[HN Gopher] How the brain's activity, energy use and blood flow ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How the brain's activity, energy use and blood flow change as
       people fall asleep
        
       Author : XzetaU8
       Score  : 148 points
       Date   : 2025-10-25 05:30 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.massgeneralbrigham.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.massgeneralbrigham.org)
        
       | jansan wrote:
       | Only slightly related, but I often try to find ways to fall
       | asleep faster. One thing that seems to work in some situations is
       | trying to imagine a void (like a white or gray plane) for a
       | while. However, often enough this does not work and I wonder if
       | anyone knows of tricks that work for her/him (without using
       | Melantonin or other drugs).
        
         | cube2222 wrote:
         | Box breathing (2 secs in, 2 secs hold, 2 secs out, 2 secs hold)
         | or meditation both usually help if I can't fall asleep.
         | Physical exercise during the day also helps.
        
           | skydowx wrote:
           | For me, holding my breath for as long as I can and then
           | releasing it also helps.
        
         | Pawamoy wrote:
         | A friend shared his technique with me, and after adapting it to
         | my needs, it works well. None of the other commonly mentioned
         | techniques ever worked for me, because they ask for focus,
         | which is the opposite of what my brain needs to fall asleep.
         | 
         | Here's his technique: pick a letter of the alphabet, and find
         | as much words that start with this letter as you can. Once you
         | can't find words anymore, pick the next letter. Doesn't work
         | for me, my brain won't ever stop.
         | 
         | I noticed I have to visualize stuff in my head to fall asleep
         | so my adaptation is to pick a single letter and a single word,
         | and visualize it in my head, using it, manipulating it,
         | experiencing it, whatever. For example: letter P, word
         | Pineapple, imagine you're holding a pineapple, you feel the
         | roughness of it's skin in your hands, you throw it in the air
         | and catch it again, you take a knife and slice it on a wooden
         | table on the beach, etc.. The dream kicks in seconds. Without
         | external interruptions, after a few minutes I'm asleep (instead
         | of rummaging for hours).
         | 
         | If you notice you're stuck in a loop/pattern (for me anything
         | about text, like reading or writing, and voice, like listening
         | and speaking, or stressful scenarios), just pick a new letter,
         | pick a new word, visualize it.
        
           | MarcelOlsz wrote:
           | I live at a 36-hours-at-a-time rhythm and it's absolutely
           | brutal seeing as its 5:30am and I should have been in bed a
           | long time ago. Going to give this a go and report back. I did
           | the lucid dream thing for awhile but holding a heavy object
           | in my hand and then dropping it got quite annoying (to train
           | yourself to be more aware of when you enter a hypnagogic
           | state).
        
             | dev_hugepages wrote:
             | Non 24h sleep syndrome or something else?
        
               | MarcelOlsz wrote:
               | Yes. I have no off switch.
        
           | xenocratus wrote:
           | I do something similar. If I'm not anxious but awake, I try
           | to just visualise random stuff, random worlds. Somehow my
           | brain is decent at that and I slowly drift off, though I
           | sometimes get a jolt from reality. Recently I found that when
           | I'm anxious it's better to try and imagine doing a hobby. I
           | just imagine myself trail running. Reduces anxiety, pushes me
           | towards sleep.
        
           | OnACoffeeBreak wrote:
           | I pick a category, like fruits and vegetables or cars, and
           | then try to come up with a word in that category that starts
           | with every letter of the alphabet in order. To keep it
           | relaxing I synchronize it with my breath. On the breath in, I
           | note the letter I am on: "C" for example. On the breath out I
           | note the word: "Cantaloupe". If I don't have a word for that
           | letter by the time I breath out, no big deal, I conceptualize
           | whatever was in my mind at that point and then repeat the
           | letter on the next breath in.
           | 
           | Another thing I do that works well for me is just counting
           | breaths. On the breath in I think "in-n-n-n-n" and on the
           | breath out I count. When I lose count, and I am still awake,
           | I start again from 0, as any sane programmer would ;-).
           | 
           | ETA: For a couple of months I have been doing a short
           | gratitude routine as I am getting into bed. I acknowledge the
           | good and positive things that happened during the day, and I
           | tell myself that I did a good job (if I did) or that I did as
           | well as I could today and that's good enough for today. Then
           | I think, "And now it's time for rest. I've been looking
           | forward to this." If any part of me starts thinking about the
           | day again or thinks about tomorrow, I gently reassure it that
           | I will attend to all of this tomorrow morning and that now
           | it's quiet time and time to rest.
           | 
           | All of this plus 250 mg of magnesium an hour before bed has
           | made falling asleep super consistent and easy.
        
