[HN Gopher] You can't cURL a Border
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       You can't cURL a Border
        
       Author : valzevul
       Score  : 432 points
       Date   : 2025-11-04 00:37 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (drobinin.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (drobinin.com)
        
       | clacker-o-matic wrote:
       | that was fascinating; I didn't realize border requirements were
       | that complicated.
        
         | rmunn wrote:
         | It grows exponentially the more countries are involved. I am a
         | citizen of country A but live and work in country B, and I have
         | to satisfy country B's visa requirements, which involves quite
         | a bit of paperwork. I also have to pay taxes to country A,
         | which involves more paperwork. It gets complicated.
         | 
         | But I'm only dealing with the requirements of _two_ countries.
         | The author mentioned five or six countries; I 'm glad I'm only
         | dealing with two.
        
           | a012 wrote:
           | I've never worked in 2 countries but there are many countries
           | that have DTA (https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/international-
           | tax/internationa...) so theoretically you only pay taxes to
           | one country at a time, wouldn't it be simpler?
        
             | buildfocus wrote:
             | This typically means they agree you don't get double
             | charged (so you can claim taxes paid in one back in the
             | other) but they both still want you to complete the
             | paperwork regardless. Saves money, not time.
        
               | swiftcoder wrote:
               | Don't get double-taxed on income, specifically. You may
               | still get double-taxed on investments, property, wealth,
               | etc depending on which pair of countries
        
               | rmunn wrote:
               | When I moved from country A to country B, I shipped quite
               | a lot of stuff (books, board games, etc) that was too
               | heavy to take on the airplane and which I could live
               | without for a month or two. Country B did not charge me
               | customs duties on my books, but _did_ charge me customs
               | duties on my board games; I think they must have looked
               | at how many I had and thought  "There's no way this is
               | personal possessions, he's bringing this into the country
               | to sell them." I decided not to argue with them about it,
               | so I got double-taxed on some of my property (sales tax
               | on it in country A when I bought those games, then
               | customs duties in country B years later).
               | 
               | P.S. My collection of board games is not particularly
               | impressive for a board gamer: it's in the double digits,
               | but not in the triple digits. I know some board gamers
               | with far more games than I have.
        
             | rmunn wrote:
             | I still have to submit the paperwork that says which
             | country my income was earned in, which is basically the
             | standard tax paperwork from country A plus an extra form or
             | two. (And in years when I went to country A on business
             | trips, it's non-trivial. Simple enough, but not as trivial
             | as years when I was in country B the whole time). It's not
             | extremely burdensome, but it's still one more piece of
             | paperwork to keep track of than the tax paperwork that
             | people who have never left country A have to deal with.
        
             | jwr wrote:
             | If you are a US citizen, US taxes you on your worldwide
             | income, so you have to file regardless of where you live.
             | And filing in the US is the actual burden, not the taxes
             | themselves -- inscrutable tax law and byzantine forms mean
             | that you can't file yourself (you pay tax-filing companies
             | to do that for you) and your tax returns easily reach
             | hundreds of pages.
             | 
             | US screws its expats in a big way.
             | 
             | The club of countries that do this includes: United States,
             | Eritrea and Myanmar.
        
               | gear54rus wrote:
               | The thing is, only the US can realistically know your
               | worldwide income. And only due to its banking cronies it
               | intimidates into submission worldwide.
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | > I am a citizen of country A but live and work in country B
           | [...] I also have to pay taxes to country A, which involves
           | more paperwork.
           | 
           | Isn't that the case only when country A is the USA? AFAIK,
           | nearly all countries in the world tax only residents, not
           | citizens, so in most cases you'd only have to fill tax
           | paperwork (and pay taxes) for country B.
        
             | tow21 wrote:
             | Only if you're only talking about income from work. If you
             | own property in country A which you rent out while you live
             | & work in country B, then you probably still owe tax on
             | that rental income in country A. (but it will depend on the
             | exact wording of the relevant DTA if one exists)
             | 
             | And since you are now filling in two tax returns for
             | different countries, with different tax allowances across
             | rental income and work income which interact in decidedly
             | non-linear fashion, you probably need to make sure both
             | country A and B have no confusion about where your work
             | income was earned.
             | 
             | Having spent the last 8 years obsessively counting days
             | across the UK and Finland (and every other country I have
             | visited) exactly to account for this scenario, I am very
             | sympathetic to attempts to solve this problem space!
        
               | cesarb wrote:
               | > If you own property in country A [...]
               | 
               | But then, that's because you own property in country A,
               | not because you're a citizen of country A! The same would
               | happen if you were a citizen of country B, lived and
               | worked in country B, but bought a house to rent out in
               | country A.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | Now try international taxation rules (particularly if you come
         | from one of the handful of countries with world-wide taxation,
         | like the USA!)
        
         | philipallstar wrote:
         | The more you travel (or immigrate) the more you realise the
         | government probably needs less money than it gets, just better
         | spent.
        
           | eptcyka wrote:
           | Which government?
        
             | philipwhiuk wrote:
             | every government.
             | 
             | Waste is inevitable.
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | Look, I actually like that my municipality pays a salary
               | to city ecoligist that makes sure, the sparrows living in
               | a bushes dont get disrupted too much when new train
               | tracks are laid down
        
               | philipwhiuk wrote:
               | Yeah I mean this is why regulations are hard. Someone's
               | "this is an important environmental concern" is another
               | person's "anti-growth NIMBYism"
        
               | Muromec wrote:
               | You have a point -- if nimbysts had their way, the whole
               | place would not even exist, as the referendum rejected
               | it. On the other hand, when there is such a person making
               | sure that environmental concerns are addressed, it turns
               | nimbysm from a roadblock to a stakeholder.
               | 
               | In the end the sparrows got their bushes and we got our
               | train and the bridge has a place for bats to nest and all
               | that.
        
               | poncho_romero wrote:
               | Then you agree that whatever replaces it will be wasteful
               | too
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | Working at a company in Norway hiring lots of internationals,
         | I've heard so many stories. I'm myself born here, but to
         | foreign (EU) parents. Getting a citizenship for me was quite
         | "easy" (in the sense that I didn't have to do anything or be at
         | someone's mercy, just had to apply), but still lots of
         | bureaucracy. For instance, I had to order a transcript from the
         | police saying that I hadn't committed certain crimes. This
         | document I would have to bring to my appointment for
         | citizenship _at the police station_. But the document had a
         | short expiration date, and didn 't know how long it would take
         | to obtain or not when my appointment would be. So it's a gamble
         | if you hit the timing, shrugs. I think however they now just
         | pull up the records themselves instead of doing this weird
         | dance.
         | 
         | One coworker had lived her for many years on a string of
         | temporary working visas. He was then eligible for a permanent
         | one, and applied. However, while that was processing, he kinda
         | was in limbo. Still legal to live and work here, but somehow
         | wasn't guaranteed entry if he were to leave for a vacation /
         | visit his home country/family. I don't know the exact details,
         | but so weird how he suddenly was stuck here for months, with
         | many delays. In the end he needed to travel for work, and our
         | company sent a letter and his application got fast tracked.
        
           | ncruces wrote:
           | My country just had a minister appointed who's sole mission
           | is to spearhead a system that no government agency can demand
           | from you a document that belongs to any other government
           | agency, so long as you authorize both agencies to talk to
           | each other for the purpose.
        
       | oarsinsync wrote:
       | Huge respect to the author for the details that have gone into
       | this. I'd spent a week hammering at a Claude max 20x plan to try
       | and build schengen 90/180 rolling window + tax residency in a
       | couple of countries tracker... and that was hard work. I can only
       | imagine how much effort has gone into this, to get all the
       | details right.
       | 
       | It's unclear whether the author wrote all of this themselves, or
       | if they outsourced a bunch of it to Claude. My experience with
       | Claude was that it was terrible at writing code to do the math,
       | even when I explained what the calculation needed to be, what the
       | input was, and what the expected result was. It ultimately took
       | starting a whole new project just to do the rolling window
       | calculation, and then have that fed back in.
       | 
       | My biggest question for the author, if they happen to see this,
       | is: how much manual testing validation did you do of the outputs
       | the app produces? IE: Did you do the inputs + transformations =
       | output calculations yourself as well, counting days on calendars,
       | etc, to validate that the app is actually accurate? (That was the
       | only way I developed any faith in solution I made for myself,
       | which is way less impressive than your app). Regardless of
       | whether you wrote the code yourself or not, a thorough test
       | harness feels vitally important for an app like this.
        
         | davedx wrote:
         | When I've worked on complex scheduling problems like that I use
         | copious unit tests, they're perfect for this kind of
         | input->algo->output problem where algo has tons of edge cases.
         | 
         | Indeed, not using unit tests and instead trying to manually
         | test all the cases sounds crazy to me!
        
