[HN Gopher] Ticker: Don't die of heart disease
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ticker: Don't die of heart disease
        
       Author : colelyman
       Score  : 313 points
       Date   : 2025-11-08 14:59 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (myticker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (myticker.com)
        
       | qgin wrote:
       | I love this sort of documentation-style guide to medical issues.
       | Reminds me of https://www.fourmilab.ch/hackdiet/e4/
        
       | camel_gopher wrote:
       | Tl;dr be affluent enough to be able to afford great medical care
       | and have enough free time for preventative actions
        
         | hshdhdhehd wrote:
         | I think the point is it is cheap to prevent. The weird tip is
         | doing a different test to the standard one, which costs little
         | for typical HNers (but admit every $ counts for many people
         | esp. with current inflation, poverty, bad governance) but
         | sounds like on par with a dentist doing anything beyond a
         | checkup.
        
           | lisbbb wrote:
           | A colleague of mine was a vegan, took care of himself, still
           | died of pancreatic cancer. It is what it is.
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | Walking and eating sensibly is free. Even a balance oatmeal,
         | rice & beans with infrequent meat servings would defend against
         | heart disease better than expensive medicine, at less than $1 /
         | day.
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | And not smoking or drinking saves you money!
        
             | gdulli wrote:
             | Yes, our system is most definitely stacked against the
             | poor, but it's important to also remember that we all have
             | free will and that some choices fully within our power are
             | much better than others.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | nicotine is likely one of the best appetite-control ,
             | cognative-enhancing and anti-anxiety medications ever known
             | to man. A large driver of obesity , anxiety and
             | psychotropic abuse was smoking cessation.
             | 
             | Giving out nicotine gum , would decimate the drugs
             | industry, but likely resolve a lot of our chronic health
             | and depression issues.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | tonymet says _> nicotine is likely one of the best
               | appetite-control , cognative-enhancing and anti-anxiety
               | medications ever known to man.<_
               | 
               | Is this not under-reported? I have known several people
               | for whom smoking appears to be truly necessary. One said
               | he was prescribed smoking to control his "shakes".
        
               | 64718283661 wrote:
               | I've actually considered taking nicotine for these
               | reasons. But I don't because it appears you build
               | tolerance very quickly.
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | i know a number of people with moderate ADHD who use it
               | instead of Adderall.
        
           | yinser wrote:
           | Promoting good habits is good but this is health advice from
           | an unlicensed commenter to say rice and beans is better than
           | taking a statin. Consult your doctor if you're curious what
           | to do.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | It's safer than taking unlicensed tech advice from an
             | Internet forum
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Lentils/legumes are cheap. There is probably no better bang
           | for the buck. Yogurt is also cheap.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | Agree. All the best foods are cheap. It's a myth that
             | healthy food is expensive. Most of the produce isle is
             | decorative.
        
             | giardini wrote:
             | Funny you should use the word "bang". My last experiment
             | with lentils years ago began one evening with 3 excellent
             | bowls of very tasty lentil soup and ended slowly with 2
             | days' worth of "bangs", quickly followed by ostracism by my
             | house buddies. So bad!
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | lol, you probably just need time for your gut bacteria to
               | adjust. My family makes lentils for at least one meal
               | almost every day.
        
         | adi4213 wrote:
         | You should try www.betterbrain.com/insurance! It covers this
         | set of bloodwork and 92% of covered patients pay $0
        
         | evantbyrne wrote:
         | 90 day supply of Atorvastatin costs $10. Running costs a pair
         | of shoes.
        
           | camel_gopher wrote:
           | You have to be able to get the prescription. HMOs (Kaiser
           | specifically) will generally not provide any sort of
           | preventative care in this area unless your numbers are very
           | high. You can't get access to a cardiologist unless you've
           | already had an adverse event.
           | 
           | If you can get time off work and have a PPO, you can get the
           | preventative care.
        
             | evantbyrne wrote:
             | $10 is the cash price. Your doctor diagnoses, not
             | insurance, and you don't need a specialist to get diagnosed
             | regardless of what your insurer wants. Even a nurse
             | practitioner can prescribe you a statin.
        
       | hshdhdhehd wrote:
       | It is a long read and I want to make time for it. Quick search
       | check and calc (for calcify etc.) and diet appear alot in the
       | article which is not surprising based on other things I have
       | watched on the subject.
        
       | lateforwork wrote:
       | The title of the article says "don't die of heart disease", but
       | given that we all have to die at some point, if you could choose
       | what natural cause to die of, wouldn't you pick heart disease? It
       | is the best way to die. The worst is stroke. So once you cross a
       | certain age, say 60, don't worry about heart disease, worry
       | instead about stroke.
        
         | loloquwowndueo wrote:
         | Why is heart disease a "good" cause of death?
        
           | lateforwork wrote:
           | Less suffering. Stroke on the other hand... you become
           | partially disabled, which causes suffering not just for you,
           | but also for your loved ones.
        
             | poszlem wrote:
             | I think you are confusing "getting a stroke" and "dying
             | from stroke". If you get a heart attack and don't die from
             | it you might become a burden on your family too.
        
         | Avalaxy wrote:
         | Funnily enough, the things you can do to prevent stroke line up
         | entirely with the things you can do to avoid heart disease.
        
           | lateforwork wrote:
           | The article doesn't mention antioxidants at all, which help
           | prevent atherosclerosis.
        
         | masfuerte wrote:
         | If you have a massive banger and die immediately that is a
         | pretty good way to go.
         | 
         | However, many people suffer from heart failure which, despite
         | the name, means partial heart failure. The permanent
         | breathlessness gives them a terrible quality of life. They can
         | live with this for decades sometimes but it's not much fun.
        
         | jpmattia wrote:
         | > _worry instead about stroke._
         | 
         | You say that as if stroke is orthogonal to heart disease. Much
         | of what prevents one prevents the other.
        
           | lateforwork wrote:
           | Yes but there are habits that are especially important for
           | preventing stroke, such as getting 7-9 hours of sleep,
           | monitoring and controlling risk factors related to blood
           | vessel health that affect the brain uniquely, such as
           | preventing irregular heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation),
           | anti-inflammatory diet choices focused on brain health, and
           | so on.
        
         | DharmaPolice wrote:
         | Dementia seems a pretty awful outcome too. I hope my heart
         | gives out before my brain.
        
           | lateforwork wrote:
           | Alzheimer's too.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | I agree, but both are heart disease and both can be prevented
         | in similar ways. My dad and my father in law both died from
         | heart disease. My fil was on the surface less healthy. He had
         | an extreme high stress job with exposures to environmental
         | factors that made it worse, was partially disabled with bad
         | knees, etc. i believe he was on blood thinners for almost 20
         | years.
         | 
         | He got up to make a sandwich for my mother in law, who was very
         | sick, and don't come back. Massive heart attack and aortic
         | rupture - he was dead before he hit the ground.
         | 
         | My dad had a lot of stress over his career and his share of
         | health issues but found a happy medium and improved his health
         | greatly stating about in his late 40s. He was basically
         | walk/running 2-5 miles a day for several years after
         | retirement. He had a major stroke, recovered somewhat, and then
         | ended up almost dying from a kidney stone and resulting
         | infection. (He could not communicate pain as part of his
         | aphasia.) long story short, he suffered in a lot of ways (pain,
         | disability, loss of dignity) for 4 years before finally
         | succumbing.
         | 
         | In online discussions, we tend to boil everything down to
         | death. Reality is that longer you can put off complications,
         | the better you will be when something more severe happens or
         | you get sick. As you age, each time something happens, your
         | recovery is a little less robust. Go to the doctor, take your
         | statins and take care of yourself.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | Sometimes I think the way this type of thing is framed is
         | misleading. There's a list of putative causes of death and
         | there's an assumption that they're equally systemically
         | impactful, and you can go down the list and just lower the
         | probability of each and lower your overall likelihood of death.
         | 
         | That's not totally off, but the thing about cardiovascular
         | disease is it affects _everything_ because it 's how your body
         | distributes oxygen. Stop distributing oxygen and you die.
         | 
         | That's not to say other organs aren't important, it's just that
         | if you replace "cardiovascular" with "oxygen distribution" it
         | becomes apparent that almost by necessity it's going to include
         | a lot of deaths.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | You assume that you'll die at X years old, and get to pick the
         | disease. In reality, you might die of heart disease at 60, or
         | cancer at 70, or alzheimer's at 80. Which one do you pick?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | What I want is a long life of doing what I want. when I must
         | die how doesn't matter, but if I can extend my lifespan (well
         | span) by not getting a heart attack that is good: more years to
         | enjoy life. If I can also extend my life by not getting cancer
         | even better. Even if I must die if I can delay that with a good
         | life that is what I want.
         | 
         | note that I said good life. There are lots of bedridden people,
         | I don't want to be like that. I want to be like the old person
         | still doing things in old age.
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | >> given that we all have to die at some point, if you could
         | choose what natural cause to die of, wouldn't you pick heart
         | disease?
         | 
         | Monty Python, "The Meaning of Life", Part VII.
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | Fabulous information, but lacking information isn't the issue.
       | The behavioral changes are obvious and well evangelized : lose
       | weight, regular activity (walking), and if necessary, take meds.
       | (Yes I know your marathon runner cousin who died suddenly of a
       | heart attack, but these are still your best odds)
       | 
       | Telling people what to do rarely fixes anything. People need
       | dozens of impressions for those changes to sink in. Friends,
       | family, social outings, commercials, movies, songs all promoting
       | overindulgence won't be overcome with a helpful pamphlet or
       | nagging.
        
         | jasonjmcghee wrote:
         | Managing stress shouldn't be overlooked
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | "Stress" is so abused and nebulous that it's impossible to
           | define. Nearly every condition is worsened by "stress" but
           | there's no way to measure it. And there's no conclusive way
           | to manage stress either. Medication, psychotropics, self
           | medication, meditation. Nearly all of those are more broadly
           | abused and yet stress "worsens".
           | 
           | One person may run an intense soup kitchen 15 hours a day and
           | feel little stress, and another can sit at a computer for 9
           | hours sending pointless emails and feel tremendous stress.
        
             | Jimmc414 wrote:
             | Managing cortisol shouldn't be overlooked
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | "Sleep better, eat better, get less stress, get more
               | activity" is about as helpful as saying "don't die".
        
             | tananan wrote:
             | Fortunately, as you mention in your last sentence, stress
             | is introspectable.
             | 
             | How exactly stress corresponds to biomarkers doesn't matter
             | if your desire is to lower it.
             | 
             | The issue is that many of us don't pay attention to how we
             | keep our body & mind throughout the day, or do so on a very
             | superficial level. So strain on the body can accumulate for
             | a long time.
             | 
             | "Stress management" is a lifetime skill. It doesn't come in
             | bulletpoints, it's as broad as "living happily".
             | 
             | Edit: That said, this can make the advice "be less
             | stressed" a bit vacuous.
             | 
             | But people do get scared when random health issues flare up
             | and become more conscious of how they deal with stress in
             | life.
             | 
             | So it's not bad to keep reminding people either :)
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | it's bad in the way of "don't think about elephants"
               | makes you think about elephants.
               | 
               | "Try not to stress" or "reduce stress" - but how to do
               | that? Stress itself is nebulous, and the countermeasures
               | are inconclusive.
               | 
               | Think of the last time you were angry or frustrated. Did
               | your spouse telling you to "calm down" fix the problem?
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > The behavioral changes are obvious and well evangelized :
         | lose weight, regular activity (walking), and if necessary, take
         | meds.
         | 
         | More specifically, it's "change your diet and eat/drink less",
         | which is the hardest part. Diet's impact eclipses regular
         | activity, and it's consequences build up and compound over
         | decades.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | i agree. Under-eating with baseline activity is better than
           | overeating with excessive activity, excluding the extremes.
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | This site isn't necessarily meant to have a big sociological
         | impact; it provides enough information that someone with
         | sufficient motivation, but a lack of resources and expertise
         | can take concrete steps to reduce their risk. That seems useful
         | to me.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | in this case "useful" means applying the facts and making
           | changes. A detailed map that goes unused is useless. A hand
           | drawn map that gets you home is priceless.
           | 
           | People don't need more facts and information - those are in
           | surplus. In fact, for most people when they receive too many
           | facts, they just glaze over.
           | 
           | The changes needed are trivial
        
       | cogman10 wrote:
       | I might just be tired, but this seems highly repetitive. The
       | author mentions friends in the field and concierge doctors
       | multiple times in as much as I read.
       | 
       | Feels like the whole thing could be shortened to just say "here's
       | the tests you run, the drugs you might take, the lifestyle
       | changes you should consider".
        
         | naIak wrote:
         | Right? It started okay even if a bit too verbose, then there
         | was a second introduction. There I lost interest.
        
         | Scubabear68 wrote:
         | Somewhat related, one of my thoughts was "what if these
         | concierge doctors just keep running tests until they find
         | something, anything, to justify their fees"?
        
         | rustman123 wrote:
         | It's also demonizing doctors and the healthcare system a bit
         | too much for my liking.
         | 
         | I'm located in Europe, so I may have a slightly different view,
         | but my doctors clearly care and discuss with me about
         | prevention, risks, tradeoffs, ...
         | 
         | They praise the methods of the ,,good" doctors and stamps the
         | others as driven by financial gain. Who says the expensive ones
         | are any better in this regard? Who says they are more or less
         | exaggerating the importance of test results to make you come
         | back?
        
