | rights to a Senate minority.
               | 
               | Yeah, I meant that 50.1% can't force legislation through.
               | I should have said tiny majority.
               | 
               | States aren't gerrymandering because the people decide
               | for themselves where to live.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | > States aren't gerrymandering because the people decide
               | for themselves where to live.
               | 
               | The people can also decide for themselves where they want
               | to live with respect to gerrymandered Congressional and
               | other districts. So by your logic, gerrymandering doesn't
               | exist at that level either.
               | 
               | You're not going to convince me that some procedural
               | nonsense is more important than equal representation.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | The filibuster is not a feature inherent to the Senate
               | and could be removed at any time with a simple majority,
               | just like it has been done for the filibuster for several
               | types of nominations, and was threatened during this past
               | shutdown.
               | 
               | I also assume you meant tiny majority, as the minority
               | cannot force legislation through regardless of whether
               | the filibuster exists or not.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Yes, I meant tiny majority.
               | 
               | I recognize that the filibuster isn't guaranteed, but it
               | has served as a powerful tool for a very long time.
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | "No gerrymandering". Wut? The Senate is the most
               | egregious example of anti-democratic systems in any
               | country you could reasonably call democratic. It's far
               | worse than the worst examples of gerrymandering.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I get what you are saying, but I think gerrymandering is
               | a specific thing -- voters being chosen rather than being
               | the ones to choose. You pick the state you want to live
               | in, and the boundaries are not going to change. But at
               | least every 10 years the congressional district you live
               | in may change without you having any say. So it is
               | definitely _worse_ though I think the lopsided
               | representation due to the senate is pretty shitty too.
        
               | CalChris wrote:
               | > voters being chosen rather than being the ones to
               | choose
               | 
               | With the Missouri Compromise, when territories were
               | admitted, their voters were being chosen for political
               | reasons. Territories were admitted two by two, slave
               | holding and free to maintain a status quo. This falls
               | under your definition of gerrymandering.
               | 
               | There is no justification for this gerrymandering.
               | There's nothing great about Wyoming such that it should
               | have such outsized influence on the body politic while
               | possessing the GDP of a mid-sized county.
        
         | tlogan wrote:
         | Things would work if we weren't so damn tribal and if
         | extremists on both sides weren't the ones defining the
         | discussion.
         | 
         | Here is a video for us: https://youtu.be/mRtGg9F5xyA
        
         | potato3732842 wrote:
         | The senate kind of makes more sense the bigger the country is.
         | You need something that essentially represents each whole state
         | as a unit. This is also why they originally weren't directly
         | elected.
         | 
         | When you consider that the OG federal government mostly dealt
         | in issues that were common to the states or very clearly
         | interstate the reason they chose the architecture they did for
         | the senate seems even more sensible. They were meant to bicker
         | about sending Marines to the desert and settling Ohio, not
         | about how individuals could use certain plants (seems like a
         | fitting example considering the source here) or the minutia of
         | exactly what sort of infrastructure ought to get federal
         | subsidy.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | So the senate is sort of a house of lords?
        
             | danudey wrote:
             | There are similarities, but not quite.
             | 
             | The UK House of Lords can't block legislation, only delay
             | it and suggest changes to bills. It's also appointed for
             | life, meaning the lords are immune to political pressures -
             | they don't have to worry about doing something unpopular
             | and getting voted out by the people they represent.
             | 
             | Canada's government, based off of the UK parliamentary
             | system has a 'Senate' rather than a 'House of Lords'; it's
             | still appointed for life and devoid of political
             | repercussions, but unlike in the UK it is capable of
             | blocking legislation entirely and sending it back to the
             | House of Commons to be reworked (or given up on).
             | 
             | The US senate is another step difference from Canada's
             | system, where the senate can (IIRC) prevent legislation
             | like in Canada but the members are elected and are
             | therefore subject to political pressures.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > You need something that essentially represents each whole
           | state as a unit.
           | 
           | You can have a group of people that represent each state as a
           | unit. Political power should absolutely be proportional to
           | population represented though.
        
             | mothballed wrote:
             | The federal government wasn't supposed to represent the
             | people though for the vast majority of its function, it was
             | supposed to essentially mediate interstate affairs and
             | provide protection from foreign incursion.
             | 
             | The vast majority of what it does now, which acts on people
             | rather than states, is a result of exceeding the powers
             | constrained in the 10th amendment. The federal government
             | is breaking because it is operating way outside of its
             | design envelope.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | I'm well aware of the reasoning for the design --
               | although I will point out that the notion of an extremely
               | constrained federal government was controversial then,
               | hardly consensus among the founding fathers.
               | 
               | But the design clearly is not fit for where our society
               | is or the direction it is moving, people have much more
               | affiliation with the national entity than with the state
               | entity, and it simply does not make sense to have a
               | pseudo-house of lords with actual political power in the
               | 21st century.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | If you are from a smaller state, you would think it would
               | still make sense. Otherwise the rural concerns just get
               | steamrolled by the urban concerns. The point still stands
               | about trying to level out concerns between smaller and
               | larger states, which is why it was created with years of
               | debate and a majority even if it wasn't consensus.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | I'm from an even smaller political entity than Wyoming,
               | although we don't get any Senate representation at all.
               | It would be beyond absurd to grant us equal voting power
               | to California and obviously not a sustainable way of
               | constructing a political system.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | DC?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | yes
        
               | blackguardx wrote:
               | You say smaller political entity, but the city of
               | Washington D.C has 100k more people than the entire state
               | of Wyoming...
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Good point - and also whoops on forgetting that, should
               | have remembered from my DC history class where they drill
               | in that we have a larger population than Wyoming and
               | Vermont yet no rep
        
               | mjamesaustin wrote:
               | Of course the voters who have much more political power
               | than is fair, would be unhappy if we transitioned to a
               | system where all voters have an equal amount of political
               | power.
               | 
               | This point is always brought up as if it's inherently bad
               | for rural concerns to get overruled by urban ones, but
               | TOTALLY FINE if urban concerns get overruled by rural
               | ones. Our current system is a crazy double standard, and
               | inherently unfair.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "Of course the voters who have much more political power
               | than is fair,"
               | 
               | Who determines what is fair? Why is it not fair for each
               | _state_ to have equal representation?
               | 
               | "This point is always brought up as if it's inherently
               | bad for rural concerns to get overruled by urban ones,
               | but TOTALLY FINE if urban concerns get overruled by rural
               | ones."
               | 
               | The urban ones have more power in the house as that
               | chamber is designed to represent the people. The rural
               | states have equal power in the Senate. It might just
               | happen that there are more rural states (just as in the
               | House some states happen to have more people).
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | What "urban concerns" and "rural concerns" are we talking
               | about, specifically?
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | One in my state is solar panel legislation.
               | 
               | You can't install solar panels in AZ without a permit and
               | building plans and roof plans.
               | 
               | That's all well and good in the city, but here in bumfuck
               | nowhere I built a house with no building plans or roof
               | plans. Why exactly did the majority of city dwellers pass
               | this law without even considering people like me in
               | bumfuck nowhere, who have as much or higher utility for
               | solar panels than even those in urban areas, need to have
               | this regulation?
               | 
               | The answer is they didn't even think about us, they just
               | did it. Now I can't install solar panels without
               | producing a bunch of extra paperwork that city dwellers
               | just assumed everyone already has on hand because in the
               | city you're required to file those when you build the
               | house. Due to that and other rules that are half-cocked
               | consideration for rural counties that don't inspect
               | literally anything else, they basically made it the
               | hardest to put solar in the places where it is most
               | practical and has the most impact.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Literally everything even vaguely construction-ish is
               | rife with crap like this.
               | 
               | It would be one thing if people were actually asking for
               | this regulation because they wanted it. They're mostly
               | not. The trade groups, the professional organizations,
               | the big industry players, they push it and the
               | legislature just writes it knowing full well that the
               | "lives somewhere with good schools" part of their
               | electorate will go to bat for just about any regulation,
               | the landlords can mostly afford it and tenants don't see
               | the true cost. This just leaves the few non-wealthy
               | homeowners (mostly in rural areas where homes are still
               | cheap-ish) and slumlords to complain and so the
               | legislature knows they have nothing to fear at election
               | time.
               | 
               | I don't even live somewhere rural. I live in a proper
               | city. It's just poor enough that stupid rules like that
               | are a massive drag on everyone who wants to do anything.
               | It's hard to amortize needless BS into whatever it is
               | you're doing when the local populace can't afford it.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | But who in bumfuck is going to stop you exactly? Are you
               | talking about a grid-tie system, where you feedback to
               | the power company? My experience in rural areas is that
               | after the initial approval for utilities if needed, no
               | one is coming back to inspect anything.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | Oh the power company doesn't care. But counties use
               | satellites to find solar panels or other unpermitted
               | installations.
               | 
               | If it's not noticeable via satellite imagery then yeah,
               | probably nothing will happen.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Why is your rural county spending resources to find these
               | unpermitted installations? Sounds like you should vote
               | for better local representatives who don't do stuff you
               | dislike.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > The answer is they didn't even think about us, they
               | just did it.
               | 
               | Asserted without evidence.
               | 
               | Many parts of the USA until sometime in the 1980s had no
               | building codes. Now many of them do (some still go
               | without). Society has made a slow and steady move towards
               | saying, in effect "whatever and wherever you build, we
               | want to be certain that it meets a set of minimum design
               | and construction standards, and we justify this with both
               | public safety (fire, for example) and the interests of
               | anyone who may acquire what you built in the future".
               | 
               | You can say, if you like, that this is bullshit. But
               | don't try to claim that they didn't even think about you.
               | 
               | p.s. I live in rural New Mexico and installed my own
               | solar panels, under license from the state.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | The state has no law about me connecting to the electric
               | grid without any building plans, drawings, or inspection.
               | In fact I did so. That's more connected to others than
               | solar panels are.
               | 
               | Just solar panels. They simply forgot.
               | 
               | FYI i built the house after the solar panel law passed.
               | So it's not like it's an old house that needs brought up
               | to modern code or something.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I don't have any specific ones that would be pertinent to
               | this conversation without causing a flame war of some
               | kind, but we can see the general difference based on
               | county level urbanization as it correlates to party
               | voting in the presidential election. Those rural concerns
               | can also vary from one state to another (a core part of
               | why the Senate was created).
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | > _Why is it not fair for each state to have equal
               | representation?_
               | 
               | Some people aren't used to thinking of states as relevant
               | sovereign entities.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | The problem with this argument is the Permanent
               | Apportionment Act. The House is more representative of
               | the people than the Senate, but capping the size means
               | that as it stands lower population states still receive
               | an outsized amount of power per capita in the House vs.
               | more populous states. As electoral votes are based on
               | Congressional representatives across the two chambers,
               | this also means they have outsized impact on Presidential
               | elections as well.
               | 
               | The deck is stacked in favor of rural states in too many
               | places for it to be balanced. Repeal the PAA and I am
               | much more sympathetic to the idea that the Senate as it
               | stands is fine.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I probably need to go read the arguments at the time the
               | 17th amendment was adopted, because my inclination is
               | that we should repeal the 17th amendment right along with
               | repealing the PAA. Then the senate can truly represent
               | the States, and we can have representatives who more
               | closely reflect their constituency.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Also perfectly fine with a repeal of the 17th alongside
               | the PAA.
               | 
               | I think even with the 17th the Senate still quite closely
               | represents the States so it's less of a priority, but the
               | current status quo for Congress is just insane.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | We could also split states.
               | 
               | It could very much be gerrymandered in a way to keep the
               | red-blue balance of power neutral. But it will never
               | happen because the state governments would never give up
               | any power.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | This. If we pegged the size of a congressional district
               | to the population of the least populates state, we'd end
               | up with more House seats, many of which would be
               | apportioned to CA and TX (as two large states with
               | average district sizes much larger than Wyoming's state
               | population).
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > The deck is stacked in favor of rural states in too
               | many places for it to be balanced.
               | 
               | As a technical quibble, the mechanics have nothing to do
               | with rural-vs-urban, but low-vs-high population chunks. I
               | mention it mainly because there's a certain bloc that
               | argues farmers _deserve_ extra votes for dumb reasons.
               | 
               | One could theoretically carve up any major metropolitan
               | area into a bunch of new states that would be the same
               | population as Wyoming _and_ 100% urban, and they 'd still
               | get Wyoming's disproportionate representation.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The Huntington-Hill method used since the 40s has
               | supposedly reduced any discrepancies.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | If you conceive of democracy as a mechanism to allow
               | individuals to have a role in choosing their leaders (and
               | thus policy decisions), then any part of that mechanism
               | that allows some individuals to have more of a role than
               | others is inherently undemocratic, and thus (if you
               | consider democracy to be good) unfair.
               | 
               | If instead you consider our system of government to just
               | be a bunch of hacks to come up with leaders and policy
               | decisions, with those hacks there to satisfy people who
               | believe that there are interests than just people, then
               | sure, the system we have is as fair as any other.
               | 
               | For myself, the idea that "the state of Wyoming" deserves
               | any sort of political representation above and beyond
               | what the individual residents of Wyoming deserve is
               | obviously non-sensical. But then I believe in democracy
               | ...
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "If you conceive of democracy as a mechanism to allow
               | individuals to have a role in choosing their leaders (and
               | thus policy decisions), then any part of that mechanism
               | that allows some individuals to have more of a role than
               | others is inherently undemocratic, and thus (if you
               | consider democracy to be good) unfair."
               | 
               | Not exactly. We are a democratic republic of states. You
               | don't have to be an direct democracy to have benefits or
               | be fair (under your argument, anything less than a direct
               | democracy creates uneven power for an individual voter).
               | To be fair to the states that joined the country, they
               | each got equal voting rights in the senate. Again, the
               | senate is supposed to represent states' interests and not
               | the direct people's.
               | 
               | "For myself, the idea that "the state of Wyoming"
               | deserves any sort of political representation above and
               | beyond what the individual residents of Wyoming deserve
               | is obviously non-sensical. But then I believe in
               | democracy ..."
               | 
               | That's the first amendment right to organize - petiton
               | for statehood, form cities, etc. You can set your own
               | laws for your area. The federal level is not supposed to
               | hold excessive power over any state of any size,bit
               | nobody cares about the 10th amendment.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > We are a democratic republic of states.
               | 
               | I made no comment about what "we" are ...
               | 
               | The idea that the USA is actually a democracy whose
               | members are states is, IMO, just a post-facto
               | rationalization by people who believe in the compromise
               | that the Senate represents. I find it totally absurd.
               | 
               | Now, more commonly "we're not a democracy, we're a
               | republic" is used to explain this, but this I find
               | absurd. Democracies and republics are somewhat
               | orthogonal: there are democracies that are not republics
               | (e.g. the UK), republics that are not democracies
               | (several African countries, for example), and systems
               | that are both democracies and republics (the USA for
               | example). "Republic" describes a system in which
               | political power rests with the people who live in it;
               | "Democracy" describes the process by which those people
               | make political decisions.
               | 
               | > The federal level is not supposed to hold excessive
               | power over any state
               | 
               | I think you missed significant changes to the US system
               | in the aftermath of both the civil war and the great
               | depression. Granted these were not encoded as
               | constitutional amendments (which would have been better).
               | However, you seem attached to the conception of the union
               | as it was in 1850, not as it is in 2025.
        
               | mring33621 wrote:
               | The problem is that the number of house members per state
               | is capped, which results in more-populous states having
               | less influence per-capita than less-populous states. So,
               | in a way, more-populous states are disadvantaged in both
               | the house and senate.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | Is it not obvious why this is the case. If rural dwellers
               | are cut off from the outputs of a city their lives are
               | mostly unchanged and not impacted. If the city dwellers
               | are cut off from the output of rural areas their
               | existence is wildly constrained. How much food / energy /
               | and raw materials do cities typically produce? Obviously
               | there has to be a balance but you have to look at it
               | logically and recognize that one is far more critical
               | than the other.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Could be true (*)
               | 
               | But none of that justifies giving the tiny numbers of
               | people who live in truly rural American outsize power
               | over everyone else.
               | 
               | (*) but probably not ... I'm a rural dweller and my own
               | and my neighbors' dependence on our cities is pretty
               | absolute. Most rural dwellers these days are not
               | subsistence farmers.
        
               | kccoder wrote:
               | I'm from a smaller state and I don't think it makes
               | sense. I'll take tyranny of the majority over tyranny of
               | the minority any day of the week.
        
