[HN Gopher] LLMs are steroids for your Dunning-Kruger
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       LLMs are steroids for your Dunning-Kruger
        
       Author : gridentio
       Score  : 278 points
       Date   : 2025-11-10 15:14 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bytesauna.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bytesauna.com)
        
       | Brendinooo wrote:
       | >I think LLMs should not be seen as knowledge engines but as
       | confidence engines.
       | 
       | This is a good line, and I think it tempers the "not just
       | misinformed, but misinformed with conviction" observation quite a
       | bit, because sometimes moving forward with an idea at less than
       | 100% accuracy will still bring the best outcome.
       | 
       | Obviously that's a less than ideal thing to say, but imo (and in
       | my experience as the former gifted student who struggles to ship)
       | intelligent people tend to underestimate the importance of doing
       | stuff with confidence.
        
         | shermantanktop wrote:
         | Confidence has multiple benefits. But one of those benefits is
         | social - appearing confident triggers others to trust you, even
         | when they shouldn't.
         | 
         | Seeing others get burned by that pattern over and over can
         | encourage hesitation and humility, and discourage confident
         | action. It's essentially an academic attitude and can be very
         | unfortunate and self-defeating.
        
       | Chabsff wrote:
       | > I feel like LLMs are a fairly boring technology. They are
       | stochastic black boxes. The training is essentially run-of-the-
       | mill statistical inference. There are some more recent
       | innovations on software/hardware-level, but these are not LLM-
       | specific really.
       | 
       | This is pretty ironic, considering the subject matter of that
       | blog post. It's a super-common misconception that's gained very
       | wide popularity due to reactionary (and, imo, rather poor)
       | popular science reporting.
       | 
       | The author parroting that with confidence in a post about Dunner-
       | Krugering gives me a bit of a chuckle.
        
         | miningape wrote:
         | I also find it hard to get excited about black boxes - imo
         | there's no real meat to the insights they give, only the shell
         | of a "correct" answer
        
         | yannyu wrote:
         | What's the misconception? LLMs are probabilistic next-token
         | prediction based on current context, right?
        
           | Chabsff wrote:
           | Yeah, but that's their interface. That informs surprisingly
           | little about their inner workings.
           | 
           | ANNs are arbitrary function approximators. The training
           | process uses statistical methods to identify a set of
           | parameters that approximate the function as best as possible.
           | That doesn't _necessarily_ mean that the end result is
           | equivalent to a very fancy multi-stage linear regression. It
           | 's a possible outcome of the process, but it's not the only
           | possible outcome.
           | 
           | Looking at a LLMs I/O structure and training process is not
           | enough to conclude much of anything. And that's the
           | misconception.
        
             | yannyu wrote:
             | > Yeah, but that's their interface. That informs
             | surprisingly little about their inner workings.
             | 
             | I'm not sure I follow. LLMs are probabilistic next-token
             | prediction based on current context, that is a factual,
             | foundational statement about the technology that runs all
             | LLMs today.
             | 
             | We can ascribe other things to that, such as reasoning or
             | knowledge or agency, but that doesn't change how they work.
             | Their fundamental architecture is well understood, even if
             | we allow for the idea that maybe there are some emergent
             | behaviors that we haven't described completely.
             | 
             | > It's a possible outcome of the process, but it's not the
             | only possible outcome.
             | 
             | Again, you can ascribe these other things to it, but to say
             | that these external descriptions of outputs call into
             | question the architecture that runs these LLMs is a strange
             | thing to say.
             | 
             | > Looking at a LLMs I/O structure and training process is
             | not enough to conclude much of anything. And that's the
             | misconception.
             | 
             | I don't see how that's a misconception. We evaluate all
             | pretty much everything by inputs and outputs. And we use
             | those to infer internal state. Because that's all we're
             | capable of in the real world.
        
               | kmijyiyxfbklao wrote:
               | Then why not say "they are just computer programs"?
               | 
               | I think the reason people don't say that is because they
               | want to say "I already understand what they are, and I'm
               | not impressed and it's nothing new". But what the comment
               | you are replying to is saying is that the inner workings
               | are the important innovative stuff.
        
               | yannyu wrote:
               | > Then why not say "they are just computer programs"?
               | 
               | LLMs are probabilistic or non-deterministic computer
               | programs, plenty of people say this. That is not much
               | different than saying "LLMs are probabilistic next-token
               | prediction based on current context".
               | 
               | > I think the reason people don't say that is because
               | they want to say "I already understand what they are, and
               | I'm not impressed and it's nothing new". But what the
               | comment you are replying to is saying is that the inner
               | workings are the important innovative stuff.
               | 
               | But we already know the inner workings. It's
               | transformers, embeddings, and math at a scale that we
               | couldn't do before 2015. We already had multi-layer
               | perceptrons with backpropagation and recurrent neural
               | networks and markov chains before this, but the hardware
               | to do this kind of contextual next-token prediction
               | simply didn't exist at those times.
               | 
               | I understand that it feels like there's a lot going on
               | with these chatbots, but half of the illusion of chatbots
               | isn't even the LLM, it's the context management that is
               | exceptionally mundane compared to the LLM itself. These
               | things are combined with a carefully crafted UX to
               | deliberately convey the impression that you're talking to
               | a human. But in the end, it is just a program and it's
               | just doing context management and token prediction that
               | happens to align (most of the time) with human
               | expectations because it was designed to do so.
               | 
               | The two of you seem to be implying there's something
               | spooky or mysterious happening with LLMs that goes beyond
               | our comprehension of them, but I'm not seeing the
               | components of your argument for this.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | > But we already know the inner workings.
               | 
               | Overconfident and wrong.
               | 
               | No one understands how an LLM works. Some people just
               | delude themselves into thinking that they do.
               | 
               | Saying "I know how LLMs work because I read a paper about
               | transformer architecture" is about as delusional as
               | saying "I read a paper about transistors, and now I
               | understand how Ryzen 9800X3D works". Maybe more so.
               | 
               | It takes actual reverse engineering work to figure out
               | how LLMs can do small bits and tiny slivers of what they
               | do. And here you are - claiming that we actually _already
               | know_ everything there is to know about them.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | > Saying "I know how LLMs work because I read a paper
               | about transformer architecture" is about as delusional as
               | saying "I read a paper about transistors, and now I
               | understand how Ryzen 9800X3D works". Maybe more so.
               | 
               | Which is to say, not delusional at all.
               | 
               | Or else we have to accept that basically hardly anyone
               | "understands" _anything_. You set an unrealistic
               | standard.
               | 
               | Beginners play abstract board games terribly. We don't
               | say that this means they "don't understand" the game
               | until they become experts; nor do we say that the experts
               | "haven't understood" the game because it isn't strongly
               | solved. Knowing the rules, consistently making legal
               | moves and perhaps having some basic tactical ideas is
               | generally considered sufficient.
               | 
               | Similarly, people who took the SICP course and didn't
               | emerge thoroughly confused can reasonably be said to
               | "understand how to program". They don't have to create
               | MLOC-sized systems to prove it.
               | 
               | > It takes actual reverse engineering work to figure out
               | how LLMs can do small bits and tiny slivers of what they
               | do. And here you are - claiming that we actually already
               | know everything there is to know about them.
               | 
               | No; it's a dismissal of the _relevance_ of doing more
               | detailed analysis, _specifically to the question_ of what
               | "understanding" entails.
               | 
               | The fact that a large pile of "transformers" is capable
               | of producing the results we see now, may be surprising;
               | and we may lack the mental resources needed to trace
               | through a given calculation and ascribe aspects of the
               | result to specific outputs from specific parts of the
               | computation. But that just means it's a massive
               | computation. It doesn't fundamentally change how that
               | computation works, and doesn't negate the "understanding"
               | thereof.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Understanding a transistor is an incredibly small part of
               | how Ryzen 9800X3D does what it does.
               | 
               | Is it a foundational part? Yes. But if you have it and
               | nothing else, that adds up to knowing _almost nothing_
               | about how the whole CPU works. And you could come to
               | understand much more than that without ever learning what
               | a  "transistor" even is.
               | 
               | Understanding low level foundations does not
               | automatically confer the understanding of high level
               | behaviors! I wish I could make THAT into a nail, and
               | drive it into people's skulls, because I keep seeing
               | people who INSIST on making this mistake over and over
               | and over and over and over again.
        
               | whatevertrevor wrote:
               | There is so much complexity in _interactions_ of systems
               | that is easy to miss.
               | 
               | Saying that one can understand a modern CPU by
               | understanding how a transistor works is kinda akin to
               | saying you can understand the operation of a country by
               | understanding a human from it. It's a necessary step,
               | probably, but definitely not sufficient.
               | 
               | It also reminds me of a pet peeve in software development
               | where it's tempting to think you understand the system
               | from the unit tests of each component, while all the
               | interesting stuff happens when different components
               | interact with each other in novel ways.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | My entire point here is that one _can_ , in fact,
               | reasonably claim to "understand" a system without being
               | able to model its high level behaviors. It's not a
               | mistake; it's disagreeing with you about what the word
               | "understand" means.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | I'm not sure what claim your disputing or making with this.
         | 
         | What more are LLMs than statistical inference machines? I don't
         | know that I'd assert that's all they are with confidence but
         | all the configurations options I can play with during
         | generation (Top K, Top P, Temperature, etc.) are all ways to
         | _not_ select the most likely next token which leads me to
         | believe that they are, in fact, just statistical inference
         | machines.
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | What more are human brains than piles of wet meat?
           | 
           | It's not an argument - it's a dismissal. It's boneheaded
           | refusal to think on the matter in any depth, or consider any
           | of the implications.
           | 
           | The main reason to say "LLMs are just next token predictions"
           | is to stop thinking about all the inconvenient things. Things
           | like "how the fuck does training on piles of text make
           | machines that can write new short stories" or "why is a big
           | fat pile of matrix multiplications better at solving unseen
           | math problems than I am".
        
             | zahlman wrote:
             | > What more are human brains than piles of wet meat?
             | 
             | Calculation isn't what makes us special; that's down to
             | things like consciousness, self-awareness and volition.
             | 
             | > The main reason to say "LLMs are just next token
             | predictions" is to stop thinking about all the inconvenient
             | things. Things like...
             | 
             | They do it by iteratively predicting the next token.
             | 
             | Suppose the calculations to do a more detailed analysis
             | were tractable. Why should we expect the result to be any
             | more _insightful_? It would not make the computer
             | conscious, self-aware or motivated. For the same reason
             | that conventional programs do not.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Do you have, by chance, a set of benchmarks that could be
               | administered to humans and LLMs both, and used to measure
               | and compare the levels of "consciousness, self-awareness
               | and volition" in them?
               | 
               | Because if not, it's worthless philosophical drivel. If
               | it can't be defined, let alone measured, then it might as
               | well not exist.
               | 
               | What is measurable and does exist: performance on
               | specific tasks.
               | 
               | And the pool of tasks where humans confidently outperform
               | LLMs is both finite and ever diminishing. That doesn't
               | bode well for human intelligence being unique or
               | exceptional in any way.
        
               | zahlman wrote:
               | > Because if not, it's worthless philosophical drivel.
               | 
               | The feeling is mutual:
               | 
               | > ... that doesn't bode well for human intelligence being
               | unique or exceptional in any way.
               | 
               | My guess was that you argued that we "don't understand"
               | these systems, or that our incomplete analysis matters,
               | specifically to justify the possibility that they _are_
               | in whatever sense  "intelligent". And now you are making
               | that explicit.
               | 
               | If you think that intelligence is well-defined enough,
               | and the definition agreed-upon enough, to argue along
               | these lines, the sophistry is yours.
               | 
               | > If it can't be defined, let alone measured
               | 
               | In fact, we can measure things (like "intelligence")
               | _without being able to define them_. We can generally
               | agree that a person of higher IQ has been measured to be
               | more intelligent than a person of lower IQ, even without
               | agreeing on what was actually measured. Measurement can
               | be indirect; we only need accept that performance on
               | tasks on an IQ test _correlates with_ intelligence, not
               | necessarily that the tasks demonstrate or represent
               | intelligence.
               | 
               | And similarly, based on our individual understanding of
               | the concept of "intelligence", we may conclude that IQ
               | test results may not be probative in specific cases, or
               | that administering such a test is inappropriate in
               | specific cases.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Well, you could do the funny thing, and try to measure
               | the IQ of an LLM using human IQ tests.
               | 
               | Frontier models usually get somewhere between 90 and 125,
               | including on unseen tasks. Massive error bars. The
               | performance of frontier models keeps rising, in line with
               | other benchmarks.
               | 
               | And, for all the obvious issues with the method? It's
               | less of a worthless thing to do than claiming "LLMs don't
               | have consciousness, self-awareness and volition, and no,
               | not gonna give definitions, not gonna give tests, they
               | just don't have that".
        