         | goopypoop wrote:
         | all I can offer you is an intrusive thought with a song:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v64-DpcLEvI
        
         | paulj5 wrote:
         | There are a lot of imaging and thought techniques you can use,
         | eg imagine sittimg beside a small stream, while the water
         | guegles by, watch the leaves and sticks flowing past. or
         | imagine events im yoir life floating by, or imagine being a
         | duck floating by, swimming, or flying, etc. There are also body
         | relaxation techniques ( zen , meditation, etc ) There are many
         | many techniques available.
        
         | gjadi wrote:
         | There are several things I use:
         | 
         | - think of past enjoyable moments (for me it's hiking, I
         | usually don't go very far until I fall to sleep)
         | 
         | - box breathing
         | 
         | - hold breath for N sec then release, then N+10, then ...
         | 
         | - try to relax your body from top to bottom (forehead, eyes,
         | cheeks, mouth, ...)
         | 
         | - imagine your body is very light, like your floating in the
         | air
         | 
         | - imagine your body is very heavy, like a block of concrete
         | sinking into your bed
         | 
         | - pick TAOCP and try to solve the exercises ;)
        
         | IsTom wrote:
         | What works for me is to pretend that I'm asleep. And it's good
         | to be able to recognize the first phase of sleep - it's that
         | state that you think that if somebody asked if you're asleep
         | you'd think to yourself "no, I'm not", but have an excuse of "I
         | don't feel like actually talking".
        
         | igleria wrote:
         | sometimes what works for me is literally inventing a movie in
         | my mind. Then the awake part take the backseat...
        
         | AstroNutt wrote:
         | Yeah, melatonin makes me feel like crap after a few days of use
         | and it's hit or miss.
         | 
         | One thing I've done for years is focus on breathing. Get in a
         | comfortable position and totally relax your body. Slowly take a
         | deep breath. Then exhale until you can't no more. Repeat this
         | 10 or 15 times.
         | 
         | For whatever reason, this works for me probably 75% of the
         | time. The other 25%, forget it.
         | 
         | On a side note, I'm sure most of us here can relate to this
         | song. https://youtu.be/vaG4vGsIFMQ
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | Have you tried smaller doses of melatonin? Can be hard to do
           | as the smallest dosage I usually see at stores is still much
           | higher than what I've found to be my max dose
        
             | ckdarby wrote:
             | Was going to reply the same thing.
             | 
             | I buy 1 mg tablets and even that is too much for me. I use
             | a razor blade to cut them into 1/6th pieces.
             | 
             | Takes less than 30 minutes to kick in.
             | 
             | A lot of other comments here about poor sleep I believe are
             | the result of drinking caffeinated products past 1 PM.
        
         | Propelloni wrote:
         | What works best for me is to take a book, on paper, preferably
         | on a boring topic (depends on you, obviously) and just start
         | reading. Usually my eyes drop in a matter of minutes. Once I
         | wake up, startled by the book falling over, I kill the lights
         | and go to sleep. Works every time, any time.
         | 
         | If I lie in bed and just think stuff, it takes much longer.
        
           | nervousvarun wrote:
           | Seconding this...also works well when I wake up in the middle
           | of the night to get back to sleep which unfortunately seems
           | to happen more and more every year.
        
           | schuyler2d wrote:
           | I do this with audiobooks/podcasts and then can start with
           | the lights off and lying down. (important part I find is
           | making sure the dynamics are low -- no high-volume ads or
           | flashy punctuated sound effects)
           | 
           | Not sure if any other buds work like this but the Bose
           | QuietComfort Earbuds seem to auto-pause based on some kind of
           | fitbit/sleep indicator which help even more with staying
           | asleep.
        
         | rndmio wrote:
         | Sounds trite but my surefire method is to stop thinking. I
         | literally lie down, close my eyes, and stop thinking. Sleep
         | comes quickly.
        