               | joquarky wrote:
               | It's starting to feel like direct democracy would make
               | better choices than whatever this mess is that we have
               | now.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Urban concerns are steamrolled by the rural concerns.
               | Rural people literally hate and attack urban living
               | people and urban people are supposed to smile and treat
               | them nicely.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | >>rural concerns just get steamrolled by the urban
               | concerns
               | 
               | But effectively giving dirt a vote clearly isn't the
               | solution. When voting maps are made weighted by strict
               | land area they look one way, but weighted by population,
               | they look entirely different, e.g., [0]
               | 
               | Or, should Wyoming, with a population of 587,618 as of
               | 2024 [1] really have as many senators as the 39,431,263
               | people in California [2]? California has nearly five
               | times the rural population of Wyoming [3], yet all rural
               | and urban Californians get only 1.4% of the
               | representative power of anyone living in Wyoming. Does a
               | Wyoming resident really deserve 67X the representation of
               | people in California?
               | 
               | I absolutely think rural concerns must be heard and met,
               | but this setup is not right, and is clearly not meeting
               | those concerns.
               | 
               | [0] https://worldmapper.org/us-presidential-
               | election-2024/
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming
               | 
               | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California
               | 
               | [3] https://www.ppic.org/publication/rural-california/
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I've yet to understand why 'land' should have a stronger
               | vote than 'people'
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Why even have states? Or cities? What purpose do they
               | serve?
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | Why this non-sequitur?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Cities have no representation at the federal level, so we
               | can leave those out of the question.
               | 
               | Why have states? Why indeed!
               | 
               | One answer: to create a level of governmental
               | organization smaller than the federal one that can act as
               | a set of laboratories for legislative and legal
               | experimentation.
               | 
               | Another answer: to reflect the fact that not all laws and
               | regulations make sense across a diverse range of climate
               | and geography and demographics and economies.
               | 
               | Neither of those answers, however, require states to be
               | considered inviolable sovereign entities, and a lot of us
               | born after 1880 don't think of them that way.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Because the rural folks think that "bad people" live in
               | cities. (Don't ask them too many questions about what
               | makes them bad; it's almost certainly bigotry.)
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | I'm not going to do the math, but California has a larger
               | rural area, a larger rural population, and a larger
               | number of rural communities than, oh, I don't know, the
               | ten least populous states combined? So at this point we
               | have fewer rural communities overriding more rural
               | communities just because of where state boundaries are
               | draw.
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | > But the design clearly is not fit for where our society
               | is or the direction it is moving, people have much more
               | affiliation with the national entity than with the state
               | entity
               | 
               | For better or worse.
               | 
               | I would argue that government serves you much better the
               | closer it is to you. A municipal government is going to
               | be a lot more responsive to people who live in that city
               | vs the State / Provincial level, who have a much broader
               | constituency. And the State / Provincial level is going
               | to be a lot more responsive to its constituency than the
               | Federal level.
               | 
               | Politics is the direct result of the philosophy of a
               | culture. The more culturally people identify as
               | "American" instead of "Californian", "Texan", "Virginian"
               | etc. the more you're going to see the scope of the
               | federal level expand, because that's what "the people"
               | are asking for.
               | 
               | The problem with democracy is that people don't always
               | vote or act in accordance with their objective best
               | interests.
               | 
               | And not to go off on a tangent, but the cultural attitude
               | towards democracy itself is indicative of my point.
               | Culturally people tend to equate democracy with "freedom"
               | even though democracy is but a tool. A perfectly
               | appropriate tool for certain things (should we spend the
               | city budget on a new sporting stadium or upgrades to our
               | roads?). But there are other matters that should never,
               | under any circumstance, be put to a vote (ex: what groups
               | of people have rights).
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > I would argue that government serves you much better
               | the closer it is to you.
               | 
               | This works very well for the local wealth crowd. It is
               | much easier to capture city or county government than it
               | is state, and much easier to capture state government
               | than federal. In fact, one of the reasons that we need a
               | more powerful federal government than we did 200 years
               | ago is precisely that local non-governmental power (read:
               | rich folk) has grown in scale that often even state
               | government cannot control it adequately.
               | 
               | There's no inherent reason federal government cannot be
               | just as responsive as more local ones, other than _an
               | entire political philosophy and party that is committed
               | to the idea that this is not just impossible but morally
               | wrong_.
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | > This works very well for the local wealth crowd
               | 
               | It works well for everyone. The problem with government
               | that is for and by the people, is that wealthy people are
               | people too.
               | 
               | You're effectively saying that because you're worried
               | about the "local wealth crowd" "capturing" government,
               | you would prefer to make change in government more
               | difficult and representation farther removed for
               | everyone.
               | 
               | It's not clear how that would make it easier for the "non
               | local wealth crowd" to affect change while it makes it
               | harder for the "wealth crowd" ? Although maybe "local" is
               | the key word here? I mean, that would imply that you're
               | OK with global mega-corps capturing the federal level as
               | long as they are not local companies. But I think I'd be
               | straw-manning you to assume that's your position, and I'm
               | not trying to strawman you. I'm just illustrating the
               | logical conclusion of your idea if I take it at face
               | value.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, I'm not a fan of protectionist
               | economic policies. But if I were, I might offer that
               | "local wealth" at least provides value at the local level
               | (jobs, economic growth etc.) whereas global mega-corps
               | have interests outside of the country.
               | 
               | In any case, it's not at all clear how making it less
               | difficult for the "local wealth crowd" makes it easier
               | for the "non local wealth crowd." As I see it, you just
               | make government farther removed for everyone.
               | Disadvantaging both groups equally. But if you're
               | ideologically driven by a hatred of wealth and of
               | capitalism, then maybe that's well understood and we are
               | all sacrificial lambs on offer.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > The problem with government that is for and by the
               | people, is that wealthy people are people too.
               | 
               | No, this is not a problem with government for and by the
               | people. It is, however, a problem in a system in which
               | economic power (read: wealth) translates (often almost
               | literally) into political power for individuals. Rich
               | people deserve a vote just like everyone else - but
               | nothing more.
               | 
               | > you would prefer to make change in government more
               | difficult and representation farther removed for
               | everyone.
               | 
               | You say "farther removed" - I say "larger, less dependent
               | on local influence, and with more power". As I said,
               | there is an entire political philosophy and party that
               | insists that responsive federal level government is not
               | possible; as I implied, I simply don't agree with this.
               | Of course, if that philosophy/party has significant
               | political power, then federal government _will_ be less
               | responsive, but that 's not inherent.
               | 
               | Yes, mega-corp capture of the largest governmental
               | structures is absolutely a major problem, and one we
               | don't have a good solution to at present. But the
               | existence of that problem doesn't justify a reversion to
               | a system in which local capture becomes easier and more
               | consequential.
               | 
               | Do we need to be careful to not have the federal level
               | squash deserved local variation? Yes, absolutely. But we
               | also do not have to give in to the self-interested claim
               | that federal government cannot serve the interests of the
               | people well, either.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Political power should absolutely be proportional to
             | population represented though."
             | 
             | That's your opinion. The opinion of people in Wyoming is
             | likely different. What the facts would show if you look
             | into the history of why the Senate was necessary, it would
             | show that smaller states wouldn't have joined, and would be
             | justified in leaving. The real problem is that the scope of
             | decisions at the federal level has gotten ridiculous due to
             | "interstate commerce" and "taxes", so we now operate more
             | at the federal level than the system originally intended.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Yes, in case you didn't notice, everything we are stating
               | is opinions.
               | 
               | I absolutely reject the notion that the senator from
               | Wyoming should have equal political power to the senator
               | from Texas or California, I think it is absurd, I don't
               | doubt that some people in Wyoming disagree.
               | 
               | I think Wyoming joining the US as a state without equal
               | representation as the most populous state would still be
               | a massive win for them and they would have almost
               | certainly taken the deal at the time.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | But would they continue to take the deal is the real
               | question.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | If you understand your just opining to other user's
               | opining... why do you think your opinions can outweigh
               | other's?
               | 
               | Do you have a fleshed out logically sound argument?
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >why do you think your opinions can outweigh other's?
               | 
               | I don't see where this is implied. I took the implication
               | of "your opinion did not sway my own"
               | 
               | >Do you have a fleshed out logically sound argument?
               | 
               | The "logic" is "larger states in a democracy should have
               | more power because they represent more people". Which
               | naively makes sense. I'm sure game theory would show some
               | consequence of this formation though as a bunch of
               | smaller states coalition around each other and make a two
               | party system based on land, as opposed to ideology.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | > I think Wyoming joining the US as a state without equal
               | representation as the most populous state would still be
               | a massive win for them and they would have almost
               | certainly taken the deal at the time.
               | 
               | I doubt that very much. But more pertinent is this: we
               | _know for a fact_ that the smaller founding states would
               | not have joined without the compromise in how Congress is
               | structured. They were, after all, the whole reason it
               | exists. So without that compromise, the country would not
               | exist at all (or would at minimum exist very differently
               | to today). You can 't just renege on that deal 250 years
               | later and figure people should be ok with it.
        
               | teraflop wrote:
               | I think it's completely fine to renege on deals that were
               | made with people who have been dead for centuries,
               | actually, if there's a good reason to.
               | 
               | Courts and political institutions routinely nullify all
               | kinds of "deals" that are considered to be against public
               | policy. For instance, lots of people in the US made
               | legally binding deals to purchase other human beings as
               | slaves, and those deals were undone by the 13th
               | amendment. Maybe those people would have made different
               | life choices if they knew that their slaves would be
               | freed in the future. Tough luck.
               | 
               | In other legal contexts, we recognize that allowing
               | people to exert control over things long after their
               | deaths is a bad idea:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_against_perpetuities
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | A bunch of states wouldn't have entered the union without
               | the compromise on slavery.
               | 
               | But we ended that "compromise" some time ago. No reason
               | that equal Senate representation, or even general state
               | "sovereignty" couldn't be revisited either.
        
               | nxor wrote:
               | I interacted with someone from Wyoming once. She made
               | this point: Wyoming has a lot of Native Americans, and it
               | struck her as contradictory when people would say "native
               | Americans are underrepresented" alongside "Wyomingites
               | are overrepresented." Of course there's nuance but it was
               | interesting in any case.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Wyoming has 16k native americans. California has 762k
               | native americans (if you agree with self-id, which I
               | don't). Your friend clearly must be in favor of
               | disenfranchising these native americans if she thinks her
               | Wyoming vote should count for 67 native american votes in
               | California.
               | 
               | In general, I don't find the idpol defense of 67x
               | relative voting power for Wyoming's particularly
               | compelling.
        
               | nxor wrote:
               | If you could read you'd see (A) I didn't refer to her as
               | a friend and (B) I didn't mention her political
               | affiliation. In fact your assumption is wrong.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | If we truly believed in a capitalistic system, wouldn't
               | the US become a hyper aggressive competiton to make the
               | most citizens settle in their given state? It would bring
               | down home prices, offer amenities, fight cut throat for
               | the best labor laws, and so much more.
               | 
               | But it seems like we gave up and focused on a republic
               | when it came to this matter instead.
        
             | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
             | The only reason we have the US is that we rejected this
             | notion.
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | I think that's a very idealistic idea. The reality is that
             | some people / land area are simply far more important than
             | others. It's not to say that the individual themselves is
             | more meaningful as a matter of state, but there
             | positioning, role in society etc simply carries more raw
             | value than others.
             | 
             | The US is huge and you have a major divide from the
             | producers and the benefiters, the most critical components
             | of the US don't require large populations centers. Mainly
             | your food production, natural resource extraction, and
             | logistical operations are what allows the entire rest of
             | the country to function.
             | 
             | You absolutely have to offer some level of appeasement that
             | outsizes their population representation to the people who
             | support everyone else.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | But per-worker productivity is higher in larger states -
               | so there goes that maker vs. taker justification of up-
               | weighting rural areas. Regardless, plenty of other
               | countries continue to produce adequate amounts of food
               | despite a much more central approach.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | > most critical components of the US don't require large
               | populations centers
               | 
               | Yes, but large cities still produce the most value if
               | we're talking in economic terms. For food production
               | especially. Most logistical operation also operates in
               | large cities.
               | 
               | >You absolutely have to offer some level of appeasement
               | that outsizes their population representation to the
               | people who support everyone else.
               | 
               | Well, yes. That was the big comprmise made by the
               | constitution to begin with. They needed something like a
               | Senate to get smaller states to sign on.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | But we aren't talking in economic terms. We are talking
               | in political terms. The economy is an offshoot of the
               | functioning political system. Contextually they are
               | different things although logically intertwined, but
               | resources and their management / allocation is what gives
               | rise to the idea of governance and that governance
               | implements the economic system etc. Without the resources
               | there isn't really anything to govern. The infrastructure
               | and logistics in a city are generally geared toward
               | supporting that city, not the rural areas.
               | 
               | And I mean, obviously the current situation is not this
               | way because we have a very functioning system, most rural
               | people don't even use the food and resources that are
               | extracted around them anyway as we import and move things
               | around at an unprecedented scale. But we are talking
               | about what is important to a functioning large scale
               | country and economy at the basic level. You literally can
               | not support the cities without the rural output, even if
               | the larger value, monetarily, is created in the urban
               | area.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I use economics because I don't know how to politically
               | measure "success". As it is now, what a politician wants
               | is clearly divorced from what their constituents want.
               | 
               | >The infrastructure and logistics in a city are generally
               | geared toward supporting that city, not the rural areas.
               | 
               | But thse large states also help fund small states. Which
               | small states are considered "donor states".
               | 
               | > But we are talking about what is important to a
               | functioning large scale country and economy at the basic
               | level.
               | 
               | California is the 4th largest world economy. It can
               | certainly break off and operate fine by itself if things
               | got truly dire. The main thing missing is a standing army
               | and nukes. The latter of which is probably the main
               | bargaining chip of the smaller states at this point.
               | 
               | I think you underestimate how efficient the larger states
               | can be. And overestimate the economic value of the
               | smaller ones under the stereotype that "they produce the
               | most food". They produce a lot, but not the most.
        
               | dashundchen wrote:
               | I disagree with your premise that agricultural and
               | extraction workers have some higher intrinsic value
               | compared to urban dwellers, but even if you accept that
               | premise, it is immediately undermined by California.
               | 
               | California is an both a service economy and agricultural
               | powerhouse, the number one producer of agricultural value
               | in the US by far. Other states with heavily urbanized
               | populations like like Texas, Illinois, Minnesota,
               | Wisconsin all produce a ton of agricultural value.
               | 
               | Are you saying that California deserves more
               | representation for having a lot of farms then?
               | 
               | Not to mention as agriculture and resource extraction
               | industrialized and has automated, its required a smaller
               | percentage of the labor force than ever before.
               | 
               | So why should the industrial base of a state have
               | anything to do with how well citizens are represented?
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | >I disagree with your premise that agricultural and
               | extraction workers have some higher intrinsic value
               | compared to urban dwellers
               | 
               | Ok, which would you rather forgo for a month / a year / a
               | lifetime? The output of a city, or the food and energy
               | outputs of the rural areas.
               | 
               | I don't see how California is undermining anything.
               | California has a lot of both rural and urban areas like
               | many states, that doesn't change the premise and
               | California is known for bending over backwards and taking
               | a lot of detrimental actions to support their
               | agricultural industry.
        
           | Y-bar wrote:
           | (Non-American here).
           | 
           | Couldn't it also work by guaranteeing each state X seats and
           | then the rest Y seats are set according to census data on
           | population?
           | 
           | For example a single house with 100 reserved seats, and on
           | top of that one seat per 500k citizens?
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | this is essentially how the electoral college functions
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | Not as far as my limited understanding is, USA still has
               | a Congress and a House, and the comment thread I replied
               | was specifically about abolishing the Congress for a
               | different solution. And as far as I know USA has not
               | abolished the Congress, right?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | _Senate_ and House - congress is both bodies. My point
               | was merely the additive scheme you described is how
               | electoral college votes are allocated.
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | What problem does the Congress solve in the democratic
               | process which happens elsewhere where there is no such
               | thing?
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | Congress as a whole? I don't know if there's anything
               | unique it solves. It's merely the US's compromise to
               | balance between a monarchy and a weak federal government
               | with little control over the coalition of states.
               | 
               | The big issue is that our House of Representatives
               | stopped being proportional to the population some 90
               | years ago. I believe analysts suggested that a House
               | today would have over 1000 members, as to the 435 seats
               | today. So that only increases representation of smaller
               | states.
        
             | dogleash wrote:
             | >Couldn't it also work by guaranteeing each state X seats
             | and then the rest Y seats are set according to census data
             | on population?
             | 
             | Yes. If you call the "X" club the Senate and the "Y" club
             | the House of Representatives, this is exactly how our
             | bicameral legislature works.
             | 
             | edit: Their votes count for passage in their chamber, not
             | equally weighted against eachother. If you mean Y seats
             | equal seats by population but with a minimum X, then that's
             | how the House works. Any proposal to make the senate
             | proportional starts to ask why we're not unicameral because
             | then you basically have 2x house of reps but with different
             | voting district sizes.
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | Point is, they would not have different roles, but
               | instead work as a single house which votes on issues and
               | laws and then delegates the result to the executive
               | branch. No dual "clubs" or houses with separate votes or
               | separate elections.
               | 
               | This is how my country works.
        
               | pwg wrote:
               | Part of the point of the split when the US Congress was
               | designed was to intentionally make it difficult for bills
               | to pass, because they had to pass votes in two
               | independent houses, that (presumably) were focused on
               | differing agendas.
               | 
               | This inherent difficulty was the intended outcome to try
               | to assure that only bills which had strong support
               | overall from different perspectives and viewpoints would
               | make it through the double gauntlet.
        
               | hnburnsy wrote:
               | Plus the separation of powers, which is nice and
               | brilliant...
               | 
               | House ----- Impeach Purse Break Electoral Tie for
               | President
               | 
               | Senate ----- Try the impeachment Break Electoral Tie for
               | Vice President Ratify treaties Confirm executive
               | appointments
        
             | danudey wrote:
             | The goal isn't about guaranteeing that all states have X
             | number of votes; the house and the senate vote separately
             | on things. For a bill to pass the house and the senate
             | requires:
             | 
             | 1. A majority vote by the house whose members are allocated
             | by population and therefore (ostensibly) represent the
             | general population
             | 
             | 2. A majority vote by the senate whose members are
             | allocated by state and therefore (ostensibly) represent the
             | will or needs of the states themselves.
             | 
             | As an example of why that distinction is relevant, consider
             | Rhode Island. With a population of 1.1 million people, 100
             | reserved seats plus one seat per 500k would give Rhode
             | Island 4 votes. Meanwhile, California's population of 38.9
             | million would give it 70 votes. That prohibits effectively
             | representing Rhode Island as a state in any meaningful way.
             | 
             | As it is now, vote-by-population could allow a small number
             | of states with the majority of population to out-vote the
             | entire rest of the country, passing a law that states that
             | all healthcare should be made free and the states have to
             | pay for it themselves. Large states with strong economies
             | and large tax bases might be in favor of that, but smaller
             | and less populous states with weaker economies would go
             | bankrupt.
             | 
             | Thus comes the senate, where a majority of _states_ can
             | decide that the law is inappropriate or against their
             | interests and vote against it.
             | 
             | The distinction I think that most people from outside of
             | the US probably don't fully understand is that, unlike in a
             | lot of countries, each state is its own economy,
             | government, politics, etc. rather than one sort of unified
             | government that covers the whole country. Many of them see
             | the federal government as not much more than a necessary
             | evil to help the independent-but-united states coordinate
             | themselves and prosper together. I remember someone once
             | saying that it used to be "The United States _are_... " and
             | not "The United States _is_... " and that kind of gives you
             | an idea of the separation.
             | 
             | The best comparison might be the EU, where you could
             | imagine the large, rich countries with large populations
             | wanting to pass a vote that the smaller, poorer countries
             | might chafe against. Imagine an EU resolution that said
             | that all countries must spend at least 70 billion euro on
             | defense; fine for large countries like Germany which
             | already do, but absurd for a smaller country like Malta.
             | The senate exists to prohibit that sort of unfairness in
             | the US federal government.
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | > The distinction I think that most people from outside
               | of the US probably don't fully understand is that, unlike
               | in a lot of countries, each state is its own economy,
               | government, politics, etc. rather than one sort of
               | unified government that covers the whole country.
               | 
               | This is exactly how I see how my country and EU works. I
               | feel like this is something I am intimately familiar
               | with.
               | 
               | > Thus comes the senate, where a majority of states can
               | decide that the law is inappropriate or against their
               | interests and vote against it.
               | 
               | What mechanism causes the senate to be more resilient to
               | those issues than a unified Congress?
        
