[HN Gopher] Some people can't see mental images
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Some people can't see mental images
        
       https://archive.ph/iMdvd
        
       Author : petalmind
       Score  : 126 points
       Date   : 2025-10-30 17:45 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.newyorker.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.newyorker.com)
        
       | ourguile wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/iMdvd
       | 
       | I have aphantasia and it always astounds me when I see an article
       | like this, or hear a friend talking about it (about not having
       | it) and realize that their experience of the world is so
       | fundamentally different than my own.
        
         | tekacs wrote:
         | Have you seen the Aphantasia Apples?
         | 
         | https://lianamscott.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/f4c55-1_b...
         | 
         | As in: if you look at this image, can you place yourself on a
         | scale of 1 - 5 of with what kind of fidelity you can picture an
         | apple if you try to imagine it?
         | 
         | I'm a 5 for example, and in asking many people this question
         | I've gotten a solid spectrum of answers from 1 - 5. Generally
         | in a single group of a handful of people I'll get several
         | different numbers.
        
           | ourguile wrote:
           | I have seen it and unfortunately, I'm a 5. I quite literally
           | cannot picture an apple in any form. I understand what I'm
           | supposed to be picturing but when I try there's nothing that
           | appears. It's fascinating to me too, since I typically have
           | quite vivid dreams and I've been able to lucid dream on a
           | number of occasions.
           | 
           | Now, I've chatted with friends, and my one friend is close to
           | a 2, or maybe a 1 from how he described it (being able to
           | visualize the apple and rotate it 3-dimensionally).
        
           | seneca wrote:
           | I fully believe this to be real, but I struggle to
           | internalize that there are people who genuinely can't picture
           | an apple. That is a very useful simple tool. Thank you for
           | sharing it.
           | 
           | Even this feels like only a partial scale. I can picture what
           | an apple looks like, rotate it in my, and see how light would
           | reflect off of it as it moves.
           | 
           | How about smell? Can you call you mind what it would smell
           | like to slice open an apple and experience that in some
           | sense? Or what it would sound or feel like? I'm curious if
           | it's literally "seeing" or if it's the entire experience of
           | imagining an event.
        
             | Xiol wrote:
             | I'm not the person you're replying to, but I'm also a 5.
             | 
             | I can do none of the things you describe. I _know_ how an
             | apple looks, smells, tastes and sounds when you cut into
             | it, but I can 't visualise or hear those sounds at will. I
             | cannot call to mind any visual image of an apple.
             | 
             | I also can't visualise my wife or children's faces,
             | although again, I know what they look like (so it's not
             | face blindness).
             | 
             | I do think I also have SDAM as well, which I think quite
             | often goes hand in hand with total aphantasia.
             | 
             | Hasn't really affected how I go about in the world. I don't
             | feel deficient in any way. It was only a few years ago I
             | found out my experience isn't what the majority
             | experiences.
        
               | seneca wrote:
               | This is incredible to me. I wonder if you have some other
               | mechanism of "knowing" or recalling that I don't that
               | substitutes in. It's entirely possible, given that so
               | many people report not being aware their experience is
               | atypical.
               | 
               | I find this absolutely fascinating. I appreciate you
               | sharing.
        
             | hyperbolablabla wrote:
             | I'm 4 at a push. When I read, I see _very_ vague images in
             | my head, but that's about it.
             | 
             | I'm very adept at conjuring up sound, though. Maybe it
             | doesn't apply in the same way, but I can hear full
             | symphonies and pick out individual instruments and
             | harmonies and the like.
        
         | nogha wrote:
         | I also have it I'm in my late forties and only found out last
         | year. It blew my mind people saw, heard and smelled things in
         | there mind.
         | 
         | I barely ever dream.
         | 
         | Guided meditation has never worked for me.
         | 
         | I have a crazy good sense of direction. My girlfriend doesn't
         | understand how that works if I can't see it in my mind.
         | 
         | I do have vivid recall of what things look like but I don't see
         | them at all.
         | 
         | It all made so much more sense when I figured this out.
        
       | Simulacra wrote:
       | Is this related to internal monologue? I don't see mentioned in
       | my view.
        
         | ourguile wrote:
         | I've seen some sections discussing memory, but not necessarily
         | internal monologue.
        
         | drdec wrote:
         | I don't think so.
         | 
         | Anecdotally I know someone with aphantasia and they report
         | having an internal monologue.
        
           | khazhoux wrote:
           | I'm aphantasic and can hear internal monologue just fine.
        
           | racingmars wrote:
           | From everything I've read about aphantasia, I'm certain it
           | described me -- I have absolutely no ability to consciously
           | "visualize" things in my head (I was also surprised to learn
           | that some/most people sometimes experience a smell sensation
           | if they recall smells, or "hear" music when they think about
           | music or have a song stuck in their head, etc.)
           | 
           | Really the _only_ thing in my head is my internal monologue.
           | If I 'm thinking about something I've seen, it's my internal
           | monologue "saying," with words, physical attributes I
           | remember about it. If a song is stuck in my head, it's my
           | internal monologue (in my own voice) signing the lyrics or my
           | own voice humming the tune in my head. No sensation of it
           | being the original artist or the actual instruments, it's
           | 100% my own voice in my own head.
           | 
           | I have a friend who says she does not have any inner
           | monologue at all, and thinks entirely visually. I can't
           | imagine! We're on the pretty extreme opposite ends of the
           | spectrum of how we think, apparently.
        
             | kbrkbr wrote:
             | Yes, that. Same here.
             | 
             | I still remember (semantically) that my parents laughed at
             | me, when they told me to count sheep to fall asleep and I
             | told them all I can see is darkness and white dots when I
             | close my eyes. They probably thought I was joking.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Yeah, aphantasia is talked about a lot but similarly whether
         | people have an internal monologue, and to what degree, varies a
         | lot. But they're not necessarily highly correlated, if at all.
        
         | YcYc10 wrote:
         | I think it might be. I'm pretty sure I don't have an internal
         | monologue the way people describe it, and I definitely can't
         | conjure up actual images in my mind. I can however imagine
         | sounds or music.
        
         | aurumque wrote:
         | There is a related set of experiences that articles like this
         | tend to conflate.
         | 
         | * presence of internal monologue
         | 
         | * ability for visualization
         | 
         | * ability for audiation
         | 
         | * affective memory (remembering feelings)
         | 
         | * SDAM (weak autobiographical memory)
         | 
         | It speaks to the larger questions around the human experience,
         | and that we are only now discovering the many ways it differs
         | for each individual.
        
       | zeryx wrote:
       | That's me! I can visualize processes really well, and complex
       | systems. But ask me to picture or hear something in my head and
       | I'll just stare at you.
        
         | YcYc10 wrote:
         | I was about to write something almost exactly this. However I
         | can "hear something" if I try but definitely not picture
         | something in the literal sense.
         | 
         | Edit: I also have trouble recognising the faces of people I've
         | only met once or twice, and I'm assuming the two things are
         | related. Do you have the same?
        
           | zeryx wrote:
           | Yes same even multiple times, but if I met them online
           | (slack, teams) I'll always remember them.
           | 
           | When I was younger I was much worse at recognizing people and
           | names, as an adult it's gotten much better
        
         | Matticus_Rex wrote:
         | For what definition of "visualize?" I have partial aphantasia
         | but am great at understanding the inner workings of complex
         | systems/processes. I used to think of it as visualization until
         | aphantasia discourse, and then I realized it's not really
         | visual at all, though there seem to be dimensional/spatial
         | elements.
        
         | pitdicker wrote:
         | To add something similar: I am now at the point where maybe a
         | few times a day I can visualize a glimpse of a memory, but
         | otherwise it is blank and I have no visual dreams. But it does
         | not hinder the ability to think about complex systems in any
         | way. My day job involves making 2D technical drawings from
         | multiple angles, 3D modelling, and of course to come up with
         | the solutions before putting in the work of drawing/modelling
         | stuff.
        
       | andy99 wrote:
       | I've read tons of these and still have no idea if I have
       | aphantasia or not. I can't understand whether people just have
       | different ways of describing what's in their minds eye or if
       | there's really a fundamental difference.
        
         | thecaio wrote:
         | I was thinking the same! At first, I thought I was firmly in
         | the "can clearly visualize" camp, but the more I read and hear
         | people describe how they form (or don't) mental images, the
         | less sure I am.
        
         | bigyikes wrote:
         | I've interrogated people about this but can never get a
         | straight answer.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | "So you can really see things in your head when your eyes are
         | closed?"
         | 
         | Yeah!
         | 
         | "And it's as though you're seeing the object in front of you?"
         | 
         | Yeah, you don't have that?
         | 
         | "So it's like you're _really_ seeing it? It's the sensation of
         | sight?"
         | 
         | Well... it's kind of different. I'm not _really_ seeing it.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | ...and around we go.
         | 
         | Personally, I can see images when I dream, but I don't see
         | anything at all if I'm conscious and closing my eyes. I can
         | recite the qualities of an object, and this generates
         | impressions of the object in my head, but it's not really
         | seeing. It's vibe seeing.
        
           | mnmalst wrote:
           | I am the same and I am not convinced people can really - see
           | - things. Like, when I close my eyes, I see the inside of my
           | eye lids, the blackness. When I then try to imagine a candle
           | for example there is no candle appearing in the darkness, I
           | just remember how a candle is shaped its parts and similar
           | characteristics. I see nothing.
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | > _I just remember how a candle is shaped its parts and
             | similar characteristics_
             | 
             | If you do not somehow "see" the shape of the candle, how do
             | you remember its physical characteristics? Is it like a
             | list of physical properties in abstract form? An irregular
             | cylinder of diameter X, longer than it's diameter, etc?
             | 
             | I can see, in front of me, a lit candle if I wish it. I
             | cannot claim it's picture-perfect, but I can see it; and
             | most people can, too. I can see its yellow flame
             | flickering. I can see drops of wax along the candle. I can
             | see the yellow light it casts.
        
               | bigyikes wrote:
               | Not the parent, but I relate to their experience.
               | 
               | It depends on what you mean by "see".
               | 
               | It's nothing like seeing with my eyes, and it's nothing
               | like dreaming.
               | 
               | When I "see" it is abstract. There are impressions and
               | sensations. I can recall the qualities of something -
               | even the visual qualities - but it doesn't feel like
               | sight.
               | 
               | Can you remember what something smells like? I can recall
               | a foul smell, but I don't recoil because it doesn't
               | actually feel like smelling. Still, I have an impression
               | of the smell. Sight works the same for me.
        
               | mnmalst wrote:
               | yes I think you come close to describing how I imagine
               | things. Seeing is just fundamentally the wrong word, at
               | least in my case. When I for example imagine a road I
               | rode on with my bike the other day and do this with my
               | eyes open, there is nothing popping up in front of my
               | eyes, mixed with what i actually see atm, it's more like
               | abstractions popping up in the back of my head. Very
               | simple drawings maybe, just the contours of how it really
               | looks.
        
               | altruios wrote:
               | Perhaps it is a mental process you can train and get
               | better at. I understand the 'back of the head', location
               | for imagination. And now - for me - it's at the front
               | with some specific training. Drawing (and specific
               | techniques within) have been the cause of the biggest
               | shifts to 'where/how' my imagination is.
        
               | Narushia wrote:
               | > it's nothing like dreaming.
               | 
               | That's interesting. When I close my eyes and imagine
               | "seeing" things, I would actually describe it as pretty
               | much _exactly_ like the sensation I have when I  "see"
               | stuff in dreams. To me, this similarity is especially
               | clear when I wake up in the middle of a dream, then close
               | my eyes while awake -- I can continue where I left off,
               | and it "looks" exactly the same as in the dream.
               | 
               | But I agree that it doesn't feel like "sight", as in the
               | physical act of seeing with your eyes.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | > Can you remember what something smells like? I can
               | recall a foul smell, but I don't recoil because it
               | doesn't actually feel like smelling. Still, I have an
               | impression of the smell. Sight works the same for me.
               | 
               | Can't get a foul smell reaction mentally, but if I
               | visualize eating a bag of salt & vinegar potato chips and
               | recall the taste I'll get extra saliva production. Not
               | with most other foods so I think it's more mouth
               | preparing to dilute the acid than just straight pavlov
               | saliva before feeding reaction.
        
               | goatlover wrote:
               | What about memory? Do you occasionally have vivid
               | memories of sight, sound or smell?
        
               | tavavex wrote:
               | Can you describe what you mean by "seeing"? To me,
               | imagination isn't like actual sight. The best way I can
               | describe it is that it's a kind of meta-perception, I'm
               | envisioning the thought, the impression of something. I
               | can visualize the exact details and properties of the
               | candle, but it's not like I'm actually seeing it, I'm
               | just thinking of seeing it. The way you describe your
               | imagination is that it's as if the candle is superimposed
               | on your actual vision, like putting on a mixed-reality
               | headset that's drawing in stuff in your real field of
               | view, representing the same kind of sight as "real
               | sight". Is that what that's like for you?
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | It's like a photograph is an indirection of the thing
               | that was photographed: not the real thing, but a good
               | visual approximation.
               | 
               | It's like watching a movie; the people are not there, but
               | you still see them.
               | 
               | The cinema is in my mind. People here describe it as
               | "thinking of seeing", but to me that's nonsense. It's
               | definitely a visual thing, I bet it's activating some of
               | the same regions in the brain. Seeing _is thinking_
               | anyway, in the sense the brain is interpreting signals
               | from the optic nerve.
               | 
               | It's never an hallucination in the sense of being
               | confused about what's real and what's not.
               | 
               | I can also anticipate the taste of something I like, feel
               | it in my mouth, and start salivating. Is it tasting or
               | "thinking of tasting"?
        
               | kraftman wrote:
               | It's more like it's in a different plane, you can see it
               | but it's from another source, like how I can hear things
               | but it doesn't effect my site. If I imagine a candle I
               | "see" a candle in front of a black background, with a
               | flickering flame and a bit of wax dripping down the side.
               | Like how you can have a song in your head but still
               | listen to people
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | I remember the shape of a candle perfectly well, I just
               | can't "see" anything.
               | 
               | It's not a list of abstract properties, it's an
               | understanding of the shape of a candle. Why would you
               | need to be able to see it to remember its shape?
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | Because the shape is a physical thing, it's perceived by
               | your senses.
               | 
               | I meant remember, not understand. You can understand
               | something, but I specifically mean remember.
        
             | karmakaze wrote:
             | I'm also the same, but I do believe others can vividly see
             | creations in their mind's eye. Nikola Tesla was one who
             | could tinker in his imagination.
             | 
             | Of course I wish I could do the same. On the other hand,
             | like a blind person with other heightened senses, I have
             | strengths in thought that surpass what seeing concretely
             | may obscure. Most of my thoughts and reasoning is more like
             | following graphs of related bits of vaguely visual
             | information, it's far more topologically structural than
             | bound to 3D physicality.
        
               | drooby wrote:
               | I'm convinced I probably have aphantasia.. maybe even
               | quite extreme. On a scale of 1-10 probably 1 or 2
               | vividness.
               | 
               | But if I take shrooms.... I can actually see objects with
               | my eyes closed. I can rotate them. Morph them. It's so
               | fun! Huge bummer that I miss out on stuff like this in my
               | daily life.
               | 
               | What's weird is that I can still "rotate objects" and
               | correctly predict their final state when I am sober (up
               | to a point, of course). But I am blind to the actual
               | visual. It's hard to explain. It's just not registering
               | in my consciousness - but perhaps it's there behind the
               | curtain.
               | 
               | So, the mind is undoubtedly capable of performing this
               | feat. However, my brain in sober state is not wired to
               | transfer information in this way.
        
               | karmakaze wrote:
               | Exactly same here. Can operation on the data, without the
               | visuals.
        
             | zdragnar wrote:
             | Back when I was on some medication to help me sleep, it
             | came with the side effect of having vivid dreams... and if
             | I didn't fall asleep fast enough after taking it, I'd get
             | hallucinations while my eyes were closed. I knew I wasn't
             | seeing what I thought I was seeing, but I wasn't really in
             | control of the imagery. In one case, I thought there was a
             | suit of armor standing over me and mumbling. In another, I
             | was laying in bed, but I was seeing the living room from a
             | few feet outside of my bedroom.
             | 
             | My - and what I presume is "normal" - mental imagery isn't
             | any different than those hallucinations, with the exception
             | of I am willing what I imagine, and therefore control what
             | I "see" in my mind. The colors, contours, lighting,
             | shading, and so on are all like what you would see with
             | your eyes, though the actual level of detail is less.
        
