[HN Gopher] How to build silos and decrease collaboration on pur...
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       How to build silos and decrease collaboration on purpose
        
       Author : gpi
       Score  : 96 points
       Date   : 2025-10-31 19:16 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | Silos make sense if the product can cleanly be broken down into
       | neat compartments. And those won't get disrupted easily. The
       | business model is stable. Teams can have a clean, well defined,
       | mandate.
       | 
       | Silos don't make sense if the existence of product area might go
       | away every 6 month. Everything is fluid, and you'll need to
       | regularly tear apart and reform teams. The business model is not
       | stable. Or step-change growth is sought after by investing in new
       | markets (and foreclosing old ones).
       | 
       | I've seen companies build structures like they're in the first
       | category. As if things are stable. Then they need to grow or are
       | themselves disrupted, they need to act more collaboratively
       | across groups, or even dissolve groups. But they can't because
       | the intentional silos have become overspecialized fiefdoms.
       | 
       | The cost of un-siloing is high. I much prefer companies with
       | strong cultures beyond one fiefdom. They can quickly unform or
       | form teams as needed without a lot of nonsense. And to do that, I
       | think you need a lot of organizational muscle about un-siloing a
       | lot.
        
       | Xcelerate wrote:
       | Hmm... I agree with parts of this and disagree with other parts.
       | In my experience "cross-functional collaboration" splits into two
       | distinct components: leadership and information. Anecdotal, but
       | when leadership is split into too many people at the same level
       | who are each in charge of a domain (that requires heavy
       | interaction with the other domains), nothing gets accomplished--
       | analysis paralysis and politics takes over. You absolutely need
       | _one_ specific person as the final decision maker. They should
       | carefully consider all input from various sources and then make a
       | final decision in a timely fashion. If it turns out to be the
       | wrong path, that 's fine, just reverse course quickly as well.
       | 
       | On the other hand, information silos are absolutely horrible. The
       | most effective companies I've worked at have always had tons of
       | information freely available to all employees. Unless there are
       | privacy, cybersecurity, antitrust, or similar risks involved,
       | every employee should have access to all information across all
       | teams. It should be easily searchable as well. There are
       | certainly exceptions--Apple seems to function well despite all
       | the secrecy. But most companies aren't Apple, and I don't think
       | it's generally a good strategy.
        
       | yesfitz wrote:
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28411712
       | 
       | I was originally critical of this piece because I work in a
       | highly regulated industry (and silos can lead to compliance
       | issues), but after a little more consideration, I realized I see
       | re-siloing happening organically due to lines of business
       | competing for scarce resources.
       | 
       | For example:
       | 
       | Because everyone needs Team X to complete their projects, Team
       | X's leadership has to decide how to allocate their time. This
       | rarely makes the lines of business feel like their needs are
       | fulfilled. So different lines of business start building back
       | channels to members of Team X, in a bid to get an advocate for
       | their projects.
       | 
       | Eventually, a line of business might hire a Business Analyst just
       | to deal with Team X.
       | 
       | I guess an alternative would be to embed a member of Team X with
       | the line of business. They're dedicated, but could also be
       | reassigned as needed.
        
         | braza wrote:
         | I had some different sort of issue but in the same lines: when
         | you have distinct goals between upstream team X and the
         | downstream team Y.
         | 
         | Most of my experience working in un-siloed team Y communicating
         | only via interfaces (e.g., APIs or database views) was that
         | most of the time we could move very fast, even in Big Co.
         | 
         | The problem started when we had a goal, e.g. saving _n_ amount
         | in the Snowflake account, and at the same time the upstream
         | team X started to push so much data that it not only offset our
         | savings but also sometimes used to make things more expensive.
         | 
         | Since upstream X has all the upper management visibility, they
         | could operate in a more loose way towards the downstream team,
         | and we're basically at the whims of someone to be sensible and
         | attend to some of our requests to ask them to stop duplicating
         | data in our database.
         | 
         | We only had the problem solved when this upstream team X used
         | to share the same goal (even as a partner) in terms of savings.
        