             | remich wrote:
             | The way I always like to think about it is: "a computer
             | shouldn't be able to do this."
             | 
             | I'm an SWE working in AI-related development so I have a
             | probably higher baseline of understanding than most, but
             | even I end up awed sometimes. For example, I was playing a
             | video game the other night that had an annoying box sliding
             | puzzle in it (you know, where you've got to move a piece to
             | specific area but it's blocked by other pieces that you
             | need to move in some order first). I struggled with it for
             | way too long (because I missed a crucial detail), so for
             | shits and giggles I decided to let ChatGPT have a go at it.
             | 
             | I took a photo of the initial game board on my tv and fed
             | it into the high thinking version with a bit of text
             | describing the desired outcome. ChatGPT was able to process
             | the image and my text and after a few turns generated
             | python code to solve it. It didn't come up with the
             | solution, but that's because of the detail I missed that
             | fundamentally changed the rules.
             | 
             | Anyway, I've been in the tech industry long enough that I
             | have a pretty good idea of what should and shouldn't be
             | possible with programs. It's absolutely wild to me that I
             | was able to use a photo of a game board and like three
             | sentences of text and end up with an accurate conclusion
             | (that it was unsolvable based on the provided rules).
             | There's so much more potential with these things than many
             | people realize.
        
       | sho_hn wrote:
       | I'm not sure this is something I really worry about. Whenever I
       | use an LLM I feel dumber, not smarter; there's a sensation of
       | relying on a crutch instead of having done the due diligence of
       | learning something myself. I'm less confident in the knowledge
       | and less likely to present it as such. Is anyone really cocksure
       | on the basis of LLM received knowledge?
       | 
       | > As I ChatGPT user I notice that I'm often left with a sense of
       | certainty.
       | 
       | They have almost the opposite effect on me.
       | 
       | Even with knowledge from books or articles I've learned to multi-
       | source and question things, and my mind treats the LLMs as a less
       | reliable averaging of sources.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | If you feel dumber, it's because you're using the LLM to do raw
         | work instead of using it for research. It should be a
         | google/stackoverflow replacement, not a really powerful
         | intellisense. You should feel no dumber than using google to
         | investigate questions.
        
           | Insanity wrote:
           | I don't think this is entirely accurate. If you look at this:
           | https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/your-brain-on-
           | chatgpt..., it shows that search engines do engage your brain
           | _more_ than LLM usage. So you'll remember more through search
           | engine use (and crawling the web 'manually') than by just
           | prompting a chatbot.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | I find that it is terrible for research, and hallucinates 25%
           | to 90% of its references.
           | 
           | If you tell it to find something and give it a detailed
           | description of what you're looking for, it will pretend like
           | it has verified that that thing exists, and give you a
           | bulletpoint lecture about why it is such an effective and
           | interesting thing that 1) you didn't ask for, and 2) is
           | really it parroting your description back to you with
           | embellishments.
           | 
           | I thought I was going to be able to use LLMs primarily for
           | research, because I have read an enormous number of things
           | (books, papers) in my life, and I can't necessarily find them
           | again when they would be useful. Trying to track them down
           | through LLMs is rarely successful and always agonizing, like
           | pulling teeth that are constantly lying to you. A surprising
           | outcome is that I often get so frustrated by the LLM and so
           | detailed in how I'm complaining about its stupid responses
           | that I remind myself of something that allows me to find the
           | reference on my own.
           | 
           | I have to suspect that people who find it useful for research
           | are researching things that are easily discoverable through
           | many other means. Those are not the things that are
           | interesting. I totally find it useful to find something in
           | software docs that I'm too lazy to look up myself, but it's
           | literally saving me 10 minutes.
        
         | Insanity wrote:
         | I remember back when I was in secondary school, something
         | commonly heard was
         | 
         | "Don't just trust wikipedia, check it's resources, because it's
         | crowdsourced and can be wrong".
         | 
         | Now, almost 2 decades later, I rarely hear this stance and I
         | see people relying on wikipedia as an authoritative source of
         | truth. i.e, linking to wikipedia instead of the underlying
         | sources.
         | 
         | In the same sense, I can see that "Don't trust LLMs" will
         | slowly fade away and people will blindly trust them.
        
           | aabhay wrote:
           | There's also the fact that both Wikipedia and LLMs are non-
           | stationary. The quality of wikipedia has grown immensely
           | since its inception and LLMs will get more accurate (if not
           | explicitly "smarter")
        
             | derektank wrote:
             | I'm not entirely convinced that the quality of Wikipedia
             | has improved substantially in the last decade.
        
               | vablings wrote:
               | Care to provide any counter-examples? Please make it know
               | if you end up using Wikipedia for your source of if
               | Wikipedia's quality has changed
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | How in the world would you supply a counter-example for
               | "the quality of Wikipedia has/hasn't improved
               | substantially in the last decade"?
               | 
               | I also can't even read the second sentence. I think there
               | are typos there, but there's no mental correction I can
               | do to make it coherent for me.
        
               | jancsika wrote:
               | I can't think of a better accidental metric than that!
               | 
               | I'll go ahead and speculate that the number of incoherent
               | sentences per article has gone down substantially over
               | the last decade, probably due to the relevant tooling
               | getting better over the same period.
        
               | SJMG wrote:
               | I think you would need a complicated set of metrics to
               | claim something like "improved" that wasn't caveated to
               | death. An immediate conflict being total number of
               | articles vs impressions of articles labeled with POV
               | biases. If both go up has the site improved?
               | 
               | I find I trust Wikipedia less these days, though still
               | more than LLM output.
        
             | djoldman wrote:
             | Wikipedia probably wins here because you can link to a
             | permalink version of an article.
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | I don't think the cases are really the same. With Wikipedia
           | people have learned to trust that the probability of the
           | information being at least reasonably good is pretty high
           | because there's an editing crucible around it and the ability
           | to correct misinformation surgically. No one can hotpatch a
           | LLM in 5mins.
        
             | asmor wrote:
             | The best LLM powered solutions are as little LLM and as
             | much conventional search engine / semantic database lookups
             | and handcrafted coaxing as possible. But even then, the
             | conversational interface is nice and lets you do less
             | handcrafting in the NLP department.
             | 
             | Using Perplexity or Claude in "please source your answer"
             | mode is much more like a conventional search engine than
             | looking up data embedded in 5 trillion (or whatever)
             | parameters.
        
           | tayo42 wrote:
           | Wikipedia is usually close enough and most users don't
           | require perfection for their "facts"
           | 
           | Ive noticed things like gemini summaries on Google searches
           | are also generally close enough.
        
             | cratermoon wrote:
             | Close enough only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades
        
               | brookst wrote:
               | And most human communication
        
             | hn_acc1 wrote:
             | Except when they glaringly get things wrong like "character
             | X on show Y said catchphrase Z", and two queries produce
             | two different values of X, one right, one wrong. The more I
             | use gemini summaries for things I know a bit about, the
             | worse my opinion of them..
        
               | daotoad wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_amnesia_effect
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | Thanks for the Wikipedia link, do you have a source? /s
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > Now, almost 2 decades later, I rarely hear this stance and
           | I see people relying on wikipedia as an authoritative source
           | of truth. i.e, linking to wikipedia instead of the underlying
           | sources.
           | 
           | That's a different scenario. You shouldn't _cite wikipedia in
           | a paper_ (instead you should generally use its sources), but
           | it's perfectly fine in most circumstances to link it in the
           | course of an internet argument or whatever.
        
           | miningape wrote:
           | > "Don't just trust wikipedia, check it's resources, because
           | it's crowdsourced and can be wrong"
           | 
           | This comes from decades of teachers misremembering what the
           | rule was, and eventually it morphed into the Wikipedia
           | specific form we see today - the actual rule is that you
           | cannot cite an encyclopaedia in an academic paper. full stop.
           | 
           | Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia and therefore should not be
           | cited.
           | 
           | Wikipedia is the only encyclopaedia most people have used in
           | the last 20 years, therefore Wikipedia = encyclopaedia in
           | most people's minds.
           | 
           | There's nothing wrong with using an encyclopaedia for
           | learning or introducing yourself to a topic (in fact this is
           | what teachers told students to do). And there's nothing
           | specifically wrong about Wikipedia either.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | The original rule when I was a lad (when wikipedia was a
             | baby) was, "don't trust stuff on the internet, especially
             | Wikipedia where people can change it at will."
             | 
             | Today they might have better trust for Wikipedia-- and I
             | know I use it as a source of truth for a lot of things--
             | but _back in my day_ teachers were of the opinion that it
             | couldn 't be trusted. This was for like middle and high
             | school, not college or university, so we would cite
             | encyclopedias and that sort of thing, since we weren't
             | reading cutting edge papers back then (maybe today kids
             | read them, who knows).
             | 
             | Edit: Also, I think the GP comment was proven correct by
             | all of the replies claiming that Wikipedia was never
             | controversial because it was very clear to everyone my age
             | when Wikipedia was created/founded that teachers didn't
             | trust the internet nor Wikipedia at the time.
        
               | ecocentrik wrote:
               | There was a period of time where Wikipedia was more
               | scrutinized than print encyclopedias because people did
               | not understand the power of having 1000s of experts and
               | the occasional non-experts editing an entry for free
               | instead of underpaying one sudo-expert. They couldn't
               | comprehend how an open source encyclopedia would even
               | work or trust that humans could effectively collaborate
               | on the task. They imagined that 1000s of self-interested
               | chaos monkeys would spend all of their energy destroying
               | what 2-3 hard working people has spent hours creating
               | instead of the inverse. Humans are very pessimistic about
               | other humans. In my experience when humans are given the
               | choice to cooperate or fight, most choose to cooperate.
               | 
               | All of that said, I trust Wikipedia more than I trust any
               | LLMs but don't rely on either as a final source for
               | understanding complex topics.
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | > " _They imagined that 1000s of self-interested chaos
               | monkeys would spend all of their energy destroying what
               | 2-3 hard working people has spent hours creating instead
               | of the inverse._ "
               | 
               | Isn't that exactly what happens on any controversial
               | Wikipedia page?
        
               | ecocentrik wrote:
               | There's not that many controversial topics at any given
               | time. One of Wikipedia's solutions was to lock pages
               | until a controversy subsided. Perma-controversy has been
               | managed in other ways, like avoiding the statement of
               | opinion as fact, the use of clear and uncontroversial
               | language, using discussion pages to hash out acceptable
               | and unacceptable content, competent moderators... Rage
               | burns itself and people get bored with vandalism.
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | > In my experience when humans are given the choice to
               | cooperate or fight, most choose to cooperate.
               | 
               | Personally, my opinion of human nature falls somewhere in
               | the middle of those two extremes.
               | 
               | I think when humans are given the choice to cooperate or
               | fight, most choose to order a pizza.
               | 
               | A content creator I used to follow was fond of saying
               | "Chill out, America isn't headed towards another civil
               | war. We're way too fat and lazy for that."
        
               | ecocentrik wrote:
               | Even ordering a pizza requires the cooperation of a
               | functioning telecom system, a pizza manufacturer, a
               | delivery person, a hungry customer...
        