         | gommm wrote:
         | I tend to find that for things like this that are really math
         | heavy, it's usually better to create a DSL (or create easily
         | readable function calls, etc) that you can easily write
         | yourself instead of relying on AI to understand math heavy
         | rules. Bonus points, if the rules are in an easily editable
         | format, you can change them easily when they need to. It seems
         | that was the path the author took...
         | 
         | And yes this kind of use-case is exactly where unit tests
         | shine...
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | I do the opposite, set up everything myself in terms of
           | architecture/design of the software, so the AI can do the
           | boring boilerplate like "math heavy rules". Always
           | interesting to see how differently we all use LLMs.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | > create a DSL (or create easily readable function calls,
           | etc)
           | 
           | These aren't really that different. Consider the history of
           | the earliest (non-assembly) programming languages,
           | particularly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedcoding , as
           | well as the _ideas_ expressed by Lisp.
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | > that was hard work
         | 
         | I'm sorry. I don't want to fight here, but you have literally
         | just said you paid Claude to do the thinking for you (except
         | for some math), yet you're talking about this like you're some
         | kind of scientist; or that you've done this extensive, in-depth
         | work.
         | 
         | You made an AI vibe-code an app in a week and now you're
         | impressed someone else was able to do it better?
         | 
         | Am I missing something? Is it maybe just your writing style
         | that makes it come across so "from your high horse"?
        
           | flumpcakes wrote:
           | This task seems like something a competent Excel user could
           | create. I think the hard part is knowing the rules and the
           | corner cases than any of the "math" (just addition and
           | subtraction, surely) required.
        
             | andai wrote:
             | How do you encode Gregg's sausage roll in .xls? ;)
        
               | jon-wood wrote:
               | You joke, but because it is actually possible - you have
               | a regularly updated sheet which contains all your bank
               | transactions (my bank will continually update a Google
               | Sheet for me if I ask), and then you do a lookup for a
               | Gregg's transaction on the relevant day.
        
             | woodson wrote:
             | But that's the thing, there are no guarantees that the
             | corner cases were actually handled correctly. Especially if
             | it was AI coded without review by a subject matter expert.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | I understand the sentiment, but I come to HN largely to
           | _avoid_ that tone in Internet commentary.
        
         | skrebbel wrote:
         | I'm not sure I'm reading this right but are you saying that an
         | AI made you dumber and then you complain that the AI is too
         | dumb? That sounds like a lose-lose deal tbh.
        
       | evadne wrote:
       | This is an impressive article, & is incidentally why every sane
       | set of rules has administrative discretion in its enforcement
        
       | exidy wrote:
       | It's a cool app, and makes me wish that Australian tax residency
       | rules were actually computable.
        
       | bambax wrote:
       | There's some similarity between nationality and copyright:
       | arcane, obscure, complex and mean rules that only benefit
       | incumbents and punish everyone else.
       | 
       | I hope we will eventually get rid of both.
        
         | teiferer wrote:
         | At the rate things are going, even EU and Schengen, areas in
         | which their citizens are blissfully unaware how nice they have
         | it compared to outsiders, are going to come to an end. Far-
         | right nationalists are on the rise over Europe.
        
           | hdgvhicv wrote:
           | They just lost ground in the Netherlands, losing about 1/3 of
           | their voters from last time (down from 24% to 17%)
        
             | teiferer wrote:
             | I like your optimism, but this is likely an outlier. Any
             | little mistake the sitting governments are making will push
             | the far-right to new highs, and there is no reason to
             | believe there won't be mistakes. There will be plenty. So,
             | that's the fuel that keeps coming.
             | 
             | Now you need a lighter to set this all on fire, and we can
             | see it grow in front of our eyes. The bigger the AI bubble
             | grows, the more it will all come crashing down, and the
             | next economic crisis will find all the EU countries (and
             | not just those) ready for a far-right takeover. It's just a
             | matter of time.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | The European far right are not exactly fans of the EU, but on
           | the whole they are much more concerned about immigrants from
           | low-trust Muslim societies than from EU countries (high-trust
           | "Christian" societies)
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | It doesn't even take the far right winning to unravel the EU.
           | Both France and Germany, the economic pillars of the EU are
           | facing _massive_ budget challenges due to aging populations,
           | high energy costs and trade
        
             | teiferer wrote:
             | Though Germany and France are essentially the pillars of
             | the EU. That's where it started and as long as the far
             | right doesn't make it to the steering wheel, they will keep
             | it that way.
        
         | lionkor wrote:
         | Do you dislike copyright also when it protects your
         | intellectual property, and makes things like software licenses
         | possible?
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | If I couldn't use the AGPL to force Amazon to release
           | Elasticsearch, but they couldn't use normal copyright to
           | force me not to reverse engineer Alexa and Widevine, would it
           | be that bad?
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | It wouldn't be bad. We have more than enough resources to
             | reverse engineer most software, yet we're restricted by
             | arcane EULAs and DRM.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | And so much "FOSS" is MIT anyway. Abolishing copyright
               | would make literally no difference to MIT-licensed
               | software.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | There's hundreds of millions of starving people ready to move
         | to the first country that does it.
        
       | raverbashing wrote:
       | The problem with those rules is that they "all make sense"
       | somewhat (and where details might have been influenced by local
       | idiosyncrasies) locally but if you mix and match them then it
       | gets weird
       | 
       | But the trick here is: if you're relying on the details for your
       | benefit then make 100% sure it's provable (though tbh legal proof
       | is less - and different - than what your HN commenter might
       | understand). Or just make it easy on yourself and don't rely on
       | them
        
       | caminanteblanco wrote:
       | I just realized this was the same author who made the apple watch
       | integration for their gym entry system, I loved their writing
       | then, and I loved it here!
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44910865
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | Regarding the writing, I'm the opposite.. but I can't point out
         | why I don't like it.
         | 
         | Maybe because the author is trying to sound sleek and sexy,
         | "look at me, jetset international traveller", although the
         | topic is so nerdy and dull, and the bragging feels off-putting
         | to me.
         | 
         | (My opinion. Did I need to share it? probably not. Flag away if
         | you think so)
        
           | davedx wrote:
           | No I agree, tone and context matters for technical writing
           | too.
           | 
           | Digital nomads gonna digital nomad...
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | You've illuminated the issue for me. He's asking "What, you
             | don't have the problem of needing to stay sweet of tax and
             | visa regulations when you need to make a split-second
             | decision whether you can spontaneously travel to Iceland?".
             | 
             | And it's not even a "sexy" problem.. it's bureaucracy!
        
               | justsomehnguy wrote:
               | > whether you can spontaneously travel to Iceland
               | 
               |  _on a budget._
               | 
               | At least this is what it triggered for me.
        
             | jen729w wrote:
             | > Digital nomads gonna digital nomad...
             | 
             | People who enjoy travelling gonna travel...
        
         | sd9 wrote:
         | I'm a PureGym member. I just memorised the 8 digit number that
         | never changes and I input it manually. It takes seconds. I
         | agree that the official app is garbage. I just don't want or
         | need to get my phone out at all.
        
       | FearNotDaniel wrote:
       | > buy a sausage roll at Greggs
       | 
       | If that's the first thing he thinks of while transiting through a
       | UK airport, he deserves a citizenship, no questions.
        
         | BerislavLopac wrote:
         | The Life in the UK test certainly needs updating.
        
         | evertedsphere wrote:
         | claude is nothing if not sensitive to cultural differences
        
       | fragmede wrote:
       | What a great ad for a great product!
       | 
       | Shame we hate all advertising here though, except for the ones it
       | turns out we do like. Humans are fickle that way, I guess.
       | 
       | If only there were some sort of organization that wanted to unite
       | the nations together, that would have been the best place for an
       | app such as this to happen from. Ah well, I guess late stage
       | capitalism is the only way to get anything done.
       | 
       | I just came back from a passport using vacation too! Thankfully
       | mine wasn't anywhere approaching complicated that would have
       | needed this app, but I have done that before.
        
         | swiftcoder wrote:
         | Are you always this cynical? The article is interesting on its
         | own merits, that the author is also selling the app (outright,
         | I might add, not subscription-based!) is neither here nor there
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | You'd think so, but there's always people complainers that
           | something is an ad. It just happened to be my turn. Mostly
           | because the type of person who would complain that something
           | is an ad and raise a fuss wouldn't complain about this one,
           | and was feeling like pointing out that hypocrisy.
           | Unfortunately I didn't strike the exact right tone for the
           | peanut gallery. Maybe I'll have better luck next time!
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | "Unfortunately I didn't strike the exact right tone for the
             | peanut gallery"
             | 
             | Right tone depends on site. "Smug + cynical" could be a
             | great fit on X or Reddit, but HN isn't really built around
             | this sort of discourse.
        
               | ikamm wrote:
               | I can't tell if this comment is actually serious. This
               | place is often smugger and more cynical than Reddit,
               | which says a lot.
        
         | throw-the-towel wrote:
         | What late stage capitalism? This is literally some guy hacking
         | some stuff together.
        