           | jghn wrote:
           | My mom always told me to do this as a child. I've never
           | understood this nor any other visualization technique. I have
           | never found this to be possible. At best I actively think
           | about not thinking which is counterproductive but even then
           | within about 10 seconds my mind has already wandered. And if
           | I'm not actively trying I'll always have some other thoughts
           | popping in no matter what
        
             | vlod wrote:
             | Something that works for me is count from 10 to 1 slowly.
             | Concentrate getting to 1. If another thought enters, start
             | the count again. Repeat. This is like counting the
             | proverbial sheep.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | That's in the same category of techniques that will only
               | work for a very brief time for me. At some point I
               | realize I have background thoughts, and then those take
               | over.
        
               | vlod wrote:
               | This happens to me as well, but when I become aware of
               | other non welcome thoughts, I just start counting again.
               | /shrug
        
             | rndmio wrote:
             | It might be because it wasn't a technique as such. I don't
             | visualise not thinking, I just stop thinking about things,
             | but I also don't have a constant inner voice talking
             | to/with me as I understand many people do.
        
               | jghn wrote:
               | " I just stop thinking about things" is the part that I
               | can't comprehend. I've never been able to do this. If I
               | try, I immediately start thinking about things w/o
               | intending to do so.
        
         | oldestofsports wrote:
         | I have had sleep issues my whole life, but what works for me
         | is: - Get up same time every day - Moderate excersize every
         | other day - Stable diet, homecooked healthy food and no
         | soda/beer/candy whatsoever. - Dim the lights after dinner - No
         | screens after 8pm (e-ink screens are allowed), no podcasts, no
         | digital content consuming. - Actively aim to be bored everyday
         | - Read a good book before bedtime
         | 
         | May sound like a lot, but I sleep now.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | >No screens after 8pm (e-ink screens are allowed), no
           | podcasts, no digital content consuming.
           | 
           | Who needs the exception of e-ink screens are OK?
        
             | oldestofsports wrote:
             | To read books?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _trying to imagine a void (like a white or gray plane) for a
         | while_
         | 
         | Huh, mine is a plane in level flight. (From outside.)
         | Preferably smaller. Depending on my mood it's retro or like a
         | fighter jet.
        
         | tacone wrote:
         | On a side note, a good way to check your progress towards
         | falling asleep is looking through your closed eyelids. The more
         | movement (points, lights) you see, the more you're actually
         | close to falling asleep.
        
         | CrimsonCape wrote:
         | I have a routine and the crazy part is that it is 100%
         | effective, in that I can be restless, consciously start the
         | routine, and 100% of the time I fall asleep. It is the oddest
         | feeling to begin the routine, which requires conscious mental
         | effort, and suddenly you can't remember anything because you
         | fell asleep. I can only ever recall doing it at times when my
         | mind is racing, so I can't say how well it works when calm as I
         | forget to do the routine when calm.
         | 
         | The routine is basically a game to see if you can "flow"
         | between mental images by envisioning scenes in your mind and
         | then allowing some object in the scene to "pull" you into a
         | different scene. For example, envision the power cable of your
         | lamp, you fly along the power cable up to the light bulb, and
         | then you envision the bulb glass exploding into a million
         | pieces, which becomes snow falling on a ski lodge, you see the
         | warm glow of fire in the fireplace, and a fireball blasts out
         | the chimney into the sky, somehow becomes a perfect flaming
         | sphere, that becomes a meatball and falls into a plate of
         | spaghetti, you are eating it down, you see yourself at a ratty
         | diner table, under the table you see your shoes, and then your
         | shoes are running through rain puddles, you zoom into a single
         | droplet which is actually a massive aquarium tank, fish are
         | swimming in it except we are in the ocean, not a tank, and the
         | fish is so colorful but those colors are actually an explosion
         | of rainbow paint colors dripping down an apartment wall, etc.
         | etc.
         | 
         | It might sound ridiculous when written in words, but that is
         | the gist of it. The game is to lay there and consciously morph
         | and fly between mental images, letting your mind conjure
         | imagery that comes next.
         | 
         | It's crazy because I start doing this with a conscious struggle
         | to envision the next chain-of-events but suddenly my brain
         | catches on and starts unconsciously playing the game and images
         | just kinda flow and BAM asleep.
        
       | shevy-java wrote:
       | If that damn beast would ever fall asleep!
       | 
       | Still listening to "Insomnia" from Faithless.
        
