[HN Gopher] A theoretical way to circumvent Android developer ve...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A theoretical way to circumvent Android developer verification
        
       Author : sleirsgoevy
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2025-10-31 20:20 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (enaix.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (enaix.github.io)
        
       | gruez wrote:
       | Sounds like the UEFI shim loader that's signed by Microsoft but
       | can load an arbitrary EFI executable (with some signing checks).
       | The difference is that the UEFI shim loader is endorsed/condoned
       | by Microsoft. What about Google? This seems easily patchable,
       | ostensibly for "security purposes" (eg. disabling loading dynamic
       | code).
        
         | p_l wrote:
         | Microsoft also forces manufacturers to provide an option to
         | reset Platform Key aka SecureBoot "root of trust" key - which
         | is supposed to be not possible in spec-compliant UEFI system.
         | 
         | They don't do it out of goodness of their hearts, which is why
         | it's more solid than relying on goodwill - Microsoft simply has
         | an offering that _depends_ on that for certain high profile
         | clients.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | I suspect it's also a defense against antitrust law suits -
           | lock in was how they got sued for things circa Internet
           | Explorer.
           | 
           | Frankly they should still be getting sued for the way Edge
           | and Cortana are bundled.
        
             | leptons wrote:
             | Then Apple should get sued for bundling Safari, and also
             | for forcing all browser engines on iOS to use Safari -
             | which is way worse than anything Microsoft ever did with
             | IE.
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | Apple does not have a platform monopoly on smartphones
               | the way Microsoft did on PCs.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | Microsoft was convicted of monopolizing the market for
               | IBM-compatible PCs, i.e. not Macs.
               | 
               | Which makes a lot of sense, because you couldn't run
               | Windows on a Mac nor MacOS on PCs from the likes of Dell
               | or IBM, and you couldn't run third party software for
               | Macs on Windows or vice versa. By contrast, you _could_
               | run various types of Unix on a Dell, and run Windows
               | software on OS /2 or DOS software on DOS competitors
               | other than MS-DOS.
               | 
               | That distinction seems like it might be relevant to the
               | current situation.
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | This is utterly irrelevant. I don't know what point
               | you're trying to make.
               | 
               | It remains objectively inarguable that Apple does not
               | have a platform monopoly on (ARM-compatible) smartphones
               | the way Microsoft did on ("Intel-compatible") PCs.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | _Are_ Apple 's phones compatible with other ARM
               | smartphones? Can you install Android or LineageOS on one,
               | or install Android apps on iOS, or get iOS apps through
               | Google Play or the Epic Games store?
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | No. Also irrelevant.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | It seems extremely relevant to the market definition that
               | the alleged alternatives aren't actually substitutes for
               | one another.
               | 
               | If you have a car that runs on diesel fuel and there is
               | only one company that sells diesel fuel, it seems like
               | you want to claim that it's irrelevant and isn't a
               | monopoly because there is another company of the same
               | size that sells gasoline. Is it not relevant that you
               | can't actually use that in your car?
        
               | jcelerier wrote:
               | Yes
        
       | asimops wrote:
       | While it is technically feasible, it is not a good idea to try
       | and find a technical solution to a people/organisation problem.
       | 
       | Do not accept the premise of assholes.
       | 
       | I hope we can get the EU to fund a truly open Android Fork. Maybe
       | under some organisation similar to NL Labs.
       | 
       | --- edit ---
       | 
       | Furthermore, the need for a trustworthy binary to be auditable to
       | a certain hash or something would make banning this a simple task
       | if Google would want to go that route.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > I hope we can get the EU to fund a truly open Android Fork.
         | 
         | How are things in the EU on whether it's legal to buy a SIM
         | card without showing ID?
        
           | jraph wrote:
           | I'm confused, how are those two things related?
        
             | peterhadlaw wrote:
             | Nanny state
        
               | vik0 wrote:
               | More like surveillance state
        
               | ulfw wrote:
               | Which states aren't? And for the love of god do not write
               | US now
        
             | semolino wrote:
             | The commenter you replied to was implying that the EU does
             | not respect the privacy/freedom of mobile device users.
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Okay, thanks.
               | 
               | I was confused bexause anonymity against the state is
               | hardly the only, or even a main point of android forks.
               | 
               | Privacy usually is, but against big tech typically.
        
           | remix2000 wrote:
           | It is neither illegal nor hard to obtain such a prepaid SIM
           | card.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | That very much depends on the country, many require ID.
        
               | Kwpolska wrote:
               | The ID presented at time of purchase does not have to be
               | the ID of the actual user of the card. Your local
               | drunkard will be happy to get $10 to buy a SIM card for
               | you. Or you could visit eBay (or local equivalent) and
               | get a valid SIM card without leaving your house.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The suggestion above wasn't a statement of practicality
               | but rather of EU motivations. Maybe you can also find a
               | drunkard to fork Android for you.
        
               | noosphr wrote:
               | >While it is technically feasible, it is not a good idea
               | to try and find a technical solution to a
               | people/organisation problem.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > The ID presented at time of purchase does not have to
               | be the ID of the actual user of the card
               | 
               | In some EU member states this might be fine, but
               | definitely not all.
               | 
               | > Your local drunkard will be happy to get $10 to buy a
               | SIM card for you.
               | 
               | Buying a SIM card was always the easy bit. Getting it
               | activated may not be, it depends on which country you're
               | in.
               | 
               | https://www.telekom.de/prepaid-aktivierung/en/start
               | 
               | "For the Selfie-Ident you identify yourself with your
               | identity card, passport or residence permit. (Selfie-
               | Ident is currently possible worldwide with the German ID
               | card, residence permit and passport. Alternatively, you
               | can use Video-Ident and identify yourself in a video call
               | with an employee.)
               | 
               | Important: Temporary identification documents are not
               | supported due to internal check. You need a tablet or
               | smartphone with a camera and an internet connection."
        
