[HN Gopher] The working-class hero of Bletchley Park you didn't ...
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       The working-class hero of Bletchley Park you didn't see in the
       movies
        
       Author : hansmayer
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2025-10-12 12:04 UTC (7 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | jleyank wrote:
       | Like the early hackers, he _made things_. In Flower 's case, he
       | made things than enabled hackers (eventually). While theory is
       | important and interesting, actually making sh*t that works moves
       | things forward.
       | 
       | Yeah, he also helped shorten the war which saved a whole lot of
       | lives.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | The U-Boot commanders all knew that the Enigma had been
         | cracked, but Admiral Doenitz refused to believe it.
         | 
         | Rommel's Afrika Korps was also defeated by Enigma, because
         | Rommel also refused to believe it was cracked. Enigma pointed
         | out when and where Rommel's supply ships were.
         | 
         | No matter how secure your encryption method is, one should
         | always assume it is cracked. Me, I would have backed it up with
         | one-time pads.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | > all knew that the Enigma had been cracked, but Admiral
           | Doenitz refused to believe it.
           | 
           | Whereas:                 The dropping results made Admiral
           | Donitz suspicious. Although reassured by the Abwehr, the
           | German Foreign Intelligence, that Enigma was unbreakable, he
           | insisted on improving the security of Enigma. On 1 February
           | 1942 the famous Enigma M4 model with four rotors and new key
           | sheets were introduced.
           | 
           | ~ https://www.ciphermachinesandcryptology.com/en/enigmauboats
           | ....
           | 
           | ~ https://uboat.net/technical/enigma_ciphers.htm
           | 
           | There were multiple Enigma variations, based on rotor choice
           | pool sizes, number of fittable rotors, time cycles to
           | changing procedures, etc. Some naval enigma variations were
           | broken, others weren't.
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | > Me, I would have backed it up with one-time pads.
           | 
           | Even one-time pads are subject to the efforts used to counter
           | Enigma, such as so-called _gardening_. I fully agree that
           | layers are better than a single method like Enigma was many
           | times in practice, which is usually all-or-none with no
           | failsafe, at least until later in the war, when Enigma
           | variants started being used in combination with coded
           | messages and code words on top of the Enigma cipher machines
           | themselves, but those efforts were foiled by the dedication
           | and planning of the gardeners' known-plaintext attacks.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening_(cryptanalysis)
           | 
           | > In cryptanalysis, gardening is the act of encouraging a
           | target to use known plaintext in an encrypted message,
           | typically by performing some action the target is sure to
           | report. It was a term used during World War II at the British
           | Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, England,
           | for schemes to entice the Germans to include particular
           | words, which the British called "cribs", in their encrypted
           | messages. This term presumably came from RAF minelaying
           | missions, or "gardening" sorties. "Gardening" was standard
           | RAF slang for sowing mines in rivers, ports and oceans from
           | low heights, possibly because each sea area around the
           | European coasts was given a code-name of flowers or
           | vegetables.
           | 
           | > The technique is claimed to have been most effective
           | against messages produced by the German Navy's Enigma
           | machines. If the Germans had recently swept a particular area
           | for mines, and analysts at Bletchley Park were in need of
           | some cribs, they might (and apparently did on several
           | occasions) request that the area be mined again. This would
           | hopefully evoke encrypted messages from the local command
           | mentioning _Minen_ (German for mines), the location, and
           | perhaps messages also from the headquarters with minesweeping
           | ships to assign to that location, mentioning the same. It
           | worked often enough to try several times.
        
             | ramchip wrote:
             | One-time pads are not vulnerable to gardening.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I can see gardening working against Enigma alone, or one
             | time pads alone, but not with the two used serially.
        
       | drcongo wrote:
       | Pretty sure anyone who knows even a tiny bit of Bletchley Park
       | history is well aware of Tommy Flowers.
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | Did you ever see them or a character in their role in a movie?
        
           | ViktorRay wrote:
           | I don't understand why it matters whether someone was in a
           | movie or not.
           | 
           | It's a sad commentary on western culture that being in a
           | movie seemingly has the importance that it seems to.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | Art imitates life, except when it doesn't accurately depict
             | the lived reality and efforts of those who did the work and
             | won the war, in which case it's arguably closer to myth
             | making. The original author of the James Bond series of
             | books, for example, engaged in this kind of propaganda,
             | arguably with good intentions and positive impact.
             | 
             | It's relevant whether or not they were depicted in a movie
             | because that is the context of this thread, because that is
             | the topic of the fine article itself.
        
             | Maxatar wrote:
             | Doesn't make much sense to say it doesn't matter and also
             | that it's sad.
             | 
             | If it's sad then it matters, if it doesn't matter then it
             | isn't sad.
        
         | hecanjog wrote:
         | I was under pretty much all the false impressions mentioned in
         | the article, it was a nice introduction for me. The name comes
         | up, but I never connected the dots.
        
         | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
         | He's certainly in the histories I've read, but I guess most
         | people don't read those.
         | 
         | Also, his grandson often sits in front of my Mum and Dad at
         | football matches! Although I only found that out a lot later.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | I suppose knowing that they cracked Enigma (and what it is)
         | there and knowing who Alan Turing is qualifies as less than a
         | "tiny" amount because I had no idea who he is, and I would
         | wager that's more than a large majority of the public know.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | People who have visited Bletchley Park or are into early
         | computing history know of Tommy Flowers. Few others do.
         | 
         | He should have been involved in 1950s computing. But he went
         | back to the Post Office Research Station to work on phone
         | switches again. He did good work on phone switches.[1] But
         | vacuum tubes in phone switches were never a good idea, and the
         | technology of phone switches was its own little world. Fully
         | electronic phone switches were several decades away.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.communicationsmuseum.org.uk/emuseum/electronicsw...
        
       | mwnorman2 wrote:
       | Bill Tutte founded the Department of Combinatorics & Optimization
       | in 1962 at the University of Waterloo (the year I was born!). No
       | one knew about his Bletchley Park work until 1985; later in 2001
       | he was awarded the Order of Canada (he passed away the following
       | year aged 84). I was amongst the usual group of often confused
       | undergraduates in his C&O classes ... his mind just operated on a
       | level that few of us mere mortals could ever understand!
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >He should be up there with Bill Gates and Steve Jobs and all the
       | rest of them, one of the great figures of the history of
       | computing. He should have made as much money as they did
       | 
       | I disagree. The amount of value companies like Microsoft and
       | Apple have given the world is many many orders of magnitude than
       | what this guy did. Just being early to field of computing
       | shouldn't automatically make someone a "great."
        
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       (page generated 2025-10-19 23:00 UTC)