           | actionfromafar wrote:
           | Yeah... this site is 1000 more late-stage capitalism than
           | that guy.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Having to rely on "some guy hacking some stuff together", in
           | _2025_ to avoid accidentally violating visa or tax or some
           | other bureaucratic minutia when there 's many governmental
           | bodies/organizations that should have be doing that work
           | since before the Internet even existed seems just totally
           | fine to you? How is this not a free app from some department
           | of the UN? Probably more complicated than "because free apps
           | don't make money", but that is something that late stage
           | capitalism abhors.
           | 
           | I'm not trying to tear down this guy's work, it's a great bit
           | of writing, both English and code, and I'm okay with that
           | pricing model.
           | 
           | What happens when he gets something wrong, simply gets tired
           | of it, or retires, or there's a bus incident?
        
       | motiejus wrote:
       | It's fascinating that cURL is becoming a genericized term:
       | 
       | - search it on a search engine -> google it
       | 
       | - fetch it from an API -> cURL it
        
         | strix_varius wrote:
         | "curl it" has been a common (tech) term for at least 15 years:
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=5&prefix=true&que...
        
       | caminanteblanco wrote:
       | It wasn't super obvious reading the article, but the app the
       | author made is available for anyone to download.
       | 
       | https://drobinin.com/apps/residency/
       | 
       | If I wasn't on android and decidedly sedentary at the moment, I'd
       | love to see how it works.
        
       | kitd wrote:
       | I wonder if this is something that could be built on top of
       | Google location tracking. Presumably there's not enough info
       | there by itself, but basic time/position data should be
       | sufficient.
        
       | FinnKuhn wrote:
       | This made me appriciate the amount of visa-free travel my
       | passport allows me on a whole new level. Figuiring these things
       | out seems possible, but so inefficient and time consuming.
        
       | apexalpha wrote:
       | I had no idea travel was this difficult for people who aren't EU
       | citizens.
       | 
       | Wow, I'm almost annoyed on the authors behalf of how much hoops
       | there are to jump through.
       | 
       | >To apply for British citizenship, you need to prove you were
       | physically in the UK on your application date but five years ago.
       | Not approximately five years, not that week--that exact day when
       | you press "submit" on the form minus five years. Miss it by 24
       | hours and your application is reject after months of waiting, and
       | you have to pay a hefty fee to re-apply.
       | 
       | That's a hilarious requirement. I wonder how that ended up in
       | there.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Guessing it stems from "we need something dead-simple to
         | evaluate that yields a definite yes-or-no answer, with no
         | annoying variables."
         | 
         | I'm trying to think of some other reason they might want a
         | specific moment rather than "pick your own instant within this
         | span", but I can't think of anything. Even if it was to "make
         | sure you aren't claiming the same time on two applications to
         | different places", the person could have simply staggered the
         | applications.
        
           | SecondHandTofu wrote:
           | The other reason is more mundane. There's been a lot of
           | political incentive to reduce immigration for a long time,
           | which means adding arbitrary friction to increase the effort
           | of applying and decrease the number of successful applicants.
           | 
           | Whether this is _effective_ is a different question, but
           | certainly it's gotten a lot harder in recent decades, even
           | pre-Brexit.
        
             | poncho_romero wrote:
             | That explanation doesn't seem to jive with the fact that
             | post-COVID the UK has accepted millions of immigrants
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | it does, if the alternative would have been "more
               | millions"
        
               | hrimfaxi wrote:
               | That millions were accepted says nothing about the
               | process having changed for the worse.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Do you think applying on February 29 is allowed?
         | 
         | Note also that this isn't a travel requirement.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | It depends on where you're going and what you're doing.
         | 
         | A lot of this faff isn't relevant if you're not applying for
         | any visas or citizenship. Which is most people, most of the
         | time.
         | 
         | The obvious solution to most of these problems for most people
         | is "don't cut it close to any of the limits". If you enjoy
         | traveling a lot, that's definitely a problem, but most people
         | don't cross borders often enough to run into this many corner
         | cases.
         | 
         | This is only a small peek into the awful bureaucracy that will
         | hit Europe if extreme right wing parties keep gaining
         | popularity across the EU. The extra calculations Brexit
         | imposes, but not for every country you travel through!
        
           | miyuru wrote:
           | > A lot of this faff isn't relevant if you're not applying
           | for any visas or citizenship. Which is most people, most of
           | the time.
           | 
           | That's true for many, but my passport isn't very strong, so I
           | still have to deal with a lot of paperwork for most transits.
        
             | rjmunro wrote:
             | If your job is travel, like you are an international truck
             | driver or maybe aircrew, these kinds of things might affect
             | you a lot sometimes.
             | 
             | There's probably special rules for those people in some
             | places, which makes the situation even more complicated.
        
         | 317070 wrote:
         | First, the author is actually wrong. The date is not 5 years
         | before you submit, but is 5 years before the form is received
         | by the home office! So there are a few days of uncertainty,
         | depending on how fast Royal Mail was with the physical
         | documents.
         | 
         | Additionally, I did a request for my information from the home
         | office prior to filling in my form. After all, you have the
         | right to request the information they have on you that will be
         | used to verify your form. Kafka would be proud.
         | 
         | Let me tell you, Home Office doesn't have a clue where you were
         | 5 years ago. It had approximately 50% of my trips, and
         | frequently only had only one leg of the journey. Plane, ferry,
         | train, sailboat, ... it didn't matter. It seems like they have
         | not been keeping the information very well.
        
           | jakub_g wrote:
           | > It had approximately 50% of my trips, and frequently only
           | had only one leg of the journey
           | 
           | Relevant current news: Home Office denying child benefits to
           | 1000s of people because they had incomplete data of people
           | vacation trips, so people were thought to have emigrated and
           | never returned [0]. Some people who never even left (due to
           | cancelled flights, denied boardings etc.) were also affected.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2025/nov/01/hmrc-
           | likely...
        
             | zarzavat wrote:
             | This is because the UK doesn't have exit checks. They rely
             | on airlines to submit the information to them.
             | 
             | I guess this makes sense when you consider that there's an
             | open border with Ireland. Though you'd think that the UK
             | and Ireland could get together to track exits...
        
               | jen729w wrote:
               | The UK's borders used to be hilariously lax. In 2000 I
               | travelled a lot. To leave, as you note, you just left.
               | 
               | To return, you'd walk past a man at Heathrow who was
               | invariably reading the paper. He had his feet up on the
               | desk. You were walking at a clip, passport held aloft,
               | photo page ostensibly open towards him.
               | 
               | That was it. Immigrated.
        
               | aprdm wrote:
               | In 2014 I landed on either Heathrow or another London
               | airport I don't remember coming from Spain after a
               | vacation
               | 
               | I read on a sign "travellers from Europe this way" and I
               | thought ok my flight came from Spain I'm going that way
               | ... when I saw I was out of the airport with no
               | immigration whatsoever
               | 
               | In hindsight it obviously meant if you're European (which
               | I'm not), I was in shock how easy someone could get in
               | the UK !
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I don't know about UK, but my experience is the signs for
               | EU and non-EU point different directions, but either way
               | you just go through a door that leads to the exact same
               | place. I've been told that when they are looking for
               | "something" they will put extra checks at the non-EU
               | door, but if you have a US passport (I presume other
               | countries like Canada) in hand they will send you through
               | the EU door.
        
               | sksksk wrote:
               | Are you sure your passport wasn't checked?
               | 
               | What you're describing sounds like it was the customs
               | check. Pre-brexit, if you were arriving from the EU, then
               | there was no customs check since we were all part of the
               | same customs union.
               | 
               | The usual flow is
               | 
               | immigration check -> baggage collection -> customs check
        
               | aprdm wrote:
               | Yeah wasn't checked. I'm pretty sure it was a smaller
               | airport than Heathrow. I definitely went through the
               | wrong path out
        
               | strbean wrote:
               | Even if they did check his passport, he didn't have an EU
               | passport so probably shouldn't have been allowed to skip
               | customs.
        
               | somanyphotons wrote:
               | 2 years ago I landed at London City (from Zurich), got
               | off the plane and then we all walked all the way to the
               | exit without being stopped by a single human to check
               | passports or customs. I couldn't believe it.
               | 
               | I am not a British or EU citizen
        
               | walthamstow wrote:
               | 20+ years of lighting our hair on fire over immigration
               | and we still have no idea who is in the country.
        