           | ehutch79 wrote:
           | Pretend you're talking about photos and cameras. You mean you
           | can see the image? even though the camera isn't pointed at it
           | now? Like it's really seeing it?
           | 
           | Same idea. You're seeing it, but you know it's just a memory
           | of the thing, not a live view. Like pulling up a video or jpg
           | instead of a live feed.
        
             | bigyikes wrote:
             | Let's suppose you have perfect recall.
             | 
             | Pull up the image on your phone and look at it. Now close
             | your eyes and imagine the image as accurately as you can.
             | 
             | Is it as though you didn't close your eyes at all? Do you
             | see it the same way as when your eyes are open?
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | No.
               | 
               | When I'm fully awake, the mental images are more like
               | someone attached a new camera with a field of view that
               | ends at the edges of the object/scene I try to generate.
        
               | bigyikes wrote:
               | Okay, forget everything outside that field of view in
               | your real vision.
               | 
               | If you could crop your real field of view somehow to just
               | the photo in question, then would it be as though nothing
               | changed?
               | 
               | (Like, I get that things outside the phone image would
               | change, but does the image your imagining change? Does
               | the sensation change?)
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | I've got a hollow log from an apple tree in front of my
             | parked car. I know the contractor put a bucket upside down
             | on it, I could walk out my front door with my eyes closed
             | and kick it (I know exactly where it is) But is the bucket
             | at an angle to the left or right? I don't have a picture I
             | can reference. I know that I don't know because I'd have to
             | have noticed and remembered.
             | 
             | Does your photograph allow you to faithfully recall details
             | you didn't notice at the time or is it a simulation of an
             | image?
        
           | kraftman wrote:
           | It's like hearing a song in your head, you can listen to it
           | and maybe keep time roughly but if someone asks you what
           | instruments there are you might not be able to get all of
           | them, or might not remember the drums or the baseline. It's
           | all much more vague. If you asked me to remember my childhood
           | home I can visualise 'all of it' in my head, but maybe not
           | what the type of bricks are like, or where all of the windows
           | were.
        
             | tarentel wrote:
             | Not quite. I have had a lot of musical training and have a
             | very good musical memory. I can write down songs from my
             | head or hear a song and write it down later, depending on
             | how complicated it is, usually with only 1-2 listens, or
             | play it back, etc. I can visualize things in my head but it
             | is a lot more abstract, or rather, harder to explain.
        
               | tavavex wrote:
               | I think the person you're replying to didn't describe it
               | exactly. It's not really about how good your memory is, I
               | think. It's that no matter what, "replaying" the song in
               | your head isn't going to bring about the same reaction as
               | actually physically hearing music. It's like a
               | simulation, a higher-order perception, thinking of
               | yourself hearing it rather than willing yourself to
               | really hear it in the same way as usual.
        
             | Trasmatta wrote:
             | This actually highlights to me what may be different about
             | mental images for other people. Because I can much more
             | clearly hear music in my head than I can see images in my
             | head. So if it's much more vague for others, that must be
             | kind of what images are like for me.
        
           | nosianu wrote:
           | For me it is like a different "space" for mental vs real
           | images. It is not the same neurons, I would guess.
           | 
           | The real images are (and feel) outside of myself (obviously,
           | you may say). The mental image feels very close and kind of
           | "inside my mental space", in a dark space. It is far from how
           | I see with my eyes on all levels, very basic. It is more
           | conceptual, that concept given some vague form, not "pixels"
           | _(not that the eye is like a camera sensor either, it is much
           | more complicated, a lot of pre-processing taking place right
           | in the retina, which developed from a piece of brain in very
           | early embryonic development)_. The better I know the object
           | the better this internal concept-image, but far from what
           | looking at the real thing is like.
           | 
           | I am able to visualize, that's why I could write this, but I
           | think my ability to do so is near the bottom. It is vague
           | without details unless I concentrate on them specifically,
           | and it is very dark in there.
           | 
           | On https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia I am between
           | apple #3 and #4 in that picture. When I read novels I develop
           | barely any internal imagery, only barebones conceptual ones.
           | Sometimes I look at fancy visually stunning movies, Youtube
           | videos, or graphics sites on the web specifically to
           | "download" some better images into my brain. Mostly for
           | fantastical landscapes and architecture.
           | 
           | The Lord of the Rings movies, for example, completely
           | replaced all internal mental images I may have had, even
           | though I read the books long before those movies were made.
           | People like me need graphically talented people around, or my
           | mental images will be very much limited to drastically
           | reduced versions of what I see in real life. (THANK YOU to
           | all graphical artists).
        
             | conradev wrote:
             | It's the same for me, in terms of it being dark and fuzzy
             | unless concentrated on.
             | 
             | but I really do notice this sort of ability when it comes
             | to memory. When I am looking for something, I can often
             | visualize a scene of where I saw it last. This is not
             | always helpful for actually finding the object, but it can
             | be! When trying to recall a meeting, I can recall materials
             | I saw (bits of text on slides, images, etc).
             | 
             | I'm fairly good at remembering faces, and if they're next
             | to a name when I see them, I can even associate the name!
             | The flip side, of course, is that if I don't see the name,
             | I won't remember it.
        
               | markhahn wrote:
               | I find it implausible that people really have extreme,
               | detailed imagery. Not that they can't do it on demand, if
               | desired. But if every time they imagined something, it
               | instantly appeared with all possible detail - that's just
               | tremendously inefficient.
               | 
               | I think of it as more like Level of Detail in a 3d
               | visualization. So when you ask people how much detail
               | they imagine, their response strategy might determine
               | most of the variance. (Some think you mean "what is the
               | ultimate limit of your viz", and others think you mean
               | "what detail is in a no-purpose-given, speeded-response
               | viz".
        
             | fsniper wrote:
             | Very very well put. I couldn't describe my same state as
             | you have. Makes perfect sense for me. Thank you.
        
           | darkmighty wrote:
           | I'd describe it as like having a second monitor in your
           | desktop. It's not inherently "over" what I already see or
           | anywhere physical, it's like in a different space. Sometimes
           | it can feel like it's "behind" what I am seeing indeed (i.e.
           | kind of over), but it can vary and I suspect that's just a
           | learned position (I just tried and I can shift the position
           | images 'feel where they are').
           | 
           | I don't see with full fidelity, I suspect that's to save
           | power or limitations of my neural circuitry. But I can
           | definitely see red and see shapes. Yes, it's not _exactly_
           | like seeing with your eyes and if you pay attention you can
           | sense there 's trickery involved (particularly with motion
           | being very low fidelity, kind of low FPS), but it's still
           | definitely an image. It's not that it's a blurred image
           | exactly, more that it only generates some details I am
           | particularly focused at. It can't generate a huge quantity of
           | details for an entire scene in 4K, it's more like it
           | generates a scene in 320p and some minor patches can appear
           | at high res, and often the borders are fuzzy. I can imagine
           | this with my eyes open or closed, but it's easier with eyes
           | closed.
           | 
           | It feels (and probably is?) that it's the same system used
           | for my dreams, but in my dreams it's more like "setup" to
           | simulate my own vision, and the fidelity is increased
           | somewhat.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | I have three different ways that vision seems to work with
             | me.
             | 
             | 1. Actually seeing something like in a dream.
             | 
             | 2. A mental scratch pad I can draw on and use spatial
             | awareness to navigate. (I see the code of applications as
             | flying over a landscape or walking through a forest.)
             | 
             | 3. Imagination, which uses whatever data vision gets turned
             | into.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how common 2 is. A lot of my brain has broken
             | parts and this scratchpad is used in place of logic. This
             | works fine until I need to work on linear list of similar
             | tokens and keep them in order, like math and some
             | functional programming languages.
        
           | noir_lord wrote:
           | > Personally, I can see images when I dream.
           | 
           | If I dream I don't ever remember them - I assume I must, I
           | think everyone (barring medical issues) has REM sleep.
           | 
           | I envy people that, dreams sound amazing.
        
             | kaffekaka wrote:
             | In my experience remembering dreams is a matter of practice
             | and stress levels. When life is calmer I remember alot
             | more.
        
               | noir_lord wrote:
               | Not for me, never remembered them at any point, I asked
               | my mum once if she remembered me dreaming when I was a
               | kid and she couldn't remember it either, no dreams/no
               | nightmares.
               | 
               | I have an active imagination and I read a lot of fiction
               | and I don't think I have aphantasia, I just go to sleep,
               | wake up and never remember a thing in between.
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | I went from frequent lucid dreams as a child and teen, to
             | no (remembered) dreams, back to vivid (but very rarely
             | lucid) dreams. Ask while having aphantasia, I wish I could
             | get even approximately close to dream images while awake.
        
             | kulahan wrote:
             | Have you tried a dream journal? We forget most of our
             | dreams because we might have them at 2 am and wake up at 7
             | am. If you wake yourself up in the middle of the night one
             | or two times, you're more likely to have been in the middle
             | of a dream, and it's still up there in your brain enough to
             | write down. The more you do this, the easier it becomes.
        
               | pm215 wrote:
               | Personally I strongly do not want to get better at
               | remembering dreams. At the moment I very rarely remember
               | anything about dreaming, and on the very rare occasion
               | that some fragment of memory from a dream pops into my
               | head it is super confusing until I identify "oh, that
               | must have been from a dream". I prefer to keep my memory
               | uncontaminated with random garbage :)
        
               | chao- wrote:
               | I remember my dreams quite well. Years ago, I did a dream
               | journal to up that even further. At the time, I discussed
               | doing so with a friend, and she expressed a similar
               | sentiment to yours. In our discussion, she explained not
               | wanting to "carry emotional baggage" from a dream into
               | her day, being distracted by it, and so forth.
               | 
               | That phrasing of "carrying emotional baggage" stuck with
               | me, because together we realized that people can relate
               | to their dreams very differently. If she remembers a
               | dream, she remembers the feelings and feels them all over
               | again. I regard dreams as junk data, and can't imagine
               | "feeling" anything about one longer than a few moments
               | after I wake.
        
               | kaashif wrote:
               | As someone with very poor natural dream recall, I think
               | you're right. One time I kept a dream journal and got
               | really good at dream recall.
               | 
               | It was just hours and hours of random junk every night.
               | 
               | I threw away the journal and realized forgetting dreams
               | is good.
        
           | kulahan wrote:
           | It might be easier to describe as an eye that is only opened
           | manually, and can only focus on highly specific things. This
           | is my superpower - I can see things vividly in my mind, spin
           | them around, zoom in/out, and more.
           | 
           | When I'm looking at it, the only thing I can see is whatever
           | object is being imagined. However, yes - it's similar to the
           | sensation of seeing with your own actual eyes. The reason it
           | seems so foreign is because our real eyes can see more than
           | one thing at a time. Our mind's eye can only see exactly one
           | subject at a time (though I should mention that when I
           | navigate cities, I do so by imagining a birds-eye view, so
           | there are many objects IN the map, but I cannot see anything
           | other than the map, and it becomes extremely blurry outside
           | of the section I'm focusing on).
        
           | tbabb wrote:
           | Here is some context: Early in the aphantasia discourse,
           | someone asked a group I was in to do a mental exercise:
           | Imagine an apple. Can you tell what color it is? What
           | variety? Can you tell the lighting? Is it against a
           | background? Does it have a texture? Imagine cutting into it.
           | And so on.
           | 
           | For me, not only was the color, variety, lighting, and
           | texture crystal clear, but I noticed that when I mentally
           | "cut into" the apple, I could see where the pigment from the
           | broken skin cells had been smeared by the action of the knife
           | into the fleshy white interior of the apple. This happened
           | "by itself", I didn't have to try to make it happen. It was
           | at a level of crisp detail that would be difficult to see
           | with the naked eye without holding it very close.
           | 
           | That was the first time I had paid attention to the exact
           | level of detail that appears in my mental imagery, and it
           | hadn't occurred to me before that it might be unusual. Based
           | on what other people describe of their experience, it seems
           | pretty clear to me that there is real variation in mental
           | imagery, and people are not just "describing the same thing
           | differently".
        
             | comprev wrote:
             | I can _remember_ the properties of an apple - approximate
             | size, weight (my hand does not instantly drop to the floor
             | due to its weight), etc.
             | 
             | I can't _imagine_ an apple in my hand if you defined the
             | colour, size or weight (for example, purple, 50cm diameter
             | and 100Kg).
             | 
             | In my mind I am recalling a _memory_ of holding an apple in
             | my hand - not imagining the one according to your
             | specifications.
             | 
             | One example I can give is being tasked with rearranging
             | desks in an office. I can't for the life of me _imagine_
             | what the desks would look like ahead of physically moving
             | them into place.
             | 
             | I can make an educated guess based on their length/width
             | but certainly not "picture" how they would look arranged
             | without physically moving them.
             | 
             | It's like my brain BSODs when computing the image!
             | 
             | The same applies to people - I can only recall a memory of
             | someone - not imagine them sitting on a bench in front of
             | me. I might remember a memory of the person on _a_ bench
             | but certainly not the one in front of me.
        
               | illwrks wrote:
               | I'm a designer by trade but do some coding for fun. I'm
               | on the opposite side of it to you. I can visualise
               | anything in great detail. Although if it was a machine I
               | can only visualise sections of it at any one time.
               | 
               | When I am coding for fun, or I'm trying to think through
               | a problem I visualise the thing I my mind as a kind of
               | interactive physical thing I can manipulate. It's useful
               | as I have another dimension I can problem solve in. As an
               | adult it also Helped me understand why I wasn't so
               | academic as a child and had to work a bit harder than
               | some of my peers.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Can I ask you a personal question? How do you imagine
               | sex? I thought that everyone kinda thought about
               | themselves doing it with someone else, a bit like a porn
               | movie that you make in your own mind.
               | 
               | I can't imagine it being at all interesting to just think
               | about it the way you are talking about it, like it would
               | just be a sort of description of what the other person
               | looks like, without the multifaceted sensations. Touch,
               | smell, visuals.
               | 
               | And if you can't imagine it, how do you go about ever
               | doing anything about getting it? It's like saying you
               | want a juicy burger without imagining yourself eating it.
               | Like a paper description of an experience, rather than a
               | simulation of it. It doesn't seem motivating enough that
               | you'd bother washing yourself, getting nice clothes, and
               | going to chat with women.
        
             | markhahn wrote:
             | but are those details fabricated on demand?
             | 
             | I don't have any trouble following your path of increased
             | detail, but if someone says "imagine an apple", I get a
             | vaguely apple-shaped, generally redish object (I like
             | cosmic crisp), which only becomes detailed if I "navigate
             | my mental eye" closer.
        
           | itsamario wrote:
           | Can you remember seeing? I use my imagination to get a very
           | grainy image but it's usually my interpretation of it and
           | what I'm using it for.
           | 
           | Like when in school I'd imagine graphs lines before drawn or
           | best example is a cad test and from reading the directions I
           | could get an idea of what I was about to draw in cad
           | 
           | Man made computers in our image, it use to be a job title.
        
           | RajT88 wrote:
           | For me, it's a little more like you describe these days. It
           | _is_ images, but fuzzier and more impressionistic than it
           | used to be. I have to concentrate harder to have a full-on
           | image of a scene, and can 't so much when multitasking.
           | 
           | In college, especially when I was studying Japanese and had
           | to memorize a lot of shapes, I could look at a poster filled
           | with characters and recall it hours later to translate those
           | characters. Your mind is a muscle and it gets better with
           | exercise, and grows weaker when lazy.
        
           | goatlover wrote:
           | Some people can see images while they are conscious just like
           | you see them in your dreams. Perhaps even better, depending
           | on their ability to visualize. Maybe you just never developed
           | the conscious ability to visualize.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | When people tell me they can see things in their mind I
           | usually ask something like:
           | 
           | "imagine a ball, can you see it?"
           | 
           | "yes"
           | 
           | "ok what color is it? "
           | 
           | I never heard anyone say anything other than a variation of
           | "hm I don't know". It's just an anecdote but still
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | What's funny is, I have complete aphantasia, but I can
             | imagine a ball, I just can't see it. If you ask me what
             | color it is, I would say white, because I imagined a
             | baseball. But I can't see it, I'm just thinking about it.
        
               | kraftman wrote:
               | When you read this do you hear it in your head?
        
           | antonvs wrote:
           | > Personally, I can see images when I dream, but I don't see
           | anything at all if I'm conscious and closing my eyes.
           | 
           | That's classic complete aphantasia. I have it too.
           | 
           | The "kind of different. I'm not _really_ seeing it " would
           | apply just as well to dream images. If you're interrogating
           | people, you might try asking them whether it's similar to
           | that.
        
