[HN Gopher] AMD could enter ARM market with Sound Wave APU built...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       AMD could enter ARM market with Sound Wave APU built on TSMC 3nm
       process
        
       Author : walterbell
       Score  : 269 points
       Date   : 2025-10-31 03:07 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.guru3d.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.guru3d.com)
        
       | mgh2 wrote:
       | More speculation?
        
       | dwood_dev wrote:
       | My guess from previous reporting on this, it was an experiment
       | that might not ever be released.
       | 
       | ARM isn't nearly as interesting given the strides both Intel and
       | AMD have made with low power cores.
       | 
       | Any scenario where SoundWave makes sense, using Zen-LP cores
       | align better for AMD.
        
         | spockz wrote:
         | It is interesting for AMD because having a on-par ARM chip
         | means they can keep selling chips when the rest of the market
         | switch to ARM. This is largely driven by Apple and by the cloud
         | providers wanting more efficient higher density chips.
         | 
         | Apple isn't going to switch back to AMD64 any time soon. Cloud
         | providers will switch faster if X64 chips become really
         | competitive again.
        
           | codedokode wrote:
           | I am not sure if cloud providers want ARM - the most valuable
           | resource is rack space, so you want to use the most powerful
           | CPU, not the one using less energy.
        
             | arjie wrote:
             | Well, Amazon does offer Graviton 4 (quite fast and useful
             | stuff) along side their Epyc machines so there is some
             | utility to them. A 9654 is much faster than a Graviton 4.
             | 
             | EDIT: Haha, I was going off our workloads but hilariously
             | there are some HPC-like workloads where benchmarks show the
             | Graviton 4 smoking a 9654
             | https://www.phoronix.com/review/graviton4-96-core/4
             | 
             | I suppose ours must have been more like the rest of the
             | benchmarks (which show the 9654 faster than the Epyc).
        
             | Someone wrote:
             | Cooling takes up rack space, too. There also are workloads
             | that aren't CPU constrained, but GPU or I/O constrained. On
             | such systems, it's better to spend your heat budget on
             | other things than CPUs.
        
             | pxeger1 wrote:
             | > the most valuable resource is rack space
             | 
             | I've always heard it's cooling capacity. I'm also pretty
             | confident that's true
        
             | friendzis wrote:
             | > the most valuable resource is rack space
             | 
             | The limit is power capacity and quite often thermal. Newer
             | DCs might be designed with larger thermal envelopes,
             | however rack space is nearly meaningless once you exhaust
             | thermal capacity of the rack/isle.
             | 
             | Performance within thermal envelope is a very important
             | consideration in datacenters. If a new server offers double
             | performance at double power it is a viable upgrade path
             | only for DCs that have that power reserve in the first
             | place.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | Rack space limits include power limits. E.g. 10kw per rack.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | AWS, Google, Hetzner all offer a discount if you use an
             | ARM64 VPS.
             | 
             | Clearly, they want them, because there's demonstrated power
             | savings.
        
         | dbdr wrote:
         | > given the strides both Intel and AMD have made with low power
         | cores.
         | 
         | Any pointers regarding that? How does the computing power to
         | watts ratio look these days across major CPU architectures?
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | The page this article got its info from
         | (https://www.ithome.com/0/889/173.htm) says (according to
         | Safari's translation):
         | 
         |  _"IT Home News on October 13, @Olrak29_ found that the AMD
         | processor code-named "Sound Wave" has appeared in the customs
         | data list, confirming the company's processor development plan
         | beyond the x86 architecture"_
         | 
         | I think that means they are planning to export parts.
         | 
         | I think there still is some speculation involved as to what
         | those parts are, and they might export them only for their own
         | use, but is that likely?
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | I think the chips are being imported from Taiwan to the US.
           | At this point they are prototypes being tested. AMD wouldn't
           | make a chip this complex for their own use; these were likely
           | ordered by Microsoft or Valve.
        
             | LeFantome wrote:
             | Valve seems like a reasonable guess honestly.
        
         | LarsDu88 wrote:
         | _cough_ gaming device
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | AMD makes laptop CPUs with good performance per power
         | consumption ratio, but they are designed for high power
         | consumptions, typically for 28 W, or at least for 15 W.
         | 
         | AMD does not have any product that can compete with Intel's
         | N-series or industrial Atom CPUs, which are designed for power
         | consumptions of 6 W or of 10 W and AMD never had any Zen CPU
         | for this power range.
         | 
         | If the rumors about this "Sound Wave" are true, then AMD will
         | finally begin to compete again in this range of TDP, a market
         | that they have abandoned many years ago (since the AMD Jaguar
         | and Puma CPUs), because all their resources were focused on
         | designing Zen CPUs for higher TDPs.
         | 
         | For cheap and low-power CPUs, the expensive x86-64 instruction
         | decoder may matter, unlike for bigger CPUs, so choosing the
         | Aarch64 ISA may be the right decision.
         | 
         | Zen compact cores provide the best energy efficiency for
         | laptops and servers, especially for computation-intensive
         | tasks, but they are not appropriate for cheap low-power devices
         | whose computational throughput is less important than other
         | features. Zen compact cores are big in comparison with ARM
         | Cortex-X4, Intel Darkmont or Qualcomm cores and their higher
         | performance is not important for cheap low-power devices.
        
           | overfeed wrote:
           | > AMD does not have any product that can compete with Intel's
           | N-series or industrial Atom CPUs, which are designed for
           | power consumptions of 6 W or of 10 W and AMD never had any
           | Zen CPU for this power range
           | 
           | A cursory search shows that the AMD APU used in the Valve
           | Steam Deck draws 3-15W. Limiting the TDP to 6W on a Steam
           | Deck is fine for Linux in desktop mode.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | That is a custom APU made by AMD for a certain customer.
             | 
             | It is not a device that AMD sells on the open market, so it
             | does not compete with the ubiquitous Intel N-series CPUs or
             | with the Arm-based CPUs from various vendors.
             | 
             | Like I have said, since Jaguar and Puma, which are older
             | than the first Zen, AMD has never sold on the open market
             | any CPU/APU designed for a TDP of 10 W or less.
             | 
             | While for some AMD APUs, like Ryzen Z1, which are designed
             | for a TDP of 15 W, their specification says that they have
             | a TDP that is configurable down to 9 W, when such CPUs are
             | configured for a lower TDP than they are optimized for,
             | they become inefficient, by having a bigger die area, i.e.
             | a higher cost, and a lower energy efficiency, in comparison
             | with the CPUs that have been specifically designed for that
             | lower power.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | You've unsubtly moved the goalposts from claiming the
               | inexistence of low-power AMD CPUs, to a narrower
               | definition of _consumer_ processor. Your initial
               | assertion was rather absolute, and falsifiable.
               | 
               |  _> > AMD does not have any product that can compete with
               | Intel's N-series or industrial Atom CPUs, which are
               | designed for power consumptions of 6 W or of 10 W and AMD
               | never had any Zen CPU for this power range_
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | I don't see why Sound Wave would have any advantage, even
       | efficiency, over a similar Zen 5/6 design. Microsoft must really
       | want ARM if they're having this chip made.
        
         | DeepYogurt wrote:
         | It could just be a play to make sure there's a second source to
         | qualcomm
        
           | Findecanor wrote:
           | The core count is relatively low though. 2P + 4E, whereas
           | Snapdragon-X are 8 or 10 performance cores, indicating that
           | this could be for a low-end tablet ... or game console?
        
             | throawayonthe wrote:
             | it does say microsoft surface in the post
        
         | DeathArrow wrote:
         | They did countless attempts to use ARM but all failed.
         | Consumers didn't care because they couldn't run their software.
         | Microsoft won't solve the problem until they will provide a way
         | to run all relevant software on ARM.
        