               | econ wrote:
               | Surely others may use your phone?
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | If you're happy to purchase a SIM card, register it in
               | your name, and hand it to someone else for them to use,
               | go right ahead.
               | 
               | Q: Who's paying the bills for that SIM?
        
               | codedokode wrote:
               | In my country, giving a SIM card to another person who
               | does something illegal, is a crime. No doubt EU might
               | soon have the same law - they are pretty good at copying.
               | 
               | As a result, sites where I could rent a number for
               | verification, now don't offer local numbers anymore.
        
               | asimops wrote:
               | Germany requires ID for all SIMs (for "normal" people).
               | You can buy activated SIMs in every bigger city if you
               | know what to look for though.
        
               | remix2000 wrote:
               | You can use any country's SIM card in any other country,
               | regardless of its registration status.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | ... if you have roaming coverage.
               | 
               | And even in that case, doing this for a long period of
               | time violates most roaming policies
        
               | pohuing wrote:
               | There's eu(maybe even EEA?) wide free roaming legally
               | mandated since I think 2017 or so? But it's not a
               | permanent solution, your second paragraph still holds
               | true.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | I know of some UK SIMs that do not roam.
        
               | scarlehoff wrote:
               | As far as I know it is only EU. Both UK and Switzerland
               | have some operators that roam and some that do not. fwiw,
               | fastweb in Italy provides roaming in both and has a very
               | generous fair usage policy.
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | That's because we are no longer in the EU. Before Brexit
               | they were legally mandated to allow free roaming in the
               | EU. Now they are back to charging whatever outrageous
               | prices they wish.
        
               | gambiting wrote:
               | The only thing that happens is your data becomes a lot
               | more expensive, the card still continues to work as
               | normal. I've not lived in Poland for over 15 years now,
               | and I still have a polish SIM card that I use almost
               | daily - the only thing that I've lost due to roaming long
               | term is cheap data packs, I can still call and text as
               | normal from my monthly allowance.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Maybe in the countries that you are familiar with that is
               | the case.
               | 
               | In some places your plan will be cancelled for roaming
               | beyond a certain number of days or quantity of usage.
               | Telecom laws and polices vary widely.
        
               | qilo wrote:
               | Even with fair usage policy violations (like long term
               | roaming) the prices are still quite reasonable: 1.30
               | EUR/GiB (+VAT); from next year 1.10 EUR/GiB (+VAT).
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_roaming_regu
               | lat...
        
           | asimops wrote:
           | A secure OS is a prerequisite for secure digital services. We
           | can agree on that, right?
           | 
           | The task, therefore, is to convince enough politicians to
           | establish an independent unit that can address this issue
           | without direct political influence.
           | 
           | Fund the unit with enough money so that it can take care of
           | the cybersecurity and sovereignty of _all_ citizens.
           | 
           | A side effect of this would hopefully be that these
           | politicians would then be digitally literate enough to
           | recognize nonsense such as chat control as such and reject it
           | outright. I hope that most politicians would not really want
           | such omnipotent surveillance tools if they could truly grasp
           | their scope.
        
             | IlikeKitties wrote:
             | I must sadly inform everyone here that the EU is pozzed
             | beyond recovery in regards to Google. The reference
             | implementation for the euid project is only available for
             | android and ios and uses the play integrity api which makes
             | usage of it on non google-certified devices impossible.
             | https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-app-
             | andro...
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _A secure OS is a prerequisite for secure digital
             | services. We can agree on that, right?_
             | 
             | Secure for who, and from whom?
             | 
             | Remote Attestation and Developer Verification both make
             | Android OS and platform more secure against malicious
             | actors that would want to defeat the guarantees the
             | platform gives, guarantees that enable secure digital
             | services.
             | 
             | Yes, this includes protecting the banking services and DRM
             | media services and advertising platforms from malicious
             | actors _like you and me_ , who pose a real threat to the
             | revenues of the aforementioned players, by:
             | 
             | - Expecting banking to do security right on their own side,
             | instead of outsourcing it to mobile platform and society at
             | large (like with "identity theft" trick);
             | 
             | - Enjoying entertainment and education in ways the vendor
             | or IP owner does not like or can't be arsed to support, and
             | thus not spending extra on the inferior ways that are
             | supported;
             | 
             | - Not looking at the ads.
             | 
             | Same is with Chat Control. Chat Control improves security
             | of the society against threats such as sexual predators who
             | want to hurt children, or citizens who disapprove of how
             | the current ruling class is governing the people. To
             | effectively provide that security, Chat Control in turn
             | _relies on a secure OS and platform providing secure
             | digital services_ - in particular, secure against those
             | malicious actors that would want to circumvent Chat Control
             | protections.
             | 
             | Is the larger picture clear now? _Security technologies are
             | not inherently good_ , they're morally ambivalent. They're
             | "dual-use". It's important to consider their deployment on
             | a case-by-case basis, always asking who is being secured,
             | and what are the actual threats they're being secured from.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | did you understand and disagree with the third paragraph?
               | if so, could you say in what way it didn't completely
               | answer the question you just asked?
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | > Chat Control improves security of the society against
               | threats such as sexual predators who want to hurt
               | children,
               | 
               | no it doesn't. Chat Control is single-use.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | It does, to some extent. These projects wouldn't have the
               | support they had if they didn't have a plausible way to
               | deliver _some_ improvement along the metrics they market.
               | It 's the outsized harmful impact that's usually just
               | left unspoken.
               | 
               | Also, I'm not saying Chat Control is dual-use, I'm saying
               | _crypto_ is. Chat Control actually needs working crypto
               | to be properly implemented.
        