         | strgcmc wrote:
         | In such scenarios (data engineering / DS / analytics is my
         | personal background), I have learned not to underestimate the
         | value of, explicitly declaring within Team X, that person X1 is
         | dedicated to line L1, person X2 is dedicated to line L2, etc.
         | (aka similar to your last line about embedding a person with
         | that line of business).
         | 
         | In theory, it doesn't actually "change" anything, because Team
         | X is still stuck supporting exactly the same number of
         | dependencies + the same volume and types of requests.
         | 
         | But the benefit of explicit >>> implicit, the clarity/certainty
         | of knowing who-to-go-to-for-what, the avoidance of context
         | switching + the ability to develop expertise/comfort in a
         | particular domain (as opposed to the team trying to uphold a
         | fantasy of fungibility or that anyone can take up any piece of
         | work at any time...), and also the specificity by which you can
         | eventually say, "hey I need to hire more people on Team X,
         | because you need my team for 4 projects but I only have 3
         | people..." -- all of that has turned out to be surprisingly
         | valuable.
         | 
         | Another way to say it is -- for Team X to be stretched like
         | that initial state, is probably dysfunctional, and in a
         | terminally-fatal sense, but it's a slow kind of decay/death.
         | Rather than pretending it can work, pretending you can
         | virtualize the work across people (as if people were hyper-
         | threads in a CPU core, effortlessly switching tasks)... instead
         | by making it discrete/concrete/explicit, by nominating who-is-
         | going-to-work-on-what-for-who, I have learned that this is
         | actually a form of escalation, of forcing the dysfunction to
         | the surface, and forcing the organization to confront a sink-
         | or-swim moment sooner than it otherwise would have (vs if you
         | just kept limping on, kept trying to pretend you can stay on
         | top of the muddled mess of requests that keep coming in, and
         | you're just stuck treading water and drowning slowly).
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Of course, taking an accelerationist stance is itself risky,
         | and those risks need to be managed. But for example, if the
         | reaction to such a plan is something like, "okay, you've
         | created clarity, but what happens if person X1 goes on
         | vacation/gets-hit-by-bus, then L1 will get no support,
         | right?"... That is the entire purpose/benefit of
         | escalating/accelerating!
         | 
         | In other words, Team X always had problems, but they were
         | hidden beneath a layer of obfuscation due to the way work was
         | being spread around implicitly... it's actually a huge
         | improvement, if you've transformed a murky/unnameable problem
         | into something as crispy and quantifiable as a bus-factor=1
         | problem (which almost everyone understands more
         | easily/intuitively).
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Maybe someday Team X could turn itself into a self-service
         | platform, or a "X-as-a-service" offering, where the dependent
         | teams do not need to have you work with or for them, but rather
         | just consume your outputs, your service(s)/product(s), etc. at
         | arms-length. So you probably don't always want to stay in this
         | embedded or explicit "allocation" model.
        
       | golem14 wrote:
       | I'd be extremely interested if someone has managed to do this
       | with platform-wide product features. For example, take all login
       | procedures across Microsoft products. In my experience, this is
       | super difficult to pull off.
       | 
       | Individual teams don't know enough to make the right decisions,
       | as login, recovery etc is really complex under the hood, so you
       | need a central team handling that (even and especially the UI -
       | you may want to have a login button appear in the same place
       | regardless of which product you use).
       | 
       | Having a platform-wide team controlling (part of) the OKRs of a
       | large number of other teams does not work great, because to those
       | teams, enforcing company wide mandates feels like a priority
       | inversion, and is often countered with passive-aggressive
       | behavior.
       | 
       | I'm not too familiar with Apple product internals, but the apple
       | ecosystem feels overall coherent. Maybe they managed?
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | For several years I worked at a place where the median tenure was
       | about 18 months firmwide and only 9 months on the infra (e.g.
       | networkings, k8s, DBA etc). This is despite being a 30 year old
       | company that paid REALLY well.
       | 
       | The high turnover led to some interesting downstream effects:
       | 
       | - entire teams could be let go
       | 
       | - so you tried to remove as many dependencies on other teams as
       | possible
       | 
       | - e.g. "application teams" did everything from development to
       | project mgmt to infra work (you were given VM hosts and then the
       | rest was up to you)
       | 
       | - this meant that app managers could focus on building their apps
       | 
       | - the downside was whenever the overall "pipeline" had to be
       | fixed. e.g. data enters app A then goes to B and so on. B/c
       | everyone was so siloed, problems injected in A could flow down to
       | D,E,F but no one was really incentivized to fix them
       | 
       | - it also meant that changes in individual apps were REALLY fast
       | b/c you only had to convince one person (app mgr) to change them.
       | On the flip side, large projects took FOREVER as everyone was
       | doing something different.
        