         | hvs wrote:
         | If you have something to describe "in your mind's eye" then you
         | don't have aphantasia. We can't "see" anything in our mind.
        
         | brooke2k wrote:
         | It might be easier to think in terms of what you can actually
         | achieve with your visualization.
         | 
         | I am terrible at visual art because I struggle to picture what
         | I am drawing before I draw it. When I do calculus problems, I
         | have to write down in full every intermediate step because I
         | can't visualize how the equations change more than one or two
         | steps in the future.
         | 
         | Those kinds of things seem to me like more objective measures
         | of someone's ability to visualize, although I have nothing
         | other than anecdotal evidence to back that up.
        
         | rehevkor5 wrote:
         | There's no diagnostic test for it. So is it real?
        
           | abetusk wrote:
           | "Quantifying Aphantasia through drawing: Those without visual
           | imagery show deficits in object but not spatial memory"
           | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856239/
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | I can basically do a Google Street View of places I've been
         | before, seeing what I'd be seeing if I was there. It's not as
         | clear as being there and having my eyes open, and th animation
         | is jerky, but it's in color, and I have the same spatial sense
         | of where things are relative to where I am mentally standing.
         | 
         | For the most part, I can't "think" about things except maybe
         | mental math. I see things, and I talk to myself in my head.
        
           | redhed wrote:
           | I have the same thing, I can "walk" through my childhood
           | home. I see how the living room was set up, I can walk from
           | there to my bedroom and "see" everything. Honestly if I had
           | good art skills I feel like I could draw it out pretty well.
           | However I would in no way describe it as looking like I'm
           | there at the real thing or looking at photograph, not even
           | close really. It's kinda just a hazy construct in my mind.
           | 
           | I feel like that is where a lot of the miscommunication comes
           | from, people who think others can close there eyes and be
           | transported somewhere else by imagining it. That is unless I
           | actually just have aphantasia.
        
         | Amorymeltzer wrote:
         | YMMV, but for me, the image on en.Wikipedia
         | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphantasia> made it easy for me
         | to understand. That and having a frank conversation with
         | someone close to me: "Wait, you just think of something and see
         | it, like a picture or real life?" "Wait, you actually see
         | anything?"
        
         | abetusk wrote:
         | The test is this:
         | 
         | Close your eyes and try to visualize an apple. Do this for 30
         | seconds or so. Try to visualize the skin, the reflection, the
         | texture, the stem, the depth, etc. Try to hold a stable mental
         | picture of that apple.
         | 
         | After the 30 seconds, rate your ability to picture the apple
         | from 1 to 5, where 1 is complete inability and 5 is as if you
         | were looking at a picture of an apple for those 30 seconds. 1
         | is aphantasia.
         | 
         | Another idea is to recall a vivid dream you had. I think most
         | people would describe it as being part of a movie or reality.
         | While awake, are you able to recreate scenes in vivid detail as
         | if you were dreaming? 5 for complete parity and 1 for not at
         | all. 1 is aphantasia.
        
           | mnmalst wrote:
           | Are you really saying you can see an apple in the same way
           | you see an apple with eyes opened? The exact same way? So if
           | you close your eyes, imagine an apple and then look at an
           | apple that someone holds in front of your eye, the apple
           | looks exactly the same? As if you could look through your
           | closed eye lids?
        
             | altruios wrote:
             | Some people can project the image of an apple into the real
             | world. As in, they are able to imagine an apple on the
             | table that they see with their eyes. They 'see' it, but see
             | that it's a projection. It's a lot like when you have two
             | very similar images (except one change), and you cross your
             | eyes such that they overlap to highlight the change (it's
             | ghostly, as it's only seen in one eye). Same Idea, only
             | instead of the other eye, that projection is coming from
             | your brain.
        
               | mnmalst wrote:
               | That's interesting, so how can people like that know
               | which is real and which is not? I don't understand it.
        
               | altruios wrote:
               | Try the crossed eyes 'find the difference' technique.
               | Which is crossing your eyes such that a third image (a
               | blending of the two images: one from each eye) appears
               | between those two images.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvdVBzuGWr4
               | 
               | You can easily understand where the difference is because
               | the data is different between the eyes. The difference
               | appears 'ghostly'. In a similar way, data from the mind's
               | eye is different from data from the physical eyes when
               | those two 'streams of data' are blended.
        
               | mnmalst wrote:
               | Yes I can do this. I can see the image in the middle the
               | same way as I see each individual image. (But not both at
               | the same time, the outside images get blurry when I focus
               | on the one in the middle).
               | 
               | Anyways, this is nothing like what I experience when I
               | imagine something.
        
               | altruios wrote:
               | That's what it's like to 'overlay' imagination onto your
               | vision. But that requires - like the eyes focusing
               | correctly - for the 'imagination vision' and the physical
               | vision to 'line up'
               | 
               | your imagination is more like it's in the the back of the
               | head, yeah?
               | 
               | What helped me 'move' where my imagination was (to the
               | front and center), was to do the flame meditation. Which
               | is to focus on a flame in a dark room for a few seconds,
               | close your eyes, and try to retain the phosphene
               | afterglow in the flame shape. and repeating that until
               | you are able to retain image of the flame while your eyes
               | are closed.
               | 
               | Similarly: 'drawing from memory' - particularly from
               | recent short term memory - was another method that had a
               | profound impact on my ability to visualize.
               | 
               | Both of these take time and commitment, but they have
               | worked for me. They may work for you.
        
               | swat535 wrote:
               | I can do this, the best I can describe it is that your
               | brain "knows" you're imagining it so it's different than
               | for example hallucinations.
               | 
               | It's similar to replaying music in your head (if you can
               | do that), you can hear the tune but your ears "know" no
               | music is actually playing.
        
               | nevertoolate wrote:
               | I suspect that much more people can do it than unable to
               | do it (aphantasia)
        
             | abetusk wrote:
             | I'm not saying that at all. I think I have aphantasia. For
             | me the score is 1 or 2 to picture that apple.
             | 
             | I was shocked to realize that when people said "imagine in
             | your minds eye", they meant it literally. This seems to be
             | a common experience for people with aphantasia [0].
             | 
             | Note that when I'm close to sleep or dreaming, then yes, my
             | minds eye visualization is close to photographic parity.
             | While awake, its almost completely non-existent.
             | 
             | [0] "I can't picture things in my mind. I didn't realize
             | that was unusual"
             | https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/2024/feb/26/what-is-
             | aph...
        
               | mnmalst wrote:
               | I don't feel like I know better what other people
               | experience talking about it here. :)
               | 
               | Just now, what you wrote for example.
               | 
               | > my minds eye visualization is close to photographic
               | parity.
               | 
               | What does this mean? Does this mean it's literally the
               | exact same experience as if your eyes were open and you
               | are looking at the picture? Or is it more like you
               | imagine it and it's somewhere popping up in the back of
               | your head?
               | 
               | When I read a book for example I can imagine what I read
               | but it's not even close to "seeing" it. It's a completely
               | different sensation and visual fidelity. It's just not
               | "seeing".
        
               | abetusk wrote:
               | Yes, I often don't realize I'm asleep and dreaming while
               | I dream. It's a common experience for me to dream and
               | think I'm experiencing reality while I'm asleep. Are you
               | saying you have never had a visual dream?
               | 
               | Sometimes when I'm close to sleep or when I'm lucid
               | dreaming, I can visualize things with good fidelity.
               | While I'm awake, I'm almost completely unable to.
        
               | mnmalst wrote:
               | Interesting!
               | 
               | I experience visual dreams the same way I described
               | imagining the environment when I read. It's a completely
               | different experience than seeing with my eyes open.
        
               | abetusk wrote:
               | Interesting. So it sounds like you don't even dream
               | visually.
               | 
               | I think for many people, even people with aphantasia,
               | dreaming is akin to watching a movie or actually
               | experiencing the event (myself included). I know the
               | experience is immersive because it's the same feeling as
               | watching a movie, but I can't recall it visually the same
               | way after the fact, while I'm awake.
        
               | joquarky wrote:
               | I suspect the activated Default Mode Network interferes
               | with the ability to perceive with detailed clarity.
        
           | vorbits wrote:
           | But what does it mean "visualize" ? I can "think" of an apple
           | and all it's detail, but I wouldn't describe any visual
           | sensation. If I had to draw the apple I could draw it detail,
           | right down the the variation in colors on it's skin. But no
           | sense of this experience feels like a visual sensation. It
           | feels like "thinking". To me, the act of closing my eyes
           | emphasizes that this isn't a visual sensation for me, because
           | with my eyes closed, I see darkness.
        
             | abetusk wrote:
             | Bring a picture of an apple up on your computer screen and
             | look at it for 30 seconds. There is a fidelity to that
             | image that includes the color, texture, stem, shape,
             | reflection, etc.
             | 
             | Now close your eyes and try to picture an apple for 30
             | seconds. Is the same experience as if having that picture
             | in front of you? As in, can you picture, in your minds eye,
             | an image of an apple _as if you were looking at on your
             | computer screen_? On a scale from 1 to 5, where 5 is
             | complete parity as if you were looking at it from your
             | computer screen and 1 for no visualization possible, what
             | is your ability to do so?
             | 
             | It sounds like you're a 1, as in you have aphantasia.
             | 
             | I know it sounds crazy but I think there _really are people
             | who can visualize that apple_.
             | 
             | Note that inability to visualize doesn't mean you can't
             | recognize or differentiate one apple from another. It
             | doesn't mean you can't draw that apple from memory, in
             | perfect detail. It doesn't mean you can't describe or
             | recreate that image of an apple. It mean that you cannot
             | literally have an image in your minds eye of that apple.
             | 
             | Here are some other articles of note:
             | 
             | "Quantifying Aphantasia through drawing: Those without
             | visual imagery show deficits in object but not spatial
             | memory" https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856239/
             | 
             | "I can't picture things in my mind. I didn't realize that
             | was unusual"
             | https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/2024/feb/26/what-is-
             | aph...
        
               | cal85 wrote:
               | > I think there really are people who can visualize that
               | apple.
               | 
               | Based on what evidence?
        
               | abetusk wrote:
               | The article goes into the history.
               | 
               | Here's an article I found recently:
               | 
               | "Quantifying Aphantasia through drawing: Those without
               | visual imagery show deficits in object but not spatial
               | memory" https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856239/
        
             | mnmalst wrote:
             | I am exactly like this. Great description.
        
           | Anonyneko wrote:
           | I can visualize an apple, somewhat vaguely, but I've never
           | been able to hold a stable mental picture of anything for
           | longer that a split-second. It just blinks out of existence
           | the moment I "see" it, which makes it rather dysfunctional...
           | 
           | Not at all the case with sounds though, I can play back some
           | of the music tracks I listened a lot to, flawed of course but
           | still recognizable. My brain even starts doing it on its own
           | at night, not letting me fall asleep.
           | 
           | Imagination is weird.
        
             | kevinh wrote:
             | This is similar to how I'd describe it for me. I can mold
             | the apple into what I want it to be, adding a sheen or
             | showing the bottom or the top, but any "visualization" that
             | I do disappears basically immediately.
        
             | chao- wrote:
             | I also am often kept awake by my brain playing songs,
             | wishing my brain would stop.
             | 
             | A friend of mine spent about a month very focused on the
             | aphantasia discourse, polling everyone he knew about little
             | details. It forced me to consider it a bit as well, but I
             | never quite landed on an understanding of how much a
             | person's exposure/experience is a factor, versus what is
             | (assumed to be) innate or genetic.
             | 
             | Where it was most interesting was when he asked whether I
             | could imagine music or a song. In that area, I seemed to
             | have a more realistic imaginary experience than any of the
             | friends he had surveyed. I am classically trained in music
             | (and ultimately am not very skilled), so I wonder to what
             | degree I would have this level of clarity with recalling
             | sounds, or even imagining new sounds or songs, if I had not
             | been trained for years in music.
        
             | joquarky wrote:
             | What if you try it with the apple slowly rotating or moving
             | in some way?
             | 
             | I can keep a visualization as long as it keeps moving or
             | rotating. As soon as I try to visualize it as still, it
             | disappears.
        
           | super_mario wrote:
           | I prefer this test: "Imagine a ball resting on a table. A
           | person walks up to the table and pushes the ball". Question
           | for the test subject: "What will happen?"
           | 
           | Everyone answers correctly the ball will roll of the table
           | and fall to the ground. But then ask them" "What was the
           | color of the ball? What was the size of the ball? What was
           | the gender of the person pushing the ball, what clothes were
           | they wearing?"
           | 
           | People with aphantasia are usually stunned by the follow up
           | questions. People who don't have aphantasia really have seen
           | the table, the material its made of, imagined a ball of
           | certain size/type color (e.g. multicolor beach ball, or
           | basketball or what ever), and they saw an actual person
           | pushing the ball, they saw the ball rolling on the table an
           | falling to the ground and can answer details about their
           | vision.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | Yep. Problem is that there's actually a spectrum of vividity of
         | mental imagery, but in popular discussion it's always seen as a
         | binary on/off thing.
         | 
         | An old post by Scott Alexander (16+ years, mind blown)
         | discusses this, long before the term "aphantasia" became a
         | thing [1]. There was a debate about what "imagination" actually
         | means already in the late 1800s; some people were absolutely
         | certain that it was just a metaphor and nobody actually "sees"
         | things in their mind; others were vehement that mental images
         | are just as real as those perceived with our eyes. The
         | controversy was resolved by Francis Galton, who did some
         | rigorous interviewing and showed that it really does vary a lot
         | from person to person.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/baTWMegR42PAsH9qJ/generalizi...
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | In Russia, color-blindness is referred to as Daltonism, and I
           | figured Francis must have been the one to be the source of
           | that (given this topic), but apparently it was John Dalton:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton
        
             | jdadj wrote:
             | I haven't heard of Galtonism. From my experience as the
             | colorblind child of native Russian speakers, it's Daltonism
             | (dal'tonizm).
             | 
             | https://en.openrussian.org/en/colour-blind
        
               | pavel_lishin wrote:
               | Good lord, I had both of their wiki pages open, and STILL
               | somehow D and G were the same letter in my mind.
               | 
               | I should just delete my comment, but let it stand as a
               | monument to my goof.
        
               | at_last wrote:
               | _shrugged_
        
               | khazhoux wrote:
               | We all doof from time to time
        
               | CommieBobDole wrote:
               | Perhaps you suffer from D-G letterblindness.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | Quite a lot of languages use daltonism actually: French
             | (daltonisme), Spanish (daltonismo), Italian (daltonismo),
             | Portuguese (daltonismo), Catalan (daltonisme), Romanian
             | (daltonism), Polish (daltonizm), Russian (dal'tonizm),
             | Greek (daltonismos), and Turkish (daltonizm).
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | Modern brain imaging techniques also weigh in on this issue.
           | Mental imagery corresponds to voluntary activation of the
           | visual cortex[1]. The quality of the self-reported imagery
           | corresponds to the degree of activity in the visual cortex[2]
           | while imagining some visual scene. People with aphantasia
           | have little to no visual cortex activity.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4595480/
           | 
           | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8186241/
        
           | w_for_wumbo wrote:
           | "Others were vehement that mental images are just as real as
           | those perceived with our eyes" - This sucks as a child, where
           | you see a gymnasium floor open up beneath you. So you run to
           | safety, just to be punished for what was an appropriate
           | response.
           | 
           | Some children don't see any differentiation between their
           | imagination and reality, so it's a matter of paying attention
           | to how others' behave to know what to do.
           | 
           | Because you can't trust that the reality that you're in is
           | shared by the people around you.
        
           | agentcoops wrote:
           | Comically, though, programming communities really seem to
           | have a statistical over representation of both aphantasics
           | and hyperphantasics. One of these articles comes out every
           | few years and I've witnessed at numerous workplaces how
           | quickly a large portion of the engineers realize they're
           | aphantasic and everyone else is aghast that they can't rotate
           | complete architectural diagrams etc.
           | 
           | That said, it really is binary or not whether you cannot see
           | images at all in your head and there are, in fact, some very
           | real downsides related to episodic memory. As someone who
           | realized I was aphantasic late in life, I think it's pretty
           | important to realize you are if in fact you are---ideally as
           | early in your educational process as possible. For everyone
           | else, it's interesting to realize some people have more vivid
           | imagery than you and some people less, but probably that
           | doesn't change very much about your life.
        
