[HN Gopher] From 400 Mbps to 1.7 Gbps: A WiFi 7 Debugging Journey
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       From 400 Mbps to 1.7 Gbps: A WiFi 7 Debugging Journey
        
       Author : tymscar
       Score  : 153 points
       Date   : 2025-11-01 19:50 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.tymscar.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.tymscar.com)
        
       | tripdout wrote:
       | > Running iperf server on the router itself creates CPU
       | contention between the WiFi scheduling and the iperf process. The
       | router's TCP stack isn't tuned for this either. Classic mistake.
       | 
       | Can you elaborate on this? I don't know much about WiFi so I'm
       | curious what CPU work the router needs to do and what wouldn't be
       | offloaded to hardware somehow (like most routing/forwarding/QoS
       | duties can be).
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | It has nothing to do with WiFi even; when running a test you
         | need a server that emits the test data - this could be a
         | standard HTTP server on the internet (in case of public speed
         | tests) or a binary like iperf that synthesizes the test data on
         | the fly.
         | 
         | You need to ensure the server is able to send the test data
         | quickly enough so that the network link becomes the bottleneck.
         | 
         | In his case he was running the test server on the router, and
         | the router's CPU was unable to churn out the data quickly
         | enough to actually saturate the network link (most network
         | equipment does the network switching/routing/NAT in hardware
         | and so doesn't actually come equipped with a CPU that is
         | capable of line-rate TCP because it's not actually needed in
         | normal operation).
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | I had a similar issue but on unifi gateway lite after upgrading
       | to 1gig fibre, I couldn't get above about 250-300mbps, even
       | wired. Everything looked good in the unifi _app_. Turns out in
       | the unifi web UI there was a  "use hardware acceleration"
       | checkbox for the gateway that was unticked and not even visible
       | in the app. Ticked that and now I am getting 900+mbps
       | 
       | I also sometimes have alerts saying more than one device is using
       | the same IP address (DHCP issues) but it won't tell me which
       | ones! At least give me the MAC addresses!
       | 
       | Unifi's stuff is great, but the software is sometimes
       | infuriating.
        
         | scrps wrote:
         | Other trap is some of the unifi features, IIRC their IDS is one
         | of them, will cut throughput if you are running it.
        
           | tymscar wrote:
           | You're right, however, that was one of the reasons I upgraded
           | too. This one can handle the full 2.5 gigs even with IDS on.
        
             | nyarlathotep_ wrote:
             | What hardware are you using? I'm not seeing near my
             | advertised (and previously achieved, via Acer 'Gamer
             | Router') with IDS on.
             | 
             | IDS is probably overkill for a home network anyway.
             | 
             | I recently replaced said router with a Dream Router 7.
        
               | tymscar wrote:
               | The maximum routing speed Unifi Dream Router 7 can do
               | with IDS on is 2.3Gbps according to their spec sheet
        
             | scrps wrote:
             | Ah haven't looked at their current offerings in a while, I
             | am still on the first gen USG 1000fdx but hand-rolling a
             | 2.5 router (Radxa E52C, it's nifty) to replace it when I
             | stop being lazy.
             | 
             | You are right about Unifi's software being pain and I love
             | that they keep changing the UI, the controller on the
             | server side is dependency hell, and mongodb to boot just in
             | case you need to manage n^webscale deployments.
        
       | rconti wrote:
       | I'm lazy so I just fire off the occasional speed tests using
       | Ookla.
       | 
       | It doesn't _really_ seem to matter what channel width or
       | frequency I use, I tend to get around 600Gbps from my iPhone (17,
       | pro).
       | 
       | When you make it a point to ensure you're on the correct AP, line
       | of sight from a few feet away, sometimes I break 1Gbps. I was
       | surprised, watching TV the other day, to randomly get a 1.2Gbps
       | speedtest which is one of the faster ones I've seen on WiFi.
       | 
       | (10gbps internet, UDM Pro, UDM enterprise 2.5Gbps switch for
       | clients, PoE WiFi 7 APs on 6ghz).
       | 
       | Honestly, I'd say overall 6ghz has been more trouble than it's
       | worth. Flipping the switch to WPA2/3 as required by 6ghz broke
       | _all_ of my clients last year, so I had to revert and now I just
       | have a separate SSID for clients I have the energy to manually
       | retype the password into. 6Ghz pretty much only works line of
       | sight and from a handful of feet away. There were bugs last year
       | in Apple's "Disable 6e" setting so it kept re-enabling itself.
       | MLO was bad, so it would stick to 6ghz even when there was
       | basically no usable signal.
       | 
       | Over the course of the past year, it's gotten pretty tolerable,
       | but sometimes I still wonder why I bother-- I'm pretty sure my
       | real world performance would be better if I just turned 6ghz off
       | again.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | >> get around 600Gbps from my iPhone 17
         | 
         | !
         | 
         | What kind of magic iPhone you have? I don't think there is any
         | device to achieve anything close to that today[1]
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | [1] The recently(2024) record is claimed to be at 938 Gbps but
         | it is only to a 12cm distance[2]
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10196331/1/938nbspGb_s...
        