           | lotyrin wrote:
           | In the US my best doctors produce out of date advice about
           | obvious things, have a very distinct gap between "everyday"
           | (stuff they actually see) and "incredibly rare" (stuff unique
           | enough to be a case study they heard about) in their
           | knowledge/understanding and rarely advise things that require
           | me to be a proactive and rational person (because they don't
           | serve these often), so they'll spend two seconds being like
           | "diet and exercise" without a discussion on how that'd work
           | or what adjustments I'd actually make (leaving me to do this
           | research myself) and then suggest a prescription (because
           | even their least proactive patient will probably take a
           | pill). They'll wait until things become a disorder before
           | addressing them (or discussing with me how to address them).
           | 
           | The worst will basically laugh me out of their office for
           | daring to belong to a marginalized identity or failing to
           | already have the health knowledge I'm there trying to gain
           | from them.
           | 
           | Maybe I have awful luck... but I have very little faith at
           | this point. The most effective relationship I had was with a
           | hack who was willing to just prescribe whatever I asked him
           | for and order whatever tests I asked him for (I think most of
           | his patient base were college students seeking amphetamine
           | salts).
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | I'm in the us and my doctors have all done the same. Though
           | it is obvious most people are not listening to them.
        
       | hackama wrote:
       | Very interesting, but do the numerous mentions of taking action
       | in your 20s, 30s and 40s mean it's too late for someone in their
       | 50s?
       | 
       | Nitpick: he mentions LDL-C but the test results don't mention
       | that at all. Only later do I see that is "LDL Cholesterol".
        
         | daveguy wrote:
         | No, it is never too late to take action. Even taking action
         | after a stent procedure reduces further risk:
         | 
         | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/treatme...
        
         | johnrob wrote:
         | If you start exercising in your 20s, and never stop, it will be
         | so much easier to maintain fitness in 40s 50s etc. The
         | challenge is that the benefits are not yet visible in your 20s
         | (when you'll probably be healthy and at a proper weight
         | regardless). Gotta lay that foundation for older age though!
         | 
         | EDIT - I misread the comment. It's never too late to start,
         | just be careful for injuries as that will block your ability to
         | exercise.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | It's a bit like saving money.
        
         | arjie wrote:
         | In general, when science is done, recruitment requirements
         | force the experimenters to bucket the participants. One thing
         | that often happens is an open bucket, say 35+.
         | 
         | The resulting science is then reported as "When you cross 35,
         | your chances of being pregnant immediately drop" or "The brain
         | stops developing at 18" and so on.
         | 
         | Almost nothing in the body is really like this, though. You can
         | quit smoking later in life and it will help. You can eat better
         | later and it will help. You can exercise and it will help. Very
         | few things are "the damage is done".
         | 
         | The only constraints are that the later you start the more
         | risks you face. E.g. if you first deadlift in your 50s and you
         | decide to follow Starting Strength you're going to have
         | trouble.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | There doesn't seem to be any mention of hypertension on that
       | page.
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | If you're going to press ctrl+f and post a critique, I
         | recommend including a synonym or two in your search terms.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | As much as the HN trend is against AI features in client
           | software, this is an excellent use of Gemini-in-Chrome.
           | Instead of wracking your brain for English synonyms, you can
           | just ask it if the page discusses hypertension, a kind of
           | weapons-grade ctrl+f. Mine said
           | 
           | "Yes, the article discusses hypertension, referring to it as
           | "high blood pressure.""
        
         | fullStackOasis wrote:
         | Actually, there is. You have to search for "pressure". For
         | example, "Other Tests: There are some other things that are
         | important to know as well. You must know your blood pressure".
        
           | k__ wrote:
           | Good point.
           | 
           | I've forgotten that blood pressure is another word for it, as
           | all medical papers use hypertension.
           | 
           | Thanks!
        
       | pstuart wrote:
       | A key takeaway is: don't be afraid of taking statins if you need
       | them. I fell for the "statins are bad" BS for years and have paid
       | the price.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | What price have you paid?
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | I now have a cardiologist and just had an MRI to check on the
           | state of my aorta, as a recent calcium scan brought up
           | concerns.
           | 
           | I've now been on rosuvastatin and ezetimibe for several years
           | with zero noticeable negative effects. I'm hoping that this
           | with other behavior modification can help stave off further
           | damage for a while.
        
         | lisbbb wrote:
         | My dad would disagree--he's 84, was on statins for years and
         | they did terrible things to his body. I'm sure the drugs kept
         | him alive, but the side effects, as he describes them,
         | particularly to his legs and kidneys, were pretty severe. He
         | only got better when he stopped taking them.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | I believe statins reduce risk by about 30%, so there's a
           | roughly 30% chance the statins have done good things for your
           | dad.
           | 
           | (I think that's what the stats mean, right? I'm open to
           | correction on this. I do believe the statin studies, I'm not
           | a science denier. I think what I've said matches the science,
           | as far as I understand.)
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | Obviously we all differ in how we respond to medications --
           | apparently it's 10% - 15% that have issues with statins.
           | 
           | I think a pragmatic approach would be to try them if
           | warranted by testing and be prepared to stop or change them
           | if it has issues.
           | 
           | We're learning more and more about the mechanisms of
           | cholesterol and there's a variety of medications out there:
           | https://www.heart.org/en/health-
           | topics/cholesterol/preventio...
           | 
           | And that doesn't address the role that fiber plays in
           | managing it (and the virtues of fiber for health in general
           | that are coming to light at a rapid clip)
        
       | dawnerd wrote:
       | Was this written via LLM? There's a link early on to some ai
       | search tool which kinda made me question the validity of
       | everything mentioned.
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | You should always have questioned the validity, but now you
         | feel the need because of LLMs.
        
         | OutOfHere wrote:
         | Please strictly cease and desist from accusing material of
         | being written by an LLM, whether on this site or on any other
         | site. If you want to criticize the material, do so under the
         | good faith assumption that it is written by a human.
        
           | dawnerd wrote:
           | I think it's absolutely fair to criticize something for
           | potentially being generated via an llm or heavily utilized by
           | such especially when it comes to medial claims.
           | 
           | Reading it I couldn't help but feel the author relied on ai
           | research tools and is now passing that along to everyone
           | reading as if it's proven fact. When they link out to an ai
           | search engine that's not helpful when trying to cite sources.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | We don't really know the author. For all I know, the LLM is
             | more accurate than the specific human, in which case I'd
             | _want_ the article to be written by an LLM.
             | 
             | Saying "LLM bad, human good" is both false and
             | uninteresting.
        
             | OutOfHere wrote:
             | No. It is false criticism. It is like calling one a witch
             | in historical times. Anyone gets accused of it without hard
             | evidence. For all I know, your comment was AI generated.
             | You relied on AI and are now passing that along. It's not
             | helpful.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | It has many markers of that, including being about ten times
         | longer than it needed to have been.
        
       | AaronAPU wrote:
       | I was planning to start getting scans ordered for specific risks
       | like aneurysm or heart attack but what holds me back is the idea
       | the scans will harm me worse than those things.
       | 
       | It is very difficult to have any level of confidence with the
       | medical industry so my current approach has been to eat as
       | healthy as possible while staying as fit as I can without undue
       | extreme stress.
        
         | rogerrogerr wrote:
         | As someone who would like to do this but has generally been
         | choosing the easy paths - curious what your diet and exercise
         | regime looks like.
        
           | AaronAPU wrote:
           | Well "fortunately" I'm forced to have a strict diet due to
           | some sort of IBS issues. For that, I use the MacroFactor app
           | and talk through my daily recipes with ChatGPT, making sure
           | to hit the macros and calories targets while also optimizing
           | for heart health and IBS. Fat, protein, carbs, fiber. Taking
           | AG1 to fill gaps.
           | 
           | For fitness I'm obsessed with biking so I do like 90 minutes
           | of endurance/tempo pace 5 days a week and usually a race once
           | a week. Zwift is great with a Tacx when weather is bad
           | (often).
           | 
           | That isn't a time option for everyone but it is also likely
           | well beyond what is necessary for most people.
           | 
           | I also don't drink or smoke or vape which I think is
           | important.
           | 
           | Not going to say I'm an expert or an exemplar of health but I
           | am really trying everything I know to do at this stage.
        
         | captainkrtek wrote:
         | A relevant anecdote. I'm very athletic and skinny, eat well,
         | have a resting heart rate in the 40s, but was recently
         | prescribed a statin at 30, due to my very high LDL cholesterol
         | and lipoprotein A.
         | 
         | My family has a history of cardiovascular disease despite us
         | doing what we can w.r.t eating and exercise. I'd encourage you
         | to get some tests at least.
         | 
         | My mother similarly was put on statins and is getting a
         | cardiovascular work up (calcium scan) because she now has early
         | atherosclerosis. She eats super healthy and is a former olympic
         | sprinter..
         | 
         | Bonus anecdote: In my free time I do shifts as an EMT with my
         | fire dept (911), that is a big wake up call to wanting to be as
         | healthy as can be. The number of patients I see who are 50+,
         | nearly all are on 5-10+ meds, few are just one 0, 1, or 2. At
         | that age I see type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol,
         | and more.
        
           | AaronAPU wrote:
           | They have me on blood pressure meds and do the usual blood
           | tests, the tests I considered have been elective and I
           | requested them explicitly. Just haven't followed through due
           | to aforementioned hesitations. I'm very much aware heart
           | issues run in the family and that I have symptoms.
           | 
           | But I would be very happy to do any elective non invasive
           | tests. On the fence about going beyond that until/unless the
           | Dr. flags it as needed.
        
             | captainkrtek wrote:
             | That makes sense! Its easy I think to also go overboard and
             | analyze too much, causing stress as you suggest.
        
           | guerby wrote:
           | You're probably a "lean mass hyper-responders", a phenotype
           | which is actively investigated, initial paper:
           | 
           | Elevated LDL-cholesterol levels among lean mass hyper-
           | responders on low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets deserve urgent
           | clinical attention and further research
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36351849/
           | 
           | A few other more recent papers:
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35498420/
           | 
           | https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101109
           | 
           | Note: I'm not a doctor.
        
             | captainkrtek wrote:
             | Interesting, thanks for sharing!
        
         | JoshTriplett wrote:
         | > scans will harm me worse than those things
         | 
         | There are two known harms from scans:
         | 
         | - Radiation. This is why people shouldn't get these scans
         | several times a year, but 1-2 are very unlikely to move the
         | needle. The average radiation from a full chest CT is just
         | under the average dose for ~2 years of normal background
         | radiation. (I don't know if a CTA uses less than average.)
         | 
         | - Acting on something you would otherwise have ignored, where
         | ignoring it might have been the right answer. The main problem
         | here is that it's hard to get a medical opinion saying "you
         | should ignore this" because of perverse incentives: there's an
         | aversion to recommending doing nothing because that could lead
         | to a lawsuit, whereas "overtreatment" will not get a doctor
         | sued. However, you _can_ make a deliberate decision to do this
         | anyway even after getting the scan; seek second and third
         | opinions, consider alternatives, weigh risk versus reward, make
         | a considered decision.
        
       | lbrito wrote:
       | I don't like this kind of content. The author might have a
       | personal motivation for it, but for the general public, it's just
       | more mental load.
       | 
       | We are all going to die one day.
       | 
       | When I was younger, I would fret over this kind of article.
       | Great, one more thing I have to worry about. Now I just mostly
       | ignore it. It's impossible otherwise. If I dedicate hours and
       | days and months to all the heart best practices, what about when
       | the liver, esophagus, kidney, bladder, brain articles come out?
       | 
       | We all know the good practices. Don't be a dumbass. Don't drink
       | too much, exercise and so on. Besides that, I'm very much going
       | to be reactive, as the article cautions against. I just don't
       | have time or mental energy to do otherwise.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | I share your general emotional reaction, but to be fair, heart
         | disease is far and away more important than other type of
         | disease. More people die of it in the US than die of _all
         | cancers combined_ : https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-
         | causes-of-death.htm
        
         | bwfan123 wrote:
         | > We all know the good practices. Don't be a dumbass
         | 
         | In theory yes, but in practice we are all dumbasses to some
         | extent.
         | 
         | I used to have your attitude until I saw a friend die of a
         | heart attack at an early age - and it appeared to me that he
         | would have survived if he had an indication. So, now I have
         | changed my attitude to one of more data does not hurt.
        
       | FlamingMoe wrote:
       | I recently did a comprehensive panel of my own volition with
       | Quest Labs and was pleasantly surprised by the entire process. It
       | was super easy to schedule, affordable, and their online platform
       | is surprisingly sleek.
        
       | potato-peeler wrote:
       | The value of the biomarkers are they applicable for all age
       | range? What if someone already had a heart attack, then what
       | should be the normal values post incident?
        
       | lisbbb wrote:
       | Love the chart at the bottom--it really puts on display media
       | bias and lack of integrity and using fear to push idiotic
       | policies which area really just a way to put everyone in the
       | pocket of government and keep them there permanently with zero
       | real improvement to public health. Fear get eyeballs. the Covid
       | mass hysteria proves that, too.
       | 
       | As far as heart disease goes, yes, it's the big killer and it's
       | time people started waking up from the media haze, but to do
       | that, you have to admit you were wrong, and for many, that is far
       | too tall a hill to climb.
        
       | zamiang_brennan wrote:
       | Great post but quite surprised there is no mention of cutting red
       | meat. There is a lot of evidence that especially the American
       | diet is dangerously high in red meat to the point of elevating
       | Heart Disease risk.
        
         | mac-mc wrote:
         | IMO, I think that is more of a saturated fat issue, and only a
         | subset of the population is like that. Others solve their
         | health issues through eating a lot of red meat.
        
