[HN Gopher] Chen-Ning Yang, Nobel laureate, dies at 103
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Chen-Ning Yang, Nobel laureate, dies at 103
        
       https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdxrzzk02plo
        
       Author : nhatcher
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2025-10-18 05:47 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.chinadaily.com.cn)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chinadaily.com.cn)
        
       | zaikunzhang wrote:
       | RIP.
        
       | nhatcher wrote:
       | Of Yang-Mills fame among many other things:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning
       | 
       | RIP
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | Sad news. Perhaps the last connection to OG physics. I was
       | fortunate to meet Dr Yang a few times. Surreal to hear him
       | describe working for Fermi and Oppenheimer and his reaction on
       | hearing about the Hiroshima detonation.
       | 
       | Some of his work:
       | http://home.ustc.edu.cn/~lxsphys/2021-3-18/The%20conceptual%...
       | 
       | And: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%E2%80%93Mills_theory
        
       | d_silin wrote:
       | A life well lived.
        
       | thrownawaysz wrote:
       | China only have 8 Nobel winners compared to the 425 from the US
       | is crazy.
        
         | em500 wrote:
         | Maybe not that crazy given that most of their academic work was
         | only published in Chinese until about 2 to 3 decades ago.
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | I'm sure murdering tons of academics in the cultural
           | revolution had nothing to do with it.
        
         | khuey wrote:
         | If you're familiar with the history of China since the Nobel
         | prize started in 1901 it's not surprising. Five of those eight
         | did their work outside China too.
        
         | peterfirefly wrote:
         | Yang got out before Mao. China managed to birth and educate
         | several world-class mathematicians and scientists in the short
         | span between the beginning of Westernized education and Mao's
         | take over... and then it stopped for several decades. The lucky
         | ones managed to get out.
         | 
         | Strange to think that revolutions, unrest, the Sino-Japanese
         | war, and the civil war all provided better conditions for
         | fostering top talent than Mao's China did.
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | India has similar number of laureates and nowhere had the
           | similar kind of social upheaval or authoritarian regime like
           | China or the soviet union had.
           | 
           | I think it is bit more nuanced than just Mao, pre 1935 you
           | could do ground breaking research in almost any field with
           | limited to no funding at all. Since the war you need
           | increasingly large amount of budgets which western
           | universities with full government support enjoy, ans it was
           | not possible to compete for India or China or even the Soviet
           | Union to keep up.
           | 
           | --
           | 
           | The cultural changes you allude to, certainly were a medium
           | term negative factor, but the pre 1950 setup were hardly
           | sustainable or efficient. In pre Mao China or similarly
           | British India (or even till recently) it was not a
           | meritocracy there was a privileged elite who had all the
           | opportunity and few shined if they were also talented.
           | 
           | Today China is one of the most meritocratic economies after
           | all - despite all the authoritarian flaws, we are only seeing
           | positive growth in foundational scientific research and
           | rapidly in contrast with the rising anti-science sentiment we
           | are seeing in so many parts of the western and western
           | influenced world.
           | 
           | The socio-cultural reset was important and necessary for both
           | China and India to progress, the methods of the Mao era are
           | questionable both for their cruelty and also for how
           | efficient and effective they were it was just bad all around
           | however the need of the reset came from a valid place I
           | think.
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | There is whole dimension of bias which does disadvantage
           | particularly Chinese research output today. Don't get me
           | wrong I am not saying there is conscious bias against Chinese
           | researchers. The bias is because despite the esteem the Nobel
           | prize is not a global one.
           | 
           | The committee sit in Scandinavian countries closely working
           | with Norway government. The members are predominately
           | affiliated to western universities and fluent in English or
           | other European languages and read Nature / Science type of
           | western journals.
           | 
           | This always put Soviet researches before and now Chinese and
           | Indian(to a lesser degree) at a disadvantage compared to
           | their western peers.
           | 
           | The committee are not equipped to judge the research output
           | of the whole world, till recently this was not a problem,
           | because western research post WW-II was the majority of the
           | world output, but that is increasingly not true and in a
           | multi-polar world.
        
