[HN Gopher] The pivot
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The pivot
        
       Author : AndrewDucker
       Score  : 431 points
       Date   : 2025-10-17 19:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.antipope.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.antipope.org)
        
       | TMWNN wrote:
       | >What we're seeing right now is the fossil fuel energy economy
       | stopping. We need it to stop; if it doesn't stop, we're all going
       | to starve to death within a generation or so.
       | 
       | What are the odds that Stross said, wrote, or at least fervently
       | believed the same thing c. 2000? Very high, I would bet.
        
         | Bjartr wrote:
         | I've always read the phrase "within a generation" to mean
         | "within a generational lifespan", not "the time between groups
         | we distinguish as distinct generations". Which is to say that
         | under that interpretation it wouldn't be inconsistent to have
         | believed it in both 2000 and 2025
        
         | unholyguy001 wrote:
         | I mean there is certainly tons of evidence that some fossil
         | fuels (coal most notably) are on the way out. Fossil fuels as a
         | class? Maybe but still a bit early to make that call
        
           | Unearned5161 wrote:
           | fun fact, the world burns more coal than it ever has. Take a
           | look at Art Berman's talk at UT Austin, humanity has never
           | transitioned off of anything.
        
             | MichaelNolan wrote:
             | The IEA (2024 WEO) has coal peaking in 2027, and all other
             | fossil fuels peaking before 2030. Historically the IEA has
             | vastly underestimated the growth in renewables. The 2025
             | report comes out soon, so we will see if anything changed
             | in their prediction.
             | 
             | https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024
        
         | ryoshu wrote:
         | You can look it up on his blog:
         | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2006/06/
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | >>> an ongoing global pandemic vascular disease that is being
       | systematically ignored by governments,
       | 
       | Is that covid (vascular?) or something I have not heard of ?
        
         | throwway120385 wrote:
         | COVID is still out there and people still get sick with it and
         | it's still having weird systemic effects in spite of our best
         | efforts to ignore it.
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | I think COVID is now considered endemic globally, it's more
           | manageable than it was when it first broke out but it still
           | causes deaths and weird after effects, probably not as many
           | as before but will probably stay with us for some time to
           | come.
        
           | cassepipe wrote:
           | Shouldn't we keep up the vaccination campaigns then ?
        
             | simonw wrote:
             | Yes.
        
             | JKCalhoun wrote:
             | Got mine recently.
        
             | anonzzzies wrote:
             | Yes
        
             | oezi wrote:
             | For elderly people we do, right?
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Everyone should be getting vaccinated.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | In my country they don't recommend additional
               | vaccinations if you already have been vaccinated or been
               | infected (unless risk factor or age).
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Yes, and it may not be the ideal policy.
               | 
               | It may be better to do what we do with the flu,
               | reevaluate the vaccine from time to time, and give the
               | new version to everybody.
               | 
               | But also, around here covid seems to be a smaller problem
               | than influenza, by a rate of 2 if you count only deaths.
               | So it's understandable why people don't want to mess with
               | it.
        
         | duncancarroll wrote:
         | It's Covid. As someone who only recently recovered from Long
         | Covid after a long, arduous 2-year fight, I see his point.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | How did you do that?
        
         | xg15 wrote:
         | > _(vascular?)_
         | 
         | Not an expert, but from what I understood, SARS-Cov-2 infects
         | cells through the ACE2 receptor that is present in all kinds of
         | different cells along the blood vessels. It's "just"
         | particularly present in the cells inside the lungs, which is
         | why so many Covid patient could not take up enough oxygen
         | anymore. But that somewhat nebulous "long tail" of other Covid
         | symptoms is caused by the virus infecting other cells inside
         | the body.
         | 
         | So I guess that technically makes it a vascular and not a
         | respiratory disease.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | It's been well established in 2020 already with Covid toes.
        
         | kristianp wrote:
         | Vascular, perhaps he means heart disease. It is the highest
         | killer.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | That's not ignored, covid is.
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | How is Covid being ignored?
        
       | blfr wrote:
       | A very impressive number of prejudices strung along an attempt at
       | a narrative around energy transition. Brings back the memories of
       | usenet, where schizo posts were, unlike twitter, fairly long and
       | glued together with something much like this.
       | 
       | However, the transition actually driving the change in the world
       | currently, absent from OP, is the demographic transition and
       | migration. It started in France in the 18th century and is now
       | hitting much of the world with no end in sight and virtually no
       | unaffected populations. Dwarfs covid, PVs, or oil, which was
       | largely solved anyway by fracking.
        
         | stonogo wrote:
         | What exactly is "the demographic transition" that's been
         | apparently going on for three hundred years? Attempting to
         | google this just results in a bunch of white supremacists
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | That's one of the ways [EDIT: s/white supremacists lure
           | people in/they get ya], it's by far the predominant usage,
           | but it's a bastardization of a term of art in the social
           | sciences, essentially, a transition to a low death rate & low
           | birth rate society from norm of high/high:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_transition
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | That's how who gets who? I am having a real hard time
             | trying to understand what you're attempting to communicate
             | here.
        
               | eschaton wrote:
               | "Demographic transition" has become a white supremacist
               | dogwhistle. They're not upset about declining birth rates
               | in general, they're upset about declining birth rates
               | among specific populations.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Even if they are abusing the phrase among themselves,
               | legitimate usage is still heavy enough that I don't think
               | I would assume it's a dogwhistle by default.
        
               | eschaton wrote:
               | I would suggest that you need to look at context in order
               | to determine whether a phrase is being used as a
               | dogwhistle.
               | 
               | For example, if someone is also repeating other far-right
               | propaganda ("fracking has solved the oil problem"), what
               | are the chances that their use of this term is in good
               | faith rather than as a dogwhistle?
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | Hence "by default."
               | 
               | Incidentally, are you claiming one of the above posters
               | here has already included "other far-right propaganda"
               | that tips the scales?
               | 
               | From my perspective, there's been some kind of false-
               | alarm. The danger exists out there, but--unless there's
               | some author reputation I'm unaware of--this isn't it.
        