               | cameron_b wrote:
               | Before 1913, State's legislatures would elect their US
               | Senators. Since 1913, Senators are directly elected but
               | to longer terms than their peers in the House, as a way
               | to make them less beholden to the whims of the zeitgeist
               | and more stable in their consideration of "what serves
               | the state" in that they do not face elections immediately
               | and the results of their work are meant to be evaluated
               | over a longer period. -- this is the intent, reality may
               | bear out differently
        
               | pwg wrote:
               | > What mechanism causes the senate to be more resilient
               | to those issues than a unified Congress?
               | 
               | The Senate is limited to two seats per state. With the
               | current 50 states, that makes 100 members. So only 51
               | seats need vote against a bill they feel would harm their
               | states. As the Senate is divided up, a very populous
               | state (California) receives two, just like a very small
               | state (Delaware) receives two, so each is on "equal
               | footing" with the other states. [note that "small" here
               | refers to population, not land area]
               | 
               | If everyone was all mixed together into one bowl, then a
               | populous state like California (52 house seats, plus 2
               | senators for 54) is 22% of the total votes needed for a
               | simple majority, all by themselves.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Don't forget the filibuster - most votes actually require
               | 60 Senators to pass.
               | 
               | For most day-to-day legislation, we can have 59% in favor
               | and still have a deadlocked Senate. The House has no
               | means to bypass/override the Senate.
               | 
               | But, that's probably a whole other topic and way in the
               | weeds.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Additionally, the Senate in original form was actually
               | selected by the states (or rather, their governments).
               | Direct election of Senators only came about in the early
               | 20th century with the 17th Amendment.
               | 
               | And this whole discussion gets further complex when you
               | consider the US uses an antiquated indirect system to
               | elect the President (who in our government is more akin
               | to a Prime Minister in many parliamentary systems than
               | the ceremonial president in those same systems).
               | 
               | In the US, each state gets a number of electors who elect
               | the President. The number is based on the number of
               | Sentators plus the number of House members. So the
               | smallest states are guaranteed 3 electors no matter how
               | out of proportion that count may be.
               | 
               | The consequence of this is in my lifetime, Republicans
               | have won the Presidency twice with a minority of the
               | popular vote (and thrice with a majority)...
               | 
               | 2000 - George W Bush won with 47% of the vote to Al
               | Gore's 51%. 2016 - Trump won with 46% to Clinton's 56%.
               | 
               | Reagan, Bush Snr, and Trump (2nd term) won with
               | majorities of the popular vote.
               | 
               | Notably, a Democrat has NEVER won the presidency with
               | LESS than a majority.
               | 
               | For those of who are both residents of moderately sized
               | states, and also lean left on political issues, this
               | certainly feels like a massive structural problem.
        
               | youainti wrote:
               | Also, states have their own militaries. Some states even
               | have multiple. All states have an Army National Guard and
               | some have and Air National Guard. Those militaries can be
               | federalized, but normally pertain to the state. Some
               | states even have other military branches such as Texas,
               | which has a State Guard which cannot be federalized.
        
             | hnburnsy wrote:
             | Done!
        
               | Y-bar wrote:
               | You abolished the senate?
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | by the decree of Galactic Emperor Sheev Palpatine
        
               | hnburnsy wrote:
               | Other have pointed out that the house ("Y seats are set
               | according to census data on population") and senate
               | ("guaranteeing each state X seats") already do what you
               | suggest.
               | 
               | Amazingly some guys thought it up hundreds of years ago.
               | Is your issue that it is bicameral? If so what advantage
               | would one house have?
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | > Other have pointed out that the house ("Y seats are set
               | according to census data on population")
               | 
               | This is repeated all over this thread, but it is just no
               | longer actually true.
               | 
               | The Permanent Apportionment Act means that it is only
               | partially tied to census data. The low cap and guaranteed
               | seats mean that low population states have more power per
               | capita in the house to a significant degree.
        
             | pwg wrote:
             | You have essentially described the current US Senate/House
             | as it was originally set out in the constitution.
             | 
             | One group of limited seats, with equal seats per state (the
             | Senate). This is the "guarantee of at least X seats" to
             | each state part.
             | 
             | A second group with the number of seats determined directly
             | by population (the House). This is "the rest set ...
             | according to census data on population".
             | 
             | One big change along the way was an amendment that capped
             | the size of the House at 435 members to avoid it growing
             | ever larger as the population expanded. Now the 435 are
             | allocated to the states based on population.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | > One big change along the way was an amendment that
               | capped the size of the House at 435 members to avoid it
               | growing ever larger as the population expanded. Now the
               | 435 are allocated to the states based on population.
               | 
               | Thankfully, the Permanent Apportionment Act is not
               | actually a constitutional amendment and could be
               | corrected with the passing of legislation rather than
               | needing to go through a full amendment process.
        
           | wat10000 wrote:
           | > You need something that essentially represents each whole
           | state as a unit.
           | 
           | Er, why?
           | 
           | I understand why the country needed this at the beginning. It
           | was a union of sovereign nations. The states were effectively
           | the constituents of the federal government and it makes sense
           | to have a body where each one is represented equally. And in
           | practical terms, there was a real risk that the smaller
           | states wouldn't have joined the union if they didn't have
           | something that compensated for the increased power the larger
           | states had due to their population.
           | 
           | But today? The states are glorified administrative divisions.
           | They still have some independent power but it's not a lot.
           | And there's no option to leave the union.
           | 
           | We still have the Senate in its current form due to inertia
           | and the fact that the states that get disproportionate power
           | from the current form of the Senate also have
           | disproportionate power in deciding whether it changes. It's
           | hard to convince the smaller states to give up that power.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | It was setup to represent states. The House represents
         | districts of people.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Yes, I understand the system and the original reasoning very
           | well, it's explained in detail in the Federalist papers. I'm
           | saying it is a bad one.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "The Senate is fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing
         | 350 million people"
         | 
         | They are intended to represent the states. The whole point was
         | so that smaller states aren't overpowered by the larger states.
         | We simply moved from the governors selecting them to the people
         | selecting them.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I understand the motive, I think it is far outweighed by the
           | harm it does, and it fundamentally undermines the modern
           | American compact. We simply do not live in a federation of
           | states in the way that the EU, this was much less clear and
           | more contested in the late 18th century.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "I think it is far outweighed by the harm it does"
             | 
             | But do you think the people in the less populous states
             | feel the same? If we do remove the senate or make it
             | population based, do you think people in those areas will
             | feel represented if they're steamrolled by the urban areas?
             | The point of democracy is to have some say (or the illusion
             | of it) in how the government acts. If you're never sided
             | with but have a large number of like minded people, how do
             | you think they will respond based on what history shows us?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > The point of democracy is to have some say (or the
               | illusion of it) in how the government acts.
               | 
               | People from small states will have a say. They will
               | oftentimes be crucial votes. The point of democracy is
               | not that some people get 10x voting power than others.
               | The point of democracy is not that you are entitled to
               | the swinging vote or disproportionate voting power.
               | 
               | I am from a place smaller than Wyoming that never got
               | representation in congress in the first place. I
               | understand how it feels to be unrepresented. Suggesting
               | that every US citizen ought to have an equal voice is
               | completely different from disenfranchisement and I'm not
               | sure why you are trying to muddy the waters here.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "Suggesting that every US citizen ought to have an equal
               | voice is completely different from disenfranchisement and
               | I'm not sure why you are trying to muddy the waters
               | here."
               | 
               | I'm pointing out the historical concern that is still
               | valid today. The purpose of the Senate isn't to represent
               | people, but to represent the states. The House represents
               | the people and that already has the proportional
               | representation you are seeking.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | > The House represents the people and that already has
               | the proportional representation you are seeking.
               | 
               | It explicitly does not due to Permanent Apportionment
               | Act. It is more proportional than the senate, but the
               | hard cap on the size of the House and it no longer
               | growing with population still fundamentally skews more
               | power per capita to lower population states.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | The big takeaway is that you are a location where you
               | could increase your political power infinitely by moving
               | to Wyoming, and let you remain.
               | 
               | Very few people move based on where they would have
               | voting influence.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Whether people do or do not move based on voting
               | influence is irrelevant to my argument. In fact, if
               | people did move based on where they have voting influence
               | it would be much less of a problem.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >Very few people move based on where they would have
               | voting influence.
               | 
               | Yeah, just the millionaires. Now billionaires. But with
               | internet and private jets they don't even need to move
               | anymore to exert power.
        
             | downrightmike wrote:
             | Compact is gone. They declared themselves domestic
             | terrorists at their conventions, then once in power they
             | declare anyone else are the domestic terrorists and start
             | disappearing citizens without due process to other
             | countries/cecot.
        
           | mjamesaustin wrote:
           | Yes, what's more fair is for the smaller states to overpower
           | the larger ones. Hooray for the Senate!
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Yes, what's more fair is for the smaller states to
             | overpower the larger ones."
             | 
             | Not really. Each state has equal power in the senate. But
             | the people in the larger states have more power in the
             | House. It's not possible for a smaller state to overpower a
             | larger one.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | When larger states have half the seats they should have,
               | it's very easy to overpower a larger state.
        
         | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
         | The insane thing about the US is that 350M people are being
         | represented. The government needs to represent a minority of
         | people in order to become functional again.
         | 
         | That said I bet the Senate exists in 500 years.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | The US will not see its quadricentennial without a new
           | constitution.
        
             | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
             | Ideally yes, but I think we could just continue to ignore
             | it like we've done in earnest since FDR
        
         | jandrewrogers wrote:
         | Senators represent their State government, not the people.
         | Americans didn't even vote for Senators until sometime in the
         | 20th century. Traditionally they were selected by the State
         | legislatures. Similarly, the President is the President of the
         | States, not the people.
         | 
         | If you don't have this then you don't have a Federal Republic.
         | 
         | The House of Representatives, on the other hand, is intended to
         | represent the people.
        
           | cthalupa wrote:
           | Intended to, but due to the Permanent Apportionment Act, does
           | not do so in actuality.
           | 
           | Congress is currently structured so that both chambers
           | provide outsized representation to lower population states.
           | With how the electoral college works, this also provides them
           | with outsized representation in presidential selection, as
           | well.
           | 
           | If it was reasonable to argue that the House should not
           | invest so much power into higher population states, then it
           | is reasonable to argue that the Senate should not invest so
           | much power into lower population states as well.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | The two-party political system is the most successful sham that
         | the US's aristocratic class has managed to pull off in the last
         | 100 years.
         | 
         | (A close second is the intense tribalism fueled by hot-take-
         | heavy social media.)
        
         | hnburnsy wrote:
         | > Simply no way something like it exists 200 years from now, it
         | is probably the biggest flaw in the US political structure
         | right now.
         | 
         | "Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of
         | Government except all those other forms that have been tried
         | from time to time"
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Exactly! We are in a 'time to time' 200-year period of trying
           | something other than equal-vote democracy, but ultimately it
           | is not going to be sustainable.
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | Opinions on this whole topic seem to revolve around how you
         | conceive of the states in the US. Do you seem them as
         | legitimate and important power structures, or essentially
         | arbitrary boundaries which are relics of the past?
         | 
         | To me, it is both fascinating and horrifying to imagine a
         | periodic "fractal redistricting" of boundaries. Imagine the
         | tension and chaos to reorganize the voting public and
         | administrative functions based on the census, with no
         | municipal, county, or state boundaries being set in stone...
        
         | par1970 wrote:
         | Are you arguing this?
         | 
         | (Premise 1) If a country has 350 million people, then the
         | Senate will produce unrepresentative outcomes.
         | 
         | (Premise 2) America has 350 million people.
         | 
         | (Conclusion 1) So, the Senate will produce unrepresentative
         | outcomes in America.
         | 
         | (Conclusion 2) So, the Senate is bad for America.
        
           | kulahan wrote:
           | The Senate is not the group meant to represent the _people_ ,
           | so why would you think OP is arguing this?
        
             | par1970 wrote:
             | I think OP is arguing that because they literally said "The
             | Senate is fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing
             | 350 million people and we're going to continue to get
             | absurd unrepresentative outcomes for as long as it remains
             | a relevant body."
             | 
             | What do you think they are arguing?
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | Right, but that's explicitly not the body of government
               | meant to represent people. So is he saying the Senate is
               | fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing _100
               | states_ , or is he saying _the House_ is fundamentally a
               | ridiculous way of representing 350 million people?
        
               | par1970 wrote:
               | Maybe we are talking past one another.
               | 
               | > Right, but that's explicitly not the body of government
               | meant to represent people.
               | 
               | I haven't claimed that the Senate was intended to
               | represent the people. I also haven't claimed that OP
               | claimed that the Senate was intended to represent the
               | people.
               | 
               | > So is he saying the Senate is fundamentally a
               | ridiculous way of representing 100 states, or is he
               | saying the House is fundamentally a ridiculous way of
               | representing 350 million people?
               | 
               | He didn't say either of those things. He said this "The
               | Senate is fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing
               | 350 million people."
        
         | theoldgreybeard wrote:
         | Senators are _supposed_ to be representatives of the State
         | Legislatures, not The People - that 's what the House of
         | Representatives is for.
         | 
         | The 17th amendment was a huge mistake.
        
           | cthalupa wrote:
           | And so was the Permanent Apportionment Act.
           | 
           | Revoke them both and we're much closer to what the founders
           | intended when it comes to Congress.
        
         | mmoustafa wrote:
         | We do not live in a democracy, we live in a _representative_
         | democracy. The founders simply had no option, you had to pick a
         | person, put them in a carriage, and send them to the capitol to
         | do your bidding (also why electoral college exists for
         | reporting votes, but I digress).
         | 
         | I always wonder what they would've created if everyone had a
         | device in their pocket to send their preferences directly to
         | the capitol at the speed of light.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | As the Greeks found, the only think worse than representative
           | democracy is direct democracy.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | _Vehemently_ disagree. I would much rather take our most
             | contentious issues (abortion, M4A, etc) put them on a
             | national ballot and let the general public decide. I don 't
             | agree with everything passed on ballot in my state, but I
             | respect that at least the majority voted for it.
        
               | kyrra wrote:
               | The problem is that proper legislation is a balance of
               | interests and working through the details of the policy.
               | If you put "abortion" on the ballot, what would that
               | mean? There are a ton of different possible policies on
               | what is or is not permissible.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | Haven't the Swiss solved this?
               | 
               | Maybe you Americans should figure out the first step of
               | engineering, which is to look at existing solutions and
               | learn from them :-p
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The Swiss have a representative democracy with a slightly
               | different way of 'representing'.
        
               | gsf_emergency_4 wrote:
               | The main thing the Swiss have that Americans don't are
               | referendums that can seriously challenge federal action.
               | And then there are the state versions of that. And they
               | don't have to wait for "the cycle". Or have results made
               | null by arbitrary veto powers.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > Vehemently disagree. I would much rather take our most
               | contentious issues (abortion, M4A, etc) put them on a
               | national ballot and let the general public decide
               | 
               | The problem with true direct democracy isn't how people
               | would handle high-level issues that are direct
               | reflections on people's basic values and principles, like
               | the two examples you mentioned.
               | 
               | The problem with true direct democracy is that every
               | single person becomes responsible for understanding the
               | intricacies of mundane-but-critical details of
               | administration, like the third-order effects of specific
               | tax policies, or actions that are currently delegated to
               | executive agencies.
               | 
               | Except in the extremely small scale, it quickly becomes
               | prohibitive to reasonably expect all those people to be
               | able to make informed decisions about all the necessary
               | parts.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | I'd like a hybrid system like we have in a number of
               | states. A mechanism for nationwide initiative petitions
               | would be nice. Then we can get nationwide consensus on
               | the high-level issues and leave the rest for the people
               | whose job it is to work out the details.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The worst laws come from direct amendments and petitions
               | because only the stuff no lawmaker actually wants their
               | name on (or could pass) goes there - and it gets gamed to
               | hell.
               | 
               | See the CA propositions - they turn into insane
               | population wide gaslighting competitions.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | So then it boils back down to 'most people are stupid'
               | and the reason we have representative democracy is so we
               | can cultivate a class of elites who are smart enough and
               | have enough skin in the game to make good decisions for
               | the rest of us.
               | 
               | People recoil at the idea, but isn't that sort of what
               | the founders were doing? They had beautiful, lofty ideals
               | on paper, but they were all wealthy, white, male
               | landowners. Their idea of "the People" might have been a
               | wee bit more limited than the generally accepted
               | definition today.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I'd rather have CA's props than an elected congressman
               | who ignores the will of the people
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | Why not a mixture of both? CA for instance had their
               | populace vote to ban gay marriage in prop 8, CA then just
               | told the voters to go fuck themselves and tied it up and
               | overturned it in court.
               | 
               | So you can see even if you literally amend the
               | constitution in california by popular referendum, those
               | in power can just tell the populace to go fuck themselves
               | and they won't be recognizing it, no matter that the
               | constitution is the supreme law of the state.
        
               | chimeracoder wrote:
               | > Why not a mixture of both? CA for instance had their
               | populace vote to ban gay marriage in prop 8, CA then just
               | told the voters to go fuck themselves and tied it up and
               | overturned it in court.
               | 
               | > So you can see even if you literally amend the
               | constitution in california by popular referendum, those
               | in power can just tell the populace to go fuck themselves
               | and they won't be recognizing it, no matter that the
               | constitution is the supreme law of the state.
               | 
               | Your argument would make sense if the courts had
               | overturned Prop 8 on the basis that it was
               | unconstitutional at the state level. But that's not what
               | happened.
               | 
               | The state case against Prop 8 was upheld by the courts.
               | The _federal_ courts ruled against it, in a completely
               | separate case, on the basis of the Equal Protection
               | Clause in the US constitution. Prop 8 amended the state
               | constitution; it did not amend the US constitution.
               | 
               | It's also a moot point, because Prop 8 was also repealed
               | by a subsequent ballot initiative, with 61% of the vote.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | Exactly. Stop playing political football with issues. Put
               | them to the people at let the voting public decide, and
               | be _done_ with it.
        