       | nyeah wrote:
       | 2010: Silos have a function. Closely integrated teams have a
       | function. Functions are good. Use them both wisely to reduce
       | complexity so you can actually get the right work done.
       | 
       | 2025: You can choose either silos or integrated teams. From now
       | on, you must behave as if that choice is always right and the
       | other choice is always wrong.
        
         | Atlas667 wrote:
         | It's the era of consulting and corporate gurus.
         | 
         | How else would you sell something?
         | 
         | Just capitalism and its flaws.
        
       | braza wrote:
       | It sounds like the same thing that Steve Yegge placed in his rant
       | in 2011 [1] where teams should collaborate via interfaces.
       | 
       | [1] - https://gist.github.com/chitchcock/1281611
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | I like parts of this. The one part that I would add is that the
       | inter-team communication should all be made available in publicly
       | accessible, observable ways. This way other team members can find
       | results in their own search scope.
       | 
       | Effectively open source when possible, inner source as a fall
       | back. But not every team is their own private channel,
       | restricting knowledge to that team only.
        
       | thelastgallon wrote:
       | > "We need to break down silos between departments and get people
       | to collaborate better" -- almost every leader everywhere.
       | 
       | Almost all 'leaders' in corporate are completely clueless. There
       | are gatekeepers who 'manage' access to the leaders. Nobody can
       | meet with the leaders. Every meeting with the leader is
       | controlled by these gatekeepers. They decide who will be allowed
       | in a meeting. And what they will present. The powerpoints will be
       | carefully crafted to make everything a success story, the numbers
       | massaged to show some growth of something desirable, decline of
       | something undesirable and wins and applauds all around. Every
       | failure is a massive success. The small number of people who are
       | allowed in these meetings are handpicked. The gatekeeping org is
       | full of extremely incompetent loyal lackeys who call themselves
       | experts at executive communications, budgeting, forecasting, data
       | analytics, etc; grant themselves high titles, more pay than
       | engineering roles.
       | 
       | The gatekeepers keep exceptionally good relationships with other
       | gatekeeping orgs. Even if there is something incredibly bad in
       | the other org, they craft a narrative and make it sound like a
       | success story and there is something on the roadmap to improve.
       | It is critically important for gatekeepers to keep this 'success'
       | story because gatekeepers hire each other. Nobody else can hire
       | them.
       | 
       | These gatekeepers also create endless bureaucracy, hire LOTS of
       | extreme clueless people who don't understand anything, but make
       | high level decisions on things they don't have any clue about.
       | Think about a dog making decisions on whether to fund cancer
       | research vs more dog treats or chasing cars. Also, they create a
       | LOT of systems and broken process that require their approvals.
       | Broken processes helps empire building and also keeps them in
       | power. Anybody who needs anything done has to reach out to them
       | directly and they escalate within the org to get it done. Then
       | the person owes them a favor. A working process takes power away
       | from them.
       | 
       | The level of cluelessness of leaders is unbelievable. The
       | gatekeepers constantly say we need to dumb things down. This is
       | unfathomable, because the gatekeepers themselves are headless
       | chickens. All the leaders want is pretty ppts (and eliminate
       | trigger works, every leader has a list of trigger words or their
       | own arcane vocabulary that they want to use), some like bento
       | boxes, some like sankey charts and some leaders who have seen
       | other people ppts ask the gatekeepers that they like that
       | specific slide from that meeting, can we have a chart like that?
       | 
       | Source: I am an engineer now working in a gatekeeping org (in a
       | mega corp).
        
         | thelastgallon wrote:
         | I suspect the gatekeeping orgs collude and orchestrate the
         | hiring of 'leaders'[1]. The sacred duty of the gatekeeping orgs
         | is to preserve the gatekeeping org. These people are extremely
         | well connected throughout the company. In fact, the only thing
         | they are known for is for their connections. You might have
         | used their services in your org, if something needed to be
         | escalated in another org.
         | 
         | [1] Reminds me of Bene
         | Gesserit(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene_Gesserit) who
         | install the 'leaders' they want. Except the gatekeepers have no
         | greater mission other than keeping the gatekeeping orgs.
        
           | AnonymousPlanet wrote:
           | Reminds me of the Civil Service in the BBC series Yes,
           | Minster.
        
         | hassleblad23 wrote:
         | That makes coasting easy for everyone.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | Probably the most spot on assessment I've read in years.
         | 
         | I'm kind of stuck with golden handcuffs for a time, but I'm
         | deeply uncomfortable with the toxic behaviors I have to engage
         | in to allow my team to thrive. It's bad for the soul.
        