           | vardump wrote:
           | Obviously he/she meant 600 Mbps.
        
         | TexanFeller wrote:
         | I just tested 1700mbits/s from my iPhone 17 PM in the next room
         | over from my Ubiquiti E7 and I don't even have MLO enabled.
         | Something's very wrong if you're only getting 600mbit.
        
         | ukd1 wrote:
         | I get consistently ~1.3-1.6gbps on fast.com with similar setup
         | (10g fiber, UDM Pro, E7, etc). I think where I live there are
         | very few / zero folks on 6ghz...so, win.
        
         | freetime2 wrote:
         | I get 1,700 Mbps on Ookla with my iPhone 17 Pro. This is on
         | 6ghz with line of sight to the AP, with MLO turned off.
         | 
         | I haven't experienced any issues with 6ghz enabled, although
         | honestly there isn't much noticeable benefit on an iPhone
         | either in real-world usage. MLO was causing some issues for my
         | non-WiFi 7 Apple devices - since WiFi credentials are sync'd in
         | iCloud, I found that my laptop was joining the MLO network even
         | though I never explicitly told it to - so I have disabled MLO.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | Optimizing for top speeds is the wrong way of looking at this.
         | 
         | Even the shittiest consumer WiFi will generally give a
         | satisfactory speed test result with decent speeds, despite
         | being completely unusable for anything real-time like video
         | conferencing, Remote Desktop or gaming. Your random high-speed
         | result may very well be down to luck and doesn't represent how
         | stable and usable the connection will be.
         | 
         | In fact what the author does here (crank up the channel width,
         | etc) might do for a good speed test result but will start
         | dropping out with terrible latency spikes and jitter the second
         | he turns away from his WiFi AP.
         | 
         | Smaller channel widths are generally preferable as they provide
         | a smaller top speed but said speed will be much more stable.
        
           | rconti wrote:
           | Sure. Those are also things I optimize for. I'm using 40mhz
           | 5ghz channels and 20mhz 2.4ghz channels. I'm in the 'burbs,
           | but silicon valley, and small lots, so there's definitely
           | some contention for channels. Just sharing my experience.
        
         | Avamander wrote:
         | My MSM560 that's approximately 15 years old can do >700Mbps
         | with a 13 Pro. If you're getting less on newer hardware
         | something is terribly wrong.
        
         | throwaway314155 wrote:
         | > Flipping the switch to WPA2/3 as required by 6ghz broke _all_
         | of my clients last year
         | 
         | All? Really?
         | 
         | > and now I just have a separate SSID for clients I have the
         | energy to manually retype the password into
         | 
         | Type it once and it will be saved, as has been the case for
         | years.
        
           | rconti wrote:
           | Yep! Every single client required the password be typed in
           | again, which is problematic in a house full of wifi devices
           | (~50), some of which don't have keyboards, or have janky
           | setup processes. Surely you're aware of wifi devices that
           | need you to connect to their own SSID to set them up, or
           | require an app and a setup process.
        
             | vlan0 wrote:
             | That's interesting. My testing for EAP-TLS and OWE networks
             | has shown modern clients will simply create another profile
             | when it detects the change in the AKM suite. Hard roam
             | between wpa2/wpa3, but still seem less for the client.
        
         | ashirviskas wrote:
         | Huh, I have a random 2.5G Wi-Fi 6 router with 2.5G provider
         | connection.
         | 
         | I just tested 1.3Gbps through some reinforced concrete on Wi-Fi
         | 6, no line of sight.
         | 
         | Is all that tinkering really needed?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | From how far away?
        
       | eqvinox wrote:
       | > Set transmit power to High
       | 
       | Do NOT do this if you live in a densely populated area (e.g.
       | apartment complex). You'll create noise for yourself and
       | everybody else. Classic prisoner's dilemma - a few people could
       | be assholes and profit from it, but if everyone's an asshole
       | everybody suffers.
       | 
       | General rule on TX power: start on low and increase only if you
       | know (or can confirm) it helps. Go back down if it doesn't.
        
