[HN Gopher] UK outperforms US in creating unicorns from early st...
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       UK outperforms US in creating unicorns from early stage VC
       investment
        
       Author : mmarian
       Score  : 52 points
       Date   : 2025-11-06 20:01 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cityam.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cityam.com)
        
       | fourseventy wrote:
       | According to the article in the past decade the UK produced 57
       | unicorns, and the US produced 762. I wouldn't really call that
       | outperforming.
        
         | daanbread wrote:
         | They pretty clearly state their metric for performance is
         | "unicorns per $1bn" (3.08 vs 1.22).
         | 
         | They're suggesting dollars invested in UK startups are more
         | likely to create a unicorn than those same dollars put into us
         | startups, hence higher performance.
        
           | jimnotgym wrote:
           | Presumably because VCs in the UK are so much more risk
           | averse? They only invest in 'sure things', potentially
           | missing out on other opportunities.
        
             | nailer wrote:
             | Also if the UK investor says "we'd love to invest, can do
             | the whole round, want you to send us your current cap
             | table, we need to get the deal done before April because we
             | have capital to deploy before end of the current financial
             | year" don't actually expect the funds.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Could you explain this?
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I assume too good to be true.
               | 
               | I had the misfortune to be pitching to VCs in the UK, the
               | money was so expensive that it's just not worth it, much
               | better off moving to the US if you can.
        
             | FloorEgg wrote:
             | I know nothing about UK investment culture, but I have been
             | building startups for 15 years, volunteered for multiple
             | accelerators, made angel investments and rubbed shoulders
             | with many US VCs.
             | 
             | My impression of the US VC industry, especially near the
             | end of the zirp era and even more especially during covid,
             | the amount of VC capital being deployed far surpassed the
             | number of competent VCs or startup founders.
             | 
             | Many VCs were making decisions based on factors that were
             | NOT correlated with future venture success. Many VCs in
             | fact probably biased companies away from future success,
             | because they didn't understand what they were doing and
             | their instincts from prior industries or investment regimes
             | were directly the opposite of what was needed for an early
             | stage startup.
             | 
             | In other words, there is risk aversion, and there is
             | foolishness. I know for a fact there was a lot of
             | foolishness going on in us VC investing (I even
             | participated in some of it, learned from it, and I know
             | better now).
             | 
             | I'm not just talking about VCs throwing money at anyone
             | with a pitch deck. I'm talking about VCs having a backwards
             | understanding of what makes startups successful and
             | actively pressuring startups that could have worked into
             | doing the wrong things.
             | 
             | There is a core of US VCs that are the world leaders in
             | what they do, exceptionally aware of what makes startups
             | successful and have the track record to prove it - this
             | minority is overwhelming responsible for the industry's
             | ROI. There is also a massive graveyard of fools who tried
             | to replicate that success and failed for a variety of
             | reasons.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | If they are able to scale at that ratio it will be
           | noteworthy. It is quite unlikely though.
        
             | idle_zealot wrote:
             | Well, yeah. Presumably the way they achieve a good ratio is
             | by being more discerning with their investments. If you try
             | to scale that you get the US's numbers as you throw money
             | at anyone with a pitch deck.
        
           | wakawaka28 wrote:
           | That might be a case of selection bias. The only reason to
           | put up with UK regulations and other issues is if you have a
           | compelling reason to do so (compared to similar
           | opportunities).
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | Quite typically the highest return investments are picked
           | first; as such there is a diseconomy of scale, it should be
           | of no surprise that the ROI decreases as investment scales.
           | Perhaps instead of thinking of it as a sign of efficiency it
           | should be thought of as an underdeveloped market with the UK
           | foolishly leaving money on the table.
        
             | hshdhdhehd wrote:
             | Also it is not measuring average returns per $ but returns
             | split by company then a vector operation of ceiling (1bn)
             | divided by my 1bn then aggregated.
        