           | sigio wrote:
           | In many EU countries you can walk into many a supermarket or
           | phone-store and just buy a simcard with cash without
           | questions asked.
        
           | WhyNotHugo wrote:
           | > How are things in the EU on whether it's legal to buy a SIM
           | card without showing ID?
           | 
           | It varies per country. In some you can just buy one (or more)
           | SIM cards at a supermarket without any ID.
        
           | supermatt wrote:
           | There is no such requirement in the EU - it is entirely up to
           | the individual country.
        
         | singpolyma3 wrote:
         | What's wrong with lineage?
        
           | hilbert42 wrote:
           | You have to get some of the big names to unlock the
           | bootloader first. The trend towards locking it off
           | permanently is alarming.
           | 
           |  _Edit: Google could ultimately use that as a lever in
           | licensing deals with manufacturers. It 'd marginalize
           | everything._
        
           | IlikeKitties wrote:
           | It's not a good, secure project by a longshot. There's a good
           | comparison floating around:
           | 
           | https://images.squarespace-
           | cdn.com/content/v1/60f1421e1afcf4...
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | That looks like someone made a list of mostly features
             | specific to GrapheneOS so they could make a chart where all
             | of the other alternatives (including stock Android) are
             | full of red boxes.
             | 
             | Several of those are the _opposite_ of security features,
             | like SafetyNet support, which might be a convenience in
             | some cases but it mostly makes it so you can 't upgrade
             | certain parts of the system to newer versions even when the
             | old versions have security vulnerabilities.
        
               | IlikeKitties wrote:
               | >That looks like someone made a list of mostly features
               | specific to GrapheneOS so they could make a chart where
               | all of the other alternatives (including stock Android)
               | are full of red boxes.
               | 
               | No one else even bothered to make a list.
               | 
               | >Several of those are the opposite of security features,
               | like SafetyNet support, which might be a convenience in
               | some cases but it mostly makes it so you can't upgrade
               | certain parts of the system to newer versions even when
               | the old versions have security vulnerabilities.
               | 
               | Citation needed
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > No one else even bothered to make a list.
               | 
               | That doesn't make the biased list good.
               | 
               | > Citation needed
               | 
               | Are you not aware of what SafetyNet is? It's the thing
               | where Google certifies that the phone is running the
               | software produced for it by the OEM. The problem, of
               | course, being that the OEM stops issuing updates and then
               | the certified version has known vulnerabilities. Which is
               | a lot of the point of wanting to install a newer ROM on
               | such a device, except that then it won't pass SafetyNet
               | because you replaced the vulnerable but certified code
               | with third party code that has the patch but not the
               | certification.
        
               | Itoldmyselfso wrote:
               | Or, far more playsibly, they added to the table features
               | GrapheneOS has, but others don't.
               | 
               | Here's the up-to-date comparison:
               | https://eylenburg.github.io/android_comparison.htm
               | 
               | As far as I know, there is no significant features other
               | distros have that increase their privacy or security over
               | what GOS has. I'm not entirely sure about the SafetyNet
               | thing, but GOS is by far the most up-to-date to the AOSP
               | out of these distros.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | The point isn't that GrapheneOS is bad but rather that it
               | doesn't imply there is anything wrong with LineageOS when
               | it's still better than Android itself.
               | 
               | Moreover, some of the stuff with green boxes is still
               | kind of a privacy fail. For example, with GNSS (i.e. GPS)
               | your device calculates its location from the timing of
               | radio broadcasts emitted by a network of satellites. It
               | has extremely good privacy properties because your device
               | is a passive radio receiver and neither the satellites
               | nor anyone else know you're there when you use it.
               | "Network-based location" can sometimes work when you're
               | somewhere you can't hear the satellites, but now you have
               | Google or someone else building a database of nearby
               | wireless APs etc. in order to make it work, and in the
               | process you're effectively uploading your location to
               | them.
        
               | Itoldmyselfso wrote:
               | GOS developers have said on multiple occasions that they
               | think LineageOS is worse for security than the stock OS
               | on multiple devices, as it doesn't keep up with current
               | privacy/security patches or provide all of the standard
               | protections. The comparison also does bring up these
               | faults. See also https://www.kuketz-blog.de/lineageos-
               | weder-sicher-noch-daten...
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Active installs of LineageOS[1] as reported on official
           | tracker is 4.3m instances right now. An MAU of 5m is like,
           | less than Bluesky, Switch 2 shipped so far, most F2P phones
           | games you've heard of, etc. The leverages it has is that of
           | _a game_.
           | 
           | 1: https://stats.lineageos.org/
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | The same EU that's doing Chat Control?
        
           | rf15 wrote:
           | The same EU of which parts are trying to make chat control
           | work and are once again abandoning it. Politician get this
           | particular fancy idea every other year in all kinds of
           | countries, not just EU. Overreach out of desperation for a
           | problem that cannot simply be solved is wrong but
           | understandable.
        
             | igor_akhmetov wrote:
             | Desperation for what exactly? More control?
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | They are trying to stop crime, including sex/drug
               | trafficking and child exploitation. If you want to have
               | an intellectually honest debate, you need to be clear
               | that private communication apps do make it more difficult
               | for police to conduct legitimate investigations. You do
               | yourself no favours painting all politicians as power-
               | hungry caricatures.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | So do private in person conversations. Going the route of
               | North Korea putting two way speakers in each house would
               | help make those conversations available to the
               | government. Think of all of the child exploitation you
               | could stop by removing any sense of privacy. Of course
               | they would figure a way around this and everyday citizens
               | would have to deal with the lack of privacy but at least
               | they thought of the children so we should keep voting
               | them in.
        
               | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
               | If chat control is a good-faith effort to stop crime, why
               | can't Android developer verification be a good-faith
               | effort to stop cybercrime?
               | 
               | If politicians are not all power-hungry caricatures, is
               | it possible that the same is true for businesses?
               | 
               | Android has millions of users worldwide, many of whom are
               | far less computer-literate than HN users. I think it's
               | very reasonable for Google to put speed bumps in front of
               | malware developers trying to distribute through the Play
               | Store. If you're a half-decent dev, $25 is nothing
               | compared to the opportunity cost of your time in
               | developing your app.
               | 
               | This whole thing seems to be a fairly recent announcement
               | on Google's part, so it's unsurprising they're still
               | hammering out details for hobbyist devs? How about making
               | constructive suggestions for ways that Google can protect
               | ordinary people without stopping power users?
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | I think the issue is not about distribution in the Play
               | Store (I don't actually have any problem with that: their
               | playground, their rules) but the fact that they are going
               | to break sideloading and alternative app sources like
               | F-Droid.
               | 
               | I struggle to see any good-faith need to erect additional
               | barriers to protect users from running the programs they
               | want on devices they own, when you already have to be
               | fairly expert to enable developer mode, install via adb,
               | etc.
        
           | deaux wrote:
           | The same EU that's doing NL Labs, the org mentioned in the
           | comment you're replying to.
        
           | exe34 wrote:
           | The EU is a big place, run by a lot of different people, with
           | true separation of powers. They don't have a president-king
           | who can just ignore court decisions.
        
             | jmnicolas wrote:
             | So we're gonna get access to Von Der Layen Pfizer sms
             | right?
             | 
             | Were you offered to vote for Von Der Layen by the way?
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | For all the disdain I have for her, Von Der Layen is the
               | candidate put forward by the PPE, the majoritarian party
               | in the EU parliament. So, yes, people were indeed allowed
               | to vote.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | She was primarily nominated by the EU council.
               | 
               | The parliament would have picked Weber, but nobody cared
               | since its just there to rubber stamp predetermined
               | decisions.
               | 
               | He was the leader of the party which won the plurality in
               | the elections and had its support. EU had a real chance
               | to move towards becoming a real parliamentary democracy
               | if it went that way.
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | That was the election before the current one. She was the
               | one out forward by the PPE this time and even then she
               | was the second candidate put forward by the PPE after
               | Weber was vetoed by France the previous time.
               | 
               | That's the new Spitzenkandidate system. The council is
               | supposed to pick the candidate put forward by the main
               | political force in the parliament.
               | 
               | The EU is a real democracy anyway. All the members of the
               | council are themselves democratically elected. It has a
               | weird three parts political system but everyone in it is
               | elected or appointed by people elected.
        
               | Certhas wrote:
               | The EU is a parliamentary democracy. Von Der Leyen was
               | proposed by the democratically elected heads of the
               | member states. She was approved by the democratically
               | elected parliament.
               | 
               | The chancellor in Germany is also not directly elected by
               | majority vote but by parliament.
               | 
               | Its a reasonable criticism that the EU structures make
               | democratic legitimisation very indirect, but that is at
               | least partly a result of the EU being a club of sovereign
               | democracies. The central tension was extremely evident
               | during the Greek debt crisis, you have a change in
               | government in Greece, but due to EU level constraints
               | they can't enact a change in policy. More independent
               | power ininstitutions less dependent on the member state,
               | means the sovereign democratic national governments can't
               | act on their local democratic mandates.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | FWIW EU members are sovereign. If they disobey EU laws
               | they can have benefits withheld but they won't be
               | militarily invaded for ignoring EU law the way a US state
               | would (unless they do something military themselves like
               | invading another country).
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > The EU is a parliamentary democracy
               | 
               | Except the are a couple degrees of separation between the
               | democracy part and in the running the EU institutions.
               | 
               | The EU parliament is also a very superficial imitation of
               | a real parliament in a democratic state. It has very
               | limited say in forming the "government" or decision
               | making.
               | 
               | > result of the EU being a club of sovereign democracies
               | 
               | So either revert to it just being a trade union or
               | implement fully democratic federal institutions. The in
               | between isn't really working that well.
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | > Except the are a couple degrees of separation between
               | the democracy part and in the running the EU
               | institutions.
               | 
               | That's what parliamentary democracy means, yes.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | No, of course not...
               | 
               | In parliamentary democracies the parliament is elected
               | directly and is generally sovereign (optionally
               | constrained by a constitution or some set of basic laws
               | and powers delegated to regional governments and such).
               | 
               | In no way does that describe the EU. It has no equivalent
               | body. Its imitation "parliament" is extremely weak and
               | barely has a say in who forms the closest EU has to a
               | "government".
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | But the parliament isn't the government in a
               | parliamentary democracy.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Yes, and? It forms the government and can dismiss it.
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | They can also vote on bills, while we're bringing up
               | irrelevant gotchas.
        
               | Certhas wrote:
               | So this is typical of criticism of the EU democratic
               | structure: It's just factually wrong. The EU Parliament
               | can dismiss the commission. From Wikipedia:
               | 
               | "The Parliament also has the power to censure the
               | Commission by a two-thirds majority which will force the
               | resignation of the entire Commission from office. As with
               | approval, this power has never been explicitly used, but
               | when faced with such a vote, the Santer Commission then
               | resigned of their own accord."
               | 
               | The fact that the whole democratic setup is highly
               | complex is in itself a problem. But the concrete deficits
               | people mention are never true or don't apply to other
               | democracies either...
               | 
               | In practice the EU Parliament has been a lot more trouble
               | for the executive than is typical in national bodies. The
               | one valid point is that the parliament does not have the
               | right to initiate legislation itself. That is unusual,
               | but in practice many people who are actually close to
               | political processes seem to say this is mostly symbolic,
               | as national bodies can't really draft effective
               | legislation without cooperation from the executive
               | either... Stil definitely something I would love to see
               | addressed.
        