           | debugnik wrote:
           | Microsoft already designed a modified ARM ABI [1] compatible
           | with emulated X86-64 just for this transition. But it's a
           | Windows 11 feature. I wonder if the refusal of many of us to
           | switch from Windows 10 is part of the reason why they're
           | still idling on an ARM strategy.
           | 
           | [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/arm/arm64ec-
           | abi
        
             | p_l wrote:
             | Part of the issue was incomplete amd64 emulation on windows
             | which is why several MS products continued to ship 32bit -
             | because while they might recompile their software for ARM,
             | business users had binary-only extensions that they
             | expected to continue using.
        
           | Zardoz84 wrote:
           | Apple did an excellent job doing the switch. I don't see why
           | should fail here.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | A year or two ago I used a Windows 11 laptop with an ARM CPU,
           | and at least for me everything just worked. The drivers
           | weren't as good, but all my x86-64 software ran just fine
        
             | guiriduro wrote:
             | Its pretty decent. Decent enough in fact that I can run a
             | Windows 11 ARM install on vmware Fusion on my macbook m4
             | pro, and it will happily run win arm and x86 binaries (via
             | builtin MS x86 emulation) decently fast and without
             | complaint (we're talking apps, gaming I haven't tried.)
        
             | hypercube33 wrote:
             | Everything but OpenGL - there is a blender store app that
             | translates GL to DirectX
        
       | t312227 wrote:
       | hello,
       | 
       | imho. (!)
       | 
       | i think this would be great!!
       | 
       | personally i totally understood why AMD gave up on its last
       | attempt - the A1100 opterons - about 10 years ago in favor of the
       | back then new ryzen architecture:
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_Opteron_processors...
       | 
       | but what i would really like to see: an ARM soc/apu on an
       | "open"*) (!) hardware-platform similar to the existing amd64 pc
       | hardware.
       | 
       | *) "open" as in: i'm able to boot whatever (vanilla) arm64 linux-
       | distribution or other OS i want ...
       | 
       | i have to add: i'm personally offended by the amount of tinkering
       | of the firmware/boot-process which is necessary to get for
       | example the raspberry pi 5 (or 4) to boot vanilla debian/arm64
       | ... ;)
       | 
       | br, a..z
       | 
       | ps. even if its a bit o.T. in this context, as a reminder a link
       | to a slightly older article about an interview with jim keller
       | about how ISA no longer matters that much ...
       | 
       | "ARM or x86? ISA Doesn't Matter"
       | 
       | * https://chipsandcheese.com/p/arm-or-x86-isa-doesnt-matter
        
         | jabl wrote:
         | > "ARM or x86? ISA Doesn't Matter"
         | 
         | > * https://chipsandcheese.com/p/arm-or-x86-isa-doesnt-matter
         | 
         | Some people, for some strange reason, want to endlessly
         | relitigate the old 1980'ies RISC vs CISC flamewars. Jim Kellers
         | interview above is a good antidote for that. Yes, RISC vs CISC
         | matters for something like a simple in-order core you might see
         | in embedded systems. For a big OoO core, much less so.
         | 
         | That doesn't mean you'd end up with x86 if you'd design a clean
         | sheet 'best practices' ISA today. Probably it would indeed look
         | something like aarch64 or RISC-V. So certainly in that sense
         | RISC won. But the win isn't so overwhelming that it overcomes
         | the value of the x86 software ecosystem in the markets where
         | x86 plays.
        
           | consp wrote:
           | You would also get rid of all the 8/16-bit shenanigans still
           | somewhat present.
        
             | jabl wrote:
             | Intel had a project doing that a few years ago, called
             | X86S. It was killed after industry opposition.
        
       | stevefan1999 wrote:
       | Legendary Chip Architect, Jim Keller, Says AMD 'Stupidly
       | Cancelled' K12 ARM CPU Project After He Left The Company:
       | https://wccftech.com/legendary-chip-architect-jim-keller-say...
       | 
       | Could be a revival but for different purposes
        
         | high_na_euv wrote:
         | Funny how some of his projects got cancelled like K12 at AMD or
         | Royal Core at INTC and people always act like that was terrible
         | decision, yet AMD is up like 100x on stock market and INTC...
         | times gonna tell
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | Cult of personality... or maybe people just want cool stuff
           | for fun.
        
             | keyringlight wrote:
             | Keller himself credits the many people responsible for the
             | contributing parts [0]. I think the general 'enthusiast'
             | tech press and reporting likes hero figures and the
             | simplicity it brings, even better when you can cast a good
             | guy against a bad guy, and the background in this case
             | would be AMD vs intel.
             | 
             | [0] https://web.archive.org/web/20210622032535/https://www.
             | anand...
        
               | BirAdam wrote:
               | Humans inherently like having a narrative. When we
               | discuss historical events, we typically want to have a
               | clearly defined leader and/or visionary upon whom to pin
               | events. Without this, our imaginations aren't as engaged,
               | and therefore emotions aren't stirred. For example, the
               | stories of early game companies are great because the
               | teams were very small, a narrative can be written, and
               | the product was fun. With modern games, budgets are
               | massive, teams are massive, and things are often designed
               | and approved by committee. The result can be beautiful
               | and fun, but the story getting there isn't as
               | entertaining.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | This is the same reason we have trouble erecting defenses
               | against "the banality of evil" etc. When the villain
               | wears a monocle and smokes a cigar, everybody hates them.
               | When the villain is a misaligned structural incentive, a
               | million people can die and politicians and the media will
               | start rounding up scapegoats instead of actually changing
               | the incentive.
        
           | Keyframe wrote:
           | is stock up because of them or despite them?
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | It is hard to evaluate it reliably.
        
             | nolok wrote:
             | In the case of AMD it's definitely because of them and the
             | great leadership from Lisa Su.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | AMD is doing well because they moved on chiplets before
             | Intel did. The decision of ARM vs x86 is pretty much
             | unrelated to the move that saved them, and sticking with
             | the architecture with which they had decades of experience
             | was probably a good idea.
             | 
             | I mean Keller is talking about a decision to not pursue an
             | ARM chip that he'd apparently been working on after(?) Zen
             | 2 (or maybe in parallel). So AMD was already back on a good
             | path at that point.
        
           | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
           | Seems completely uncorrelated with what is discussed
           | especially considering Intel didn't enter the ARM market
           | either.
           | 
           | Would make much more sense to compare with Qualcomm
           | trajectory here as they dominate the high end ARM SoC market.
           | 
           | Basically AMD missed the opportunity to be first mover on a
           | market which is now huge with a project Apple proved to be
           | viable three years after the planned AMD release. Any way you
           | look at it, it seems like a major miss.
           | 
           | The fact that other good decisions in other segments were
           | made at the same time doesn't change that.
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | Apple has way stronger leverage than AMD when it comes to
             | forcing "new standards" lets say.
             | 
             | AMD cannot go and tell its customers "hey we are changing
             | ISA, go adjust.". Their customers would run to Intel.
             | 
             | Apple could do that and forced its laptops to use it.
             | Developers couldnt afford losing those users, so they
             | adjusted.
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | It's a chicken and egg problem.
               | 
               | Nobody supports the new ISA because there is no SoC and
               | nobody makes the new SoC because there is no support. But
               | in this case, that's not really true because Linux
               | support was ready.
               | 
               | More than forcing volumes, Apple proved it was worth it
               | because the efficiency gains were huge. If AMD had
               | release a SoC with numbers close to the M1 before Apple
               | targeting the server market, they had a very good shot at
               | it being a success and leveraging that to success in the
               | laptop markets where Microsoft would have loved to have a
               | partner ready to fight Apple and had to wait for Qualcomm
               | for ages.
               | 
               | Anyway, I stand that looking at how the stock moved tells
               | us nothing about if the cancellation was a good or a bad
               | decision.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | >More than forcing volumes, Apple proved it was worth it
               | because the efficiency gains were huge. If AMD had
               | release a SoC with numbers close to the M1 before Apple
               | targeting the server market, they had a very good shot at
               | it being a success and leveraging that to success in the
               | laptop markets where Microsoft would have loved to have a
               | partner ready to fight Apple and had to wait for Qualcomm
               | for ages.
               | 
               | Apple proved that creating your own high end consumer SoC
               | was doable and viable idea due to TSMC and could result
               | in better chips due to designing them around your needs.
               | 
               | And which ISA they could use? X86? Hard to say, probably
               | no. So they had RISCV and ARM
               | 
               | Also about Windows...
               | 
               | If PantherLake on 18A actually performs as good as
               | expected, then why would anyone move to ARM on Windows
               | when viable energy eff. cpus like lnl and ptl are
               | available
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | > If PantherLake on 18A actually performs as good as
               | expected, then why would anyone move to ARM on Windows
               | when viable energy eff. cpus like lnl and ptl are
               | available
               | 
               | Well yes, exactly, that's the issue with arriving 10
               | years later instead of being first mover. The rest of the
               | world doesn't remain unmoving.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > Apple proved it was worth it because the efficiency
               | gains were huge
               | 
               | Thing is, those efficiency gains are both in hardware and
               | software.
               | 
               | Will a Linux laptop running the new AMD SoC use 5 W while
               | browsing HN like this M3 pro does?
        