         | neilalexander wrote:
         | This may not help if you can't control your environment. You
         | will often benefit from nearby routers hearing you and each
         | other if you are forced to share a channel with them, as that
         | is what enables the carrier sensing to work correctly.
         | Otherwise neighbouring APs that can't hear your quieter use of
         | the channel may shout over your devices rather than backing
         | off, creating collisions and resulting in retransmits.
        
           | eqvinox wrote:
           | You're describing the situation where the prisoner's dilemma
           | has already gone wrong, with someone else not-nice shouting
           | over you trying to be nice.
           | 
           | In other words: you don't need carrier sensing to work if
           | you're not getting drowned in noise to begin with.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | You can get this kind of interfere even if the signal from
             | the router to your device is sitting just above the noise
             | floor and the property next to you is doing the same thing.
             | Both signals are so weak they get drowned out by an even
             | weaker signal. The router on the other hand can't tell the
             | message is corrupted until your device responds.
        
           | appreciatorBus wrote:
           | If you're using the same channel as a neighbouring router
           | that's close enough to overpower yours then you've already
           | lost, pick a different channel. If you stick to 20 mhz there
           | are plenty options, even more if you are able to use DFS
           | channels.
        
             | martinald wrote:
             | Wifi7 can use 320MHz channels on 6GHz. There's only 1 of
             | those in many locations.
        
               | appreciatorBus wrote:
               | Yes, exactly, this means you shouldn't use 320Mhz.
               | 
               | Find quietest 20mhz available on 5 or 6 GHz. It'll be far
               | more reliable than trying to battle someone over the 320.
        
               | tymscar wrote:
               | But also faaaaaaar slower
        
               | wpm wrote:
               | How likely am I to even detect my neighbors 6GHz network?
               | 
               | I live in a very dense part of Chicago. 2.4 and 5 are a
               | minefield, just a thick soup of interference on
               | everything but the DFS channels (which I get kicked off
               | of too often being close to two airports). While it could
               | be that zero neighbors have 6E or 7 equipment, I find
               | that hard to believe, but nothing comes up on the scan.
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | You control your environment by not adding yourself to the
           | dicks creating the bad environment. Everything else is just
           | rationalizing for your own maximum convenience.
           | 
           | There is no such problem as "you have to shout enough so the
           | others hear that you're there". There's no such thing, by at
           | least 2 different vectors. 1, They hear everyone just fine,
           | weak and strong, all at the same time. 2, It doesn't matter
           | even if they didn't, because you obviously hear them if
           | you're getting clobbered by them, and so your router can
           | channel hop around them even if they don't channel hop around
           | you.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | While indeed you shouldn't fix noise by shouting louder,
             | your justification isn't quite right.
             | 
             | 1. It's the AP that has to decide to change channel, and if
             | you live somewhere with channel contention, from its
             | perspective all channels will be busy. At that point, if
             | your channel appears the _quietest_ (either by being the
             | least noisy or by your clients not being active), then the
             | AP will decide to clobber your channel. Their WiFi devices
             | may also not hear you and won 't back off to give your
             | airtime, even though you hear theirs and give them airtime.
             | 
             | 2. Having your AP change channel (note: channel hopping is
             | something else entirely, which isn't used for WiFi)
             | wouldn't help when all channels are busy. As long as _your_
             | usage appears quiet, _other_ APs will keep moving on top of
             | you during their channel optimization.
             | 
             | For residential, the only solution is to use technology
             | that cannot propagate to neighbors. 5/6GHz and many APs,
             | and good thick walls (mmm, reinforced concrete). WiFi
             | channels is a solution to make a few bits of equipment
             | coexist in the same space, but is of limited use when it
             | comes to segregating your space from that of your
             | neighbors. Especially if you want good performance, as
             | there's very few wide channels available.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Notably even drywall attenuates 5/6ghz to an obvious
               | degree. It's quite useful in apartments.
        
         | russelg wrote:
         | I'm the only person with a router that's broadcasting 6GHz in
         | my apartment complex, so until that changes I'm gonna keep
         | using High transmit power :)
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | Quite right. However, if your wifi bridge has an option for
           | auto tuning the power then that might be a future proofing
           | option, assuming that everyone uses it, which they probably
           | won't _sigh_
           | 
           | If wifi becomes a pain within a shared building then
           | seriously consider ethernet. Slimline stick on trunking will
           | hide the wires at about PS1-2/m. A box of CAT6, solid core is
           | less than PS1/m. You will also need some back boxes, modules
           | and face plates (~PS2.50 each) and a POST tool (fiver?) Or
           | you can try and bodge RJ45 plugs onto the solid core CAT6 -
           | please don't unless you really know what you are doing: it
           | looks messy and is seriously prone to weird failures.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | 'High power' on a router is mostly useful to borderline
             | clients. Without that, they likely won't even be able to
             | see it. It's hard to auto detect that situation initially,
             | since how can you tell someone you can't hear to get
             | louder?
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | There might be more people than you, but 6GHz with wide
           | channels doesn't penetrate very far. You wouldn't be able to
           | see all of the networks, just maybe your adjacent neighbors.
        