             | kraftman wrote:
             | I'm not sure its binary, I feel like ive gotten worse at it
             | with age, and for some reason I find it harder with my head
             | sideways.
        
               | BrandoElFollito wrote:
               | For me this is the other way round. When I was a student
               | (physics) I had a very, for a lack of a better word,
               | "practical" visualization in my head - what I needed to
               | understand what I was studying. There was a lot of maths
               | too, visualized.
               | 
               | Today, 30 years later, I have vivid representations of
               | calligraphy or art, especially when I fall asleep. I fall
               | asleep within at worst minutes so I cannot really take
               | full pleasure of watching these ilages and during the day
               | I am too surrounded by sources of sound, images etc. to
               | meaningfully repeat the exercise.
        
         | conception wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd....
         | 
         | Seems like a good test?
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | It's nothing like that at all. First, when you are awake you
           | still see whatever is literally in front of you, even if it's
           | your eyelids. Second, when you fail to recall something in
           | detail, it isn't a sketch or child's drawing, it's just...
           | incomplete sensation. We don't imagine things the way a
           | painter paints a picture bit by bit (unless you are an
           | experienced painter!)
        
         | altruios wrote:
         | "where" the mind's eye is also variable. And may be moveable.
         | 
         | For a time, my mind's eye was 'on the floor, sideways, behind
         | "my driver seat"'. With some effort, it is now 'in front' of
         | me, closer than where my vision is, occupying some space
         | between where my vision is, and where I perceive my sense of
         | self to be.
         | 
         | The efforts were a combination of trataka flame training,
         | training to remain conscious through the process of falling
         | asleep (for lucid dreaming), and drawing (seeing an image,
         | quickly memorizing it, and drawing it from the mind's eye
         | projection {as in, literally trying to see the image on the
         | blank page without access to the reference image}).
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | it reminds me a bit of the debate in psychology back in the day
         | of propositional vs. analogical representation.
         | 
         | there was a long running debate in the literature about how
         | mental information (like images) were represented: a bunch of
         | discrete language-like symbols OR a more continuous image-like
         | format.
         | 
         | two very different philosophies about how the information was
         | stored and processed, but the tricky thing is that they were
         | completely indistinguishable experimentally -- any effect you
         | observe and try to attribute to one scheme could be
         | accommodated in the other.
         | 
         | with respect to the afantasia debate, it could be that
         | everybody has the exact same mental experience but one camp
         | describes it in a propositional (non-image based) framework the
         | other group describes it in an analogical (imge-based)
         | framework
        
         | ElevenLathe wrote:
         | Relatedly, I'm not sure I really believe people who say they
         | think in code and can't be bothered to render their ideas in
         | design or decision documents with actual reasoning. I can't
         | even tell if something is a real thought I'm having /in my own
         | head/ until I've written it down or otherwise recorded it
         | somewhere in the consensus reality. Very often, I /think/ I've
         | got some problem or idea all fleshed out in my mind, but the
         | process of writing it down (in code or prose) reveals that this
         | was all just a kind of illusion. Or maybe I really did have it
         | all figured out but something got lost in the process of
         | writing it down? Seems literally impossible to say.
         | 
         | But IMO it would be weird if all of us meat machines of the
         | same species had radically different methods of cognition,
         | since the empirical evidence suggests that our behavior, in the
         | broadest possible sense, is _not_ radically different, and
         | neither is our thinking hardware.
        
           | ambicapter wrote:
           | I think its far more likely that they're just bad at writing
           | or drawing. Tons of people can picture a scene in their head
           | but are absolutely terrible at drawing it, and can only
           | render much more boring imagery in text.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | Code is "written it down or otherwise recorded it somewhere
           | in the consensus reality"
           | 
           | "thinking in code" means "render their ideas in code", like
           | you render your ideas in English.
        
             | ElevenLathe wrote:
             | I agree, writing code is writing. I added a parenthetical
             | above that hopefully clears that up. I guess my overall
             | point is that I can't confidently say I've even _had_ an
             | actual idea, until I prove it to myself by voicing it, or
             | writing it in code or prose, or drawing a diagram, or
             | whatever. Thinking is hard, but it feels good to have
             | thunk, so the mind is incentivized to give itself the
             | illusion of having done so, if it can.
        
         | Lerc wrote:
         | I have aphantasia in the sense that I have no sense of there
         | being an image, but several years ago, I posted a comment
         | hypothesising that the interpretation of the experience as an
         | image might be the distinguishing factor.
         | 
         | The response to that suggestion was unexpectedly strong, People
         | really didn't like the notion of doubt of their experience.
         | Some said I was accusing them of lying.
         | 
         | It was quite odd, I thought it was an uncontroversial notion
         | that what we feel we are experiencing can differ from reality.
         | 
         | I think, perhaps, it was received as me saying "This is the
         | truth, you're the one who is wrong."
        
           | joquarky wrote:
           | Many people believe everyone perceives reality the same way.
           | 
           | They don't understand that each of us composes a novel
           | reality from our senses.
        
         | YurgenJurgensen wrote:
         | It's actually even worse than that. Not only am I unconvinced
         | that aphantasia is real or merely a difference in the way
         | people describe the same experience (either because of how they
         | use language, or because of how their mental images are
         | connected to their speech processing), but even if it were an
         | experimentally verified phenomenon, people still talk about it
         | like it's a /thing you have/ instead of a /skill you failed to
         | develop/.
         | 
         | I lack the ability to produce realistic images using sticks of
         | charcoal, but I don't consider this to be 'acarbographism' or
         | something, I recognise that other people have put more effort
         | into learning that skill than I have.
        
         | Sephr wrote:
         | Throwing in my anecdote: I acquired aphantasia after a viral
         | infection as a child. This also slightly impacted my speech.
         | There can definitely be a fundamental difference.
         | 
         | In my case, I can distinctly remember my experiences from
         | before the infection, and recall a clear difference in
         | visualization capabilities before and after.
        
         | normalaccess wrote:
         | For me it's a gradient, depending on how tired I am. I can go
         | from fairly vivid mental image to full on seeing things with my
         | eyes closed. It's that window when falling asleep that is the
         | most impactful visually and very close to lucid dreaming.
         | 
         | So I would say yes, it is like you are seeing things but in
         | your "minds eye".
         | 
         | If you can "hear" music in your head when thinking about a song
         | it feels about the same as "seeing" without seeing. It's
         | imagery but from a different place.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | I can _kind_ of do it, but it's not something that really comes
         | naturally to me. And only fairly simple shapes, generally.
         | 
         | Honestly thought this was normal for most of my life.
         | 
         | (I also don't think verbally, not really; I gather this is
         | something that some/most people do.)
         | 
         | Always makes me slightly paranoid; what _else_ am I just
         | assuming is normal?!
        
         | tines wrote:
         | It's quite funny, for myself, if I concentrate I can so
         | strongly visualize something that I stop seeing through my
         | physical eyes and kind of go "blind," only perceiving with my
         | eyes once I decide to again or once some large visual stimulus
         | surprises me.
        
           | buttercraft wrote:
           | Same for me. It has led to some awkward moments in public
           | where it looks like I'm staring at someone from across the
           | room, but I'm just thinking/visualizing and am only vaguely
           | aware of what my eyes are looking at.
        
         | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
         | Most people are extraordinarily dim to the point that they have
         | zero introspective capacity. For instance, if they had more
         | than a third grade vocabulary, would they be using the word
         | "see" to describe this talent they think they have? I seriously
         | suspect that if you could somehow educate everyone up to some
         | minimal level, this disparity would disappear entirely.
         | 
         | Anyone over the age of 40 or so grew up with the meme bouncing
         | around (globally?) that people think "in language" to the point
         | that one of askreddit's favorite questions til a few years ago
         | was "people who grew up speaking another language, do you still
         | think in X" or some variant. It was a plot point of a Clint
         | Eastwood movie with a stolen telepathic Russian fighter jet.
         | 
         | It's not that you have aphantasia so much that everyone else
         | imagines they have X-Men superpowers.
        
         | saaaaaam wrote:
         | Describe how you see green and I'll tell you if it's the same
         | as everyone else I know.
        
         | nevertoolate wrote:
         | I didn't know people see things in the real world, like an
         | imaginary cat until I had a dream where I could imagine
         | something purposefully. I woke up immediately, thrown out from
         | the dream image.
         | 
         | I told my wife proudly that I could see something in my dream I
         | wanted to. She told me she can imagine ANYTHING ANYWHERE
         | ANYTIME (painter)
         | 
         | My question is: can you see the cat on the table? If not, sorry
         | pal.
        
         | skinkestek wrote:
         | The way I understood it was the apple on a table test:
         | 
         | I was asked to close my eyes and think about an apple.
         | 
         | if you do it now, close your eyes for about 10 - 20 seconds and
         | think very hard about an apple on a table.
         | 
         | spacer
         | 
         | spacer
         | 
         | spacer
         | 
         | spacer
         | 
         | then immediately after opening your eyes tell me what color the
         | apple was.
         | 
         | For me and many others it is an absurd question. We only
         | thought about the thing apple on the thing table, absolutely no
         | visual representation.
         | 
         | For some of my siblings they saw the apple and could of course
         | tell me the color and also the color of the table.
        
         | teaearlgraycold wrote:
         | A guy was talking to me about designing some robot legs. He was
         | just getting started and was new to mechanical design. The more
         | questions I asked him the more I realized he couldn't
         | internally visualize what he was designing. When I'm putting
         | something together in my head it's like a mental CAD where I
         | can place objects down, constrain them to each other, and see
         | how they move in relation to each other. For this guy I
         | recommended simply diagramming on paper to work out how it
         | should function.
         | 
         | I have a fuzzy mental stage for these things. It's like my
         | mind's second monitor. It mostly goes ignored but I can focus
         | on it if I want to. Shapes and colors are weak but are
         | definitely there. But still a useful tool.
        
         | ergonaught wrote:
         | Okay, so, if you think people are only metaphorically referring
         | to their "minds eye", then you probably have aphantasia. If the
         | idea of people "counting sheep" to go to sleep confuses you,
         | thinking that perhaps you could not go to sleep if you just lay
         | there counting to yourself (hint: that's not what they mean),
         | welcome to club aphantasia.
         | 
         | I haven't even read the comments yet and I guarantee there are
         | people here debating that there is some spectrum or degree of
         | quality to the imagery of the minds eye, and those people don't
         | understand that there is nothing which can possess qualities
         | when you have aphantasia. If there are degrees, then you don't
         | have aphantasia.
         | 
         | It's entirely possible to imagine things, and to access
         | data/information about things that the brain is presumably
         | constructing, but there is no direct, sober, conscious access
         | to mental imagery. None. Not "fuzzy", not "cloudy", not "not
         | very strong": none.
         | 
         | Resonates? Again, welcome aboard.
         | 
         | No? Thanks for stopping by. :)
        
         | Jordan-117 wrote:
         | My understanding of it has been that aphantasiacs can only
         | imagine in terms of verbal descriptions, not images. If that's
         | the case, it seems like visual analogy would be a good
         | differentiator.
         | 
         | For example: without any internal monologue, think of the
         | Sydney Opera House, and then name some other objects it
         | resembles.
         | 
         | Someone with visual imagination should be able to rattle off
         | stuff like sailboats or seashells or folded napkins based
         | purely on visual similarity, while a true aphantasiac should be
         | lost without being able to look at a picture or derive an
         | answer from a mental list of attributes.
         | 
         | (Likewise, if you gave a non-aphantasiac a written list of
         | visual attributes the Sydney Opera House and ask them to name
         | similar objects without picturing anything visually, it might
         | be much more difficult to get the same range of answers.)
        
           | sean_pedersen wrote:
           | By this reasoning aphantasiacs should be incapable of drawing
           | anything from their mind.
        
             | Jordan-117 wrote:
             | They can, but the representations are much simpler, often
             | lacking visual detail and leaning on written labels:
             | 
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/12/05/86
             | 5...
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | I'm in the exact same boat. I think I have aphantasia, because
         | when I close my eyes all I see is black, and it is easier to
         | conjure up images with eyes open, and I absolutely would never,
         | ever, confuse what I "see" in my mind with reality.
         | 
         | Yet I am very good at recognizing faces, have okay memory of
         | past events (not outstanding, but acceptable) and can describe
         | places and people with reasonable accuracy.
         | 
         | So, I'm not sure.
        
         | agentcoops wrote:
         | There is really a fundamental difference as many studies now
         | have shown---and I can attest from personal experience.
         | Honestly, if you have to ask the question there's a pretty high
         | chance you are: everyone at some level believes that their own
         | inner experience generalizes to the rest of humanity, but it's
         | those with aphantasia who thereby believe that everyone else's
         | description is just a manner of speaking ("they, like me,
         | surely don't really think in pictures").
         | 
         | I find the typical thought experiment of "picture an apple"
         | less illustrative than something like "picture the face of a
         | co-worker you see every day but aren't friends with and tell me
         | the color of their eyes." In the apple case, everyone has a
         | "concept" of apple and an experience of "thinking about an
         | apple"---the difference is really in what you can deduce from
         | that thinking and how, if that make sense. Are you reasoning on
         | the basis of an image or from more or less linguistic facts
         | ("apples are red therefore..." etc)?
         | 
         | The main difference that's more than an "implementation" detail
         | of how you think, so to speak, but really a limit concerns
         | what's called "episodic memory." People with aphantasia rather
         | singularly cannot re-experience the emotions of past
         | experiences. There are a lot of studies on this and I can look
         | up the references if you're interested.
         | 
         | When I was really trying to make sense of my own aphantasia, I
         | found https://www.hurlburt.faculty.unlv.edu/codebook.html to be
         | one of the most fascinating resources: it's essentially a
         | catalog of all the different modalities of inner experience a
         | large study found. Probably there are critiques of his
         | methodology etc, but regardless it's an invaluable aid for
         | trying to figure out how exactly you think.
        
           | woopwoop wrote:
           | Are you saying that a non-aphantasic person can recall the
           | eye color of everyone in their office?
        
         | teamonkey wrote:
         | I have aphantasia. I know what something looks like, I just
         | can't see it.
         | 
         | It's not like a written or verbal list though. I also have no
         | internal voice so that wouldn't make sense. It's just like the
         | _concept_ of what I'm thinking of is right there in all its
         | detail. Its extremely spatial - I'm thinking in 3D even if I'm
         | not visualising it.
         | 
         | On the visual side, sometimes if I try hard I can make out an
         | amorphous blob. Mostly colourless, though sometimes it has some
         | abstract colours. Trying to recall actual detailed features is
         | very hard, especially faces.
         | 
         | Occasionally I get memory flashes which are more like actually
         | seeing a photograph in my head, but they last a fraction of a
         | second and can't be done on demand. Sometimes I have dreams
         | which are more visual. This is how I know that my normal way of
         | thinking isn't visual.
        
           | kraftman wrote:
           | If you think about something famous, like the Eiffel tower,
           | or big ben, you don't picture them?
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | I wouldn't doubt that maybe there's also some condition where
       | people can't see physical images at all. Like they know where
       | stuff is because signals go to their brain but if you ask them to
       | describe what they are seeing they can't, they see nothing. It's
       | really not much more bizarre than aphantasia.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | There are several levels of this. There are people who can do
         | things as though they see but have no conscious access to the
         | interpreted visual information. Or they can do something that
         | requires vision with one hand but not the other.
         | 
         | You can think of it like a bunch of different subsystems
         | responsible for different kinds of tasks and some of them can
         | be broken so the connections between them don't work.
         | 
         | Read _Hallucinations_ by Oliver Sacks for a lot of case
         | studies.
        
       | sharkjacobs wrote:
       | > He knew, of course, that people talked about "picturing" or
       | "visualizing," but he had always taken this to be just a
       | metaphorical way of saying "thinking." Now it appeared that, in
       | some incomprehensible sense, people meant these words literally.
       | 
       | This is the quintessential aphantasic experience. I still
       | struggle to believe that other people "see" things in their
       | heads.
        
         | nemomarx wrote:
         | Do you see them in dreams? I normally struggle to visualize
         | things but when I'm half asleep my imagination suddenly has
         | color and detail that normally doesn't happen when I try to
         | picture stuff
        
           | sharkjacobs wrote:
           | I can't speak about my immediate experience of dreams because
           | I'm not dreaming right now, but when I remember my dreams I
           | remember them the same way I remember anything else, which is
           | to say, without mentally reproducing any visual component of
           | the memory.
        