               | gspencley wrote:
               | Sure but I hope you get my point. Fighting takes effort,
               | cooperation takes effort. Most people have other things
               | to worry about and don't care about whatever it is you're
               | fighting or cooperating over. People aren't motivated
               | enough to try and sabotage the wikipedia articles of
               | others. Even if they could automate it. There's just
               | nothing in it for them.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | > the power of having 1000s of experts and the occasional
               | non-experts editing an entry
               | 
               | When Wikipedia was founded, it was much easier to change
               | articles without notice. There may not have been 1000s of
               | experts at the time, like there are today. There's also
               | other things that Wikipedia does to ensure articles are
               | accurate today that they may not have done or been able
               | to do decades ago.
               | 
               | I am not making a judgment of Wikipedia, I use it quite a
               | bit, I am just stating that it wasn't trusted when it
               | first came out _specifically because it could be changed
               | by anyone_. No one understood it then, but today I think
               | people understand that it 's probably as trustworthy or
               | moreso than a traditional encyclopedia is/was.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | Both comments are missing the _reason_ that an encyclopedia
             | should not be cited:
             | 
             | An encyclopedia does not cite _its_ sources, and does not
             | claim to be a primary source, its potentialymistakes cannot
             | be checked.
             | 
             | (Wikipedia has the additional problem that, by default, the
             | version cited is the ever-changing "latest" version, not a
             | fixed and identified version.)
        
               | miningape wrote:
               | You gave some good context I missed - The (even) more
               | technical (read: pretentious) explanation is that it's a
               | tertiary source. As a general rule of thumb secondary
               | sources are preferred over primary sources, but both are
               | acceptable in the right academic context.
               | 
               | I do understand the "latest version" argument, and it is
               | a weakness, but it's also a double edged sword - it means
               | Wikipedia can also be more up-to-date than (almost) any
               | other source for the information. Thats why I say there's
               | "nothing specifically wrong about Wikipedia either" it
               | can be held in similar regard to other tertiary sources
               | and encyclopaedias - with all the problems that come with
               | those.
        
               | smw wrote:
               | Maybe you haven't used Wikipedia? It very definitely
               | cites its sources. Material that doesn't have a cited
               | source is removed regularly.
        
               | throwaway198846 wrote:
               | There is plenty of not properly sourced claims on
               | Wikipedia
        
               | jjk166 wrote:
               | That's not at all the reason.
               | 
               | Encyclopedias are tertiary sources, compilations of
               | information generated by others. They are neither sources
               | of first hand information (primary sources) nor original
               | analysis (secondary sources). You can't cite
               | encyclopedias because there's nothing to cite. The
               | encyclopedia was not the first place the claim was made,
               | even if it was the first place you happened to read it.
               | You don't attribute a Wayne Gretsky quote to Michael
               | Scott no matter how clearly he told you Wayne Gretsky
               | said it.
        
             | jermaustin1 wrote:
             | I remember all of our encyclopedias being decades out of
             | date growing up. My parents bought a set of Encyclopedia
             | Brittanica in 1976 or something like that, so by the time I
             | was reading the Encyclopedia for research on papers in the
             | late 90s and early 00s, it was without a doubt less factual
             | than even the earliest incarnation of Wikipedia was.
             | 
             | Either way, you are correct, we weren't allowed to cite any
             | encyclopedia, but they were meant to be jumping off points
             | for papers. After Wikipedia launched when I was in 9th
             | grade, we weren't allowed to even look at it (blocked from
             | school computers).
             | 
             | I definitely used it though.
        
             | gspencley wrote:
             | More colloquially, people would say that Wikipedia could
             | not be trusted because "anyone can edit the pages or write
             | whatever they want."
             | 
             | Of course that's demonstrative of the genesis fallacy.
             | Anyone can write or publish a book, too. So it always comes
             | down to "how can you trust information?" That's where
             | individual responsibility to think critically comes in.
             | There's not really anything you can do about the fact that
             | a lot of people will choose to not think.
        
             | lovestory wrote:
             | That's why you should cite Grokipedia instead /s
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | A big reason for this is that Wikipedia's source is often a
           | book or a journal article that is either offline or behind an
           | academic paywall. Checking the source is effectively
           | impossible without visiting a college campus's library. The
           | likelihood that the cited information is wrongly summarizing
           | the contents is low enough and the cost is high enough that
           | doing so regularly would be irrational.
        
             | Ultimatt wrote:
             | A bigger problem in this respect with Wikipedia is it often
             | cites secondary sources hidden behind an academic
             | fire/paywall. It very often cites review articles and some
             | of these aren't necessary entirely accurate.
        
           | Theodores wrote:
           | It wasn't just Wikipedia, which was a relatively recent
           | addition to the web, everything online was a 'load of
           | rubbish'.
           | 
           | In turn-of-the-century boomer world, reality was what you saw
           | on TV. If you saw something with your own eyes that
           | contradicted the world view presented by the media, then
           | one's eyes were to be disbelieved. The only reputable sources
           | of news were the mainstream media outlets. The only credible
           | history books would be those with reviews from the mainstream
           | media, with anything else just being the 'ramblings of a
           | nutter'.
           | 
           | In short, we built a beautiful post-truth world and now we
           | are set on outsourcing our critical thinking to LLMs.
        
           | thewebguyd wrote:
           | > I can see that "Don't trust LLMs" will slowly fade away and
           | people will blindly trust them.
           | 
           | That's already happening. I don't even think we had a very
           | long "Don't trust LLMs" phase, if we did it was very short.
           | 
           | The "normies" already trust whatever they spit out. At
           | leadership meetings at my work, if I say anything that goes
           | against the marketing hype for LLMs, such as talking about
           | "Don't trust LLMs", it's met with eye rolls and I'm not
           | forward thinking enough, blah blah.
           | 
           | Management-types have 100% bought into the hype and are
           | increasingly more difficult to convince otherwise.
        
             | brookst wrote:
             | I can't speak to your specific experience, but I do some of
             | this kind of eye-rolling when people bring short term
             | limitations on LLMs into long term strategy.
             | 
             | I'm reminded of when people at work assured me the internet
             | was never going to impact media consumption because
             | 28.8kbps is not nearly enough for video.
        
           | Ultimatt wrote:
           | Well also years of Wikipedia proving to be more accurate than
           | anything in print and rarely and not for very long
           | misrepresenting source materials. For LLMs to get that same
           | respect they would have to pull off all of the same
           | reassuring qualities.
        
         | freejazz wrote:
         | > Is anyone really cocksure on the basis of LLM received
         | knowledge?
         | 
         | Yeah, the stupid.
        
         | code_for_monkey wrote:
         | unfortunately im like you and we are in the minority. The
         | manager class loves the llm and doesnt seem to consider its
         | flaws like that.
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | Nah, I feel smart to use it in a smart way to get stuff done
         | faster than before.
        
         | everdrive wrote:
         | This captures my experience quite well. I can "get a lot more
         | done," but it's not really me doing the things, and I feel like
         | a bit of a fraud. And as the workday and the workweek roll on,
         | I find myself needing to force myself to look things up and
         | experiment rather than just asking the LLM. It's quite clear
         | that for most people LLMs will make the more dependent. People
         | with better discipline I think will really benefit in big ways,
         | and you'll see this become a new luxury belief; the disciplined
         | geniuses around us will genuinely be perplexed why people are
         | saying that LLMs have made them less capable, much in the same
         | way they wonder why people can't just limit their drug use
         | recreationally.
        
           | Brendinooo wrote:
           | >it's not really me doing the things, and I feel like a bit
           | of a fraud
           | 
           | I've been thinking about this a bit. We don't really think
           | this way in other areas, is it appropriate to think this way
           | here?
           | 
           | My car has an automatic transmission, am I a fraud because
           | the machine is shifting gears for me?
           | 
           | My tractor plows a field, am I a fraud because I'm not using
           | draft horses or digging manually?
           | 
           | Spell check caught a word, am I a fraud because I didn't look
           | it up in a dictionary?
        
             | everdrive wrote:
             | I've been thinking about that comparison as well. A common
             | fantasy is that civilization will collapse and the guy who
             | knows how to hunt and start a fire will really excel. In
             | practice, this never happens and he's sort of left behind
             | unless he also has other skills relevant to the modern
             | world.
             | 
             | And, for instance, I have barely any knowledge of how my
             | computer works, but it's a tool I use to do my job. (and to
             | have fun at home.)
             | 
             | Why are these different than using LLMs? I think at least
             | for me the distinction is whether or not something enables
             | me to perform a task, or whether it's just doing the task
             | for me. If I had to write my own OS and word processor just
             | to write a letter, it'd never happen. The fact that the
             | computer does this for me facilitates my task. I could
             | write the letter by hand, but doing it in a word processor
             | is way better. Especially if I want to print multiple
             | copies of the letter.
             | 
             | But for LLMs, my task might be something like "setting up
             | apache is easy, but I've never done it so just tell me how
             | do it so I don't fumble through learning and make it take
             | way longer." The task was setting up Apache. The task was
             | assigned to me, but I didn't really do it. There wasn't
             | necessarily some higher level task that I merely needed
             | Apache for. Apache was the whole task! And I didn't do it!
             | 
             | Now, this will not be the case for all LLM-enabled tasks,
             | but I think this distinction speaks to my experience. In
             | the previous word processor example, the LLM would just
             | write my document for me. It doesn't allow me to write my
             | document more efficiently. It's efficient, only in the
             | sense that I no longer need to actually do it myself,
             | except for maybe to act as an editor. (and most people
             | don't even do much of that work) My skill in writing either
             | atrophies or never fully develops since I don't actually
             | need to spend any time doing it or thinking about it.
             | 
             | In a perfect world, I use self-discipline to have the LLM
             | show me how to set up Apache, then take notes, and then
             | research, and then set it up manually in subsequent runs;
             | I'd have benefited from learning the task much more quickly
             | than if I'd done it alone, but also used my self-discipline
             | to make sure I actually really learned something and
             | developed expertise as well. My argument is that most
             | people will not succeed in doing this, and will just let
             | the LLM think for them.
        
               | Brendinooo wrote:
               | I remember seeing a tweet awhile back that talked about
               | how modernity separated work from physicality, and now
               | you have to do exercise on purpose. I think the Internet
               | plus car-driven societies had done something similar to
               | being social, and LLMs are doing something to both
               | thinking, as well as the kind of virtue that enables one
               | to master a craft.
               | 
               | So, while it's an imperfect answer that I haven't really
               | nailed down yet, maybe the answer is just to realize this
               | and make sure we're doing hard things on purpose
               | sometimes. This stuff has enabled free time, we just
               | can't use it to doomscroll.
        
               | everdrive wrote:
               | >Internet plus car-driven societies had done something
               | similar to being social,
               | 
               | That's an interesting take on the loneliness crisis that
               | I had not considered. I think you're really onto
               | something. Thanks for sharing. I don't want to dive into
               | this topic too much since it's political and really off-
               | topic for the thread, but thank you for suggesting this.
        
               | njarboe wrote:
               | Radio and especially TV also had large social effects.
               | People used to play cards, instruments, and other social
               | things before TV. Then household TV watching maxxed at 9
               | hours/day in 2010 (5hr/d in 1950). (Would like to know
               | the per person watching and these are from Nielsen who
               | would want higher numbers) [1].
               | 
               | Cars help people be social in my world. I would say that
               | riding on a train in your own bubble with strangers is
               | not a social activity, but others would disagree.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.bunkhistory.org/resources/when-did-tv-
               | watching-p...
        
               | gtowey wrote:
               | > Why are these different than using LLMs?
               | 
               | I would say that with a computer you're using a tool to
               | take care of mundane details and speed up the mechanics
               | of tasks in your life. Such as writing a document, or
               | playing a game. I can't think of a way I would be
               | seriously disadvantaged by not having the ability to
               | hand-write an essay or have games I can readily play
               | without a computer. Computers are more like tools in the
               | way a hammer is a tool. I don't mind being totally
               | dependent on a computer for those tasks in the same way I
               | don't mind that I need a hammer anytime I want to drive a
               | nail.
               | 
               | But for many people, LLMs replace _critical thinking_.
               | They offer the allure of outsourcing planning, research,
               | and generating ideas. These skills seem more fundamental
               | to me, and I would say there 's definitely a loss somehow
               | of one's humanity if you let those things atrophy to the
               | point you become utterly dependent on LLMs.
        