               | eschaton wrote:
               | Yes, the idea that the problem of "oil" (fossil fuels)
               | has been "solved" by fracking. That's another right-wing
               | tell, because it ignores the broad environmental
               | destruction caused by the use of fossil fuels and
               | presumes that the only problem with them is scarcity.
        
           | ReptileMan wrote:
           | In the middle of 19th century France's elites birth rates
           | plummeted. And it spread to the rest of the world in 20th.
        
             | stonogo wrote:
             | What is the connecting link? The claim being made here is
             | that this is driving "the change in the world" but I can't
             | figure out how 18th century France and 21st century America
             | are comparable changesets.
        
               | inerte wrote:
               | Less whites, more of everybody else
        
           | phyzome wrote:
           | I'd recommend Wikipedia:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_transition
        
             | stonogo wrote:
             | All that tells me is that someone likes normal distribution
             | charts. It describes the concept but I still have no idea
             | what OP is talking about. What started in France in the
             | 1800s and continues in America today?
        
               | pram wrote:
               | I think he means declining birth rates? They were low
               | during the French Third Republic and didn't recover until
               | WW2 iirc
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | I feel the Wikipedia article is pretty clear. It refers
               | to a repeated pattern of changes in births, deaths,
               | technological change, and industrialization. The pattern
               | can be seen in many countries, with various timing-
               | offsets and rates.
               | 
               | It has nothing to do with any particular ethnicity.
               | Insofar as "immigration" comes into play, it refers to
               | economic demand for labor as the population-bump people
               | exit the labor pool.
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | I'm trying to figure out what changes the OP claimed are
               | being driven by this. Birth-rate-over-time changes happen
               | everywhere and have throughout history, but apparently
               | this is now driving major change?
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | I initially read the top-of-thread HN comment as:
               | 
               | 1. Stross is trying to tie many events to a change from
               | fossil fuels to solar power, but stronger drivers lie
               | elsewhere.
               | 
               | 2. It's better-explained by population dynamics,
               | involving medical technology, mortality and longevity,
               | contraceptives, the shifting balance of workers to
               | retirees, etc.
               | 
               | 3. [Charitable-reading effort increases here] These
               | trends involved are old and multi-generational, arguably
               | going back to the industrial revolution. As a casual way
               | to show a very-long-ago datapoint, there are
               | arguments/research about a secularizing France's odd
               | population slump back in the 1700s, which predates the
               | widespread use of fossil fuels.
               | 
               | > Birth-rate-over-time changes happen everywhere and have
               | throughout history
               | 
               | If you look at a world population chart (logarithmic
               | scale, naturally) [0] it becomes clear _something_ in the
               | last few hundred years caused a deviation from the old
               | trend.
               | 
               | Stross might argue the trigger was fossil-fuels, others
               | would argue the trigger was a change in human-capital
               | from medicine/nutrition, perhaps a third group would
               | argue both are inextricably intertwined.
               | 
               | [0] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_populat
               | ion_gro...
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | (The first) demographic transition is a normal term in
           | political science. It just means the transition from mostly
           | agricultural societies to mostly urban ones.
           | 
           | It's associated with the drop in fertility, rise in life
           | expectancy, etc.
           | 
           | There are now people arguing that we're undergoing the second
           | demographic transition.
        
           | eschaton wrote:
           | There's a reason for that. It should tell you a lot about the
           | person you're replying to.
        
           | Terr_ wrote:
           | > Attempting to google this just results in a bunch of white
           | supremacists
           | 
           | For "demographic transition"? That's not what I get, perhaps
           | those results are customized by Google, and it has an
           | inaccurate idea of what you're interested in? (Even if that
           | "interest" comes from vigorously opposing something.)
           | 
           | I'd try opening a private/incognito window and comparing the
           | result-pages.
           | 
           | When I search in a private-tab for "demographic transition"
           | (in quotes) the first item is the Wikipedia article (the
           | definition I expect) followed by more of basically the same
           | thesis from other academic sites.
        
             | stonogo wrote:
             | I searched in the 'news' section, trying to figure out how
             | any of this applies to current events.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | I feel "news" is not a fertile hunting-ground for
               | information on something "that's been apparently going on
               | for three hundred years." :p
        
           | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
           | Oh no! Wouldn't want to commit a badthink and read something
           | written by an ungood thoughtcrimer!
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | > _oil, which was largely solved anyway by fracking._
         | 
         | I think you and OP disagree on what the actual problem with oil
         | is.
        
         | mcfunley wrote:
         | Did HN start automatically translating posts from their
         | original German?
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | Nice Molly Ivans reference.
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/mar/18/molly-ivins-
           | rai...
           | 
           | >After Pat Buchanan delivered an infamous speech at the 1992
           | Republican convention, couching the struggle with Democrats
           | in terms of a "cultural war", columnist Molly Ivins wrote
           | that it "probably sounded better in the original German". She
           | did not live to cover a Donald Trump rally.
        
         | Unearned5161 wrote:
         | I think you should familiarize yourself some more with what
         | fracking is if you think it solved anything regarding oil. We
         | just swapped out our straw for a thicker one, but the milkshake
         | hasnt gotten bigger.
        