               | jdc0589 wrote:
               | I agree. I don't, and never will, trust politicians (of
               | any party) to actually represent their constituents
               | accurately. I understand everything can't be a direct
               | democracy, but we need some sort of a middle ground.
               | 
               | It's really weird to think about. I am a straight white
               | CIS male, with no extreme political or social views, my
               | family has been in the US for 150 years, im financially
               | well off, and I don't feel like I have accurate
               | trustworthy representation in government at any level. I
               | am the person that everyone says _is over represented_
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | There's a widespread misunderstanding about what
               | congresspeople do.
               | 
               | They are not elected to represent the views of their
               | constituents. Constituents, rather, elect those
               | representatives whose agendas they most closely support.
               | There's a subtle difference.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | >They are not elected to represent the views of their
               | constituents.
               | 
               | Yet another thing I vehemently disagree with.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | why do you write 'cis' in all caps? It's not any kind of
               | acronym, initialism, or otherwise; it's a Latinate
               | prefix.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | You have a huge, huge misunderstanding of how direct
               | democracy turns out.
               | 
               | Everyone with a job gets inundated with bullshit, even
               | eventually stops showing up (or paying attention) because
               | it's impossible to live and actual do that.
               | 
               | So then you end up with nut jobs doing whatever they want
               | _while having the votes_ because they are the only ones
               | who show up at 11am on a Tuesday when the daily vote is
               | happening.
               | 
               | Apps just tiktok'itize the whole process.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | You seem to have a very particular idea of how direct
               | democracy might be implemented; there's no reason it has
               | to be "show up at 11am on a Tuesday".
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I'm not saying we put every insignificant little thing on
               | the ballot, but lets say once every 4 years we take the
               | real hot button issues that congress perennially uses as
               | political football, and put them on a ballot. Abortion
               | legal before the age of viability, yes or no. Medicare
               | for all, yes or no. Legalizing cannabis, ditto.
               | 
               | I am sick and tired of congress basically ignoring the
               | will of the people because some rich dudes with superpacs
               | feel otherwise.
        
               | petsfed wrote:
               | Granted, but the problem with direct democracy is that
               | you either let issues be decided only by the most engaged
               | voters or you require participation from all, and issues
               | are decided based on who can present the most sexy case
               | on otherwise _very_ unsexy issues.
               | 
               | I'm not a huge fan of representative democracy, but for
               | direct democracy to work, we have to change society
               | sufficiently to let ignorant lay people become informed
               | enough on various issues to have a meaningful opinion on
               | them.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I'm ok with congress handling the day to day minutia of
               | government, but we should take all the highly partisan
               | crap and put it to the ballot, and be done with it.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _would much rather take our most contentious issues
               | (abortion, M4A, etc) put them on a national ballot and
               | let the general public decide_
               | 
               | Those are actually great examples of where federalism
               | _plus_ direct democracy works better than aggregated
               | democracy. There are fundamental worldview differencs on
               | abortion that a plebescite can 't reconcile. The failure
               | of direct democracy is it short circuits deliberation. So
               | to make it work, you need another layer where
               | deliberation occurs.
               | 
               | The Swiss seem to have solved this neatly: the
               | representative body deliberates, and then the population
               | gets and up-down vote.
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | Could it actually be worse?
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | I absolutely think so. Can you imagine if voting was
             | influenced directly by whatever memes were on Tiktok?
        
               | godzillabrennus wrote:
               | Given how Mamdani won in NYC I think we are already at
               | that stage.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | That one definitely reflects that the founders tended to
               | limit voting to those with higher level of stakes in
               | society (usually land owners).
               | 
               | While I'm not defending the practice, the parallel here
               | is lifelong NYC dwellers with family roots in NYC were
               | far less likely to vote for Mamdani than more recent
               | immigrants or residents. It was largely a vote of those
               | with the least stakes in NYC voting to overpower those
               | with the highest stakes in NYC.
        
             | Razengan wrote:
             | You could have actual semi-immortal magic users claiming to
             | be the Senate.
        
           | astroflection wrote:
           | Too bad there are no technologies that would allow the
           | citizenry to communicate nearly instantaneously and cast
           | their votes in a pseudo-anonymous manner.
        
             | swarnie wrote:
             | Impossible, we must interpret the intentions of some blokes
             | who died 220 years ago and try to assume what they would
             | have wanted.
             | 
             | Its the only way.
        
             | Towaway69 wrote:
             | It's a blockchain moment - finally a use case ;) /s
        
           | sershe wrote:
           | Federalist papers were very explicitly against direct
           | democracy, so... Not much?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _We do not live in a democracy, we live in a representative
           | democracy_
           | 
           | We live in a republic. Republics mix representative and
           | direct democracy with other featurs to become larger, safer
           | and more powerful than pure democracies have historically
           | been able to be.
           | 
           | The American republic, in my opinion, oversamples
           | representation and undersamples plebescite, lot and
           | ostracisation. (In Athens, elections were assumed biased to
           | the elites. Selection by lot, _i.e._ by random.)
           | 
           | In my opinion, a lot of the supermajority requirements for
           | legislation are better replaced with plebescite. (We have
           | national elections every two years.) In my opinion, Supreme
           | Court cases should be allocated by lot to a random slate of
           | appelate judges. And in my opinion, every election should
           | have a write-in line where, if more than X% of folks write in
           | a name, that person is not allowed to run for office in that
           | jurisdiction for N years.
           | 
           | The first requires a Constitutional amendment. The second
           | legislation by the Congress. The last may be enactable in
           | state law.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | It's worse than the founding though because Congress has
           | artificially capped its growth. If the house of
           | representatives followed the per capital ratios of the early
           | 20th century, we'd have more than 2x the representatives, if
           | it went back to the 18th century ratios we'd have thousands.
           | 
           | Only, since the 1930 house appropriation, the technology has
           | existed - the automobile, the telephone; by 1960 we had
           | flight, by the 90s we had widespread Internet and faxes.
           | 
           | Theb, the Senate is only made to be like the house of lords,
           | which by itself it now an antiquated concept.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | The issue is that post WW2 (and perhaps Great Depression) gave
         | the federal gov't too much power (and money), resulting in a
         | lot of low level meddling.
         | 
         | It's why we have federal law on everything from drugs to creeks
         | to porn, when these issues typically are better handled at the
         | state (or even lower) level.
        
         | maximilianburke wrote:
         | I don't think the senate is necessarily the _biggest_ flaw, but
         | it's close.
         | 
         | A bigger flaw I think is the apportionment of house reps, and
         | that the number of house reps hasn't changed in nearly 100
         | years.
         | 
         | Splitting the Dakota Territory into North and South to get two
         | extra senators is pretty egregious and should be counteracted
         | with DC and Puerto Rico being admitted as states.
        
         | bigstrat2003 wrote:
         | The Senate is one of the only things keeping the country from
         | becoming a tyranny of the top N biggest cities over everyone
         | else. We _need_ it, or something like it. People in coastal
         | cities openly hate the rest of the country, derisively
         | referring to it as  "flyover country"; there is zero chance
         | that people in such states would have their needs met in the
         | slightest under your system.
         | 
         | The real biggest problem in the US is the steady power grabs by
         | the federal government (most notably by FDR but he wasn't the
         | first and certainly wasn't the last). The federal government
         | has far too much power, completely illegally under the
         | Constitution, and it causes most of the acrimony in US
         | politics. You simply _cannot_ have one central body adequately
         | meet the needs of both NYC and rural Wyoming, but we are
         | determined as a society to keep jamming that square peg into
         | the round hole. We desperately need to dismantle power from the
         | federal government and return it to the states, who should 've
         | held it all along.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I don't hate the rest of the country and it is actually the
           | primary target of where I would support redistributing
           | resources from richer more productive states.
           | 
           | Smaller and more rural states are a massive beneficiaries of
           | the centralized system, especially the income taxation
           | system.
        
           | noelherrick wrote:
           | As someone in flyover country, I don't think anybody in the
           | coastal cities hates me, and I have never encountered someone
           | from a big urban area that has treated me badly based on
           | geography-that sounds like propaganda meant to divide people.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Equal State representation in the Senate is on the shortlist of
         | things that is practically impossible to amend [0], but I
         | propose a workaround:
         | 
         | Amend the state-formation rules [1] so that any state may
         | _subdivide without Senate approval_ , provided that (A) it
         | occurs entirely within its existing borders and (B) no
         | subdivision is smaller (less-populous) than the smallest
         | current state.
         | 
         | This means small states don't _have_ to give up their
         | disproportionate representation in the Senate... but they
         | cannot use that power to _monopolize_ it either. Any state
         | above a certain size ( >2x the smallest) may decide that its
         | constituents are best-served by fission.
         | 
         | For example, if California _really wanted to_ it could split
         | into anywhere between 2-67 states with just approval from the
         | House of Representatives. Due to diminishing returns, the
         | higher numbers are rather unlikely.
         | 
         | This satisfies Article V, Section 5, since no state is being
         | deprived of "equal suffrage": Each state has 2 senators, just
         | like before.
         | 
         | [0] https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-5/
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | Wasn't the senate just following the ask of 39 state Attorney
         | Generals to close the loop hole on concentrated THC products
         | made from hemp?
        
         | bickfordb wrote:
         | Since changing the constitution is difficult, maybe a
         | reasonable remedy to this would be to significantly increase
         | the number of states by population. In 1776 there were 13
         | states with a total population of 2.5M. There are now 50 states
         | (3.8x increase), with a total population of 340M (136x
         | increase). If we increased the number of states proportionally
         | to the population in 1776 that would result in ~1768 states,
         | almost one for every two counties.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Only takes President + a simple majority in the Senate to
           | make every US citizen a Supreme Court justice - and the
           | Supreme Court can conjure and erase legal obligations at
           | will.
        
         | codyb wrote:
         | Definitely time for structural change.
         | 
         | Here's my ideas...
         | 
         | The Senate - Give the territories 2 Senators, the tribes in the
         | reservations 2 Senators, and DC 2 Senators - Find some minimum
         | number of citizens to get a Senator and lump certain states
         | like the Dakotas together
         | 
         | The House - Same thing, add a rep per reservation, add reps for
         | the territories, add reps for DC - All maps drawn in a non
         | partisan manner to encourage competitive races between the
         | parties as opposed to unlosable districts which can never boot
         | these representatives who literally do nothing (won't even
         | _come to the table_ during this recent shutdown, literally left
         | DC for 7 weeks, wtf is that shit)
         | 
         | - Abolish Citizens United, politics needs to be boring
         | conversations about policy handled by decent representatives of
         | various constituencies, not a constant never ending shit cycle
         | where single individuals can pump tens and even hundreds of
         | millions of dollars to promote their own agendas
         | 
         | - Ranked choice voting everywhere
         | 
         | Maybe the territories get less representation.
         | 
         | The Senate has actually been a decent bulwark against the more
         | extreme positions some of these House members espouse,
         | presumably because of the sufficiently large samples you need
         | to get to win a Senate seat compared to some of the extremely
         | gerrymandered unlosable House seats.
         | 
         | There should be repurcussions for these Senators and House
         | members... congressional approval is famously less popular then
         | things like cockroaches, and it's been this way for decades.
         | Constant gridlock, totally toxic.
         | 
         | Time for change. Time for real representation. Time to get back
         | to boring. Time for choice. The time is now. Cause this race to
         | the bottom with unfettered dark money is doing nothing good for
         | anyone.
        
         | xdennis wrote:
         | > The Senate is fundamentally a ridiculous way of representing
         | 350 million people
         | 
         | The Senate does not represent the people. The House of
         | Representatives represents the people. The Senate represents
         | the states. That's why there are two senators per state and the
         | number of representatives depends on the population of the
         | state.
         | 
         | It's so bizarre when American's don't understand their own
         | democracy and a foreigner has to explain it to them.
         | 
         | The US founding fathers learned from history and designed the
         | US democracy to be more like the Roman system. In Greece they
         | had a more direct democracy. That led to mob mentality. The
         | Romans split the powers between different bodies and people.
         | There were two executives (consuls). There were two legislative
         | powers: the senate and the plebeian council.
         | 
         | The system was set up with conflicting groups. When they agreed
         | reforms were enacted, when they disagreed the country stays the
         | same. This was not a bug, it was an intentional feature.
         | 
         | The US democratic system was inspired by this.
         | 
         | Senators are supposed to represent states. That's why they were
         | appointed, not elected. Senators have only been elected from
         | 1913 when the 17th amendment passed.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | On a separate not, this is also why the US does not have direct
         | elections. The elector system is designed to take into account
         | states, not just people. If it didn't exist. Candidates would
         | only campaign in the populous east and west coast.
        
           | cthalupa wrote:
           | > The House of Representatives represents the people.
           | 
           | The House of Representatives represented the people until
           | 1929 and the Permanent Apportionment Act.
           | 
           | The reasoning campaigned on for this act? To protect low
           | population states from high population ones.
           | 
           | The House represents the people more than the Senate, but it
           | still provides proportionally more power per capita to lower
           | population states than higher population ones.
           | 
           | Repeal the 17th, overwrite the PAA, and we're back to
           | something more closely resembling what the founding fathers
           | intended. In the mean time, with the House having departed
           | from their intent, it's just as reasonable for people to
           | suggest the Senate depart from their intent too.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | I could say the same thing about the House of Reps, which has
         | been frozen since 1929 and represents 3x more people per
         | politician than it did then, is not equally distributed, and
         | holds far more power and rights today than it ever did in the
         | past.
        
       | ethin wrote:
       | This nonsense of tacking bills onto other bills needs to end. As
       | does this nonsensical fearmongering of Hemp and Marijuana.
       | Absolutely none of it is actually evidence-driven from what I
       | remember. I know the CDC has (had?) side effect stuff but I think
       | it might be very heavily exaggerated.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | The alcohol lobbyists did this.
       | 
       | > And in a letter Monday obtained by MJBizDaily, representatives
       | from major alcohol lobbies urged senators to thwart Paul's
       | efforts.
       | 
       | > His "shortsighted actions could threaten the delicately
       | balanced deal to reopen the federal government," a Nov. 10 letter
       | from the American Distilled Spirits Alliance, Distilled Spirits
       | Council, Wine Institute, Beer Institute and Wine America reads.
       | 
       | https://mjbizdaily.com/trump-backs-hemp-thc-ban-included-in-...
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | That's my guess too. Here in Canada, certain alcohol sales have
         | been in decline since legalization. Not surprising.
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | The wealthy weed stock / dispensary people wanted it as much as
         | anything else. Note many of the senators voting against the
         | amendment to fix it, were pro-marijuana senators from legal
         | weed states.
         | 
         | Hemp was a way for mom and pops to get in the game because the
         | regulatory overhead was much lower. They were small private
         | operators that could enter with low start-up costs, in a free-
         | market like environment.
         | 
         | No one could have seriously thought it was going to last. The
         | likes of Philip Morris type enterprises who pay a gazillion
         | dollars for state dispensary licensing, state chain of custody,
         | zoning, permits, state testing, etc are not going to just let
         | some guy in his basement start shipping out THCa hemp with
         | nothing more than a couple hundred dollars in capital and a
         | Square terminal, no they're going to call on their contacts to
         | ban it.
         | 
         | History shows us time and time again the state will destroy the
         | free market and create regulations that don't actually help
         | people but rather ensure the barriers are such that their
         | wealthy friends will capture almost all the profits.
        
           | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
           | Both senators from NY, Washington, California, and Illinois
           | voted for this.
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | is this the ongoing legacy of big pharma influence in government?
       | there must be some reason why tapping this sign is not good
       | enough for their purposes, maybe it's too hard to enforce
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Analogue_Act
        
         | antonvs wrote:
         | Another comment pointed to the alcohol industry:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45917173
        
           | luxuryballs wrote:
           | is it conspiratorial to wonder that if enough of the owners
           | are the same investment groups they can move alcohol industry
           | pieces on behalf of other industries they also own, then they
           | have token industries already tainted and ready to accept
           | newly thrown tomatoes instead of the ivory ones
        
       | ratelimitsteve wrote:
       | our congress has been intentionally rendered non-functional by
       | people who are open about the fact that they want the president
       | to be a dictator.
       | 
       | edit: as always, downvotes are invited to rebut. as always, they
       | will not.
        
         | ge96 wrote:
         | it's not their problem until it is eg. snap
        
           | intermerda wrote:
           | The comment by one supporter during the first term's shutdown
           | shows everything
           | 
           | > "He's not hurting the people he needs to be": a Trump voter
           | says the quiet part out loud
           | 
           | https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
           | politics/2019/1/8/18173678/tr...
        
         | hollywood_court wrote:
         | And you're being downvoted by folks who know your statement is
         | true yet they don't care. Well, they don't care right now.
        
           | ratelimitsteve wrote:
           | thank you for acknowledging. I know what it means when my
           | comment has a negative score but all the replies are
           | supportive.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | Don't forget about the people who want to coverup the fact that
         | our president is a pedophile, too.
         | 
         | The house got a nice paid vacation during the shutdown & Mike
         | Johnson left an Arizona district without representation for
         | weeks to this end.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | At least they didn't flag this entire thread like they often do
         | in the guise of keeping HN apolitical.
        
           | ratelimitsteve wrote:
           | "I don't think that everything the state of Israel is doing
           | is 100% above reproach"
           | 
           | there, that should get rid of this thread in a hurry
        
       | mlmonkey wrote:
       | Each and every character inserted in a Bill _must_ have an owner:
       | who inserted that character.
       | 
       | Google Docs can do this. Why can't the Congress??
        
         | ShroudedNight wrote:
         | I agree with the sentiment in general, but in this case it
         | seems extremely well known:
         | 
         | https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-11-11/mcconnell-paul-clash-ove...
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | This whole affair was Congress at its swampiest.
       | 
       | GOP: We are holding firm on a _clean_ extension bill. We will
       | shut down the government for the longest stretch in the history
       | of the nation because we are so dedicated to our pure and honest
       | principles.
       | 
       | Democrats: We will use the same leverage that GOP has used time
       | and time again by forcing them to choose between nuking the
       | filibuster or (in our case, this time) negotiating to preserve
       | health care access for millions.
       | 
       | GOP: We will absolutely not preserve access to health care for a
       | single person (ok _fine_ : one person[1]), but we will reopen the
       | government if you allow us to embezzle millions personally, and
       | also extort the cannabis industry.
       | 
       | Democrats: Sold!
       | 
       | [1] https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-
       | news/2025/11/03/nx...
        