         | krackers wrote:
         | In addition the gatekeepers end up insulating the leaders from
         | bureaucracy so execs end up having no idea how their company is
         | actually being run.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | Ah yes, the good king and the evil advisor, classic setup:
           | turns out top leadership was innocent all along! /s
           | 
           | Obviously any exec who doesn't know how the company is being
           | run is failing a pretty fundamental task, no real excuse
           | possible.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | I came here to talk about gatekeeping and I think you described
         | the situation pretty well.
         | 
         | But frankly speaking, the way corporations are being run where
         | people are constantly being let go for profit, I would be very
         | surprised if people are not actively gatekeeping to keep jobs.
         | If the reward for collaboration is to assign all your work to
         | someone else and let you go, what incentives exist for you to
         | not gatekeep everything and collude with other gatekeepers to
         | stay in the in group?
         | 
         | Ultimately it boils down to incentives. The most collaborative
         | orgs tend to have a culture of sharing rewards and splitting
         | the punishments. When you take that away, you're just in the
         | hunger games and all culture talk is just background noise.
        
           | krackers wrote:
           | Once the relationship becomes an adversarial one, it seems
           | like the company is stuck in a spiral that is very hard to
           | escape from. Employees can no longer assume good faith on
           | behalf of the company, and will start complying with the
           | letter instead of the spirit of incentives or policies. In
           | turn the company is forced to tweak incentives or make
           | policies stricter in an attempt to plug the gap. All the
           | while increasing the amount of bureaucracy.
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | All of this needs to be traced back to the source driving all
         | actions: incentives.
         | 
         | People will do what they're in _incentivized_ to do. Yeah, it
         | 's a "duh!" statement but needs to be front and center when
         | analyzing workflow.
         | 
         | Of course incentives can be gamed as well, so they should not
         | be accepted blindly. There should be a Department of Game
         | Theory that could help analyze and adjust accordingly to "do
         | the needful for the same".
        
       | hitekker wrote:
       | Related, from https://prachititg.com/wp-
       | content/uploads/2014/04/the-everyt...
       | 
       | > At a management offsite in the late 1990s, a team of well-
       | intentioned junior executives stood up before the company's top
       | brass and gave a presentation on a problem indigenous to all
       | large organizations: the difficulty of coordinating far-flung
       | divisions.
       | 
       | > The junior executives recommended a variety of different
       | techniques to foster crossgroup dialogue and afterward seemed
       | proud of their own ingenuity. Then Jeff Bezos, his face red and
       | the blood vessel in his forehead pulsing, spoke up. "I understand
       | what you're saying, but you are completely wrong," he said.
       | "Communication is a sign of dysfunction. It means people aren't
       | working together in a close, organic way. We should be trying to
       | figure out a way for teams to _communicate less with each other,
       | not more_."
       | 
       | > That confrontation was widely remembered. "Jeff has these aha
       | moments," says David Risher. "All the blood in his entire body
       | goes to his face. He's incredibly passionate. If he was a table
       | pounder, he would be pounding the table." At that meeting and in
       | public speeches afterward, Bezos vowed to run Amazon with an
       | emphasis on decentralization and independent decision-making.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | I'll have to share this next week at my tiny, 20-person shop.
         | 
         | We have a machine shop and an engineering group. ISO9001/AS9100
         | have stringent requirements about CAD models and print
         | lifecycles and document management, which frequently add
         | friction. We've got engineers who are good with their hands and
         | could build most of the designs themselves without committing
         | anything to CAD, and machinists/fabricators who are smart and
         | could probably design most of the things they're building
         | without needing a print to work towards.
         | 
         | It's only the formal communication layer in the print release
         | process which forces us to have accurate drawings of the things
         | we've made and have to think through the whole design before
         | putting a piece of steel in the mill.
        
           | pixl97 wrote:
           | I mean the problem with software is we dont do that.
           | 
           | I've been in so many businesses where a piece of software is
           | turned over with almost no documentation and a partial API
           | spec. Like, thats like a quarter of a blueprint with "do the
           | needful" written on one corner.
        
           | 4star3star wrote:
           | Why don't you invest in some 3D scanning equipment/software.
           | Build the physical object or close to it, then scan it and
           | tweak it in software, doing the whole process backwards.
        