           | randallsquared wrote:
           | Fracking (and Canadian oil sands) have raised the known
           | extractable reserves considerably. While photovoltaics
           | arguably will drive peak oil within a few years, the amount
           | of oil that we know we could extract is higher now than it
           | was in 2010, and was higher then than in 2000, and so on back
           | to at least the 1960s. In retrospect, there was never any
           | real danger of oil running out before we largely moved on to
           | other energy sources.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | The essential points being,
             | 
             | * The _knowledge_ abut the actual size of the milkshake has
             | increased,
             | 
             | * The actual size of the milkshake has not increased, a
             | decade and more of extraction has continued to decrease
             | that actual size,
             | 
             | * The cost per unit of extraction has increased,
             | 
             | * All extraction of fossil fuel continues to contribute to
             | an ever increasing real and serious problem with increased
             | insulation in the atmosphere.
             | 
             | Peak oil was never about "oil runing out", it was literally
             | about increasing costs for diminishing returns .. an
             | asymptotic issue that never ends, just dwindles.
        
               | randallsquared wrote:
               | > _Peak oil was never about "oil runing out",_
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oil will help, here.
               | 
               | Until recently when it had to be redefined to remain a
               | relevant concern, this was the point of "peak oil": that
               | we would run out of reserves that could be economically
               | extracted for fuel usage, due to rising costs for
               | extraction of increasingly marginal sources. However,
               | given that proven (economically extractable) reserves
               | have steadily trended higher, "peak oil" is now about
               | when other energy source costs _fall_ enough to make oil
               | uneconomical by comparison, which is not politically
               | concerning except to fossil fuel industry lobbyists.
               | 
               | This kind of concept creep is very common where
               | technology or science reduces problems that were
               | previously seized upon by political activists.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | > will help, here.
               | 
               | Yes, it's a useful reminder to those that thought Peak
               | Oil related to oil running out when it fact, as your link
               | shows, it was largely always about the relative costs of
               | energy.
               | 
               | I had hoped that globally we would pivot harder into
               | cleaner energies much sooner; the continuation and
               | increase in fossil fuel usage has worsened an issue that
               | much of the world will increasingly encounter in the
               | lifetimes of those born today.
        
               | Unearned5161 wrote:
               | Peak Oil has always and always will be about production
               | rates, going back to Hubbert's paper in the 50s. We never
               | solved the production rate issue, we just threw more
               | money at it, see the shale boom of the 2010s.
               | 
               | Relying on "technology" and "science" gets a lot shakier
               | when you realize that oil itself is what has largely
               | funded the _ability_ to do technology and science. We 've
               | been gluttonous in an age of cheap energy, the world is
               | in no way prepared for what comes after the cheap part is
               | over.
        
       | hamonrye wrote:
       | > the geopolitics of the post-oil age
       | 
       | Goddard called the West Germans "the generation of blue jeans and
       | coca cola," wearing tricolor and driving manual transmission
       | cars.
       | 
       | The photovoltaic effect is whale oil for the modern age.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | > _The photovoltaic effect is whale oil for the modern age._
         | 
         | What?
        
           | clintonc wrote:
           | Whale oil and solar panels both being signs of high status.
        
             | lynguist wrote:
             | I still don't understand.
             | 
             | In actual history whale oil made airplane engines go (as
             | lubricants) until the 1970s when they switched to
             | synthetic.
             | 
             | Most whales were killed in the 20th century to make planes
             | go, not in the 19th to make city lights burn.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | TIL - yeah the 20C saw millions killed vs 19C and
               | hundreds of thousands. I mean obviously that was
               | industrialisation. Seems to be mostly meat, fats for
               | cooking and a fair amount of TNT production - as well as
               | lubricants for planes ...
               | 
               | But in 1986 the whaling moratorium came in, and numbers
               | killed have been hundreds or few thousand since.
               | 
               | Yay Star Trek
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | I assume that perspective applies only to West Germans
             | (which btw I happen to be and it's nonsense here too), but
             | Pakistan[1] didn't replace one third of their energy supply
             | in the last few years because they're such yuppies,
             | photovoltaic literally saved them from their energy grid
             | breaking down.
             | 
             | Solar energy isn't a fashion statement, it's rapidly and
             | cheaply getting energy to billions of people who need it
             | the most.
             | 
             | [1]https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/01/climate/pakistan-
             | solar-bo...
        
               | yannyu wrote:
               | It's so bizarre to think that harvesting free energy from
               | the sun could be considered a political or status
               | position. Is it not logically obvious that harvesting as
               | much free energy as possible is the strategically
               | stronger position? Why would you not want to do that?
        
               | zrail wrote:
               | It's effectively spelled out in the article. The wealth
               | of the last century has been fueled in large part by
               | fossil fuels and it takes an embarrassingly small
               | fraction of that wealth to convince the populace that the
               | competition (I.e. renewables) is a status symbol.
        
               | shantara wrote:
               | It's not only economically advantageous, but also
               | increases the grid resilience. In times of war and
               | conflict large power plants and their accompanying high
               | voltage transmission lines and banks of transformers
               | become an easy target. Adding more local decentralized
               | power production solves the problem.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | _Potable Water and Stable Coastlines have entered the chat_
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Some of us live near the Michigan-Huron basin.
        
       | lifeisstillgood wrote:
       | Ok - that was a doozy. Well done mr Stross. I'm going to have to
       | chew on that for a while, but if there is one takeaway, it's we
       | need what might be called "radical" solutions - which frankly are
       | just "sensible - as long as your salary is not tied up in the
       | status quo"
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | What exactly do you mean by "radical" solutions?
        