         | zoeysmithe wrote:
         | Also processed red meats or processed meats in general.
         | Processed meats are the ones strongly linked with heart
         | disease. At least for those who dont want to go vegetarian.
         | 
         | Processed meats are so bad, they should be eliminated entirely
         | from everyone's diet. The World Health Organization has
         | classified processed meat as a Group 1 carcinogen. No amount of
         | it is considered safe.
         | 
         | Unprocessed read meat is still a problem and WHO advises less
         | than 350g a week. Which is 12-18 ounces of cooked meat. 12g is
         | about one adult serving of steak. So you really are looking at
         | 1.5 servings per week of unprocessed red meat to be safe. At
         | most! You probably should try for less or closer to 12g.
         | 
         | And really if you're at a healthy weight, then I'm not sure how
         | helpful this is. Obesity is a bigger risk factor. This is a bit
         | of the elephant in the room for heart health. Not only should
         | we not be eating things associated with heart disease but also
         | we need to keep ourselves at a healthy weight.
        
           | fcpk wrote:
           | these are extremely outdated recommendations that make no
           | sense. most of the basis for those are studies that took
           | direct correlation as causality. the problem is a crappy
           | lifestyle which incidentally typically includes processed and
           | red meats in large quantities in the western world. saturated
           | fats are hardly a good indicator of anything when you
           | disassociate them from the lifestyle and foods they come with
           | for most people. blue zones are now finally coming out as
           | simply just the places where records sucked. there are plenty
           | of populations with centenarians that had meat rich diets.
           | 
           | yes obesity is bad, as the source enemy of most diseases that
           | kill and are not cancer is inflammation. find a diet that
           | makes you not obese and have low inflammation, that is vastly
           | superior to "Mediterranean diet" or "plant diet" for
           | everyone.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Especially the red meat pumped up with hormones...
        
       | throwaway89201 wrote:
       | I'm not sure that non-medically indicated CT scans are a great
       | idea, as you're at least doubling your yearly dose of radiation
       | in the year of the CT scan. Perhaps it's warranted, but the
       | article doesn't seem to balance that at all against doing a CT
       | scan "every 1-5 years".
        
         | dumbmrblah wrote:
         | I agree. As a physician, this is sticking out to me as bad /
         | dangerous advice. By getting unneeded regular CT scans, you're
         | dramatically increasing your risk of developing cancer. Beyond
         | the radiation exposure itself, there is also the very real
         | possibility of incidental findings that can lead to further
         | testing, invasive biopsies, and unnecessary interventions, all
         | of which compound your overall risk. You might solve one
         | problem, but you've just guaranteed a much bigger, more
         | explosive one down the line.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | You won't die of heart diesease if you die of cancer first.
           | So I guess it sortof checks out, but not what I would choose.
        
         | Esophagus4 wrote:
         | Yes - in addition, medical professionals warn against
         | "overdiagnosis" from unnecessary screenings.
         | 
         | This can happen when we choose to treat otherwise benign issues
         | that would have had few negative consequences for our health or
         | longevities. Those treatments can have negative effects that
         | are worse than the ailment we're trying to treat.
         | 
         | I know it's a natural tech-guy impulse to quantify everything
         | and get access to as much data as you can, but that myopic
         | focus can actually lead us to optimize for the wrong thing.
         | 
         | [1]https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4077659/
         | 
         | [2]https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6135119/
        
       | carbocation wrote:
       | Key Takeaway: Get a CT or CTA scan, and if you can afford it go
       | for the CTA with Cleerly.
       | 
       | There is a reason that we don't recommend getting imaging for
       | everyone, and that reason is uncertainty about the benefit _vs_
       | the risks (cost, incidentalomas, radiation, etc, all generally
       | minor). Most guidance recommends calcium scoring for people with
       | intermediate risk who prefer to avoid taking statins. This is not
       | a normative statement that is meant to last the test of time: it
       | may well be the case that these tests are valuable for a broader
       | population, but the data haven 't really caught up to this
       | viewpoint yet.
        
         | safety1st wrote:
         | Right.
         | 
         | Hang on a second.
         | 
         | This guy is making a big big claim.
         | 
         | The central point of his article is that he went to a doctor
         | who followed the guidelines, tested him and found he wasn't at
         | risk for heart disease.
         | 
         | But then he went to another, very expensive concierge doctor,
         | who did special extra tests, and discovered that he was likely
         | to develop heart disease and have a heart attack.
         | 
         | Therefore he is arguing that THE STANDARD GUIDELINES ARE WRONG
         | AND EVEN IF YOU DO EVERYTHING RIGHT AND YOUR DOCTOR CONFIRMS IT
         | YOU MAY BE LIKELY TO DIE OF HEART DISEASE ANYWAY, SO ONLY THE
         | SPECIAL EXTRA TESTS CAN REVEAL THE TRUTH.
         | 
         | I want a second opinion from a doctor. Is this true? Is this
         | for real? Because it smells funny.
        
           | malfist wrote:
           | His evidence is also kinda weak. And appeal to authority
           | largely about someone who he's paying to tell him he has
           | health problems. The incentives aren't aligned.
           | 
           | I also disagree that the 50the percentile is the breakpoint
           | between healthy and unhealthy. There's a lot more to deciding
           | those ranges beside "well half of the population has better
           | numbers"
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | ApoB is a better indicator of heart problems and his ApoB
             | was bad, unlike his LDL-C. ApoB is not some imaginary thing
             | made up by a quack doctor.
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | You may have missed the stat that 30% of the population
             | that's the median of will die of heart disease. You don't
             | want to be at the median.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | If health science was as simple as health outcomes are
               | proportional to one or two measurement percentiles, sure.
               | But that's hardly true. Health is a lot more complex than
               | that and the disease risk cannot be quantified by a small
               | number of parameters
        
               | rgmerk wrote:
               | 100% of the population will die of something.
               | 
               | If I die at 90 of a heart attack havjng maintained the
               | ability to live independently up until then, I'd take
               | that as a massive win compared to my relatives suffering
               | through a decade of me with worsening dementia.
        
           | carbocation wrote:
           | The claim on an individual level is not objectionable to me.
           | The question is that if we extrapolate it out to the
           | population and actually take this action for everyone, do we
           | make people better off? This is what clinical trials (or at
           | least large observational studies) try to achieve. Right now,
           | it is not clear.
        
           | sixtyj wrote:
           | If there are two contradictory conclusions you should ask for
           | the third one, independent on the previous ones.
        
             | Apes wrote:
             | The year is 1846, and a doctor has a radical new idea:
             | doctors should wash their hands between performing
             | autopsies and delivering babies!
             | 
             | You're not sure of whether this is a good idea or not, so
             | you ask various physicians, and the consensus is unanimous:
             | the very suggestion is offensive, do you think doctors are
             | unclean?
             | 
             | A clear conclusion has been achieved.
        
               | sixtyj wrote:
               | You're right. My comment doesn't make sense.
        
           | Apes wrote:
           | I strongly suspect the truth is both are "right", but they're
           | both optimized answers to slightly different problems.
           | 
           | Mainstream medicine is hyper optimized for the most common
           | 80% of cases. At a glance it makes sense: optimize for the
           | common case. Theres some flaws in this logic though - the
           | most common 80% also conveniently overlaps heavily with the
           | easiest 80%. If most of the problems in that 80% solve
           | themselves, then what actual value is provided by a medical
           | system hyper focused on solving non-problems? The real value
           | from the medical system isnt telling people "it's probably
           | just a flu, let's just give it a few days and see" it's
           | providing a diagnosis for a difficult to identify condition.
           | 
           | So if your question is "how do we maximize value and profit
           | in aggregate for providing medical care to large groups of
           | people", mainstream medicine is maybe a good answer.
           | 
           | But if your question is "how do we provide the best care to
           | individual patients" then mainstream medicine has significant
           | problems.
        
             | fwip wrote:
             | Part of providing good care is not burdening the patient
             | with tests or treatments that are very unlikely to yield
             | benefit. Put another way, the mission of healthcare is not
             | "health at any cost."
        
               | embedding-shape wrote:
               | The mission of healthcare in the eyes of those who
               | provide it, isn't "health at any cost".
               | 
               | For the people on the other side, "health at any cost" is
               | pretty much the goal, usually limited by the "cost" side
               | of things, especially in the parts of the world where
               | they haven't yet figured out the whole "healthcare for
               | the public" thing.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > But then he went to another, very expensive concierge
           | doctor, who did special extra tests, and discovered that he
           | was likely to develop heart disease and have a heart attack.
           | 
           | It's scarily common in medicine for doctors to start
           | specializing in diagnosing certain conditions with non-
           | traditional testing, which leads them to abnormally high
           | diagnosis rates.
           | 
           | It happens in every hot topic diagnosis:
           | 
           | When sleep apnea was trending, a doctor in my area opened her
           | own sleep lab that would diagnose nearly everyone who
           | attended with apnea. Patients who were apnea negative at
           | standard labs would go there and be diagnosed as having apnea
           | every time. Some patients liked this because they became
           | convinced they had apnea and frustrated that their
           | traditional labs kept coming back negative, so they could go
           | here and get a positive diagnosis. Every time.
           | 
           | In the world of Internet Lyme disease there's a belief that a
           | lot of people have hidden Lyme infections that don't appear
           | on the gold standard lab tests. Several labs have introduced
           | "alternate" tests which come back positive for most people.
           | You can look up doctors on the internet who will use these
           | labs (cash pay, of course) and you're almost guaranteed to
           | get a positive result. If you don't get a positive result the
           | first time, the advice is to do it again because it might
           | come back positive the second time. Anyone who goes to these
           | doctors or uses this lab company is basically guaranteed a
           | positive result.
           | 
           | MCAS is a hot topic on TikTok where influencers will tell you
           | it explains everything wrong with you. You can find a self-
           | described MCAS physician (not an actual specialist) in online
           | directories who will use non-standard tests on you that
           | always come back positive. Actual MCAS specialists won't even
           | take your referral from these doctors because they're
           | overwhelmed with false cases coming from the few doctors
           | capitalizing on a TikTok trend.
           | 
           | The same thing is starting to happen with CVD risks. It's
           | trendy to specialize in concierge medicine where the doctor
           | will run dozens of obscure biomarkers and then "discover"
           | that one of them is high (potentially according to their own
           | definition of too high). Now this doctor has _saved your
           | life_ in a way that normal doctors failed you, so you
           | recommend the doctor to all of your friends and family.
           | Instant flywheel for new clients.
           | 
           | I don't know where this author's doctor fits into this, but
           | it's good to be skeptical of doctors who claim to be able to
           | find conditions that other doctors are unable to see. If the
           | only result is someone eating healthier and exercising more
           | then the consequences aren't so bad, but some of these cases
           | can turn obsessive where the patient starts self-medicating
           | in ways that might be net negative because they think they
           | need to treat this hard to diagnose condition that only they
           | and their chosen doctor understand.
        
           | rasse wrote:
           | It's important to note that there's geographic variability in
           | guidelines. Also, the article doesn't give enough information
           | about the author's other risk factors. For a similar patient
           | (based on the initial lab results), treated by a doctor
           | adhering to the European guidelines, at least the following
           | items would have been considered:
           | 
           | - Lipid lowering drugs
           | 
           | - ApoB testing
           | 
           | - Coronary CT (if the pre-test likelihood of obstructive
           | coronary artery disease was estimated to be > 5%)
           | 
           | - Diabetes tests
           | 
           | - Kidney tests
        
         | jbritton wrote:
         | A CIMT scan is another option. It uses ultrasound to measure
         | carotid artery wall thickness.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | That seems like a super dumb reason to me. "We don't look
         | because we might misinterpret the results"?? Fix the
         | interpretation then!
         | 
         | It's crazy that we haven't optimised MRI scans so that they can
         | be routine.
        
       | Buttons840 wrote:
       | I am not a statin skeptic--or rather, I don't want to be a statin
       | skeptic. I've done the research and it makes sense to me, but I
       | still feel some social and psychological pressures to reject
       | statins.
       | 
       | When I see that it is widely accepted that ApoB is better to
       | measure than LDL-C, but the industry continues to measure LDL-C,
       | but not ApoB, I wonder why. It makes me skeptical.
       | 
       | When I see that the purpose of statins is to reduce plaque
       | buildup in the arteries, and that we have the ability to measure
       | these plaque buildups with scans, but the scans are rarely done,
       | I wonder why. Like, we will see a high LDL-C number (which,
       | again, we should be looking at ApoB instead), and so we get
       | worried about arterial plaque, and we have the ability to
       | directly measure arterial plaque, but we don't, and instead just
       | prescribe a statin. We're worried about X, and have the ability
       | to measure X, but we don't measure X, and instead just prescribe
       | a pill based on proxy indicator Y. It makes me skeptical.
       | 
       | In the end statins reduce the chance of heart attack by like 30%
       | I think. Not bad, but if you have a heart attack without statins,
       | you probably (70%) would have had a heart attack with statins
       | too. That's what a 30% risk reduction means, right?
       | 
       | As you can see, I'm worried about cholesterol and statins.
        
         | mac-mc wrote:
         | If you fix it without statins through better lifestyle and
         | diet, that is the preferrable route.
         | 
         | As to why medicine is like this, it's because it's
         | conservative, usually about 17 years behind university
         | research[0], and doctors are shackled to guidelines in most
         | health systems or risk losing their licenses. It isn't a
         | coincidence that the article author had his out-of-pocket
         | concierge doctor tell him the more up-to-date stuff.
         | 
         | [0] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241518/
        
           | kryogen1c wrote:
           | >doctors are shackled to guidelines
           | 
           | To expand, one of the coverage pillars of malpractice
           | insurance (in the US) is the "standard of care". This is
           | basically what most doctors and their associations consider
           | acceptable, which by definition excludes new, better
           | techniques.
           | 
           | This is both a bug and a feature. A move fast and break
           | things philosophy would cause more harm than good, but it
           | also prevents rapid adoption of incremental improvements.
        