         | khuey wrote:
         | What actually happened is that a group of squishy Democrats and
         | Angus King didn't actually want the filibuster nuked so when
         | they realized Republicans weren't going to extend the ACA
         | subsidies they called the whole thing off without even reading
         | the bill they were going to pass.
         | 
         | The hemp ban isn't even the shadiest part, the self-dealing of
         | allowing certain Senators who were connected to a putsch to
         | loot the treasury is even more egregious.
        
           | adamors wrote:
           | The fact that all 8 are either retiring or not facing
           | reelection in 2026 means that this was probably orchestrated
           | by the minority leadership.
           | 
           | It's exactly 8 senators, safe seats, no comments from
           | Schumer. There is no coup.
        
             | khuey wrote:
             | I didn't say those 8 were the only 8 members of said group.
        
             | missingcolours wrote:
             | This is what always happened with Republican shutdowns too.
             | 
             | - You get nothing
             | 
             | - Eventually everyone understands they're going to get
             | nothing, so they ask some sacrificial lambs to vote to end
             | it while they posture and pretend they would have "kept
             | fighting"
             | 
             | With Republicans this was called "RINOs" and "tea party"
             | but it's the same thing now.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | Was there every a real clean bill offramp available early in
         | the shutdown?
         | 
         | I think the Democrat's mistake was as much as they were backing
         | a popular policy, they didn't have the "clean bill" high
         | ground, the Republicans are less concerned with government
         | services, and they were backed into an end date with
         | Thanksgiving travel coming up, so it would always get earmarks
         | attached.
         | 
         | What the Democrats got right was they wanted a fight, and at
         | first, the majority was on their side.
        
         | dangus wrote:
         | 8 individual Democrats. Don't lump in the rest who held the
         | line.
         | 
         | You are "both sides"ing this when the GOP is the only side that
         | worked tirelessly to end healthcare subsidies and allow
         | America's poorest to go hungry.
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | While true, at least in the Senate there are questions as to
           | whether those 8 were selected to fall on their swords by
           | Democratic leadership because they either aren't running
           | again or aren't up for re-election in 2026. These questions
           | are coming from the progressive part of the party and
           | progressive supporters.
        
           | adamors wrote:
           | 8 individual democrats, the exact number needed for the vote
           | to pass, all of whom are either out the door or safe from
           | reelection in 2026. Quite the coincidence.
        
             | edbaskerville wrote:
             | You can blame Chuck Schumer, but I agree that it's wrong to
             | blame the rest of them.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | I blame the rest of them because of their reaction. House
               | is torching the ones who caved. Not much commentary from
               | the actual colleagues who "opposed" this maneuver.
        
             | dangus wrote:
             | Those 8 people still needed to agree to change their vote
             | and the responsibility is ultimately on them.
             | 
             | And this is yet another political trope: Democrats are
             | always blamed for everything by everyone including their
             | own voters.
             | 
             | Republicans have majorities in the entire federal
             | government, but the shutdown is the Democrats' fault
             | because they wanted a bill with healthcare preserved.
             | 
             | The majority party isn't blamed for failing to promote a
             | consensus because they have R's next to their names.
             | 
             | If the shutdown never happened and senate democrats just
             | voted yes on the spending bill cutting healthcare they'd be
             | blamed for rolling over to Republican policy and failing to
             | use their filibuster to pressure Republicans to compromise.
             | 
             | When will anything be the GOP's fault?
             | 
             | Are we forgetting that Donald Trump blocked SNAP
             | disbursements that a court ordered him to restore? The GOP
             | is going above and beyond to shut down the government more
             | than it is legally supposed to be shut down.
             | 
             | The Democrats actually did some political good by putting a
             | spotlight on the GOP's quiet attempts to demolish social
             | programs, and they pulled back as soon as they found out
             | that our president was willing to starve poor people over
             | the issue, something that a normal human with basic morals
             | would never do.
             | 
             | Next time Democrats are in control and Republicans pull the
             | same government shutdown strategy to block a Democrat
             | policy initiative, it'll magically be the Democrats' fault
             | because "they are in charge."
             | 
             | By the way, zero government shutdowns under Joe Biden.
        
               | robryan wrote:
               | Was it actually a cut or was it not renewing something
               | that was expiring? A bill to fund the government seems
               | like the wrong place to be debating new spending.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | >Those 8 people still needed to agree to change their
               | vote and the responsibility is ultimately on them
               | 
               | Cool, so we're hoping for a Christmas Carol to come in
               | and show them the error of their ways in a dream?
               | 
               | Its the rest of the senator's responsibility to convince
               | them. As it is their constituents. We're all a bit at
               | fault here.
               | 
               | >When will anything be the GOP's fault?
               | 
               | The evil within will always be worse than the evil you
               | know. No one expects the devil to turn another leaf, but
               | will chastise Judas for betraying Jesus.
               | 
               | Meanwhile the GOP has embraced the evil. They made things
               | very easy for themselves.
        
             | mothballed wrote:
             | I wonder what those 8 got in return? They are going to take
             | a lot of flack, they must have demanded something. You
             | don't get anywhere in politics by being the type of person
             | who would just offer something for nothing.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | They either aren't rerunning or aren't on the 2026
               | ballot. Some are taking an exit package. Others hope this
               | blows over when 2028 or even 2030 come for reelection.
               | 
               | If you believe the commentary of one of the defectors, he
               | said (Paraphrasing) "I got my first good sleep since the
               | shutdown began... I didn't have to worry about people
               | eyeing me as I walked into work". So if you take that at
               | face value it was everyday interactions that had him
               | fold. Easier to crush the hopes of the invisible
               | population you represent than look uncouth to your
               | visible peers.
        
           | in_cahoots wrote:
           | The fact that 8 individuals voted says nothing about how any
           | of them actually felt. It's not a coincidence that none of
           | them are up for reelection soon. This was all done with the
           | blessing of leadership, they were just the sacrificial lambs.
           | 
           | In Nancy Pelosi's memoir there is a story about some red-
           | state Democrat who came out publicly against Pelosi on some
           | issue. Turns out the entire scheme was her idea- make the
           | representative look good to his own state by throwing herself
           | under the bus.
           | 
           | I'm not saying any of this is good or bad, but _this_ is what
           | politics actually is. A bunch of behind the scenes scheming
           | to advance leadership 's agenda. Not individual politicians
           | voting for what they think is best.
        
           | hamdingers wrote:
           | 8 democrats who don't care about reelection right now, who
           | were up for a turn as the rotating villain.
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | "Preserve Access to Healthcare"
         | 
         | =
         | 
         | "We will not extend taxpayer subsidies that Democrats set to
         | expire at this point while they were in office, to continue
         | masking the inflated cost of healthcare due to the atrocious
         | ACA bill that Democrats forced on the country on party lines,
         | to make the failures less obvious in the run up to midterms
         | while Democrats hold hostage federal workers, military
         | families, airlines, etc."
         | 
         | FIFY
        
           | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
           | Leftists hate our current healthcare so much that they openly
           | celebrate the murder of a healthcare CEO, but then also
           | screech when the GOP tries to end that system.
        
             | mullingitover wrote:
             | This idea that there's just left and right is very quaint.
             | The bigger divide today is pro- and anti-establishment,
             | plenty of the 'right-wing' Trump voters were also
             | celebrating what happened to Brian Thompson.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, the ACA was quite frankly a love letter to
             | conservatives.
             | 
             | It kept the US profit-driven system on life support, and
             | it's a form of the same system proposed by Nixon, and again
             | by republicans during the Clinton administration's push for
             | healthcare reform, and the system enacted by Mitt Romney in
             | Massachusetts.
             | 
             | The only reason republicans opposed it on party lines
             | during the Obama administration was politics: they were
             | forced to denounce the system they loved due to their
             | status as the opposition party. In another universe they
             | would've celebrated their president signing it into law.
             | 
             | Actual leftists are probably fine with ending the current
             | system because it will bring so much pain to the voting
             | public that it might actually get them off their asses to
             | bring in single payer. As the saying goes: "You can always
             | count on Americans to do the right thing, after they have
             | tried everything else."
        
             | cthalupa wrote:
             | More than a decade later, the GOP has still yet to present
             | an alternative healthcare plan to the ACA. Actual leftists
             | have continued to push and argue for a true single payer
             | system.
             | 
             | The ACA Is far from perfect but it was a significant step
             | up from what we had before, and the party that spends all
             | of their time trashing it has never made any sort of
             | serious attempt at creating any sort of alternative.
        
               | brightball wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45920924
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Ben Carson has not put forth anything even remotely
               | resembling a practical replacement for the ACA. He hasn't
               | even been able to put forth any sort of consistent plan.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | A principled "small government" alternative would be ...
               | nothing. Their view is that the federal government should
               | have no role in providing health insurance.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Sure, but that's not actually the position of the GOP or
               | their constituents, or even the pre-ACA situation.
               | 
               | The amount of people that actually want the government to
               | have no role in providing health insurance or health care
               | in this country is vanishingly small.
        
             | SauciestGNU wrote:
             | This wasn't about ending that system, it was about
             | preserving that system and further entrenching it at a more
             | substantial cost to the end users of healthcare, who tend
             | to be some of those least able to afford it.
        
           | the_gastropod wrote:
           | The ACA was literally dreamed up by The Heritage Foundation,
           | a right-wing think tank. This idea that it was some partisan
           | thing Democrats forced on the country is hilarious. It was
           | always a bending-over-backwards compromise solution to
           | maintain the for-profit system.
           | 
           | There's a reason that, after 15 years freaking out about it,
           | Republicans still have no plan for replacing it. Virtually
           | any change, outside of more socialization, will make health
           | outcomes worse.
        
             | brightball wrote:
             | Party lines...
             | 
             | Senate:
             | https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/111-2009/s396
             | 
             | House: https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/111-2010/h165
             | 
             | There's always been a plan to replace it with the only
             | economically viable plan that can reduce the cost of
             | healthcare. The same plan Dr. Ben Carson has been talking
             | about for years.
             | 
             | It's the only solution proposed by anyone from either party
             | that would work.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Ben Carson has been talking about a variety of half baked
               | plans for years. He has gone back and forth over and over
               | on who is funding the health savings accounts, what he
               | plans to do with medicare and medicaid, etc. None of
               | these ever-shifting plans have ever been able to answer
               | all of the questions, which is why they are ever
               | shifting.
        
         | vjvjvjvjghv wrote:
         | This whole process has shown again that a democracy can only
         | function if everybody or at least most politicians act in good
         | faith and respect the rules . If you constantly ignore
         | boundaries, the whole things falls apart. I honestly have no
         | idea how the US can return to some level of sanity. It just
         | gets worse and worse. Lots of energy is being wasted on
         | posturing and coherent long term policy is basically
         | impossible. I really worry where this is going.
        
           | mullingitover wrote:
           | This whole process was the epitome of anti-democratic
           | principles by design: the Senate is expressly an anti-
           | democratic institution (wildly different levels of
           | representation/power for different voters in different
           | states), and the whole standoff centered on protecting the
           | filibuster, which makes the anti-democratic senate even less
           | democratic by allowing a tiny group within that tiny group to
           | shut down the entire lawmaking process.
           | 
           | It's exactly what the founders, who all read Plato's
           | _Republic_ and its warnings about republics devolving into
           | democracy, wanted.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | Hard disagree, I think time has proven that the filibuster
             | (or some process like it) is necessary as a stabilizing
             | effect on democracy. Making legislation easier to block
             | than pass makes it so that small swings in representation,
             | say 51-49 to 49-51 can't produce massive swings in policy.
             | The minority party being able to, with effort, stop certain
             | pieces of legislation they find abhorrent by raising the
             | bar to it passing is a good thing.
             | 
             | The Veto is also profoundly undemocratic in exactly the
             | same direction and it's also a good thing.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | The Senate is already an antidemocratic brake/stabilizer.
               | Adding a brake to it is stultifying.
               | 
               | > so that small swings in representation, say 51-49 to
               | 49-51 can't produce massive swings in policy
               | 
               | Exactly, and this is bad. Voters should all know that
               | every vote matters. The current setup creates the false
               | impression that both parties would fundamentally steer
               | the ship the same way ("uniparty"). The path to a
               | government that is more responsive to the needs of
               | citizens involves allowing winning parties to actually
               | govern.
               | 
               | I would argue that we want a more responsive, dynamic
               | government that attempts to represent us. The filibuster
               | is in direct direct opposition to all of that.
               | 
               | The GOP won the last national elections. They should be
               | allowed to end SNAP, ACA, EPA, Labor Dept, NSF, Dept. of
               | Education, FDA, all science grants, Medicaid, put armed
               | military checkpoints on every city block, end legal
               | immigration, and zero out federal funding to any school
               | that is closed on the federal MLK Jr holiday[1]. (And to
               | the extent that those things are not legal now, they have
               | the votes to make them legal.)
               | 
               | And then in '26 and '28, voters should decide whether
               | they agree with that vision for how the country should be
               | run.
               | 
               | The result will be a much more responsive, dynamic system
               | where Congress cares more about what we voters think.
               | 
               | 1 - taken loosely from the 2024 GOP party platform and
               | administration statements from this year
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > The result will be a much more responsive, dynamic
               | system where Congress cares more about what we voters
               | think.
               | 
               | Or an overwhelming switch the other direction, just as
               | chaotic and unpopular, continuing to swing back and forth
               | every four years.
               | 
               | Who knows, maybe the overreach of the current party in
               | power (even though "won the last national elections"
               | meaning less than 50% of the cast vote, but that's
               | another discussion) will cause a swing the other
               | direction so hard that the opposition party gains a
               | supermajority in congress. Things will be more stable in
               | that case, if not universally popular, because well-
               | crafted legislation is a good bit harder to reverse than
               | executive orders.
        
               | johnnyanmac wrote:
               | It hasn't done a good job stabilizing for decades in this
               | case. The power of the people was stripped unilaterally
               | and none of these mechanisms stopped it.
        
         | mrguyorama wrote:
         | Why is the hemp ban shady at all?
         | 
         | Using farm bill hemp to produce CBD and THC is not the intended
         | point of that bill. Plenty of states have set up actual, real
         | legalized cannabis industries that benefit from regulation
         | (like required mold testing).
         | 
         | The products created from this oversight are a dumb loophole.
         | If you want cannabis, just vote for people to legalize it, it's
         | really not hard. The only reason it continues to be illegal
         | federally is the GOP, and most of their voters say they want it
         | at minimum decriminalized. Even my brother who thinks we
         | shouldn't give addicts narcan (let them die) thinks it's dumb
         | that we punish people for smoking weed.
         | 
         | But they vote for people who want to keep it illegal so....
        
           | mothballed wrote:
           | > Plenty of states have set up actual, real legalized
           | cannabis industries that benefit from regulation (like
           | required mold testing).
           | 
           | None of that cannabis is federally legal either, and relies
           | on the same precarious position that 'hemp' industry will
           | still be in of operating a massive ongoing criminal
           | enterprise. It's just that rather than legalize the 'real'
           | cannabis the big cannabis lobby and their politicians settled
           | for swiping at their hemp competitor and make them go on the
           | black market too so they could better capture the profits, as
           | evidenced by the fact even 'legal' weed state senators voted
           | to put 'hemp' in the same illegal category their illegal
           | 'legal' weed sits in.
           | 
           | In fact, under the old hemp rules, there was pending federal
           | regulatory framework for testing hemps products (they were
           | still operating under deferred DEA testing regime, so
           | currently testing is largely being done privately with COAs
           | being furnished by most CBD farms, if you have even the
           | slightest concern you can order from a vendor with full
           | contamination reports and chemical breakdown). For marijuana,
           | absolutely no federal requirement as it's just illegal with
           | no provision. So the situation is the exact opposite as you
           | had concerned, with regard to the part of government we are
           | speaking of.
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | What I learned is Democrats don't have the guts for a shutdown,
         | and Republicans do.
         | 
         | Republicans are completely willing to make people suffer in
         | order to take away their health care.
         | 
         | Democrats are unwilling to make people suffer temporarily in
         | order to protect health care.
         | 
         | So I don't see how a shutdown should ever happen again.
         | Democrats are going to roll over, even when it's politically
         | beneficial to them and to the country to keep pressure on.
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | Alcohol lobbyists did this. Amazing swamp :(
       | 
       | I was really stupid to think Republicans wanted a clean CR and
       | Democrats wanted to help people with insurance.
       | 
       | Both sides wanted to slip in something their lobbyists wanted,
       | and they did it. Win.
        
         | jLaForest wrote:
         | Only one side wrote in million dollar payouts direct into their
         | pocket from the Treasury...
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | One thing I think most Americans can agree on is that Congress is
       | utterly useless.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | We need to be careful with that sentiment. It plays into the
         | hands of those who want to give the President and the current
         | Supreme Court all the power. Congress was set up in the
         | Constitution to be the branch that represents the people. It's
         | supposed to be fully independent and wield the most power.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | You mean like the current president that has been skipping
           | over congress for a number of things, and the supreme court
           | that has been doing little to stop him? Our institutions
           | aren't _failing_ they 've _already failed_.
        
             | goatlover wrote:
             | And that can change over the next couple of elections. What
             | the current regime would like is for the electorate to
             | think Congress is useless and not bother voting the
             | majority out of power. There's already enough apathetic and
             | disaffected voters who think voting doesn't matter.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Congress is directly responsible for _causing_ this
               | problem. Elections aren 't going to change it because
               | they redistrict to prevent it. They're a bunch of elites
               | only interested in enriching themselves and holding
               | office until they die.
        
       | phendrenad2 wrote:
       | This is from 3 days ago. Did this part of the bill actually make
       | it in? Like, asking for a friend, maaaaaan.
        
         | ethin wrote:
         | Yep, it did. If I have the right bill (H. R. 5371), it's SEC.
         | 781 if you want to see the actual text. (The table of contents
         | is horribly bad though, and only covers divisions and titles
         | and nothing beneath it though.)
        
           | phendrenad2 wrote:
           | Thank you. I try to avoid reading bills for that reason.
        
       | ryandvm wrote:
       | Citizens United
       | 
       | The more money you allow in politics, the more politics becomes
       | about money.
        