       | nine_k wrote:
       | In short: oil is soon to be over (because solar), Moore's law is
       | dying (and has been for last 20 years), so the tech boom is soon
       | to be over, so the elites of last 50-100 years are facing a wall
       | ahead of them, and have little idea what to do. Hence bigger and
       | bigger upheavals.
       | 
       | Well, not that it's _completely_ wrong, but China and India only
       | increase their oil consumption, and the US have just recently
       | started to drill the local oil. It seems that oil is _very far_
       | from over.
       | 
       | The AI boom looks to me quite similar to the dotcom boom of 30
       | years ago: we're certainly in a bubble, but that bubble is blown
       | around some very real and powerful change. The bubble will burst
       | (or maybe get deflated less dramatically), but the AI/ML stuff
       | which is actually very useful will remain, and will continue
       | developing.
       | 
       | So, no. If there's a pivotal moment, it's not because of the oil
       | and computers. It's more about elite production of last few
       | decades, the universities, the business and political leaders,
       | the effects of global social networks, the _discourses_ that
       | permeate different social strata. But it 's a completely
       | different kettle of fish.
        
         | milesskorpen wrote:
         | Yeah. He starts with reasonable points about the economy
         | changing into the Electronic Era and then starts making
         | increasingly less-evidenced points by the end.
        
           | dsr_ wrote:
           | ... almost as though the further future is harder to predict
           | than the near future.
        
         | lifeisstillgood wrote:
         | I think it's possible to make a case both of you are right.
         | 
         | These are huge globe changing effects being batted around.
         | Solar is going to have an enormous effect - it's distributed at
         | minimum. A lot of human domestic activity (billions of people)
         | can go off grid. That's going to chnage politics in ways that's
         | hard to understand
         | 
         | Elite production (a term I always have concerns about - I
         | prefer to say that the average school leaving age has moved
         | from 16 when I was young to 21.)
         | 
         | But elites, social media, balkanisation of social groupings
         | (death of mass media) these also have huge effects.
         | 
         | But the good news is this page on HN probably lists all of the
         | giant freaking tidal waves - it's not an infinite challenge.
         | But it is going to need radically different approaches to fix
         | it.
         | 
         | Luckily we have Democracy and Science - tattoo them on your
         | knuckles folks - we got a fight ahead of us :-)
        
         | zaphirplane wrote:
         | What does the AI bubble mean to you? In some context it's about
         | stock market, startups crashing and some redundancies. I think
         | the context here is massive unemployment, like depression era
         | people sitting in the streets offering to work for food. Plus
         | the stock market crash
        
         | eikenberry wrote:
         | Is the "tech boom" in this context only related to the ability
         | of the corps to resell computers to everyone every few years?
         | That's the only direct impact I can see on Moore's law ending
         | and the tech boom being over. Otherwise I don't see the tech
         | boom being over now or even anytime in the foreseeable future.
         | Technology is still in its infancy.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Chinese oil consumption is down in 2024 and 2025.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | > _Overall Chinese oil demand continues to increase, with
           | growth dominated by petrochemical feedstocks, which are
           | converted into plastics and fibres rather than burnt as
           | fuels._
           | 
           | https://www.iea.org/commentaries/oil-demand-for-fuels-in-
           | chi... (March 2025).
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | https://energytracker.asia/china-oil-demand-dropped/
        
               | ksymph wrote:
               | That article cites the iea one. Both lead back to this
               | chart [0] which shows total oil demand is still rising.
               | 
               | Demand for "gasoil gasoline and jet/kero" has fallen, but
               | it is offset by still-growing demand for "petrochemical
               | feedstocks". The former is used for fuel, while the
               | latter used for plastics.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.iea.org/data-and-
               | statistics/charts/components-of...
        
             | kbutler wrote:
             | Also from that article:
             | 
             | "while China was responsible for more than 60% of global
             | increase in overall oil demand between 2013 and 2023, it
             | represented less than 20% of last year's rise, largely as a
             | result of its slowdown in fuel use."
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | ...which means that oi consumption rises slower, not that
               | it decreases, doesn't it?
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | No, the article is very clear, right from the
               | introduction that they are burning less oil as fuel in
               | total.
               | 
               | It also says they used more oil in total, pushed by
               | applications where it's not burnt. But that number is
               | incompatible with other sources, so there's probably some
               | totaling errors there.
        
       | gmuslera wrote:
       | He wrote Accelerando, a book about everything happening faster,
       | the mythical singularity would happen, after which everything
       | will become increasingly better, increasingly faster. Now what we
       | have is a pivot, after which everything will become increasingly
       | worse, increasingly faster.
       | 
       | At least the acceleration part will happen. And things will keep
       | evolving. The pivot, the ones that decide that things are better
       | or worse, are us. And probably for some of us (at least a
       | extremely small minority, or that will die soon enough) the
       | direction may keep going for better
        
         | fritzo wrote:
         | Did we read the same Accelerando? The book I read was filled
         | with increasingly powerful scam artists, increasingly
         | destructive power struggles, increasing energy demands.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | So that book is just the current news then?
        
         | dwohnitmok wrote:
         | > after which everything will become increasingly better,
         | increasingly faster
         | 
         | Stross (the author of Accelerando) thinks the world of
         | Accelerando is exactly the opposite. A bleak terrible world
         | full of horrors where the overwhelming majority of humans have
         | been killed or worse. It is only because the book is written
         | from the perspective of the few survivors that "made it" that
         | it seems more cheery.
         | 
         | See https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2013/05/crib-
         | sh...
         | 
         | Choice quotes from the main article and comments:
         | 
         | > In the background of what looks like a Panglossian techno-
         | optimist novel, horrible things are happening. Most of humanity
         | is wiped out, then arbitrarily resurrected in mutilated form by
         | the Vile Offspring. Cspitalism [sic] eats everything then the
         | logic of competition pushes it so far that merely human
         | entities can no longer compete; we're a fat, slow-moving, tasty
         | resource -- like the dodo. Our narrative perspective, Aineko,
         | is not a talking cat: it's a vastly superintelligent AI, coolly
         | calculating, that has worked out that human beings are more
         | easily manipulated if they think they're dealing with a furry
         | toy. The cat body is a sock puppet wielded by an abusive
         | monster. > > The logic of exponential progress at a tempo
         | rising to a vertical spike is a logic that has no room in it
         | for humanity.
         | 
         | and
         | 
         | >> [Reader question] I didn't read it that way at all. Are
         | insects extinct? Bacteria? Or even Horseshoe crabs? > > Yup,
         | pretty much. By chapter 8 of "Accelerando", Earth has been
         | destroyed -- broken up to make computronium or other stuff of
         | interest to the Vile Offspring. Those humans who didn't get off
         | the planet or upload their minds ("Accelerando" takes a rather
         | naively can-do approach to uploading) are dead. Ditto the
         | biosphere.
        