               | ctoth wrote:
               | But what is Apache for?
               | 
               | You don't just set up Apache to have run Apache? You set
               | it up to serve web content! It is middleware, it is not
               | in of itself useful?
               | 
               | Isn't setting up Apache robbing yourself of the
               | opportunity to learn about writing your own HTTP server?
               | In C? And what a bad idea that is?
               | 
               | The LLM helping you configure a web server is no
               | different than the web server helping you serve HTTP
               | instead of implementing a web server from scratch. You've
               | just seemingly? arbitrarily decided your preferred
               | abstraction layer is where "real work" happens.
               | 
               | Okay, maybe LLMs might disappear tomorrow and so for some
               | reason the particular skill of configuring Apache will
               | become useful again, maybe! But I'm already using
               | brainpower to memorize phone numbers in case my
               | smartphone contacts disappear, so maybe I won't have room
               | for those Apache configs ;-)
        
               | saltcured wrote:
               | I don't have any great answer. But when I think about
               | this for myself, I realize there is are different kinds
               | of abstraction that qualitatively change the nature of
               | the work.
               | 
               | I don't want my software developer's experience to turn
               | into a real estate developer's experience. I don't want
               | to go from being a technical knowledge worker to a
               | financier or contract negotiator. I've realized I was
               | never in it for the outcome. I was in it for the
               | exploration and puzzles.
               | 
               | Similarly, I don't want to become a "Hollywood producer"
               | cliche. This caricature was a common joke earlier in my
               | tech career in Southern California. We detested the idea
               | of becoming a "tech" person acting like a Steve Martin
               | parody of a Hollywood wheeler-dealer. Someone sitting in
               | a cafe, pitching ideas that was nothing more than a
               | reference to an existing work with an added gimmick or
               | casting change.
               | 
               | To me, that caricature combines two negative aspects. One
               | is the heavily derivative and cynical nature. The other
               | is the stratospheric abstraction level, where folks at
               | this level see themselves as visionaries rather than just
               | patrons of someone else doing all the creative work.
               | 
               | I don't want to be a patron of an LLM or other black box.
        
               | dcotter wrote:
               | > But for LLMs, my task might be something like "setting
               | up apache is easy, but I've never done it so just tell me
               | how do it so I don't fumble through learning and make it
               | take way longer." The task was setting up Apache. The
               | task was assigned to me, but I didn't really do it. There
               | wasn't necessarily some higher level task that I merely
               | needed Apache for. Apache was the whole task! And I
               | didn't do it!
               | 
               | To play devil's advocate: Setting up Apache was your
               | task. A) Either it was a one-off that you'll never have
               | to do again, in which case it wasn't very important that
               | you learn the process inside and out, or b) it is a task
               | you'll have to do again (and again), and having the LLM
               | walk you through the setup the first time acts as
               | training wheels (unless you just lazily copy & paste and
               | let it become a crutch).
               | 
               | I frequently have the LLM walk me through an unfamiliar
               | task and, depending on several factors such as whether I
               | expect to have to do it again soon, the urgency of the
               | task, and my interest and/or energy at the moment, I will
               | ask the LLM follow-up questions, challenge it on far-
               | fetched claims, investigate alternative techniques, etc.
               | Execute one command at a time, once you've understood
               | what it's meant to do, what the program you're running
               | does, how its parameters change what it does, and so on,
               | and let the LLM help you get the picture.
               | 
               | The alternative is to try to piece together a complete
               | picture of the process from official documentation like
               | tutorials & user manuals, disparate bits of information
               | in search results, possibly wrong and/or incomplete
               | information from Q&A forums, and muddle through lots of
               | trial and error. Time-consuming, labor-intensive, and
               | much less efficient at giving your a broad-strokes idea
               | of how the whole thing works.
               | 
               | I much prefer the back-and-forth with the LLM and think
               | it gives me a better understanding of the big picture
               | than the slow and frustrating muddling approach.
        
               | mwcampbell wrote:
               | > the distinction is whether or not something enables me
               | to perform a task, or whether it's just doing the task
               | for me.
               | 
               | I think school has taught us to believe that if we're
               | assigned a task, and we take a shortcut to avoid doing
               | the task ourselves, that's wrong. And yes, when the
               | purpose is to learn the task or the underlying concepts,
               | that's probably true. But in a job environment, the
               | employer presumably only cares that the task got done in
               | the most efficient way possible.
               | 
               | Edit to add: When configuring or using a particular
               | program is tedious and/or difficult enough that you feel
               | the need to turn to an LLM for help, I think it's an
               | indication that a better program is needed. Having an LLM
               | configure or operate a computer program for you is kind
               | of like having a robot operate a computer UI that was
               | designed for humans, as opposed to having a higher-level
               | program just do the higher-level automation directly. In
               | the specific case of the Apache HTTP Server, depending on
               | what you need to do, you may find that Caddy is easy
               | enough that you can configure it yourself without
               | requiring the LLM. For common web server scenarios, a
               | Caddyfile is very short, much shorter than a typical
               | Apache or nginx configuration.
        
             | thewebguyd wrote:
             | I mostly agree with this. LLMs are just another tool, and
             | we've learned how to use and adapted to using many other
             | tools throughout our history just fine.
             | 
             | With the caveat of for our field in particular, it's one of
             | the few that require continuous learning and adaptation, so
             | tech workers in a way are better predisposed to this line
             | of thinking and tool adoption without some of the potential
             | harmful side effects.
             | 
             | To pick on spell check, it has been showing that we can
             | develop a dependency on it and thereby losing our own
             | ability to spell and reason about language. But, is that a
             | bad thing? I don't know.
             | 
             | What I do know is humans have been outsourcing our thinking
             | for a long time. LLMs are another evolution in that
             | process, just another way to push off cognitive load onto a
             | tool like we've done with stone tablets, books, paper
             | notes, digital notes, google, etc.
        
             | chowells wrote:
             | It's appropriate to think this way with LLM output because
             | LLMs are still _terrible_ some significant portion of the
             | time. If you don 't actually know what you're doing, you
             | have no way to distinguish between their output being
             | correct or their output being able to pass the tests you
             | can think of.
             | 
             | As a software developer, your job is to understand code and
             | business constraints so you can solve problems the way most
             | appropriate for the situation. If you aren't actually
             | keeping up with those constraints as they change through
             | time, you're not doing your job. And yeah, that's a kind of
             | fraud. Maybe it's more on yourself than your employer most
             | of the time, but... It's your job. If you don't want to do
             | it, maybe it's more respectful of your own time, energy,
             | and humanity to move on.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Most of the time it feels like a crutch to me. There has been a
         | few moments where it unlocked deep motivation (by having a feel
         | for the size of a solution based on chatgpt output) and one
         | time a research project where any crazy idea I threw, it would
         | imagine what it would entail in terms of semantics and then I
         | was inspired even more.
         | 
         | The jury is Still out on what value these things will bring
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | > Is anyone really cocksure on the basis of LLM received
         | knowledge?
         | 
         | Some people certainly seem to be. You see this a lot on
         | webforums; someone spews a lot of confident superficially
         | plausible-looking nonsense, then when someone points out that
         | it is nonsense, they say they got it from a magic robot.
         | 
         | I think this is particularly common for non-tech people, who
         | are more likely to believe that the magic robots are actually
         | intelligent.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Well I think your experience is, if not in the minority, at
         | least not the overwhelming majority.
         | 
         | Lots of folks think it's amazing and greatly empowers them.
        
         | nathan_compton wrote:
         | Yeah, everything I get out of the AI stinks of wrongness, even
         | when its not materially wrong. There is a flimsiness to
         | everything.
        
         | bootsmann wrote:
         | > Is anyone really cocksure on the basis of LLM received
         | knowledge?
         | 
         | I work for a company with an open source product and the number
         | of support requests we get from people who ask the chatbot to
         | do their config and then end up with something nonfunctioning
         | is quite significant. Goes up to users complaining our api is
         | down because the chatbot hallucinated the endpoint.
        
           | threetonesun wrote:
           | LLMs do love to make up endpoints and parameters, but I have
           | found that ones with web access are pretty good at
           | copy/pasting configs if they can find them, so it might be
           | worth a few minutes of exploring what people are actually
           | finding that's causing it to make up an endpoint. I have not
           | (yet!) seen an instance where making something easier for
           | LLMs to parse didn't also help human comprehension.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | Nothing stops you from spending the paltry $60 to find out how
         | ridiculously good coding agents are. It's only a matter of time
         | for other problems.
        
       | cachius wrote:
       | From the title I thought this was a repost of 'AI is Dunning-
       | Kruger as a service '
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45851483
       | 
       | It is not.
        
       | gopheryourshelf wrote:
       | >"the problem with the world is that the stupid are cocksure,
       | while the intelligent are full of doubt."
       | 
       | Is it me or does everyone find that dumb people seem to use this
       | statement more than ever?
        
         | stevenwoo wrote:
         | It appears to be a paraphrasing of William Butler Yeats
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Coming_(poem)
        
         | 0xdeadbeefbabe wrote:
         | Ugh. You can be cocksure of your doubts. It's still confidence,
         | duh.
        
         | aeve890 wrote:
         | Everyone thinks they're the intelligent ones, of course. Which
         | reinforces the repetition ad nauseam of Dunning Kruger. Which
         | is on itself dumb AF because the effect described by Dunning
         | and Kruger has been repeatedly exaggerated and misinterpreted.
         | Which in turn is even dumber because Dunning-Kruger effect is
         | debatable and reproducibility is weak at best.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | Yeah, nobody who ever mentions the DK effect (myself
           | included) ever stops to consider they might be in the "dumb"
           | cohort ;)
           | 
           | We are all geniuses!
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | I know I'm a terrible driver. I just think everyone else is
             | worse.
        
       | vehemenz wrote:
       | I hate to comment on just a headline--thought I did read the
       | article--but it's wrong enough to warrant correcting.
       | 
       | This is not what the Dunning-Kruger effect is. It's lacking
       | metacognitive ability to understand one's own skill level.
       | Overconfidence resulting from ignorance isn't the same thing. Joe
       | Rogan propagated the version of this phenomenon that infiltrated
       | public consciousness, and we've been stuck with it ever since.
       | 
       | Ironically, you can plug this story into your favorite LLM, and
       | it will tell you the same thing. And, also ironically, the LLM
       | will generally know more than you in most contexts, so anyone
       | with a degree epistemic humility is better served taking it at
       | least as seriously as their own thoughts and intuitions, if not
       | at face value.
        
         | topaz0 wrote:
         | Funnily enough, DK is also not real -- just a statistical
         | artifact of a poorly chosen analysis.
        
         | dktoao wrote:
         | Ok, I think you are going to need to explain to me why
         | "Overconfidence resulting from ignorance" isn't exactly the
         | same thing as "lacking metacognitive ability to understand
         | one's own skill level". Just worded more simply
        
       | lukev wrote:
       | I very much agree. I've been telling folks in trainings that I do
       | that the term "artificial intelligence" is a cognitohazard, in
       | that it pre-consciously steers you to conceptualize a LLM as an
       | _entity_.
       | 
       | LLMs are cool and useful technology, but if you approach them
       | with the attitude you're talking with an _other_ , you are
       | leaving yourself vulnerable to all sorts of cognitive
       | distortions.
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | It certainly isn't helped by the RLHF and chat interface
         | encouraging this. LLM providers have every incentive to make
         | their users engage it like an other. It was much harder to
         | accidentally do when it was just a completion UI and not
         | designed to roleplay as a person.
        