         | andix wrote:
         | In my experience concrete walls and ceilings in apartment
         | complexes completely block 5 GHz signals. Even through modern
         | triple glass windows most of signal is lost. I can't receive
         | any other 5 GHz networks inside my apartment, but around 50 on
         | 2.4 GHz, which makes 2.4 nearly unusable anyway.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | This is even more true for the WiFi 7 frequencies at 6GHz
           | 
           | The old tales about interfering with your neighbors,
           | prisoners dilemmas, and claiming moral high ground from
           | setting it to low is old school WiFi mythology that continues
           | to be parroted around
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | In the US, I would venture at least half, if not more,
           | apartment complexes have wood and drywall walls and ceilings.
           | No concrete is used above the first floor.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-over-1
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | For the 6GHz frequencies used, this isn't really as big of a
         | deal as everyone has made it out to be. The advice was shared
         | in the early days of 2.4GHz WiFi with into 3 non-overlapping
         | channels, higher penetration of 2.4GHz signals, and competition
         | with all of the other cheap devices in the 2.4GHz space.
         | 
         | The 6GHz space isn't even competing with classic WiFi. It's
         | really fine. There's no prisoner's dilemma or some moral high
         | ground from setting it to low. It will make virtually no
         | difference for your neighbors.
         | 
         | The real world difference is actually pretty minimal between
         | power settings.
         | 
         | The actual risk with modern hardware is that the high power
         | setting starts running the power amplifier in a higher
         | distortion area of the curve which degrades signal quality in
         | exchange for incrementally longer range.
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | Also, the higher frequencies are much more affected by
           | absorption from little things like "walls" and "trees" which
           | are occasionally part of the RF environment, so you're far
           | less likely to interfere with your neighbors doing this, than
           | you were with 2.4GHz.
           | 
           | Also the reason it makes such an enormous difference to put
           | your AP in the same room, if at all possible. Sneak a cable
           | somewhere, park the AP in the far _corner_ of the room, sure.
           | But with zero walls in between, it 's huge.
        
             | nixpulvis wrote:
             | I love that we're making wifi so high frequency that we're
             | back to running cables to every room.
        
               | tymscar wrote:
               | Running ethernet to every room is always going to be a
               | good idea
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Or conduit so you can run something else too later if you
               | want. There is a reason why commercial almost always does
               | that. But also because they have money.
        
         | noja wrote:
         | > General rule on TX power: start on low and increase only if
         | you know (or can confirm) it helps. Go back down if it doesn't.
         | 
         | The people reading this are techies. Nobody else will do this.
         | Either it should be built into the protocol, or the advice
         | should be abandoned.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | Agree you want TX power as low as you can, but in practice,
         | I've always found there's at least once device in my house
         | that'll benefit from an increased TX power. Also I generally
         | just the FCC in setting reasonable power limits for what 'high'
         | should be.
        
       | loloquwowndueo wrote:
       | Why do people need 2.5Gbps internet access or 1.7 Gbps on a home
       | wifi network? What are folks doing at home?!?
        
         | vardump wrote:
         | To transfer files? Like large virtual machines, huge video
         | files. Backup their files quickly. To support a homelab to
         | learn new skills. To stream uncompressed video. To download 300
         | GB monster games.
         | 
         | Some people can manage with slow network speeds at home, even
         | though 100 Gbps single mode fiber is perfectly doable nowadays.
         | And it's reasonable, because new SSDs do almost 120 Gbps.
         | 
         | 1 Gbps made sense 20 years ago when single hard disks had
         | similar performance. For some weird reason LAN speeds did not
         | improve at the same rate as the disks did.
         | 
         | But then again, I guess many could also still manage with 100
         | Mbps connectivity at home. Still enough for 4k video, web
         | browsing and most other "ordinary" use cases.
        
           | noir_lord wrote:
           | > For some weird reason LAN speeds did not improve at the
           | same rate as the disks did.
           | 
           | When it comes to wired, sending data 15cm is a very different
           | problem than sending it 100M reliably - that and consumer
           | demand for >1Gbps wasn't there which made the consumer
           | equipment expensive because no mass market to drive it down,
           | M.2 entirely removes the cable.
           | 
           | I figured 10Gbps would be the standard by now (and was way
           | off) and yet its not even the default on high end
           | motherboards - 2.5Gbps is becoming a lot more common though.
        