           | aiauthoritydev wrote:
           | Thats a dumb metric. It is like saying conditioned on a
           | doctor saw you, how many people were saved. You gotta count
           | folks who died because they did not see the doctor too.
           | 
           | Some of the unicorns could be simply rent seekers making
           | money by colluding with government people. Investors saw them
           | sure shot and hence invested. That model is neither scalable
           | not healthy.
        
         | impossiblefork wrote:
         | Yes. If the UK matched the US per capita it'd be ~285 unicorns,
         | so it's actually performing at 37%.
        
           | kazinator wrote:
           | But a per capita figure is diluted by how big of a tech
           | sector that country/region has relative to the rest of its
           | economy. The more people work outside of that sector, the
           | lower is any per-capita figure from tech. Fewer lines of code
           | written per capita, fewer bugs per capita, ...
           | 
           | The figure per invested dollar is much better: how many
           | unicorns emerge per billion of investment money.
           | 
           | Those who chase unicorns are mainly investors (plus people
           | who want to join startups that become unicorns). That figure
           | is directly relevant to them.
        
             | physicsguy wrote:
             | The tech sector in the UK is pretty big but also massively
             | finance weighted. And salaries a lot lower than the US so a
             | $ investment goes further. At my company a few years ago
             | our one developer in Boulder earnt more than our head of
             | software in the U.K.
        
       | 0xy wrote:
       | Satire?
        
       | BrenBarn wrote:
       | I don't really see this as a positive thing.
        
       | anon291 wrote:
       | The main difference between the US and the UK is that American
       | startups are building platforms for the world, whereas UK ones
       | often consume those platforms. The platform holder holds the
       | strategic keys. The efficiency of the market system is irrelevant
       | to simple dominance. This is the same issue with other startup
       | hubs, like Singapore, Bangalore, etc.
        
         | MadDemon wrote:
         | Do you have something to back up this claim?
        
       | tjwebbnorfolk wrote:
       | UK is desperate to have something going for it right now. Just
       | let them have this one.
        
       | Xss3 wrote:
       | 2 british blokes in a shed doing what an entire team of corporate
       | engineers cant is an incredibly strong part of British culture.
       | They strive to be scrappy. They dont like making a show of
       | things. They dont like to ask for more.
       | 
       | Essentially they draw a hell of a lot of national pride from this
       | 'doing more with less' attribute. It came about out of necessity
       | during ww2.
       | 
       | Is it really surprising that this culture produces companies that
       | manage to do more with less? No.
       | 
       | Germany has a strong safety and reliable robust engineering
       | culture of ensuring things are always done perfectly to spec. Is
       | it surprising their companies have a reputation for making
       | reliable machines? No.
       | 
       | Does British scrappiness and pride in their modesty mean they're
       | somehow better than other cultures that prefer to go all out
       | about things? No.
       | 
       | Sometimes you just cannot do something with 2 brits in a shed
       | taking pride in their modesty and NEED that american
       | exceptionalism and balls to the wall with everything attitude to
       | get things done.
       | 
       | Thats one reason that i believe america produces more unicorns at
       | a faster rate relative to population than the UK, Americans
       | believe in themselves harder and go big or go home more often
       | with less reservations.
       | 
       | As an investor it shouldn't make you consider the UK any less
       | risky, as Brits may go modest and go home just as often as any
       | American company can goes big then home.
        