         | cgriswald wrote:
         | I don't think that is actually a problem. For decades people
         | have believed that computers can't be wrong. Why, now,
         | suddenly, would it be worse if they believed the computer
         | wasn't a computer?
         | 
         | The larger problem is cognitive offloading. The people for whom
         | this is a problem were already not doing the cognitive work of
         | verifying facts and forming their own opinions. Maybe they
         | watched the news, read a Wikipedia article, or listened to a
         | TEDtalk, but the results are the same: an opinion they felt
         | confident in without a verified basis.
         | 
         | To the extent this is on 'steroids', it is because they see it
         | as an expert (in everything) computer and because it is _so
         | much faster_ than watching a TED talk or reading a long form
         | article.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | It can also dispense agreeable confirmation on tap, with very
           | little friction and hardly any chance of accidentally
           | encountering something unexpected or challenging. Even TED
           | talks occasionally have a point of view that isn't perfectly
           | crafted for each hearer.
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | Use an agent to create something with a non-negotiable outcome.
       | Eg software that does something useful, or fails to, in a
       | language you don't program in. This is a helpful way to calibrate
       | your own understanding of what LLMs are capable of.
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | Humans broadly have a tenuous grasp of "reality" and "truth."
       | Propagandists, spies and marketers know what philosophers of mind
       | prove all too well: most humans do not perceive or interact with
       | reality as it is, rather their perception of it as it contributes
       | or contradicts their desired future.
       | 
       | Provide a person confidence in their opinion and they will not
       | challenge it, as that would risk the reward of lend you live in a
       | coherent universe.
       | 
       | The majority person has never heard the term "epistemology"
       | despite the concept being central to how people derive coherence.
       | Yet all these trite pieces written about AI and its
       | intersectionality with knowledge claim some important technical
       | distinction.
       | 
       | I'm hopeful that a crisis of epistemology is coming, though
       | that's probably too hopeful. I'm just enjoying the circus at this
       | point
        
       | balderdash wrote:
       | I ascribe the effect of LLMs as similar to reading the newspaper,
       | when I learn about something I have no knowledge base in I come
       | away feeling like I learned a lot. When I interact with a
       | newspaper or LLM in an area where I have real domain expertise I
       | realize they don't know what they are talking about - which is
       | concerning about the information I get from them about topics I
       | don't have that high level of domain expertise.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | And why stop at newspapers, it's been a while since one could
         | say books have any integrity, pretty much anyone can get
         | anything into print these days. From political shenanigans to
         | self help books designed to confirm people's biases to sell
         | more units. Video's by far the hardest to fake but that's
         | changing as well.
         | 
         | Regardless of what media you get your info from you have to be
         | selective of what sources you trust. It's more true today than
         | ever before, because the bar for creating content has never
         | been lower.
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | The problem is that LLM output is so incredibly _confident_
           | in tone. It really sounds like you 're talking to an expert
           | who has years of experience and has done the research for you
           | - and tech companies push this angle quite hard.
           | 
           | That's bad when their output can be complete garbage at
           | times.
        
             | AlienRobot wrote:
             | It makes me really sad how Google pushes this technology
             | that is simply flat out wrong sometimes. I forgot what
             | exactly I searched for, but I searched for a color model
             | that Krita supports hoping to get the online documentation
             | as the first result and the under several Youtube
             | thumbnails the AI overview was telling me that Krita
             | doesn't support that color model and you need a plugin for
             | that. Under the AI overview was the search result I was
             | looking for about that color model in Krita.
             | 
             | And worse of all is that it's not even consistent, because
             | I tried the same searches again and I couldn't get the same
             | answer, so it just randomly decides to assert complete
             | nonsense sometimes while other times it gives the right
             | answer or says something completely unrelated.
             | 
             | It's really been a major negative in my search experience.
             | Every time I search for something I can't be sure that it's
             | actually quoting anything verbatim, so I need to check the
             | sources anyway. Except it's much harder to find the link to
             | the source with these AI's than it is to just browse the
             | verbatim snippets in a simple list of search results. So
             | it's just occupying space with something that is simply
             | less convenient.
        
               | thewebguyd wrote:
               | The AI is also indiscriminate with what "sources" it
               | chooses. Even deep research mode in gemini.
               | 
               | You can go through and look at the websites it checked,
               | and it's 80% blogspam with no other sources cited on said
               | blog.
               | 
               | When I'm manually doing a Google search, I'm not just
               | randomly picking the first few links I'm deliberately
               | filtering for credible domains or articles, not just
               | picking whatever random marketing blog SEO'd their way to
               | the top.
               | 
               | Sorry Gemini, an Advertorial from Times of India is not a
               | reliable source for what I'm looking for. Nor is this xyz
               | affiliate marketing blog stuffed to the brim with ads and
               | product placement.
               | 
               | Some of that is due to that's probably 90% of the
               | internet, but weren't these things trained on huge
               | amounts of books, and published peer-reviewed works?
               | Where are those in the sources?
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | It's trained on them, yes. But is it trained to prefer
               | them as sources when doing web search?
               | 
               | The distinction is rather important.
               | 
               | We have a lot of data that teaches LLMs useful
               | _knowledge_ , but data that teaches LLMs complex and
               | useful _behaviors_? Far less represented in the natural
               | datasets.
               | 
               | It's why we have to do SFT, RLHF and RLVR. It's why AI
               | contamination in real world text datasets,
               | counterintuitively, improves downstream AI performance.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | The next time you're working on your car google bolt
               | torque specs and cross reference the shit their "AI" says
               | with the factory shop manual. Hilarity ensues.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | I think eventually humans are going to need to disregard
             | confidence as any kind of indicator of quality, which will
             | be very difficult. Something about us is hardwired to
             | believe a confident delivery of words.
        
         | defgeneric wrote:
         | Also known as the "Gell-Mann amnesia effect" [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_amnesia_effect
        
       | avree wrote:
       | The title makes this incomprehensible. The author seemingly
       | defines Dunning-Kruger as the... opposite of the Dunning-Kruger
       | effect.
        
         | gowld wrote:
         | The "Dunning-Kruger Effect" Effect: A reference to Dunning-
         | Kruger Effect is almost certainly incorrect.
        
       | kraftman wrote:
       | I feel like when I talk to someone and they tell me a fact, that
       | fact goes into a kind of holding space, where I apply a filter of
       | 'who is this person that is telling me this thing to know what
       | the thing they are telling me is'. There's how well I know them,
       | there's the other beleifs I know they have, there's their
       | professional experience and their personal experience. That fact
       | then gets marked as 'probably a true fact' or 'mark beleives in
       | aliens'.
       | 
       | When I use chatGPT I do the same before I've asked for the fact:
       | how common is this problem? how well known is it? How likely is
       | that chatgpt both knows it and can surface it? Afterwards I don't
       | feel like I know something, I feel like I've got a faster broad
       | idea of what facts might exist and where to look for them, a good
       | set of things to investigate, etc.
        
         | giraffe_lady wrote:
         | The important part of this is the "I feel like" bit. There's a
         | fair but growing bit of research that the "fact" is more
         | durable in your memory than the context, and over time, across
         | a lot of information, you will lose some of the mappings and
         | integrate things you "know" to be false into model of the
         | world.
         | 
         | This more closely fits our models of cognition anyway. There is
         | nothing really very like a filter in the human mind, though
         | there are things that feel like them.
        
           | kraftman wrote:
           | Maybe but then thats the same wether I talk to chatGPT or a
           | human isnt it? except with chatgpt i instantly verify what im
           | looking for, whereas with a human i cant do that.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | I wouldn't assume that it's the same, no. For all we knock
             | them unconscious biases seem to get a lot of work done, we
             | do all know real things that we learned from other
             | unreliable humans, somehow. Not a perfect process at all
             | but one we are experienced at and have lifetimes of
             | intuition for.
             | 
             | The fact that LLMs seem like people but aren't,
             | specifically have a lot of the signals of a reliable source
             | in some ways, I'm not sure how these processes will map.
             | I'm skeptical of anyone who _is_ confident about it in
             | either way, in fact.
        
         | medstrom wrote:
         | Reminds me of "default to null":
         | 
         | > The mental motion of "I didn't really parse that paragraph,
         | but sure, whatever, I'll take the author's word for it" is, in
         | my introspective experience, absolutely identical to "I didn't
         | really parse that paragraph because it was bot-generated and
         | didn't make any sense so I couldn't possibly have parsed it",
         | except that in the first case, I assume that the error lies
         | with me rather than the text. This is not a safe assumption in
         | a post-GPT2 world. Instead of "default to humility" (assume
         | that when you don't understand a passage, the passage is true
         | and you're just missing something) the ideal mental action in a
         | world full of bots is "default to null" (if you don't
         | understand a passage, assume you're in the same epistemic state
         | as if you'd never read it at all.)
         | 
         | https://www.greaterwrong.com/posts/4AHXDwcGab5PhKhHT/humans-...
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > Afterwards I don't feel like I know something, I feel like
         | I've got a faster broad idea of what facts might exist and
         | where to look for them, a good set of things to investigate,
         | etc.
         | 
         | Can you cite a specific example where this happened for you?
         | I'm interested in how you think you went from "broad idea" to
         | building actual knowledge.
        
           | kraftman wrote:
           | Sure. I wanted to tile my bathroom, from chatgpt i learned
           | about laser levels, ledger boards, and levelling spacers (id
           | only seen those cross corner ones before).
        
             | catlifeonmars wrote:
             | FWIW that seems like low stakes compared to what I see
             | other people using LLMs for (e.g medical advice).
        
               | kraftman wrote:
               | I guess. I also used it to check the side effects of
               | coming off prednisolone, and it gave me some areas to
               | look at. I've used it a bunch to check out things around
               | kidney transplants and everything ive verified has been
               | correct.
        
       | chaostheory wrote:
       | There are so many guardrails now that are being improved daily.
       | This blog post is a year out of date. Not to mention that people
       | know how to prompt better these days.
       | 
       | To make his point, you need specific examples from specific LLMs.
        
       | jakubmazanec wrote:
       | It's possible that the Dunning-Kruger effect is not real, only a
       | measurement or statistical artefact [1]. So it probably needs
       | more and better studies.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-
       | thinking/dunning-...
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | 8 months or so ago, my quip regarding LLMs was "stochastic
       | parrot."
       | 
       | The term I've been using of late is "authority simulator." My
       | formative experiences with "authority figures" was a person who
       | can speak with breadth and depth about a subject and who seems to
       | have internalized it because they can answer quickly and
       | thoroughly. Because LLMs do this so well, it's really easy to
       | feel like you're talking to an authority in a subject. And even
       | though my brain intellectually knows this isn't true,
       | emotionally, the simulation of authority is comforting.
        
         | Qem wrote:
         | > 8 months or so ago, my quip regarding LLMs was "stochastic
         | parrot." The term I've been using of late is "authority
         | simulator."
         | 
         | I guess soon we'll hear them called weapons of mass epistemic
         | destruction.
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | And for some of us, it may be an anti-authoritarianism
         | stimulator.
        
       | GMoromisato wrote:
       | Speaking of uncertainty, I wish more people would accept their
       | uncertainty with regards to the future of LLMs rather than dash
       | off yet another cocksure article about how LLMs are {X}, and
       | therefore {completely useless}|{world-changing}.
       | 
       | Quantity has a quality of its own. The first chess engine to beat
       | Gary Kasparov wasn't fundamentally different than earlier ones--
       | it just had a lot more compute power.
       | 
       | The original Google algorithm was trivial: rank web pages by
       | incoming links--its superhuman power at giving us answers ("I'm
       | feeling lucky") was/is entirely due to a massive trove of data.
       | 
       | And remember all the articles about how unreliable Wikipedia was?
       | How can you trust something when anyone can edit a page? But
       | again, the power of quantity--thousands or millions of eyeballs
       | identifying errors--swamped any simple attacks.
       | 
       | Yes, LLMs are literally just matmul. How can anything useful,
       | much less intelligent, emerge from multiplying numbers really
       | fast? But then again, how can anything intelligent emerge from a
       | wet mass of brain cells? After all, we're just meat. How can meat
       | think?
        
         | svieira wrote:
         | > How can meat think?
         | 
         | Some of us _used_ to think that meat spontaneously generated
         | flies. Maybe someday we 'll (re-)learn that meat doesn't
         | spontaneously generate thought either?
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | I don't give much merit to ideas that demand the existence of
           | Magic Fairy Dust.
           | 
           | And especially not now. Not when LLMs can already do pretty
           | much anything that a human can - and some of those things
           | they can even do _well_.
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | My light-sensing meat read this as "spontaneously generated
           | files" about 3 times before finally seeing maggots instead of
           | tokens...
        
         | hathawsh wrote:
         | Most of HN has probably seen this gem about "thinking meat",
         | but in case you haven't:
         | https://www.mit.edu/people/dpolicar/writing/prose/text/think...
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | > How can you trust something when anyone can edit a page? But
         | again, the power of quantity--thousands or millions of eyeballs
         | identifying errors--swamped any simple attacks.
         | 
         | Sure, but now the established power users are free to insert
         | more subtle attacks. The https://xkcd.com/978/ problem never
         | stopped and the "reliable sources" consideration process allows
         | for considerable political bias.
        