             | Fade_Dance wrote:
             | At first I had some suspicion that perhaps the findings
             | were partly a result of interpretation of the question.
             | After all, I don't generate a crystal clear image of what
             | I'm thinking about - the image has some amorphous qualities
             | and comes in and out of focus.
             | 
             | But dreams are ultra-visual experiences for me, to the
             | extent where I will occasionally have flashbacks or deja vu
             | to dream images that were exceptionally strong.
             | 
             | So that nullified my suspicion! That said, I do wonder if
             | it's a spectrum, in that some people are more or less
             | visual in their thinking, and on the extremes people may
             | get the capability snipped, as the dim visual hum fades to
             | black and background noise.
        
           | mike_ivanov wrote:
           | Not the OP - I think it's the same process. The difference is
           | in what my inner narrator is doing. When I asleep it is
           | almost always gone, and this is when I typically see things
           | in full color. When awake, my attention is split between
           | listening to its storytelling and the mental imagery, which I
           | believe makes the latter more dull. I noticed that the
           | narrator is more loud when I'm in a minor mental state, like
           | tired or annoyed. When happy/refreshed - there is no voice in
           | my head and I can "see" things very clearly, especially their
           | colors. So, I started looking for ways to divert my attention
           | from the narrator. The most effective seems to keep the
           | narrator busy with commenting on my breath ("in" and "out"),
           | got some boost of mental clarity from that.
        
           | godshatter wrote:
           | The hypnogogic state seems to work fine in at least some
           | aphants, including myself. I see nothing at all when I try to
           | visualize. I have also lucid dreamed in the past and have
           | consciously seen things in a dream as well. I can remember
           | the dream as having been visual in the same way I can
           | remember seeing things with my eyes open yesterday.
        
         | bena wrote:
         | This is the fundamental question _about_ experience.
         | 
         | You may be "right". What you consider to be "seeing" things in
         | one's head may be not what's happening in that person's mind.
         | What they call "seeing" may be something else.
         | 
         | The best way I can describe it is essentially generating a
         | memory. If I were instructed to picture an apple in my mind, I
         | could imagine a hand holding up an bog standard Red Delicious.
         | I can imagine it free-floating. And it would be much like when
         | I remember what happened yesterday for instance. Of course, we
         | get into whether or not we "see" the memory or not.
         | 
         | So, if you are saying you do not consider yourself to have
         | mental images, what, to your best ability to describe it, do
         | you do when you remember an event?
        
           | hvs wrote:
           | Personally, I remember "facts" about the event. Like, who was
           | there, when it was, what was said. I don't have mental images
           | of an event.
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | So it's like an analytical description of the event?
             | 
             | You don't remember sensations about an experience, like
             | touch, smells, etc?
        
               | hvs wrote:
               | Basically? It's a "sense" or "vibe". "There was a guy
               | begging on the street" is what I remember. Not the actual
               | words or a picture, just the "vibe" of that sentence.
               | Definitely no touches, sounds, smells, or pictures.
               | 
               | My wife, who has a very visual and auditory memory, to
               | the point that she can basically re-watch movies in her
               | head, is still dumbfounded by this fact.
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | So, if you watch a poor person begging for food on the street,
         | how do you process that in the future? Do you rely on the
         | remembered feeling and literal observation in words? How do you
         | not remember what you saw?
        
           | hvs wrote:
           | I "know" that I saw someone begging on the street. I might
           | remember other "facts" as they seemed appropriate. But that's
           | it. If you asked me what color their hair was or what they
           | were wearing I would have no idea unless I had chosen to make
           | a note of that fact.
        
           | lakhim wrote:
           | I rely on the feeling, the sounds, the words on the sign, or
           | by analogy to another thing. I don't remember what it looked
           | like in the way that in a dream I believe I physically see
           | things
        
         | kbrkbr wrote:
         | I don't find it so surprising, because I can recollect sounds,
         | voices, songs. The same thing, another sense.
         | 
         | So it's probably like hearing "inner" sounds, just with motion
         | pictures.
         | 
         | I wonder if there are also sound aphantasts, but it's highly
         | likely.
         | 
         | Different to the case described at the beginning of the article
         | I have lots of memories. But they are stories of what happened,
         | not movies.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | > _I wonder if there are also sound aphantasts, but it 's
           | highly likely._
           | 
           | My friend is one such person. He is amazed I can "hear" the
           | opening soundtrack of Star Wars. I'm amazed there are people
           | who cannot.
           | 
           | It's probably a related phenomenon to visual aphantasia. My
           | friend, poor thing, has it all.
        
             | anthonypasq wrote:
             | would your friend be able to hum the star wars theme song
             | from memory? it seems impossible for me to be able to
             | recreate the star wars theme song without being able to
             | hear it in my head.
        
         | 1bpp wrote:
         | I still struggle to believe that some _can 't_. There's just
         | always been an abstract 'canvas' separate from the one signals
         | from my eyes end up on and I can 'draw' on it by thinking about
         | visual stimulus, and it's hazy but perceptibly there, the same
         | way I 'hear' a song when I think about it. When this subject
         | comes up I also always want to ask if people with aphantasia
         | can hear sounds or music in their head. Or a taste or smell,
         | etc..
        
           | AstroBen wrote:
           | I have no idea if I have aphantasia or not but the comparison
           | between sound is interesting
           | 
           | I can _very_ clearly imagine sound or music in my head. My
           | visual imagination is at like 20% of that and it 's a
           | struggle
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | My visual imagery is also "hazy" and somehow fleeting and
           | unreal, but still very useful. I don't find it that hard to
           | imagine (heh) that for some people it would be more vivid,
           | and for others almost nonexistent - though a total lack of
           | visualization ability is perhaps more difficult to picture
           | (heh^2), similarly to how it's almost impossible to imagine
           | what it is like to be born blind, for example.
           | 
           | It would definitely be interesting if there were more
           | discussion on other imagined sensory modalities, too. For
           | example, as a choir singer I'd guess that, say, keeping a
           | given starting pitch in your head is easier for people who
           | can mentally "hear" it. Myself I can sort of imagine sounds,
           | but keeping a pitch in my head is more about the physically
           | preparing my larynx to produce that pitch.
        
           | godshatter wrote:
           | I have aphantasia and cannot hear sounds or music in my head.
           | I can't taste or smell things either, but I've also been
           | going through life assuming most people can't either. From
           | reading about it, it seems that some people can do hear
           | things but not see them and probably various other
           | combinations.
           | 
           | I have no abstract canvas to write anything on that I've ever
           | seen.
        
       | levocardia wrote:
       | The most astounding thing to me (able to form mental images just
       | fine thanks) is that aphantasia does not cause more problems.
       | Naively I would have assumed such a condition would cause
       | problems navigating abstract problems, nearly as badly as actual
       | blindness impairs physical navigation.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | One of the "big" things I've come to understand is that there
         | really are very different ways to think, but yet it seems that
         | they all have more or less the same "expressive power", up to
         | some natural variance in how good people are at specific tasks
         | like navigation.
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | It's possible that in some configurations of aphantasia the
         | brain is still doing some sort of processing that is made
         | available via a subconscious process.
         | 
         | So you can't visualize an occluded surface in an active way but
         | your brain still prevents you from running your rear bumper
         | into another car.
         | 
         | Many people with aphantasia still dream at night.
         | 
         | Congenital aphantasia and emergent aphantasia may effect brain
         | structures differently, perhaps some forms just disconnect the
         | pipeline that feeds the brains computed data back into our
         | visual centers for further visual analysis.
         | 
         | It's very interesting, in running down these differences we
         | would probably learn a lot about the brain.
        
       | fellowniusmonk wrote:
       | I developed aphantasia around 13 after a series of heart
       | procedures where I had to be under.
       | 
       | Evaluating qualia in others is extremely
       | difficult/philosophically impossible, I have pre/post expierence
       | with both states of being.
       | 
       | I can still somewhat conjure up imagery from prior to the
       | procedure series, it almost feels like I can see them, my
       | mother's face, my father face, kinda of, it did not effect my
       | dreams or ability to have imagery in my edge of dreaming state,
       | not immediately at least.
       | 
       | I went from being very imaginative to trying to surf that half
       | awake state in the mornings because it was such a loss.
       | 
       | At this point it's all mostly gone. My memory is entirely text
       | strings now.
        
         | bena wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing your experience.
         | 
         | So, for you at least, there is/was a significant difference
         | between "seeing things in your mind" and not being able to.
         | Have you ever gone under any studies or tests to compare your
         | brain activity to others?
        
           | fellowniusmonk wrote:
           | No, if there was a study I would join it. I wish I had done
           | an MRI in my "pre" state, the change was very rapid.
           | 
           | You'll see a bunch of people always pile into these
           | aphantasia threads and basically show a bias towards their
           | own qualia being the only type of existing experience and the
           | whole thing being mere semantic differences to describe the
           | same mental function.
           | 
           | It really boggles my mind, it's like in HS when I told people
           | I was mildly color blind and they literally took it as being
           | "like, blind?". I get that from a bunch of high schoolers,
           | it's very odd to see in what are presumably adults on this
           | site.
           | 
           | Those people are simply incorrect, I and many like me didn't
           | have congenital aphantasia, it's well established in the
           | literature.
        
             | bena wrote:
             | I mean, the issue is that we cannot know what is actually
             | going on in someone else's mind. All we can do is describe
             | it to the best of our ability. So there is some likelihood
             | that things like inner monologues and aphantasia are simply
             | different ways of describing similar things.
             | 
             | However, you present an interesting point of view. As
             | someone who remembers being able to visualize but is no
             | longer able to.
             | 
             | And while I feel you on the MRI thing, I don't think you
             | could have known you'd lose the ability to visualize. But I
             | think there would be some value in comparing you against
             | people who both claim to be able to visualize and those who
             | claim to not be able to. You would serve as a sort of
             | marker. Someone who we could be relatively comfortable
             | categorizing as you have distinct memories of being able to
             | visualize and now have a different experience.
        
               | fellowniusmonk wrote:
               | This may be a bit nitpicky of me but:
               | 
               | I guess I just find qualia skeptism to be generally
               | unhelpful and on a purely personal level I find it
               | annoying and think of it as an almost brain dead take.
               | Uncharitable though that may be, I guess I need an
               | explanation for the behavior because I just don't get it.
               | 
               | I distinguish this from being skeptical about specific
               | qualia explanations (the voices in my head are demons
               | talking to me) which I think is fair, you don't have to
               | accept the attempt to explain.
               | 
               | People who were skeptical of post covid health
               | complications (also called long covid) who just straight
               | up asserted it must be false and it's not worth looking
               | into.
               | 
               | I don't understand the knee jerk denialism of qualia, a
               | thing widely understood to be essentially irreducible and
               | "unsharable".
        
               | bena wrote:
               | It's completely ephemeral and ridiculously difficult to
               | prove or demonstrate.
               | 
               | We only really know what goes on inside our own heads.
               | And unlike other things, like long covid, there's no
               | outward expression of not being able to visualize.
               | 
               | And even for those who claim to be able to visualize,
               | they'll admit that they aren't "seeing" the object. But
               | it's difficult to explain what I mean when I say "I can
               | see it in my head". But it's not. So it's hard to say
               | whether what we're doing is the same or not.
               | 
               | Like the old bit about whether or not the blue you see is
               | the blue I see. In the end, it kind of doesn't matter. If
               | something is "blue", we both agree that the thing is
               | blue, it occupies a certain wavelength, etc. So even
               | though we agree that the thing is blue, we cannot know if
               | we actually see it the same. But since the results are
               | the same, the particular qualia doesn't matter.
               | 
               | We can't make that comparison with inner monologue or
               | visualization. Which is why I guess it fascinates people.
        
       | WithinReason wrote:
       | I wonder what happens when you e.g. flash a 5 digit number to a
       | person with aphantasia for say 0.1 seconds. Can they read it from
       | memory? Or are they worse at this task than people with mental
       | imagery? How about mentally rotating 3D objects?
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | I can no longer rotate or even imagine 3d objects.
         | 
         | My lexical memory is very high, and I have long running echoic
         | memory so I can post process audio but a 0.1 second visual
         | flash?
         | 
         | Unless my brain picked it up and had time to parse out the
         | numbers into lexical storage I would not be able to go back and
         | recall it at all.
         | 
         | I don't have congenital aphantasia and it's clear to me that
         | there are certain kinds of background processing still
         | occurring in my subconscious, it's like a unidirectional
         | connection between parts of my brain that was once
         | bidirectional.
        
         | anthonypasq wrote:
         | that was what i was wondering. if i showed someone a strange
         | sort of asymmetrical 3d object and told them to tell me what it
         | would look like if there were looking at it from the back, it
         | seems like it would be almost impossible to do.
        
       | tekacs wrote:
       | For those who find themselves wondering whether they 'have'
       | aphantasia or not, I would really recommend looking at the
       | aphantasia apples:
       | 
       | https://lianamscott.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/f4c55-1_b...
       | 
       | As in: if you look at this image, can you place yourself on a
       | scale of 1 - 5 of as to the fidelity with which you can picture
       | an apple if you try to imagine it?
       | 
       | I'm a 5 for example, and in asking many people this question I've
       | gotten a solid spectrum of answers from 1 - 5. Generally in a
       | single group of a handful of people I'll get several different
       | numbers.
        
         | happytoexplain wrote:
         | I think this test is bad at accounting for subjectivity. A
         | literal image you see with your eyes doesn't map exactly to an
         | image you "see" with your mind.
        
           | tekacs wrote:
           | It... doesn't, but I've found that a large number of people
           | (I've asked at least many dozens) find it relatively easy to
           | rank themselves on it, and differentiate amongst one
           | another's subjective perceptions.
           | 
           | Also see my sibling comment about contrasting and tasks!
        
         | AstroBen wrote:
         | I have no frame of reference for what a 1 is even like so I
         | don't know how to judge myself on it
         | 
         | Do 1's see it as clearly as if it was through regular eyesight?
        
           | Matticus_Rex wrote:
           | According to my wife (a 1), yes. Seems wild to me as a ~4. If
           | I concentrate really, really hard on trying to imagine visual
           | detail I can get something to a ~3 at low detail or hold
           | individual small details at a 2 until I stop concentrating on
           | them.
        
         | phainopepla2 wrote:
         | I have sometimes wondered whether there is a personality or
         | cognitive trait that makes one unable to respond to tests
         | measuring personality or cognitive traits.
         | 
         | Every personality test I have ever taken, on many of the
         | questions I've felt that I could answer almost anything and
         | still be truthful.
         | 
         | When I see this apple scale, I simultaneously feel that both 1
         | and 5 apply to how I visualize an apple. It's hard for me to
         | describe what's going on in my brain, and I don't think
         | language or images are very helpful at illuminating it.
         | 
         | If such a meta-trait were to exist, which would have more to do
         | with the narratives and metaphors we use to describe our mental
         | processes than the processes themselves, it would be funny if
         | that's actually a good deal of what was being measured all
         | along.
         | 
         | (Or maybe it just means I'm a 5)
        
           | tekacs wrote:
           | Something that might help - in this specific instance - is
           | trying to contrast with others.
           | 
           | That is: if you show this photo to people that you know and
           | you compare and contrast _how detailedly_ you can imagine the
           | apples, that can help.
           | 
           | For example: are you imagining a _specific_ apple? What high-
           | level color is it? How about more specifically? How does the
           | color change across the surface? If so, does it have any
           | distinguishing features? Leaves on the stem or no? What does
           | the bottom look like? Can you turn it around and describe
           | that?
           | 
           | Folks who are high up on the spectrum (like 1) can often
           | answer these questions specifically, whereas as you go down
           | the spectrum these tasks seem progressively more impossible.
        
             | phainopepla2 wrote:
             | That doesn't really help me, because I feel that I could
             | answer those questions in detail but also truthfully say
             | that there is no image at all of the apple in my head.
             | 
             | I guess what I'm saying is that image / not-image binary
             | doesn't really map on to how I perceive the experience of
             | my own imagination.
             | 
             | But again, maybe that just means I'm a 5 and I'm coping.
        