               | Telemakhos wrote:
               | Starmer addressed this a while back, accusing the Tories
               | of campaigning on reducing immigration while actually
               | running an experiment in open borders. Having made this
               | statement, he then proceeded to do nothing about
               | immigration himself.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/politics/video/2024/nov/28/ke
               | ir-...
               | 
               | It seems to be a bipartisan thing in the UK to recognize
               | that the electorate really doesn't want immigration, and
               | then not to fulfill the will of the electorate. Instead,
               | the politicians use that will to accomplish unrelated
               | goals like imposing a national digital ID.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | > the electorate really doesn't want immigration
               | 
               | Is that the case or is there just a significant minority
               | that cares and the rest are happy enough as things are
               | and would get mad if there was change - thus making their
               | approach rational: get the votes of those who care but
               | don't do anything because then you will be voted out next
               | term.
               | 
               | I don't know myself, but this is something that I've
               | wondered about a lot of issues that I care about where
               | nothing happens. (I've long been on the side of more
               | immigration)
        
               | roelschroeven wrote:
               | Politicians like campaign on reducing immigration because
               | it's an easy thing to campaign on. They don't like to
               | actually do anything about it because (1) it's hard,
               | especially when you want to comply with laws and treaties
               | and (2) effectively reducing immigration could hamper the
               | ability to campaign on reducing immigration.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > It seems to be a bipartisan thing in the UK to
               | recognize that the electorate really doesn't want
               | immigration
               | 
               | Usually, it's not an "inner wish" of the electorate, but
               | the electorate gets manipulated to feel that way by mass
               | media, especially tabloids. Outrage sells, after all,
               | especially when it can be laced to make it more
               | effective.
               | 
               | The problem at the core is that immigration is vital for
               | societies, especially the low-pay-hard-labor segment. Has
               | the UK found a replacement for Ukrainian and Polish farm
               | workers yet [1]?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/aug/15/p
               | ounds-6...
        
               | shrikant wrote:
               | He's done plenty (https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-coming-
               | collapse-in-immigration/), following on from the changes
               | Sunak made, which are already showing up in the early
               | numbers this year.
               | 
               | But of course it's never going to be enough for the
               | noisily anti-immigration lot.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | GCHQ has metadata on all digital communications - even
               | among homeless and immigrant populations have near 100%
               | mobile daily usage.
               | 
               | "We" surely have pretty good information about number of
               | adults in the UK, and if the security services are worth
               | their salt we know their names and associations.
               | 
               | Heck, the main supermarkets can probably tell you within
               | a percent or two what the live demographics of the
               | country are.
        
               | anon98356 wrote:
               | In the context of the issue that doesn't really make
               | sense. The issue is that the home office think you left
               | and didn't come back. How would an exit check tell the
               | home office you have come back into the country?
        
               | zarzavat wrote:
               | In a country that has exit checks, in order to go
               | airside, a border agent will stamp you out and record
               | your exit. If you were to get stamped out and then decide
               | that you don't want to catch your flight after all, you'd
               | have to get stamped back in again (often not a real stamp
               | these days).
               | 
               | In the UK there's no exit checks. The only information
               | they have is that you booked a flight. This is "Advance
               | Passenger Information" which all airlines are legally
               | required to submit. They don't know if you've actually
               | boarded the flight, they just _assume_ that if you booked
               | a flight that it means you left the country.
               | 
               | The exit check doesn't tell them that you've come back,
               | they know that already unless you cross the land border.
               | But it does tell them that you truly left and stop the
               | guesswork.
        
           | shrikant wrote:
           | As someone who's been through that dance twice, it's 5 years
           | from the time (well, day) you press "Submit" if you're
           | applying online, or $RANDOM days of Royal Mail nonsense if
           | you choose to apply by post.
           | 
           | I agree though, the Home Office doesn't have a way of knowing
           | where you were fore sure 5 years ago unless they got someone
           | to go through your "days in and out of the UK" list and
           | vetted/cross-referenced it. And even then it'd likely be
           | incomplete and they'd have to guess.
           | 
           | My surmise is that they look at the level of effort you've
           | put in to filling out that detail, and if the total days
           | in/out isn't particularly a borderline case, then they just
           | wave that bit through.
        
           | throawayonthe wrote:
           | i think they meant online, which could be different?
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | I would have thought that the point is that you're supposed
           | to be there continuously for some considerable duration (and
           | having worked through other processes of legal immigration)
           | before applying for citizenship.
           | 
           | So the idea of trying to figure out exactly which day five
           | years in the past you have to mention seems odd to me. If
           | there's really no care being paid to the intervening time...
           | well if you're trying to exploit a loophole like that I think
           | I'd prefer that it's difficult... ?
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | My guess is that if you need to have been there for 5y, you
         | need to have a way to tell when that 5y starts. I presume it
         | only matters if you apply the day after 5y. When I applied I
         | had been in the UK for over 10y, provided 10y worth of proof of
         | address, and the issue never came up.
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | It's not even hard really, I did it lastyear. I book a visit to
         | the city hall, they look into the address db and see when I
         | registered the first time. I see exactlt the same thing myself
         | when I login into the thing.
         | 
         | The official agrees with me on the appointment date to actually
         | submit the application, that is after cutoff date.
         | 
         | I put a signature on one sheet of paper, pay a thousand and go
         | my way. The thing takes 15 min tops.
         | 
         | But it's continental Europe, not UK
        
         | neximo64 wrote:
         | This is actually standard for other countries too
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | But it is a ridculous requirement. Like having a millsecond-
           | hand one a pendulum clock it appears to be to precise for the
           | timeframe involved
           | 
           | Why not just make it a before-date if you care for someone
           | having been here for a time? So just proof that you have been
           | here X years ago or longer. Totally sufficient and much
           | easier to have at hand.
           | 
           | But this is of course the point. It isn't policy where the
           | state requires a certain thing and all people who fulfill the
           | requirement have a shot. Instead the state makes the process
           | of demonstrating the requirement hard on purpose as a means
           | of reducing the people who get the benefit.
           | 
           | And this idea isn't just unique to the described process. It
           | is everywhere. A bit of friction in certain places is placed
           | there on purpose and it can also be a net positive for that
           | friction to exist. But beyond a certain level it can turn
           | people with rights into beggars.
        
             | eagleal wrote:
             | Immigration laws and memos (aka office procedures) are
             | usually opaque and ambigous by design. Be it for
             | exploitable loopholes that benefit internal production, or
             | whatever.
             | 
             | Speaking of the EU, in Italy specifically for example the
             | naturalization is really opaque and there's no clear
             | process deadlines. While you can submit after 10 years of
             | residence in Italy, with additional documentation from your
             | country of origin, the process of actually getting a reply
             | (denied or approved) may take usualy 5+ years, for some
             | people even a decade because the people that should work on
             | the papers forget them above a desk under a pile of dust
             | for years.
             | 
             | Immagine having only third-world-like country citizenship.
             | It's a travel nightmare.
        
         | philipwhiuk wrote:
         | The point is not to produce a system where a software engineer
         | can loophole the system. The point is to try to prevent people
         | who aren't committed to the UK apply for citizenship.
        
           | dspillett wrote:
           | Yes, but...
           | 
           | Convoluted rules like that smack of the ridiculous literacy
           | tests for voting in the US during the Jim Crow era (if you
           | don't know why the terms "grandfathering" and "grandfather
           | clause" have fallen out of fashion in recent years, go have a
           | poke around that bit of history which is where those terms
           | originate).
           | 
           | Either that or it looks like a dysfunctional overly-
           | complicated system like the mechanisms draw by Heath
           | Robinson, which while better still isn't good. How many good
           | (morally) and useful (i.e. to the economy) people are being
           | rejected because of unnecessary complications like this?
        
         | daveoc64 wrote:
         | >I had no idea travel was this difficult for people who aren't
         | EU citizens.
         | 
         | Most people can't afford to travel to the Schengen Area for
         | more than the visa-free limit of 90 days within a 180 day
         | period.
         | 
         | Those that can are "digital nomads" and are almost certainly
         | working illegally while travelling.
        
           | bluesign wrote:
           | Illegally = like smoking weed in Amsterdam
           | 
           | Except few countries, all EU countries tolerate this
        
             | lelandfe wrote:
             | Although the EES biometric system that _just_ got added is
             | intended to crack down on this
             | 
             | Despite being required to, most crossings I did recently
             | did not use it, though
        
               | bluesign wrote:
               | I think it is more for overstays. Years ago when I asked
               | about my stayed days ( I was traveling a lot ) , border
               | guard took passport and tried to count then gave up
        
           | lmm wrote:
           | > Most people can't afford to travel to the Schengen Area for
           | more than the visa-free limit of 90 days within a 180 day
           | period.
           | 
           | > Those that can are "digital nomads" and are almost
           | certainly working illegally while travelling.
           | 
           | WTF are you talking about? The Schengen Area is right here
           | and you don't need a visa to work anywhere else in it. That's
           | the whole point.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | If you don't live in the EU the rules are different. They
             | often don't care but the rules are there. (I've been sent
             | through the EU citizen line with my US passport which is
             | normally fine but my coworkers on a multi year work in the
             | EU visa have to be more careful about the right stamps -
             | though I'm not sure exactly what this means)
        
             | daveoc64 wrote:
             | If you are an EU citizen (or a citizen of one of the other
             | Schengen Area countries) then yes, you have freedom of
             | movement and can live and work anywhere in the area without
             | a visa.
             | 
             | But the article isn't talking about being an EU Citizen.
             | It's talking about having to count how many days have been
             | spent in the Schengen Area by a third-country national.
             | 
             | Citizens of certain other countries (e.g. the USA or UK)
             | can enter the Schengen Area visa-free for tourism or
             | limited work-related activities (for up to 90 days in a 180
             | day period), but are not allowed to just do whatever work
             | they want to.
             | 
             | Note that the comment I replied to was talking about non-EU
             | Citizens.
        