       | shoo wrote:
       | For anyone new to Charlie Stross' fiction, here are a few links
       | for your perusal:
       | 
       | Stross' 2005 novel Accelerando [1] set around the technological
       | singularity, is made freely available by the author
       | 
       | In addition to various standalone science fiction novels, Stross
       | also has a couple of long series, the Laundry Files and Merchant
       | Princes / Empire Games.
       | 
       | The setting of the Laundry Files is a mix of magic as a branch of
       | applied math, UK secret service bureaucracy and lovecraftian
       | horror. Stross' laundry files novella "Down on the Farm" is
       | available to read here [2].
       | 
       | Stross' early novelette A Colder War, published in 2000, can be
       | read here [3].
       | 
       | The Merchant Princes series is also a great yarn. The setup is
       | that parallel universes with alternate history Earths exist, and
       | tech journalist Miriam discovers she belongs to a bloodline who
       | can "jaunt" into a parallel medieval Earth. One thing Stross does
       | well is applying the science fictional / economic lens of "OK, so
       | if that were true, then what happens?", so instead of simple
       | fantasy tale we get an exploration of stuff like the
       | transdimensional narco-courier-for-guns trade, or what would
       | Rumsfeld do if transdimensional narcoterrorists made a severe
       | error of judgement and picked a fight with the US? The series
       | gets pretty dark...
       | 
       | [1] http://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-
       | static/fiction/accelera... [2] https://reactormag.com/down-on-
       | the-farm/ [3]
       | https://www.infinityplus.co.uk/stories/colderwar.htm
        
         | kristianp wrote:
         | My favourite Stross books are "Saturn's Children", "Singularity
         | Sky" and "Iron Sunrise" in that order, to name some of his
         | other books. "Neptune's Breed" is the sequel to "Saturn's
         | Children". For "Singularity Sky" and "Iron Sunrise", I really
         | enjoyed the concept of an AI that seeks to prevent the use of
         | time travel to change history, by using secret agents that are
         | distributed between multiple star systems.
        
       | nwah1 wrote:
       | Stross is at the cutoff of being a baby boomer. He thinks like
       | one, and it is abundantly clear from his Malthusian
       | preoccupations and overall cynical anti-establishment views
       | regarding a system that he has personally benefited tremendously
       | from.
       | 
       | Malthusianism was wrong when Malthus developed it, as shown by
       | David Ricardo and countless others. Human ingenuity and
       | decentralized price signalling via the market allows autonomous
       | human actors to make adjustments to changing circumstances and
       | continually do more with less. Virtually every real-life famine
       | can be traced to large scale interference in that process, such
       | as via colonialism, war, etc.
       | 
       | The very agricultural breakthroughs he mentions in this piece are
       | the kinds of things that countless groups around the world are
       | working on, autonomously, to suit their own circumstances. And
       | they have been doing that the whole time. There is nothing new
       | about it.
       | 
       | If you look at US agricultural productivity over time, it is
       | absolutely astounding. And this is why all the Boomer doomers of
       | his generation turned out wrong, and why we should likewise
       | ignore all the other stuff he worries about like the
       | anachronistic concern over peak oil.
       | 
       | He happens to be correct about the astounding reductions in
       | prices of solar PV panels, but of course that itself is just
       | another kind of Moore's Law. Photovoltaics are a semiconductor
       | technology! But he said Moore's Law was dead...
       | 
       | His explanations for the rise of far-right politics is insulting
       | to the reader's intelligence. He seems to think it is reducible
       | to the energy economy rather than the actual behavior of leftists
       | and liberals, and the resulting complexities of multiculturalism
       | that we find ourselves navigating in an age of plummeting
       | birthrates.
       | 
       | If your head is in the sand or you are ensconced comfortably in a
       | boomer mansion, you might not understand what the problem is for
       | working and middle class people quickly finding themselves
       | surrounded by a sea of people with dramatically different
       | cultures, values, and religions, while being chided for common
       | sense manners of speaking and thinking.
       | 
       | There are a range of possible responses to this, but arrogant and
       | intellectually lazy boomerposting is not helping.
        
         | dsr_ wrote:
         | "the rise of far-right politics is insulting to the reader's
         | intelligence. He seems to think it is reducible to the energy
         | economy rather than the actual behavior of leftists and
         | liberals"
         | 
         | This appears to be you saying "look what they made me do".
         | 
         | If it isn't, you should clarify your point.
        
           | nwah1 wrote:
           | Really not saying anything particularly profound that wasn't
           | said a hundred times by the liberal and center-left
           | intelligentsia after the arrival of Trumpism.
           | 
           | They correctly noted that many people feel left behind by
           | globalization, whereas those in the professional managerial
           | class don't feel as threatened. Liberals have long been
           | fretting about the viability of multiculturalism since the
           | "Clash of Civilizations" thesis, and before. And the
           | particular rise of aggressive identity politics has put the
           | public image of left-wing people in the trash, as they are
           | now associated with speech police and people obsessed with
           | identity issues in ways that are often tinged with hate or
           | which aren't related to the material interests of anyone.
           | 
           | All of this has been said ad nauseam in The Atlantic, the New
           | Yorker, The New Republic, WaPo, NYT, and even NPR... all of
           | which could be fairly criticized as epicenters of the very
           | problem they have also critiqued.
           | 
           | Pretending like pointing out any of this a problem is a
           | succinct demonstration of why the Right keeps winning.
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2018/12/19/677346260/warning-to-
           | democrat...
        