               | spookie wrote:
               | Steam Deck does about 8w.
        
               | Crespyl wrote:
               | Isn't the Deck x86 though?
        
               | dcm360 wrote:
               | 5W while browsing is already less efficient than my old
               | laptop with a Zen 2 CPU (and most of the power is
               | consumed by the display). Newer CPU's or SoC's should do
               | quite a bit better than that.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | It's good that x86 is coming close.
               | 
               | Does Windows have working sleep now? I hear it's
               | dangerous to throw a wintelmd laptop in a backpack
               | without shutting it down.
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | did your laptop display have the same brightness and
               | pixel density
        
               | kimixa wrote:
               | During "light" browsing pretty much any laptop's power
               | use is massively dominated by things that _aren 't_ the
               | CPU, assuming there's been _any_ attempt at enabling that
               | use case (which doesn 't always seem to be the case for
               | many SKUs, certainly on the cheaper end).
               | 
               | A _huge_ amount of Apple 's competitive edge is in the
               | "other 90%", but they don't seem to get the headlines.
        
               | pier25 wrote:
               | > _Their customers would run to Intel._
               | 
               | Data centers and hosting companies are probably the
               | biggest customers buying AMD CPUs, no?
               | 
               | If those companies could lower their energy and cooling
               | costs that could be a strong incentive to offer ARM
               | servers.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | What kind of difference we are talking about?
               | 
               | 1% 3% 6% 10% 30%?
        
               | pier25 wrote:
               | No idea but it should be significant. AFAIK cooling and
               | energy are the biggest data center costs.
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | AMD servers are already below 3 watts per core. ARM
               | doesn't actually confer any power advantage. Most ARM
               | processors use less power because they're slower. Apple
               | has a slight advantage because they use TSMC's latest
               | process nodes, but it isn't very large and it isn't
               | because of the ISA.
        
               | andy_ppp wrote:
               | Except they literally did exactly that with x86-64 so I'm
               | confused by your comment.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | Isn't x86 64 backward compatible, so that's fine?
        
             | daemin wrote:
             | Intel specifically exited the general-purpose ARM market
             | back about 20 years ago when it sold its XScale division to
             | Marvell. I believe it kept making the ARM chips for use in
             | network controllers and other specific purpose chips.
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | Intel failed to anticipate the smartphone revolution
               | despite RIM being a customer of XScale. To be fair, they
               | only entered because they got StrongARM from a law suit
               | settlement with DEC in 1997 and they sold to refocus on
               | more strategic segments which turned out to be actually a
               | lot less interesting. I don't think Intel can really be
               | seen as a model of good strategic thinking.
               | 
               | But all of this is a decade before what we are discussing
               | here. I didn't even remember XScale existed at Intel
               | while writing my first comment.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Allen Baum has some inside baseball on this:
               | When the Microelectronics Group was transferred to Intel,
               | that included the StrongARM Group. A month later,
               | everybody       in the StrongARM Group had pretty much
               | quit.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/wN02z1KbFmY?si=Gnt4DHalyKLevV2p
               | 
               | From 2:03:30 he points out that the only purpose of the
               | DEC lawsuit was to facilitate the sale to Compaq without
               | the microelectronics group.
        
               | throwaway173738 wrote:
               | Intel has made and killed ARM socs since then. Like Keem
               | Bay.
        
             | kokada wrote:
             | > Basically AMD missed the opportunity to be first mover on
             | a market which is now huge with a project Apple proved to
             | be viable three years after the planned AMD release. Any
             | way you look at it, it seems like a major miss.
             | 
             | I don't think this is a fair position. It could as well be
             | that focusing in K12 would have delayed Zen, maybe delaying
             | it enough that it could have become irrelevant by the time
             | it got to market.
             | 
             | Remember that while Zen was a good CPU, the only reason it
             | made as much impact as it did was because it also was
             | released in a good time (when Intel was stumbling with 10nm
             | and releasing Skylake refresh after Skylake refresh).
        
               | jonbiggums22 wrote:
               | AMD was a pretty stripped down company at that point.
               | They'd bet it all on Zen so when it got a foothold it
               | made sense to double down on it until they could recover.
               | 
               | The thing about being broke is you may know about good
               | opportunities but not have the resources to actually make
               | use of them.
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | >> It could as well be that focusing in K12 would have
               | delayed Zen, maybe delaying it enough that it could have
               | become irrelevant by the time it got to market.
               | 
               | Agree. AMD stock was under $2 prior to Zen. Buying was a
               | bet that Zen would be competitive with Intel in which
               | case the stock would come back, otherwise they were
               | doomed. The first Zen chips were in fact competitive but
               | beat Intel in some benchmarks and lost in others. That
               | would have brought back competition, but who knew Intel
               | would flounder for many more years while Zen got a nice
               | uplift with each generation! Delaying Zen would have been
               | bad for AMD, but in hindsight that wouldn't have mattered
               | so long as they could stay afloat til it launched.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Seems completely uncorrelated with what is discussed
             | especially considering Intel didn't enter the ARM market
             | either.
             | 
             | Maybe the folks at Intel just didn't want to StrongARM
             | their competitors?
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> Seems completely uncorrelated with what is discussed
             | especially considering Intel didn't enter the ARM market
             | either.
             | 
             | I don't think AMD should be following Intel in markets
             | outside x86. I want to see them go RISC-V with a wide
             | vector unit. I'd like to see Intel try that too, but
             | they're kind of busy fixing fabs right now.
        
             | webdevver wrote:
             | >market which is now huge
             | 
             | SoC market is mcdonalds. its huge in the same way the
             | soybean industry is huge. zero margin commodity.
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | Yeah, sure, remind me what were Qualcomm results last
               | year. 10 billions?
               | 
               | But, don't get me wrong, I wouldn't spit on McDonalds 6
               | billions either and the soybean market is one of the
               | fastest growing in the agrifood business, with huge
               | volume traded, probably one of the most profitable
               | commodity at the moment.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | > Yeah, sure, remind me what were Qualcomm results last
               | year. 10 billions?
               | 
               | How much of Qualcomm's profit comes from providing yet
               | another ARM chip vs. all the value-added parts they
               | provide in the ARM SoC's, like all the radio modem stuff
               | necessary for mobile phones?
               | 
               | Now that's kind of a rhetorical question, not sure a
               | clear answer exists, at least not outside Qualcomm
               | internal finance figures. Food for thought, though.
               | 
               | (That's sort of the logic behind RISC-V as well. The
               | basic ISA and the chip that implements it is a commodity,
               | the value comes from all the application specific extra
               | stuff tacked on to the SoC.)
        
