[HN Gopher] Pyrex catalog from from 1938 with hand-drawn lab gla...
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       Pyrex catalog from from 1938 with hand-drawn lab glassware [pdf]
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 239 points
       Date   : 2025-10-27 15:04 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (exhibitdb.cmog.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (exhibitdb.cmog.org)
        
       | bayindirh wrote:
       | _Beautiful._
       | 
       | I believe it's interesting that these kinds of intricate, hand
       | made objects float to the front page of the HN while at the same
       | time many people glorify how AI can handle these jobs and can do
       | an "arguably better job" in less time.
       | 
       | It's evident that these hand-drawn diagrams or any artifact with
       | high levels of human effort (for lack of a better term) contains
       | something we lost in today's world.
       | 
       | Maybe we should reflect upon that, _a bit_.
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | The quality of layouting and print publications dropped off
         | long long before AI slop became a thing. Already in the 80s it
         | was mostly lost.
        
           | amonroe805-2 wrote:
           | My heuristic is that quality is largely a function of human
           | attention during creation. The transition to digital
           | layouting etc meant less human attention could be spent on it
           | while still achieving "acceptable" results, and so market
           | dynamics ensured that less attention was spent on those
           | tasks, lowering quality.
           | 
           | Whether or not you personally would make this cost/quality
           | tradeoff comes down to the individual, but to me it is also
           | quite clear that something was lost in the transition.
        
             | data-ottawa wrote:
             | I think another thing is a lot of modern stuff is under
             | thought, either in trying to be overly broad or just
             | misunderstanding the user.
             | 
             | Google Shopping is an example. It has enforced opinions
             | about what a product looks like, so you have to force a
             | square peg through a round hole.
             | 
             | They've got a lot of stuff about pricing and loyalty and
             | quantities, but if you dig into tons of categories they
             | have almost nothing that represents the real categories
             | sellers and buyers care about.
             | 
             | Look at the collectibles category. If you sell Pokemon
             | cards and collectibles there is zero merchandising info
             | that actually matches your products or how they're sold.
             | 
             | That means your analytics, automatic listings, ads, etc.
             | are too generic for your customers. All your automated
             | stuff is going to come through wrong.
             | 
             | Meanwhile niche and deep sellers who avoid that forced
             | genericisation, like McMaster-Carr[1] can have these
             | incredibly valuable, useful, and compelling catalogs.
             | 
             | I'd say that deep user knowledge is why Aperture had such a
             | strong fan base too.
             | 
             | I struggle with this buying from Lee Valley. Their caralogs
             | are fantastic, but I have trouble finding things on their
             | website.
             | 
             | This turned into a rant, but maybe a TL;DR is a lot of
             | modern software has no skin in the game of specialization,
             | and so they inadvertently limit these experiences.
             | 
             | [1] mcmaster.com
        
         | cnity wrote:
         | Totally agreed. And as the sibling comment points out, it
         | started before AI slop became a thing. I think it's because
         | technological progress in typesetting means you don't have to
         | "care" as much (it is automatic). Of course as a result, this
         | means modern typesetting is "careless".
         | 
         | Extend this metaphor however you please.
        
         | 91bananas wrote:
         | I definitely get this often vibe that: somewhat comparable
         | things that take a lot more time often end up a lot better than
         | things that take less time. It's like that commitment you make
         | when you're doing something like this, the amount of effort,
         | care and focus that must be exhibited to finish something like
         | this document.
         | 
         | We should definitely reflect on that a lot.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | This is also a catalouge to sell products in an era where
           | producing them is expensive and you can't easily change it
           | after the fact.
           | 
           | Its quite a different situation compared to your average
           | clickbait.
           | 
           | People are more careful when you really only have one shot to
           | make a good impression and you can't (cheaply) redo stuff if
           | you mess it up.
        
           | ian-g wrote:
           | Ironically with glass itself, it's the ones that take less
           | time that tend to be better.
           | 
           | Especially any borosilicate glass with a hard edge
        
         | srmatto wrote:
         | I had the same thought but I also wonder if these highly
         | trained illustrators were happy with making corporate
         | renderings or if they had imagined themselves working in a more
         | creative capacity?
         | 
         | I also don't think its gone. We still have great illustrators
         | but someone somewhere has to decide to use illustrations
         | instead of a photo, CGI, or something else and then they have
         | to pay the premium for that service.
        