         | zaphoyd wrote:
         | I've had mixed results with this method, especially for folks
         | in category 5 because they grew up in a world where people
         | casually talked about [actual] visualization and they've
         | associated [not actually visualization] with the word (thinking
         | it is a metaphor for something else). As someone who cannot
         | visualize at all when faced with this question I feel like my
         | answer wants to be.. "null" / "the premise of this question
         | doesn't make sense" and not "5"
         | 
         | A variant that I've found helpful for teasing out this case: 1.
         | Ask the test subject to visualize an Apple 2. Ask them for a
         | few very specific details about the apple they are currently
         | visualizing (what color is it? does it have a leaf or a bite
         | out of it?, etc)
         | 
         | In many cases aphantastics will not object to the activity in
         | step 1, but they won't be doing the same thing as the folks who
         | are actually visualizing. They'll just do what they do when
         | people talk about "visualizing".
         | 
         | When you get to step 2 someone who is actually visualizing can
         | immediately answer the questions and don't think they are
         | strange, they are just reporting what they are visualizing in
         | front of them.
         | 
         | An aphantastic in step 2 is often confused. They aren't
         | actually visualizing any specific apple so there isn't a
         | reference to answer the questions. You'll get a response like..
         | well what kind of Apple is it? How should I know if it has a
         | bite out of it? You first have to either provide more context
         | or reword the question to something like: What is a color an
         | Apple could be? or What color is your favorite Apple?
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | I'm definitely in category 4 by default, though I can do
         | category 2 with concentration. But I don't really feel like
         | it's a problem? If things have colors and surfaces then your
         | view of one object can block your view of another object which
         | seems like it makes visualizing complex scenes or devices much
         | less convenient.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | I think I'm a 3? I don't see a real apple, more like the
         | concept of an apple, but the harder I try, the more
         | characteristics I can conjure -- although it would be a stretch
         | to say I "see" them.
        
         | poly2it wrote:
         | From the comments here I'm almost getting the impression
         | aphantasia is more common than not, which is wild to me. I'm
         | quite sure I'd place myself on one. I can imagine an apple, and
         | it will vividly appear. I can transform it, see reflections on
         | it or imagine the feel and sound from slicing it. However, I do
         | not experience the apple as part of an overlay, as some others
         | have described it. Rather, it's as if I use a different set of
         | eyes, ears or a another skin. The more vividly imagine the
         | apple, the less aware I become of my actual senses. I can of
         | course also imagine how the apple would interact with the
         | environment around me, but the combined environment is still
         | distinct from reality. I also have very precise memories of
         | faces I've seen. I've always wondered if there's an inverted
         | correlation with my number memory, which is much more diffuse.
        
       | happytoexplain wrote:
       | I have no real basis for this, but I always suspected that the
       | majority of differences in ability to picture things is actually
       | just a difference in semantics about terms like "visualizing",
       | "picturing", etc. I don't think anybody is "literally"
       | envisioning things, as in hallucination. On the other end, I
       | don't think anybody is actually unable to "think of" what a thing
       | looks like. But it's really difficult to objectively describe
       | what it's like to picture something in your head - so difficult,
       | in fact, that I can see some people calling it "literally
       | summoning an image" and others calling it "not seeing anything at
       | all", while both talking about the _exact same thing_.
       | 
       | Not that there isn't a difference in ability, just that it might
       | not be as dramatic/binary as we seem to think.
        
         | podgietaru wrote:
         | Yeah, when I first heard this I tried to picture an elephant.
         | And I thought, huh. I can't. But I realised there's a vague,
         | hazy representation of it in my mind. That idea of needing to
         | see things with picture clarity really threw me at first.
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | Yep. I can picture things all right, even details such as
           | surface texture, and if I'm eg. planning a route I'm
           | certainly doing it in a visual way (imagining a map), but the
           | sensation is much more "ghostly" and transient than real
           | imagery. The same goes for other modalities like sound or
           | smell or touch.
        
         | aosaigh wrote:
         | I agree with this. I thought I had aphantasia the last time I
         | read about it here.
         | 
         | Then I started interrogating all of the people who claimed to
         | "visualise" things and it turned out we were all doing the same
         | thing - conceptualising in our "mind's eye".
         | 
         | For example, anyone I've asked to visualise something with
         | their eyes closed can also "visualise" the same thing with
         | their eyes open. It's happening "somewhere else" and not in
         | your vision.
         | 
         | So I think the term "visualise" leads to a lot of the
         | confusion.
        
           | khazhoux wrote:
           | I'm friends with a Disney animator. I asked him, when you
           | draw are you seeing the image in your mind? He was confused
           | and said of course, he sees it very clearly, and his drawings
           | are just laying down that image. He didn't understand what it
           | would be like to _not_ visualize.
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | As a person with aphantasia, I can see actual images when I'm
         | on the edge of sleep, and I can see actual images when I'm
         | dreaming, but I can't get anything like that to show up when I
         | try to "picture" something. Just black with static.
         | 
         | It is difficult to describe, but so many people talk about it
         | as if they are seeing something and I never have - I've always
         | assumed it was a figure of speech of some kind to visualize
         | something.
        
           | AaronAPU wrote:
           | I can't generally "literally see" my mental images. But on a
           | few rare occasions in my life, I did. I don't know why, and
           | it was brief, but at least I can easily believe now that some
           | people do it all the time.
           | 
           | When it happened to me the few times it was an otherwise very
           | mundane day and it felt very natural. It was overlayed onto
           | whatever else I was looking at and could persist with eyes
           | closed.
           | 
           | Honestly the experience kind of cheapened art for me to an
           | extent since you either have that cheat code or you don't.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | No, I've talked about this with a friend with aphantasia, and
         | that's not it.
         | 
         | While I'm willing to concede there's probably different degrees
         | of visualization (which in my mind also explains why some
         | people are able to draw "from memory" and others are less apt),
         | there's also people who absolutely cannot visualize at all.
         | 
         | My friend:
         | 
         | - Cannot visualize AT ALL. If you ask him to picture a red
         | circle, he cannot do it. He cannot visualize the color red.
         | 
         | - If you ask him to picture the face of his mother, he cannot
         | do it. All he sees is darkness. (We've wondered about this, how
         | can he tell it's his mother when he sees her? He has no
         | difficulty identifying faces, he just cannot visualize them at
         | all if they are not in front of him. Not "not close enough" --
         | AT ALL).
         | 
         | - He cannot mentally reproduce music, no matter how
         | imperfectly. I can "hear" the opening soundtrack of Star Wars
         | (with reasonable fidelity), he cannot.
         | 
         | - He cannot taste in anticipation something he enjoys, like
         | flavorful coffee. I can anticipate drinking a good coffee, and
         | get some sort of sensorial stimulation/anticipation even
         | _before_ I get the coffee. He cannot, at all. And he does enjoy
         | good coffee.
         | 
         | It's not about a difference in terminology, he really cannot
         | visualize/mentally experience anything if it's not actually
         | happening.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | Finally:
         | 
         | > _I don 't think anybody is "literally" envisioning things, as
         | in hallucination_
         | 
         | I am. It's not exactly a hallucination because there's no
         | confusion about what's real and what's not, but "hallucination"
         | is pretty close to what actually happens in my mind. I can
         | visualize pretty much anything I've experienced, and some
         | things I haven't too, like green elves dancing on my keyboard.
         | I've always been a visual person.
         | 
         | I can draw things "from memory" and it's pretty much putting
         | into paper what I'm seeing in my mind.
        
         | abetusk wrote:
         | I think this is a typical response for someone with aphantasia.
         | 
         | To see why your take might be false, many people dreams have a
         | fidelity of images that is comparable to reality, even for
         | people with aphantasia. Do you dream with this fidelity? Can
         | you recreate that fidelity while awake?
         | 
         | There are also testable differences that support the claim that
         | people can _actually_ visualize, in photographic detail, images
         | while awake [0].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856239/
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | I might not be the most representative example (I seem to use
         | visual and spatial more than most people for abstract
         | reasoning), but here goes an attempt to convey one data
         | point...
         | 
         | If I imagine a particular model of car, for example, I can
         | instantly visualize much of what the entire car looks like. I
         | can also move my attention around parts of the visualization,
         | to see more detail. It's more than facts, and more than
         | feelings.
         | 
         | This visualization is different than seeing with eyes, and is
         | not confused with that, but seems to be using some of the same
         | machinery.
         | 
         | I could sketch a detailed drawing from what I'm visualizing, a
         | bit like the car was physically there, and I could keep looking
         | back to it for references. But when it's in my head, I don't
         | have to take my eyes off the drawing, and I can kinda merge my
         | drawing and the reference in my head.
         | 
         | In contrast, if I try to imagine the _scent_ of tire rubber, or
         | of cooking, or any other scent, I cannot. Not even the tiniest
         | bit. There 's just nothing there.
         | 
         | As a point of reference for comparison, that's pretty dramatic
         | and binary.
         | 
         | Of course, when I smell a familiar scent, I often identify it
         | instantly. And while I am physically perceiving it, I can
         | experience it, and move my attention around it, and introspect
         | on its character, and have other reactions to it (e.g., good,
         | bad, etc.), etc. But immediately after I stop physically
         | perceiving it, I again can't imagine it. I can only recall
         | previously registered facts about it: that vanilla smells good,
         | kinda sweet(?), and maybe creamy(?). I could know more facts if
         | I was a baker or cook, and I guess reason about how to use
         | vanilla, but I still doubt I could imagine perceiving the scent
         | of vanilla in my head.
         | 
         | And some scents will quickly surface related memories of
         | previous times I perceived the scent, even decades ago. And
         | those non-scent memories will remain activated and linger after
         | the physical scent is removed. (Any rare accompanying wow deja
         | vu sense is brief.)
         | 
         | I can picture the visual appearance of various glass and
         | plastic bottles of vanilla flavoring I've seen over the
         | decades, and how some vanilla flavoring looks in a particular
         | stainless steel teaspoon with ambient light reflecting through
         | it, etc. I can also visualize in detail the visual appearance
         | of things that come to mind when I try to think about things
         | I've seen that have vanilla flavoring. I just can't imagine
         | what they smell or taste like.
        
         | loco5niner wrote:
         | It's not a confusion of terms. I can easily conjure up picture-
         | quality images in my head, whether my eyes are open or closed.
         | Compare that to my wife who says she can't even see my face in
         | her head, at all, and has a hard time recognizing faces to the
         | point where she asked my not to do anything about the red dot
         | on my face (broken capillaries) because that's one way she
         | recognizes that it's me. She can't see images in her head. She
         | can't recall visual memories in her head, she sometimes
         | struggles to remember which shelf the cups go when emptying the
         | dishwasher. Perfectly normal and smart and capable. Not arguing
         | that it's binary, but there are distinct ends of the spectrum.
         | It might also be stronger for me because I tend to 'think' in
         | pictures when the problem calls for it and it's a 'style of
         | thinking' I'm used to.
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | > _I don 't think anybody is "literally" envisioning things, as
         | in hallucination_
         | 
         | I think it's basically exactly like a hallucination for some
         | people, except it's mentally tagged as originating "internally"
         | instead of "externally" (which is what freaks people out about
         | having a hallucination). I think it's basically the same thing
         | with internal monologue vs. auditory hallucinations.
         | 
         | (for the record I have neither internal monologue nor
         | visualization)
        
       | Amorymeltzer wrote:
       | >Aphantasics might skip over descriptive passages in books--since
       | description aroused no images in their minds, they found it dull
       | --or, because of such passages, avoid fiction altogether. Some
       | aphantasics found the movie versions of novels more compelling,
       | since these supplied the pictures that they were unable to
       | imagine. Of course, for people who did have imagery, seeing a
       | book character in a movie was often unsettling--because they
       | already had a sharp mental image of the character which didn't
       | look like the actor, or because their image was vague but just
       | particular enough that the actor looked wrong, or because their
       | image was barely there at all and the physical solidity of the
       | actor conflicted with that amorphousness.
       | 
       | I definitely have aphantasia, but this description really didn't
       | connect with me. I don't have a mental image of something, I have
       | the vague sense of knowing what that thing looks like. I read
       | both fiction and non-fiction fervently. I frequently am annoyed
       | at film adaptation, since they conflict with what (I have a vague
       | sense of knowing) the character looked like.
       | 
       | However:
       | 
       | >Some aphantasics found the movie versions of novels more
       | compelling, since these supplied the pictures that they were
       | unable to imagine.
       | 
       | I _do_ find that, once I 've seen a movie or show adaptation,
       | that portrayal becomes much more compelling in the mind than the
       | book. The quintessential example for me is the snake exhibit's
       | glass in the first _Harry Potter_ book /movie.
        
         | daemonologist wrote:
         | These passages about reading were interesting to me as well,
         | particularly the preceding one:                   > Naturally,
         | aphantasics usually had a very different experience of reading.
         | Like most people, as they became absorbed, they stopped
         | noticing the visual qualities of the words on the page, and,
         | because their eyes were fully employed in reading, they also
         | stopped noticing the visual world around them. But, because the
         | words prompted no mental images, it was almost as if reading
         | bypassed the visual world altogether and tunnelled directly
         | into their minds.
         | 
         | I do _not_ have aphantasia, but I 'm not seeing mental images
         | when I'm reading unless I'm not "in the zone" and consciously
         | choose to do so. Good fiction especially is more direct-to-
         | memory.
        
       | FloorEgg wrote:
       | For me I can "see" things in my minds eye and it almost doesn't
       | matter if my eyes are closed or not. The detail isn't perfect and
       | it's unlike anything else I would ever "see", such as a blurry
       | image or simple drawing. I can manipulate the image in my mind,
       | rotate it or fold it over, etc.
       | 
       | The longer I think about a specific part the more detail I can
       | see in that part. Unlike when I look around and see infinite
       | detail all at once, my minds eye only sees the detail when I
       | really focus on generating it.
        
       | abetusk wrote:
       | I've only skimmed the article but it seems to relate memory with
       | aphantasia, which I haven't heard before. I'm a bit skeptical of
       | this take.
       | 
       | Note that people aphantasia tend to score _better_ at scene
       | recall, at least in some metrics, than people without ( "Those
       | without visual imagery show deficits in object but not spatial
       | memory" [0]). I think the idea is that people with aphantasia
       | tend to build language "scaffolding" to describe relations rather
       | than relying on a visual representation.
       | 
       | If true, this might be why people with aphantasia tend to
       | gravitate towards some engineering and science disciplines.
       | 
       | There's a lot of people lamenting the loss of minds eye visual
       | imagery but a potential benefit is to have a lifetime's practice
       | of using language to reason and quantify relationships between
       | pieces of knowledge.
       | 
       | [0] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7856239/
        
       | zephyrthenoble wrote:
       | I think an interesting different way to talk about aphantasia is
       | not, "Can you see an apple when you close your eyes" but more
       | along the linked of, "Can you mentally edit the visual reality
       | you see?"
       | 
       | A common exercise while being in the back seat of a car while I
       | was young was to imagine someone in a skateboard riding along the
       | power lines on the side of the road, keeping pace with our car.
       | 
       | It's not literally overriding my vision, it's almost like a thin
       | layer, less than transparent, over reality. But specifically,
       | it's entirely in my mind. I would never confuse that imagery with
       | reality...
       | 
       | Having said that, I think that is related to the way our brains
       | process visual information. I've had an experience when I'm
       | driving that, when I recognize where I am, coming from a new
       | location in not familiar with, I feel like suddenly my vision
       | expands in my peripheral vision. I think this is because my brain
       | offloads processing to a faster mental model of the road because
       | I'm familiar with it. I wonder if that extra "vision" is actually
       | as ephemeral as my imagined skateboarder.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | > _A common exercise while being in the back seat of a car
         | while I was young was to imagine someone in a skateboard riding
         | along the power lines on the side of the road, keeping pace
         | with our car._
         | 
         | Oh, I've done this! I think many kids have. I remember a moment
         | in my childhood when it was ninja turtles riding on those
         | hoverboards, while I was bored watching outside the window of
         | the back seat. Riding along the power lines, and occasionally
         | katana-cutting something in the way.
        
         | AaronAPU wrote:
         | omg! That was every trip to my grandparents house my entire
         | childhood. I couldn't "actually see" the skateboarder, but it
         | was enough to serve as entertainment.
         | 
         | Mine was usually some sort of superhero who did flips over
         | things and picked them up and whatnot.
         | 
         | I can't imagine if you could "actually see" the skateboarder
         | how much less boring those rides would be.
        
         | tayloramurphy wrote:
         | Mine was a guy running next to us jumping over any shadows on
         | the road. He'd stumble a bit and then be able to sprint to
         | catch up.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | That's what i used to do too!!
        
           | dominick-cc wrote:
           | Same but with rollerblades
        
         | jdshaffer wrote:
         | Mine was a little 4-wheeled buggy riding along the guardrails
         | as we drove. Really cool to see other people had similar
         | imaginations!
        