               | Certhas wrote:
               | The parliament approves and dismisses the commission.
               | 
               | In the last cycles the candidate who led the party who
               | won the parliamentary elections became head of
               | commission.
               | 
               | So this is just wrong. The EU parliament has more power
               | than US Congress or the UK parliament in this respect.
        
               | Certhas wrote:
               | It isn't working well by what standard?
        
               | exe34 wrote:
               | I'm not in the EU! I can explain when somebody is wrong
               | without having a horse in the race myself.
        
               | victorbjorklund wrote:
               | technically people didn't vote for Trump they voted for
               | electors which voted for him.
        
           | saubeidl wrote:
           | The same EU that shut down another attempt at Chat Control.
           | 
           | Bad legislation gets written everywhere, the difference is,
           | in the EU it doesn't pass.
        
           | supermatt wrote:
           | It appears that you are an American who has conveniently
           | forgotten about FISA, EARN IT, CLOUD act, PATRIOT act, LAED,
           | etc, etc, and wants to take a dig at the EU for what,
           | exactly? NOT passing Chat Control? Seriously..
        
             | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
             | It's interesting how so many online discussions of internet
             | privacy devolve into nationalist chest-beating. I'm
             | beginning to suspect that people don't inherently value
             | privacy all that much -- they just want to brag about how
             | their country is the most private.
             | 
             | Recall that the premise of this thread is that the EU
             | should sponsor an alternative to Android. The EU vs US
             | question isn't really topical, since no one suggested that
             | the US government should sponsor an alternative to Android
             | instead.
        
             | closeparen wrote:
             | I do not think it is righteous or enlightened when the
             | American government flexes control over the tech sector. I
             | can see how Europeans might have thought this about the EU
             | when it was just GDPR, but subsequent developments have
             | recast all of this as being about government control and
             | keeping the tech industry "in its place" rather than a
             | commitment to privacy and freedom in and of themselves. I
             | think that ought to temper the righteousness.
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | > Furthermore, the need for a trustworthy binary to be
         | auditable to a certain hash or something would make banning
         | this a simple task if Google would want to go that route.
         | 
         | This is actually the advantage of doing it. You make the thing
         | (call it a "personal app loader" or something rather than a
         | "circumvention tool"), they ban it, now you campaign against
         | them or make antitrust arguments presenting the ban as an anti-
         | competitive practice or use the ban to refute claims that
         | they're not inhibiting third party app distribution.
         | 
         | Even if you know they're going to be the villains, you still
         | want to make them actually do it so that everyone can see them
         | doing it.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > hope we can get the EU to fund a truly open Android Fork
         | 
         | The same EU that keeps pushing for breaking encryption and
         | chatcontrol? No thank you
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _breaking encryption and chatcontrol_
           | 
           | The two are not equivalent issues; the first one is ill-
           | formed as stated.
           | 
           | Cryptography is a _tool of control_. It 's "dual-use", in the
           | same sense like a knife or nuclear fission is - its moral
           | valence depends on who is wielding it, and to what end.
           | 
           | In the context we're discussing, encryption is being used
           | _against the people_. Working encryption is in fact needed to
           | make chat control work - it 's fundamental to it, the same
           | way it is to Developer Verification and Safetynet/Remote
           | Attestation. It would be _great_ if EU decided to break
           | _that_ set of encryption applications. Alas, chat control
           | only wants to break E2EE on messages, and _uses encryption
           | elsewhere_ to guarantee E2EE stays broken.
           | 
           | A more general comment about this thread, and related ones in
           | the past: people really need to stop thinking about
           | "encryption" and "security" as inherently good. They're not.
           | Most of the social problems with computing, the attempts at
           | user disempowerment and disenfranchisement, persist _because_
           | they apply cybersecurity solutions.
           | 
           | The core question of security is always: who exactly is being
           | secured, and from who.
        
         | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
         | I hope the EU actually enforces the DMA and forces Google and
         | Apple to stop their non sense.
        
           | jezek2 wrote:
           | Unfortunatelly DMA is the reason Google is doing this. It
           | allowed Apple to require notarization for "security". Google
           | is just copying the same approach as it's now clear what the
           | requirements by the governments are.
           | 
           | Before it was unclear so it was better to allow installation
           | of apps without any verification to appear as more open.
           | 
           | Remember any regulation/law has unintended consequences. At
           | one point Apple decided that PWAs would no longer be
           | supported in EU so they don't have to provide equal
           | capabilities to implement them in alternative web browsers,
           | fortunatelly they changed their mind by obtaining an
           | exception. PWAs is the only alternative choice for making
           | "proper" apps on iOS (no hacky sideloading methods).
           | 
           | I think overally DMA is more a loss than a win (good on
           | paper, terrible in practice). It codified worse things. The
           | EU app stores are still fully controlled by Apple (harder to
           | install, they can just decline or drag notarization of any
           | apps or revoke your license to dev tools, you need to still
           | pay them, etc.).
           | 
           | For various apps the EU market is too small (esp. for things
           | that need to be global) to invest into the development so
           | while you can for example theoretically develop a real
           | alternative web browser to Safari/WebKit (forbidden by App
           | Store rules) nobody is willing to do it.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Technical things can affect people. Adversarial
         | interoperability. They're using a technical thing to cause a
         | social thing anyway, and fighting back with the same tactics is
         | at least not surrendering.
        