       | phamson02 wrote:
       | I partly share the author's point that ChatGPT users (myself
       | included) can "walk away not just misinformed, but misinformed
       | with conviction". Sometimes I want to criticise aloud, write a
       | post blaming this technology for those colourful, sophisticated,
       | yet empty bullshits I hear from a colleague or read in an online
       | post.
       | 
       | But I always resist the urge. Because I think: Isn't it always
       | going to have some kinds of people like that? With or without
       | this LLM thing.
       | 
       | If there is anything to hate about this technology, for the more
       | and more bullshits we see/hear in daily life, it is: (1) Its
       | reach: More people of all ages, of different backgrounds,
       | expertise, and intents are using it. Some are heavily misusing
       | it. (2) Its (ever increasing) capability: Yes, it has already
       | become pretty easy for ChatGPT or any other LLMs to produce a
       | sophisticated but wrong answer on a difficult topic. And I think
       | the trend is that with later, more advanced versions, it would
       | become harder and take more effort to spot a hidden failure
       | lurking in a more information-dense LLM's answer.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | My opinion: if LLM's speed you up, you're doing it wrong. You
       | have to carefully review and audit every line that comes out of
       | an LLM. You have to spend a lot of time forcing LLM's to prove
       | that the code it wrote is correct. You should be nit-picking
       | everything.
       | 
       | Despite, LLM's are useful. I could write the code faster without
       | an LLM, but then I'd have code that wasn't carefully reviewed
       | line-by-line because my coworkers trust me (the fools). It'd have
       | far fewer tests because nobody forced me to prove everything.
       | It'd have worse naming because every once in a while the LLM does
       | that better than me. It'll be missing a few edge cases the LLM
       | thought of that I didn't. It'd have forest/trees problems because
       | if I was writing the code I'd be focused on the code instead of
       | the big picture.
        
         | nzach wrote:
         | > You have to carefully review and audit every line that comes
         | out of an LLM. You have to spend a lot of time forcing LLM's to
         | prove that the code it wrote is correct. You should be nit-
         | picking everything.
         | 
         | I'm not sure this statement is true most of the time. This kind
         | of reasoning reminds me of the discussion around 'code
         | correctness'. In my opinion there are very few instances where
         | correctness is really important. Most of the time you just need
         | something that works well enough.
         | 
         | Imagine you have a continuous numeric scale that goes from
         | 'never works' to '100% formal proofs' to indicate the
         | correctness of every piece of software. Pushing your code to
         | the '100% formal proofs' side takes a lot of resources, that
         | could be deployed on other places.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | At least for us, every bug that makes it into a release that
           | gets installed on a client computer costs us 100x - 1000x as
           | much as a bug that gets caught earlier.
        
             | Kiro wrote:
             | Most code is not critical like that. A lot of the stuff I
             | write has very little impact if things go wrong and it's
             | easy to tell if it's incorrect.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | As long as you have some mechanism to catch the issues
               | before it hits customers. Too many software companies are
               | OK shoveling crap on customers because it's easy to fix
               | it in the field. Yes, it's easy to fix in the field,
               | after you've inconvenienced and wasted the time of
               | thousands of customers.
        
             | Schiendelman wrote:
             | Cost to fix, yes.
             | 
             | Sometimes getting the new capability around that bug to
             | market faster is worth the tradeoff, because the revenue or
             | market position from the capability with that bug is way
             | more important to the business than the 1000x cost of the
             | fix after distribution.
        
         | Foobar8568 wrote:
         | I start feeling that LLM are hallucinating less than people, no
         | matter the fields, I am at the stage where I trust more code
         | written by an LLM than by a person.
         | 
         | Typically, for the last 2 years, I don't feel that anyone can
         | or bother to read anymore.
        
       | pants2 wrote:
       | I've seen this! Following some Math and Physics subreddits it's a
       | regular occurrence for a new submitter to come in and post some
       | 40 pages of incomprehensible bullshit and claim that they
       | developed a unifying theory of physics with ChatGPT and that
       | ChatGPT has told them it's a breakthrough in the field. Of course
       | that used to happen regularly before LLMs but not nearly as
       | often.
        
         | turtletontine wrote:
         | Including the former CEO of Uber. I'm somewhat curious what
         | these people even think they've discovered, what outstanding
         | problem they think they've actually solved... but I'm not
         | curious enough to actually dig through their slop.
         | 
         | https://gizmodo.com/billionaires-convince-themselves-ai-is-c...
        
       | simianwords wrote:
       | >How often do you think a ChatGPT user walks away not just
       | misinformed, but misinformed with conviction? I would bet this
       | happens all the time. And I can't help but wonder what the
       | effects are in the big picture.
       | 
       | this is so wrong! i simply can't get ChatGPT to admit something
       | clearly wrong. it can play both sides and gives nuance which is
       | exactly what i expect. but it is so un-sycopanthic that it won't
       | leave you feeling like you are right. any examples of it doing so
       | are welcome! show me examples where it takes a clearly wrong or
       | false idea and makes it look as if it is a good idea (unless you
       | specifically ask it to do it).
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | Freely available online information is very often educationally
       | incredibly shallow and commonly oversimplified to the point of
       | being wrong. So of course an agent trained on it would be, too.
        
       | zkmon wrote:
       | >> How often do you think a ChatGPT user walks away not just
       | misinformed, but misinformed with conviction? I would bet this
       | happens all the time.
       | 
       | Why is the "Dunning-Kruger" is not mentioned anywhere in the
       | article body while is gloriously visible in the title? By the
       | way, AI is not wrong "all the time".
        
         | rwolf wrote:
         | "all the time" in this context means frequently, not
         | constantly, and is usually understood as a global rate.
         | 
         | for example: people fall in love all the time.
        
           | zkmon wrote:
           | I don't think you get "frequently" misinformed by ChatGPT.
           | What kind of prompts you are using, that make ChatGPT to give
           | false info very often?
        
             | yannyu wrote:
             | It's remarkably easy to get ChatGPT to hallucinate. A go-to
             | for me is to ask it about factual things as compared to
             | other factual things. The description of the Bluey episode
             | is wrong in nearly every possible way. Additionally, the
             | response continues on analyzing in multiple ways, and again
             | continues to get the fundamental facts and therefore the
             | analysis wrong.
             | 
             | Prompt: Compare the Space episode of Bluey to Interstellar
             | 
             | Response: That's a really fun and surprisingly fitting
             | comparison! Let's break down how Bluey's "Space" episode
             | parallels Christopher Nolan's Interstellar -- both
             | emotionally and thematically -- even though one is a
             | 7-minute preschool cartoon and the other a 3-hour sci-fi
             | epic.
             | 
             | 1. Core Theme: Love Across Distance
             | 
             | Interstellar: The film centers on a father (Cooper) who
             | leaves his daughter (Murph) to save humanity, exploring how
             | love transcends time and space -- literally. The emotional
             | heart of Interstellar is the bond between parent and child
             | that endures despite impossible separation.
             | 
             | Bluey: "Space" In this episode, Bluey, Bingo, and their dad
             | (Bandit) play an imaginative game where they're astronauts
             | who have to separate to save their mission. The moment
             | Bluey and Bandit must say goodbye echoes that same
             | emotional tension -- the pain of letting go but also the
             | love that motivates sacrifice.
             | 
             | Parallel: Both stories use the setting of outer space as a
             | metaphor for emotional distance -- how people we love can
             | feel far away, and how connection can bridge that gap.
        
               | zkmon wrote:
               | You have rolled on from "all the time" to "frequently" to
               | "remarkably easy". They all do not mean the same.
        
       | resters wrote:
       | they do not have to be. People who seek an idea bubble end up
       | finding one.
        
       | vanillax wrote:
       | I'll take big - enterprise AI written code, over offshore any day
       | of the week. I for one welcome AI for this exact use case.
        
       | djoldman wrote:
       | Just a reminder that the "Dunning-Kruger effect" is probably not
       | real [0].
       | 
       | It makes sense to refer to it as a concept but it's probably not
       | an appropriate assumption to make about people.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-
       | thinking/dunning-...
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | This seems to move the idea that you might not understand how
         | skilled you are to some kind of law that ties humility to
         | knowledge more strictly.
         | 
         | Maybe this is my misunderstanding but I don't think the common
         | invocation really took it as a law that the unknowledgeable
         | always think their skills are higher.
        
       | nis0s wrote:
       | There's a gap that LLMs are trying to fill in such cases, which
       | is that there's too much information that we can possibly hope to
       | make sense of in a lifetime. Just as it's possible to compute
       | something incorrectly with a calculator, you can definitely be
       | led astray by an LLM, which is why I am surprised that people
       | think these models are good enough to replace humans at work. The
       | only thing which makes sense is to both raise the bar for
       | publishing, and to only take published works seriously. If
       | something isn't published, then authors should provide code to
       | demonstrate the effect they're describing.
        
         | thewebguyd wrote:
         | > which is why I am surprised that people think these models
         | are good enough to replace humans at work.
         | 
         | There are a lot of office jobs that I'd fit into the category
         | of "bullshit jobs." They may serve some purpose in the huge
         | bureaucracy of enterprises but the day to day ultimately boils
         | doing to managing someone's calendar and sending emails.
         | 
         | Quite a few people at my work have now started using Copilot
         | for their emails. It's obviously AI (at least to me), and yet,
         | the content and formatting are an improvement over what they
         | were sending before.
         | 
         | So much of the marketing hype on LLMs is about how it'll
         | replace all the engineering work (the MBA's wet dream, to
         | replace all the expensive labor). In reality, I think its more
         | capable at replacing non-tech labor and middle management.
         | 
         | An LLM can send out an email to the team and analyze a project
         | check-in faster, and better, than some overpaid middle manager
         | can. I have no doubts an LLM could probably serve the role of a
         | project management office, or a business analyst.
         | 
         | Sure, there should still be a human in the loop for now, but
         | you need far, far less humans in those roles than previously.
        
           | nis0s wrote:
           | I go back and forth on the idea that some jobs are bullshit,
           | maybe I haven't been exposed to enough industries or work
           | places. Every place I worked definitely didn't have bullshit
           | jobs to hand out as adult daycare, but I can see how some
           | places can become bloated because an over ambitious middle
           | manager wants to say they manage X number of people on their
           | resume. So there are bullshit jobs in that there are people
           | who aren't being utilized correctly, so in that case I'd say
           | they're no bullshit jobs, just bullshit leadership or
           | managers.
        
             | thewebguyd wrote:
             | Yeah, I agree with that, and a more accurate description
             | than mine.
             | 
             | The people in those roles are being mismanaged/misutilized
             | rather than the job itself being bullshit.
             | 
             | I've seen the bloating first hand though, and you're right,
             | that's usually what leads to those jobs. Some department
             | over hires to pad the resume of some middle manager, and
             | now you have a team that's severely over staffed to the
             | point each individual contributor has maybe 2 to 3 hours of
             | actual work to do in a day.
        
         | Foobar8568 wrote:
         | Spend half a day with me, and you'll understand why LLM can
         | replace most people in a company.
        
       | gowld wrote:
       | I recently asked a leading GenAI chatbot to help me understand a
       | certain physics concept. As I pressed it on the aspect I was
       | confused about, the bot repeatedly explained, and in our
       | discussion, consistently held firm that I was misunderstanding
       | something, and made guesses about what I was misunderstanding.
       | Eventually I realized and stated my mistake, and the chatbot
       | confirmed and explained the difference between my wrong version
       | and the truth. I looked at some sources and confirmed that the
       | bot was right, and I had misremembered something.
       | 
       | I was quite impressed that it didn't "give in" and validate my
       | wrong idea.
        
         | hathawsh wrote:
         | I've seen similar results in physics. I suspect LLMs are
         | capable of redirecting the user accurately when there have been
         | long discussions on the web about that topic. When an LLM can
         | pattern-match on whole discussions, it becomes a next-level
         | search engine.
         | 
         | Next, I hope we can somehow get LLMs to distinguish between
         | reliable and less-reliable results.
        