           | iamtedd wrote:
           | Who says they're not also being more creative elsewhere?
           | 
           | Plus wouldn't it be a sense of creative pride knowing that
           | you can create an illustration that perfectly depicts
           | refraction through glass, such that people find it hard to
           | differentiate it from a photo? (which did exist in 1938)
           | 
           | To you second paragraph, the output of a CAD model is often
           | used for line art of a product, and sometimes for an
           | illustrated parts breakdown.
        
       | jihadjihad wrote:
       | As a consumer, it is important to note that `pyrex` and `PYREX`
       | are not the same thing [0]:
       | 
       | "Corning used borosilicate to produce all Pyrex products.
       | However, the company that purchased the cookware products
       | switched to soda-lime glass, adopting the name pyrex (spelled
       | with all lowercase letters).
       | 
       | Corning continued to make its lab tools with borosilicate,
       | dubbing these products to be PYREX (spelled with all uppercase
       | letters)."
       | 
       | All of the glass examples in TFA are borosilicate all-caps PYREX,
       | while most of what you can buy today in the store is lowercase
       | pyrex (Europe is an exception where the all-caps variety can be
       | found).
       | 
       | 0: https://www.corning.com/worldwide/en/products/life-
       | sciences/...
        
         | aj_hackman wrote:
         | Not to be confused with Pyrex, which has been forked into
         | Cython.
        
         | Normal_gaussian wrote:
         | Its worth noting that in Europe borosilicate PYREX cookware
         | continues to be made and sold.
         | 
         | - https://pyrex.co.uk/pages/a-unique-glass
         | 
         | - https://pyrexhome.com/
         | 
         | It is a source of some annoyance that lowercase pyrex infects
         | the market via imports.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Actually as a "consumer" you shouldn't know the difference,
         | you'll be a better "consumer" that way.
         | 
         | As an informed human being who happens to buy things from time
         | to time you should definitely know the difference though.
        
         | electroly wrote:
         | OXO sells borosilicate glass bakeware if you're looking for an
         | alternative in America. The original PYREX is available for
         | Europeans.
        
         | wyclif wrote:
         | Where can you buy uppercase PYREX today in America?
        
           | WaitWaitWha wrote:
           | second hand stores where i find them.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _Where can you buy uppercase PYREX today in America?_
           | 
           | Uppercase is no guarantee:
           | 
           | * https://libanswers.cmog.org/faq/398431
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DKasz4xFC0
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _All of the glass examples in TFA are borosilicate all-caps
         | PYREX, while most of what you can buy today in the store is
         | lowercase pyrex (Europe is an exception where the all-caps
         | variety can be found)._
         | 
         | Using all-lower or all-upper case is _not_ a good indication of
         | the type of glass used.
         | 
         | A recent video (Sep 2025) from the _I Want to Cook_ channel,
         | "PYREX vs pyrex -- What's The Difference & Why It Matters",
         | went into the history of this:
         | 
         | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DKasz4xFC0
         | 
         | Specifically, he found the following at the Corning Museum of
         | Glass site:
         | 
         | > _The short answer is that the change from Pyrex trademark
         | upper to lower case signified a re-branding of the trademark
         | Pyrex(r) in the late 1970s but is not a conclusive way to
         | determine, historically, what type of glass formulation the
         | product is made from._
         | 
         | * https://libanswers.cmog.org/faq/398431
         | 
         | So if someone goes to thrift stores looking for borosilicate
         | via the 'old way' of spelling the name, there is no guarantee
         | it will be borosilicate.
         | 
         | See 16m11 of the video for advice if you want borosilicate
         | glass: in Europe, it is all borosilicate; in US, import it
         | yourself, look for "Made in France", or use another
         | manufacturer (e.g., Oxo names the glass they use).
        
         | somat wrote:
         | I regard this as a prime example of customer betrayal. The
         | company set up the brand to promote a specific
         | product(borosilicate glass cookware) After many years of this
         | specific promotion, to the point the pyrex was interchangeable
         | with borosilicate glass in customers minds. That brand stopped
         | being made of borosilicate glass resulting in a product that
         | looked exactly the same but with distinctly different
         | mechanical properties.
         | 
         | Final thoughts: I don't think PYREX vs pyrex painted on is
         | enough of a differentiator and my understanding(as the parent
         | post pointed out) both types of glass are used with the
         | lowercase trademark. I think glass cookware should have a
         | standardized indicator stamped into the glass itself as it is
         | very tricky to tell otherwise.
         | 
         | There is the mineral oil IOR test, but... the IOR ranges of the
         | two glass formula actually overlap so it is very tricky to tell
         | for sure. There is the heat shock test, but... that will
         | destroy the item if it is tempered glass. I suspect you could
         | use a polarized light test to identify if it is tempered glass.
         | but none if the threads I have read on the subject have
         | mentioned it probably because it requires specialized
         | equipment.
        