         | Lindby wrote:
         | It would be hard to find manufacturers to use it. None of the
         | existing Android phone manufacturers would be able to release
         | phones with this fork without also abandoning the official
         | Android platform on all markets. Google are very strict with
         | this in their tos. You cannot release devices using non
         | official Android builds without losing your right to use GMS
         | and Android Brandice on your other Android devices.
        
       | t_mann wrote:
       | > verified loader apk, which in turn dynamically loads any apk
       | the user wants
       | 
       | Wasn't this kind of solution considered and sort of dismissed
       | (because of too much centralization iirc) by F-Droid (can't find
       | the reference now)? It seems like something that's worth trying,
       | but in the end it's just a band-aid. If it gets any traction
       | Google will shut it down. The real disease is dependence on a
       | duopoly of (quasi)-proprietary OS for the dominant computing
       | platform of our time.
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | I see a handful of problems.
         | 
         | 1. The loader will just get banned.
         | 
         | 2. The application ID and permissions are that of the loader.
         | To have different applications with separate data and
         | permissions you would need multiple copies of the loader.
         | 
         | 3. You miss out on other android security features such as
         | application signing validation for updates.
        
       | antiloper wrote:
       | This will not work because the goal of android developer
       | verification is to prevent running Google-sanctioned code. If you
       | actually tried to publish this, Google will revoke the signature
       | on the loader APK.
        
         | NewJazz wrote:
         | Ah yes sanctioned. A word that has two opposite meanings.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Contronyms are awesome, yet people are nonplussed.
        
       | zb3 wrote:
       | Well, I'd rather verify myself with the government identity than
       | accept a stock OS that literally woke me up with a fake message
       | promoting Gemini despite me spending almost 2 hours turning every
       | possible privacy-invasive setting off.
       | 
       | To me, the attention to these verification changes seems
       | misplaced. We need to defend the ability to unlock the
       | bootloader, pressure Google to revive AOSP and then encourage
       | people to switch to a more user-friendly OS.
       | 
       | You're already unable to install what you want on a stock OS due
       | to Android permission model treating you as a third-class
       | citizen, after Google and OEMs.
        
         | asimops wrote:
         | In my opinion, the only solution while keeping Google and Apple
         | as the developing entities is regulation.
         | 
         | Despite that, there are some things that should not be for
         | profit in my opinion. A good OS platform is one such thing.
        
           | cageface wrote:
           | I agree but I also think any meaningful regulation is off the
           | table for the next few years in the USA at least.
        
         | sleirsgoevy wrote:
         | The issue with government IDs is that they are, for all we
         | know, not trustworthy, but everyone treats them like they are.
         | And you know, I am not going to "verify" myself with Google
         | with this kind of toilet paperwork.
         | 
         | If Google decides to pull this off, then I guess reflashing to
         | a custom ROM with this crap patched out will be a very first
         | step I'll be recommending to anyone who cares.
        
           | zb3 wrote:
           | It seems you missed my main point - the whole point is to
           | fight for this right to reflash a custom ROM, because they're
           | slowly coming for that too. First Play Integrity, now no AOSP
           | releases and more vendors disabling bootloader unlocking..
        
       | p1mrx wrote:
       | I suggested this a couple months ago:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45084296
       | 
       | Android may ultimately win the arms race, but if they want to be
       | evil, we should make their task as tedious as possible.
        
         | neuroelectron wrote:
         | Google doesn't need to make an argument to ban apps or
         | developers.
        
       | andrewcchen wrote:
       | So like LiveContainer[1] which works around ios's signing
       | requirements
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/LiveContainer/LiveContainer
        
         | IgorPartola wrote:
         | Whoa that is neat! How does that not get shut down by Apple?
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | They don't allow it in the app store, so you have a chicken-
           | and-egg problem...
        
             | zzrrt wrote:
             | It works with AltStore or SideStore.
        
               | Wowfunhappy wrote:
               | So you have to either live in the EU or have a helper app
               | constantly running on a PC on your network...
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | This "attack" is not even theoretical. Android apps can just
       | download arbitrary binary code, mprotect(PROT_MAYEXEC) some area
       | in RAM, link the code there, and run it.
       | 
       | Google will simply revoke the keys for the "loader" APK. But
       | that's fine for malware, its authors will just use the next
       | stolen credit card to register a new account.
       | 
       | That's also why this has nothing to do with security.
        
         | clueless wrote:
         | what does it really have to do with?
        
           | baby_souffle wrote:
           | > what does it really have to do with?
           | 
           | Giving google control over what code runs on $device
           | regardless of how that code got onto the device.
           | 
           | A revoked key doesn't care about how the APK got there...
        
       | Gander5739 wrote:
       | Doesn't https://github.com/Katana-Official/SPatch-Update already
       | handle this, and also support Xposed on top?
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | > My vision of the hack is to distribute a verified loader apk,
       | which in turn dynamically loads any apk the user wants. A user
       | obtains the loader apk once and loads apps without installing as
       | much as they want.
       | 
       | And a day after you release, Google will say "Oh no you don't"
       | and unverify your app, preventing it from being installed or run.
       | Which is you know, kind of the point of this maneuver.
        
       | immibis wrote:
       | I'm already banned from publishing Android apps through Google,
       | but apart from that, what would stop me making a server you can
       | upload any app to and sign it with my certificate?
        
         | maxloh wrote:
         | That could actually be done solely on the device. You can
         | develop an app to sign arbitrary APKs with users' own hobbyist
         | certificate. Lucky Patcher have done that for a decade.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | I could even just give out my certificate and private key (if
           | I'm allowed to have one). It's not like I need it to be
           | private. Google would probably blacklist the certificate and
           | then we get to sue Google based on the fact they said doing
           | this would allow the app to work, but they didn't follow
           | through with what they said.
        