             | mac-mc wrote:
             | 17 years is far from rapid or move fast and break things.
             | ApoB has been known about for quite a long time, since the
             | 90s its effects have been obvious, and showed up in
             | research in the 70s-80s!!! It's still not part of standard
             | testing!!!
             | 
             | Guidelines also leads to standards of care being random and
             | heavily driven by politics & financial reasons disguised as
             | medical best practice. South Korea and India are "parallel
             | testing" places, which saves time, while the USA & others
             | are serial testing places mostly because of their funding
             | models.
             | 
             | Talk to any American doctor and they will give you a bunch
             | of emotionally wrapped cope about why it's bad because the
             | cognitive dissonance sucks and there are liability reasons
             | to avoid admitting your wrong. I would argue that in many
             | cases, parallel testing is cheaper because $300 of tests is
             | cheaper than 4 chained $500 doctor visits. But whatever.
        
           | btilly wrote:
           | I have an objection to the "better lifestyle and diet"
           | approach.
           | 
           | Sure, it is absolutely true that better lifestyle and diet
           | has a huge effect. However it is absolutely certain that the
           | vast majority of people who are told to improve their
           | lifestyle and diet, won't.
           | 
           | The result is doctors giving advice that they know won't be
           | followed. And thereby transferring potential fault from the
           | doctor to the patient, with no improvement in actual
           | outcomes. "I told the patient to lose weight and maintain
           | that with a controlled diet." And yet, most people when told
           | to diet, won't. Most people who start a diet won't complete
           | it. And most people who lose weight on a diet, have the
           | weight back within 5 years. Where each "most" actually is
           | "the overwhelming majority". And the likelihood of the advice
           | resulting in sustained weight loss probably being somewhere
           | around a fraction of a percent.
           | 
           | What, then, is the value of the doctor giving this lecture?
           | 
           | (Disclaimer. I have lost 20 of the pounds I gained during
           | COVID, and am making zero progress on the remaining 30. A few
           | months ago I successfully started a good exercise routine.
           | Given my history, I would expect to only follow it for a few
           | years before falling off the wagon. I believe that this poor
           | compliance puts me well above average. But do you know what I
           | do reliably? Take my prescribed medicine!)
        
             | a1studmuffin wrote:
             | Your health is ultimately your own responsibility - it's
             | your body. You have free will, and your appetite for risk
             | is yours alone. You can choose to ignore expert advice and
             | refuse to wear a seatbelt, skip your rehabilitation
             | exercises, invest all-in on crypto, or smoke cigarettes.
             | None of this responsibility should fall on the expert if
             | they communicated the risks clearly.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | What if you have an intrinsically lower ability to
               | perform temporal discounting?
        
           | hshdhdhj4444 wrote:
           | Licensing but also insurance.
           | 
           | I think only recently have insurance companies started
           | covering APoB testing in your annual exams (or that may just
           | be my insurance...).
        
         | collingreen wrote:
         | I ALSO want to not be a statin-skeptic but, like you, these
         | things look very weird to me. The most prescribed drugs in the
         | country and we don't even try to check if they are addressing
         | the actual problem?
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | There is a financial incentive not to look.
        
         | sixtyj wrote:
         | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullar...
         | 
         | Meta-analysis conclusion: This literature-based meta-analysis
         | did not find evidence for the benefit of statin therapy on all-
         | cause mortality in a high-risk primary prevention set-up.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | A meta-analysis that only includes 11 studies on statins is
           | immediately suspect.
           | 
           | There have been a lot of studies on statins. If a meta-
           | analysis comes along and only cherry picks a couple of them,
           | something is up.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | > There have been a lot of studies on statins
             | 
             | Financed by who?
        
             | AuryGlenz wrote:
             | That's fair.
             | 
             | This is totally unsourced now but I did a deep dive quite a
             | while ago now and it seemed to me that studies largely
             | found that statins after a heart attack helped all cause
             | mortality (though not by a ton), but if they were
             | prescribed to someone before a heart attack it wasn't
             | nearly as clear. Considering how they often make people
             | feel it seems like people should be a bit skeptical.
        
             | GeoAtreides wrote:
             | Have you read their methodology and understood how they did
             | their selection? You could critique their actual
             | methodology. Maybe their selection is backed by strong
             | arguments, right? And if you think their methodology is
             | weak, then please explain why.
             | 
             | Not just throw a two-line comment disparaging the work of
             | experienced specialists in the field.
             | 
             | For the curious, here are the author affiliations for this
             | study:
             | 
             | Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of
             | Cambridge, Cambridge, England (Drs Ray, Seshasai, and
             | Erqou); Department of Cardiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital,
             | Cambridge (Dr Ray); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and
             | Therapeutics, Imperial College, and National Heart and Lung
             | Institute, London, England (Dr Sever); Department of
             | Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
             | Netherlands (Dr Jukema); and Department of Statistics (Dr
             | Ford) and BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre,
             | Faculty of Medicine (Dr Sattar), University of Glasgow,
             | Glasgow, Scotland.
        
           | zargon wrote:
           | Concentration of ApoB-carrying lipoproteins in the
           | bloodstream as the driver of heart disease is one of the most
           | strongly proven facts in medicine. Statins are proven to
           | lower LDL (a close-enough substitute for ApoB in most
           | situations) by about 30%. I can't look at the study now, but
           | most likely it's a situation where patients' cholesterol has
           | not been lowered enough by medication to make a meaningful
           | difference. If you have an LDL of 160, statins aren't going
           | to be sufficient. The issue is doctors/patients not targeting
           | a sufficiently low cholesterol level.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | > When I see that it is widely accepted that ApoB is better to
         | measure than LDL-C, but the industry continues to measure
         | LDL-C, but not ApoB, I wonder why. It makes me skeptical.
         | 
         | ApoB is shaping up to be an incremental improvement in
         | measurements, but health and fitness influencers have taken the
         | marginal improvement and turned it into a hot topic to talk
         | about.
         | 
         | This happens with everything in fitness: To remain topical and
         | relevant, you always need to be taking about the newest, most
         | cutting edge advances. If it's contrarian or it makes you feel
         | more informed than your doctor, it's a perfect topic to adopt
         | for podcasts and social media content.
         | 
         | ApoB is good, but it's not necessarily the night and day
         | difference or some radical medical advancement that obsoletes
         | LDL-C. For practical purposes, measuring LDL-C is good enough
         | for most people to get a general idea of the direction of their
         | CVD risk. The influencers like to talk about edge cases where
         | LDL-C is low but then ApoB comes along and reveals a hidden
         | risk, but as even this article shows there isn't even consensus
         | about where the risk levels are for ApoB right now. A lot of
         | the influencers are using alternative thresholds for ApoB that
         | come from different sources.
         | 
         | > In the end statins reduce the chance of heart attack by like
         | 30% I think. Not bad, but if you have a heart attack without
         | statins, you probably (70%) would have had a heart attack with
         | statins too. That's what a 30% risk reduction means, right?
         | 
         | 30% reduction in a life threatening issue is _huge_. I don't
         | see why you would want to diminish that.
         | 
         | If you were given the choice of two different dangerous roads
         | where one road had a 30% lower chance of getting into a life-
         | threatening car crash, you would probably think that the choice
         | was obvious, not that the two roads were basically the same.
        
           | flenserboy wrote:
           | numbers often quoted in favor of statins use relative instead
           | of absolute risk. when seen in absolute terms there is little
           | case for statins except in some possible particular cases.
           | they also do little, if anything, when it comes to life
           | extension -- the expected lifespan of a statin user is often
           | estimated to be four days longer than that of those who do
           | not use them. not only is this essentially statistical noise,
           | it discounts the lowered quality-of-life side effects
           | experienced by many who have been put on statins.
        
             | Maxion wrote:
             | AFAIK statins show better numbers for secondary prevention.
             | For primary prevention its a toss up.
        
             | Buttons840 wrote:
             | This is all true. If you take a statin and it causes no
             | issues, you're... _maybe_ (30%, yay!) better off for it.
             | 
             | If a statin makes you feel miserable, I think any doctor
             | would sympathize with a calculated decision to stop them.
             | There are many types of statins to try though, so hopefully
             | one would work without side effects.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > There are many types of statins to try though
               | 
               | Most with efficacy determined by the proxy variable of
               | LDL-C levels, and with even more questionable results in
               | actual lifetime improvement.
               | 
               | I too really wanted not to be that skeptical about
               | medicinal research. But if I had high cholesterol and a
               | doctor recommended newer statins to me, I don't think I
               | would take them.
        
           | endominus wrote:
           | >If you were given the choice of two different dangerous
           | roads where one road had a 30% lower chance of getting into a
           | life-threatening car crash, you would probably think that the
           | choice was obvious, not that the two roads were basically the
           | same.
           | 
           | You could absolutely think that they were basically the same,
           | depending on the base rate. The differece between a one-in-a-
           | million and 0.7-in-a-million is 30%, but it wouldn't be
           | humanly perceivable. We're all likely faced with situations
           | like that regularly. Differing airlines probably have much
           | greater variances in their crash statistics, but it just
           | doesn't matter in 99.99999% of flights.
        
             | leni536 wrote:
             | There is an xkcd for that:
             | 
             | https://xkcd.com/1252/
        
         | lateforwork wrote:
         | There are plenty of statin skeptics and for good reasons; see
         | prior discussion here:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45430939
        
           | m_a_g wrote:
           | > and for good reasons
           | 
           | That prior discussion gives no good reasons. The linked
           | medium posts are, to be frank, trash.
           | 
           | Statins are well-tolerated drugs with little to no noticeable
           | side effects. You might have to try a few. You may need to
           | combine ezetimibe to maintain a moderate statin dosage level,
           | and that's it. (Like the author of this article)
           | 
           | Source: Leading cardiologists worldwide, and doctors of the
           | rich and famous.
        
             | guerby wrote:
             | What the BMJ has to say on this very topic of statins:
             | 
             | https://www.bmj.com/campaign/statins-open-data
             | 
             | So no settled science here.
             | 
             | Unless you consider the BMJ a trash journal of course.
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | I recently went on a statin (atorvastatin) and found I have
             | the WILDEST dreams of my life if I don't take them in the
             | morning, and my doctor said my liver readings were elevated
             | after use but not enough he wants to switch it yet. Which
             | alternative statins should I be looking at, or do they have
             | even harder side effects to deal with?
        
             | lateforwork wrote:
             | > _Statins are well-tolerated drugs with little to no
             | noticeable side effects._
             | 
             | Sorry, that's nonsense. It is a dangerous drug with plenty
             | of side effects. If it had no side effects it would be sold
             | over the counter. The brain needs cholesterol to function.
             | If you artificially remove cholesterol this is what
             | happens: https://www.health.harvard.edu/cholesterol/new-
             | findings-on-s...
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | > When I see that the purpose of statins is to reduce plaque
         | buildup in the arteries, and that we have the ability to
         | measure these plaque buildups with scans, but the scans are
         | rarely done, I wonder why.
         | 
         | I'd love to know where to get the right advice on this topic.
         | 
         | I have high LDL-C, had a heart CT in hospital last week, yet
         | the hospital's cardiologist phoned me yesterday to _cancel_ a
         | scheduled appointment to discuss the results(!), because she
         | said I have zero arterial plaques and there 's simply no need
         | for us to meet.
         | 
         | I feel really quite lost with this stuff :/
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | If it was a calcium scan, it is expected to be zero until mid
           | 40s. It doesn't really start to give a signal until then.
           | 
           | A zero is still a zero though, and is associated with low
           | risk of heart disease in the near future.
        
           | MPSimmons wrote:
           | How old are you? I was told that they're not considered
           | diagnostic until somewhat later in life (>50) because the
           | plaque may not have calcified yet, which could cause a false
           | negative.
        
         | jimmydddd wrote:
         | My wife had high cholesterol numbers, so her doctor wanted to
         | give her statins. She asked about a scan, he begrudgingly said
         | well, I guess you could do that. Her scan showed 0 plaque.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | Plaque won't show as calcium until it has been in your
           | arteries for decades and has calcified. It is a delayed
           | indicator.
           | 
           | For anyone under 40, it's expected to have zero calcium. Even
           | a measure of 1 or 2 when you're below 40 would be a bad sign.
        
         | netfortius wrote:
         | I was found to have high cholesterol in my late 20s. At the
         | time the doctors (my cardiologist, then a second one brought in
         | for advice) determined that the source was hereditary, but the
         | effects would be the same. So they put me on statins. It's been
         | 40 years now. I changed the statins three times since, when the
         | actual one, at a specific time was no longer able to keep the
         | values within acceptable limits. Approximately 8-9 years ago (I
         | think) I ended up on Rosuvastatin 20mg, which I'm still taking
         | every day. I do not maintain any diet (it'd be very hard, as
         | I'm a heavy meat eater) and cholesterol levels are still
         | staying within acceptable limits. Of course YMMV
        
           | iaaan wrote:
           | No heart attacks or strokes? I'm in the same boat (hereditary
           | issue), and altering my diet has never had any substantial
           | effect on my numbers. I'm not overweight and rarely eat red
           | meat, but have had trouble keeping onto a primary care
           | physician long term (the people I keep picking seem to move
           | between clinics constantly) in order to retain consistent
           | access to a statin prescription, but as I continue to age
           | I've been getting increasingly anxious that my time is
           | coming.
        