             | alternatex wrote:
             | They're talking about people from outside the EU
             | presumably.
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | Most of those work restrictions are put in place to protect
           | local labor. They just don't want tourists taking jobs from
           | locals in tourist places without a permit, and without paying
           | taxes. They really don't care much you're doing remote work
           | for a corporation in California or writing a book.
        
             | xyzzy_plugh wrote:
             | Then they should change the laws to match. I've heard this
             | time and time again. All the digital nomads I know are
             | dodging taxes.
        
               | ninalanyon wrote:
               | The number of people affected (in principal that is, even
               | fewer in practice) is likely so small that the political
               | time involved would not be justified.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | Immigration permission to work legally and tax compliance
               | for the earnings are two completely different topics in
               | probably all countries.
               | 
               | Even mostly law-abiding citizens with full work
               | permission often dodge taxes in certain sectors of the
               | economy - a common US example is restaurant workers
               | underreporting cash tips on their tax returns. Plus, in
               | addition to digital nomads, many freelancers (certainly
               | not all) play as fast and loose with the tax rules even
               | in their home countries as they think they can get away
               | with. And much cross-border employment is disguised as
               | independent contracting in ways that dodge employers' tax
               | burdens even when the employee has full work permission.
               | 
               | Conversely, there are already cases where even income
               | earned illegally by visiting foreigners can legally be
               | exempt from a country's taxes. Example: Income earned in
               | Canada by a US resident can qualify for Canada-US tax
               | treaty's exemption from Canadian taxation if the criteria
               | listed in the treaty are met, regardless of whether the
               | work was legal for immigration purposes. (Canada is
               | actually one of the few countries from which foreign
               | tourists can often legally work remotely for employers or
               | clients abroad, but that depends on a lot of factors, and
               | it can also be illegal like in most countries.)
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | > They really don't care much you're doing remote work for
             | a corporation in California or writing a book.
             | 
             | They do, actually.
             | 
             | It's for collecting taxes, which supports local
             | infrastructure.
             | 
             | Going to another country, living within their
             | infrastructure and consuming their services, but pretending
             | that you're not working (and therefore not paying local
             | taxes) is something they don't want.
             | 
             | Digital nomads who abuse the situation like it because they
             | get the benefits of a country (and city, region, etc)
             | without having to contribute to their taxes. Getting
             | California level pay, not paying taxes, and living in
             | what's basically a vacation destination is the digital
             | nomad dream.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | They don't care too much as long as you don't qualify for
               | / consume social benefits like medical.
        
               | bluebarbet wrote:
               | This is not the full picture, as you surely know.
               | 
               | Remote workers from rich countries _do_ pay tax locally,
               | in the form of VAT and sales taxes. And they typically
               | spend far more than locals, on food to accommodation and
               | everything in between, all while requiring nothing of the
               | local welfare state. It 's a direct wealth transfer of
               | thousands per month, earned in one economy and spent in
               | another. In purely economic terms, it's hard to see how
               | this is anything but a good deal for the host country, in
               | the large majority of cases. Hence digital nomad visas.
               | 
               | This is not to say that countries - and societies - don't
               | have the right to allow or deny access to foreigners as
               | they see fit.
        
               | hitarpetar wrote:
               | spending more than locals on rent is actually one huge
               | problem with digital nomads
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Countries usually like tourism, don't they? But tourists
               | are also living there and consuming services with no
               | income tax. What's the difference?
               | 
               | One thing to note is that even if you're not paying
               | income tax there, you're bringing tons of money into the
               | country from outside. So that's worth something.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | Indeed, the author describes a lifestyle I can hardly
           | imagine, and then markets a product motivated by the
           | resulting use cases.
        
           | strbean wrote:
           | Last time I looked was a few years ago, but I was surprised
           | how hard it was going to be to legally live in France while
           | keeping my US tech job. My employer was happy to do what they
           | had to to make it happen, but there just didn't seem to be a
           | route in the French immigration system.
           | 
           | The options seemed to be:
           | 
           | - Get a job in France and get a work visa. This is very
           | difficult due to economic protectionism.
           | 
           | - Come on a tourist visa and not work.
           | 
           | - Be provably independently wealthy and get some variety of
           | golden visa. This meant proving that you had enough assets to
           | live (lavishly I might add) long term without working.
           | 
           | No easy option for "I want to come to your country, get paid
           | USD by a US company, but pay taxes to you!"
           | 
           | I think there have been some new developments regarding
           | digital nomad visas since then. Still, seemed crazy given
           | what a good arrangement it would have been for France.
        
             | carstenhag wrote:
             | It doesn't exist, because it's complex to set up and up
             | until 5 years ago almost no one wanted to do this. Now some
             | people want to do it, and they can use an Employer of
             | Record via facilitating companies. But the visa situation
             | will probably still be difficult, it's pretty much a gap
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | As someone that is about 50, we also had it this way in Europe.
         | 
         | Newer generations don't get how lucky they are to have been
         | born into EU, appreciate it while it lasts.
        
           | jvdvegt wrote:
           | I'm almost 50 and from Europe, never had to think about this
           | stuff for a second.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Well I remember the fun days of crossing borders before EU,
             | ordering stuff from computer magazines from other
             | countries, having to deal how to pay them across countries,
             | and so forth.
             | 
             | I also happened to work in Switzerland, before they made
             | cross-region agreements with EU, and it was lot of
             | burecratic fun, explaining the situation regarding a
             | Portuguese, living in France and working in Switzerland.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | The sane side of the iron curtain. We've envied you for the
             | longest time.
        
             | devjab wrote:
             | I'm mid fourties and I remember bordercrossings were
             | annoying back in the 90ies. I'm Danish so we didn't enter
             | Schengen until around 2000. I guess it didn't help that I
             | was young enough that we traveled by bus. Once when we were
             | on a school trip to Prauge we had the Slovakia borderpatrol
             | go through our entire bus while waving machineguns around.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | > we had the Slovakia borderpatrol go through our entire
               | bus while waving machineguns around
               | 
               | Quite common in Eastern Europe before Schengen. That's
               | why we hate border patrols, police and all sorts of
               | uniformed men in general. They used to cut young people's
               | blue jeans or long hair back in the '80s and bribing them
               | was common before 2005. We also had quite a lot of
               | policemen jokes (they were called militia men before
               | 1990). One goes like "Why do militia men work in couples?
               | Because one knows how to read and the other knows how to
               | write.". I used to wish that we join Schengen so we no
               | longer have to deal with border police any longer and
               | they'd lose their jobs or get moved to a different
               | border. If finally happened. Now Germany Poland, Austria
               | and also other EU states introduce "temporary" border
               | checks. Which they keep extending. Great.
        
               | tmtvl wrote:
               | I thought they worked in groups of 3: one knows how to
               | write, the second knows how to read, and the third is
               | there to keep an eye on the dangerous intellectuals.
        
               | afiori wrote:
               | Germany still does this, to a good fraction of incoming
               | long distance busses (but not trains IIUC)
        
               | bluebarbet wrote:
               | Correct, and not just Germany. I have travelled all over
               | Europe by bus and train. In recent years borders have
               | been making a comeback, despite Schengen. Buses are
               | target number 1 for border police.
               | 
               | Last year my bus took nearly an hour to get across the
               | Serbia-Croatia border, which is technically a Schengen
               | border, but Serbia is surrounded by Europe so security is
               | usually lax. We all had to get off and go through
               | passport control while the police combed the bus.
               | Meanwhile, car traffic was being waved through without
               | the slightest formality. Infuriating.
        
           | EdNutting wrote:
           | As a 29 year old that experienced EU citizenship then had it
           | cruelly taken away by some stupidly thin margin of voters...
           | feckin Brexit.
           | 
           | I get how lucky I was for 25% of my life expectancy.
        
           | Longhanks wrote:
           | Schengen is NOT a EU achievement.
           | 
           | Nations can sign Schengen, but are never forced to join the
           | EU, nations can be EU members but are allowed to refuse the
           | Schengen treaties.
        
         | fergie wrote:
         | > I called the app Residency and you can get it here. No
         | subscriptions, costs less than an airport martini, and you'll
         | likely regret it less a few hours later.
         | 
         | The article is content marketing, so I wouldn't be surprised if
         | the pain points are being talked up somewhat (but who knows?)
        