         | matt-p wrote:
         | I'm a brit.
         | 
         | There's more than an element of truth to this, we do not always
         | dream big enough or take enough risk. We are efficient and
         | frugal sometimes to a fault.
         | 
         | However it's not the whole story, there are actually people who
         | want to swing for the fences, but who cannot and ultimately end
         | up either scaling back, failing, or moving to the US. There
         | isn't good access to early-stage funding here, and there is no
         | real ecosystem either.
         | 
         | We have absolutely _obscene_ amounts of untapped potential, it
         | 's infuriating.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | > _Essentially they draw a hell of a lot of national pride from
         | this 'doing more with less' attribute. It came about out of
         | necessity during ww2._
         | 
         | Two of my best success stories are along those lines, and I
         | thought might hit favorable "10x" and "startup agility and
         | resourcefulness" notes.
         | 
         | But in the US, I think the stories often land with the unspoken
         | reaction of, "strange flex, bro: if that company were better,
         | it would have raised more, and had rapid growth of headcount,
         | on the way to a successful exit."
         | 
         | This might be a good application of LLM to large text corpus:
         | label instances of US startup people of the past 2 decades
         | (i.e., ZIRP, followed by crypto and AI gold rushes) speaking of
         | how much they raised, and also label instances of them speaking
         | of how scrappy they were with limited resources. Compare.
        
         | fidotron wrote:
         | Yep, as a brit abroad I tend to think the brits end up on the
         | side of excessive tightfistedness too often for their own good.
         | Their approach also does not scale up well, since they optimize
         | at too small a size.
         | 
         | One big upside of UK business culture that I don't see much of
         | anywhere else is once your proverbial two guys in a shed are
         | making something useful then people do come out of the woodwork
         | to help. The US seems to do that through investments, but the
         | UK it's often customers deliberately paying more than they
         | might strictly have to. I think everyone that has seen success
         | of this form has stories of customers showing up and writing
         | cheques bigger than the amounts asked for.
        
       | JCM9 wrote:
       | The article is a case study in playing with statistics to give
       | the message you want. A different, and simpler, way of saying the
       | same headline is that it's much harder for ideas to get
       | investment in the UK.
       | 
       | While the "unicorns per dollar invested" stat looks good the
       | "good ideas killed off because someone didn't invest" stat looks
       | really bad.
       | 
       | The US market doesn't pride itself purely on unicorns created,
       | but on the fact that it's a vibrant ecosystem that invests in
       | ideas even if they might not become a unicorn. That fact seems
       | lost on the meaning of the headline.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | If you're investing, this is a solid argument you should
         | consider a UK VC over a US one.
         | 
         | Same data, different perspective and probably more the angle
         | they were going for. Obviously ROI is ultimately what matters
         | but risk tolerance is a thing.
        
         | Capricorn2481 wrote:
         | > The US market doesn't pride itself purely on unicorns
         | created, but on the fact that it's a vibrant ecosystem that
         | invests in ideas even if they might not become a unicorn. That
         | fact seems lost on the meaning of the headline
         | 
         | That just seems like spin on what is essentially burning cash.
         | I don't think it's a morally superior posture to invest in
         | things that fail. I assure you VC's are turning down plenty of
         | things because they don't seem like unicorns.
         | 
         | I mean Sequoia invested with SBF while he was playing league of
         | legends in his pitch meeting. We're not dealing with geniuses
         | here.
        
         | flir wrote:
         | UK's financiers have always been risk averse.
        
       | michaelteter wrote:
       | Does "unicorn" really mean anything beyond "can play investment
       | game"?
       | 
       | It seems like the tech version of the quarterly earnings per
       | share game that has ruined Wall Street and publicly traded
       | companies for the last 25 years.
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | There's this class of article which is just X is the most Y. One
       | of the things I like to amuse myself with is to pick a random
       | city X and type in "top city for" and see if there's an article
       | for it.
       | 
       | e.g. Fremont was the top US city for startups
       | 
       | https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/10/09/fremont-ranked-top-u-...
       | 
       | Appleton, WI is the fifth best place to live in America
       | 
       | https://www.nbc26.com/appleton/study-finds-appleton-is-the-f...
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | fake news.
        
       | SunshineTheCat wrote:
       | Boasting a stat like who has the most VC backed "unicorns" is
       | like ranking cities in a state by how many lottery winners it
       | has. Let's see a chart comparing the number of top "bootstrapped"
       | businesses and I have a funny feeling the result will be much,
       | much different.
        
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