         | hshdhdhehd wrote:
         | Tearing off tights with my teeth
        
       | submeta wrote:
       | Tangential: Have had sleep disorders my whole life. Until I read
       | an article here about melatonin (an article that was about
       | substances that have an effect on longevity). So I started taking
       | melatonin every night, 0.5mg. I must say: Never had this kind of
       | deep sleep. Over such a long period of weeks (since I started
       | taking it). My Garmin watch has a sleep tracker. And it confirms
       | that I get way more deep sleep.
        
         | v7engine wrote:
         | I am considering taking melatonin supplements. Could you
         | recommend any? I wake up several times in the night.
        
           | submeta wrote:
           | I am in Germany, so I cannot recommend any. Just one without
           | any supplements, just melatonin.
        
             | plumeria wrote:
             | I wish dm stores were available internationally
        
           | warp wrote:
           | My understanding is that melatonin helps you fall asleep, but
           | doesn't help you stay asleep.
           | 
           | In general, I have no trouble falling asleep, but I typically
           | wake up once or twice at night and am usually unable to sleep
           | more than 5.5 hours. I've tried 3mg Melatonin tablets in
           | Ecuador, and I've tried a couple of different brands of 10mg
           | time-release Melatonin gummies from the US. None of them had
           | any noticeable effect on me.
           | 
           | The only thing that has worked so far, is physical activity.
           | We just moved to Europe, and the first two weeks was a lot of
           | buying and building furniture, slept great those two weeks.
           | Now that I'm back to my normal office worker life, my sleep
           | has also gone back to not being great.
           | 
           | (I track my sleep using the AutoSleep app on iOS, wearing an
           | Apple Watch at night)
        
             | dpeckett wrote:
             | Melatonin has a short half life (~1h), that's why melatonin
             | receptor agonists [1] are a thing. So just mechanistically
             | it's unlikely to help with sleep maintenance.
             | 
             | Do you wake up after 5.5h at a consistent time of the day
             | and the first half of the night is peaceful? If you fall
             | back asleep do you then wake again shortly after?
             | 
             | I mean waking in the night can be many things (apnea, etc),
             | but you could very well have a rather advanced sleep phase.
             | 
             | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_receptor_agonist
        
           | ssttoo wrote:
           | I recently started exploring supplements. Turns out a lot of
           | what you find in the likes of CVS and Whole Foods can be all
           | over the map: from 0 of the actual ingredient to 10x what's
           | on the label. Current consensus on reputable brands seems to
           | be Thorne, NOW, Life extensions, and Pure. The last one
           | acquired by Nestle, make of that what you will.
        
         | tmountain wrote:
         | My understanding has always been that you habituate to
         | melatonin after a few days. Is this not true?
        
           | submeta wrote:
           | Not in my case. Never had this sleep quality. But maybe it's
           | placebo after a few weeks? :)
        
             | nervousvarun wrote:
             | FYI it's unlikely you will eventually develop a tolerance,
             | but it's important to not increase dosage:
             | https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-
             | mi...
        
               | amaccuish wrote:
               | The linked article doesn't mention tolerance at all? I
               | don't believe there is any evidence out there to suggest
               | that melatonin tolerance is a thing.
        
               | nervousvarun wrote:
               | You're right! Edited the post...thanks for pointing this
               | out was actually a mistake on my part the article was
               | about incorrect dosage which was the point I wanted to
               | make.
        
               | amaccuish wrote:
               | Ahh then yes that's a super valid point. I've seen shops
               | sell 10mg per tablet. 0.5mg already does the trick for
               | me.
        
           | amaccuish wrote:
           | I don't believe there is any evidence that you develop a
           | tolerance. As a side note, Melatonin changed my life.
        
           | MobileVet wrote:
           | Melatonin does have the potential for augmentation, but it
           | isn't a certainty or even the majority of people.
           | 
           | Oddly, the result isn't a loss of initial efficacy but
           | instead a 'wide awake at 3am' situation.
        