             | lII1lIlI11ll wrote:
             | Apple and Qualcomm _have_ to use Arm ISA because they don't
             | have x86 license. Apple would have likely stayed on x86 if
             | they could use it in their in-house designs. Intel wouldn't
             | issue x86 license to Qualcomm or Apple, of course.
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | If Intel would have licensed x86 for use in Apple's own
               | finished computers, Intel would be in a way better
               | position. Foolish not just to lose that customer but also
               | to legitimize ARM as a desktop and high-end option.
               | 
               | I think Apple would have switched anyway though. They
               | designed Apple Silicon for their mobile devices first
               | (iPhone, iPad) which I doubt they would have made x86.
               | The laptops and desktops are the same ISA as the iPhone
               | (strategically).
        
               | rangestransform wrote:
               | There was a rumour on here that aarch64 was actually
               | designed by Apple and given to ARM to standardize
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | It's a false rumour. Arm has decades of ISA design
               | experience and their chief architect has talked about
               | designing Aarch64.
               | 
               | Sure they Apple and Arm worked together but it wasn't
               | developed by Apple and given to Arm.
        
               | klelatti wrote:
               | Very unlikely. Moving to Arm allowed Apple to have a
               | single architecture across all their hardware and
               | leverage iPhone designs as the starting point for Mac
               | SoCs.
        
             | wing-_-nuts wrote:
             | >Basically AMD missed the opportunity to be first mover on
             | a market which is now huge with a project Apple proved to
             | be viable three years after the planned AMD release. Any
             | way you look at it, it seems like a major miss.
             | 
             | No man, apple basically had the power to frog march it's
             | app devs to a new cpu arch. That absolutely would not have
             | happened in the windows ecosystem given the amount of
             | legacy apps and (arguably more importantly) games. For
             | proof of this you need look no further than Itanium and
             | windows arm
        
               | LeFantome wrote:
               | Even moreso their hardware buyers.
               | 
               | If most Intel hardware makers had gone full ARM, they
               | would simply have lost market share. Apple customers are
               | going to buy Apple hardware--whatever it has inside.
               | 
               | But of course Apple controls not just the hardware but
               | the OS. So ya, if only Apple hardware will run your
               | application, you are going to port to that hardware.
               | 
               | Apple has a massive advantage in these transitions for
               | sure.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | > apple basically had the power to frog march it's app
               | devs to a new cpu arch
               | 
               | Microsoft's ARM transition execution has been poor.
               | 
               | Apple's Rosetta worked on day one.
               | 
               | Microsoft's Prism still has some issues, but at release
               | its compatibility with legacy x86 software was abysmal.
               | 
               | Apple's first party apps and developer IDE had ARM
               | versions ready to go on day one.
               | 
               | Not so for Microsoft.
               | 
               | Apple released early Dev Kit hardware before the retail
               | hardware was ready to go (at very low cost).
               | 
               | Microsoft did not.
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | Microsoft already had an example of how to do this in a
               | reasonable fashion. Not only that, but the original
               | developer was an ARM licensee. And then finally, during
               | that era Windows was still being developed for multiple
               | architectures.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FX!32
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | That's a good example of a non-Apple processor transition
               | where DEC's Alpha CPU performance was industry leading,
               | and the compatibility layer for legacy software was
               | solid.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | If AMD released a desktop class ARM processor at that time,
             | what software would it have run?
             | 
             | Apple had already switched cpus in Macs twice, it's not
             | surprising that they could do it again, but would they have
             | switched from Intel x86 to AMD ARM when they never used any
             | AMD x86? Seems unlikely.
             | 
             | Focusing on a product that would sell on day one rather
             | than one that would need years to build sales makes sense
             | for a company that was struggling for relevance and
             | continued operations.
        
               | ternaryoperator wrote:
               | Windows and Microsoft apps run on ARM on multiple Surface
               | models.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | Stock valuation is a horrible measure of how well a company
           | has planned for the future. Time has demonstrated this again
           | and again and again.
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | But in this context that future is now and AMD is way
             | better than it was around 2014-2017.
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | He also left AMD 10-years ago (2015).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Keller_(engineer)
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | It is easy to talk after the fact. The giant market opener for
         | ARMs was Apple, many times in business it is better to he a
         | follower once a big market arises.
        
         | doikor wrote:
         | I don't think AMD had the money to properly execute on both Zen
         | and this K12 ARM chip. So they chose the more safer bet of Zen
         | which seems to have worked out really well for them.
        
         | zoeysmithe wrote:
         | AMD was being pummeled by Intel during the time Jim was there
         | and was only the giant we know today when Jim left. AMD did
         | this, mostly, by x64 server market. So AMD did what it could to
         | get around intel's and apple's monopolies. Intel on the server
         | end came in at a higher price, and often worse performance or
         | more power usage, or both. I'm not sure who AMD would have sold
         | ARM to in 2010's. Apple didnt want their product and made their
         | own, cell phone companies were cozy with the established ARM
         | vendors, MS wouldnt launch an actual ARM laptop for years, data
         | centers didn't want it, etc.
         | 
         | Look at intel's various arm or embedded offerings it keep
         | canceling. It can't find buyers. Qualcomm and Samsung other
         | vendors just keep eating up sales in ARM.
         | 
         | Now I imagine AMD sees ARM servers as the future and wants to
         | make sure not to be left behind, on top of ARM desktop/laptop
         | and further embedded.
         | 
         | I think this mostly a sign the world is now moving away from
         | the old x86/64 system that ruled technology for so long. AMD is
         | needs to stay competitive here.
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | He was probably right from a technical perspective. Maybe not
         | from a business one.
         | 
         | I believe Jim Keller is now working on RISC-V which could take
         | the server market by storm in the next 5 years or so.
         | 
         | There are already RISC-V server offerings:
         | 
         | https://labs.scaleway.com/en/em-rv1/
        
         | gloryjulio wrote:
         | Consider that Amd was not far from bankruptcy. They couldn't
         | even execute on their gpu chips consider that they were the
         | duopoly with nvidia and mostly missed the ai wave. Do they even
         | have the capacity to work on arm on top of that?
        
       | Findecanor wrote:
       | BTW. ChipsAndCheese has a recent article on MALL / Infinity
       | Caches, evaluating it in the x86-based AMD Strix Halo APU:
       | 
       | https://chipsandcheese.com/p/evaluating-the-infinity-cache-i...
        
       | arjie wrote:
       | Well, I'm eager to use it. For my home server I use an old power-
       | hungry Epyc 7B13. It's overkill but it can run a lot of things
       | (my blog, other software I use, my family's various pre-
       | configured MCPs we use in Custom GPTs, rudimentary
       | bioinformatics). The truth though is that I hate having to cross-
       | compile from my M1 Mac to the x86_64 server. I would much rather
       | just do an ARM to ARM platform cross-compile (way easier to do
       | and much faster on the Orbstack container platform).
       | 
       | So I went out looking for an ARM-based server of equivalent
       | strength to a Mac Mini that I could find and there's really not
       | that much out there. There's the Qualcomm Snapdragon X Elite
       | which is in only really one actual buyable thing (The Lenovo
       | Ideacentre) and some vaporware Geekom or something product. But
       | this thing doesn't have very good Linux support (it's built for
       | ARM Windows apparently) and it's much costlier than some Apple
       | Silicon running Asahi Linux.
       | 
       | So I'm eventually going to end up with some M1 Ultra Studio or an
       | M4 Mini running Asahi Linux, which seems like such a complete
       | inversion of the days when people would make Hackintoshes.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | ampere?
        
           | arjie wrote:
           | I looked into them but they didn't seem
           | price/performance/watt competitive.
        
       | WorldPeas wrote:
       | fingers crossed it'll eventually get a framework board
        
         | monegator wrote:
         | I always wonder why nobody have never released a framework
         | mainboard with rockchip. There is even one with a - very - slow
         | RISC-V for OS developer FFS.
        
           | extraduder_ire wrote:
           | Even a framework carrier board for pi-style compute modules.
           | There's a few third parties that are close to drop-in
           | replacements.
        