             | Avamander wrote:
             | Most software and CDNs also don't utilise fast connections
             | properly. It's kind-of a chicken and egg situation where
             | hardware doesn't improve because customers don't demand it
             | because software and services can't handle it (and you can
             | start from the beginning).
             | 
             | It is very slowly improving, but by far the fastest widely
             | used services I've seen are a few gacha games and Steam
             | both downloading their updates. Which is rather sad.
             | 
             | Windows Update is slow, macOS update is abysmally slow,
             | both iOS and Android stores also bottleneck somewhere. Most
             | cloud storage services are just as bad. Most of these can't
             | even utilise half a gigabit efficiently.
        
             | walletdrainer wrote:
             | > I figured 10Gbps would be the standard by now (and was
             | way off) and yet its not even the default on high end
             | motherboards - 2.5Gbps is becoming a lot more common
             | though.
             | 
             | All the new MacBook Pros come with 64Gbps wired networking.
             | 
             | With an adapter you can also connect 100GbE, but that's not
             | very special.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | 100Gbps over the LAN is unlikely to do you much good because
           | not only is it expensive to get that kind of bandwidth end-
           | to-end over the internet but most OS' network stacks and
           | protocols (HTTPS/etc) are not efficient enough to take
           | advantage of it (you will be bottlenecked by the CPU). So
           | there is very little consumer and even business (outside of
           | datacenters) demand for it because even just sticking a
           | 100Gbps NIC and pipe in a consumer machine is unlikely to
           | give you any more than 10Gbps anyway.
        
         | threeducks wrote:
         | A few things come to mind:
         | 
         | - Games (400GB for Ark, 235GB for Call of Duty, 190GB for God
         | of War)
         | 
         | - LLMs (e.g. DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp at 690GB or Kimi-K2 at 1030GB
         | unquantized)
         | 
         | - Blockchains (Bitcoin blockchain approaching 700GB)
         | 
         | - Deep learning datasets (1.1PB for Anna's Archive, 240TB for
         | LAION-5B at low resolution)
         | 
         | - Backups
         | 
         | - Online video processing/storage
         | 
         | - Piracy (Torrenting)
         | 
         | Of course you can download those things on a slower connection,
         | but I imagine that it would be a lot nicer if it went faster.
        
           | hectormalot wrote:
           | I have 1Gbit at home, but almost never reach those speeds
           | when downloading games. It's one of those cases where it
           | makes sense (I want to play now!), but I'm under the
           | impression the limit is upstream (at steam most likely),
           | rather than on my connection. (I do get those speeds on speed
           | tests, doesn't seem to be my setup).
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | ISPs happily collaborate with and put speed test servers in
             | privileged locations on their network so you will get
             | higher speeds there even if the actual peering to the
             | outside world is much slower.
        
               | hectormalot wrote:
               | As I was typing this it came to mind. Will test against
               | one of my own servers one of these days to confirm.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | You can try Fast.com (Netflix) or Cloudflare's one which
               | are explicitly designed to work around this by serving
               | the test data from the same endpoints the serve actual
               | customer data, so ISPs can't cheat.
               | 
               | This still doesn't guarantee however that you will
               | achieve this speed to _any_ random host on the internet -
               | their pipe to Cloudflare /Netflix may very well be fat
               | and optimized but it doesn't guarantee their pipe to a
               | random small hosting provider doesn't go over a 56k modem
               | somewhere (I jest.. but only a bit).
        
               | hdgvhicv wrote:
               | Given that whether you get 30mbit or 30gbit from Netflix
               | won't make a blind bit of difference it's not that useful
               | a test. It doesn't do upload either as Netflix is all
               | about consumption.
               | 
               | Test to where you want to exchange high speed traffic.
        
               | daveoc64 wrote:
               | Fast.com does an upload speed test, but it's hidden
               | behind the "Show more info" button.
        
             | Hikikomori wrote:
             | I get full speed on steam downloads, even set the limit
             | lower so youtube doesn't buffer.
        
             | Havoc wrote:
             | Steam is tricky cause it has multiple potential
             | bottlenecks. The steam cache, internet connection,
             | decompression (i.e. cpu) and storage. Often hard to tell
             | which limit you're hitting
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | I have 5 gigabit and usually get ~1.2 gbps, sometimes get
             | up to ~2 gbps from Steam.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | You might check what region Steam is downloading from (it's
             | in settings -> Download or something similar). If it's
             | selected poorly, you might do better by picking one
             | yourself.
        