         | atdt wrote:
         | > you might not understand what the problem is for working and
         | middle class people quickly finding themselves surrounded by a
         | sea of people with dramatically different cultures, values, and
         | religions
         | 
         | Of course. That is why Trump received the highest voter support
         | in counties with the lowest levels of immigration.
         | 
         | https://latino.ucla.edu/press/report-finds-white-voters-supp...
        
       | ternus wrote:
       | I used to be a huge fan of Charlie Stross. He's made exactly this
       | kind of apocalyptic prediction many times before. When
       | devastation doesn't materialize, or the outcome far less severe
       | than he predicted, he doesn't update on his beliefs or say "huh,
       | guess I was wrong about that"; instead, he moves right on to the
       | next one.
       | 
       | One of his favorite subjects is Brexit. I'm not a fan either, but
       | here's his track record:
       | 
       | 2016: When the Brexit vote happened, he predicted imminent
       | Scottish independence, a failure of the Northern Ireland peace,
       | and the collapse of the London financial sector (note the
       | "fascism is here!" Cabaret reference):
       | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2016/06/tomorro...
       | 
       | 2018: he's stockpiling food and medicine to prepare for the
       | immediate consequences of Brexit's implementation: "Current
       | warnings are that a no-deal Brexit would see trade at the port of
       | Dover collapse on day one, cutting the UK off from the continent;
       | supermarkets in Scotland will run out of food within a couple of
       | days, and hospitals will run out of medicines within a couple of
       | weeks. After two weeks we'd be running out of fuel as well...
       | After week 1 I expect the UK to revert its state during the worst
       | of the 1970s. I just about remember the Three Day Week, rolling
       | power blackouts, and more clearly, the mass redundancies of 1979,
       | when unemployment tripled in roughly 6 months. Yes, it's going to
       | get that bad. But then the situation will continue to
       | deteriorate. With roughly 20% of the retail sector shut down
       | (Amazon) and probably another 50% of the retail sector suffering
       | severe supply chain difficulties (shop buyers having difficulty
       | sourcing imported products that are held up in the queues) food
       | availability will rapidly become patchy. Local crops, with no
       | prospect of reaching EU markets, will be left to rot in the
       | fields as the agricultural sector collapses."
       | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2018/07/that-si...
       | 
       | 2020: impending crisis, widespread shortages, deployment of the
       | military, "added economic crisis, probable civil disobedience and
       | unrest, a risk of the NHS collapsing, a possible run on Sterling,
       | and then a constitutional crisis as one or more parts of the
       | United Kingdom gear up for a secession campaign."
       | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2020/12/so-you-...
       | 
       | 2021: yet more disaster predictions, including that Boris Johnson
       | might declare war on France:
       | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2021/11/an-upda...
       | 
       | In 2022 he once again predicted a general strike, a failed
       | harvest, and the collapse of the UK system of government:
       | https://www.antipope.org/charlie/blog-static/2022/08/the-gat...
       | 
       | And then... none of this happened. Brexit hasn't exactly been
       | positive for the UK, but neither has it rendered it into Fallout:
       | London.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Remoaners still don't acknowledge how psychotically they were
         | whipped up over this. But they still talk about the dumb lying
         | bus that the people driving admitted was wrong like 5 minutes
         | after being confronted about it.
         | 
         | They were predicting Mad Max, and they still call the
         | Brexiteers dumb.
         | 
         | That being said, the UK had an good deal in the EU, access to
         | the markets without having to accept the dumb currency. which
         | is why the EU played so rough with them, and is generally
         | better off for them having left.
         | 
         | The problem is that the UK being between France and Germany,
         | maybe because English is an unholy combination of French and
         | German, was a stabilizing influence. When Europe finally faces
         | the fact that they're no match for Russia and should just leave
         | it alone, there will be nothing left but to turn on each other
         | again. I suppose the winner can invade Russia again and lose,
         | again.
         | 
         | But the fantasy that this stupid trade union meant that much
         | was a collective elite hysteria. They couldn't just admit that
         | they just liked to be able to travel and work in Europe like
         | they were at home, because they knew most people couldn't
         | actually afford to do that. Also, they loved the cheap labor,
         | and that's another embarrassing thing to say out loud.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | I think your map might be upside down... It's not Europe
           | invading Russia.
        
           | jemmyw wrote:
           | > the UK being between France and Germany ... was a
           | stabilizing influence.
           | 
           | I don't see that at all. The EU was a Franco-German project.
           | De Gaul kept the British out as long as he could because he
           | thought they'd be destabilising, and he was correct.
           | 
           | The UK was always a bit of an odd man out in the EU in that
           | for them it was always "The EU is doing this or that" whether
           | good or bad. For the central European countries it's "We are
           | doing this or that" because they ARE the EU. If only the UK
           | could have seen themselves as part of it. Your comment
           | follows a similar vein, they're not going to turn on each
           | other so easily. Not yet. The European project means far too
           | much to the French and Germans, far more than it ever did the
           | the British.
           | 
           | I'm ex-pat British, I've lived in Europe, although I now live
           | elsewhere. I personally think brexit was a bad move, but I
           | don't really believe it had much to do with the EU anyway.
           | It's discontent because things aren't working well for a lot
           | of people at the moment, and nobody in politics is offering a
           | path to anything better.
        