       | hondadriver wrote:
       | Same here. I can't see, hear nor smell anything apart from what
       | is really there.
       | 
       | I can 'imagine' in great detail, have a good visual/ auditory
       | memory, but there is no real picture or sound. It is black /
       | silent. I never forget a face just can't picture them.
       | 
       | I found out about this via an article posted here when I was 45
       | years old, now 4 years ago.
       | 
       | It never felt and does feel like a disability in any way.
       | 
       | Dreams in contrast are a full sensory experience for me, so the
       | route back from memory to senses is there, only it is blocked
       | when I am awake.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | I simply do not buy any aspect of this. It is absolutely
       | untestable. It's not just that I don't think people who can't see
       | mental images exist, I don't think that you can prove that anyone
       | _does_ see mental images. It 's pure introspection and self-
       | reporting, and half of the scientists named had very odd, old-
       | timey standards of evidence that led them to many very wrong
       | conclusions in their fields.
       | 
       | I couldn't say whether I, myself, have any mental images. I
       | wouldn't even know what it meant to see without eyes. Does that
       | mean that I don't have mental images, or does that mean that I
       | have them so easily that they pass without notice? Or does it
       | mean that this is horseshit, and the consequences of it very much
       | not profound or even detectable?
       | 
       | People's self-reported subjective experiences, about any subject,
       | are almost worthless. You are even an unreliable narrator _to
       | yourself._ The burden of proof lies on the people who would claim
       | these mind ghosts, not the people that deny them. These
       | descriptions are all so much poetry, so literary.
       | 
       | Eric Schwitzgebel has done a lot of work on introspection, and
       | reminds us of things like how we thought we all dreamed in black
       | and white before the invention of the color television, and we
       | thought that dreaming in color was a sign of mental illness; and
       | how blind people who experienced "blindsight" had no idea that
       | they were reflexively echolocating until you covered their ears
       | and tested them again.
       | 
       | People can have entire, sound chains of reasoning that they are
       | only aware of the conclusions of (and unaware of the process even
       | existing.) We are not aware of all of what we're thinking or how.
       | Our self-perception relies as much or more on our self-images
       | than actual recall of our experiences.
       | 
       | Also, going through severe trauma and saying you see the world
       | differently afterwards is not evidence of anything. If it was
       | brain trauma, it'd be surprising if you _didn 't_ have a
       | different understanding of the world during and after your
       | recovery.
       | 
       | I understand this will be downvoted by people who have their
       | self-image tied up in this, or synesthesia, or any number of
       | untestable hypothetical mental states that are painted as
       | mysterious superpowers. I do think it helps to remind ourselves
       | in these times how far just babbling the most likely thing can
       | get us, now that we're in the age of LLMs. _There doesn 't have
       | to be anything inside._
       | 
       | edit: I've been paid as an artist at times in my life, and very
       | much like to draw, and I _still_ have no idea if I have any
       | mental imagery. It 's just not a concept I can attach any meaning
       | to.
       | 
       | -----
       | 
       | edit2: I entirely forgot that there's a specific essay on this
       | subject by Schwitzgebel.
       | 
       |  _How Well Do We Know Our Own Conscious Experience? The Case of
       | Visual Imagery_
       | 
       | > Philosophers tend to assume that we have excellent knowledge of
       | our own current conscious experience or "phenomenology". I argue
       | that our knowledge of one aspect of our experience, the
       | experience of visual imagery, is actually rather poor. Precedent
       | for this position is found among the introspective psychologists
       | of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Two main
       | arguments are advanced toward the conclusion that our knowledge
       | of our own imagery is poor. First, the reader is asked to form a
       | visual image, and it is expected that answering questions about
       | certain basic features of that experience will be difficult. If
       | so, it seems reasonable to suppose that people could be mistaken
       | about those basic features of their own imagery. Second, it is
       | observed that although people give widely variable reports about
       | their own experiences of visual imagery, differences in report do
       | not systematically correlate with differences on tests of skills
       | that psychologists have often supposed to require visual imagery,
       | such as mental rotation, visual creativity, and visual memory.
       | 
       | https://faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzAbs/Imagery.htm
       | 
       | other links:
       | 
       |  _Why Did We Think We Dreamed in Black and White?_
       | https://faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzAbs/DreamB&W.htm
       | 
       |  _How Well Do We Know Our Own Conscious Experience? The Case of
       | Human Echolocation_
       | https://faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzAbs/Echo.htm
       | 
       |  _The Unreliability of Naive Introspection_
       | https://faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/SchwitzAbs/Naive.htm
        
         | daemonologist wrote:
         | Regardless of the actual internal experience, it would be
         | interesting that most people are quite certain they can
         | "visualize" things, and a significant number of people are
         | quite certain they cannot. This, in my opinion, would be worth
         | discussing even if it was entirely down to the unreliability of
         | people's self-descriptions.
         | 
         | However, the article mentions evidence that there is an actual
         | physical difference here: fMRIs, and contraction of the pupil
         | when imagining a bright light. Clearly _something_ is
         | happening.
        
         | swores wrote:
         | > _I understand this will be downvoted by people who have their
         | self-image tied up in this, or synesthesia, or any number of
         | untestable hypothetical mental states that are painted as
         | mysterious superpowers._
         | 
         | FYI, I don't have any part of my self image related to any of
         | this sort of thing (I never think about it except when it comes
         | up in discussions like this, during which I briefly find it a
         | bit interesting and then forget about it again), and I
         | downvoted you because I think you're being confident to the
         | point of cockiness yet talking absolute rubbish.
         | 
         | So please don't assume there's some biased reason behind every
         | downvote you get for that comment, at least some of us just
         | think you're completely wrong.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > you're being confident to the point of cockiness yet
           | talking absolute rubbish.
           | 
           | Profound. I'm convinced. Ever consider speaking to the
           | argument, or is this just easier?
           | 
           | > So please don't assume there's some biased reason behind
           | every downvote you get for that comment, at least some of us
           | just think you're completely wrong.
           | 
           | I'm guessing from the comment that you self-describe in this
           | way? If so, why in the world would I change my assumption? I
           | have to be honest: your taking my (confident) disbelief as an
           | insult seems like a hit dog barking.
           | 
           | edit: and no degree of upset is going to make me understand
           | what a mental image is. So apparently, I don't have them
           | either.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | I obviously wasn't trying to change your mind on the main
             | subject, since I didn't make a single argument about it. I
             | don't have an obligation to try to explain why I think
             | you're wrong, and I don't understand the subject well
             | enough to be the right person to do so.
             | 
             | I was solely addressing your bullshit attempt to dismiss
             | any downvotes as being people defending their own self
             | images, by pointing out that I downvoted you without that
             | being even slightly the reason. I used to think that what
             | you believe was quite likely the case, and that people just
             | have different ways of describing it, and if scientists
             | were to prove that is indeed the case I'd be perfectly
             | happy to change my mind again, I couldn't give a shit other
             | than being curious to know the truth. Whether or not I can
             | visualise things more or less than the next person is no
             | more an important part of my self image than the exact
             | number of hairs on my left leg is - it technically does
             | make up a part of who I am, but not a part I'd ever bother
             | thinking about if thinking about the subject of "me".
             | 
             | > _" I'm guessing from the comment that you self-describe
             | in this way?"_
             | 
             | Your comment is confusingly worded such that I don't know
             | what "this way" means, but no, unless someone specifically
             | asked me how my mind works with regards to this specific
             | subject, I wouldn't self-describe anything to do with this
             | at all.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | I have no idea why you're concerned about my feeling
               | about downvotes, but you're free to have it. I assumed it
               | was a different reason, but it seems you're just
               | concerned about me. I assure you that I'm fine.
        
               | swores wrote:
               | I've no idea what part of my comment gave you the
               | impression I was concerned about you in any way or had
               | any reason to think you might not be fine, but good for
               | you that you are! :)
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | There was a study published by the University of Exeter in 2021
         | that showed the following:
         | 
         | rsfMRI revealed stronger connectivity between the visual-
         | occipital network and several prefrontal regions (BAs 9, 10,
         | 11) in the hyperphantasic group when compared with the
         | aphantasic group
         | 
         | Here is a link to the paper:
         | https://academic.oup.com/cercorcomms/article/2/2/tgab035/626...
         | 
         | So there does appear to be a way to potentially test for
         | aphantasia that requires no self-reporting, just an attempt to
         | visualize.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Thanks for the link.
        
         | svachalek wrote:
         | The last point is very interesting. I would say I have minimal,
         | nearly nonexistent ability to visualize mentally, unless I am
         | in a lucid dreaming state in which case it does feel like a
         | magic power.
         | 
         | I never thought about it until you brought it up, but my
         | ability to manipulate images in my head is nonetheless top
         | notch, I can solve visual puzzles that seem difficult for most
         | people with hardly any effort at all. And my ability to
         | draw/paint is not something people would pay me for but is
         | still well above average, and that also requires "holding" an
         | image in your mind. So either these skills are unrelated to
         | being able to "see" your imagination or we are really failing
         | to communicate about it.
        
       | paulsutter wrote:
       | What about visualizing physical systems. Billiards, air flowing
       | over a wing, what's causing the flaws in an anodizing process.
       | This is really more important because you can't invent machines
       | (or even diagnose them) if you cant visualize how a physical
       | system operates.
       | 
       | This is an clear shortcoming of LLMs/RLHF. They can talk a good
       | line about any subject, but become hopelessly confused when
       | discussing a physical system. Because they just knows the words,
       | they dont really have any idea about the physical world.
        
       | kaffekaka wrote:
       | Given how diffently people describe various phenomena which are
       | easier to actually compare, I have lost most hope of
       | quantitatively understanding aphantasia. Of course people differ
       | in ability to visualize thing and using "the minds eye", but
       | exactly what they mean when describing their experience is only
       | confusing.
       | 
       | Many, many people are so very imprecise with words. And we humans
       | are generally bad at analyzing ourselves vs others.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Ok, here's the 'related' list that I could come up with. Anything
       | I missed?
       | 
       | (Note: lists of previous threads aren't meant as criticism for a
       | topic being repetitive! On the contrary, the classic topics
       | always reappear and that's fine when the new article is
       | interesting. Lists like this are just for curious readers who
       | might want more.)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia and Psychedelics_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45438296 - Oct 2025 (117
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _I do not remember my life and it 's fine_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44196576 - June 2025 (223
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Most self-reported aphantasics also reported weak or absent
       | auditory imagery_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42534859
       | - Dec 2024 (6 comments)
       | 
       |  _What do you visualize while programming?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41869237 - Oct 2024 (167
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _What happens in a mind that can 't 'see' mental images_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41138338 - Aug 2024 (432
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia Is No Creativity-Killer_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40810777 - June 2024 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: I can not picture things in my mind_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40757775 - June 2024 (401
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Deep Aphantasia: a visual brain with minimal influence from
       | priors?_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39951990 - April
       | 2024 (114 comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: exploring imagery vividness
       | extremes_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39887661 - March
       | 2024 (89 comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasics less likely to be engaged with a short story, but
       | still enjoy it_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39113343 -
       | Jan 2024 (2 comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: The inability to create mental imagery_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38877146 - Jan 2024 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Poll: Can you visualize details with your eyes closed?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38660632 - Dec 2023 (60
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _What happens in the brain while daydreaming?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38654388 - Dec 2023 (146
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _My Brain Doesn't Picture Things_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37789989 - Oct 2023 (50
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _My Brain Doesn't Picture Things_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37784984 - Oct 2023 (60
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _How to see bright, vivid images in your mind's eye (2016)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37718999 - Sept 2023 (232
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Images in the mind's eye are quick sketches that lack simple,
       | real-world details_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36807533 - July 2023 (88
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: Picture This? Some Just Can't (2015)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36723060 - July 2023 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _How blind photographers visualize the world_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36719490 - July 2023 (48
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Ask HN: It seems I lost imagination, what to do?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34862427 - Feb 2023 (41
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: Ex-Pixar chief Ed Catmull says 'my mind's eye is
       | blind' (2019)_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31862468 -
       | June 2022 (1 comment)
       | 
       |  _Ask HN: Do you think in words or pictures?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31684070 - June 2022 (29
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: Not Everyone Can Picture Things_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31377295 - May 2022 (5
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: How It Feels to Be Blind in Your Mind (2016) [pdf]_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31153061 - April 2022 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Pupils Reveal 'Aphantasia' - The Absence of Visual Imagination_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31121556 - April 2022 (111
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia, or how not to do math in your head (2019)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30573004 - March 2022 (2
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _How do you visualize code?_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29979958 - Jan 2022 (86
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _I Can't See You but I'm Not Blind_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29551579 - Dec 2021 (306
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29365277 -
       | Nov 2021 (276 comments)
       | 
       |  _Not spooked by Halloween ghost stories? You may have
       | aphantasia_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29049356 - Oct
       | 2021 (10 comments)
       | 
       |  _Picture This? Some Just Can't (2015)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28997320 - Oct 2021 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Simple test reveals if your mental images are more vivid than
       | other people 's_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27669211
       | - June 2021 (146 comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: How It Feels to Be Blind in Your Mind (2016)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27588905 - June 2021 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Many People Have a Vivid 'Mind's Eye,' While Others Have None
       | at All_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27437001 - June
       | 2021 (31 comments)
       | 
       |  _Seeing things a different way; simple test for aphantasia_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24532946 - Sept 2020 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _People who can 't see things in their mind could have memory
       | trouble too: study_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23689667 - June 2020 (147
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Picture This? Some Just Can't (2015)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22800815 - April 2020 (103
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20267445 -
       | June 2019 (72 comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: 'My mind's eye is blind'_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19618927 - April 2019 (424
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The blind mind: No sensory visual imagery in aphantasia_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18799550 - Jan 2019 (100
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _What it's like to be unable to visualize anything_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11730505 - May 2016 (11
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: How It Feels to Be Blind in Your Mind_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11554894 - April 2016 (202
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: A life without mental images_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10148792 - Aug 2015 (73
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Aphantasia: A Life Without Mental Images_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10121678 - Aug 2015 (2
       | comments)
        
       | kaffekaka wrote:
       | Looking at it from another direction, sometimes daydreaming can
       | get so intense that what is in front of your eyes disappear.
       | Internal imagery completely takes over. Does this happen to
       | people who identify as aphantasiacs? Is everyone able to
       | daydream?
        
       | pfgallagher wrote:
       | I have aphantasia. Like many others, I am able to see images when
       | I dream and very rarely in a hypnagogic state.
       | 
       | My partner is on the opposite side of the spectrum; she can
       | conjure mental images with ease. Our differences in that respect
       | have led to a lot of interesting conversations.
       | 
       | I think aphantasia is quite misunderstood by people able to
       | visualize. I can remember how things look, have no issues
       | identifying faces, have a strong spatial understanding of places
       | I've been, etc. It's hard to describe precisely; we just remember
       | things differently.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | Instead of the whole image, you just visualize the main aspects
         | as vectors?
        
           | pfgallagher wrote:
           | Your metaphor isn't bad, actually. I just don't visualize
           | anything. It's more like a feeling of abstract relationships.
           | It often feels like most of my brain is in RAM; I can usually
           | recall things almost instantly. And if I can't, I can do the
           | trick where you think of something else and let your mind
           | crunch in the background until it pops up.
           | 
           | I should clarify that I can still imagine what a room looks
           | like and what's in it. I just don't see it. It's more like I
           | feel the layout or know where things are, almost like
           | navigating a mental map without any visuals. Specific details
           | like colors, patterns, etc. are much harder to recall unless
           | I am intimately familiar with the object or whatever.
        
             | cperciva wrote:
             | _a feeling of abstract relationships_
             | 
             | This. If you ask me to imagine a triangle I'll start
             | thinking about having three sides and three angles and the
             | area is half of the base times the height and it's a rigid
             | body and the angles add up to 180 degrees... but there's no
             | _visual_ aspect to it.
             | 
             | Sometimes I wonder if aphantasia gave me an advantage in
             | mathematics, because I had no trouble whatsoever with the
             | concept of "abstract symbols".
        
         | FjordWarden wrote:
         | After coming down from the shock of learning there are people
         | like you I was even more amazed that one of the founding
         | engineers of Pixar, and a giant in computer graphics, also has
         | this condition. He even did a survey that found his artists
         | where more likely to be on the aphantasia spectrum than
         | managers. Dunno, maybe some people are so driven to create what
         | they cannot think or see.
        
