[HN Gopher] Understanding traffic
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       Understanding traffic
        
       Author : kunley
       Score  : 20 points
       Date   : 2025-11-03 11:55 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dr2chase.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dr2chase.wordpress.com)
        
       | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
       | > Car throughput is maximized at around 30-35mph
       | 
       | That's funny. That means that the interstates are optimized for
       | speed, not throughput. I believe it, it's just counter-intuitive.
        
         | Noumenon72 wrote:
         | Optimizing them for speed makes them flexible: when they're not
         | full, you can go fast, and when they're full, they can degrade
         | gracefully to 30-35 mph.
        
       | Noumenon72 wrote:
       | > If a straight stretch of road has 4 intersections with stop
       | lights for cross traffic, and one of those lights is green for 20
       | seconds for the straight road and green for 40 seconds for the
       | cross traffic, then the end-to-end throughput of that road
       | (ignoring turns on/off for the sake of simplicity) is 1/3 of its
       | hourly capacity, or 600 cars per hour. Widening the road won't
       | fix that intersection.
       | 
       | I don't see how the intersection affects road-widening
       | calculations at all. Doubling the lanes will double the
       | throughput, to 1200 cars per hour. We weren't expecting widening
       | the road to also eliminate red lights.
        
         | dr2chase wrote:
         | author here, you are right, I missed that. In my pathetic
         | defense, the normal argument around here (Cambridge, MA) is
         | about literal lane widening and narrowing, and not adding and
         | subtracting.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | is the relationship between lanes and throughput linear? even
         | where it's illegal people will change lanes and do all sorts of
         | suboptimal things with the additional space; particularly if
         | people need to shift multiple lanes to be in the correct legal
         | lane.
        
       | IcyWindows wrote:
       | I don't understand the bicycle density numbers in the article.
       | 
       | At high speeds, bicycles also have to spread out. Add the bike
       | trailers mentioned, and it seems even more unlikely.
        
         | dr2chase wrote:
         | Hi, author of the article. I'm assuming urban traffic speeds,
         | which is what I observe all the time myself, but you can look
         | at the video of those kids, and count, and look at the seconds.
         | 125 bikes in 45 seconds, between 0:02 and 0:47. Understanding
         | it is another issue, but it's a fact. (This is one of those
         | things that I do myself and would not claim that I exactly
         | understand the details, I just do it.)
         | 
         | There have been more academic studies. e.g.
         | https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/5_Zhou-Xu-Wang-and-Shen...
         | estimates 2512 bicycles per hour per meter of road width, or
         | 7536 bikes per hour on a 3-meter (10 feet) wide lane. That's
         | only 4.2x car throughput, versus those kids who managed 5.5x.
         | 
         | You are right about the trailers, but at least where I ride,
         | they are not common-case for carrying things, lots more cargo
         | bikes instead, and those are "better" than trailers -- it's
         | possible to ride two cargo bikes side-by-side even in a US
         | protected lane (specifically on Garden Street in Cambridge,
         | MA), though this of course assumes competent riders.
        
       | Straw wrote:
       | This doesn't mention the most economically sound and complete
       | solution to traffic: dynamic congestion pricing on roads.
       | 
       | Due to the effects described in the article, entering a road
       | that's close to congested imposes negative externalities due to
       | the delay on everyone behind you, even higher if you are pushing
       | the road below optimal throughput. Push that externality into the
       | price, and suddenly drivers will change their behavior in the
       | desired fashion:
       | 
       | 1. People will move their travel to less expensive times. Even if
       | no other change occurs than people waiting for prices to fall,
       | the roads operate at much higher throughput due to never getting
       | into the region of diminishing throughput.
       | 
       | 2. People will carpool/vanpool/mass transit- no need for any
       | special treatment for transit, a bus with 50+ people can simply
       | outbid most cars on the road for space, even accounting for the
       | difference in road space taken by the bus. With the economic
       | incentive in place, you'd even expect private buses/etc to pop up
       | spontaneously. Right now, its rarely worth it to pool/bus- it
       | adds extra time for you, but the benefit to the road you never
       | see. With proper pricing, its still faster to take a car, but a
       | lot more expensive- and the carpool/bus/etc is still probably
       | faster than driving would be with congested roads.
       | 
       | 3. Similarly, the high prices will incentivize alternatives such
       | as biking, subways, etc, and give very good information on
       | exactly what routes are in high demand when, estimates of how
       | much an improvement would be worth, etc.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | This will only affect poor people. Rich people will continue
         | driving everywhere they want as if it didn't exist.
        
           | Straw wrote:
           | At high demand times, you have to be very rich indeed to
           | outbid a full bus without even thinking about it. There
           | aren't enough people who can do that.
           | 
           | But say this does happen a lot-this means rich people pay
           | enormous road use fees, which can then be used for road
           | maintenance, construction, and improvement, as well as other
           | transit infrastructure!
           | 
           | So, the rich willingly subsidize infrastructure for everyone?
           | Seems like a win-win!
        
           | yesfitz wrote:
           | The same can be said of any tax meant to curb a behavior (sin
           | tax).
           | 
           | What traffic-reducing policy would you suggest such that all
           | people are affected equally?
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | There is a floor to this; there are people so poor they can't
           | afford the ongoing expense of a car at all.
        
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