           | nancyminusone wrote:
           | I've seen the new pyrex in stores and it's readily apparent
           | just how green it is. My old pyrex is clear. But apparently
           | that has nothing to do with the type glass used, both kinds
           | can be green.
        
       | MerrimanInd wrote:
       | My roommate in college worked at GE's Global Research lab in
       | Schenectady. As a bit of a relic from the heyday of US corporate
       | research they still had an in-house glassblowing department for
       | producing all the necessary glassware for all the labs and
       | chemical/material research!
        
         | mattkrause wrote:
         | This is surprisingly common at big research universities! My
         | classmate even managed to take a course on glassblowing--and
         | have it count for her PhD!
        
         | pumnikol wrote:
         | Probably more for repairing than producing, in my experience.
         | That stuff's expensive and breaks easily. An old lab joke:
         | Which daily sound scares a chemist the most? - Krk.
        
       | coreyp_1 wrote:
       | I love the hand-drawn illustrations, but I really love the
       | typography.
       | 
       | Does anyone know which fonts (or, probably more importantly,
       | which modern-day equivalents) are used to get this feeling?
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | It's not precisely the same but you may enjoy Berkeley Mono:
         | https://neil.computer/notes/introducing-berkeley-mono/
         | 
         | I enjoy using it for reading and writing code.
        
         | graypegg wrote:
         | For the body copy, I think it's a version of Rockwell. [0] It
         | fits the time, as well as the lower case "g" always looks
         | quirky to me in rockwell-flavours. Stubby tail + serif on top.
         | The heft on the headings also matches Rockwell Extra Bold with
         | a couple tiny variations. Plus, just simply... slab serifs.
         | 
         | Things working against that are:
         | 
         | - % is wrong. That really looks like a different typeface all
         | together. Not unheard of, might be worth seeing if it matches
         | any other monotype fonts.
         | 
         | - Bolded headings have some differences. Rockwell Extra Bold
         | should still have circular tittles, but unless it's a scanning
         | artifact, the few lowercase "i" examples I can find in those
         | headings seem to be square.
         | 
         | - The Rockwell favour in the tables is tweaked, with no
         | descenders and uses tabular digits. This is pretty common, but
         | the digital copies of Rockwell I have laying around don't have
         | those exact forms... doesn't really say much when we're talking
         | about what specific hot-metal type casts did monotype sell them
         | 90-odd years ago.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | On the title pages (like page 13), my best guess is Memphis.
         | [1] The R is wrong for Rockwell, but also the lower a in
         | "Brand" is totally wrong for Memphis, and the quote is totally
         | different. Going to take lunch, and possibly come back to this
         | in a bit because now I'm intrigued haha.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_(typeface) [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_(typeface)
        
           | graypegg wrote:
           | Comment got deleted, but Gallatin isn't the title page font.
           | That was a digital font released in 2019, which is meant to
           | look like Memphis with a two storey a.
           | https://fontsinuse.com/typefaces/128627/gallatin
           | 
           | That does mention that Linotype had a Memphis flavour with a
           | two-storey "a" though... so maaaaaybe it is Memphis! Most
           | likely their Rockwell typeface was also supplied from
           | Linotype in that case, probably under a different name.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | Agreed, the design is really strikingly beautiful.
         | 
         | The typography is part of this, but I suspect you may also be
         | undervaluing how much the overall _design_ contributes here.
         | The layout, use of whitespace, use of different fonts and sizes
         | to convey hierarchy. It 's just really good design made with
         | care and attention by a skilled practitioner.
        
       | wlesieutre wrote:
       | Old tool catalogs have similarly great illustrations
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/stanley-catalogue-34-1929/page/6...
        