           | pfgallagher wrote:
           | I've heard about that! My partner and I have both been
           | learning to draw this year. I'm pretty decent at drawing
           | observationally / from reference, but I haven't tried much
           | from memory. I imagine she'd be much better at that side of
           | things. I've also noticed I'm not great at coming up with
           | initial ideas or visual concepts, but once I have a topic or
           | direction, I can absolutely run with it.
           | 
           | I also think it makes sense why a lot of software engineers
           | (myself included) have aphantasia. Being "rational" is
           | arguably easier when you're not influenced by the emotional
           | weight of images. Maybe we're even less predisposed to PTSD,
           | since we can't visually relive things in the same way. My
           | mind still races at night like anyone else's, but it's all
           | non-visual. Just endless inner monologue instead of a reel of
           | images. Couldn't count sheep if I tried!
        
       | dvsgaevsvsgavsv wrote:
       | Mental images are a distraction from what is here right now. Be
       | here now. Not be here yesterday or be here tomorrow..
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | I have no mind's eye, and neither does my wife. Neither of us
       | even realized people can actually see images in their head until
       | recently.
       | 
       | Our children appear to have a mind's eye though.
        
       | adt2bt wrote:
       | This has always been interesting for me, as I think I have
       | aphantasia but also can vividly experience _taste_ in the same
       | manner as if I 'm eating foods.
       | 
       | In other words, if I think about, say, spaghetti & meatballs, I
       | can feel the exact sensation of the taste of the spaghetti &
       | meatballs. I can even vary aspects of the dish without much
       | effort (e.g. adding dusted parmesan, basil, the pasta is
       | more/less al dente, etc). I use this all the time when cooking,
       | as I 'think with my tongue' and pre-taste what I think a dish
       | will taste like as I'm considering what ingredients to add or
       | different techniques to follow.
       | 
       | I think my experience with visualizing taste is what some people
       | can do in their minds eye with images & sounds, yet I can barely
       | visualize any images in my head when I close my eyes.
       | Frustrating, but gives me a bit of hope. In my younger years I
       | did not have this virtual food tasting ability, but I think I
       | slowly gained it by paying close attention to the experience of
       | eating food I made in order to improve my cooking ability.
       | 
       | I wonder if I can pay similar attention to the world around me
       | and develop image visualization abilities over time.
        
         | cookingmyserver wrote:
         | I am fascinated by the extent to which people can mentalize
         | their different senses. I can visualize most of my primary
         | senses. Sight would probably be my weakest one. I am definitely
         | not aphantasic, but the images seem much more ephemeral than
         | what other people experience. I can conjure up an image at will
         | but if I focus too much it will become fuzzier.
         | 
         | Fuzzy isn't even the best word to use though. It's not fuzzy
         | but lacking detail while at the same time my brain isn't
         | comprehending that it is lacking detail. It is almost as if my
         | brain can only focus on a few aspects of the picture at once
         | with the most striking characteristics being rendered while the
         | other parts are inferred or filled in with the most perfect
         | placeholder - something that perfectly represents the idea of
         | what is missing, but which it is not.
         | 
         | None of my other senses suffer from this. I can smell pumpkin
         | pie or treated lumber on command. I can conjure music in my
         | head all day (and often do without trying). I can metalize the
         | feeling of cold or warmth. I too can taste spaghetti and
         | meatballs. When I read that my mind immediately went to those
         | cheap pre-made meatballs in the frozen section, my teeth
         | cutting through those dense almost hard meatballs that are
         | somehow so bland yet over spiced.
         | 
         | I also wonder how much of our differences are often our
         | inability to communicate our experiences in a sufficient
         | manner.
        
       | mannanj wrote:
       | Flouride calcifying the pineal gland, the center of visualization
       | internally, doesn't help.
        
       | runekaagaard wrote:
       | Thats me to a tee. I also don't have a inner dialogue when
       | thinking through a problem:)
        
         | kgwxd wrote:
         | > I also don't have a inner dialogue...
         | 
         | I wonder if some people grow to develop an inner monologue, but
         | also immediately start developing an ability to silence it, to
         | the point they don't have to try.
         | 
         | Mine is basically always on, and it can be problematic.
        
       | neRok wrote:
       | Regarding "a propensity to hold grudges" and "easily move on,
       | forget, not hold grudges": I find this to be the case. I can
       | easily hold a grudge, because it's like the grudge is a post-it-
       | note stuck to the front of my book-of-knowledge. This means I can
       | readily recall the grudge, and that I can also easily
       | forget/move-on from the grudge (just remove the note).
       | 
       | Continuing with the post-it-note analogy, the note can only hold
       | a small amount of information, and so the grudge will be recorded
       | as something simple like "fuck ___, they're an arrogant twat". So
       | then the situation arises where you're talking to someone else
       | and they ask "what do you think about ___?"; and so you answer "I
       | can't stand them, they're so arrogant"; to which they respond "oh
       | really, how so?"; and you can't give an answer, because it wasn't
       | written on the note.
       | 
       | I think this ties in with memories not making you feel the
       | relevant emotions, because the emotion you felt was also just
       | saved as a "fact". I have found though that if I step through all
       | the facts of an "event" and consider each "moment" along the way,
       | that I can often generate the relevant emotion. So say I was
       | remembering an argument, I can remember various facts about the
       | argument and that I was angry about it, but I can't feel that
       | anger. But if I walk through the moments, like `they said this,
       | which made me think that, to which I rightly responded with...`,
       | then eventually I'll start to feel angry just like I would have.
       | 
       | For an analogy on how I think memories are stored differently:
       | then for non-aphantasiacs, I reckon their brain must save
       | `memory.zip`, which contains `video, audio, smells, emotions,
       | etc`. For a person like myself with aphantasia however, it's like
       | I asked ChatGPT for a summary of `memory.zip`, and then I only
       | saved the summary.
       | 
       | Saying that though, I do wonder about the connection between
       | "fact based memories" and aphantasia's lack of mental imagery.
       | Because if >50% of the usefulness of `memory.zip` is from the
       | video, but you can't "see" the video because you aphantasia --
       | then has your brain decided/learned to not bother saving
       | `memory.zip` and instead just save the summary, or are all
       | components of `memory.zip` also corrupt/unplayable?
        
         | neRok wrote:
         | Just to elaborate on the "fast-facts"/post-it-note point I
         | made: it seems there's actually a lot of "facts"
         | ("conclusions") stored in a readily available manor in my
         | brain. All the references/data that lead to these conclusions
         | are stored in some deeper "archive" section though, and aren't
         | readily available.
         | 
         | I guess you could compare them as if they are API's to
         | different LLM's, and my "consciousness" is the web-browser. So
         | it's like;                 - `fast_facts.llm` is a micro model
         | with good breadth and fast response times, but it has little
         | depth. So it's API can be fetch'd without worrying about it
         | blocking the main-thread/browser.         - `all_data.llm` is a
         | full size model, but it's slow to respond, and "costs" more to
         | run. So in the browser, it is only lazily-loaded (ie, not
         | always used), and it has to be called async style because you
         | have to wait for the results to slowly "stream in".
         | 
         | And stream they do, because back to my example conversation
         | where someone asks "how are they arrogant?" -- whilst I likely
         | wouldn't immediately remember any examples (unless they
         | happened very recently), at that point the request to
         | `all_data.llm` would have been sent, and so after some umm's
         | and ahh's, I might have an answer. Or I might just say "I can't
         | remember off the top of my head, but also ..." start talking
         | about something else, and then after 30 seconds I will drop the
         | classic "but actually, i just remembered, ...".
        
       | yeellow wrote:
       | From my recent experience I believe you can train your mental
       | vision, at least to some extent. I play chess and the ability to
       | imagine a position and moves in your head is quite common among
       | chess players, but I was always struggling with it. I could not
       | see the board clearly in my mind and when I was doing exercises
       | on telling the color of a given square I was checking coordinates
       | parity, as I could not see it in my mind. Only recently I tried
       | to train chess vision starting with 3x3 board, than extending to
       | 4x4 and finally glueing 8x8 with 4 4x4 boards. To my surprise
       | after a while I started seeing the board more clearly and I could
       | memorize some simple positions. I've noticed that my general
       | mental vision improved significantly at the same time. If you
       | don't play chess you can start with playing tic tac toe in your
       | head, focusing on seeing the board and marks. I think such
       | exercise is better than imaging an apple, because you can
       | objectively check if what you see is correct. Any board game
       | would do, but start with a small board, and extend only when you
       | feel comfortable. Imagining horse moves on a 4x4 board, focusing
       | on seeing square colors helped me a lot.
        
       | khazhoux wrote:
       | Something not usually discussed is the different kinds of
       | internal sensing:
       | 
       | - Seeing images (what we usually talk about). Can you see your
       | loved ones' faces in your mind's eye? Can you picture an
       | elephant? Can you hold an image still or is it an ever-shifting
       | scramble?
       | 
       | - Seeing _color_. In your mind's eye, can you conjure up just the
       | colors green, red, yellow...? No shape or imagery needed, but
       | only the plain color. To my surprise and delight I discovered I
       | can visualize colors without being able to see any actual image.
       | 
       | - Seeing _movement_. Independent of actual imagery, can you
       | visualize _pure motion_. Again to my surprise, I can visualize
       | movement without any associated imagery. Like, I can imagine a
       | runner on a treadmill and clearly see the _motion_ of the arms
       | and legs going back and forth -- but I don't actually see the
       | arms and legs at all. I'm seeing only the first derivative of an
       | image, like a Schlieren image.
       | 
       | - Hearing music in your head. Can you pick out the different
       | instruments? Can you anticipate the guitar stab in the 2nd verse.
       | Can you hear the harmonica in Karma Chameleon even though you've
       | only ever listened to that song a couple of times, and probably
       | not in over 20 years?
       | 
       | - (might be same as above) Can you hear people's voices? Can you
       | randomly conjure up your parents or Obama or Tina Fey counting to
       | ten?
       | 
       | Any others I've missed?
        
       | tolerance wrote:
       | Some people have more vivid imaginations than others and a vivid
       | imagination entails more than just noodling and doodling well.
       | Evidently.
       | 
       | People vary in their capacity to reason with things. People who
       | "see" things with their eyes closed probably don't believe that
       | they are physically seeing them (i.e., with their actual
       | eyeballs). People who can't...probably can; they just expect to
       | actually see what it is that they're thinking about.
       | 
       | This is a sensitive subject. At its core it beckons forth for
       | questions of spiritual import.
       | 
       | Is society fit to address something as abstract as this problem
       | in an age where "Chatbot psychosis" is becoming a thing?
        
         | skinkestek wrote:
         | I'm a bit tired of people trying to explain it away.
         | 
         | I'm affected by it, and I know it isn't like you describe
         | because I have experienced and sometimes still experience
         | seeing actual images with my eyes closed but most of the time
         | it is absolutely impossible.
         | 
         | There's also IIRC the fact that the reason someone started
         | researching this topic was because a person who had very clear
         | visual imagery with closed eyes lost it after surgery and his
         | description got this thing started.
        
       | mackeye wrote:
       | i can visualize only faint wireframes and blobs, if that makes
       | sense. the closest analog is, my internal monologue can speak, as
       | if i were to physically speak, but i cannot "hear" it with my
       | ears. i can visualize "where" each part of a composite scene
       | should go (e.g., my laptop on a table, with a whiteboard in front
       | of me, and a window to my left), and rotate a representation of
       | the scene, but there is no visual component aside from a very
       | plain outline, if i concentrate.
       | 
       | speaking to people who claim to be able to visualize colorful
       | scenes in 3d, with sound, etc., and truly see the scene before
       | them --- there is probably _some_ variance. i wouldn't say it
       | affects my cognition, but how could i really know? i've never
       | asked my friends, but i imagine the percentage of people who use
       | 3d visualization to reason, e.g., complex math, is small, given
       | the number of people i've seen use the right-hand rule on exams
       | :) (especially given aphantasia is supposedly quite rare).
       | 
       | i attended a talk recently on experience with organic chemistry
       | pedagogy at a university for deaf students. few requisite terms
       | are defined in american sign language, so the professor formed a
       | committee to create 400 or so signs. "tetrahedral" uses four
       | fingers in a tetrahedral formation, "chiral" moves one hand about
       | the other to simulate a mirror, etc. education of stereochemistry
       | wasn't necessarily heavy on visualization, as you can draw the
       | molecule and reason about it without conceptualization in 3d, but
       | i caught that i'd often look at clocks for R/S rotation problems
       | (where clockwise-counterclockwise in 3d was relevant).
        
       | pitdicker wrote:
       | There is an interesting reddit community 'CureAphantasia' with
       | resources to develop your ability to visualize mental images.
       | Together there are ca. 25 posts that offer a complete guide that
       | might as well have been a book.
       | 
       | This seems like a good start:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/CureAphantasia/comments/xgtyd3/trad...
        
       | aaroninsf wrote:
       | Based on comments here I guess in addition to having no internal
       | monolog, I also have no "mental images."
       | 
       | I can _imagine_ how a specific voice sounds, or singing, etc.;
       | and I can summon a vague visual impression of something,
       | 
       | But ITT people are describing a level of detail I can't
       | comprehend. I have no images I can "study" and I can't solve
       | visual puzzles in my head. I can't rotate arbitrary objects and
       | tell you the shape of their outline.
       | 
       | I guess some of you can do this? Jealous AF.
        
       | Matterless wrote:
       | I don't know why I'm surprised every time to see so many people
       | astounded in the comments every time another of these articles
       | come out. I guess I thought by now this phenomenon would be more
       | common knowledge... I'm a non-seer and a non-self speaker. That
       | is, I do not have any clear monologue whatsoever, nor can I
       | visualize anything at all. However, I have a pretty great memory,
       | just not for the experience of things, but instead only the
       | circumstances, the trivia, the conclusions, and all of those can
       | be very granular.
       | 
       | Words exist for me in the space beyond my lips, or my fingertips;
       | what that feels like, in the moment, is that it is the act of
       | externalization of words which makes them come into being, but
       | not for a moment are they ever out of my control.
       | 
       | I can't remember the sound of my mother's voice. Not really. Of
       | course if I heard it in a recording it would be as recognizable
       | as any voice, and in fact when I watch animated shows, like
       | classic King of the Hill for example, I'm extremely good at
       | picking out all the celebrity voices and I'm often surprised that
       | I can identify a voice I didn't know that I knew.
       | 
       | I used to have an internal monologue. I used to be able to
       | picture things. That all went away in my teens. Not only can I
       | somewhat remember what that was like, I'm able to experience
       | vivid internal pictures and internal sounds sometimes in the
       | moments just before I'm fully asleep. It doesn't happen very
       | frequently, but it's enjoyable when it does.
       | 
       | And that's it. If you have any questions for thisaphantasic non-
       | self-speaker, have at it.
        
         | vanadium1st wrote:
         | When you're standing in front of a mirror, can you ask yourself
         | a question and then answer it without saying anything out loud?
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | I am also aphantasic and have no internal monologue. I never
         | had them as far as I know. When I heard that kids could have
         | "imaginary friends" I thought it sounded totally absurd. I
         | equated it with my schizophrenic relative who hallucinates and
         | suffers delusions.
         | 
         | Unlike you, I have a little bit of aural memory and recall. It
         | is faint and abstract compared to real hearing, but not nearly
         | as abstract as for imagery, which is basically not there except
         | for some spatial or topological feeling.
         | 
         | I'm also pretty good at recognizing voices, faces, gaits, and
         | such. I also often have a feeling best expressed as, "doesn't
         | this person resemble that person except for X", like I can feel
         | a subset of recognition features are present or there is
         | something contradictory about it. I don't think recognition
         | entails "envisioning and comparing". It is a much more direct
         | triggering on the recognizable features.
         | 
         | I remember the horror I experienced as a little kid, when I
         | mis-recognized my mom in a store. I was so small I was looking
         | at legs and hands and the torso disappears up into perspective.
         | I went right up to her and grabbed her and then looked up. The
         | feeling of "knowing" my mom was there evaporating and being
         | replaced with the understanding that I just grabbed a stranger
         | was a very disturbing perspective shift.
        
       | jibbit wrote:
       | If you could see a photographic-quality image in your mind, you
       | could answer questions about it the way you'd answer questions
       | about a photograph in front of you. 'what's written on the sign?'
       | 'how many windows?' That's photographic memory. Since that's not
       | real, the 'normal visualization' everyone's comparing themselves
       | to doesn't exist either. Yet we keep treating as credible people
       | who assert what others experience based on not experiencing it
       | themselves. This is epistemically bankrupt.
        
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