           | rybosworld wrote:
           | The body will develop a tolerance (or the reverse, a
           | sensitization reaction) to just about any substance that's
           | taken regularly due to homeostasis. However, so long as
           | you're taking a dose that nudges some physiologic signal/need
           | in the right direction, your body's response to the substance
           | will be minimal.
           | 
           | I'd be surprised if you can find anything this isn't true
           | for.
           | 
           | A lack of studies on what the tolerance looks like for a
           | particular substance does not imply that tolerance does not
           | form.
           | 
           | In the case of melatonin: It's almost universally true that
           | your sleep quality is worse than it was before once you stop
           | taking it (for a few days at least). That's an indication
           | that your body's equilibrium has changed from habitual use.
        
         | elric wrote:
         | Two things:
         | 
         | 1. Too much deep sleep might not be desirable.
         | 
         | 2. Sleep staging by activity trackers is generally pretty
         | inaccurate. Garmin is no exception.
        
           | fasteo wrote:
           | Could you please elaborate on 1. ?
        
             | elric wrote:
             | Different processes happen during different sleep stages.
             | Typically people go from light sleep to deeper sleep stages
             | (slow wave), to REM in a cyclical pattern. We go through
             | each of the stages roughly every 90 minutes of "quality
             | sleep". There's usually more deep sleep at the start of the
             | night, and more REM towards the end of the night.
             | 
             | If you end up with too much deep sleep (e.g. after being
             | very physically exhausted for a while), you will have
             | little or no REM sleep and your sleep quality will suffer.
             | 
             | It's not just "too much deep sleep" that could fuck things
             | up, being woken up multiple times can also mess up your
             | sleep cycle, whether it's by crying children or sleep
             | apnea.
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | Personally, I am very alert throughout the day if I sleep
             | between 6-7 hours. Past the 7 hours threshold I am get into
             | a worse headspace (brainfog) throughout the day
             | proportionally to the amount of extera sleep.
        
               | ycombinete wrote:
               | Sleeping for longer than 8 hours frequently gives me
               | hypnic headaches and terrible migraines.
               | 
               | I recently had a baby and the lack of sleep has reduced
               | my headache frequency dramatically!
        
       | webnrrd2k wrote:
       | Taking melatonin has been mentioned several times in different
       | threads here, and I just wanted to add my experience...
       | 
       | I find that taking the _minimal_ amount make a big difference
       | here, and it 's about 3 micro-grams (not milli-grams) for me. The
       | trick is to get some liquid melatonin drops. There is a brand
       | that has 3 milligrams per 30 drops as a recommended dosage, so I
       | just take 3 or so drops and let them dissolve on my tongue. Using
       | liquid drops this way, there is less of a sleep hangover, and It
       | workes faster that way, too.
       | 
       | I think I read about 3 micrograms as more appropriate for most
       | people on lesswrong, but it might have been somewhere else. It's
       | working really well for me, with frequent breaks from it, for
       | five or more years.
        
         | jonahrd wrote:
         | That would be 300 micrograms
        
         | mallomarmeasle wrote:
         | As pointed out above me, 250-300 micrograms is what you likely
         | meant. You might have to hunt for such low doses. I split a 1
         | mg tab in quarters. Repeated studies have shown that there is
         | not an increase in efficacy, but there is an increase in
         | adverse effects when doses are higher. See
         | https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/07/10/melatonin-much-more-th...
        
           | wahnfrieden wrote:
           | Products exist in US and recently Canada too
        
         | hypeatei wrote:
         | What time do you take them? An hour before going to sleep or
         | right before?
        
           | AngryData wrote:
           | Not the same guy but, when I took them it was as I was laying
           | down to try to sleep, so maybe 10 minutes before I was
           | actually asleep.
           | 
           | In my experience you don't want to take them and not try to
           | go to sleep right afterwards or you can ruin the effect, and
           | trying to take more trying to sleep afterwards merely results
           | in addiction and needing it to sleep at all.
           | 
           | I can also confirm you want a very low dosage. Higher dosages
           | didn't help at all, just merely built tolerance to it. The
           | ones I got were 3-5mg and I broke them up into tiny little
           | pieces and took partial mgs at most. You want to nudge
           | yourself towards sleep with it, not try to drug yourself with
           | it.
        
         | buzzardbait wrote:
         | You emphasized the word "minimal" but it cannot be emphasized
         | enough. I think melatonin is one of those things that quickly
         | backfires if you take too much.
        
           | Arrath wrote:
           | I can confirm that anecdotally, taking those big 10mg pills
           | did help me get to sleep, but also gave me some of the most
           | fucked up dreams I've ever had the mispleasure of
           | experiencing.
        