           | pashky wrote:
           | Anecdotal evidence: timezone-aware precision might be only
           | necessary for those pushing it to very edge of the
           | allowances, but travel log spreadsheet was very very real for
           | me, and everyone else in my own immigrant bubble. I still
           | have it somewhere.
           | 
           | UK officials seem to operate on vibes though, not obsessive
           | precision - I witnessed missed presence days being
           | successfully propped up with a good sob story, but I can
           | imagine it still being useful if you need to appeal a case
           | where vibe turned against you.
           | 
           | Then was a short rest between making oath and Brexit, and
           | here we are at that shit again - spreadsheet is back, and
           | there's a script for Schengen rolling days.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | "Vibes" sometimes work against you. This is a great app for
             | documenting that you met the rules _if_ you need to.
             | 
             | Back in 2000, entry to Canada was based on vibes. I had no
             | idea what I was doing but looking back I don't think they'd
             | let someone in who forgets their DL, passport, and is on a
             | "management consultant visa".
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | > I had no idea travel was this difficult for people who aren't
         | EU citizens.
         | 
         | I traveled before and I traveled after Schengen and the only
         | thing that changed was not having to wait a bit at border
         | control. What the article describe concerns a very small number
         | of people, and exist only because of cheap air travel and
         | internet
        
         | rkwasny wrote:
         | I'll tell you a secret, UK gov has no clue where you were 5
         | years ago :-)
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | It's just as difficult for EU citizens when traveling to most
         | of the world.
        
         | aivisol wrote:
         | > To apply for British citizenship, you need to prove you were
         | physically in the UK on your application date but five years
         | ago.
         | 
         | I am confused whats British citizenship application to do with
         | his, or any travel at all? That's not what you do regularly, I
         | mean most people do not apply for citizenship in other
         | countries ever in their lives? Or am I missing something?
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | He needs to plan travel very carefully in order to not
           | accidentally undermine his citizenship application.
        
         | Scapeghost wrote:
         | Right now the biggest problem in life is the country of my
         | passport.
         | 
         | I have enough in savings and enough passive income to be able
         | to live comfortably almost anywhere, but whenever I talk to
         | travel agents, or people who can help set up companies etc in
         | the countries I want to go to, first they're like "Sure, we can
         | do it, when do you want it" etc and then they ask where I'm
         | from, and when I tell them, they either stop replying or say
         | sorry, they can't help me.
         | 
         | sigh...Racism is a funny thing. They haven't even seen me, or
         | seen my history of travel, or anything, they just stop
         | cooperating when they see that one word, the name of my
         | country.
         | 
         | And I can't blame them either, I know many people from here go
         | and overstay there visas and generally make problems in other
         | countries.
         | 
         | I just wish I could put down a deposit of a few thousand
         | dollars as a guarantee that I'll behave and get a visa.
        
       | bjackman wrote:
       | > ten years of travel history, down to the day
       | 
       | FWIW I have been asked for this a couple of times and I always
       | just included the transits that were stamped in my current
       | passport. Maybe I got lucky but I got away with it...
        
         | klausa wrote:
         | You've been lucky in that the countries you've travelled to all
         | stamped your passport.
         | 
         | This gets much murkier in the EU, or being a non-citizen with
         | Global Entry traveling to the US, etc.
         | 
         | To get a driving license in Japan without having to retake the
         | exam, I had to prove that I lived in the country that issued my
         | license for at least 90 days after I got it (presumably because
         | they had some issues with people getting licenses in
         | jurisdictions that are... easier to get the licenses in.).
         | 
         | This was a _very_ non-trivial thing to do for a document I
         | first got over ten years ago, in a country that is part of the
         | Schengen zone.
        
           | bjackman wrote:
           | No that's what I meant - I just didn't report the countries
           | that didn't stamp my passport. To report dates of entry and
           | exit of every country I've visited would be impossible, I
           | don't think I have that information at all. Quite likely in
           | many cases nobody does.
           | 
           | But yeah I think the place where I got lucky is that nobody
           | ever checked.
        
       | thaumasiotes wrote:
       | > I couldn't find any legit reasons for keeping the "six-month
       | rule" around but it seems like it's still occasionally checked,
       | sometimes even during boarding.
       | 
       | Airlines sometimes check for things during boarding. Those things
       | are never rules outside the context of the airline.
       | 
       | I had an airline require once that I complete a form before
       | boarding that, by the terms printed on the form, expired before
       | the plane landed. That didn't matter to them.
       | 
       | Airlines are clueless. I don't know why they do their imaginary
       | checks.
        
         | lmm wrote:
         | > Airlines sometimes check for things during boarding. Those
         | things are never rules outside the context of the airline.
         | 
         | Nope. Plenty of countries still require 6 months' passport
         | validity to enter.
         | 
         | > I had an airline require once that I complete a form before
         | boarding that, by the terms printed on the form, expired before
         | the plane landed. That didn't matter to them.
         | 
         | > Airlines are clueless. I don't know why they do their
         | imaginary checks.
         | 
         | The airline doesn't give a shit about whether you can legally
         | or practically enter the country they're flying you to. They
         | care about whether they're going to be held liable to
         | repatriate you at their own expense, and their processes are
         | set up to ensure they avoid that. If the requirement on them is
         | that they check your document before you board, they'll check
         | your document before you board.
        
       | wartywhoa23 wrote:
       | That's no travel, that's transfers between cells on a prison
       | planet.
        
         | DaSHacka wrote:
         | Europe in a nutshell
        
       | symbogra wrote:
       | Once you've lived in a few countries you start to see how silly
       | their little rules are. Once you are asking cross jurisdictional
       | questions there is nobody who can give you a correct answer, its
       | all guesswork.
        
       | faeyanpiraat wrote:
       | I cant afford having this problem
        
       | geokon wrote:
       | ive had to deal with a fair share of this messy time logic, and
       | ive found this library really useful
       | 
       | https://juxt.github.io/tick/
       | 
       | if you cant express it with the tools it gives you, it generally
       | means youre making unsafe assumptions
        
       | qwertox wrote:
       | It seems that it has become quite popular that images don't
       | expand anymore, when clicking on them. One needs to use the
       | context menu "open in new tab" to get a properly readable image.
       | Why?
        
         | wodenokoto wrote:
         | I'd say that's pretty good behavior. It used to be common that
         | images would expand in ways that would not allow you to zoom in
         | mobile devices but also not allow you to open the image
         | directly
        
       | reisse wrote:
       | Ah, the classic programmer's mistake of treating complicated
       | human interaction systems as a computer programs.
       | 
       | There is no State Almighty judging you to the last dot of
       | absurdly complicated rules (well, in 99.99% cases when you don't
       | actively look for trouble). Like, if you overstayed Schengen visa
       | for one day because you messed up with counting entry and exit
       | days, but used it otherwise for its intended purpose, the border
       | officer likely won't even notice. Or for tax residence, a lot of
       | countries I know just take what you say about your trips at face
       | value - especially when there is no way to check it.
       | 
       | Just relax. If you don't know how to count your days in Morocco
       | because they changed the time zone in an inconvenient moment, the
       | officer evaluating your documents doesn't know that too. It's
       | truth and best effort that counts.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | It's absolutely not best effort that counts.
         | 
         | I've heard many stories of people overstaying their visa in the
         | US by e.g. one day, by way of a mishap or honest mistake, and
         | subsequentially being denied visas or turned away at border
         | control. The effects of this can go on for years and years...
         | it's basically zero tolerance
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Overstaying _in the US_
           | 
           | Anywhere else, less strict. Still can be problematic yes. And
           | of course depends on the circumstances
        
             | bjord wrote:
             | hate to break it to you, but this isn't accurate
        
             | DownGoat wrote:
             | Its tru for Schengen visas too. Overstaying a day because
             | of a cancelled flight is enough to deny future visas, they
             | are very strict. It depends on the country you are applying
             | to, and from. There are also exit requirements, like having
             | to leave Schengen from the same country you arrived in.
        
         | Danieru wrote:
         | Overstaying a visa is a big deal. You should not be counting
         | days or nights because you should not let yourself be in the
         | country anywhere near the expiry of a visa.
        
           | nmeofthestate wrote:
           | Yes, this feels like calculating to the second when you need
           | to arrive at the airport so you'll spend zero time at the
           | airport.
           | 
           | Instead, arrive a bit early to the airport, and analogously,
           | don't run visas down to the last hour based on the minutiae
           | of Moroccan timezones etc.
        
           | fhub wrote:
           | For USA, A Visa is a right to request entry into the country.
           | The I-94 defines the duration you are authorized to stay. You
           | can have an expired Visa and time left on you I-94 and remain
           | in the country.
        
           | reisse wrote:
           | > You should not be counting days or nights because you
           | should not let yourself be in the country anywhere near the
           | expiry of a visa.
           | 
           | You're privileged if you're able to do so. In many occasions
           | people have single-entry visas with one day leeway from
           | tickets submitted to the consulate.
        