           | Findecanor wrote:
           | It would have to be integrated with other components in the
           | laptop. The RISC-V mainboard was not made by DeepComputing
           | alone. For Framework it was intended as a pilot study in
           | these kinds of partnerships.
        
           | rjsw wrote:
           | Someone could plan to make a RK3688 laptop board for when the
           | chip is released.
        
       | jesperwe wrote:
       | Sounds like a PERFECT chip for my next HomeAssistant box :-D
       | 
       | - Low power when only idling through events from the radio
       | networks
       | 
       | - Low power and reasonable performance when classifying objects
       | in a few video feeds.
       | 
       | - Higher power and performance when occasionally doing STT/TTS
       | and inference on a small local LLM
        
         | nsbk wrote:
         | My thoughts exactly! Although I may end up getting some Mini
         | M1/M2 variant with Asahi Linux instead
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | Long time ago Intel predicted ARM won't be a big deal and they
       | sold XScale to Marvell.
        
         | KeplerBoy wrote:
         | It's only a big deal because of x86 licensing.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | XScale couldn't succeed due to Intel company politics anyway.
         | Intel simply can't do anything other than x86 and they
         | shouldn't try.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | I'm curious what operating system will this run. Linux, Android,
       | Windows?
        
         | LogicHound wrote:
         | > The chip is expected to power future Microsoft Surface
         | products scheduled for release in 2026.
         | 
         | It looks like it is intended to run Windows Arm.
        
         | shmerl wrote:
         | Hardware shouldn't be limited to a single operating system.
        
       | criticalfault wrote:
       | If it was ordered by Microsoft and paid by Microsoft to be
       | developed, fine.
       | 
       | But, wouldn't it make more sense for amd to go into risc-v at
       | this point of time?
        
         | jmspring wrote:
         | there are two predominant architectures right now (right or
         | wrong), amd64 and arm64. Why the F would amd invest in risc
         | when their gpus are well above intel in specs and explain the
         | biz market approach for risc...
        
           | speed_spread wrote:
           | So they don't have to pay for ARM licensing and have a chance
           | to compete with the upcoming cheap and fast Chinese RISCV
           | CPUs.
        
       | darkamaul wrote:
       | Better (or simply more) ARM processors, no matter who makes them,
       | are a win. They tend to be far more power-efficient, and with
       | performance-per-watt improving each generation, pushing for wider
       | ARM adoption is a practical step toward lowering overall energy
       | consumption.
        
         | coffeebeqn wrote:
         | How is running desktop Linux on these?
        
           | hmlwilliams wrote:
           | I run desktop linux via postmarketOS on a Lenovo Duet 5
           | (Snapdragon 7c). It isn't the most powerful device and the
           | webcam doesn't work but other than that it works well and
           | battery life is excellent
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | > the webcam doesn't work
             | 
             | But.. ..why? Of all things, I would have expected the
             | webcam to _not_ be cpu-related..
        
               | avhception wrote:
               | IIRC, it's because the ARM designs tend to use camera
               | modules that come from smartphone-land.
               | 
               | Cameras used on x86-64 usually just work using that usb
               | webcam standard driver (what is that called again?
               | uvcvideo?). But these smartphone-land cameras don't
               | adhere to that standard, they probably don't connect
               | using USB. They are designed to be used with the SoC
               | vendor's downstream fork of Android or whatever, using
               | proprietary blobs.
        
               | viraptor wrote:
               | A similar thing is happening in Intel land recently,
               | where the cameras use ipu6 / ipu7 chips rather than
               | dumping simple frames over USB. But this way we get a
               | higher resolution / quality at least.
        
               | throwaway173738 wrote:
               | It's usually MIPI or some variant. There's probably a way
               | to enable the video stream but you also have to talk to
               | the control module itself which is on a different bus.
        
         | ahoka wrote:
         | Are ARM processors inherently power efficient? I doubt.
         | 
         | Performance per watt is increasing due to the lithography.
         | 
         | Also, Devon's paradox.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Aside from lithography there's clever design. I don't think
           | you can quantify that but it's not nothing.
        
             | eb0la wrote:
             | Actually power efficiency was a side effect of having a
             | straightforward design in the first ARM processor. The BBC
             | needed a cheap (but powerful) processor for the Acort
             | computer and a RISC chip was When ARM started testing their
             | processor, they found out it draw very little power...
             | 
             | ... the rest is history.
        
               | delaminator wrote:
               | The BBC Micro had a 6502
        
               | iainmerrick wrote:
               | You're getting your history mixed up.
               | 
               | Acorn won the bid to make the original BBC home computer,
               | with a 6502-based design.
               | 
               | Acorn later designed their own 32-bit chip, the ARM, to
               | try to leapfrog their competitors who were moving to the
               | 68000 or 386, and later spun off ARM as a separate
               | company.
        
           | jorvi wrote:
           | They aren't inherently power efficient because of technical
           | reasons, but because of design culture reasons.
           | 
           | Traditionally x86 has been built powerful and power hungry
           | and then designers scaled the chips down whereas it's the
           | opposite for ARM.
           | 
           | For whatever reason, this also makes it possible to get much
           | bigger YoY performance gains in ARM. The Apple M4 is a mature
           | design[0] and yet a year later the M5 is CPU +15% GPU +30%
           | memory bandwidth +28%.
           | 
           | The Snapdragon Elite X series is showing a similar
           | trajectory.
           | 
           | So Jim Keller ended up being wrong that ISA doesn't matter.
           | Its just that it's the people in the ISA that matter, not the
           | silicon.
           | 
           | [0] its design traces all the way back to the A12 from 2018,
           | and in some fundamental ways even to the A10 from 2016.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Do you have any actual evidence for that? Intel _does_ care
             | about power efficiency - they 've been making mobile CPUs
             | for decades. And I don't think they are lacking intelligent
             | chip designers.
             | 
             | I would need some strong evidence to make me think it _isn
             | 't_ the ISA that makes the difference.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | Isn't Lunar Lake first mobile chip with focus on energy
               | eff? And it is reasonably efficient
               | 
               | We will see how big improvement is it's successor panther
               | lake in January on 18A node
               | 
               | >I would need some strong evidence to make me think it
               | isn't the ISA that makes the difference.
               | 
               | It is like saying that Java syntax is faster than C#
               | syntax.
               | 
               | Everything is about the implementation: compiler, jit,
               | runtime, stdlib, etc
               | 
               | If you spent decades of effort on peformance and ghz then
               | don't be shocked that someone who spent decades on energy
               | eff is better in that category
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > Isn't Lunar Lake first mobile chip with focus on energy
               | eff?
               | 
               | Not by a long shot.
               | 
               | Over a decade ago, one of my college professors was an
               | ex-intel engineer who worked on Intel's mobile chips. He
               | was even involved in an Intel ARM chip that ultimately
               | never launched (At least I think it never launched. It's
               | been over a decade :D).
               | 
               | The old conroe processors were based on Intel's mobile
               | chips (Yonah). Netburst didn't focus on power efficiency
               | explicitly so and that drove Intel into a corner.
               | 
               | Power efficiency is core to CPU design and always has
               | been. It's easy create a chip that consumes 300W idle.
               | The question is really how far that efficiency is driven.
               | And that may be your point. Lunar Lake certainly looks
               | like Intel deciding to really put a lot of resource on
               | improving power efficiency. But it's not the first time
               | they did that. The Intel Atom is another decades long
               | series which was specifically created with power in mind
               | (the N150 is the current iteration of it).
        
               | mrsmrtss wrote:
               | Actually, if you had made an opposite example, it might
               | have gone against your point. ;) C# gives you a lot more
               | control over memory and other low-level aspects, after
               | all.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | Yet how much perf in recent dot nets comes from that, and
               | how much comes from "Span<T>"ning whole BCL?
        