             | netfortius wrote:
             | So far everything is good. I only had more of a logistic
             | issue, once, when moving to France from the US, a few years
             | back (retirement) and when my new doctor told me that the
             | French do not recommend statins for people at my age and
             | overall good shape (active, fit, etc. ), even if the
             | numbers are high. I asked her to give me a referral to a
             | cardiologist, to whom I mentioned my 35 years of statins in
             | the US, and who was of the opinion that after such a long
             | time and with no apparent side effects, he would recommend
             | continuing on this type of medication. And that was it, so
             | I'm now getting the prescription renewals almost
             | "automatically", even as my cholesterol is staying within
             | limits (under the assumption that it may increase, should I
             | stop, especially considering the amazing cuisine and
             | products to which I now have access :) )
        
         | liveoneggs wrote:
         | Statins also raise your blood sugar and lower your GLP-1,
         | increasing your risk of diabetes?
         | 
         | They also tend to be continued well into old age (off label)
         | despite increasing fall risk, which is way more dangerous to an
         | 80 year old.
        
         | fcpk wrote:
         | one better simple indicator than large panels, if you can't get
         | access to them or don't have them is simply your
         | triglycerides/hdl ratio. aim to be under 2 if using mg/dl and
         | under 0.87 if using mmol/L. it's one of the strongest
         | correlated indicators of cardiovascular disease. way better
         | than any classic cholesterol ratios.
        
         | hshdhdhj4444 wrote:
         | > When I see that it is widely accepted that ApoB is better to
         | measure than LDL-C, but the industry continues to measure
         | LDL-C, but not ApoB, I wonder why. It makes me skeptical
         | 
         | Because this is a recent understanding and healthcare tends to
         | be a conservative industry that moves slowly. Sometimes too
         | slowly.
         | 
         | And also because LDL remains an excellent measure. The risk
         | with LDL isn't false positives. If someone has high LDL they
         | likely have an elevated risk of heart disease. The problem with
         | LDL testing is that someone with low LDL may still have a high
         | risk of heart disease which may be captured in APoB testing.
        
         | hermanzegerman wrote:
         | > When I see that it is widely accepted that ApoB is better to
         | measure than LDL-C, but the industry continues to measure
         | LDL-C, but not ApoB, I wonder why.
         | 
         | That's pretty simple to explain. No conspiracy.
         | 
         | LDL-C is much much cheaper to measure. ApoB costs 36x times as
         | much, so Insurance Companies don't like to pay for it
        
         | brandonb wrote:
         | > When I see that it is widely accepted that ApoB is better to
         | measure than LDL-C, but the industry continues to measure
         | LDL-C, but not ApoB, I wonder why. It makes me skeptical.
         | 
         | Part of this is just that insurance coverage lags science.
         | We've known that ApoB is more accurate than LDL since the
         | 1990's or 2000's, but to be covered by insurance, several more
         | steps have to happen.
         | 
         | First, the major professional societies (like the American
         | College of Cardiology or National Lipid Associations) have to
         | issue formal guidelines.
         | 
         | Then, the USPSTF (US Preventive Services Task Force) needs to
         | review all of the evidence. They tend to do reviews only every
         | 5 or 10 years. (Countries aside from the US have different
         | organizations that perform a similar role.)
         | 
         | If the USPSTF issues an "A" or "B" rating, then insurance
         | companies are legally obligated to cover ApoB testing. But that
         | also introduces a year or two lag since medical policies are
         | revised and apply to the next plan year.
         | 
         | The net effect is that the entire system is 17 years, on
         | average, behind research.
        
       | aktuel wrote:
       | This is all very interesting, but far too detailed and technical
       | for 99% of people. The TLDR should include an easy to understand
       | summary without jargon like "VO2" and "a set of HIIT at Zone 4".
        
       | amsterdorn wrote:
       | Curious about how accessible these tests are in Europe. Living in
       | a country (NL) that doesn't value annual checkups makes me assume
       | detailed, preventative blood testing like this is hard, let alone
       | possible to get in non-extreme situations.
        
       | dust42 wrote:
       | Long story short care about your health. If you don't do already,
       | maybe now is a good time to start.
       | 
       | What you put into your body: no processed food, cook yourself,
       | lots of variety of veggies and fruits, little meat, little
       | alcohol.
       | 
       | What you do with your body: regular exercise, low stress, enough
       | sleep.
       | 
       | What you do with your mind: good social environment, good
       | relationships.
       | 
       | And an apple a day keeps the doctor away!
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | > lots of variety of veggies and fruits, little meat
         | 
         | This is wrong. Our bodies evolved to rend flesh and eat meat.
         | They are optimized by millions of years of evolution to process
         | and run on meat.
         | 
         | The biochemical pathways of carb-heavy diets put more oxidative
         | stress on the body.
        
           | slumpt_ wrote:
           | podcast science is a bit low-brow for hn brother
        
           | cd4plus wrote:
           | This is wrong. Our bodies evolved to eat a diverse omnivorous
           | diet and complex carbs + the antioxidants present in
           | vegetables and fruits are anti-oxidative.
        
             | NotGMan wrote:
             | This is wrong.
             | 
             | Humans have eaten complex carbs only for the last 10k years
             | since agricultural revolution. Before that, outside of a
             | small part of Africa, there physically wasn't enough carbs
             | available to say that they made any substantial amount of
             | our diet.
             | 
             | Most ancenstral carbs were uber high in fiber, and very low
             | in glucose (starch) and fructose.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | I've taken courses in primitive wilderness survival, and
               | one of the staple foods was grass seed.
               | 
               | Also lots of roots are edible with cooking, and it looks
               | like we've been cooking for about a million years. Then
               | there's wild rice, cattails, beans, berries, all sorts of
               | stuff.
               | 
               | I agree that most wild plants are high in fiber and low
               | in sugar, but there are are a lot of complex carbs to be
               | had, if you have fire.
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Vegetables aren't "carb-heavy". And we don't need to recreate
           | blindly the circumstances evolution had to adapt us to. E.g.,
           | our bodies evolved when the population was much smaller, but
           | I don't think you want to argue for mass extinction.
        
           | GeoAtreides wrote:
           | >Our bodies evolved to rend flesh and eat meat.
           | 
           | is that why we have flat molars? for eating meat?
           | 
           | (spoilers: no, the flat molars are not for eating meat)
        
         | its-summertime wrote:
         | "Long story short" should probably be followed by a short
         | version of the long story.
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | Not all things labeled "processed foods" are bad, it seems.
         | There are enough scientists that say the distinction is often
         | hypocritical (example from an article: a factory-made carrot
         | cake is labeled UPF, but a home-baked one isn't, even though
         | they're practically the same thing). Sugar, fats, and lack of
         | fiber make factory-food unhealthy, they say. Others add that we
         | can't feed the growing metropolitan areas without it.
        
           | callmeal wrote:
           | >a factory-made carrot cake is labeled UPF, but a home-baked
           | one isn't, even though they're practically the same thing).
           | 
           | Actually they are not. "Practically" is carrying a lot of
           | weight there. The factory baked cake will have a lot more
           | extraneous ingredients and usually has a larger quantity of
           | sugar and fat. Similar to how restaurant food generally has a
           | lot more salt and fat than home cooked food.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | Yep just a glance at the ingredients shows obvious
             | differences. Other issues I've seen studies about include
             | contaminants from conveyor belts, and for many snack foods,
             | processing into smaller particles, effectively making them
             | partially pre-digested.
        
             | macNchz wrote:
             | Yes, right off the bat a factory made carrot cake will very
             | likely contain dough conditioners, colors, and
             | preservatives that no home cook would put in their scratch
             | made version.
             | 
             | The direct impact of those extra ingredients alone or in
             | combination is not entirely clear at this point, aside from
             | building evidence that people whose diets include more of
             | that seem to be less healthy.
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | WRT the carrot cake, I will say that while there is only a
           | minimal physical difference, there is a practical difference.
           | Making a carrot cake at home is a commitment, and most people
           | won't frequently go to the trouble except on special
           | occasions... But one from the grocery store can be acquired
           | casually and without effort, and it's easy to eat a lot more
           | of something when it requires no effort.
        
             | kakacik wrote:
             | Every time I cook (and thats quite often) I put a bit
             | different ingredients that some factory would put in since
             | they are the cheapest variant.
             | 
             | Some stuff is BIO, cream or coconut milk are lower fat
             | version, or carrots are are without residual pesticides.
             | Less salt since we use less salt, and taste buds quickly
             | adjust so its still adequately salty, a better mix of herbs
             | and spices so taste is.. simply better, more refined. We
             | use with much less sugar, the same as for salt above (if
             | you eat sweet stuff sparingly then even mildly sweet stuff
             | tastes amazingly, just don't go from one extreme to
             | another).
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | Just expanding on a peer post, but industrial made food tends
           | to have a large number of preservatives, stabilizers,
           | coloring agents, and much more added for commercial reasons.
           | An obvious example of this is in something as simple as
           | bread. If you've ever made homemade bread. It goes stale in a
           | day or two, and it's hard as a rock shortly thereafter.
           | 
           | But that loaf you buy at the store? It'll generally be
           | covered in mold before it gets hard, and that's quite the
           | achievement since it also tends to be more resistant to mold
           | as well! Bread _should_ get hard. This is where a ton of old
           | recipes come from. The Ancient Greeks would dip it in wine
           | for breakfast, Euroland has bread soup /puddings, and even
           | stuff in the US like Thanksgiving stuffings or croutons.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > : a factory-made carrot cake is labeled UPF, but a home-
           | baked one isn't, even though they're practically the same
           | thing
           | 
           | If you stepped inside a food factory you would see how false
           | that statement is
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | I dunno! My favorite carrot cake recipe had a full cup of
           | vegetable oil in it! I'm not sure that fits into anyone's
           | guidelines.
        
         | nothrabannosir wrote:
         | You're not wrong but it is not a fair TLDR. TFA has a TLDR
         | which says
         | 
         | > If you only read one thing here, make it the "How to not die
         | of heart disease" section.
         | 
         | Which itself is still quite long but it emphasizes:
         | 
         | > Every lipidologist I've spoken with has stressed the
         | importance of measuring and managing ApoB above all else - it's
         | a far better predictor of cardiovascular disease than LDL-C
         | (which is what physicians are most familiar with). Every
         | standard deviation increase of ApoB raises the risk of
         | myocardial infarction by 38%. Yet because guidelines regularly
         | lag science, the AHA still recommends LDL-C over ApoB. Test for
         | it regularly (ideally twice a year) and work to get it as low
         | as possible (longevity doctor Peter Attia recommends 30-40mg
         | per deciliter). Many lipidologists will say to focus on this
         | above all else.
         | 
         | And:
         | 
         | > I asked several leading lipidologists to stack rank what they
         | believe are the most important biomarkers for people to measure
         | and manage. [...], and will likely cost anywhere between
         | $80-$120 out of pocket.
         | 
         | That's a pretty interesting and relevant part of TFA. Omitting
         | that is not a fair "long story short", but rather just
         | "different story".
        
         | swat535 wrote:
         | Everyone knows the recipe for healthy living, it's the same as
         | for similar issues such as personal finance (spend less than
         | you earn, save, etc.).
         | 
         | They seem simple on the surface but hard part is execution for
         | most people, due to life circumstances and other factors.
         | Unhealthy choices persist because society isn't built around
         | healthy lifestyles.
         | 
         | So while the comment seems helpful on the surface, it misses
         | the forest for the trees.
         | 
         | I think that there needs to be a bigger discussion here,
         | regarding why have we engineered a society that inflicts
         | suffering and illness on so many?
        
       | guzik wrote:
       | > It's not sexy, and as a result an overwhelming majority of the
       | population is unaware about how to avoid succumbing to it
       | 
       | When I started building an ECG Holter in my early 20s, I tried to
       | get some friends to use it and kept hearing "yeah, but it's not
       | exactly sexy to wear that thing." That's when it hit me how
       | little people care about prevention until something goes wrong.
       | We still have a huge awareness gap to close.
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | I asked a heart doctor for a calcium scan. He said I didn't
         | need that, but he wanted me to wear a Holter monitor for a few
         | days (reasons unknown). I did not.
         | 
         | That was years ago. I have different doctors now but still no
         | calcium scan. Time to ask again possibly.
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | What if heart disease saves me from dementia? I'm not just being
       | contrarian. I think about this a lot of the time. I'm already 40.
       | I'm being healthy now, but whatever damage has already been done
       | is baked in. (plus whatever is in my genetics) A quick death at
       | 65-70 might be much more preferable to a slow terrible decade-
       | long decline.
        
         | JoshTriplett wrote:
         | New medical discoveries happen regularly; you might also die
         | right before the discovery of a preventative/cure for dementia.
         | Living people have options, dead people have none.
         | 
         | Also, given the preferences you expressed in your comment, you
         | _especially_ should want to avoid strokes, or the many side
         | effects of heart disease, which can make you less healthy for a
         | long time.
        
         | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
         | Heart disease can be a slow decade long death, where you become
         | incapable of physically doing anything. It's not just a heart
         | attack out of nowhere and you're dead.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | My grandfather always said "there's something to be said for a
         | good coronary." He was in his 70's when he said it, and his
         | point was that he had a good run, and there's an argument for
         | going out while things are still good rather than slowly dying
         | over six months in a nursing home (which is what actually
         | happened).
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | > _Don't Die!_
       | 
       | Why the f* not.
       | 
       | My in-laws are over 95. They refuse to go to an elderly home and
       | as a result make everyone miserable, starting with themselves and
       | inflicting infinite suffering on their children who each have a
       | family of their own, and need to take care of them all of the
       | time.
       | 
       | I don't want to do that to my own children. I don't want to not
       | die. I don't esp. want to die but I'm not really afraid of it,
       | it's just a normal part of life.
       | 
       | Preventing heart disease is probably a good thing, but if one
       | prevents every ailment conceivable then how does this work
       | eventually?
        
         | CapitalistCartr wrote:
         | You're almost certainly going to die by or before 110, anyway.
         | (Ir)Regardless of your efforts, or lack thereof, our bodies
         | typically give out in the 100-110 year range with _very_ few
         | exceptions.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | If you prevent _every_ ailment you don't become frail and just
         | take care of yourself.
        
       | js2 wrote:
       | > Sticking to a Mediterranean diet that is light on carbohydrates
       | and saturated fats is almost always the safest bet. Almost every
       | health diet is some permutation of this.
       | 
       | A permutation that's currently making the rounds in the press
       | (even though the original research is from 20 years ago) is the
       | "portfolio diet":
       | 
       | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/196970
       | 
       | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.0...
       | 
       | Some press mentions:
       | 
       | https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/the-portfolio-di...
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/04/well/eat/health-benefits-...
       | 
       | https://www.cnbc.com/2025/11/05/the-portfolio-diet-what-it-i...
        
         | wocram wrote:
         | This is a lot of words to say eat a plant-based/vegan diet.
        
       | mac-mc wrote:
       | If you dig into research and follow the low-risk experiments that
       | people do online to reduce their Lp(a), you can find techniques
       | and evidence to do so. It doesn't have to be an impossible-to-fix
       | issue.
       | 
       | I like this list of experiments by Greg Muschen:
       | https://x.com/gregmushen/status/1924676651268653474
        
       | jeffnv wrote:
       | For what it's worth, this article by the doctors at Barbell
       | Medicine has been my go to recommendation for what to prioritize
       | for health and longevity:
       | https://www.barbellmedicine.com/blog/where-should-my-priorit...
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | Stop drinking. Replace cheese and butter with olive oil in
       | copious amounts. Only eat fish meats. Don't smoke or vape. Eat
       | salads and other prebiotics. Get some cardio - even walking your
       | dog is great. Your brain fog will lift, your skin will clear,
       | your mood will improve and your doctor will gasp at how clear
       | your carotids are next time they're ultrasounded.
        
       | reidrac wrote:
       | There are some points on this post that confuse me.
       | 
       | > In early 2023 during a routine skin check at my dermatologist
       | [...]
       | 
       | Are routine skin checks a thing?
       | 
       | > [...] I've spoken with several of the world's leading
       | cardiologists and lipidologists [...]
       | 
       | How come?
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > Are routine skin checks a thing?
         | 
         | If you have a dermatologist, I would imagine so.
         | 
         | Is having someone you can describe as "my dermatologist" a
         | common thing? Probably not for most people who don't have a
         | chronic skin condition of some kind, I would think.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | they are to me. I'm very light skinned and thus have had
         | sigificant sunburn more than once, skin checks have found and
         | removed somewhat likely to turn into cancer. Probably useless
         | if you are 20, but by 50 they can find and prevent cancer and
         | so should become common
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | Going deep on biomarkers, blood tests, and debates about optimal
       | levels is okay for some people who derive motivation from
       | obsessing over topics, but I'm starting to notice a trend where
       | people obsess about these things for a couple years before
       | burning out and moving on to the next topic.
       | 
       | The best thing you can do for yourself is to establish healthy
       | diet and lifestyle habits that are sustainable. A lot of people
       | who jump from obsession to obsession do a great job at optimizing
       | for something for a few years, but when their life changes they
       | drop it completely and fall back to forgetting about it.
       | 
       | Fad diets are the original example of this: They work while the
       | person is doing it, but they're hard to maintain for years or
       | decades. CrossFit and other exercise trends have the same problem
       | where some people get extremely excited about fitness for a
       | couple years before falling off completely because it's
       | unsustainable for them. Some people are able to continue these
       | things for decades, but most people do it for a short while and
       | then stop.
       | 
       | I'm now seeing the same pattern with biomarker obsessives: They
       | go a few years obsessing over charts and trying things for a few
       | months at time, but when the interest subsides or they get busy
       | with life most of it disappears.
       | 
       | The most successful people over a lifetime are those who
       | establish healthy habits that are easy to sustain: Eating well
       | enough, reducing bad habits like frequent alcohol or fast food
       | consumption, some light physical activity every day, and other
       | common sense things.
       | 
       | The most important factor is making it something easy to comply
       | with. The $300 biomarker panels are interesting, but most people
       | don't want to pay $300 every year or more to get snapshots that
       | depend largely on what they did the past week. Some people even
       | get into self-deceiving habits where they eat well for a week
       | before their blood tests because the blood test itself has become
       | the game.
        
         | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
         | I learnt a great trick about exercise: find a podcast or audio
         | book that you really enjoy listening to. Here's the trick:
         | you're only allowed to listen when you're exercising.
         | 
         | Also with food and drink: place friction between the treat and
         | yourself. The easiest example is to not have biscuits / alcohol
         | in the house.
         | 
         | Bonus tip: alcohol free beer is really good these days.
        
           | portaouflop wrote:
           | Alcohol free beer was a game changer for me. Also if I can't
           | avoid it alternating alcohol-containing and alcohol-free
           | drinks.
           | 
           | For exercise your tip doesn't help me at all. I hate
           | audiobooks and podcasts so that would turn me off more from
           | exercising. Also I want to concentrate on the exercise and
           | not do it halfhearted.
           | 
           | What helped me was to realise how much better I feel after
           | exercising - since then i kinda got addicted to it because I
           | notice how much worse I feel after not doing it for a couple
           | of days.
           | 
           | I agree on the friction. Just not having access to cigarettes
           | is the best way for me to not smoke. I just don't buy them
           | and bumming one from someone else comes with a degree of
           | personal shame for me that makes me avoid them (in almost all
           | cases).
           | 
           | I naturally don't like sweet stuff that much - however since
           | I moved from EU to America (not US) it's been really hard to
           | avoid sugar. Y'all put that stuff into everything it's crazy;
           | I gotta watch out like a hawk and go to special stores. In
           | Europe it was so much easier, there are always cheap sugar
           | free whole foods available in every supermarket.
        
             | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
             | It's not just sugar. Emulsifiers affect the gut bacteria in
             | a negative way.
             | 
             | I live in the UK and emulsifiers seem to be added to
             | everything: sauces, yogurt, bread.
        
           | toast0 wrote:
           | If you're exercising for cardio, and you're able to follow
           | your book or podcast, you're probably not doing good cardio.
           | OTOH, it's not a bad way to do interval training while
           | watching sports, go hard when they're yammering, slow down
           | when the sports are happening (or, if you're watching soccer,
           | you can go hard most of the time and then slow down for the
           | replay if anything happens, which is unlikely)
        
             | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
             | I lift weights, so there's lots of pauses between the sets!
             | 
             | However I can definitely listen to a podcast when using a
             | static bike... As long as your heart rate is 75%0
        
             | autop0ietic wrote:
             | You are completely wrong and don't know what you are
             | talking about.
             | 
             | You are confusing two different things.
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | > If you're exercising for cardio, and you're able to
             | follow your book or podcast, you're probably not doing good
             | cardio
             | 
             | But on the flip side, even if it isn't ideal, if that tip
             | makes at least one person actually do any kind of cardio at
             | all, even if it's the worst one on the planet, it's still
             | better than nothing.
             | 
             | In fact, I'd probably consider your statement of
             | preemptively shooting someone down like that (imagine being
             | a 3rd reader of the original comment + your response), is
             | massively more harmful to others than parent who at best
             | tried to trick someone into doing bad cardio, which again
             | would be better than nothing.
        
             | phainopepla2 wrote:
             | Maybe our brains work differently, but I have absolutely no
             | problem following a podcast while running, and my race
             | times indicate that I'm doing good cardio.
             | 
             | I do have a hard time with mind muscle connection during
             | weight training if I'm listening to something other than
             | music, though.
        
             | reducesuffering wrote:
             | > If you're exercising for cardio, and you're able to
             | follow your book or podcast, you're probably not doing good
             | cardio.
             | 
             | Nonsense. Elite distance runners are doing 80% of their
             | miles at essentially a conversational jog with a starkly
             | lower HR than the 20% of intense miles. Cardio exercise
             | under all levels of intensity is optimal, not just easy or
             | just hard.
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | Fiere-lmsaho says< _> Bonus tip: alcohol free beer is really
           | good these days.<_
           | 
           | Could you recommendation some good alcohol-free beers,
           | please?!
        
             | Flere-Imsaho wrote:
             | Sure:
             | 
             | [https://luckysaint.co]
             | 
             | [https://brewdog.com/collections/alcohol-free]
             | 
             | [https://www.majestic.co.uk/beer/peroni-0-0-4x330ml-
             | bottles-7...]
             | 
             | Note that not all "zero %" beers are actually zero %...
             | some have 0.5% alcohol.
        
           | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
           | I push hard enough during cardio that I can't really follow a
           | podcast properly. On the upside, it's only 30 minutes.
           | 
           | While lifting weight I do that since I rest for 90 seconds in
           | between sets, which is actually very boring. I started
           | reading books during that time and that has been a big
           | improvement.
        
         | kakacik wrote:
         | Right on spot. Find a regime for body and mind that you can
         | sustain without any significant mental effort, after some time
         | lack of good behavior be it sports of healthy food makes one
         | uneasy. Bonus points from getting happy from it / making it a
         | passion, this helps a lot with coming back after some hiatus
         | (ie injury, sickness, long travel etc.).
         | 
         | Personal story - I used to be super sporty, 4x gym training
         | during work week - cardio & free weights, climbing over
         | evenings after work, hiking/climbing/ski touring over weekends.
         | Vacations were mostly more extreme variants of the same. Last
         | year broke my both ankles with paragliding, one leg much worse,
         | so took me some 8 months to be able to walk straight again,
         | with some time in wheelchair, then crutches. All strength &
         | stamina gone, flexibility 0, so had to rebuild from scratch and
         | I mean deep bottom scratch from which you bounce very slowly,
         | not some 1 month stop when things come back quicker. If all
         | above weren't my proper passions I would have a hard time
         | coming back to being again more active than most(sans that
         | paragliding, took the lesson and have 2 small kids). That ankle
         | won't ever be same but so far so good, ie managed some serious
         | hike&via ferrata mix 2 days ago.
        
           | portaouflop wrote:
           | Getting happy from it is 100% the most effective way to
           | change habits. Unfortunately it's also very subjective and
           | hard to find out what makes you happy...
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | > starting to notice a trend where people obsess about these
         | things for a couple years before burning out and moving on to
         | the next topic.
         | 
         | Really spot on with one of my besties. He does all the tests.
         | He has a concierge doctor. He reads extensively on the topics
         | of fitness and nutrition. And yet he doesn't do any of it. It's
         | just an intellectual exercise for him. And he has had two heart
         | attacks in the last several years. It's so frustrating. I just
         | wanna shake him.
        
           | tclancy wrote:
           | Warn him before you do. Don't want to scare him.
        
       | hmontazeri wrote:
       | Triglyceride-to-HDL Ratio (TG/HDL)
       | 
       | Interpretation: * < 2.0: Insulin sensitive * 2.0-3.9: Moderate
       | insulin resistance risk * >= 4.0: High likelihood of insulin
       | resistance
       | 
       | Your ratio = 5.0 - Suggests likely insulin resistance.
        
       | kingofmen wrote:
       | There's something I deeply don't understand about this.
       | 
       | > I shared these results with a leading lipidologist who
       | proclaimed: "Not sure if the lab or the primary care doc said an
       | LDL-C of 116 mg/dL was fine but that concentration is the 50th
       | percentile population cut point in the MESA study and should
       | never ever be considered as normal.
       | 
       | > It's also important to note that, according to a lipidologist
       | friend, an ApoB of 96 is at a totally unacceptable 50th
       | percentile population cutpoint from Framingham Offspring Study.
       | 
       | So... the exact median value is "totally unacceptable" and
       | "should never ever be considered as normal"? I'm open to the
       | possibility that the US population is so deeply unhealthy that
       | this is true, but then that needs to be argued for or at least
       | _mentioned_. Like, you can 't say "you're exactly average in this
       | respect" and expect your _and that 's terrible_ to be taken
       | seriously without any followup.
       | 
       | Or if I'm misunderstanding what's meant by "50th percentile
       | population cut point" then again, I think this jargon should be
       | explained, as it's plainly not the usual meaning of "50th
       | percentile".
        
         | kqr wrote:
         | I had assumed "the MESA study population" was a particularly
         | unhealthy bunch in terms of this measurement, meaning the 50th
         | percentile puts one in the worst half of an already bad off
         | group.
        
           | in_cahoots wrote:
           | I don't know the exact details, but I thought the Framingham
           | survey was just a cross-section of the population. So getting
           | upset about a 50th percentile score makes no sense at a
           | population level.
           | 
           | A quick Google says that the Mesa study was actually of
           | people without cardiovascular disease at the beginning of the
           | study. So again, these conclusions don't make any sense to
           | me.
        
             | wrs wrote:
             | Of course it makes sense. 30% of this population will die
             | of heart disease. You don't want to be at the median of
             | that population if you can avoid it. And as a society we
             | need to _move_ the median, not just _accept_ it. Which
             | means giving people better advice based on better data.
        