       | bakies wrote:
       | Cannabis needs to be reclassified. I think this is the right
       | thing to do, actually, but only if it came at the same time as
       | reclassifying. This is a drug market that should be regulated,
       | but not class 1.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | That seems to be an alcohol industry complaint. That it isn't
         | taxed and regulated like booze
         | 
         | Most US problems come down to inability of congress to just
         | figure out basic stuff like regulating weed. Same with the
         | getting rid of the penny, immigration, tariffs/executive power,
         | doing a proper and legal DOGE etc. They mostly just sit on the
         | sidelines of the big ticket items and focus instead on spending
         | money in their own states.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | People upthread are arguing about the senate as a system, but
         | how much does that really matter when wildly popular things,
         | like legalizing marijuana, are not even considered by _anyone_
         | in congress? A majority of Americans are in favor of this, _and
         | have been for over a decade_.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | > wildly popular things, like legalizing marijuana, are not
           | even considered by anyone in congress?
           | 
           | Because it's not "not considered by anyone".
           | 
           | Democrats have been _demonstrably_ decriminalizing and
           | legalizing weed all over the country, and the Democrats in
           | the federal government have been pushing and submitting and
           | trying to make it happen.
           | 
           | It's republicans. They are the ones that continually
           | stonewall a measure the vast majority of their constituents
           | support, and they are the ones that somehow still get elected
           | despite that.
           | 
           | Show me the democrats preventing legalization of weed
           | federally.
           | 
           | Show me the democrats who invite cop associations to talk at
           | their meetings about how dangerous weed is. Show me the
           | democrats who are taking money from cop associations or
           | prison lobbying organizations who very explicitly want to
           | keep weed illegal.
           | 
           | Stop overgeneralizing! It's literally how things are this
           | bad! Blame who is actually at fault!
        
             | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
             | I'm confused, only 22 democratic senators tried to stop
             | this, plus Paul and Cruz. They just did outlaw it only
             | because it is not called "marijuana".
             | 
             | Is it necessary to recount how this entire split is
             | partially due to racism, anyway?
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | This law is about banning hemp companies from selling
               | psychoactive products. It is about protecting weed
               | companies from unregulated competition. The libertarians
               | voted against it because they want to get rid of the
               | regulation the weed companies face, not because they care
               | more about legalizing weed,
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | The DEA started hearings on rescheduling marijuana last year.
           | It's currently on hold pending an appeals court case.
        
           | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
           | I had read a while ago, and I struggle to really argue with
           | it, that legalizing marijuana is simply the carrot on the
           | stick.
           | 
           | Many Republicans are just against it out right, and many
           | Democrats are either indifferent or know that promising to
           | legalize it will mobilize a subset of voters who prioritize
           | it above else (or may just not vote at all otherwise, over
           | 30% of Americans don't vote after all).
           | 
           | It'd explain why there's been so many opportunities to
           | reschedule the drug, and why in some states even when they
           | had the numbers to pass legalization, they still don't. Or do
           | so with extra incentives (often the actual sale of it) to
           | come later (vote next cycle!).
        
             | mebizzle wrote:
             | AKA, the system at work and our issues just become
             | bargaining chips for influence by the parties.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | Why should cannabis be regulated at all? 99.99% of problems
         | with marijuana that ive ever seen or heard of stem from its
         | either its illegality or its overzealous regulation.
        
       | ProllyInfamous wrote:
       | If you're _anywhere near Cherokee, North Carolina_ ... it 's
       | _definitely worth the drive / prices_.
       | 
       | These natives certainly _know what they 're doing_ with their
       | dependant-domestic sovereign nation.
        
       | lunias wrote:
       | Surely we must be ignoring the rules...
        
       | runako wrote:
       | During every GOP administration at any state or local level, you
       | can be sure that two things will happen:
       | 
       | - individuals will lose some freedoms
       | 
       | - the most powerful companies will get more freedoms
        
         | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
         | 76/100 senators voted to keep this provision. 39/50 states sent
         | requests to Congress to have this banned. It is a bipartisan
         | effort.
        
           | runako wrote:
           | Yes, none of this is in conflict with my message.
        
             | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
             | Blame everybody who is responsible, please.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | You're making a different point than I am. Please go back
               | and re-read my comment and see how it is different than
               | the point you are making.
               | 
               | If you still don't think we are making different points,
               | please go back and re-read my comment again, but slower.
               | If that doesn't help, you may consider asking one of the
               | popular LLMs.
        
           | darkhorse222 wrote:
           | So would that be almost all republicans and half of
           | democrats?
        
         | bilsbie wrote:
         | That's not limited to GOP.
        
       | mothballed wrote:
       | Even the legal weed state senators were voting for this.
       | 
       | It is mostly about shifting profits from mom and pop, low
       | regulation hemp industry to wealthy corporations that own
       | dispensaries that have gargantuan regulatory costs that gatekeep
       | out most the competition. This ensures profits are captured by
       | the wealthy rather than small family type setups.
       | 
       | Wealthy former hemp companies will shift to the "legal" weed
       | market, while the mom and pops will get completely wiped out.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | Corporations are eroding democracy with their powerful lobbies.
         | They have too much money and influence. And yet too much of the
         | electorate has been convinced it's good for the economy to just
         | let them and the super rich have free reign.
        
         | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
         | 76/100 senators voted to keep this provision.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | I'm not sure how this relates to the above comment.
           | 
           | EDIT: I'm assuming this is to point out it's a bipartisan
           | effort. Well, yes, there isn't exactly a pro-people party.
        
             | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
             | It says that weed supporting stats voted for this. They
             | did.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | Both Senators in California, my state, voted for the ban.
           | Neither has explained why.
        
             | GloriousKoji wrote:
             | I didn't want to believe you so I went to the source: https
             | ://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1...
             | 
             | wtf.
        
             | henryfjordan wrote:
             | Newsom recently banned hemp-based THC at the state level
             | anyway, so there's no real change in California.
             | 
             | https://www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com/us-
             | states/california/n...
             | 
             | They were taking very low % hemp that is supposed to be for
             | textiles and extracting the little THC there was into low
             | quality vapes. Because they didn't need the state growers
             | licenses to grow hemp, there was no mechanism to test for
             | pesticides and such. When we do have all that
             | infrastructure for legal THC regulation, why allow people
             | to sidestep all that?
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | I don't understand how this has anything to do with
               | federal hemp law, under federal law marijuana doesn't
               | have any testing requirements either as it's just plain
               | illegal. So what does California have to gain in testing
               | by dumping hemp into the marijuana bucket at a federal
               | level, neither of which improves the testing requirements
               | in California? California could simply require hemp to be
               | tested, but making hemp federally illegal does nothing on
               | that point.
               | 
               | The only answer I can think of is that hemp grown outside
               | of California was competing with california 'legal' weed,
               | the testing angle is non-sensical since this change in
               | law moves hemp from 'kind of required to be tested (but
               | none of the DEA testing implemented, so it's done
               | privately and sometimes not at all), but poorly' to
               | 'illegal' and marijuana still at 'illegal'.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | In general this kind of excuse is used by incumbents to
               | pass laws to thwart competition.
               | 
               | You have some regulatory framework which has already been
               | created by captured regulators, so it has a couple of
               | rules that it ought to have (always the ones pointed to
               | in order to justify it) and then others that exist merely
               | to exclude competitors or make sure fixed costs are high
               | enough that only large incumbents can meet them.
               | 
               | The latter set of rules are unreasonable so the market
               | finds a way around them. The incumbents then call this a
               | "loophole" and insist that the competitors be forced into
               | the entire framework rather than just the subset of
               | reasonable rules they'd be able to satisfy without being
               | destroyed. Which destroys them, as intended.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | > They were taking very low % hemp that is supposed to be
               | for textiles and extracting the little THC there was into
               | low quality vapes.
               | 
               | This is not at all what was happening. These aren't some
               | special strains or cultivars where there is a remnant of
               | THC that is getting squeezed out from a large quantity of
               | plants to make a small quantity of product - they are
               | same strains and cultivars being used by the legal
               | dispensaries. It is a matter of timing and process -
               | harvest and undercure the flower and it will not have
               | converted enough THCa to Delta9 THC to hit the legal
               | limit. In fact, many legal operations follow similar
               | timing on harvesting and similar processing - the flower
               | in your local dispensary is still mostly THCa, and a good
               | chunk of it is likely under the limit for D9 THC as well.
               | 
               | Much if it is effectively the exact same thing under a
               | different label.
               | 
               | > When we do have all that infrastructure for legal THC
               | regulation, why allow people to sidestep all that?
               | 
               | I do agree here. There's no need for the unregulated
               | market when a proper legal market exists.
        
               | henryfjordan wrote:
               | oh, I didn't know that. That's even more nefarious than I
               | thought. Thanks for the info!
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | I'm not sure I understand how this is particularly
               | nefarious. It complies with the law as written, and
               | results in a significantly better product for those
               | choosing to consume it.
        
               | henryfjordan wrote:
               | If it was a textile-style-hemp farmer getting the last
               | few bucks out of their crop via a loophole, that I can
               | understand. Not great, but I can rationalize it.
               | 
               | Someone growing the same plant that is regulated by
               | California but decides they don't need testing or
               | licenses is just plain anti-social. You can't not know
               | you're doing something wrong in that case.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Most of the sales are in states where marijuana has not
               | been legalized, from my understanding.
               | 
               | I'm more concerned with ending an absurd prohibition,
               | personally.
        
           | cthalupa wrote:
           | Legal weed senators were voting for it because their
           | constituents include people growing legal weed. The hemp
           | product market competes with these constituents.
           | 
           | The anti-weed senators were voting for it because they are
           | anti-weed.
        
             | port11 wrote:
             | Honest question but how is hemp competing with weed? Are
             | these different plants?
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | The product being sold at your local dispensary is
               | produced, marketed, distributed, and sold by an entirely
               | different chain of businesses and people than the product
               | being sold at your local head shop.
               | 
               | THCa/Delta8/similar products are produced under an
               | oversight in the hemp legislation and different
               | businesses are taking advantage of that than those
               | involved in the legal marijuana trade.
        
               | hnuser123456 wrote:
               | It's the same plant, but hemp refers to the leaves and
               | plant matter that isn't the THC-rich flower buds.
        
               | henryfjordan wrote:
               | They are the same species, but it's a Brussel-sprouts vs
               | Broccoli type situation where they started as the same
               | plant but have been selectively bred for different
               | purposes
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | The THCa/Delta8 stuff is not brussel-sprouts vs.
               | broccoli. They difference is in timing around harvest and
               | process. They're growing many of the exact same cultivars
               | as what is sold in a proper dispensary (and indeed, much
               | of what is sold in dispensaries would actually qualify
               | because they actually have very low levels of Delta9 in
               | them)
               | 
               | You can effectively just under-cure the exact same plant
               | and get something that comes in under the limit.
        
               | un1xl0ser wrote:
               | Hemp is classified as below .3% THC (compared to old-
               | school weed strains at 15% and modern levels at mid
               | 30%s). Hemp is male and female, and trash in potency, but
               | THC and other products derived from it are fair game in
               | some jurisdictions, or a grey area.
               | 
               | It is certainly a different market than legal, high
               | potency THC, as well as medical.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | > compared to old-school weed strains at 15% and modern
               | levels at mid 30%s)
               | 
               | These levels are still primarily based on THCa content,
               | not Delta9 THC. Even your regulated legal flower is very
               | low in D9 THC.
               | 
               | > It is certainly a different market than legal, high
               | potency THC, as well as medical.
               | 
               | Much of it is literally the exact same. They are growing
               | the exact same strains and cultivars as the regulated
               | legal marijuana industry, just making sure to harvest and
               | process them in a way that prevents the decarboxylation
               | of THCa into D9 THC from going over .3%
        
               | mebizzle wrote:
               | It is quite literally the same and the distinction
               | between hemp and marijuana is entirely arbitrary as
               | defined by a shitty and ignorant law.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _how is hemp competing with weed? Are these different
               | plants?_
               | 
               | I live in Wyoming, where weed remains technically
               | illegal. The 'legal' weed is trucked in from Montanta and
               | sold at farmers' markets. The hemp is sold at the liquor
               | store check-out counter.
        
               | almosthere wrote:
               | I'm surprised a lot of people missed this, but hemp
               | growth actually causes thc plants to lower their cbd
               | because of unexpected pollination. you can't grow them in
               | the open near each other
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | There's a lot of confusion here.
               | 
               | The hemp products in question are not, like, hemp rope.
               | They're just pot that is classified as hemp because they
               | are harvested and processed in such a way that keeps the
               | D9 THC below .3% at the time of testing.
               | 
               | If you were to go look at a growing operation for someone
               | making THCa flower and then go look at a growing
               | operation for someone making regulated legal marijuana,
               | they would be virtually indistinguishable.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | The humorous part though, is that the 'legal' growers
               | screaming about the 'unregulated' competition and for
               | this law, are actually the outlaws breaking federal law
               | and totally non-scrutinized by federal regulation (other
               | than the fact it's outright illegal).
               | 
               | It is the absolute worst case of gas lighting. The
               | literal, federally unregulated criminals were screeching
               | that the people obeying the law and following the
               | regulations (even if in a way legislators didn't expect)
               | were unregulated cowboys who were 'skirting the law.'
               | 
               | It's absolutely comical if you think about it. And
               | somehow, this argument actually won.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | I see both sides of it.
               | 
               | Many of the state legalized programs do have
               | significantly higher standards because they are
               | explicitly regulating for things intended to be consumed
               | by humans, while the federal regulations for hemp are
               | focused in an entirely different area.
               | 
               | As a consumer, I would prefer to be purchasing the more
               | stringently regulated state-legalized product. But that
               | would require I live in a state that has legalized it.
               | 
               | Instead, my options are (at least for another year),
               | purchase the less stringently regulated "hemp" products
               | or the entirely unregulated stuff grown god knows where
               | by god knows who with no recourse if it turns out they've
               | been spraying their crop with leftover lead arsenate.
        
             | asveikau wrote:
             | Most senators who vote on this bill are not voting on the
             | basis of the hemp thing in either direction. That's why all
             | the headlines are about the tactic of sneaking it into a
             | "too big to fail" budget bill.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | There was an opportunity for this bit to be removed from
               | the bill.
               | 
               | 76 of 100 voted to keep it. This, is like, literally the
               | entire point of discussion in this part of the thread? I
               | don't understand where your confusion lies.
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | Are you saying it was an amendment? That it not what I
               | get from this or any articles I've seen about it.
               | 
               | TFA:
               | 
               | > On Sunday, Senate leadership inserted a hemp-
               | recriminalization clause into the must-pass funding bill
               | 
               | > ...
               | 
               | > Not a standalone bill. Not a debate on cannabis reform.
               | 
               | Seems like it wasn't a full Senate vote on a specific
               | amendment, but the bill as a whole. I've elsewhere seen
               | it stated as McConnell acting alone.
               | 
               | Edit: as I googled around, I found that Rand Paul
               | attempted to use an amendment to remove the language, and
               | it failed. But people vote on amendments for all sorts of
               | strategic reasons. For example maybe they felt the
               | amendment would kill the bill, because house and senate
               | bills need to match, and the terms had already been
               | negotiated.
        
               | cthalupa wrote:
               | Rand Paul's vote was, like, specifically for this, and
               | the house is clamoring for the hemp stuff even less.
               | 
               | This is Mitch McConnell's crusade.
        
         | harles wrote:
         | > It is mostly about shifting profits from mom and pop, low
         | regulation hemp industry to wealthy corporations that own
         | dispensaries that have gargantuan regulatory costs that
         | gatekeep out most the competition.
         | 
         | That's a big assertion that needs evidence. I'm strongly in
         | favor of legalization but not deregulation. It was a pretty big
         | loophole that allowed what's essentially weed to sidestep the
         | regulation their competitors faced - and there wasn't great
         | consumer awareness about the differences even though there were
         | safety implications: https://drexel.edu/cannabis-
         | research/research/research-highl...
         | 
         | This law seems pretty well targeted in its scope, bringing the
         | 2018 law back to what was intended (easy legal CBD/hemp, as
         | long as there aren't other things in there).
        
           | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
           | Yet Kratom is legal, yt is recommending to me some product
           | called "meth" (not joking) and there are a million new
           | research drugs coming out every decade?
           | 
           | It's just old-school think of the kids and not in my
           | territory. We don't know how to regulate and handle this
           | because our politicians and more and more our citizens don't
           | understand what is being voted on or has been happening in
           | their own states for 7 years.
           | 
           | Have you used these products? It's a shame, the quality that
           | I was getting just within the past 3 months was incredible
           | and it is market not afraid to try new stuff.
           | 
           | I'm sad, flower from OR, NC, OK, IN, and others will never
           | legally hit my lungs. Back to the cartels? Or perhaps I
           | should overpay by $200 with the comfort of having 0 clue
           | where it comes from, again?
        
           | mothballed wrote:
           | We are speaking of federal law here.
           | 
           | There was absolutely no federal regulatory framework for
           | marijuana. none. It's just plain illegal. Unless you can get
           | one of a handful of research licenses, which is almost
           | totally irrelevant.
           | 
           | Hemp had some, fairly weak regulation. And theoretically,
           | testing requirements, although they were deferred and
           | deferred to the point they were basically done only privately
           | with the idea the DEA would eventually get involved.
           | 
           | Instead they're just dumped now into the marijuana bucket
           | which has no federal regulation at all, or alternatively, at
           | the state level the states could always define their
           | regulatory framework to be agnostic to THC content of
           | cannabis.
           | 
           | So this does the exact opposite of what you had hoped.
        
           | mebizzle wrote:
           | >(easy legal CBD/hemp, as long as there aren't other things
           | in there)
           | 
           | Your ignorance shows in spades. The arbitrary ban on THC and
           | its analogues prevent chronic pain patients like me (a
           | criminally underserved market) from becoming addicted to the
           | big pharma system. The "other things in there" argument is
           | the same as razorblades in candy, sanctimony to portray
           | dissent as degeneracy.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | These are all just symptoms. The underlying vulnerability is the
       | median US culture, which permits venality, scamming, skuldugery,
       | shenanigans and crime in its ruling class.
        
         | Herring wrote:
         | I was reading about Austria recently. It's a nice place, but it
         | turns out they have their far-right Nazis in rural areas too.
         | It's pretty common around the world.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%E2%80%93rural_political_...
         | 
         | I think the world is still figuring out how to deal with this.
         | The German firewall looks quite interesting.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_against_the_far-right...
         | 
         | Of course things like the electoral college, filibuster,
         | gerrymandering, fptp, lifetime appointments etc don't help.
        
       | hollywood_court wrote:
       | The party of small government strikes again.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | That has never really been true whenever they get power. Just
         | like states rights, the deficit spending and federal overreach
         | stops mattering. It's just a matter of which part of the
         | government Republicans want to grow and have the funding (ICE
         | for example).
         | 
         | Republicans pretend to act principled when they're not the
         | party in power. Amazing how that works.
        