         | georgefrowny wrote:
         | Machine tool manuals too: https://motolab.ru/SIP%20MP-1/
        
         | burnt-resistor wrote:
         | I raise you a Whole Earth Catalog - Fall '69:
         | 
         | https://archive.org/details/wholeearthcatalo00unse_7/page/62...
         | 
         | Where and when else could you mail $1 to Rolling Stone's
         | original hq and have them send you a longer Bob Dylan
         | interview, and then on the opposite side, the publisher reveals
         | their costs?
         | 
         | https://archive.org/details/wholeearthcatalo00unse_7/page/12...
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | What a treat to see hand drawn stuff in the days of AI slop.
       | 
       | You don't know what you have untill you lose it.
        
       | tokai wrote:
       | 1120 looks suspiciously like a beer glass.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | Most of the people in my college dorm drank beer from various
         | sizes and shapes of pilfered labware.
         | 
         | To me, they all look like valid beer vessels.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | If it fits I sips
        
         | cnity wrote:
         | At 250ml it's not far off a half pint.
        
       | b33j0r wrote:
       | Can anyone explain the concept of "oddly satisfying" in this
       | context? These drawings are like... cozy or something. Is it
       | nostalgia that I'm feeling?
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | I don't think it's nostalgia, skillful hand drawings are just
         | nice.
        
       | pugworthy wrote:
       | I recall seeing similar glassware illustrations in catalogs from
       | the 70's?
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | Yes, I would not be surprised to find most of these drawings
         | were direct reproductions of the original art from when each
         | particular item first became available. Some dating back from
         | decades earlier, others not so much since they all didn't exist
         | that many years earlier.
         | 
         | >Within its 128 pages will be found 2353 individual items, 737
         | of which have not been listed previously. From the many
         | advances made in the field of glass laboratory apparatus during
         | the past few years, we have attempted to select for listing in
         | this catalog those items of proven worth, and for which there
         | is a definite demand on the part of chemists.
         | 
         | A lot of the same PYREX items used for routine lab testing
         | today are also identical to the ones in this book.
         | 
         | At Florida the original Chemistry Building was from 1917 and
         | when I got there in the early 1970's the full glassblowing
         | department was still there from when most of the specialized
         | items were not available commercially.
         | 
         | Plus research always needs custom work.
         | 
         | Starting my career I always had big old kilo-sized hard-bound
         | catalogs from suppliers of more generalized apparatus, in
         | addition to being PYREX dealers, where plenty of the random
         | illustrations were the same decades-old original art. And that
         | was well into the 1990's.
         | 
         | It was just not that unusual for art like this to remain
         | unchanged for decades.
         | 
         | In the early 1970's the UF labs themselves had never been
         | rebuilt since original construction [0], no air conditioning of
         | course, and as a freshman there were still quite a few pieces
         | of glassware having the old logo about this age or older. Right
         | in some of the drawers of each undergrad's PYREX, stocked for
         | that semester's "experiments".
         | 
         | The old logo is basically exactly as shown on the cover of this
         | catalog, as that baked green colored circle containing fine
         | print around PYREX, strongly marked onto the glass.
         | 
         | I would estimate about 10% or more had survived for decades
         | under assault by butterfingered freshmen without breakage.
         | Anecdotal statistics tell me that a sizable percentage of those
         | had been dropped more than once, and survived. IOW, they
         | bounced :) Overcame the same type impact that had destroyed
         | many of their less-robust brethren.
         | 
         | Last but not least:
         | 
         | >Type 930 Tubing "CORNING" Brand Electrode Glass No. 015
         | (Mclnnis & Dole)
         | 
         | >Furnished in tubing form with a wall thickness of about 0.5 to
         | 1.2 mm, depending on diameter, and in 3 foot lengths. Of proper
         | composition for use in the fabrication of thin glass membranes
         | for measuring the hydrogen-ion activity or pH. Reference: The
         | Determination of Hydrogen-ions, W. M. Clark, William and
         | Wilkens, Baltimore, 1928; Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,
         | Analytical Edition 37 (1929); Journal of the American Chemical
         | Society, 53 , 4260 (1931); Public Health Reports, Vol. 45, No.
         | 38, Sept. 19, 1930.
         | 
         | >Since " CORNING " Brand No. 015 Glass is not a stable glass ,
         | it has a tendency to deteriorate when stored. For this reason
         | it is advisable to purchase this particular glass only in such
         | quantities as are required for current needs.
         | 
         | By the following year (1939) Beckman would commercialize his
         | first instrument, a pH meter, ushering in the era of electronic
         | pH meters using glass electrodes where the glass itself is the
         | high-impedance electrochemical contact.
         | 
         | [0] Remodeling was long overdue after fifty years, even the
         | stairs in the stairwell were halfway worn out. There was an
         | excellent new building right adjacent to it though :)
         | 
         | Edit: Not my downvote, btw, corrective upvote instead :0
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | It is mind blowing to see the prices of the complex spiral
       | distillation condensers at $5-10 each.
       | 
       | Today these are like $300 at least, and I'm guessing they cannot
       | be made in the USA. (I would be glad to be wrong)
       | 
       | edit: ok with inflation from 1938 it's not so incomparable. But
       | still.
        