           | sleirsgoevy wrote:
           | Making every user to "verify" themselves with a government ID
           | is a no-go, because government IDs are no more trustworthy
           | than a toilet paper.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Or you could just tell everyone out there that there are already
       | tons of older Android devices which will never get any of these
       | hostile updates, and if you're a developer, make sure your app
       | runs on those older versions. Spread the word about how hostile
       | the newer devices are, and let the lazy masses do what they're
       | best at doing. Of course there will always be rabid bootlickers
       | who will gladly pay to put Google's noose around their necks, but
       | if they become the minority, and the majority just stops
       | upgrading, it could very effectively pull control of Android away
       | from Google. Giving everyone yet another reason to not upgrade,
       | especially given the huge Android marketshare in poorer
       | countries, could become a powerful force.
        
         | Aeglaecia wrote:
         | i thought google was going to push this as an update to play
         | services , thus affecting all models
        
         | Random09 wrote:
         | Good luck with unsecure phone This is clearly a bad idea.
        
         | blueg3 wrote:
         | If this is an acceptable solution, just run a modern
         | uncertified Android instead.
        
       | ianbutler wrote:
       | I think this means we need to rely on web technologies more. PWAs
       | are looking pretty good on mobile devices these days and you can
       | publish any web app you want with no reviewing authority. The web
       | has a bunch of crazy APIs now that let you build crazy things and
       | for everything else you're a hosted server away somewhere that
       | can run more complex jobs.
       | 
       | I believe devices I own should let me do whatever I want with
       | them and I agree that the verification is BS, but I'll work
       | around it in the ways I can which means building more for the
       | web.
       | 
       | If that ever drops the open pretense (since both traffic and
       | trust authority are largely centralized and thus easily
       | controllable) then I'll only write for self hosted linux boxes.
       | 
       | We as individuals can only do so much. We'd need actual
       | organization and some measure of political power to do anything
       | more since normal people do not care about this.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | I thought Brent Simmons did a great job laying out why PWAs
         | don't work: https://inessential.com/2025/10/04/why-netnewswire-
         | is-not-we...
         | 
         | The tl;dr is that a PWA implies an app which is based in the
         | cloud. So suddenly you need a server, and you need to store
         | user data, which means costs and dealing with privacy and
         | security.
        
           | teraflop wrote:
           | That explanation doesn't really make sense to me.
           | 
           | If something could be built as a native app without depending
           | on a central server, it could also be built as a PWA without
           | a central server. You don't need to store user data centrally
           | at all, just because it's a webapp. You can just have the
           | clients use localStorage or IndexedDB or whatever.
           | 
           | You still have to host the static files for the webapp
           | itself, but that can be made very cheap.
           | 
           | Of course, API feature parity between native and web apps is
           | a separate issue. But the argument about server costs doesn't
           | seem like a good one.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | Isn't localStorage limited to 5 MB of data?
        
               | teraflop wrote:
               | Sure, but localStorage isn't really ideal for storing
               | large objects anyway, because it forces everything to be
               | stored in one big string-to-string map. It's great for
               | small amounts of data such as user preferences.
               | 
               | There are other APIs that allow you to store binary data
               | directly (which you'll probably want if you're storing
               | large files) and also to use/request larger quotas.
        
               | porridgeraisin wrote:
               | Yeah, better is the filesystem API
        
               | koiueo wrote:
               | IndexedDB API is a bit more liberal in that regard
        
           | twixstar wrote:
           | I read the article, and I'm pretty certain he's talking about
           | a traditional web application. When we speak of PWAs we're
           | thinking of a set of APIs that let a web app behave like a
           | native application. i.e 'installation' + service workers,
           | background sync, IndexDB/FileSystem etc. You could probably
           | make a self-sufficient RSS reader with what's available.
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | Practically you are going to have a server distribute a
           | native application anyways.
        
             | poisonborz wrote:
             | Not the developer. This is all additional complexity and
             | less privacy for the user.
        
           | Jaxan wrote:
           | Basically every native app has a server behind it to harvest
           | user data nowadays. So I don't think it's an argument for why
           | PWAs won't work.
        
             | Wowfunhappy wrote:
             | If the app is made by a company, sure.
             | 
             | It seems to me that, ironically, PWAs are uniquely ill-
             | suited for the type of non-corporate software where
             | distribution outside mainstream channels makes the most
             | sense.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | You need native apps to access specific hardware, and to run
         | some native code. WASM may help but it's limited, too.
        
           | Jaxan wrote:
           | How many apps rely on specific hardware or native code
           | though? I can only think of my banking apps when using nfc.
        
         | rs186 wrote:
         | Bad news for you, Google happens to have a tight grip on the
         | entire web ecosystem -- browser, search, ads etc.
        
           | ianbutler wrote:
           | I obviously understand this and mentioned as much indirectly
           | in the post. You can only do so much and the web is still
           | more open than Android is about to be so again, you do what
           | you can.
        
         | morshu9001 wrote:
         | PWAs are at the mercy of Gapple have always been handicapped in
         | just the right places to not be viable vs installed apps. Most
         | people don't even know how to install one.
        
           | ianbutler wrote:
           | Yeah but as I understand it Apple has become a lot more
           | progressive on PWAs in the last few years. I'm under the
           | impression theyre viable
        
         | srcreigh wrote:
         | This is harmful speculation. Many PWA features are broken in
         | small ways which add up. The caniuse database does not test
         | that a PWA feature meets the spec and there is no better
         | database. Nobody can say that PWAs are "looking good" without
         | such testing.
        
       | fsmv wrote:
       | Just use adb. You can do adb wifi on device. You don't have to
       | distribute a signed apk just sign it fresh on device.
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | This is the way. You can also do adb-over-webusb with a second
         | device.
        