           | fundad wrote:
           | Jobs stop mattering when they get power too. It all makes a
           | lot more sense when you realize that party doesn't want
           | economic growth.
        
         | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
         | 76/100 senators voted to keep this provision in the bill.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _The party of small government strikes again_
         | 
         | The GOP hasn't been a party of small government since W. Bush.
         | And it hasn't really claimed to be as much since Trump 1.
        
       | mind-blight wrote:
       | This is a weird one. It absolutely _should not_ be haphazardly
       | added as a rider. The 0.4 per container is also insane. But, this
       | really was an unintended loophole of the 2018 farm bill. Most
       | plants grow THCa, which turns into Delta-9 when heated. They were
       | ignorant and straight up forgot to specify anything except
       | Delta-9.
       | 
       | Cannabis is a bioremediator and absorbs basically every
       | environmental toxin from the ground (pesticides, heavy metals,
       | etc.). Extraction (for CBD and THC oil) increases the
       | concentration of any present toxins.
       | 
       | The only way you know of the problem is by thoroughly testing
       | every batch. Pesticides that are safe at low levels can get
       | concentrated and become really problematic at high levels.
       | 
       | States where marijuana is legal require all of this testing, so
       | the products are much safer. Hemp-derived THC does not require
       | these tests. (Same is true for CBD, but that's a while other
       | conversation...)
        
         | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
         | There is pretty extensive testing throughout the industry.
         | Small hemp farms don't want to murder their customers or
         | themselves.
        
       | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
       | I've been a regular consumer of the results of this since about
       | 2020 when I discovered it. It's been quite the journey watching
       | the industry boom and evolve and get better and better.
       | 
       | I've seen an incredible incredible amount of ignorance on this
       | topic. Prior to this, I found 1 comment on HN mentioning this
       | last night. On reddit, it's not on the frontpage of r/politics,
       | r/moderatepolitics or anything relevant. I can find it on r/news
       | but like every other thread not a single person is mentioning
       | something very factual.
       | 
       | Rand tried to stop this provision in the Senate. 76/100 senators
       | voted for this ban to remain. 76 senators from across the
       | political spectrum, from every state have decided to secretly try
       | to destroy a $30b industry, 300,000 jobs, and a lot of lives.
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | > On reddit, it's not on the frontpage of r/politics,
         | r/moderatepolitics or anything relevant.
         | 
         | There were at least 3 posts on /r/all yesterday.
        
         | Tadpole9181 wrote:
         | I mean, were you posting to draw attention to it? How would
         | people know if the people who do know aren't spreading it? Most
         | people don't read bills themselves and it's no news that US
         | media is captured by billionaires and special interests...
        
       | nerdjon wrote:
       | I feel like I am missing something here, and it is around it
       | being called "hemp".
       | 
       | Does this actually have any impact on legal dispensaries, their
       | products, farms, etc?
       | 
       | Does this make it harder to eventually de-schedule pot.
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | Yes, in the sense that now it will be illegal to ship cannabis
         | seeds interstate. Under current law, which doesn't expire for a
         | year, cannabis seeds can be shipped legally interstate across
         | the US as they don't exceed the THC content. Doesn't matter if
         | it's a hemp seed or marijuana seed as both are hemp under the
         | old definition in seed form as long as they're under 0.3% THC.
         | 
         | The passed legislation outlaws any seeds that _can produce_ a
         | plant that doesn 't satisfy the new definition of hemp. It
         | completely destroys the white market seed industry, on which
         | the legal weed industry partially operates.
         | 
         | Also, prices will go up and quality will go down in the 'legal'
         | weed market, as previously the hemp industry was a check on
         | prices because you could get better product for cheaper than
         | going to a dispensary and with nice lab tested COAs to see what
         | you were getting.
        
         | missingcolours wrote:
         | Only indirectly (see other comment).
         | 
         | In 2018 a provision was attached to the Farm Bill to legalize
         | "hemp". The public and presumably the senators were led to
         | believe this was about legalizing textiles and things like
         | that, not drugs. It turned out that the language actually
         | legalized delta-8 too. Many people were displeased with that
         | outcome, because in many states it's completely unregulated
         | with no additional taxes or anything like there is in "legal
         | cannabis" states, and again because it was not understood or
         | anticipated by most people. So now that provision is being
         | reverted in this year's Farm Bill, passage of which was part of
         | the shutdown deal (I think because SNAP benefits are part of
         | the farm bill).
         | 
         | Until a month ago in Texas my kids could buy Delta-8 weed
         | gummies at the gas station by my house (the Texas governor
         | issued some emergency regulations to limit this). You didn't
         | even need to be 18. This bill is targeted at those products
         | legalized by the 2018 loophole.
        
           | linkregister wrote:
           | This is a perfect example of the opportunity for federalism.
           | Any state could --and many did-- close the loophole. You
           | mentioned emergency regulation from the Texas governor. New
           | recreational substances are discovered and introduced to
           | market continuously. States can use their legislative
           | authority to address them. Delta-9, Spice, and other delta-8
           | THC analogues have been successfully addressed by states.
           | 
           | The side effects of this provision make hemp plants in the
           | ground illegal, according to Senator Paul. It is reasonable
           | for the public to be outraged about a hastily-written
           | amendment whose authors failed to understand the unintended
           | consequences.
        
             | ls612 wrote:
             | But I'm not aware of many (any?) states that chose to close
             | the loophole with a ban. Most, even ruby red Texas, just
             | passed a state regulatory regime that included testing and
             | taxation, as well as a 21 year old cutoff for buyers.
        
       | pogue wrote:
       | Contact your representatives and let them know this is BS. [1]
       | When Texas Gov. Gregg Abbott was trying to ban that same
       | "loophole" the business community had time to organize & lobby
       | against it, but in addition, regular citizens sent in over 120k
       | letters, there's footage of people moving boxes and boxes of
       | letters into his office. [2] In the end, he folded and kept the
       | law as it was despite a pretty big push from his party. Was that
       | the reason he didn't end up acting on it? It's hard to know, but
       | it definitely showed him public sentiment was against it.
       | 
       | Don't be apathetic! Letters & phone calls work best, but emails
       | through their official contact page at least get glanced at by an
       | intern.
       | 
       | [1] _Find and contact elected officials_
       | https://www.usa.gov/elected-officials
       | 
       | [2] _120,000 Texans send letters and petitions against THC ban to
       | Gov. Abbott_ https://www.kut.org/politics/2025-06-03/austin-tx-
       | thc-ban-la...
        
         | somehnguy wrote:
         | It's infuriating to take the time to draft & send a thought out
         | email to my representatives only to receive a canned email 8
         | months later.
         | 
         | Most of the time the response is even something like "ok cool
         | opinion but I believe the opposite so bummer" (obviously
         | exaggerated but the meaning is identical).
         | 
         | I will try a letter at some point, email feels completely
         | useless.
        
           | pogue wrote:
           | Time is of the essence, so I might just have a chatbot draft
           | me something quickly and edit it or rewrite it to more what I
           | want to say. Just emphasize the main points that even the
           | linked article mentions - hugely bad for business, loss of
           | taxes, bad for veterans, people will just go back to the
           | black market for their needs, etc. I'm kind of surprised I'm
           | not finding sites like NORML have any of those "take action"
           | forms on their site you just fill in and it sends it out to
           | all your representatives automatically.
           | 
           | Regardless, it doesn't need to be something you spend hours
           | pouring your heart into.
           | 
           | Some representatives respond differently than others. I've
           | gotten boilerplate letters back, and I've even had phone
           | calls back with someone from their office. It really just
           | depends.
           | 
           | EDIT: It's already been signed into law, so now they have 1
           | year to try and remedy the situation... :(
           | 
           |  _Trump Signs Bill To Recriminalize Hemp THC Products, Years
           | After Approving Their Legalization_
           | https://www.marijuanamoment.net/congress-passes-bill-to-
           | recr...
        
       | candiddevmike wrote:
       | The party of small government killing a new, billion dollar
       | industry because Mitch McConnell's state beverage is seeing
       | declining sales.
        
         | iammjm wrote:
         | A similar thing can be observed in Germany: the most anti-
         | cannabis state is the state that produces the most alcohol
         | (Bavaria)
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | That's less because Bavaria makes beer, otherwise the wine
           | states would also impede cannabis.
           | 
           | The problem is that Soder and his CSU are obviously following
           | the old Nixon attitude of targetting cannabis to hit left-
           | wings [1]:
           | 
           | > You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it
           | illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting
           | the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks
           | with heroin. And then criminalizing both heavily, we could
           | disrupt those communities.
           | 
           | And then you got the absolute deranged ones, like Marlene
           | "Cannabis ist verboten, weil es eine illegale Droge ist"
           | (cannabis is banned because it's an illegal drug") Mortler or
           | Daniela "Cannabis ist kein Brokkoli" (cannabis ain't
           | broccoli) Ludwig [2]. Imagine, these two utter failures were
           | the official drug policy heads.
           | 
           | [1] https://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/23/politics/john-
           | ehrlichman-...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/legalisierung-
           | von-c...
        
             | InTheArena wrote:
             | You realize that this statement was completely fabricated
             | by a legalization proponent, correct? No historian takes
             | that "quote" seriously.
        
             | hellisothers wrote:
             | In my experience (of friends who drink and/or smoke weed)
             | weed isn't replacing drinking wine, it's replacing drinking
             | beer and booze.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | Bavarian attitude towards cannabis always bordered on
               | authoritarianism, ever before weed legalisation became a
               | political mainstream topic.
               | 
               | Police was infamous for kicking in your door if a random
               | copper walked home and smelled weed. "You smell like you
               | got some weed on you" was a popular excuse the cops used
               | at Munich Central Station to fleece everyone they deemed
               | to look like a punk or, worse, Black person.
               | 
               | And the latter, well, it's certainly not a coincidence
               | that the cops asked for, and got, the weapon ban zones in
               | train stations giving them back the authority to fleece
               | people at will, right after the cannabis legalisation
               | came in force last year.
               | 
               | It's not about cannabis, it's not about the guns, it's
               | all about the ability of the fucking cops to abuse their
               | power whenever they goddamn want to, and Bavarian police
               | are notable in Germany for being particularly aggressive
               | and ignorant.
        
           | dude250711 wrote:
           | Best of luck to them! I am not forced to inhale beer while
           | walking down the street, yet there is seemingly always a
           | pothead around.
        
             | sleepybrett wrote:
             | Then you don't live, like me, in the Ballard neighborhood
             | of seattle where there must be 50 microbreweries. Every few
             | mornings the whole neighborhood smells like rotting bread.
             | I'd be happy to run into someone smoking weed on the street
             | during those times, I find that smell much more pleasent.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Or never encountered the drunks on Alki during the
               | summer.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | And? There is also always people smelling like shit, with
             | perfume, driving combustion vehicles, using grills, or
             | working in any of the numerous industries that create
             | smells. Why is marijuana so special that it needs to be
             | dealt with, but I can be assaulted by some petrochemical
             | and whale barf cocktail fumes with no restriction?
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | I thought that was because of the tit-for-tat with Canada.
         | 
         | I'd think a joint and a glass of bourbon would go hand-in-hand.
         | 
         | Personally, I don't drink or smoke, but I think the "war on
         | drugs" has been a miserable failure that has been, for the most
         | part, a footgun.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | It is my understanding that neither Canada nor the USA allows
           | for the importation of products containing THC, so I don't
           | see this as having anything to do with Canada. Perhaps I do
           | not understand what you mean to say?
        
             | ModernMech wrote:
             | Since tariffs were placed on Canada, Canada has been
             | boycotting American industries like whisky, specifically
             | because they are significant industries in Republican-
             | controlled states. I don't know whether this move against
             | THC is a response to that pressure, but that's the
             | reference.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | You're missing the parent comment's point. Bourbon sales
             | are way down significantly because the largest liquor
             | importer on the continent (Liquor Control Board of Ontario)
             | has banned the import of all American products. Many other
             | provinces followed suit.
             | 
             | They can blame Trump, not go after Hemp farmers.
        
             | guyzero wrote:
             | Canada has pulled American liquor from sales as a tariff
             | retaliation, so Kentucky bourbon sales have dropped
             | considerably. Thus we have the senator from Kentucky trying
             | to kill off domestic competitors for Kentucky liquor.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > I'd think a joint and a glass of bourbon would go hand-in-
           | hand.
           | 
           | They don't. Drunkenness just kind of nullifies pot. I might
           | have a beer when I'm stoned, but only a very tasty one, and
           | only one.
           | 
           | I think that extremely light pot smoking is killing alcohol
           | sales. The tiniest bit of pot is just as pleasing as a mild
           | alcohol buzz, and an alcohol buzz kills the effect of pot. I
           | know I got in the habit for a while of smoking a tiny, tiny
           | bit when I got home, with the effect long gone before I went
           | to sleep. Back in the day (and sometimes still), I would have
           | had one beer, or one glass of wine.
        
             | bloppe wrote:
             | In my experience, there is no such nullification.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I. am. not. strunk.
        
             | kylebebak wrote:
             | There are terms for the combined effects of drinking
             | alcohol and smoking weed. Cross-faded in English, pachipedo
             | in Spanish. I find these terms and the effects they refer
             | to enjoyable.
        
             | jrflowers wrote:
             | > Drunkenness just kind of nullifies pot.
             | 
             | ???
             | 
             | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=l11hARAnpcM
        
           | billy99k wrote:
           | I disagree. Legalizing drugs has only created larger black
           | markets in states like California and allowed cartels to
           | legally get into the business and gain more power in other
           | countries.
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | Can you explain how legalisation created larger black
             | markets? Got some stats for that?
        
           | hamdingers wrote:
           | > the "war on drugs" has been a miserable failure that has
           | been, for the most part, a footgun.
           | 
           | It has accomplished everything its proponents hoped for and
           | much more.
           | 
           | "You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it
           | illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting
           | the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks
           | with heroin. And then criminalizing both heavily, we could
           | disrupt those communities"
           | 
           | - John Ehrlichman, assistant to the president for domestic
           | affairs under Richard Nixon
        
             | garciasn wrote:
             | Typical war on the 'others' as championed by the
             | Conservative party members: terrorists, Communists,
             | immigrants, 'drug' users, hippies, ANTIFA, liberals, etc,
             | etc, etc.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | >The party of small government killing a new, billion dollar
         | industry because Mitch McConnell's state beverage is seeing
         | declining sales.
         | 
         | McConnel sponsored the original bill. Kentucky is historically
         | one of the largest hemp producing states. The whole thing just
         | shows how inept the entire administration is. DJT 45 signed the
         | original law himself, after it was drafted and passed by his
         | Republican house and senate.
        
           | sleepybrett wrote:
           | Let's be clear McConnel isn't writing or doing anything. The
           | man has been in a 'Weekend at Bernies' state for at least a
           | couple of years. He's on camera being literally held up by
           | his aides and seemingly having moments where he goes
           | completely no communicative IN FRONT OF CAMERS several times,
           | and not in a "I just don't have anything to say way" but just
           | straight up 'freezing' in place. Either because of dementia
           | or some kind of seizure.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | There is no party of small government in the US. Libertarians
         | have a long-standing alliance with mainstream Republicans, but
         | they are unambiguously the smaller and weaker member.
        
         | cactusplant7374 wrote:
         | It won't take effect for a year. Plenty of time to stock up.
        
       | Gunax wrote:
       | This is going to be controversial because it steps into the
       | shutdown blame game.
       | 
       | I think I am more interested in the mechanics of how this
       | happens. Why do we need to attach riders / sneak in legislation?
       | What changes could we make to the constitution to avoid this?
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | > Why do we need to attach riders / sneak in legislation?
         | 
         | Because they can't agree on anything normally, so the only way
         | to make changes is to shove them in with things they _must_
         | agree on.
         | 
         | > What changes could we make to the constitution to avoid this?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-subject_rule
         | 
         | Multiple states already have this.
        
           | whoisthemachine wrote:
           | This can have interesting consequences, because politicians
           | are going to be politicians.
           | 
           | > The Minnesota Gun Owners Caucus sued, arguing that the
           | omnibus bill, whose original title is over 300 words before
           | it keels over in repetition of the word "subdivision,"
           | violated the single-subject rule.
           | 
           | https://www.minnpost.com/state-government/2025/09/the-
           | minnes...
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | Scoping the single subject gets a bit tough, in practice.
        
             | petcat wrote:
             | It works just fine for the vast majority of US states,
             | including all the largest ones (California, New York,
             | Texas). I don't think the federal government is special
             | here.
        
         | pacoWebConsult wrote:
         | The federal government has grown immensely since the early 20th
         | century due to the interpretations of the commerce clause
         | allowing more and more federal legislation and rules to broadly
         | be applied to essentially override state legislation.
         | 
         | The 10th amendment exists for a reason. The system wasn't
         | intended for congress to even control something like this in
         | the first place.
        
           | Gunax wrote:
           | We definitely are straining the rules. I _think_ we actually
           | want a federal government like this. The reality on the
           | ground is that most people want things like FDA and FCC at
           | the federal level.
           | 
           | Maybe we just need to change the constitution--which I know
           | is technically possible but im practically it's frozen. It's
           | like a legacy API no one wants to touch.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Playing devil's advocate, the positive of allowing legislation
         | to include unrelated riders is that it promotes compromise. And
         | compromise is how a healthy democracy should operate.
        
           | tastyfreeze wrote:
           | The compromise should be on the content of the bill specific
           | to the subject. It is not a compromise to allow a rider that
           | funnels money to some pet project. That is buying votes.
        
             | petcat wrote:
             | Oftentimes there can be no compromise on the specific
             | subject. So the bill is either DOA or just immediately
             | passed without any debate.
             | 
             | Allowing several issues to be passed as a singular unit
             | provides opportunity for an agreement to be made about
             | several issues at once. Think of it like a Collective
             | Bargaining Agreement.
        
               | tastyfreeze wrote:
               | That is fine. If our representatives can't come to a
               | compromise then it probably shouldn't be done at the
               | federal level.
        