               | mrsmrtss wrote:
               | There's much more to it than just Span<T>. Take a look at
               | the performance improvements in .NET 10:
               | https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/performance-
               | improvemen.... When it comes to syntax, even something
               | like structs (value types) can be a decisive factor in
               | certain scenarios. C# is fast and with some effort, it
               | can be very fast! Check out the benchmarks here:
               | https://benchmarksgame-
               | team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/...
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | I know that C# is fast, this is my favourite lang, but it
               | is hard to say honestly which one is faster
               | 
               | I love the saying "i dont trust benchmarks that i didn't
               | fake myself"
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | That's semantics though, not syntax. What's holding Java
               | performance back in some areas is its semantics.
               | 
               | It might be the same with x86 and power-efficiency
               | (semantics being the issue), but there doesn't seem to be
               | a consensus on that.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | > It is like saying that Java syntax is faster than C#
               | syntax.
               | 
               | Java and C# are very similar so that analogy might make
               | sense if you were comparing e.g. RISC-V and MIPS. But ARM
               | and x86 are _very_ different, so it 's more like saying
               | that Go is faster than Javascript. Which... surprise
               | surprise it is (usually)! That's despite the investment
               | into Javascript implementation dwarfing the investment
               | into Go.
        
               | jorvi wrote:
               | https://chipsandcheese.com/p/arm-or-x86-isa-doesnt-matter
               | 
               | Basically, x86 uses op caches and micro ops which reduces
               | instruction decoder use, the decoder itself doesn't use
               | significant power, and ARM also uses op caches and micro
               | ops to improve performance. So there is little effective
               | difference. Micro ops and branch prediction is where the
               | big wins are and both ISAs use them extensively.
               | 
               | If the hardware is equal and the designers are equally
               | skilled, yet one ISA consistently pulls ahead, that leads
               | to the likely conclusion that the _way_ the chips get
               | designed must be different for teams using the winning
               | ISA.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, the same is happening in GPU land.
               | Infamously, the M1 Ultra GPU at 120W equals the
               | performance of the RTX 3090 at 320W (!).
               | 
               | That same M1 also smoked an Intel i9.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | ARM doesn't use micro-ops in the same way as x86 does at
               | all. And that's not the only difference, e.g. x86 has
               | TSO.
               | 
               | I'm not saying the skill of the design team makes zero
               | difference, but it's ludicrous to say that the ISA makes
               | _no_ difference at all.
               | 
               | The claims about the M1 Ultra appear to be marketing
               | nonsense:
               | 
               | https://www.reddit.com/r/MachineLearning/comments/tbj4lf/
               | d_a...
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | > Infamously, the M1 Ultra GPU at 120W equals the
               | performance of the RTX 3090 at 320W
               | 
               | That's not true.
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | Intel has made SOC designs with power efficiency very,
               | very close to M series. Look at lunar lake and compare it
               | to what was available at the time.
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | As far as I know people aren't part of ISA :)
        
               | lambdaone wrote:
               | People are absolutely part of an ISA's ecosystem. The ISA
               | is the interface between code and CPU, but the code is
               | generally emitted by compilers, and executed in the
               | context of runtimes and operating systems, all designed
               | by people and ultimately dependent on their knowledge of
               | and engagement with the ISA. And for hot code in high-
               | performance applications, people will still be writing
               | directly in assembler directly to the ISA.
        
               | high_na_euv wrote:
               | ISA != ISAs ecosystem
               | 
               | ISA is just ISA
        
               | chrystalkey wrote:
               | But you get the Environment for free if you choose the
               | ISA, so ISA=>ISA ecosystem. It really does matter when
               | making a decision
        
             | znpy wrote:
             | You're conveniently skipping the part where x86 can run
             | software from 40 years ago but arm can drop entire
             | instruction sets no problem (eg: jazelle).
             | 
             | Had been arm so weighted by backwards compatibility i doubt
             | it would be so good as it is.
             | 
             | I really think intel/amd should draw a line somewhere
             | around late 2000 and drop compatibility with stuff that
             | slow down their processors.
        
               | le-mark wrote:
               | > jazelle
               | 
               | That's a blast from the past; native Java bytecode! Did
               | anyone actually use that? Some J2ME phones maybe? Is
               | there a more relevant example?
        
           | iberator wrote:
           | Yes they are. RISC philosophy apart from instruction set is
           | also low gate count (so less energy used).
           | 
           | Nvidia can design super clean solution fron scratch - i can
           | bet 50$ that its gonna be more efficient in MIPS/watt
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Most of the gates on a cpu are not instruction decoding.
        
           | cwizou wrote:
           | According to an AMD engineer I asked at the time, when they
           | evaluated Ryzen/K12, it was "maybe" a 15% advantage for ARM
           | depending on scenarios.
           | 
           | The efficiency came solely from the frontend which is a lot
           | heavier on x86, and stay up longer because decoding is way
           | more complex. The execution units were the same (at least
           | mostly, I think, might be misremembering) so once you are
           | past the frontend there's barely any difference in power
           | efficiency.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | With the caveat that ARM isn't a industry standard like PC has
         | become, thus while propritary OSes can thrive, FOSS has a much
         | higher challenge other than OEM specific distros or downstream
         | forks.
         | 
         | Stuff like this, https://www.amazon.de/-/en/Microsoft-
         | Corporation/dp/15723171...
        
           | antonkochubey wrote:
           | There are the Arm SystemReady and ServerReady
           | requirements/specifications that enable generic board support
           | by the OSes.
        
             | pjmlp wrote:
             | Thanks, I thought we were still on device trees and little
             | else.
        
               | jakogut wrote:
               | Practically speaking, very few systems actually support
               | SystemReady. There's an experimental port of edk2 for the
               | Raspberry Pi, but some hardware is unavailable when using
               | it.
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | The ARM server platforms seem quite decent here? But
               | yeah, pick any small dev board and I suspect it looks
               | quite different.
        
         | high_na_euv wrote:
         | ISA is not that relevant, it is all about what you want to
         | achieve with your CPU
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | For a CPU vendor, ISA is very relevant: most buyers will
           | start their buying decision with ISA choice already fixed,
           | and a vendor who can't offer a CPU with that ISA simply isn't
           | in the race.
           | 
           | It does not matter whether you are a believer in horses for
           | courses when it comes to ISA, or a believer in "frontend ISA
           | does not matter because it's all translated away anyways":
           | when buyers don't want what you have, you are out. And buyers
           | are more like a stampeding herd than like rational actors
           | when it comes to ISA choice. I'd see offering CPU for
           | multiple ISA as an important hedge against the herd changing
           | direction.
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | The context is: ISA's peformance and efficiency
             | characteristics
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | What AMD wants to achieve with their CPU: sell them,
               | preferably at a nice profit. If ISA is truly not relevant
               | for performance and efficiency characteristics, all the
               | more reason for them to not bet on any particular ISA but
               | spread out, to already be there wherever the buying herd
               | goes.
        
         | snarfy wrote:
         | Meh, performance-per-watt is not what everybody wants. I only
         | want it in that it affords more raw performance by allowing
         | more watts to be pumped through it without thermal overload.
         | But if that can't actually happen then I'm still more
         | interested in x86. Sure the lights dim when I turn my PC on,
         | but I want the performance.
        
       | spiderfarmer wrote:
       | I don't think I'm using x86 for anything anymore. All the PC's in
       | my home are ARM, the phones are ARM, the TV's are ARM and even
       | the webservers I'm running are ARM nowadays.
        
         | LeFantome wrote:
         | You do not have a laptop? Or is it a Mac?
        
       | dangus wrote:
       | Wow. This could really be a big deal, especially if it's more of
       | an openly available product than what Qualcomm has on offer.
       | 
       | For me personally I'd love it if this made it to a framework
       | mainboard. I wouldn't even mind the soldered memory, I understand
       | the technical tradeoff there.
        