           | kingofmen wrote:
           | That would make sense, but again, should be mentioned as
           | context for why the number is bad. It's not as though we're
           | skimping on wordcount here.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | The other thing these number chasers don't tell you is that
         | extremely low LDL numbers are also associated with anger
         | management issues. The stuff is used in your body to build
         | things. You need some, and probably at least half of the number
         | this doc is trying to say is scary. In fact in a different test
         | he is advised to talk to his doctor about whether a 29 is safe.
         | 
         | Has the guidance changed that you want LDL less than 2.5x (or
         | was it 2x?) your HDLs?
        
       | jorvi wrote:
       | The "be an advocate" thing is both true but also incredibly
       | selfish and egotistical.
       | 
       | If everyone did that, the whole system would grind to a halt.
       | Doctors aren't in a rush because they enjoy so, they are because
       | they're already overworked. 1 out of every 25 patients (their
       | family) demanding extra attention is possible although still a
       | burden. 21 out of every 25 is not possible.
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | My assumption was that we have to be our own advocate because
         | the system itself is non-ideal.
         | 
         | My takeaway: if bloodwork were broader, covered more markers,
         | there would be one less reason to have to advocate for your own
         | health.
         | 
         | I find it odd that you would instead "advocate" for _not_ being
         | an advocate for your own health? Are we waiting for a friend to
         | say,  "Hey, you're looking a little rough."
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | > Are we waiting for a friend to say, "Hey, you're looking a
           | little rough."
           | 
           | If you are "looking rough", unless you are in imminent danger
           | you should just go to the GP. Your GP is there triage care.
           | He'll recommend whether you need something prescribed from
           | the pharmacy, a blood test or see a specialist.
           | 
           | If you get refered to a specialist, the hospital will try to
           | ascertain if you need a really experienced specialist or if
           | you have a relatively simple case that can be handled by one
           | with, say, 11 years experience. If he decides the case is too
           | complex, he can ask the more experienced specialist to
           | preside.
           | 
           | If you short-circuit that and demand to be seen by the most
           | experienced specialist, you are robbing a patient that might
           | need that experienced hand of extremely valuable care, when
           | you could have done with less. Like I said, egotistical.
           | 
           | > My takeaway: if bloodwork were broader, covered more
           | markers, there would be one less reason to have to advocate
           | for your own health.
           | 
           | Blood work needs lab workers who also have limited time. They
           | could indeed do 10 tests but that means more labs and more
           | lab workers which increases costs, which are already
           | exploding. _Better_ tests would be good.
        
         | gbacon wrote:
         | Behaving like docile, compliant cattle benefits only the
         | farmer.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | Perhaps you could feed the cattle with your strawman instead.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Yeah insisting that you are qualified to choose the members of
         | the medical staff qualified to do X or Y procedure isn't
         | advocating, it's being a prick.
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | The primary thing I did was ask a cardiovascular surgeon in my
       | network to send the lab requisition form to a lab. This is the
       | gate for much of this stuff, even if you pay out of pocket. If
       | someone knows a simple "pay and play" testing service that would
       | be fantastic.
       | 
       | Most doctors recommend against these and against the full body
       | MRI one can get because they believe you'll always find things
       | you don't expect and that will make you indulge in interventions
       | that have weak support, resulting in deleterious iatrogenic
       | effects.
       | 
       | I found that I had no such impulse with the data I had. But a
       | friend of mine, supplied with evidence of a little arrhythmia
       | went through a battery of tests and experimentation. He was in
       | line for getting a cardiac ablation when he finally quit his job
       | and stopped having the problem. So I get why they say that.
       | There's people like that.
       | 
       | Anyway, if you're curious what you can get for $800 email me and
       | I'll post here. I'd do it proactively but I'm traveling so it
       | will take a little work.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | I got all the same labs through Function Health. That's the
         | standard pay-to-play these days, but there are others.
        
           | arjie wrote:
           | Perfect. Looks like everything I'd get from Ulta for $800 but
           | for much less. The self serve model is great. Thank you.
        
       | dreamcompiler wrote:
       | > To help manage inflammation, there are new medications like
       | colchicine that are normally only used in very high-risk
       | patients.
       | 
       | Clarification: Colchicine has been used by humans for over 3000
       | years. What's new is its use for cardiovascular disorders.
        
       | puttycat wrote:
       | I cannot judge the science in most of the article since I'm not a
       | medical doctor.
       | 
       | But since I have a PhD in computer science in a relevant
       | subdomain, I can certainly judge the part where he recommends the
       | following:
       | 
       | > What should you do with your test results? Throw them into
       | ChatGPT, of course!
       | 
       | Do _not_ count on anything coming out of ChatGPT for medical
       | advice. Period.
        
         | kakacik wrote:
         | Yeah its a self-made-help article, if you don't know any better
         | this is what you do. It doesn't make it the best choice overall
         | though.
         | 
         | It feels like the guy had a... mediocre GP, got scared by skin
         | cancer diagnosis and over-corrected to most expensive path
         | possible and since stuff was found out we have this article,
         | roughly correct but written in a sensationalist (or freaked
         | out) style. Some claims are outright false (like GPs not
         | knowing heart disease is the biggest killer... really).
         | 
         | Wife is a doctor with overreach between public and private
         | healthcare, and those private services also have their own
         | motivations which aren't often straightforward help-as-much-as-
         | possible, rather milk-as-much-as-possible with tests, scans,
         | long term treatments and so on. Especially CT scans pour non-
         | trivial amount of radiation on the body that on itself can
         | cause cancer down the line.
         | 
         | With public healthcare you at least know primary motivation
         | isn't cash flow but helping patients, the issue is rather
         | overwhelmed resources with limited time per patient. It always
         | depends on individual, as with engineering there are better and
         | worse, yet we all somehow expect every single doctor to be 100%
         | stellar infallible expert with 150 years of experience across
         | all branches of medicine (absolutely impossible for any human
         | being). Look around at your work if you are an engineer and
         | perceive the spread of quality/seniority of each colleague.
         | Same happens in medicine, just stakes are (much) higher.
        
         | AuryGlenz wrote:
         | ChatGPT is amazing for interpreting test results. Of course you
         | should back it up with a doctor.
         | 
         | Back when 3.5 came out I gave it some information about me when
         | I was a teenager on a condition that (multiple) doctors totally
         | misdiagnosed. It immediately told me three tests I should have
         | done, two of which would have diagnosed it right away. Instead,
         | I had to deal with extreme fatigue for over a decade until I
         | finally did research on my own and had those same tests done.
         | 
         | As far as test results go, right now we're dealing with our dog
         | having increased thirst. She's been on prednisone for a year,
         | and that's not an uncommon side effect. We brought her in to
         | the vet and they tested her and diagnosed in as stage one
         | kidney disease, with no mention of the prednisone. I put those
         | results and her details into ChatGPT and it told us it could
         | absolutely be the prednisone, and told us we could use an
         | inhaler for what we were using the prednisone for - chronic
         | bronchitis. Our vet never offered than option. We'll find out
         | in a few months if she actually has kidney disease or not, but
         | chances are it was just the prednisone.
         | 
         | As a bonus, the vet before this one diagnosed her bronchitis as
         | heart failure. They didn't run any tests, scans, etc. Just
         | "sorry, your dog is going to die soon." What a fun week that
         | was.
         | 
         | ChatGPT is an amazing second opinion tool. Obviously you need
         | to ask it neutral, well formed questions.
        
       | wyldfire wrote:
       | I was a bit distracted by the capitalization of the word
       | "Advocate". Both when used as a noun and a verb. Peculiar.
       | 
       | But a great article with really great suggestions. Too bad
       | there's not better medical care by default but good to hear that
       | we can take control.
        
       | Waterluvian wrote:
       | I'm sensing a potentially significant misallocation of resources.
       | My mental model is that there's a _hypothetical_ quantification
       | of not just your time and money, but your anxiety, attention
       | bandwidth, mental energy, etc.
       | 
       | I think, in some ways, the trick is being able to short circuit
       | the entire journey represented by this website in favour of some
       | form of, "I'm 40. I should be more mindful of heart disease. I
       | should add a 30 min walk to my mornings." And then move on with
       | your life.
       | 
       | I think many cultures, but especially American healthcare
       | culture, foment a growing background noise of constant anxieties
       | and stressors. Life is sufficiently complex but there's always a
       | peddler eager to throw you a new ball to juggle (and pay for).
        
         | adammarples wrote:
         | I think the article makes a valid point: stop worrying about
         | 90% of the other stuff and focus on the thing that will almost
         | certainly kill you - heart disease - for which there are easy
         | diagnostic and preventative measures. I think they're arguing
         | for a better allocation of resources, if anything.
        
           | ericmcer wrote:
           | Isn't the global population like 50% obese? What is your
           | actual risk of dying from it if you are relatively in shape
           | and in your 40s?
        
             | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
             | We don't know how to treat obesity 100% though
        
               | xandrius wrote:
               | Yep because the system around you wants you to consume to
               | obesity.
        
             | rootusrootus wrote:
             | It depends. Overall, lowest all-cause death indexed on BMI
             | seems to be around 27 plus or minus [0]. Interestingly, for
             | all subjects (not just healthy non-smokers), BMI 30-32
             | isn't really associated with a dramatic increase in all
             | cause mortality.
             | 
             | Obviously life is more complicated than just one measure. I
             | figure this is just another data point saying BMI is useful
             | for population studies and not great for individual
             | diagnosis.
             | 
             | [0] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10321632/
        
         | AstroBen wrote:
         | I think people should be mindful of it since they were 18 -
         | it's something that progresses over decades. You can have a lot
         | bigger impact making changes when you're young rather than at
         | 40
         | 
         | But yeah I agree with your message. Focus on the big impact
         | macro level things. Hyper-optimizing it is a waste of energy
        
           | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
           | If I'm not wrong, it takes 20 years to revert the damage of
           | smoking. I don't think you need to care at 18, but the
           | effects will be seen over the course of 20 years
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | Seriously there is too much shit to worry about to micro manage
         | each facet, unless your like a Bryan Johnson billionaire with a
         | staff.
         | 
         | Beyond just heart disease & cancer taking you out entirely its:
         | my eyesight is going, my hearing, every joint in my body could
         | fail, my brain is slowing, etc.
         | 
         | There is just way too much shit to do anything other than be
         | like: sleep, exercise, eat better and don't drink too much.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | yeah, always the usual: eat better and do physical activity
       | 
       | unfortunately, depression cripples my motivation to do physical
       | activity
       | 
       | I still do some, but it's never enough
        
       | tschellenbach wrote:
       | You can run a full blood panel on your whoop by clicking a button
       | and showing up at a quest diagnostics
        
       | m_a_g wrote:
       | I'd argue that even the CT scan is unnecessary for a lot of
       | people who want to start a preventative regimen to tackle heart
       | disease. Especially if you're in your 20s or 30s with no family
       | history of heart disease and no absurdly high ApoB results
       | combined with really high lp(a).
        
       | righthand wrote:
       | Really surprised at the last few paragraphs! Read with caution
       | this is not Real medical advice!
       | 
       | This was a good read until they recommended using ChatGPT instead
       | of working with your doctor. Also they have some delusion about
       | the actual cost of using ChatGPT.
       | 
       | > Pretty incredible. Also free.
       | 
       | Not free at all. Not a good idea to feed a private corporation
       | your health data!
        
       | ef2k wrote:
       | This reminded me of the other extreme to health consciousness:
       | the 109 year old that smoked cigars and ate ice cream every night
       | [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://youtu.be/BXyfCGDnuWs?t=332
        
       | darepublic wrote:
       | My dad went to doctor who was like his friend as long as I can
       | remember. Always received a clean bill of health. Until he
       | suddenly got heart disease and a stroke on the operating table.
       | His doctor basically said that he had seen this coming. Doctors
       | secretary, probably twenty years his junior was a stunner.
        
       | AstroBen wrote:
       | > what most primary care physicians will do with patients to help
       | them avoid heart disease is not enough. The status quo simply
       | does not work
       | 
       | The reason the status quo doesn't work is that people don't
       | actually follow the guidelines set
       | 
       | Barely anyone (like 10% last I saw) meets the recommended amounts
       | of fruit and vegetable intake or exercise. We're all addicted to
       | terrible foods, are sedentary, have high blood pressure and are
       | overweight
       | 
       | Before you start micro optimizing everything just fix your diet,
       | avoid saturated fat and sodium and get enough moderate intensity
       | or better exercise every week
       | 
       | The 95/5 of it is just basic stuff everyone knows and yet barely
       | anyone does
        
       | joquarky wrote:
       | Unfortunately, the time in our lives when we need to most pay
       | attention to these things is when ageism kicks in and yeets us
       | completely off of health insurance.
       | 
       | I'm coming up on two years unemployed and feel like an idiot for
       | not better preparing for ageism in our industry. I foolishly
       | assumed that experience would make up for age.
       | 
       | Don't make the same mistake! Plan to have most of your income
       | shrink drastically in your mid-40s.
        
       | tlarkworthy wrote:
       | well that inspired me to research getting those tests in Germany.
       | 
       | => heart panel plus
       | 
       | https://en.minu.synlab.ee/heart-panel-plus/
       | 
       | I don't need doctors, I can get ChatGPT to analyse the results.
        