           | Namidairo wrote:
           | > 400GB for Ark
           | 
           | Ark is a strange case. It compresses very very well. Most of
           | it ends up with compression ratios of around 80%.
           | 
           | > Total size on disk is 628.32 GiB and total download size is
           | 171.42 GiB.
           | 
           | From SteamDB's summary of Ark's content depots.
        
         | yatopifo wrote:
         | I can't comment on the internet, but high-bandwidth wifi helps
         | with VR streaming quality.
        
         | amiga-workbench wrote:
         | To not bottleneck the mechanical hard drives in their NAS, or
         | to download games at a reasonable speed.
         | 
         | Or even just work stuff, I've had to shift around several TB of
         | 3D assets for my job while working from home.
        
         | tonetegeatinst wrote:
         | Homelab or they are into big data set usage.
         | 
         | Or they seed large datasets for other researchers.
        
         | ssl-3 wrote:
         | It's nice to be able to do networked stuff with the network.
         | 
         | 32GB isn't very big these days. In terms of cost, a decent
         | cheeseburger costs more than a 32GB flash card does.
         | 
         | A few months ago I needed a friend to send me a 32GB file. This
         | took over 8 hours to accomplish with his 10Mbps upstream. 8
         | hours! I felt like it was 1996 again and I was downloading
         | Slackware disksets with a dialup modem.
         | 
         | We needed to set up a resumable way to get his computer to send
         | that file to my computer, and be semi-formal about it because 8
         | hours presents a lot of time for stuff to break.
         | 
         | But if we had gigabit speeds, instead? We could have moved that
         | file in less than 5 minutes. That'd have been no big deal, with
         | no need to be formal at all: If a 5-minute file transfer dies
         | for some reason, then it's simple enough to just start it over
         | again.
        
         | tymscar wrote:
         | All the replies you get here are totally valid, but Ill throw
         | in another one.
         | 
         | Why not? Life's too short anyways, and playing around with tech
         | is one of those things that bring me joy.
        
         | tills13 wrote:
         | My anecdata is that I can download a steam or Xbox game
         | (100+GB) in a few minutes. Plus it's just fun. High number =
         | better and all that.
        
         | NoiseBert69 wrote:
         | Shuffle around RAW files if you are doing photography. These
         | are 50-150MB files. A lot of them.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | It is 2.5Gbps internet shared with everyone in the household.
         | Once you start dividing by 4 or 5 people that number doesn't
         | seems that impressive.
         | 
         | It wasn't that long ago "internet" at home is literally just
         | one person using it.
        
         | Knork-and-Fife wrote:
         | This is like asking why would anyone need more than a standard
         | 110v North American electrical outlet in their home? Why would
         | you ever install a higher capacity 220v socket somewhere?
         | 
         | Because it's a utility and there's a wide world of use cases
         | out there.
         | 
         | For electrical maybe someone wants to charge an electric car
         | fully overnight, or use a welder in their garage. Or use some
         | big appliance in their kitchen.
         | 
         | For Internet maybe they make videos, games or other types of
         | data-heavy content and need to be able to upload and download
         | it.
        
       | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
       | Running $60 Mikrotik HEX S 2025 and getting 1.2 Gbps on a "1G"
       | connection !
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | If that router has a 1Gbit port it's physically impossible and
         | likely a measurement artifact.
         | 
         | Actual speed on a 1Gbit port is something like 940Mbps
         | according to experience (I believe the theoretical max there is
         | 970).
        
           | jonathanlydall wrote:
           | Not sure what GP's situation is, but I have a 100Mb/s fibre
           | internet package but all hooked up to 1Gbps capable equipment
           | on my side.
           | 
           | My typical speed test results are around 104Mb/s. Before
           | being upgraded, on the 50Mb/s package I was getting 52Mb/s.
           | 
           | My suspicion is that fibre network operator (OpenServe in
           | South Africa) applies rate limits which are technically a
           | little above what their customers are paying for, perhaps to
           | avoid complaints from people who don't understand overheads.
        
             | somehnguy wrote:
             | 104mb/s is well under the theoretical max of 1gig
             | networking, so you're truly just being limited by your ISP
             | based on the plan you pay for.
             | 
             | The poster above is claiming to see a physically impossible
             | speed on 1gig networking.
        