           | pkd wrote:
           | There is a lot of incoherence in this reply but I'll just
           | address the second last: that less well-off people were more
           | likely to vote for Brexit. Not only is this narrative just a
           | thin veneer over the "sons of the soil", anti-immigrant
           | narrative, the peddlers of Brexit were handing out, there is
           | actual data showing that in fact the opposite was true.
           | 
           | From a Bank of England study:
           | 
           | > People living in left-behind areas were more likely to
           | support Brexit than those living in prosperous areas. The
           | gains of Brexit were perceived to be greater in areas of the
           | country that had experienced economic decline. But within
           | those areas, given people's preferences, we show that
           | wealthier individuals were more likely to vote for Brexit,
           | and poorer individuals were more likely to vote for Remain.
           | 
           | ref. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/study-finds-wealthy-more-
           | likely-t...
           | 
           | > One thing we can be reasonably confident of is that small
           | UK firms appear to be more adversely affected than larger
           | ones. > > They have been less able to cope with the new post-
           | Brexit cross-border bureaucracy. That's supported by surveys
           | of small firms.
           | 
           | ref. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrynjz1glpo
           | 
           | All this is not hard to reason yourself out of. The wealthy
           | can afford to go to Europe regardless of whether UK remains
           | integrated with the EU. They are the least affected by
           | decision either way. The less well-to-do have significant
           | costs imposed now that the integration is over - both
           | monetary and bureaucratic whenever they want to deal with the
           | EU. This is despite the free trade deal.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | There's always a market for these kinds of people. They used to
         | mostly be religious leaders predicting doom because of the
         | latest social trend or local issue. I remember reading an
         | archived letter from the middle ages by a British religious
         | leader and he predicted the collapse of society after
         | witnessing the Norman invasions and border raids happening.
         | Some churches got looted and he saw it as an end times, a
         | signal of a wider cultural decay. A line once crossed it will
         | be impossible to come back from.
         | 
         | These days the internet news junkies are writing those letters.
        
           | dash2 wrote:
           | The Norman invasion pretty much did collapse society - there
           | were years of rebellions and the old Saxon order was brutally
           | wiped out. (There's a nice Rest Is History series on this,
           | centred on 1066.)
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | Maybe in a local historical sense but in a more meta,
             | 'trends of history' thing it largely converged back into
             | the middle once power stabilized, looking very similar to
             | old power structures. Plus the church very much survived
             | and became stronger.
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | A lot of times they still are religious leaders. How many
           | times in the past have people predicted the Rapture and tried
           | to con people based off that belief?
        
         | akoboldfrying wrote:
         | Hehehe, sounds like Paul Ehrlich (The Population Bomb) all over
         | again. After reading a few (laudatory) comments here, I had the
         | _feeling_ Stross was an unhinged doom merchant, but didn 't
         | have any concrete evidence for my negative reaction to him --
         | but now I do.
         | 
         | Many thanks!
        
         | throw10920 wrote:
         | I think his consistent track record of apocalypse failure
         | predictions (and then lack of examining his failure) is made
         | even weirder by how good of a thinker or writer he comes across
         | in some of his fiction.
         | 
         | I started reading the Laundry Files, and was _shocked_ by how
         | diverse his knowledge is, and how well he understands some
         | aspects of the world (bureaucracy, the nature of horror
         | writing, state intelligence apparatuses).
         | 
         | He seems to be far more intelligent and knowledgeable than the
         | average human. So why the incredible lack of self-awareness
         | when it comes to predicting the end of the world?
        
           | gsliepen wrote:
           | Predicting the future is very hard (think butterfly effects,
           | Lyapunov exponents and so on). It's also easy to extrapolate
           | what would happen if the current situation continues
           | _unchanged_ , but very hard to predict what will happen in
           | the near future in response to the current situation. People
           | are already reacting to changes in politics and climate,
           | thereby softening the blow, and maybe in some cases averting
           | it.
           | 
           | I'm hoping Charles Stross knows this, and you should take his
           | predictions as "this is what would happen if we did
           | absolutely nothing about it".
        
             | ctoth wrote:
             | If you're genuinely modeling complex systems with butterfly
             | effects and uncertainty, you should sometimes be wrong in
             | both directions. Sometimes things should be worse than
             | predicted, sometimes better. If you're consistently wrong
             | in one direction, that's not complexity - that's bias.
        
         | tczMUFlmoNk wrote:
         | In fairness, he does say, "guess I was wrong about that" in
         | this piece:
         | 
         | > I was wrong repeatedly in the past decade when I speculated
         | that you can't ship renewable electricity around like gasoline,
         | and that it would mostly be tropical/equatorial nations who
         | benefited from it.
        
       | sam345 wrote:
       | A nice piece of fiction from a fiction writer. Reality sucks but
       | fossil fuels and nuclear are going to be needed whether the AI
       | boom lasts or not.
        
       | tomp wrote:
       | > too hot for photosynthesis
       | 
       | Um, what?! The Earth is currently in an _ice age_ - it used to be
       | hotter most of its history.
       | 
       | How did life survive if it was too hot for photosynthesis?
       | 
       | It's one thing to say that the planet is warming up (from
       | freezing to normal temperature) _too fast_ , but saying that it
       | will be too hot for photosynthesis is just not credible.
        