         | brulard wrote:
         | In 2025 dollars that is around $230.
        
         | ian-g wrote:
         | Assuming you aren't looking for an exact millimeter-for-
         | millimeter version of the spiral condenser, I bet you could
         | find someone to make it in the US quite easily.
         | 
         | It's still one of the major glassblowing countries. In fact, if
         | you remember when folks were worried about those two quartz
         | mines in Spruce Pine, NC that are the only place with pure
         | enough quartz for chips? That's also the home of Spruce Pine
         | Batch, one of the big glass suppliers in America.
        
       | wyclif wrote:
       | I almost didn't click through to the catalog, but boy am I glad I
       | did! Some of those drawings are so aesthetically pleasing.
        
       | strictnein wrote:
       | I've always wondered: is there a term for the process that
       | brought those hand drawings into a printable form like that which
       | then enabled it to be mass produced? I understand how it can be
       | done with computers and scanners, but I've struggled finding what
       | tech/process was used back in the day.
        
         | ThePointed wrote:
         | Lithography is the general term. There are numerous methods
         | depending on the desired result, for instance using an offset
         | can produce full colors pressing one at a time.
         | 
         | https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/pre-separated-art/...
        
         | bri3d wrote:
         | Lithography, usually - still widely in use today. Drawings were
         | made or transferred to an etchable surface (initially
         | limestone, then metal) using an etch-resistant substance. Then
         | etching agent (acid, usually) was applied to the surface.
         | Everything was washed and voila, a plate was produced which had
         | a positive image which could be inked and pressed just like
         | letters. By 1938, offset printing might have been employed,
         | which is basically the same thing but with a rubber drum as an
         | intermediary between the plate and the paper.
        
       | ChuckMcM wrote:
       | Nice, page 13 has the 'standard' chemical labels which happened
       | to also be the contents of a 'standard' chemistry set (minus a
       | couple for me, like no concentrated sulphuric acid and only
       | dilute nitric acid.)
       | 
       | One of the things that has always impressed me was mid 20th
       | century laboratory equipment, lots of clever ways to achieve the
       | required accuracy.
        
       | robk wrote:
       | After college I got a Pyrex 5L erlenmeyer flask as a wine
       | decanter and it's served me well two and a half decades later.
       | Always a fun topic when people see it for the first time.
        
         | mNovak wrote:
         | I got a set of 25ml Erlenmeyer flasks to use as shot glasses.
         | Also fun, and with the bonus feature that if you can't pour
         | into the very narrow neck, you probably don't need a shot.
        
       | NoSalt wrote:
       | Beautiful drawings like this are a lost art.
        
         | jmonty900 wrote:
         | It's not lost. People can draw like this today. It's just that
         | nobody wants to pay for it.
        
       | nickgray wrote:
       | This catalog is by Corning. Randomly, they have an absolutely
       | incredible museum called The Corning Museum of Glass
       | https://home.cmog.org/ located about 5 hours drive from New York
       | City.
        
         | ian-g wrote:
         | You might notice that this link isn't from Corning. It's from
         | the Corning Museum of Glass' excellent library
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | 1300 and 1320 look like drug paraphernalia.
        
       | etaioinshrdlu wrote:
       | My new theory, developing for a while, is that as technology
       | makes things easier, the perceived average quality goes down over
       | time. I've yet to fully understand the factors that drive this
       | trend, but feel certain AI will put it in overdrive! I'm not a
       | luddite or hater actually - but this trend is pretty apparent...
        
       | gjvc wrote:
       | Pyrex != PYREX
        
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       (page generated 2025-10-27 23:00 UTC)