       | heavyset_go wrote:
       | I want a hybrid APU, perhaps an x86 host with ARM co-processors
       | that can be used to run arm64 code natively/do some clever
       | virtualization. Or maybe the other way around, with ARM hosts and
       | x86 co-processors. Or they can do some weird HMP stuff instead of
       | co-processors.
        
         | signa11 wrote:
         | risc-v would have been so much cooler.
        
           | signa11 wrote:
           | why the downvote ? an explanation please...thank you!
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | I'll take whatever the industry adopts, hopefully that's
           | RISCV over ARM.
        
         | ggm wrote:
         | Rosetta shows translation works. Why complicate the os with
         | multiple ISA?
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | Or put differently, why bake the CPU instruction sets into
           | the chips? What Apple has shown is that emulating x86 can
           | actually rival or be faster than a natively running x86 chip.
           | There are currently two major ones (ARM, x86) and an up-and-
           | coming minor one (e.g. RISC-V), and lots of legacy ones
           | (SPARC, MIPS, PowerPC, etc.). All these can be emulated.
           | Native compilation is an optimization that can happen at
           | build time (traditional compilers), at distribution time
           | (Android stores do this), just before the first run
           | (Rosetta), or on the fly (QEMU).
           | 
           | Chip manufacturers need to focus on making power-efficient,
           | high-performance workhorses. Apple figured this out first and
           | got frustrated enough with Intel, who was more preoccupied
           | with vendor lock-in than with doing the one thing they were
           | supposed to do: developing best-in-class chips. The jump from
           | x86 to M1 completely destroyed Intel's reputation on that
           | front. Turns out all those incremental changes over the years
           | were them just moving deck chairs around. AMD was just
           | tagging along and did not offer much more than them. They too
           | got sidelined by Apple's move. They never were much better in
           | terms of efficiency and speed. So them now maybe getting back
           | into ARM chips is a sign that times are changing and x86 is
           | becoming a legacy architecture.
           | 
           | This shouldn't matter. Both Apple and Microsoft have
           | emulation capability. Apple is of course retiring theirs, but
           | that's more of a prioritization/locking strategy than it is
           | for technical reasons. This is the third time they've pulled
           | off emulation as a strategy to go to a new architecture:
           | Motorola 68000 to PowerPC to x86 to ARM. Emulation has worked
           | great for decades. It has broken the grip X86 has had on the
           | market for four decades.
        
             | cesarb wrote:
             | > Or put differently, why bake the CPU instruction sets
             | into the chips?
             | 
             | There is more to a CPU instruction set than just
             | instruction encodings. For instance, x86 has flags which
             | are updated (sometimes partially) by a lot of instructions,
             | and a stronger memory model (TSO), while RISC-V has its own
             | peculiar ideas on the result of an integer division by
             | zero.
             | 
             | > What Apple has shown is that emulating x86 can actually
             | rival or be faster than a natively running x86 chip.
             | 
             | AFAIK, Apple has special support in its processors for
             | emulating x86. It has a hardware mode which emulates the
             | x86 memory model, and IIRC also has something in hardware
             | to help emulate the x86 flags register.
        
               | snvzz wrote:
               | >while RISC-V has its own peculiar ideas on the result of
               | an integer division by zero.
               | 
               | Yeah, it does. Its architects knew that it is cheaper to,
               | when necessary, check and branch if the divisor is zero
               | than it is to deal with exceptions.
               | 
               | Thus that hardware budget can instead be used for making
               | the chip faster and more power efficient.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > It has a hardware mode which emulates the x86 memory
               | model, and IIRC also has something in hardware to help
               | emulate the x86 flags register.
               | 
               | AFAIK, the memory model is the main missing piece. And it
               | seems like it's certainly something that could be
               | implemented separately. IMO, it's something the ARM group
               | could (and probably should) easily add into the platform.
               | 
               | The flags register is a minor thing that's pretty easy to
               | pull off. Most of the x86 instructions that mess with the
               | flags have direct ARM instructions. The ones that don't
               | can easily be emulated by burning a register and
               | maintaining the flags in said register when needs be.
               | 
               | I think the other important thing to note is that while
               | x86 has a wealth of exotic functions that do wild things,
               | a lot of those instructions aren't generated by any
               | modern compiler. Not saying you can't find a stray
               | `ENTER`/`LEAVE` instruction in old software, it's just
               | not likely. That significantly cuts down on weird
               | instructions doing wild things harming performance.
               | 
               | A quick google about what apple did to support x86 flags
               | is they added undocumented bits to their own flags
               | register to help support 8080 instructions.
        
         | GCUMstlyHarmls wrote:
         | Im too dumb to know _why_?
         | 
         | Why have both to run native arm64 code? Nearly anything you'd
         | want is cross compiled/compilable (save some macOS stuff but
         | that's more than just CPU architecture).
         | 
         | My understanding is that ARM chips can be more efficient? Hence
         | them being used in phones etc.
         | 
         | I guess it would let you run android stuff "natively"?
         | 
         | Or perhaps you imagine running Blender in x64 mode and discord
         | in the low wattage ARM chip?
        
           | heavyset_go wrote:
           | I imagine running ARM code on ARM cores would be more
           | efficient than running them on x86 with or without
           | compatibility extensions, and vice versa.
           | 
           | Instead of always playing catch-up platform-wise for
           | compatibility, just embed the ISA platforms into the chips
           | themselves.
           | 
           | As for why: because I'm not abandoning x86 any time soon and
           | this would ease ARM transition. I also think it would set a
           | foundation for hardware-based secure virtualization across
           | platforms.
        
         | aj_hackman wrote:
         | This is what the Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier was supposed to be,
         | but the x86 frontend wasn't shipped due to license issues.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Denver
        
       | pantulis wrote:
       | Anybody else finds it very confusing that this is called Sound
       | Wave and it's not a specific chip for sound synthesis
       | applications?
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | I was hoping it'd be a very cool soundcard, perhaps with
         | unlimited General Midi channels.
        
           | fecal_henge wrote:
           | 10^5 orchestra hit polyphony.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | Finally a realistic helicopter sound?
        
               | armonster wrote:
               | what is the reference here, out of curiosity
        
           | glhaynes wrote:
           | If somebody ever buys up the Gravis Ultrasound name, you'll
           | know things are about to get wild.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Perhaps it is named after the Decepticon?
        
         | xoac wrote:
         | Not sure what their intention is of course, but nowadays there
         | is A LOT of Cortexes in various sound gear. Plenty in things
         | like Eurorack but also outboard equipment like the Eventide
         | H9000 etc.
        
         | noelwelsh wrote:
         | From the name you'd expect a simple sound card, but look deeper
         | and there is more than meets the eye [1]
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundwave_(Transformers)
        
         | rs186 wrote:
         | I mean, "Coffee Lake" does not make much sense either.
        
           | BirAdam wrote:
           | Yeah. I imagine heaven with a lake full of fresh, delicious,
           | and aromatic coffee... instead, there's just... a 14nm part
           | (surprise!) on socket 1151.
        
             | MindSpunk wrote:
             | I can't even remember how many plusses into 14nm we were
             | when Coffee Lake dropped.
        
         | duped wrote:
         | A common trend in audio systems is that the market cap is too
         | small for economies of scale when it comes to commodity parts
         | like processors. There are a handful of audio-specific chips
         | that are common but processors are not one of them (any more).
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | I have an AMD Seattle in a cupboard somewhere.
       | https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2017/06/01/amd-seattle-lemaker-ce...
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | They should move to risc-v instead.
        
         | sydbarrett74 wrote:
         | That will probably happen eventually, but right now RISC-V only
         | has the hp for embedded or peripheral uses. It will continue to
         | nip at ARM's heels for the next 5-10 years.
        
           | snvzz wrote:
           | RVA23 chips will definitely be seen next year.
           | 
           | So far, Tenstorrent promises Ascalon devboards for 2026Q2.
           | 
           | Performance should be similar if not above AMD Zen2 or Apple
           | M1.
           | 
           | By 2027, I expect there will be no gap left to close.
        