         | jdasdf wrote:
         | >Like, if you overstayed Schengen visa for one day because you
         | messed up with counting entry and exit days, but used it
         | otherwise for its intended purpose, the border officer likely
         | won't even notice.
         | 
         | When that wasn't automated that might have been the case (not
         | that its a good thing).
         | 
         | It's certainly not the case now that there is literally an API
         | that tracks that.
        
         | fauigerzigerk wrote:
         | That's all true until there's a dispute. Being relaxed about
         | these things is a very bad idea if the consequences are
         | potentially severe.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Enforcement is arbitrary and vibes based, but only if you broke
         | a rule. If you didn't break a rule they find it much harder to
         | punish you, no matter what the vibes are. But also if you have
         | good vibes you might not get punished no matter what rules you
         | broke.
        
       | philipwhiuk wrote:
       | If you're trying to engineer loopholes out of citizenship laws,
       | you're going to get yourself pulled aside.
       | 
       | The whole point of these arbitrary rules is entirely to make this
       | sort of shenanigans impossible but to let in people who are using
       | the system for the purpose it was designed.
       | 
       | That's why the rule about 'relevant to your travel' is vague. So
       | that you can't weasel your way through it.
       | 
       | People who write this sort of app think border entry is two
       | doors, allowed and denied. But there's also the guard who stabs
       | people who ask awkward questions and their name is 'National
       | Security'.
        
         | SamBam wrote:
         | No, it sounds like the author is well aware of that, and is
         | instead just trying to get a read on what the gov's various
         | systems are saying about him, so he can stay well within
         | buffers of that.
         | 
         | He explicitly says that none of his data on the app would
         | convince an official.
        
           | fridek wrote:
           | The point is - while all of these systems are fuzzy at the
           | edges, that is not a bug. Letting people reside in a few
           | countries at the same time, and to pick a tax residency like
           | a new winter jacket is a non-objective for the border, tax
           | and residency systems.
           | 
           | It's actually relatively simple to follow the rules that lead
           | you down the well estabilished residency paths if you do the
           | opposite of what the article suggests and leave enough of a
           | buffer for every required number, so you don't need to think
           | about it and the precise count can be handwaved by the
           | officials.
           | 
           | Conversly, if you try to minmax the rules, you might find
           | that most important systems still have an arbitrary human
           | decision maker, who simply decides whether to apply a complex
           | ruleset to the letter, or to be lenient.
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | > No, it sounds like the author is well aware of that, and is
           | instead just trying to get a read on what the gov's various
           | systems are saying about him, so he can stay well within
           | buffers of that.
           | 
           | You don't need an app for that. You just behave like a normal
           | person.
        
             | Hackbraten wrote:
             | Hard disagree. You accidentally break an immigration rule,
             | you face the consequences (if you get caught and the
             | officer is not letting it slide).
             | 
             | No amount of "behaving like a normal person" (whatever that
             | means) is going to save you in that situation.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Unless you're rich, of course.
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | He's not trying to engineer loopholes. He's trying to comply
         | precisely. You are right that there are some genuinely squishy
         | things, but not all of them are. Tax residency is not a
         | judgement call. Overstaying visas or visa waivers is not a
         | judgement call. Residency requirements for immigration
         | applications. etc
        
           | philipwhiuk wrote:
           | > He's trying to comply precisely.
           | 
           | Which is entirely what the laws are trying to stop you doing.
           | 
           | Governments don't want you to be 'just inside', they want you
           | to be well inside.
           | 
           | The number is, for example 159 days in a tax year not because
           | they are happy if you're there 160 days but because they had
           | to draw a line somewhere because text is necessarily precise.
        
       | andai wrote:
       | Who's gonna tell him?
        
         | Muromec wrote:
         | Dont spoil the fun pls
        
       | vbezhenar wrote:
       | Few of my relatives just went to Europe as tourists, threw away
       | their back home tickets and went illegal. After few years they
       | legalised and now citizens. And I'm still here, because I don't
       | want to break the law and I don't have valid legal grounds to get
       | the working visa. It sucks to obey the law.
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | What do you mean by valid legal grounds? For many countries all
         | you need is to get a local job paying above a threshold, that's
         | enough to get a work permit.
        
           | monsieurbanana wrote:
           | You need a work permit to get a job, not the other way
           | around. If you meant a "job offer", yes you can get a work
           | permit with a job offer, but not everybody is that lucky.
           | 
           | If you are on a tourist visa you can't legally get a job then
           | worm your way to a valid work/residency visa. I mean you can,
           | just not legally.
        
             | jrochkind1 wrote:
             | What might be some of the ways GP poster's family managed
             | it?
             | 
             | Pretty much nobody does that in the USA (maybe by getting
             | married? Prob not even that in Trump II), where I am. Come
             | in an a tourist visa, stay over, manage to legalize your
             | stay in a few years and then become a citizen. Nope.
        
               | JuniperMesos wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Guevara_(journalist)
               | this guy spent about 20 years attempting to do exactly
               | that, and was only actually caught and deported last
               | month. In this case, the way he was attempting to get
               | legal citizenship was by virtue of his now-adult children
               | who he and his wife had on US soil, which makes the
               | children legally natural-born US citizens.
        
             | ricardobeat wrote:
             | It varies per country, for example in the Netherlands as a
             | software engineer and other "highly skilled" [1] roles you
             | can get an HSM visa / work permit. I believe Germany,
             | Denmark and others have similar programs.
             | 
             | This is how it works: you interview[2], get a job offer,
             | sign it, then your employer applies for a work permit on
             | your behalf. The only complicated part is collecting your
             | own paperwork. You wait a few weeks/months for approval and
             | move in. It's a lot easier than most people think. The
             | permit is tied to your employment, though it can be
             | transferred, but you cannot get a 'free employment' permit
             | until after five years in the country.
             | 
             | For the EU as a whole, the Blue Card serves a similar
             | purpose but is significantly more difficult to obtain.
             | 
             | [1] There is no skill/merit assessment like the USA, it's
             | solely based on the salary threshold - basically delegates
             | the skill assessment to the employer. Not every company has
             | access to this program, the job must be advertised as
             | including visa sponsorship.
             | 
             | [2] online. Flying over for a final round was common before
             | COVID, I miss those days
        
               | 47282847 wrote:
               | +1
               | 
               | We hired someone from Syria as a small and newly formed
               | company in Germany, and all we had to claim is that yes
               | it is a high skill job above a certain salary threshold
               | and no we cannot find a person available with the
               | required skills in Europe. The visa application process
               | from our side was simple and straightforward, no forms,
               | no fees, just a short letter where they told us
               | beforehand via phone what to write to get it accepted,
               | and it was processed very quickly, a few weeks maybe. We
               | didn't even advertise the job before, it was a
               | position/role created specifically for that person (so
               | from that perspective there was truth behind the
               | statement that we cannot find anyone else suitable for
               | it.)
        
             | embedding-shape wrote:
             | > You need a work permit to get a job, not the other way
             | around
             | 
             | To legally get a job yes, but that tends to not be super
             | effective at stopping people, and even if the job itself is
             | illegal, it can count as something that links you to the
             | society where you want to regularize your situation.
             | 
             | Heavy "it depends on the country" since we're talking
             | Europe-wide here.
        
             | Muromec wrote:
             | >You need a work permit to get a job, not the other way
             | around
             | 
             | Technically yes, but actually no, because you mostly need
             | an employer to sponsor your work permit, unless you get
             | yourself a residence permit that is not job-related.
        
         | anal_reactor wrote:
         | Now I'm curious what countries we're talking about and what's
         | the process of "legalisation"
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | My relatives naturalised in the Spain.
        
         | dlisboa wrote:
         | This is such a common thing and tolerated you have to wonder
         | whether it's actually immoral. I've met many people on my
         | travels who went to Europe on tourist visas, got work and then
         | got to stay legally later. No one was deported.
         | 
         | All of these were people in low-paying services industries,
         | jobs Europeans don't usually want (waiters, cleaners, etc).
         | 
         | The only ones that had issues with immigration were my
         | qualified worker friends who got a work visa and then the
         | company had layoffs while they were there, losing their
         | sponsorship. People with masters degrees who had to scramble to
         | find new work in 30 days or face deportation.
         | 
         | It's hard not to think that's intentional.
         | 
         | I have a nuanced opinion because it's a rather complex subject
         | but it's just a weird thing to have seen happen. As a tourist I
         | had to prove up and down I wasn't going to stay there only to
         | see no one else cares outside the airports. There's obvious
         | wage suppression going on with these policies but these waiters
         | and cleaners also had college degrees from good institutions,
         | probably more qualified than some citizens.
        
           | ohyoutravel wrote:
           | Borders of countries are fundamentally human constructs.
           | There is no morality associated with crossing them legally or
           | illegally. This is the difference between a law declaring
           | something illegal because they think it is better for society
           | (a parking ticket, say) and a law created that require moral
           | turpitude (murder, say).
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | Morality is a human construct as well, so I don't quite get
             | your point.
        
             | DaSHacka wrote:
             | A country with no borders is not a country at all, merely
             | an "economic zone" that can be leached until dry.
        