           | Permik wrote:
           | With apps like Shizuku you can do the whole nine yards all
           | locally untethered with one device :)
        
       | Telaneo wrote:
       | While neat, it glosses over the actual problem, while maybe not
       | even solving it (depending on what you deem the problem to be in
       | the first place). It solved the immediate problem today, but not
       | in a way that's going to remain solved.
       | 
       | I'd imagine Google would plug any major holes in their soon to be
       | closed garden, assuming that is their intention. So this and any
       | other fix to the problem of 'install app through not-Google Play'
       | that goes via technical means that Google can just cover up after
       | a month or two doesn't actually move the needle any meaningful
       | amount.
       | 
       | In the same vein, using adb isn't a real solution to that same
       | problem for most people, since having to use adb is a massive
       | jump in required effort that's going to leave all the normies
       | behind, with only the super-dedicated willing to go through the
       | hassle, and an equivalent amount of developer effort is going to
       | be left behind as well, since their audience just got decimated,
       | and they themselves might not even bother to develop something
       | that even their dad or sister is going to bother/be able to
       | install. Anything that's much more complicated than 'go to
       | website, download thing, run thing, click your way through'
       | doesn't solve for this.
       | 
       | The actual problem is to have Google not be knobheads about it,
       | and the only way that's realistically going to happen is through
       | the law, but that's not looking all that likely in my view.
        
       | numpad0 wrote:
       | > My vision of the hack is to distribute a verified loader apk,
       | which in turn dynamically loads any apk the user wants.
       | 
       | Right back to Symbian signed AppTRK and rolling back hardware
       | clocks. Great.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | > _My vision of the hack is to distribute a verified loader apk,
       | which in turn dynamically loads any apk the user wants. A user
       | obtains the loader apk once and loads apps without installing as
       | much as they want._
       | 
       | Google's not going to let you keep your signing key if you do
       | this with it.
        
       | fifticon wrote:
       | these holes will be closed and turning into flaming jumping
       | hoops, so this is not viable. fight the people designing the
       | game.
        
       | nacozarina wrote:
       | yeah, googs can get rekt, I'm not even
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >Google assures that it would be possible to install applications
       | locally using ADB, but there are no details on this
       | 
       | It's going to be the same as Play Protect using the
       | PackageVerifier API. Even if won't trust that Play Protect will
       | continue to allow adb installs, if you go to the developer
       | options you can disable package verifiers for adb installs.
       | 
       | >the concept
       | 
       | This would not really work considering you can't do a lot of
       | things at runtime. You can't create activities, you can't create
       | services, you can't declare permissions, you can't use
       | permissions, etc. Pretty much everything in your manifest can't
       | be done properly. You can't really do a job faking it. You would
       | have to declare a ton of dummy activities with all different
       | permutations of things like launch mode, document launch mode,
       | intent filters, etc.
       | 
       | What you can do are things like game engines like how the android
       | godot editor works where you aren't loading full android apps,
       | but projects into the editor.
        
       | Permik wrote:
       | This is actually a non-issue with tons of unnecessary fear
       | mongering going around, see my comment here:
       | https://github.com/enaix/apk-loader/issues/1
        
         | baby_souffle wrote:
         | The OP addressed this: `adb` works ... *for now*. Other than
         | google's pinky promise, what assurance do we have that adb will
         | continue to work in a year or five?
        
       | VladStanimir wrote:
       | I am not a app developer however from what I read on the android
       | developer site you just need to provide some form of id, the
       | singing key and the app id.
       | 
       | You don't have to distribute via the app store, you dont have to
       | get Googles permission to publish the app or have them sign it.
       | 
       | This looks like purely app validation, we only run apps we can
       | prove originate from the author.
        
         | huem0n wrote:
         | Under that logic, even if the app is "malicious" it would still
         | be possible to install it. And thats not true, if somthing is
         | deemed malicious, its blocked. Is app that hurts Google's
         | dominance "malicious"? Who is it that decides what is
         | malicious?
        
         | m-p-3 wrote:
         | So if Google doesn't like the app in question (such as
         | ReVanced, NewPipe, etc), they can simply target that signing
         | key to completely disable the app on all devices, even if it's
         | not distributed by them.
         | 
         | Having the file signed by a relatively centralized authority
         | makes it much easier for Google to gain control outside of
         | their realm.
        
       | sleirsgoevy wrote:
       | What about this idea? Make a movement among the devs who are
       | _willing_ to distribute  "legitimately" (via Google Play or
       | "authorized" sideload), to sign their apps with intentionally
       | insecure private key. Then some community will just mine up these
       | certificates in already published apps and publish them somewhere
       | on GitHub.
        
       | thr0w4w4y1337 wrote:
       | LlamaLab's Automate has a non-root privileged service via network
       | adb service. Would it be possible to simplify app installation
       | via adb the same way? An app that reads apk, sends it over pre-
       | paired ADB. Sounds like a much simpler solution.
        
       | SiDevesh wrote:
       | Isn't a better solution here to build an app that signs unsigned
       | apks with the end user's self provided signature ?
        
       | codethief wrote:
       | > So an apk may just load some zip/apk/dex code from external
       | storage and execute it in current context.
       | 
       | Wouldn't this break all kinds of things, like app sandboxing, the
       | permission system, app intents, ...?
        
         | iggldiggl wrote:
         | ... launcher shortcuts, launcher widgets, storage management,
         | multi-process set-ups or even services (those need to be
         | declared statically in the manifest), so yeah it would.
         | 
         | So interesting as a fun exercise, but not really useful for
         | probably quite a few apps.
        
       | jchw wrote:
       | The more I think about all of this nonsense, the more I wonder if
       | Google's entire goal with this is actually to kill ReVanced, of
       | all things.
        
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