             | sylware wrote:
             | And for self-hosting and things like NAS, risc-v is already
             | here.
        
             | jabl wrote:
             | Seems there's an awful lot of slideware in the high-
             | performance RISC-V department. We'll see when/if the rubber
             | hits the road, I suppose.
             | 
             | Longer term, I think the future looks bright for RISC-V. If
             | nothing else, at least the Chinese are investing heavily
             | into it, for obvious reasons wrt avoiding sanctions and
             | such.
        
       | gsliepen wrote:
       | Could be an interesting chip for a future Raspberry Pi model?
       | With Radeon having nice open source drivers, it would be easy to
       | run a vanilla Linux OS on it. The TDP looks compatible as well.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | This looks way too good for a RPi. They save money by using old
         | and broken IP on an old fab.
        
       | xbmcuser wrote:
       | Oh I hope the price is low enough that this be a real media box
       | chip competitor fir streaming devices. Nvidia Shield Tegra chip
       | from 2015 is still one of the best in this space. And with nvidia
       | making all the AI money is not interested in making a new device.
       | Apple TV the only real alternative does not support audio
       | passthrough so is not as open as android or Linux media boxes.
        
         | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
         | I think Amlogic, Mediatek and Qualcomm all have SoC which are
         | significantly better than the Tegra for this use case. It's
         | just that the market barely exists as most consumers use their
         | tv directly so no one really wants to make a media box anymore.
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | Yeah, whether AMD is willing to go after some market low end
         | has long been TBD. Intel's N100/N97/N150 is everywhere & very
         | affordable, seemingly, based off some of the system prices. AMD
         | doesn't have anything remotely like it.
         | 
         | The chip here is an interesting mix. Fast ddr5-9600! But less
         | GPU CU's than most APUs: 4 down from 6. But if it comes with
         | the other fixings like a good video engine & AMD's very good
         | drivers it could be a real win.
         | 
         | Also a little hopeful that AMD rebadging it's Zen 1 and Zen 2
         | chips again might possible open up some decent low end space,
         | but Sound Wave with more modern solutions would be a very nice
         | to have power efficient low end.
        
       | fithisux wrote:
       | Now imagine people having written Assembly x86/x64 desktop apps
       | or inline in native code.
       | 
       | They will be very happy.
        
       | moffkalast wrote:
       | > Memory support is another highlight: the chip integrates a
       | 128-bit LPDDR5X-9600 controller and will reportedly include 16 GB
       | of onboard RAM, aligning with current trends in unified memory
       | designs used in ARM SoCs. Additionally, the APU carries AMD's
       | fourth-generation AI engine, enabling on-device inference tasks
       | 
       | 128-bit LPDDR5X-9600 is about 150 GB/s, that's 50% better than an
       | Orin NX. If they can sell these things for less than like $500
       | then it would be a pretty decent deal for edge inference. 16 GB
       | is ridiculously tiny for the use case though when it's actually
       | more like 15 in practice and the OS and other stuff then takes
       | another two or three, leaving you with like 12 maybe. Hopefully
       | there's a 32 GB model eventually...
        
       | thoughtsyntax wrote:
       | It's exciting to see AMD trying ARM again, competition always
       | brings better chips for everyone.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | They could do it if Apple and nVidia didn't buy all the available
       | fab slots.
        
       | schmorptron wrote:
       | Now to do speculation on top of speculation on top of
       | speculation: Valve's next vr headset deckard / steam frame is
       | also rumored to be using an ARM chip, and with them being quite
       | close with AMD since the steam deck custom APU (although that one
       | was apparently just something originally intended for magic leap
       | before that fell apart), this could be in there + be powerful
       | enough to run standalone VR.
        
       | throawayonthe wrote:
       | i guess jeff geerling and others have been doing driver testing
       | for them by running AMD GPUs on RPIs :P
        
       | Pet_Ant wrote:
       | Couldn't you switch up the decoder logic and make it a RISC-V
       | chip and just blow away existing competition that isn't quite Pi
       | yet?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | The decoder is made by Arm who is never going to do that.
        
           | LeFantome wrote:
           | I think that is the point being made. Replace the ARM decoder
           | with a RISC-V one and make a RISC-V chip with SoundWave
           | performance using the RISC-V ISA.
           | 
           | The fact that you have to argue with ARM about what you are
           | allowed to do is the main reason not to use ARM. RISC-V is
           | not about cost; it is about control. ARM suing Qualcomm to
           | stop Elite X should be everything the industry needs to know
           | to choose RISC-V wherever possible.
           | 
           | If you are going to launch a chip for yourself (like Apple
           | did with Apple Silicon) or Amazon did with Graviton, I would
           | choose RISC-V over ARM if starting today. That is what
           | Tenstorrent did for their platform. I can see NVIDIA
           | releasing their own RISC-V chip.
           | 
           | In the case of AMD, what are their customers asking for?
           | Probably not RISC-V at this point (sadly). So ARM makes a lot
           | of sense for them.
           | 
           | To get back to the original suggestion, replacing the ARM
           | decoder in SoundWave with a RISC-V one, I do not know how
           | feasible that is in practice. The entire chip is designed
           | around the ISA, especially registers and memory model. It is
           | not like compiling Kotlin instead of Java. Or rather, it
           | could be like that if both ARM and RISC-V instructions were
           | designed to compile down to the same micro-architecture (but
           | they are not).
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | My point is that you can't take a core like X925 and modify
             | it because Arm won't allow it. If you want a RISC-V core
             | you have to design it yourself.
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | AMD has been making ARM chips for a long time (they bought Xilinx
       | and have been an ARM licensee for forever). This is just their
       | first APU (graphics plus cpu) with an ARM core as the CPU.
       | 
       | https://www.amd.com/en/products/adaptive-socs-and-fpgas/soc....
        
         | strangattractor wrote:
         | Maybe it would be better for them to enter the Risc-V market.
         | My working thesis is that SoftBank had milked the Arm cow dry.
         | That is why they took it public to pawn the dregs off onto the
         | retail investor. Paying for an Arm license is wasted money and
         | akin to paying for an OS these days.
        
           | rangestransform wrote:
           | Arm IP cores are catching up to Apple silicon now with Arm-C1
        
           | indolering wrote:
           | This is a "why not both" strategy: ARM has the market share
           | whereas the RISC-V ecosystem is still being built up. Once
           | you have a RISC based chip, it's not nearly as much work to
           | change to another RISC ISA.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | > The chip is expected to power future Microsoft Surface
           | products scheduled for release in 2026.
           | 
           | They would have to persuade MS to create Windows for RISC-V
           | in this case.
        
           | runjake wrote:
           | _> Maybe it would be better for them to enter the Risc-V
           | market_
           | 
           | The demand isn't there for the RISC-V product. AMD is
           | exploring this space[1][2] but they aren't bringing them to
           | market because sufficient demand isn't there _yet_.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.amd.com/en/products/software/adaptive-socs-
           | and-f...
           | 
           | 2. https://www.amd.com/en/products/software/adaptive-socs-
           | and-f...
        
       | Western0 wrote:
       | I don't know if the new processors will be better, but they will
       | definitely be AI.
       | 
       | ;-P
        
       | pseudosavant wrote:
       | If AMD releases an APU that is just using off-the-shelf ARM
       | Cortex cores, it will be completely uninteresting and won't
       | matter. Lots of companies have done that. I'd love to see them
       | dedicate an amount of resources to an ARM processor that makes it
       | competitive with their Ryzen x86 line.
        
         | aneutron wrote:
         | While I agree with the general idea, I think the sales pitch is
         | less "a bunch of ARM Cortex cores" and more "a bunch of RDNA2
         | cores stuck to the same Cortex cores you're used to".
         | 
         | For things like the automotive industry or industrial
         | applications, it could have some sense. Most are high-margin
         | industries ready to commit to specific architectures.
        
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