             | mmooss wrote:
             | > the methods of the Mao era are questionable both for
             | their cruelty and also for how efficient and effective they
             | were
             | 
             | Also for killing tens of millions of people, which not only
             | is murder of each person but also those millions of people
             | - and then their families - never benefit.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | It's also quite interesting to compare to the Soviet Union,
         | which managed around 30 Nobel laureates in spite of also going
         | through a communist revolution and some genocides like China
         | did.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | 9 if you count people from the Republic of China (https://en.wi
         | kipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_cou...).
         | 
         | But, since the Nobel was established, China has been invaded by
         | Germany, Japan, Russia, Britain (largely India), France, the
         | United States, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Japan again, and had
         | a civil war which hasn't technically ended (plus the end of the
         | Boxer Rebellion), a revolution, and the worst famine in human
         | history. But probably the worst event for its Nobel chances was
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution. The civil
         | wars also brought to power brutal dictatorships, including in
         | the so-called Republic of China.
         | 
         | The US has been invaded zero times and had zero civil wars
         | during that period, and in the US, the Cultural Revolution and
         | dictatorship are just starting. Consequently many people who
         | might have been Chinese, German, Japanese, Russian, etc.,
         | during the period in question were instead born in the US. And
         | note that, on the page I linked above, 6 Nobel laureates from
         | the US were actually born in China: Charles K. Kao, Daniel C.
         | Tsui, Edmond H. Fischer, Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee, and Walter H.
         | Brattain (!).
        
           | hker wrote:
           | > 9 if you count people...
           | 
           | 13 according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese
           | _Nobel_laureate..., including peace prize laureates Liu
           | Xiaobo (2010) and the 14th Dalai Lama (1989).
           | 
           | > But, since the Nobel was established, China has been
           | invaded...
           | 
           | > The US has been invaded zero times...
           | 
           | The number of external invasions is not a strong indicator of
           | the number of Nobel Prizes, if you compare all countries,
           | beyond just China or the US.
           | 
           | And as you mentioned, the Cultural Revolution greatly reduces
           | the chance of Chinese Nobel, so internal events can take a
           | large role. And Mao led to more deaths--not to mention
           | destruction to science and culture--than external invasions
           | in the last century combined.
           | 
           | > The civil wars also brought to power brutal
           | dictatorships...
           | 
           | The dictatorship arguably hasn't ended, by taking another
           | less brutal form. And to be precise, CCP brought the civil
           | wars and its consequences, not the civil wars brought
           | dictatorships.
        
       | max_ wrote:
       | I came to know of this guy though Jim Simons.
       | 
       | He once "leaked" the idea that Jim Simon's trading success came
       | from his use of ideas called "gauge theory" and "fibre bundles".
       | 
       | I forgot the exact timestamp, but you will have to watch the
       | entire interview to find that segment --
       | https://youtu.be/zVWlapujbfo
        
         | xqcgrek2 wrote:
         | It's a trivial statement since many equities are correlated on
         | a multidimensional manifold of characteristics. Jim Simons was
         | just early and now rentech is nothing special.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | This reads like "Newton or Einstein were just early". That's
           | the whole thing, being the first person to do it.
        
       | pessimist wrote:
       | Underrated even among physicists. Among the immediate post war
       | generation his contributions are up there with Feynman and
       | Schwinger.
       | 
       | To quote Freeman Dyson: "Professor Yang is, after Einstein and
       | Dirac, the preeminent stylist of the 20th century physics. From
       | his early days as a student in China to his later years as the
       | sage of Stony Brook, he has always been guided in his thinking by
       | a love of exact analysis and formal mathematical beauty. This
       | love led him to his most profound and original contribution to
       | physics, the discovery with Robert Mills of non-Abelian gauge
       | fields. With the passage of time, his discovery of non-Abelian
       | gauge fields is gradually emerging as a greater and more
       | important event than the spectacular discovery of parity non-
       | conservation which earned him the Nobel Prize."
        
       | wave_function wrote:
       | One of the Feynman lectures in physics is about Yang, Lee, and
       | Wu's discovery. I thought it was a great listen:
       | 
       | https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/flptapes.html
       | 
       | #52 Symmetry in physical laws
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-10-18 23:00 UTC)