       | littlestymaar wrote:
       | Found somewhere on the internet a few days ago: LLMs are Dunning-
       | Kruger as a service.
       | 
       | Edit: it was https://christianheilmann.com/2025/10/30/ai-is-
       | dunning-kruge...
        
       | AaronAPU wrote:
       | LLMs basically act as defense attorneys for all your dumbest
       | ideas. It is very easy to assume their confidence in you is
       | justified, especially if you already lean narcissistic.
       | 
       | You now see threads on X of famous people using Grok to explain
       | how smart their ideas are. But there's a problem: You can
       | literally get it to do that with every single dumb idea.
        
       | pklausler wrote:
       | LLMs, kind of like Bill Bryson's books, are great at presenting
       | "information" that seems completely plausible, authoritative, and
       | convincing to the reader. But when you actually do know the truth
       | about a subject, you realize how completely full of crap they too
       | often are. And somehow after being given a patently
       | counterfactual response to one query, we just blindly continue to
       | take their responses to other queries as having value.
        
         | niccl wrote:
         | > But when you actually do know the truth about a subject, you
         | realize how completely full of crap they too often are
         | 
         | The Gell-Mann Amnesia Effect
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_amnesia_effect
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | Similar to (same as?) Gell-Mann amnesia effect.
        
         | obelos wrote:
         | I've most frequently heard this referred to as "Gell-Mann
         | Amnesia," and yes, LLMs are fertile ground to find it.
        
         | rockostrich wrote:
         | At the moment, I find them to be the perfect tool to get
         | started with learning about something. I don't expect it to
         | tell me everything I need to know or to even be right, but if I
         | ask ChatGPT or another LLM a question about a subject I'm not
         | familiar with then it will at least use a bunch of terminology
         | that I didn't have in my vocabulary before starting.
         | 
         | For example, I just bought a 1990 Miata and I want to install a
         | couple of rocker switches in the dash to individually control
         | the pop-up headlights. I have enough circuits knowledge to
         | safely change outlets and light switches, but I didn't know
         | about relays. I asked ChatGPT how to add these switches and it
         | immediately mentioned buying DPDT switches and tying in the OEM
         | relay into a SPDT relay. It may have gotten the actual circuit
         | diagram completely wrong, but now I know exactly what to read
         | up on.
        
           | kaydub wrote:
           | Yeah, it's definitely been terrific for figuring out
           | terminology or "the right word" to use for things.
        
             | knownjorbist wrote:
             | Or to put it another way, it's great at filling in the
             | "don't know what you don't know" gap.
        
           | brewtide wrote:
           | Completely not related to any LLM usage, but welcome to the
           | world of NA Miata ownership! I think you'll find that with
           | just general maintenance it'll treat you very well -- My '91
           | is the most reliable car in the drive, and by far the most
           | whimsical. (I just got back from a Miata errand trip in the
           | pouring rain -- Why did I drive the Miata? Winter is very
           | soon, and it gets put away for ~3 ish months -- so at this
           | time of year, every possible trip is a miata trip!)
        
             | a_t48 wrote:
             | This weekend I stumbled upon a cars and coffee in Fremont.
             | Was expecting a wide variety of cars, and was surprised to
             | see instead all Miatas.
        
             | rockostrich wrote:
             | Thanks! I've been looking for a while but couldn't find one
             | that was in decent shape for less than $10k. Thankfully for
             | some reason people shy away from RHD cars and I snagged a
             | 1990 Eunos Roadster for $7700 on C&B. I'm in NJ and sadly
             | it seems like that week was the last week that would've
             | been a decent week to drive with the top down. I may still
             | try and take it out but I'm definitely going to be bundled
             | up.
        
           | goalieca wrote:
           | Now let me ask you the more fundamental question.. did this
           | do you any better than if you had searched a youtube video or
           | some other source? Would this be video from 2016 be relevant?
           | This may not be the right video but my approach for DIY in
           | the last 10-20 years was to hit youtube up.
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77q9KtjnNTU
           | 
           | I'm trying to gauge whether LLMs are truly expanding our
           | capabilities in a fundamental way or are really just another
           | way to search for answers without going to google or a
           | library.
        
             | marknutter wrote:
             | For obscure things, it's often very hard to find videos
             | like that, and the videos vary greatly in quality. ChatGPT
             | helped me fix my washing machine and my dryer yesterday
             | with perfect advice, walking me through every step. Those
             | are both projects I would've made a half assed attempt at
             | and then thrown my hands up and called someone to do in the
             | past.
        
               | izzydata wrote:
               | I wonder if that can be attributed to search engines and
               | search fields on various websites being intentionally
               | worsened in order to push specific content and ads.
               | 
               | Google search and Youtube search used to almost always
               | get you what you were looking for. Now you have to fight
               | with it to maybe get what you are looking for because of
               | all the sponsored ads.
               | 
               | Search used to be a nearly solved problem.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | They're a slightly better search, because web search has
             | degraded. They also provide needed vocabulary almost
             | directly, which accelerates search.
             | 
             | I would say, for big decisions (financial, work projects,
             | health, etc), you really need the sources and you need to
             | double check things, but I would say that maybe 70% of my
             | searches are closer to trivia than to life changing things,
             | so LLMs are obviously very good for that. And frequently
             | the stuff I search is trivially verifiable, so that's also
             | good.
             | 
             | The bigger worry is that the general public doesn't have
             | the mental immune system to actually know what to look for
             | and especially to validate the LLM answers, so we're in for
             | a world of hurt.
             | 
             | We will soon have some extremely brainwashed individuals.
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | One challenging thing about searching in new domains is you
             | don't necessarily have the vocabulary to adequately ask the
             | right question or use the right terms to unlock the secret
             | knowledge. If I type my dryer symptoms into an LLM and it
             | tells me that the drum rollers are likely bad and need to
             | be replaced, I can take that information to Youtube or
             | Google and get more targeted advice. The LLM can also, and
             | often does ask leading questions to help narrow down the
             | list of possible options.
        
             | rockostrich wrote:
             | > did this do you any better than if you had searched a
             | youtube video or some other source?
             | 
             | Yes, because when I searched youtube for "miata wink mod"
             | almost all of the results were for kits for
             | microcontrollers which I wanted to avoid because I just
             | want to control the motors with switches. Now I know to
             | include "SPDT" in my search and I can find more targeted
             | videos that add an override using switches.
             | 
             | The video you linked is relevant but doesn't really match
             | what I want to do. The NA Miata has a motor for each pop-up
             | headlight. There's a dedicated button that controls the
             | headlights popping up and down but the light switch on the
             | turn signal overrides this if the lights are on i.e. the
             | relay is DPDT that's an OR of the 2 signals.
             | 
             | I want to add rocker switch for each light where the signal
             | from the rocker switch overrides the behavior from the
             | existing relay. If a given DPDT rocker switch is in neutral
             | then the signal from the relay is used but if the rocker
             | switch is engaged in either direction then the motor moves
             | in that direction. ChatGPT did explain a lot about the
             | default behavior and included a lot of the terminology that
             | helped me confirm that. Of course, if I already knew about
             | relays then I wouldn't have needed any of this, but I
             | didn't.
        
             | ordu wrote:
             | _> did this do you any better than if you had searched a
             | youtube video or some other source?_
             | 
             | Yes. With LLM it is easy to explore the domain from ground
             | up, and it is _interactive_. You don 't wait for some
             | random guy in a video to come to a point, you are asking
             | questions, consuming the information at your speed.
             | 
             | When I do this, I switch constantly between a search engine
             | and LLM. I copy words of LLM into search box, and asking
             | LLM questions about things I've found. It is the way to
             | explore things. Search engines alone are not. Not anymore.
             | At least you need to ask LLM for some starting points,
             | because when you search google, you get results that are
             | LLM slop. The same thing you can get from LLM, but not
             | interactive, so it can go and go for multiple screens of a
             | wall of a text, while delivering exactly zero useful
             | information.
             | 
             |  _> I 'm trying to gauge whether LLMs are truly expanding
             | our capabilities in a fundamental way or are really just
             | another way to search for answers without going to google
             | or a library._
             | 
             | They just another way to search. And you should strike
             | Google, it doesn't work anymore. 15 years ago google was
             | good enough, but now it is useless.
        
             | chipsrafferty wrote:
             | Search hasn't worked for years now.
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | > like Bill Bryson's books, are great at presenting
         | "information" that seems completely plausible, authoritative,
         | and convincing to the reader. But when you actually do know the
         | truth about a subject, you realize how completely full of crap
         | 
         | Wow, I have a couple Bill Bryson books on my reading list, can
         | you share some examples of that?
        
           | cynicalkane wrote:
           | I read this good breakdown on 'The Mother Tongue' on
           | everything2 sometime ago: https://everything2.com/title/The+M
           | other+Tongue%253A+English...
        
             | dcminter wrote:
             | Hmm. Why should I take this critique as being any more
             | accurate than Bryson, given that the writer says in so many
             | words:
             | 
             |  _" [...] I - someone who's far from an expert at
             | linguistics [...]"_
             | 
             | The rather sniffy observation about Wikipedia falls very
             | flat as the book was written 10 years before Wikipedia
             | existed!
             | 
             | In fact Bryson wrote his book a good 20 years earlier than
             | this critique so perhaps this huffy person has resources to
             | draw upon that were not available in 1990.
             | 
             | Not that I really expect Bryson's stuff to dot every i and
             | cross every t - he's a humourist.
        
               | onraglanroad wrote:
               | > Why should I take this critique as being any more
               | accurate than Bryson
               | 
               | Because you have access to various dictionaries and can
               | easily verify it for yourself?
               | 
               | Assuming the quotes from the book are accurate, that's
               | really poor.
        
               | adammarples wrote:
               | The writer doesn't claim that Bryson should have
               | consulted Wikipedia, more that the myth that eskimos have
               | 500 words for snow is so famous that the myth itself has
               | a Wikipedia page dedicated to it. The discussion had been
               | going on a long time when Bryson wrote this book, and I
               | remember well being told this as a child in the 80's. To
               | present what was either known as an urban myth or at
               | least under a more nuanced discussion (they do, but it's
               | due to how root words are easier to pluralise, not snow
               | per se) is pretty lazy in a non-fiction book.
        
           | lexicality wrote:
           | Honestly I wouldn't worry about it. He's a wonderful writer,
           | the problem is that he doesn't let reality get in the way of
           | a good story. Just classify them with the rest of the
           | fiction-non-fiction books and enjoy the journey. If you ever
           | find yourself asking "wow is that true?" then it probably
           | isn't.
        
         | jb1991 wrote:
         | I think it is truly hilarious that you brought Bill Bryson into
         | this discussion.
        
         | Panoramix wrote:
         | I don't quite disagree but this comparison is typically unfair,
         | because when you really know about a subject you tend to ask
         | way more difficult questions than about other subjects, so of
         | course the LLMs are gonna struggle more. If you ask really
         | basic questions they will regurgitate well known bachelor-level
         | knowledge and look good. What do I know about biology anyway?
         | about silos for grain storage? any passable answer is enough to
         | wow me on those topics. But on the topics I really know about,
         | I never ask the basics.
        
           | pklausler wrote:
           | It's a valuable but scary experiment to query an LLM on basic
           | subject matter in a field that you know a lot about. Ask
           | those basic questions first.
        
         | beng-nl wrote:
         | geLLMan amnesia
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | Can you give me examples of topics that you know about that
         | LLMs don't know about?
        
         | austin-cheney wrote:
         | I read your comment and just see the typical web developer.
         | 
         | I can't count how many times developers have tried to school me
         | with their expert wisdom. It's typically garbage, complete
         | Dunning-Kruger. The causes are two-fold.
         | 
         | On one hand most of these people's capabilities are an inch
         | wide. Maybe they are really good about JSX, but you take that
         | away and wisdom becomes empty hostility. I don't want anything
         | to do with JSX or React, so it that's all you got you are
         | probably just blowing smoke.
         | 
         | The other cause is no experience at all. For example somebody
         | might think they are super knowledgeable on WebSockets because
         | they used a package off NPM. They have no idea how it really
         | works, can't understand RFC6455 even with Cliff Notes, and
         | can't write original code.
         | 
         | If you want to be an expert at least start with your own
         | implementation of the thing you want to be an expert about, but
         | most of the people doing that work can't program.
         | 
         | I can't help but wonder if the DK coming out of LLMs is really
         | any worse.
        