               | hdgvhicv wrote:
               | The ISP sells a 100mbit package and delivers more than
               | that, as the line speed will be higher and it's just
               | policed in some fashion
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | That's pretty typical. It's similar in the States:
             | Spectrum, for example, generally overprovisions their
             | connections a bit just because customer support is
             | expensive to provide, and when things [ideally] work even
             | better than advertised, support costs go down.
             | 
             | And on that ISP side of things, it's a software-defined
             | limit; it's just a field in a database or a config file
             | that can be tuned to be whatever they want it to be.
             | 
             | But the fellow up there says that they got 1.2Gbps through
             | a Mikrotik Hex S: https://mikrotik.com/product/hex_s
             | 
             | And that's just not possible*. The E60iUGS Mikrotik Hex S's
             | own hardware Ethernet interfaces are 1000BASE-T, and it's
             | simply not possible to squeeze more than 1.0Gbps through a
             | 1000BASE-T interface. (It does also have an SFP port that
             | it has one of is branded as "1.25Gbps," but reality is that
             | it, too, is limited to no more than 1.0Gbps of data
             | transfer.)
             | 
             | *: Except... the 2025 version of the Hex S, E60iUGS, does
             | have a 2.5Gbps SFP port that could be used as an ISP
             | connection, and a much-improved internal fabric compared to
             | the previous version. But the rest of its ports are just
             | 1Gbps, which suggests a hard 1Gbps limit for any single
             | connected LAN device.
             | 
             | Except... Mikrotik's RouterOS allows hardware to be
             | configured in many, many ways -- including using LACP to
             | aggregate ports together. With the 2025 Hex S, an
             | amalgamation could be created that would allow a single
             | client computer to get >1Gbps from an ISP. It might even be
             | possible to be similarly-clever with the previous version
             | of the Hex S. But neither version will be able to do end-
             | to-end >1Gbps without very deliberate and rather unusual
             | effort.
        
           | fulafel wrote:
           | Wired Ethernet is typically full duplex.
        
       | throwworhtthrow wrote:
       | It's wasted effort in the US, since the 2025 budget bill directs
       | the FCC to sell off much of the 6GHz band on which WiFi 7
       | depends.
       | 
       | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2025/07/trump-and-congre...
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | How would that work... will they have to force manufacturers to
         | recall or issue mandatory updates to routers which already
         | support it?
         | 
         | FCC enforcement for interference can work for occasional
         | troublemakers but there's no way they can go after every single
         | consumer who (most likely not even realizing it) bought a 6Ghz-
         | capable router that is encroaching on the now-privatized
         | frequency band.
        
         | rpcope1 wrote:
         | I guess we're going to let AT&T, Verizon and everyone else just
         | squat the entire spectrum. "5G" and the pillaging and theft of
         | spectrum that seems to just sit idle anyways has been such a
         | scam. If they wanted innovation there should be more ISM bands
         | and less dependence being encouraged on wireless providers for
         | "Internet access" as opposed to just biting the bullet and
         | running more fiber and copper. But that would be bad for
         | Verizon, T-Mobile and AT&T's bottom line so obviously we can't
         | do that.
        
         | Phelinofist wrote:
         | Germany also wants to sell the 6Ghz frequencies to MNOs
        
       | hhh wrote:
       | 6Ghz for me causes random latency increases every 10 seconds or
       | so, just had to stop using it because it drives me crazy
        
         | martinald wrote:
         | Mac?
         | https://www.theregister.com/2025/10/23/apple_airdrop_awdl_la...
         | 
         | It's been a problem for _years_. Basically the wifi card
         | switches to another channel to see if anyone wants to do
         | airdrop every so often. It's a bit of a joke to be honest that
         | Apple still haven't fixed this.
        
       | SG- wrote:
       | the 2.5Gbit USB network adapters using Realtek driver are
       | actually bugged on macOS and only max out at 1.9Gbit/sec or so.
       | Sadly the solution has been to use non-realtek 2.5Gbit adapters
       | or simply get the 5Gbit Realtek ones that sell for almost the
       | same price.
        
         | tymscar wrote:
         | Are you sure? I just bought the Ugreen 2.5Gbps yesterday for
         | this, and it uses a Realtek RTL8156BG chip. That's the one I
         | used to get way above 2Gbps straight to the UDR.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | I have a few cheap Realtek 2.5Gbps dongles spread around my
           | house and get 2.3 Gbps TX and 1.9 Gbps RX (running iperf3
           | --bidir to a LAN machine with 10 Gbps).
           | 
           | Still beats Wi-Fi by a mile so I'm not complaining.
        
           | SG- wrote:
           | https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/anyone-seeing-speed-
           | dro...
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Just checked mine...getting exactly gigabit speeds. Weird because
       | everything should be on 2.5.
       | 
       | Guess I need to do some debugging of my own
        
       | kalleboo wrote:
       | I get 1.6 Gbps line-of-sight no trouble with my U7 Pro, but I
       | haven't managed to get MLO working. My only device with MLO
       | support is the iPhone 16 Pro Max, and it refuses to connect to an
       | SSID with MLO turned on...
        