             | 0x696C6961 wrote:
             | A 3D scan of an object doesn't help that much if you need
             | drawings. You're still basically doing it from scratch.
        
         | no_wizard wrote:
         | >Bezos vowed to run Amazon with an emphasis on decentralization
         | and independent decision-making
         | 
         | Well that lasted about 10 years or so. RTO mandate is the exact
         | opposite of this.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | I'd think it's perfectly in line with this. He wants seamless
           | fusion at the team level. So everyone has to act uniformly
           | consistent with that. That seems natural to me.
        
           | cheschire wrote:
           | What if one of the motivators of RTO was to lower the value
           | of rural land?
           | 
           | During COVID, a lot of places that were considered untenable
           | from a commuting perspective suddenly became viable options
           | under remote work. But under RTO everyone would have to move
           | closer to their offices again.
           | 
           | This would then enable the rich to more easily transfer their
           | wealth into rural land in order to hedge a perceived coming
           | recession. Bezos et al would benefit directly from this.
        
       | torton wrote:
       | This is one of key points of _Team Topologies_
       | (https://teamtopologies.com, also a book). Close collaboration
       | between teams saps resources from both and should be either time-
       | limited (a shared project, and then step back) or scope-limited
       | (this team will only do close collaboration with one other team
       | at a time).
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | This is a sensible idea.
       | 
       | It really just boils down to the K.I.S.S. Principle (Keep It
       | Simple, Stupid).
       | 
       | Remove as many branches and variables as possible. Increase
       | focus.
        
       | mlmonkey wrote:
       | > I observed an example of this at New Relic:
       | 
       | So, sample size == 1. :-D
        
       | adev_ wrote:
       | This is honestly a pretty terrible advise.
       | 
       | Silos have very concrete negative consequences:
       | 
       | - In large structures, you indubitably finishes with 4 teams
       | doing the exact same thing in parallel and ignoring each other
       | because communication did not pass through
       | 
       | - Managers who tend to do that tend to concentrate all
       | communications through them. This is disastrous for multiple
       | reasons:                 - It creates communication bottleneck
       | through them and slow down the entire organization            -
       | "Filtered" information tend to have reduced technical quality
       | that lead to wrong technical decision            - Soon or later,
       | a dubious mid manager somewhere will leverage that to make his
       | team follow *his* agenda and not the one of the company.
       | 
       | - On long term, isolated teams indubitably loose touch with the
       | current mission of the organization precisely because they can
       | not see the big picture Most people I have seen following this
       | ill practice are some maniac micro-managers that finishes burn
       | out after few years when they do not make their entire team burn
       | out.
       | 
       | The initial 'problem' that silos try to solve is the fact many-
       | many communication in large organization does not scale.
       | 
       | And there is absolutely no need to create 'Silos' or similar non-
       | sense to solve that.
       | 
       | Creating a structure where people can peer-to-peer talk freely
       | coupled with some more broad communication nodes (All hands,
       | Retro, etc ...) is _way_ more productive than any silo bullshit
       | and way less toxic as a work environment.
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | In complex situation you can often deal with parts of a problem
       | to the detriment of the whole. There should be some expression
       | "its the whole, stupid", because _we_ all tend to do this.
       | 
       | Long ago I worked at a significant corporation. We won't name
       | names. They decide to completely rewrite their software because
       | the original architecture was limiting. A good decision. So for
       | one YEAR different groups went off - in silos - and worked on
       | their area of the project. On the day, of the release they put
       | all the pieces together only to find that NONE OF THE PIECES fit.
       | The company was doomed.
       | 
       | We talk about intellectual terms - like Agile, like Silos, like
       | whatever. None of that matters. It is intellectual. Only one
       | thing matters. Functionality. If you get better results from
       | thinking in silos, then that is the best. If you get best results
       | from 'agile' then great.
       | 
       | But to a large extend arguing agile vs silos vs some other thing
       | is just an indication you are not paying attention to the real
       | thing.
       | 
       | One strategy for all of this is just "hello world". Want to build
       | a new, shiny software thingy? On day one, get it to say "hello
       | world". Then every day forever after make sure it can say "hello
       | world" AND can show some new feature. Like every day demo what it
       | can do.
       | 
       | That's it. If you can do that in a silo, great. If you can do
       | that in agile, or waterfall, or whatever that is great. As long
       | as you can *show* that the product can do more today than
       | yesterday.
       | 
       | "Decrease collaboration". Sigh.
        
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