         | shagie wrote:
         | I was curious about exploring the motivations of a character
         | (specifically Linter in The State of the Art) and asked a
         | question to start off with (and bring existing understanding
         | into the context) with another character (Diziet Sma)... and
         | ChatGPT got things wrong...
         | 
         | The chat is
         | https://chatgpt.com/share/691266fa-c76c-8011-876c-027206abd2...
         | if one is curious. I continued a bit to see what else it got
         | right and wrong.
         | 
         | The thing is if you don't know the story or the books
         | mentioned... it's perfectly plausible that what was written is
         | correct. And while a good bit of it is... maybe; that it got
         | material facts wrong makes it "if it's working from that, then
         | nothing it produces is based on the correct information."
         | 
         | I've known that ChatGPT is full of crap (and experienced in
         | other chats).
         | 
         | It can be a good tool to augment some capacities - but the
         | exploration of ideas based on facts and reality are often (at
         | best) flawed and if one is to try to build upon those flaws and
         | add in one's own misconceptions, then its output is even more
         | questionable.
        
         | hyperbolablabla wrote:
         | Indeed, a couple years ago I tried to use chatgpt to clarify
         | some confusing parts of geometric algebra to me, and it
         | confidently told me completely useless information which I had
         | to blindly trust. Fast forward a couple years, I've read more
         | on the subject from trusted sources, and realised everything it
         | was telling me was pure BS.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I find the biggest crime with LLMs to be the size of the problems
       | we feed them.
       | 
       | Every time I start getting lazy and asking ChatGPT things like
       | "write me a singleton that tracks progression for XYZ in a unity
       | project", I wind up with a big hole where some deeper
       | understanding of my problem should be. A better approach is to
       | prompt it like "Show me a few ways to persist progression-like
       | data in a unity project. Compare and contrast them".
       | 
       | Having an LLM development policy where you ~blindly accept a
       | solution simply because it works is like an HOV lane to hell. It
       | is very tempting to do this when you are tired or in a rush. I do
       | it all the time.
        
       | cluoma wrote:
       | I used to get this same feeling during lectures in uni. Often the
       | information was presented well and, along with some clear
       | examples, everything seemed to make perfect sense.
       | 
       | It wasn't until working through practice problems later, on my
       | own, did it become clear how much detail I was missing.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | > It wasn't until working through practice problems later, on
         | my own, did it become clear how much detail I was missing.
         | 
         | This is a common problem in learning. Recognition is easier
         | than recall and smoothness is confused for understanding.
         | 
         | You actually need to struggle with the concepts a bit to learn
         | effectively. Without the struggle it _feels_ more effective,
         | but is not.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | Detail missing and being a confidently wrong are two different
         | things though ?
         | 
         | Edit: Claude told me the other day told me my entire building
         | might have to be demolished due to a slightly bow in my newly
         | poured stem wall, I uploaded a photo etc and it was liked, "yes
         | this is a serious structural issue blah blah blah" , the
         | inspector came to look at it and literally laughed that I was
         | worried about it.
        
         | elgenie wrote:
         | Now consider what's happening to the learning process of the
         | (rather large) subset of current college students choosing to
         | replace that struggle for detailed understanding with LLM
         | queries.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | It's the biggest crisis since math students started using
           | graphing calculators.
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | LLMs are just graphing calculators for the humanities.
        
         | michaelbuckbee wrote:
         | I've heard experts comment on this from the other side, that
         | they'll give a quick layperson's soundbite about their subject
         | of expertise that doesn't defensibly lay out all the possible
         | exceptions and edge cases and weirdness for reasons of time and
         | audience interest and then they'll be inundated with comments
         | calling them a liar and accused of falsifying things or not
         | actually understanding the subject.
        
         | avs733 wrote:
         | you are not the only one. There was a paper covering this exact
         | topic in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences a
         | few years back [0].
         | 
         | Passive learning (lecture) scored better on:
         | 
         | * Student Enjoyment
         | 
         | * Feeling of Learning
         | 
         | * Instructor effectiveness
         | 
         | * I wish all my courses where taught this way
         | 
         | Active Learning (i.e., not lecture) scored better on:
         | 
         | * Actual learning
         | 
         | The differences are not small.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1821936116
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | I'm pretty well "on the spectrum" and people glazing me in real
       | life produce suspicion and discomfort rather than any good
       | feelings.
       | 
       | I don't have a problem just ignoring all the LLM glazing,
       | although I'd really like the ability to turn it off.
       | 
       | The fact that they've all been trained to do it, because so many
       | of the "normies" fall for it, is kind of an indictment in my
       | eyes. Bit of a mirror held up to society.
       | 
       | You should probably be worried about how fake flattery works so
       | well in society, and how this enables sociopaths and narcissists
       | to flourish and control everything.
       | 
       | This LLM problem is just a symptom.
        
       | jumploops wrote:
       | I recall trying to use GPT-4 to plan a trip through the PNW in
       | ~Spring of 2023.
       | 
       | It presented a reasonable agenda, however 80% of the rockhounding
       | spots were completely made up!
       | 
       | Over time, and as LLMs have gotten less sycophantic, I've found
       | myself trusting them a bit more (a dangerous and slippery slope).
       | 
       | With that said, GPT-4o in particular, seemed to rank user
       | satisfaction above truth.
       | 
       | I've found that GPT-5 Pro is currently the best at pushing back
       | against silly ideas, and does a decent job of informing me that
       | my questions could be better (:
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | As always, trust, but verify! Google maps lists "made up"
         | places or outdated info. AI isn't scouting these locations
         | physically...
         | 
         | Of course, at that point, the real question is, what's the
         | value difference (taking into account personal, external and
         | social costs) between asking chatgpt and /r/rockhounding (or
         | whatever message boards they frequent)? At least if you start a
         | thread on reddit, you might meet other people in the area with
         | the same hobby, find a spot no one's talked about yet, get
         | expert context and leave a trail for others to find.
        
       | mattcantstop wrote:
       | I think this is true. It can super charge some bad takes.
       | 
       | But I've had the opposite experience. The average person is never
       | going to read a scientific study, nor invest the time to find out
       | the real details of any topic they are opinionated about other
       | than simply typing a Youtube search and finding a video that is:
       | 
       | - Entertaining - The person has their same biases - the present
       | the information in a short, consumable manner that doesn't
       | require much investment.
       | 
       | In comparison to this dynamic LLMs are wonderful. They can
       | reference scientific data. I have noticed that they do push back
       | on bad takes (very gently) and steer people towards truth.
       | 
       | It's not that I think LLMs are perfect. They are not. But they
       | are infinitely better than the average human at discovering
       | truth.
        
       | ksynwa wrote:
       | I wonder if LLMs need to be this way owing to the role of pseudo-
       | intelligent conversation partners they've been shoehorned into or
       | if it's a deliberate choice of the vendors.
        
       | just-another-se wrote:
       | been thinking about this for a while - how will society progress
       | when everyone has their own version of "yes man" confirming
       | everything they think of?
        
         | PeaceTed wrote:
         | This is a problem if 'everybody' is using it but I suspect
         | there will be a few groups. It will be a 'tortoise and the
         | hare' situation.
         | 
         | The LLM folks (the hare) will get the initial upper hand as it
         | appears as though they are moving far faster than others but
         | with limited or wrong actual results. This could change if we
         | can solve the hallucination issue. Yes, they are in personal
         | echo chambers but that can only get you so far when you hit the
         | real world. It will be painful and messy but it will resolve
         | long term. Worse case we end up with a Dune "do not make
         | machines that think like a person".
         | 
         | The slow group (tortoise) are those that do not actively
         | engadge in these things. Yes, this trying to keep up but using
         | much slower mental faculties. I suspect long term they will do
         | better as the fast group fail to deliver. Again if we do not
         | solve issues of LLMs which is not certain.
         | 
         | So long as there is still the slow group, we probably would not
         | go down the dark path of individual echo chambers. Long term,
         | eventually if you trip over the same mental stumbling block,
         | you learn to not do that any more.
        
       | Dilettante_ wrote:
       | How is "don't use LLMs as a source of truth" still news today?
       | The machine does work, it doesn't know anything. Let the sucker
       | fetch websites and write code.
        
       | habibur wrote:
       | I think it's ok. When wikipedia arrived, everyone was up in arms
       | that people are learning from something that's open for anyone to
       | edit.
       | 
       | But it rectified itself.
       | 
       | The same thing happened when Internet arrived. "Don't believe
       | anything you read on the Internet."
       | 
       | I guess the reaction was same when printed media arrived.
       | 
       | But the thing is, things get better over time.
        
         | radarsat1 wrote:
         | Ah so nothing bad happening anymore due to people believing
         | what they read on the internet, huh? Interesting take.
        
         | Capricorn2481 wrote:
         | Here's a thought - improving AI is a completely different ball
         | game.
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | > But it rectified itself.
         | 
         | Or did it?
        
         | dr_hooo wrote:
         | > The same thing happened when Internet arrived. "Don't believe
         | anything you read on the Internet."
         | 
         | Isn't the saying "Don't believe *everything* you read on the
         | Internet."? Which is quite different (and still holds today).
        
       | galaxyLogic wrote:
       | > LLMs should not be seen as knowledge engines but as confidence
       | engines.
       | 
       | The thing I like best about LLM is when I ask question about some
       | technical problem, and it tells that it is a KNOWN problem. It
       | thus gives me confiidence that I don't need to spend time) to
       | look for solution where there is no good soloution. Just go
       | around it somehow. It let's me know I'm not the only person with
       | this problem. And that way it gives me confidence that I'm not
       | stupid, the problem is a real problem.
       | 
       | As an example I was working with WebStorm and tried to find a way
       | to make the Threads-tab the default tab shown when debugger
       | opens. AI told me there is no way it knows about. Good, problem
       | solved, solved by finding out there is no solution.
        
         | adamhartenz wrote:
         | This is the kind of stuff AI lies about all the time. I can get
         | it to tell me "That is some good insight, and is a known
         | issue..." with things I make up out of thin air.
        
       | inshard wrote:
       | The author misses the science of emergence. Reductionist views
       | can't fully explain macro-level capabilities that arise in these
       | systems. Something emerges at higher scales from the possibility
       | space as model sizes grow; they stop being mere "stochastic
       | parrots" or black boxes running simple regressions.
       | 
       | The weights develop their own inherent logic based on how they
       | relate to each other, analogous to how brain waves encode memory
       | at a level higher than individual neuron networks.
       | 
       | Ultimately, the value of AI lies in the imagination of its
       | wielder. The Unknown Unknowns framework is a useful tool for
       | navigating AI effectively (it powerful to help elaborate on Known
       | Unknowns and identify Unknown Unknowns), along with a healthy
       | dose of critical thinking and understanding how reinforcement
       | learning and RLHF work post-pretraining.
        
       | flashfaffe2 wrote:
       | Without being to self-centred here but since I have been using
       | LLM heavily I have always challenged the results given
       | 
       | The post seems to propose the following vector:
       | 
       | Idea-> LLm validation -> confidence -> no further checks
       | 
       | My process is more :
       | 
       | Idea-> LLm response -> skeptical reflection -> adversarial
       | prompting -> synthesis
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | I quite regularly ask LLMs to take the other side of an argument,
       | or to tell me where something is wrong.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, they don't seem very good at this process, and in
       | some ways seem to defend the previous position.
       | 
       | Does anyone else take this approach and have success with it?
        
       | fennec-posix wrote:
       | This article also touches on why LLMs can be so dangerous for
       | those who are going through a psychotic episode, it will hit you
       | with the "That's a great idea", "You're correct", etc. Which will
       | just further play into someone's delusions, to a point it's
       | directly down a statistical well telling the person what they
       | want to hear. Sadly this has ended in tragedy more than a few
       | times.
        
       | vahid4m wrote:
       | I really like to know if other stuff that make things easy would
       | have felt the same to fols who have been doing computer
       | programming for the past 30 years if they were presented to them
       | with a similar speed.
        
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