               | mock-possum wrote:
               | What is the mechanism whereby an economic zone is
               | leached, such that borders would protect it?
        
               | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
               | I don't have hard data yet but I'm pretty sure some
               | cities have suburbs outside them, connected via road,
               | that rich people use as tax havens so they can live near
               | a city without being subject to the laws and taxation of
               | the city
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | Right but if you go into a country then you're in the
               | country, not in the outskirts. You still pay taxes
               | (generally...), and, in many countries, don't get any
               | social services.
               | 
               | If anything, many formally-colonial countries are
               | leeching off their illegal immigrants, not the other way
               | around.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Countries are generally big and with cities on both sides
               | of a border so that doesn't seem like it would be a big
               | worry for them.
        
             | doctorpangloss wrote:
             | Ha ha, "no morality," when it's people you like. You're
             | saying pogroms aren't immoral? That's a "legal" border
             | crossing!
        
           | nicbou wrote:
           | > I've met many people on my travels who went to Europe on
           | tourist visas, got work and then got to stay legally later.
           | 
           | That's completely legal for some nationalities, at least in
           | Germany. SS41 AufenthV allows people from certain countries
           | to come to Germany and apply for a visa there.
           | 
           | A separate paragraph allows people to convert a tourist visa
           | to a residence permit if the reason for the residence permit
           | appeared while they were visiting. For example, going through
           | rounds of interviews, and being offered the job while you're
           | visiting Germany as a tourist.
           | 
           | There are so many other paths, but navigating those options
           | can be confusing.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | The problem is, that only works if your Aufenthaltsbehorde
             | isn't swamped in case load. Unfortunately, the ones in
             | cities where tech workers are wanted are swamped and often
             | times you need a lawyer to file an Untatigkeitsklage
             | (inactivity lawsuit) or threaten to do so to get them to
             | respond.
             | 
             | The Auslanderbehorden are massively understaffed (well
             | below 50% of what would be needed), and work distribution
             | usually is that anything attached with a court deadline has
             | absolute priority, anything from a lawyer comes next, and
             | whatever comes from a generic person or company just gets
             | shifted to "Ablage P" (the paper recycling bin).
        
         | tryauuum wrote:
         | How does this happen? Is there a law which just gives you a
         | citizenship if you stayed for N years?
        
           | embedding-shape wrote:
           | The exact country isn't clear, it depends from country to
           | country. Spain for example have "arraigo social", where I
           | think if you've stayed for 3 years (illegally/legally) and
           | can demonstrate you've ended up in some sort of "link" with
           | Spanish society (like having a permanent job) you can apply
           | for a "temporary residence and work permit". Once you have
           | that, you're legal and you could apply for permanent
           | residence and eventually citizenship, granted you fulfill
           | those requirements.
           | 
           | I have a bunch of friends, with jobs ranging from bartenders
           | to software developers, who've successfully were allowed to
           | stay in the country after doing things that way, initially
           | staying illegally and later regularized their situation.
        
       | fauigerzigerk wrote:
       | > _The app is local by default. [...] Being local also means no
       | liability. Personal immigration history is exactly the kind of
       | data governments might want._
       | 
       | That doesn't seem to be a great argument in favour of crossing
       | borders with this information stored locally on your device.
       | 
       |  _> Keeping it off my servers means nobody can demand I hand it
       | over._
       | 
       | I'm not a lawyer, but I believe that this is completely false.
       | 
       | [Edit] On second reading, I realise that he's just talking about
       | him not being able to hand over the data. This is true. But the
       | user can be forced to hand it over. So I retract that it's
       | completely false, but it's still a very bad idea.
       | 
       | If I was concerned about this sort of thing when travelling, the
       | only sensitive thing I would carry is a password in my head that
       | grants me access to end-to-end encrypted data on some server.
        
         | shortrounddev2 wrote:
         | You're correct. They're assuming that they might be served with
         | a subpoena or warrant or something, but US Customs officials
         | can and will demand the passwords to your personal devices or
         | coerce you into giving your biometrics
         | 
         | https://www.eff.org/issues/border-searches
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | It's a great article... but a strange title?
       | 
       | This is about all the country-specific requirements for tax
       | residency, visas, citizenship, etc.
       | 
       | But I don't know what downloading a border means. The title makes
       | it sound like this is going to be about downloading national
       | mapping data... If the author was looking for an evocative
       | metaphor, I don't think this one works. Maybe it's supposed to
       | refer to:
       | 
       | > _It would be alright with a single source of truth, but all
       | these facts are scattered across (semi)official websites and
       | PDFs, and you 're supposed to figure it out yourself._
       | 
       | But they got those all through... downloading. I.e. cURL.
        
         | cruano wrote:
         | I think it's a reference to those "You wouldn't download a car"
         | memes on anti-piracy campaigns:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Wouldn%27t_Steal_a_Car
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | I had the same association. "You wouldn't cURL a border."
        
         | 8organicbits wrote:
         | I think the title works.
         | 
         | > You can't cURL a border. But you can track your own state
         | carefully enough that when the governments know the answer, so
         | do you.
         | 
         | Maybe API would be a better term, but it's a clever.
        
       | qrobit wrote:
       | Great post! Reminds me of (UK) Passport Application game:
       | https://jameshaydon.github.io/passport/
        
       | cbondurant wrote:
       | This is the kind of app I wouldn't believe could actually exist.
       | Human rules are just so painfully complex and unwilling to agree
       | with the concept of consistency.
       | 
       | Insanely impressive that it works even just well enough that more
       | than just the developer finds use in it.
        
       | bitdivision wrote:
       | Amusingly this appears to block access from the UK.
       | https://archive.ph/pBmlV
        
       | advisedwang wrote:
       | Am I correct in understanding that this App does not include any
       | built in understanding of the rules that you must comply with? It
       | looks like you have to "create a goal" in which you encode your
       | own understanding of the rules you must comply with and the app
       | then checks that against your travel log
        
       | ashellunts wrote:
       | What is the app shown in the screenshot in the article that
       | displays a flight price?
        
       | rjmunro wrote:
       | Why is it that when I travel to certain places I need to ensure
       | my passport has at least n months before it expires? So what if
       | it's due to expire next week if I'm only staying until next week.
       | Even if I'm staying 2 weeks and it expires tomorrow, why does
       | that matter? I guess I might not be allowed back into my home
       | country, but that should be my concern, not the worry of the
       | immigration of the country I am going to.
       | 
       | What kind of illegal immigration / criminal activity does a
       | country prevent, or economic benefit / any other advantage does a
       | country get by enforcing this kind of rule?
        
         | hahn-kev wrote:
         | My guess is that it's because of emergencies. If you get
         | injured and can't or shouldn't fly home then you need more time
         | on your passport. It is also much easier to send you home if
         | you over stay your visa if your passport is still valid. Also
         | the system is setup to give you a visa of a specific length (eg
         | 30 days), they can't just give you a 2 day visa.
         | 
         | Also if your passport lasts for 10 years you've known when it's
         | going to expire for quite a while, they're just expecting you
         | to be responsible.
        
       | senordevnyc wrote:
       | In the US you can just book the error fare immediately and _then_
       | sort out whether you can take it. You have 24 hours by law to get
       | a refund for any airline ticket.
        
       | DelightOne wrote:
       | > This time, I tried to learn from that: facts are stored as
       | instants, reasoning happens in local days of the jurisdiction
       | that cares.
       | 
       | I think that's how the JavaScript Temporal proposal works.
       | Convert your instant to the timezone, make the
       | comparisons/calculations, hope you didn't jump an hour due to
       | summertime, convert back.
        
       | csense wrote:
       | I don't travel internationally. This all sounds like a nightmare,
       | and I'm glad it doesn't affect me.
        
         | anthomtb wrote:
         | I travel internationally. These arcane rules also do not affect
         | me.
         | 
         | Me: Lifelong, native-born citizen of a western nation. 1 or 2
         | international trips of less than 2 weeks each year.
         | 
         | Author: Immigrant to his country of residence. Applying or soon
         | to apply for citizenship or permanent residency. Has taken
         | multiple, lengthy international trips and also appears to have
         | had immigration status in different countries .
         | 
         | Conclusion: If you are more like me than the author then
         | international travel will not require navigation of arcane and
         | contradictory rules.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | My favourite is the Norway visa application. It says you have to
       | bring along a confirmed flight ticket. But it also tells you that
       | you shouldn't pay for your tickets till you have the visa. Oh
       | sure, dude. I'll just tell the airline to hold it for me while I
       | wait 60 days for you to make a decision.
        
       | ifh-hn wrote:
       | I live in the country I was born in and whilst I do travel it's
       | mostly holidays and then if abroad at most once a year for less
       | than 2 weeks. I have no idea what half of the stuff the article
       | is talking about and less about what the app solves. I can only
       | assume it's something so far out of my frame of reference I'm
       | completely ignorant... I don't get it.
        
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