       | embedding-shape wrote:
       | The author says this about smoking:
       | 
       | > If you smoke, don't. It's going to kill you.
       | 
       | And then this about alcohol:
       | 
       | > I think it's unreasonable to tell people not to drink alcohol
       | if they like it.
       | 
       | Why is it unreasonable to tell people not to drink alcohol, but
       | reasonable to tell people to stop smoking? Shouldn't the smoking
       | section also get a "at least make sure it's really good tobacco
       | that you enjoy and don't smoke too much of it"?
       | 
       | It seems like the personal preferences (don't like smoking, but
       | does like alcohol) is getting in the way of their medical-but-
       | not-medical advice, instead of being able to apply their
       | recommendations equally regardless of what they personally like.
        
         | 6510 wrote:
         | If you tell people they cant drink they kill you.
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | I've never told anyone to stop drinking alcohol, yet drunk
           | people keep killing sober people all the time. So what would
           | the difference be?
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | For alcohol, the default is social drinking which is why you
         | don't have widespread alcoholism in most countries where people
         | consume plenty of alcohol. For smoking the default is constant
         | nicotine top up(the nicotine delivery is instant, lasts seconds
         | to minutes and the withdrawal symptoms starts in an hour). Both
         | harmful of course but the alcohol has much less harmful
         | defaults.
        
         | SalmoShalazar wrote:
         | The inconvenient truth that the vast majority of adults refuse
         | to acknowledge is that there is no safe level of alcohol. Any
         | drink is going to damage you, marginal though it may be.
         | Unfortunately the healthiest thing you can do is simply never
         | drink alcohol.
        
       | gehsty wrote:
       | Eat healthier (less processed foods, more fruit and veg, healthy
       | carbs, low sugar and alcohol), exercise regularly and get enough
       | sleep. Take a blood pressure measurement every week / month or
       | so. Track your weight. React if either start going up. Don't go
       | start getting uneasy ct scans.
        
       | programmertote wrote:
       | > All of these can be accessed through bloodwork and urinalysis
       | and can be done at a local Quest Labs (I'd venture to bet there's
       | one within a 10-mile radius of your home), prescribed by your
       | doctor, and will likely cost anywhere between $80-$120 out of
       | pocket.
       | 
       | A frustrating thing about this suggestion -- if I tell my
       | physician (I live in the US) that I want these unusual tests
       | prescribed, s/he would scorn at me (as if I'm acting like a know-
       | it-all and am questioning his/her wisdom attained through years
       | of medicine school and practice).
       | 
       | I truly don't understand about US healthcare is why we allowed
       | medical practitioners to put up barriers around medicine (sure,
       | ban opioids,chemo drugs and maybe a handful of other toxic-with-
       | low-dose meds) and testing by requiring everything doctor's
       | prescription?!
       | 
       | For example, my wife had an swollen eyelid (through infection)
       | recently. She is an oncologist in training (is a board-certified
       | internal medicine doctor). She knows how to treat it -- by
       | putting clean, warm cloth over her eyes to allow pores to expand
       | and let secretions seep out (to treat the symptom); by adding
       | anti-bacterial eye drop like Tobramycin ('mycin' means it's
       | Penicillin-variant, which is usually used to treat bacterial
       | infection) OR by taking antibacterial medicine like Azithromycin.
       | If we were in our home country (in SE Asia), we'd just go to a
       | nearby pharmacy and buy either the anti-bacterial eye drop or
       | pill, and get it sorted. Since we live in the US (for now), my
       | wife has to asked one of her coworkers to prescribe her the
       | medicine (she wasn't sure if she can self-prescribe because we
       | just moved to CA and don't want her to lose her license). Then
       | she took the anti-bacterial pill three times (with the warm cloth
       | treatment for symptom), and the infection was treated completely.
       | 
       | I strongly believe that this kind of infection treatment or self-
       | prescribed blood tests should be allowed without any doctor
       | prescription. Otherwise, it only adds more (unnecessary) patient
       | volume to doctors, clinics and hospitals. I remember reading
       | someone from India advocating for similar approach on HN or
       | Reddit a year or so ago too. In India (just like my SE Asian
       | country), they could just go buy medicines over the counter from
       | a local pharmacy. No doctor's prescription needed (maybe the law
       | is there, but it's not enforce strictly).
        
         | phainopepla2 wrote:
         | For the blood tests, at least, you can get them directly from a
         | lab with no physician gatekeeping.
        
       | goblin89 wrote:
       | It seems to be nearly impossible for me to advocate for myself at
       | a place like a hospital.
       | 
       | It might be easier to do this for someone else, but it seems
       | narcissistic to assume _I_ of all the patients is so special. If
       | there's nobody to advocate _for me_ , clearly I'm not!
       | 
       | Let's say I try it anyway. I tend to be a slow rational thinker
       | in real-time situations, especially under pressure. If I try to
       | advocate for myself and ask questions, I would need to have time
       | to consider the responses (did I even get the information I
       | requested, what are the implications) and maybe do some research
       | in order to make an informed choice as to whether to proceed or
       | not, or whether to ask further questions. However, if I actually
       | request time and have people wait for me, I enter a high-pressure
       | mode in which I can't think well. The clock is ticking, the
       | stakes are high.
       | 
       | Even if it's a simple routine case, I am entrusting myself to
       | people who have the power to kill me. If it's anything beyond
       | routine, killing or harming me may not even be consequential to
       | them (mistakes happen). It is a very particular type of
       | situation.
       | 
       | The natural thing for me to believe is that all of these people
       | are professionals. If I have reasons to supervise them, it
       | automatically implies I believe they are either unprofessional or
       | malicious, in which case I really should not be there in the
       | first place. The arrangement is that I am not supposed to know
       | better than them. If I try to supervise them, that implies I
       | think I do. At worst it would be disrespectful or offensive and
       | would make them hostile on a personal level (which is always at
       | play between humans, regardless of the protocol), at best it
       | would make me look like a crackpot not to be taken seriously
       | anyway. Besides, if I already assume they make mistakes or are
       | unprofessional, their answers can be false anyway.
       | 
       | On the other hand, I am aware that many, many mistakes are made
       | in hospitals daily, so I know they are not such infallible
       | professionals.
       | 
       | As a result, this makes me very reluctant to go to a hospital or
       | a clinic for any reason. It's probably bad.
       | 
       | Anyone has advice for overcoming this? Maybe training to think
       | quickly and finding ways out in high-stakes situations like this?
       | Tricking yourself into a mode where you feel natural advocating
       | for yourself and act in a way that makes people treat you
       | seriously without being offensive to them (considering the power
       | they have over you)? Learning to not care what people think in a
       | healthy way? (Please don't suggest LLMs.)
        
         | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
         | That would be useful for me too, similar problem
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Unless you're willing to take pills the rest of your life,
       | spending a ton of money to study your risk of heart disease is
       | always going to lead you to the same conclusion: Don't smoke,
       | don't drink, eat healthy and exercise regularly.
        
       | ambicapter wrote:
       | > Even while working with incredible infectious disease doctors,
       | I still had to fight and constantly remind people what the next
       | steps were during our admission.
       | 
       | Can't help but feel this is a factor of the sleep deprivation
       | that doctors seem to celebrate.
        
       | bebb wrote:
       | Read the article, felt worried.
       | 
       | Came back here and read all the cynical and critical comments,
       | felt a lot better.
       | 
       | Thanks guys.
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | "This means regular exercise (both strength training, ideally 3x
       | per week, and cardio training that helps to improve V02 max like
       | Zone 2 training)"
       | 
       | Actually, V02 max is best improved through High Intensity
       | Interval Training (HIIT) like doing 400m sprints 8x with a couple
       | minutes rest inbetween. V02 max is famous for being one of the
       | best predictors of longevity.
       | 
       | Zone 2 training (light jogging) is important in tandem (80% of
       | exercise ideally), especially for overall cardiovascular health
       | and lowering heart rate.
       | 
       | Best thing I ever did for my health was start running (mostly
       | jogging) 4-5 times a week. It's amazing how much your health can
       | be improved with 4x 45 minute jogs (just 3 hours/wk). I can
       | consume practically any caloric food for needed energy and all my
       | health metrics have been substantially linearly increasing since
       | I started.
       | 
       | "the stuff that's not good for you: pasta and pizza and bread."
       | 
       | Tell that to the paragons of fitness in marathon running or
       | olympic swimming. There are none of them on low carb. The best
       | cardio health requires cardio exercise and cardio exercise
       | requires carbs as energy. Of course if you're not going to
       | exercise and are okay with 50th percentile health, ya carbs will
       | hurt you then because youre not using them.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | The discussion seems unduly focused on lipids, whereas I would
       | think that _blood pressure_ would be a, if not _the_ , primary
       | concern.
       | 
       | Also for those who _do_ take blood pressure medication: _never
       | quickly change the dosage_ , and especially _never quit taking_
       | it w /o supervision!
       | 
       | I've seen several untimely deaths b/c someone ran out of their BP
       | medication and could not get to a pharmacist quickly enough.
       | Alternatively the person became irritated with the medication and
       | simply stopped taking it.
       | 
       | Maybe part of starting BP medication should be the doctor giving
       | you a "safety package" that includes a full month's worth of the
       | drug and is to be put on a shelf somewhere where you can get to
       | it should your usual prescription run out.
        
         | maxnevermind wrote:
         | I was also surprised by that. It is relatively cheap to measure
         | as you can just buy BP monitor and do it yourself at home.
         | Considering that high BP is very often asymptomatic, I, for
         | example, even feel better with high BP, many people walking
         | around accumulating damage for years. Not to mention it also
         | goes with a baggage of other side-effects like increased
         | chances of a stroke and kidney failure. For some reason it hits
         | differently when you go eat something salty or drink coffee or
         | get all stressed out for now reason and then see increased BP
         | with your own eyes. That was what motivated me to stick to a
         | better diet, cut caffeine and chill out.
        
       | Beijinger wrote:
       | There is an old pharmaceutical product that was available in
       | Germany, but can not be obtained anymore. Ouabain /Strophanthin
       | 
       | "Ouabain /wa:'ba:In/[1] or /'wa:beIn, 'wae-/ (from Somali
       | waabaayo, "arrow poison" through French ouabaio) also known as
       | g-strophanthin, is a plant derived toxic substance that was
       | traditionally used as an arrow poison in eastern Africa for both
       | hunting and warfare."
       | 
       | It was later found naturally occuring in the human body:
       | 
       | Key Paper: Gottlieb SS, et al. "Elevated concentrations of
       | endogenous ouabain in patients with congestive heart failure."
       | Circulation. 1992;86(3):846-849. Details: Researchers measured
       | plasma EO in 21 patients with severe heart failure (NYHA class
       | III-IV), finding mean levels of 1.59 nM--over 3x higher than in
       | controls. EO correlated inversely with cardiac index (r = -0.62)
       | and positively with mean arterial pressure, but not with atrial
       | pressures, suggesting a compensatory role in cardiac output
       | regulation rather than simple volume overload.
        
       | tamimio wrote:
       | Heart disease is the leading cause for death, but the root cause
       | is definitely obesity. There's a an obesity-pandemic that no
       | one's talking about it, there should be a national program that
       | encourages people getting fit and discourages them from getting
       | obese. And by encouraging/discouraging I don't mean some random
       | posters posted around, no, things like tax cut for fit people,
       | free access to xyz if your bmi is less then abc, cheaper flights
       | and insurance if you are fit, and so on.
        
       | dtgriscom wrote:
       | > The best time to make the decision to not die of heart disease
       | and start taking action is in your 30s and 40s.
       | 
       | And the second best time is now.
        
       | aucisson_masque wrote:
       | > I experienced this repeatedly. We were admitted to the hospital
       | for over a week when my daughter contracted viral meningitis (the
       | scariest experience of my life). Even while working with
       | incredible infectious disease doctors, I still had to fight and
       | constantly remind people what the next steps were during our
       | admission. Nobody is watching over you - it's your job to
       | organize things and ensure they're on track. I had to coordinate
       | between the infectious disease departments and neurology
       | departments and make sure the people doing the lumbar puncture on
       | my 9-month-old daughter weren't just residents practicing on my
       | child but experts who had conducted the procedure countless times
       | before. You must Advocate for yourself and the ones you love.
       | 
       | Don't know why his behavior wasn't noticed more in the comments
       | but he's absolutely entitled.
       | 
       | Hospitals and everything have limited resources, by being the
       | asshole who request things to go fast for him and only have the
       | best of the best to practice on his daughter, he just deprived
       | someone else daughter from good care.
       | 
       | This is selfishness, unless the nurses and doctors were napping,
       | he shouldn't have that kind of behavior detrimental to everyone
       | else. I couldn't read further what he got to say but, coming from
       | this man, i don't see how it could be interesting or useful.
       | 
       | I don't have anything to prove it but the whole thing smell
       | fishy, when he goes to these 'concierge doctors', of course they
       | are going to find things that are not right and were 'missed' by
       | his regular doctor. That's literally their business.
       | 
       | if you went there and you were told 'nop, everything is fine.
       | Keep doing what you do', you would go back to your GP and forget
       | about it. But if he frightens you with bloodwork that show 'not
       | optimal' in big red, tells you how wrong your gp is and how you
       | should listen to him, you're going to think this guy know so much
       | more and deserve my money. It's business.
       | 
       | I trust the national health guidelines: eat healthy, do at least
       | 30 min of activity per day and lift weights.
       | 
       | Everything else feel like nuisance, especially coming from folk
       | like that.
        
         | mceachen wrote:
         | You're conflating advocacy, which indeed he is entitled to,
         | with how the hospital is allocating resources and if and how
         | they apply competent resources.
         | 
         | Life or death procedures aren't a time for "you get what you
         | get and don't have a fit."
        
         | pcl wrote:
         | [delayed]
        
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