         | geretnal wrote:
         | Just make sure you're getting it as medicine and not
         | supplement, taking it for for my insomia!
        
         | J_Shelby_J wrote:
         | Half milligram pills are available online. Wish Costco sold
         | them.
        
       | dpeckett wrote:
       | I'm pretty sure at this point I have familial advanced sleep
       | phase syndrome of an unknown genetic etiology [1].
       | 
       | Wake up stupid early in the morning, get drowsy very early in the
       | evenings etc. For a long time due to social pressure/habit I'd
       | just power through the evening drowsiness. That lead to me only
       | being able to sleep six hours or so (due to waking up stupid
       | early), which over time lead to a substantial sleep debt.
       | 
       | Going to bed early helps a lot, but over time it seems like I
       | easily start drifting earlier and earlier. I've recently had some
       | success stabilizing my rhythm using sublingual melatonin when I
       | first waken at 2-3am. Let's me get a couple extra hours of
       | additional quality sleep which is a lifesaver. Wears off quick
       | enough that by 9am or so it's basically out of my system.
       | 
       | I've actually been tinkering/hacking the last year or so on sleep
       | tracking wearables. Initially focused on EEG/HRV monitoring but
       | I'm taking a very modular approach and ultimately want to build a
       | full set of sensors/effectors/etc.
       | 
       | I've recently been experimenting a lot with skin temperature
       | gradients, turns out in the lead up to sleep it's not just blood
       | flow in the brain that is altered [2].
       | 
       | 1.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder#...
       | 
       | 2.
       | https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpregu.2000...
        
         | soulofmischief wrote:
         | You might know this, but sleep debt doesn't just keep piling
         | on. Eventually, and rather quickly, you may begin to experience
         | permanent brain damage after a few nights of sleep deprivation.
         | 
         | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STR.0000000000000453
         | 
         | From one insomniac to another... In the past I've been lucky if
         | I get 3 hours _total_ of sleep in a night due to physical pain
         | disorders. I have deep trouble getting into NREM. I lucid dream
         | often and my brain is active even when I 'm supposed to be
         | sleeping. In my dreams, I have to be careful not to be too
         | energetic or overstimulated, or I will wake up.
         | 
         | I've had insomnia and night terrors since before I was
         | regularly forming memories. An abusive childhood intensified
         | that. I'm in my early 30s now and the damage is clear, both
         | physically and to my life in general.
         | 
         | As much as I fear them, sleeping medication seems like the only
         | way to save myself from early onset dementia or not
         | accomplishing certain goals due to a perpetually low energy
         | budget. It also has prevented me from losing weight. Sleep
         | studies have shown that people who get frequently woken up
         | while sleeping can burn around 50% less fat.. In my case,
         | that's my entire calorie deficit which means in order to lose
         | weight I have to basically starve myself. Melatonin, etc. have
         | never worked for me.
         | 
         | All this to say... Don't wait for the damage to build up even
         | more. Sleeping medication might change your life. I'm hoping it
         | restores mine.
        
           | cedws wrote:
           | When you say "sleep medication" what do you mean
           | specifically? AFAIK melatonin is safe but diphenhydramine
           | overuse is linked to dementia.
        
             | soulofmischief wrote:
             | I'm still exploring my options, open to suggestions.
             | Medications like zolpidem and diphenhydramine are
             | definitely off the table.
        
           | dpeckett wrote:
           | Absolutely, loss of deep sleep is associated with a ton of
           | aging related cognitive decline. There's a number of startups
           | experimenting with techniques to enhance deep sleep in the
           | elderly atm (timed audio clicks, electrical stimulation etc).
           | 
           | There's not a lot of evidence that most common sleep
           | medications are associated with long term improvements in
           | health outcomes. Most have substantial detrimental effects on
           | sleep architecture, can exacerbate underlying issues like
           | apnea etc. Interesting the gabapentanoids (chronic pain) and
           | Xyrem (narcolepsy) are associated with increased slow wave
           | sleep. More research is needed (eg the DORA drugs [1]).
           | 
           | Thankfully circadian issues (in the absence of sleep loss)
           | aren't associated with negative health outcomes. Just a case
           | of finding a way to modify ones life to accommodate them.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin_antagonist
        
       | thunderbong wrote:
       | Melatonin has helped, of course. But a few other steps I had read
       | on a Reddit thread [0] also helped me - specifically the point
       | about relaxing facial muscles. For some reason, doing this also
       | seems to calm the mind and reduce random thoughts.
       | 
       | [0]:
       | https://old.reddit.com/r/sleep/comments/1bn2emp/how_do_yall_...
        