           | Gunax wrote:
           | Yes, that's a really good point!
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | You don't need to have a bunch of unrelated riders to
           | compromise. If the bill is healthcare funding, the compromise
           | could be something like who receives the assistance, whether
           | there are any cutoffs, how to implement it, etc.
           | 
           | Or if that's really impossible, you could compromise on
           | separate bills. If people ever break promises, that's a
           | reason not to trust them in the future and it's a lot more
           | clear to the public about who voted which way rather than
           | having a rider which no one really understands where it came
           | from.
        
           | onemoresoop wrote:
           | Compromise to what, to reopen the Government?
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | Single subject bill amendment. Several states require single
         | subject bills in State legislature. The same must be required
         | at the federal level. The pushback has always been "then
         | nothing will get done". From where I am standing that would be
         | a good thing. No more sneaking shit in at the last minute. Vote
         | on every single issue. People will still try to sneak stuff in.
         | I remember seeing a video of a Minnesota legislator admonishing
         | his colleges for trying to do omnibus bills after they passed a
         | single subject amendment.
         | 
         | To get such an amendment passed it would have to come from the
         | States. Nobody that is already in congress is going to vote for
         | this. It is a huge restriction on their power to spend our
         | money.
         | 
         | Here is Alaska's single bill requirement: The Alaska
         | Constitution Art II, Section 13. Form of Bills reads: Every
         | bill shall be confined to one subject unless it is an
         | appropriation bill or one codifying, revising, or rearranging
         | existing laws. Bills for appropriations shall be confined to
         | appropriations. The subject of each bill shall be expressed in
         | the title. The enacting clause shall be: "Be it enacted by the
         | Legislature of the State of Alaska."
        
           | Gunax wrote:
           | Hmm, I've never heard of this. My initial gut reaction is
           | that this _sounds_ good but the definition of  'single
           | subject' is dubious. With enough leeway and creativity,
           | anything can be a single subject.
           | 
           | But if it works, then maybe it's what we need.
        
             | Vegenoid wrote:
             | Frankly, there are a ton of laws that seem dubious and
             | underspecified to a person with an engineering mindset.
             | This is by design, and it is the reason we have so many
             | judges - because writing laws that clearly specify how they
             | apply to every possible situation is often impossible. The
             | law tries to make its intent clear, tries to lay out
             | reasonably specific outlines, but necessarily must rely on
             | the interpretation of those who judge the application of
             | laws to cases.
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | Alaska is effectively a one-party state. At the federal
           | level, you almost always need compromise to clear a
           | filibuster, and it's easier to find compromise if you can
           | draw on more subjects. Maybe the Democrats get cheaper health
           | care while the Republicans get a giant bust of Trump
           | installed on the former site of the Lincoln memorial. Neither
           | measure would pass in isolation, but together they might.
        
             | eszed wrote:
             | So they could agree to pass two bills. This would require
             | the two "sides" to trust each other, but it could (ideally
             | would) also function to _build_ trust, which would be a
             | good thing.
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | Assuming there was enough trust to "guarantee" that one
               | bill would pass right after the other, then what's the
               | point of having the single subject rule in the first
               | place? Sounds like you still have riders but with extra
               | steps (and an opportunity to betray trust).
        
             | tastyfreeze wrote:
             | You say that like everybody that is in one party agrees on
             | everything. That is absolutely false.
             | 
             | It is also an inaccurate portrayal of Alaska state
             | politics. While historically the State Legislature has been
             | majority republican it has been more even since 2015ish.
             | Which is coincidentally when weed was made legal.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representativ
             | e...
             | 
             | How we vote in federal elections has more to do with
             | Republicans in general being more aligned with the majority
             | interests in Alaska.
        
               | bloppe wrote:
               | Of course you don't have to agree on everything, but the
               | whole point of joining a party is to coordinate action to
               | maximize power. Whether you agree with the party policies
               | doesn't matter if you vote for them anyway to gain
               | political currency with your party that you can hopefully
               | spend later on your own priorities.
               | 
               | That said, I guess the Alaska legislature is a lot more
               | balanced than I assumed. If the single subject rule works
               | there, bravo. Congress is a different beast, though.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | It's not the constitution. It's the American people (on
         | average) who tolerate corruption and crime within their
         | leaders.
        
       | platevoltage wrote:
       | I remember being lectured about how this needed to be a "clean
       | funding bill".
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | All of this stuff is already built around loopholes.
       | 
       | > But the provision that was inserted into the government funding
       | bill makes illegal any hemp product that contains more than 0.4
       | milligrams of THC per container.
       | 
       | Now the online "hemp" industry will shift to selling gummies in
       | "containers" that really equate to individually wrapped. You'll
       | get bulk discounts for buying groups of 30 "containers", but what
       | you get will feel like Japanese-style individual wrapping.
       | 
       | BTW: This was kinda-sorta what I encountered when I bought
       | gummies in Ontario, Canada. The gummy was in a single "container"
       | and had roughly ~0.4 mg THC.
        
         | 0xTJ wrote:
         | 0.4 mg is an extremely low amount. The as far as I understand
         | (and have seen) the limit of THC in Ontario is 10 mg/container
         | for gummies. Some companies will get around that limit by
         | packaging multiple 10 mg THC bags together.
         | 
         | While it's annoying and definitely creates more waste than is
         | needed, 10 mg is a relatively reasonable limit. Most people
         | aren't going to consume more than 10 mg THC worth of gummies in
         | one sitting (at least if they're getting something government-
         | sactioned).
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | It's absolutely insane how unrelated provisions can be inserted
       | into a CR instead of being debated and passed on their own merits
       | (or bundled with related laws).
       | 
       | Regardless of what the measure is, or what party it's coming
       | from, it's a significant flaw in the process.
        
         | tmnvix wrote:
         | One man's flaw is another man's feature.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | "one man" -> American People; "another man" -> corrupt
           | politicians
        
       | philcrocket wrote:
       | As others mentioned, unfortunately the last bill allowed for some
       | large loopholes and emboldened underground growers (also due to
       | more lax state laws) to grow and flood the market with sub-par or
       | even poisonous product. It'd a billion dollar market that state
       | actors and cartels alike are using to launder money (and ruin
       | lives). Very informative video on this:
       | https://youtu.be/3qC4c-zNxTg?si=oy4ab6kuo27fJqcx
        
         | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
         | Wouldn't the correct solution be to close the loopholes or make
         | more strict regulations? Not shut down everything.
        
         | tediousgraffit1 wrote:
         | By that logic, we should ban lettuce[1] next
         | 
         | [1] https://www.science.org/content/article/e-coli-outbreak-
         | trac...
        
       | nxor wrote:
       | I have friends who smoke and have seen over the years how they've
       | abandoned hobbies in favor of smoking more. Where's the outrage
       | about that? I take public transport and the people who smoke make
       | the entire train smell. I just don't understand why people see
       | this as a bad thing. Other than I agree the implementation will
       | probably be awful.
        
         | ng12 wrote:
         | Outrage about what? I know people whose hobbies cab generally
         | be summed up as "drinking alcohol". We already decided
         | prohibition didn't work once.
        
         | cthalupa wrote:
         | > I have friends who smoke and have seen over the years how
         | they've abandoned hobbies in favor of smoking more. Where's the
         | outrage about that?
         | 
         | Why in the world would I or anyone else have any right to be
         | outraged over someone trading one hobby for another?
         | 
         | > I take public transport and the people who smoke make the
         | entire train smell.
         | 
         | Make and enforce laws about smoking on public transport.
        
         | pissmeself wrote:
         | > Where's the outrage about that? I take public transport and
         | the people who smoke make the entire train smell.
         | 
         | So do fatties. I don't want fatties on the bus, but I don't get
         | what I want :(
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This corrects a drafting error. There were never supposed to be
       | be products containing THC selling in gas stations.
        
         | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
         | This kills the entire hemp flower market.
         | 
         | Our state similarly tried to get it outlawed by using these
         | excuses but ignoring the many shops where they are just selling
         | quality product, not allowing kids, etc.
        
       | zapataband2 wrote:
       | I guess all those involved in burgeoning hemp trade are just in
       | time for the mines to re-open. We're ruled by sociopaths and we
       | don't live in a democracy.
        
       | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
       | Where'd all this abolish the senate nonsense come from recently?
       | I get people have been complaining about 'flyover' states for a
       | while now, but the Republicans also have the majority in the
       | House at the moment.
       | 
       | At least wait until the House doesn't represent the current
       | majority party in the Senate (like it almost certainly will again
       | eventually) to make that argument.
       | 
       | I'm mildly worried that it's just an attempt to speed up major
       | change the next time a party has a super majority, by planting
       | the seeds early...
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | It's nothing new. It's fundamentally undemocratic and the
         | reasons for having it are long gone. I don't care who controls
         | it, it should go or at the very least be dramatically reformed.
        
           | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
           | There is the concept of illiberal democracy. The Senate,
           | according to most political scientists who study this, is an
           | important part of cutting that off that because bicameralism
           | along with independent courts etc are good.
           | 
           | It's mostly populism rising and not realizing how dangerous
           | it would be to have another check on power removed. Reform
           | the system, don't just turn to blind populism.
        
             | harimau777 wrote:
             | I'm not sure it's possible to reform the system. Its way
             | too stacked towards corporate interests.
        
             | idle_zealot wrote:
             | > No, we need the House of Lords, otherwise the plebeians
             | might do something crazy like tax us!
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | Do those political scientists say that it has to be so
             | extremely unequal in its representation?
             | 
             | Right now, the least representative parts of our government
             | are the ones pushing _towards_ illiberality and populism.
             | "Better democracy can be dangerous" really falls flat when
             | our existing worse democracy is actively being dangerous.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the least representative parts of our government are
               | the ones pushing towards illiberality and populism_
               | 
               | Source? The President and--until like 24 hours ago--the
               | House have been leading the charge on illiberalism and
               | populism.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _It 's fundamentally undemocratic and the reasons for
           | having it are long gone_
           | 
           | Undemocratic is insufficient for removing a governing body
           | _per se_. (Courts are technically undemocratic. That doesn 't
           | make them bad.)
           | 
           | Compared with the House, the Senate has behaved as designed--
           | a far more mature body that actually deliberates from time to
           | time.
        
             | wat10000 wrote:
             | We just had the federal government shut down for six weeks
             | because the Senate is broken. Maybe that's behaving as
             | designed, but I don't really care if it's doing what some
             | people 250 years ago thought it should do or not.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _We just had the federal government shut down for six
               | weeks because the Senate is broken_
               | 
               | You could turn the Senate into a purely-representative
               | body and you'd still have the same problem.
               | 
               | You _could_ abolish the Senate and have a unicameral
               | House. But then we 'd never have survived 250 years as a
               | democracy. (What do you think Mike Johnson and Trump with
               | unilateral power would have done over the last 6 months?)
               | 
               | > _I don 't really care if it's doing what some people
               | 250 years ago thought_
               | 
               | The government didn't shut down 250 years ago. Shutdowns
               | are a modern phenomenon, mostly dating to a Carter-era
               | legal opinion that said "if any work continued in an
               | agency where there wasn't money, the employees were
               | behaving like illegal volunteers" [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.npr.org/2013/09/30/227292952/a-short-
               | history-of-...
        
               | wat10000 wrote:
               | The fact that the Senate can't pass things without a 60%
               | majority, despite that not being a thing in the
               | constitution, is just another facet of its undemocratic
               | nature. The body has decided for itself, no matter what
               | the people want or what the constitution says.
               | 
               | And this is definitely not a necessary aspect of the
               | system. Even if you want to argue that the Senate itself
               | is essential, the ridiculous modern filibuster
               | demonstrably is not, since it only became this way in
               | recent decades.
               | 
               | I'd be fine with a bicameral legislature as long as both
               | houses were actually representative. Maybe you'd have one
               | with short terms and one with long terms. But having a
               | body where California and Wyoming both get two
               | representatives is just ridiculous.
               | 
               | I'm curious what _you_ think Johnson and Trump would have
               | done over the last 6 months without the Senate. It looks
               | to me like they 're doing pretty much whatever they want
               | aside from passing the recent spending bill, and to the
               | extent that they aren't, it's because of a handful of
               | Republican holdouts in the House, not because the Senate
               | stands in their way. And if we had the Senate rules from
               | thirty years ago the Senate wouldn't stand in their way
               | either.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _body has decided for itself, no matter what the people
               | want or what the constitution says_
               | 
               |  _All_ representative bodies have rules. They have to in
               | order to function. The House, like the Senate, has rules.
               | And both of them can amend them by simple majority.
               | 
               | (Until recently, the public didn't have a particular
               | opinion on the filibuster [1].)
               | 
               | > _the ridiculous modern filibuster demonstrably is not,
               | since it only became this way in recent decades_
               | 
               | Sure. Agreed. I'd honestly argue the concept of shutting
               | down the government is dumber and setting a debt ceiling
               | for already-appropriated and spent funds is
               | unconstitutional.
               | 
               | > _curious what you think Johnson and Trump would have
               | done over the last 6 months without the Senate_
               | 
               | All the crap Trump is doing by fiat would have been
               | passed into law. That, in turn, would strongly reduce the
               | ability for the courts to call foul.
               | 
               | > _if we had the Senate rules from thirty years ago the
               | Senate wouldn 't stand in their way either_
               | 
               | The filibuster has only been invoked this session around
               | this budget dispute.
               | 
               | A fundamental aspects that makes the Senate different is
               | each Senator is elected by more people, and thus must
               | cater to more-diverse interests, than a Congressman, and
               | they have longer terms. That means more people in the
               | Senate must think about how what they're doing today will
               | look after 2028.
               | 
               | [1] https://navigatorresearch.org/three-in-four-
               | americans-feel-g...
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | I don't know what you're talking about, since abolishing the
         | Senate (or at least making it the lesser of the two bodies) is
         | anything but nonsense.
         | 
         | edit: Since I cannot respond due to throttling, I agree with
         | the below idea of statewide house races, but by doing
         | Proportional representation and a ranked/approval voting
         | system.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | If anything I think we need to make the House more like the
           | Senate by making them run state wide. That would do a lot to
           | get rid of the hyper partisan nutjobs since there's usually
           | more ideological diversity across a state than in a given
           | district. As a bonus it would also get rid of gerrymandering.
        
         | evil-olive wrote:
         | > Where'd all this abolish the senate nonsense come from
         | recently?
         | 
         | if you think it's recent, you haven't been paying particularly
         | close attention
         | 
         | 2021: The Senate Cannot Be Reformed -- It Can Only Be Abolished
         | [0]
         | 
         | 2018: The Case for Abolishing the Senate [1]
         | 
         | 2004: What Democracy? The case for abolishing the United States
         | Senate [2]
         | 
         | and that's just from the first page of Kagi results for
         | "abolish the senate". I have no doubt it goes back farther than
         | that if I actually went digging for historical sources.
         | 
         | the imbalance of power is only going to get worse as time goes
         | on, as well [3]
         | 
         | > By 2040, two-thirds of Americans will be represented by 30
         | percent of the Senate
         | 
         | > "David Birdsell, dean of the school of public and
         | international affairs at Baruch College, notes that by 2040,
         | about 70% of Americans are expected to live in the 15 largest
         | states," Seib wrote. "They will have only 30 senators
         | representing them, while the remaining 30% of Americans will
         | have 70 senators representing them."
         | 
         | 0: https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/abolish-us-
         | senate...
         | 
         | 1: https://www.gq.com/story/the-case-for-abolishing-the-senate
         | 
         | 2: https://harpers.org/archive/2004/05/what-democracy-the-
         | case-...
         | 
         | 3:
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/11/28/b...
        
           | hemp_is_canvas wrote:
           | I suggest scholars such as Bednar.
           | 
           | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287234169_The_Robus.
           | ..
           | 
           | It's way, way more complicated than these articles suggest.
        
         | smcin wrote:
         | I think you're referring to "abolish the Senate _filibuster_
         | rule "? recent lobbying.
        
           | georgemcbay wrote:
           | Its more about abolishing the premise of the Senate where
           | every state gets 2 senators regardless of their population.
           | 
           | (Though the filibuster issue is also a valid debate lately)
           | 
           | The founders had decent intentions for this design, but I'm
           | fairly sure the vast majority of them would have changed
           | their mind if they knew just how concentrated the population
           | of the US would end up and how the system would act to give
           | the minority far too much power rather than protect them from
           | having too little.
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | Because people want an excuse to blame our problems on, and
         | people living in big cities think they should be able to better
         | dictate law as they often view poor rural people and their
         | lives with contempt. And many politicians are happy to go along
         | with because it means more power for themselves and less
         | restrictions on how they use it.
         | 
         | Real solutions to the imbalance would be to split up big states
         | into more smaller states, but big states don't like that
         | because it means they have less power as individual smaller
         | states. And we have already have congressman holding far more
         | power than they were originally meant to because they froze
         | congressional count in the 1929 reapportionment act which means
         | we only have 1/3 of the amount of congressman representatives
         | we are suppose to have.
         | 
         | The US political and legislative system has been corrupted
         | beyond reason and this is just the next step to further
         | consolidate political power and law into the hands of a few.
        
           | Tadpole9181 wrote:
           | > people living in big cities think they should be able to
           | better dictate law as they often view poor rural people and
           | their lives with contempt.
           | 
           | Or they want to live in a democracy where every single person
           | is represented equally to every single other person. And not
           | a system where some people are "more equal" to others.
           | 
           | That's not even getting into how this weirdly, strangely
           | seems to align up with a history of slavery and racism in the
           | US. Total coincidence that some people think it's fair those
           | "urban people" get 3/5 of a vote compared to them, the
           | enlightened farmers who need to save others from themselves.
           | 
           | And before you say "well the house and electoral college are
           | proportional" - no, they absolutely are not since 1929. Try
           | that talking point when the apportionment act is repealed.
           | 
           | Nor are districts even conceivably "local" anymore for those
           | arguing about "personal governance".
        
         | jjk166 wrote:
         | The Senate has been nothing but a non-population-proportional
         | version of the House since the 17th amendment. The House was
         | supposed to give voice to the people while the Senate saw to
         | the needs of the nation. The need for the house and senate to
         | work together would balance these often competing needs. Direct
         | election of senators is a worst of both worlds situation -
         | democracy where some people's votes count for more than others.
         | Since the 17th amendment was ratified, the legislature has
         | ceded tremendous power to the executive and judiciary as it has
         | become steadily more ineffectual, and public perception of the
         | institution has plummeted. This has only accelerated in recent
         | decades. Abolishing the senate is only one potential form that
         | reform could take, but I don't know how anyone could look at
         | the current situation and not see the need for some type of
         | reform to get the legislative branch back on track.
        
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