       | drnick1 wrote:
       | > I recently upgraded from a UniFi Dream Machine to a UniFi Dream
       | Router 7
       | 
       | What do these devices do that can't be accomplished by an OpenWrt
       | One + an external AP for less money and fully FOSS?
       | 
       | Another option would be a mini-PC running Linux, but it's perhaps
       | overkill for a domestic router.
       | 
       | Edit: Actually the OpenWrt One does have built-in WiFi, so you
       | don't even need the external AP.
        
         | ishanjain28 wrote:
         | Good band steering and roaming. I would not use openwrt if I
         | had to use multiple APs to cover the area.
        
           | rubenbe wrote:
           | OpenWRT does support 802.11r fast roaming for multiple APs.
           | The problem with OpenWRT is/was the configuration of multiple
           | APs. There is OpenWISP, but they mostly target very large
           | setups (>100 APs). So I built OpenSOHO using the OpenWISP
           | daemons on the AP and a pocketbase frontend.
           | (https://github.com/rubenbe/opensoho). No band steering yet
           | unfortunately.
        
         | riobard wrote:
         | > What do these devices do that can't be accomplished by an
         | OpenWrt One + an external AP for less money and fully FOSS?
         | 
         | Nice UI (as the company is best known for https://ui.com)
        
       | NoiseBert69 wrote:
       | (TLDR: if you want to use bleeding edge technology you must use
       | bleeding edge drivers and firmware blobs)
       | 
       | We have tested WiFi-7 gear in our lab: from the cheapest TP Omada
       | EAP783 to the latest most expensive Cisco AP+Controller.
       | 
       | Our findings:
       | 
       | - Driver quality from the modems is still below average on Linux.
       | If you want to test Wifi-7 go with the Intel BE200 card - most
       | stuff works there. Warning: this card does not work with AMD
       | CPUs.
       | 
       | - We have seen quite a bit of problems from Qualcomm and Mediatek
       | cards. Either latency issues, weirdo bugs on 6GHz (not showing
       | all SSIDs) or throughput problems
       | 
       | - Always go with the latest kernel with the freshest firmware
       | blobs
       | 
       | - MLO is difficult to get running properly. Very buggy from all
       | sides. Also needs the latest version of wpa_supplicant -
       | otherwise it will not come up. And be aware: there are several
       | MLO modes and not all of them offer "two links for twice the
       | bandwidth".
       | 
       | Also expect to hit problems from AP side. If you read the TP
       | Omada firmware changelogs you see that they are still struggling
       | with a lot of basic functionality. So keep them updated to the
       | latest beta versions too.
       | 
       | I use a Qualcomm QCNCM865 in my privat setup with an AMD CPU.
       | Feels like the latest firmware blobs and kernel drivers brought
       | stability into their components.
        
         | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
         | > Warning: this card does not work with AMD CPUs.
         | 
         | what causes that? (I have no idea how wifi cards work)
        
           | bcook wrote:
           | I'm just guessing, but I would say Intel CNVi.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNVi
        
             | NoiseBert69 wrote:
             | That's the reason.
             | 
             | But I can confirm that the Intel BE200 works with the
             | popular Intel n100/n305 Mini Computers.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | As I have been trying to tell the world and keep repeating. The
         | best version and implementation of WiFI 6E is WiFi 7. So if
         | anyone want decent WiFi 7 they will have to wait till WiFi 8.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Went through a similar tuning process with Wi-Fi 6 on OpenWRT
       | recently: https://taoofmac.com/space/reviews/2025/09/14/1630
       | 
       | In my case, I forgot I had to change encryption type to associate
       | at higher speeds.
        
         | tymscar wrote:
         | Oh, good point. That was actually the first thing I missed, but
         | when I created a new Wi-Fi 7-only SSID, Unifi wouldn't let me
         | pick anything lower than WPA3 if I only used 6 GHz. So that
         | sort of fixed itself.
        
       | mstaoru wrote:
       | I brought my WiFi 7-capable ASUS RT-BE96U to Germany (from China)
       | and I proudly notice that my average download speed is up to ~105
       | Mbit from ~95 Mbit with the stock Vodafone router.
       | 
       | "Silicon Valley of Europe", my a*s.
        
       | fulafel wrote:
       | The wifi bottleneck is such a tragedy. We'd otherwise have 10G
       | home broadband probably.
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | There are times when low power is better, because it allows the
       | router to ignore far away clients.
       | 
       | In simple terms, far away = more work to communicate = more
       | airtime = less throughput.
       | 
       | It probably only matters with multiple devices.
        
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