         | Noumenon72 wrote:
         | It is crazy how you can relax your face 4-5 times in a row
         | getting less tense each time, and how well this method works to
         | get you to sleep, especially after it has worked for a while so
         | your body associates the relaxing with sleeping.
        
         | buzzardbait wrote:
         | I find that Yoga Nidra helps a lot. It relaxes all your muscles
         | and also has nothing to do with "yoga".
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | 23 healthy adults ... who were able to fall asleep inside an MRI
       | with EEG leads stuck to their heads. That's not an easy feat!
        
       | buzzardbait wrote:
       | I wonder how much of sleep research is affected by the difference
       | in sleep quality between your own bed and a lab. Even if you're
       | on vacation and the hotel bed is of exceptional quality, your
       | brain knows that it's in a different environment and would
       | naturally be on partial alert, at least for the first couple of
       | nights.
       | 
       | Now imagine sleeping in a lab setting, knowing that your sleep
       | data is being measured. Intellectually you know that you're not
       | at any risk but there must be some difference in the architecture
       | of your sleep.
        
       | sys32768 wrote:
       | I started intermittent fasting and my sleep improved remarkably
       | when I stopped eating calories after 3PM. Last night it shows I
       | was awake for 16 minutes but in the morning my dream memories
       | seem to be vast.
       | 
       | My mother got Alzheimer's in her early 60s and was always a super
       | light sleeper despite a healthy and happy lifestyle. I suspect
       | her brain's glymphatic system wasn't kicking in often enough to
       | clean her brain.
        
       | tartoran wrote:
       | During my 20s I developed a severe insomnia, probably due to not
       | knowing how to handle stress. It was so bad that I had to go to
       | the ER because I haven't had any sleep in days and didn't know
       | what else to do. They gave me ambien and it helped at the time,
       | but I knew that it was not something to take long term. I then
       | started to experiment with various methods to help me fall asleep
       | and sleep hygene such as hot/cold showers, warm baths, relaxing
       | exercises and meditation, lowering the room temperature, removing
       | sources of light (especially those blue LEDs). In my 40s now and
       | am happy to report that I no longer have any insomniac episodes
       | and I rarely have a hard time falling asleep. Out of all the
       | techniques I found that forcefully yawning for a couple of
       | minutes is the most efficent way for me to induce sleep.
        
         | maksimur wrote:
         | Would be interesting to know why yawning induces sleep at all.
        
           | neetle wrote:
           | My psych pointed out that yawning is a tension release
           | mechanism, so it's likely just punting a bunch of cortisol
           | from your nervous system
        
             | mirekrusin wrote:
             | I use forced yawning to wet my eyes when they become dry,
             | works better than any drops.
        
       | pedalpete wrote:
       | Interesting study, but it mostly reinforces what we already know
       | about sleep mechanics.
       | 
       | Of particular importance is how sensory regions remain
       | metabolically active while higher-order regions downshift during
       | NREM sleep. That suggests the benefit of sleep depends less on
       | how long we sleep and more on the specific activation and de-
       | activation of networks during sleep.
       | 
       | I work in neurotech/sleeptech as the founder of
       | https://affectablesleep.com. Our stimulation triggers sensory
       | pathways during sleep to enhance the brain's restorative function
       | without changing sleep time.
       | 
       | This systematic review [1] covers non-invasive approaches to
       | enhancing slow-wave activity in sleep and outlines their
       | physiology and effects. This focused paper [2] explores the
       | neurophysiology of closed-loop auditory stimulation during sleep.
       | 
       | Though the title of the post suggests the study looks at falling
       | asleep, the study is really focused on what happens during NREM
       | sleep, which has been our focus for the last few years.
       | 
       | Of particular interest to me right now are the processes of
       | waking. Research suggests that different neural networks come
       | online in a specific sequence, and when that sequence is
       | disrupted, we experience sleep inertia or the sense of not being
       | fully restored.
       | 
       | [1]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101438
       | [2]https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.16132
        
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