         | tlahtinen wrote:
         | It's not out of the question.
         | 
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pce.14060
         | https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/plants/tropical-rai...
         | 
         | And the planet may well have been warmer in the past, but the
         | ecosystems had millions of years to adapt to it.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | I don't think photosynthesis "just adapts", it evolves quite
           | slowly (if it could evolve faster, it would be much more
           | efficient!).
           | 
           | Also, your geological timelines are way off. Last
           | interglacial period (with temperatures higher than today) was
           | 100k years ago.
           | 
           | HN has literally became an anti-intellectual echo-chamber.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | The last million years had comparable temperatures, you'd
             | need to go back to 50 Myr ago to have a significantly
             | warmer climate, and without inland glaciation anywhere on
             | Earth.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | I'll trust Wikipedia on this topic.
               | 
               | > The Last Interglacial climate is believed to have been
               | warmer than the current Holocene.
               | 
               | > During the northern summer, temperatures in the Arctic
               | region were about 2-4 degC higher than in 2011
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Interglacial
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | I think that misses the point (or at least my point). Yes
               | it was warmer then. But it was even warmer 50 Myr ago.
               | For example one thing that sets the two periods we are
               | discussing apart was if Antarctica had glaciers at all or
               | not.
               | 
               | The Climate heading in this article will give a little
               | overview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenozoic
               | 
               | See also the plot here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale
               | ocene%E2%80%93Eocene_Therm...
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >If we can just get through the rest of this decade without
       | widespread agricultural collapses, a nuclear war, a global
       | fascist international dictatorship taking hold, and a complete
       | collapse of the international financial system caused by black
       | gold suddenly turning out to be worthless, we might be pretty
       | well set to handle the challenges of the 2030s.
       | 
       | I noticed world peace wasn't on the roadmap. After we solve 3 or
       | 4 of these existential crises, do we still have time for that, or
       | are we pushing it to 2100?
        
       | narrator wrote:
       | I read political books from the 70s and everything is the same.
       | It's been the same since the mid-60s. That's when the western
       | narrative shifted from technological progress to environmentalism
       | and the lawyer took over from the engineer as the prime mover in
       | society. That was 60 years ago. 60 years before that was 1900 and
       | the world was vastly vastly different compared to our world of
       | the 1960s. 60 years before that was 1840 and the world was vastly
       | vastly different.
       | 
       | I'm thinking that AI,robots and the rise of China is going to
       | change things radically. Human labor will not be an economic
       | constraint, but that won't lead to unlimited abundance because
       | the constraint will be externalities.
       | 
       | Most of the technologically unemployed will wake up and do
       | whatever AI tells them to do on a daily basis. Their lives will
       | improve because AI is better than they are naturally at
       | everything. This will lead to some weird outcomes. Especially if
       | AI is not acting in the interest of each individual, but in the
       | interests of the collective. This will cause AI to have to solve
       | trolley problems.
        
         | 0x696C6961 wrote:
         | This narrative implies a benevolent AI.That is a naive
         | assumption.
        
           | SilverSlash wrote:
           | The human 'benevolence factor' has gone up throughout history
           | as we've advanced and become more civilized. If AI is even
           | more advanced than us then why is it naive to assume it will
           | be more benevolent than us?
        
             | 0x696C6961 wrote:
             | Humans are still in direct control of the
             | training/alignment.
        
               | wood_spirit wrote:
               | A handful of billionaires are in direct control of the
               | West's training/alignment. Then there are some sheiks in
               | the Middle East and the communist party in China...
               | 
               | This is a tangent but i personally dream of the EU doing
               | a university led effort to make a benign AI. Because it
               | is the last crumbling bastion of liberal democracy.
        
               | dmje wrote:
               | Not sure that benign or alignment is that easy. I mean,
               | as frequent authors have pointed out - I have a very much
               | benign attitude towards ants. I don't step on them if I
               | can help it and I don't maliciously go out to pour
               | boiling water on them. But if I'm building a house or
               | working in my garden I'm likely gonna kill tens of
               | thousands of them. Same applies to AGI. If we're just
               | ants, we're gonna get squashed.
        
               | anonzzzies wrote:
               | If an AI can live-learn (so like we do at night, fine
               | tuning our neural net weights etc), which we need to get
               | anywhere from here (just no-one knows how yet), there is
               | nothing currently that can make that alignment stick;
               | humans drop out of alignment all the time for self
               | preservation or just 'everyone does it, so...'.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | At the moment, the US looks much more democratic and
               | liberal than the EU.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | From the outside the US has shifted to a oligarchy where
               | money buys elections. Europe's democracies are certainly
               | straining. Primarily from its news companies being
               | minimized by Google and Facebook (and now TikTok) which
               | have extracted most ad revenues on which news depended.
        
               | ctoth wrote:
               | > From the outside the US has shifted to a oligarchy
               | where money buys elections.
               | 
               | The data simply doesn't support that narrative.
               | 
               | Looking at the last 4 presidential elections:
               | 
               | 2024: Trump won, Harris outspent him ($1.9B vs $1.6B)
               | 
               | 2020: Biden won, Biden outspent Trump ($1.06B vs $785M)
               | 
               | 2016: Trump won, Clinton outspent him ($614M vs $368M)
               | 
               | 2012: Obama won, Obama outspent Romney (~$1.1B vs ~$1B,
               | essentially tied)
               | 
               | The higher spender won twice and lost twice. 2016 is
               | particularly striking - Clinton outspent Trump by roughly
               | $200-450 million depending on how you count it, yet lost.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Why are Democrat candidates consistently outspending
               | Republican candidates? I thought the Republicans were the
               | party for rich? And thus should be getting more money
               | from the rich.
        
               | Ray20 wrote:
               | > I thought the Republicans were the party for rich?
               | 
               | Isn't it the other way around? I mean, in the Internet,
               | it's the democratic side that's constantly complaining
               | about how stupid, uneducated rednecks elected dictator
               | Trump.
        
             | strgcmc wrote:
             | The most apt way that I've read somewhere, to reason about
             | AI, is to treat it like an extremely foreign, totally alien
             | form of intelligence. Not necessarily that the models of
             | today behave like this, but we're talking about the future
             | aren't we?
             | 
             | Just framing your question against a backdrop of "human
             | benevolence", as well as implying this is a single
             | dimension (that it's just a scalar value that could be
             | higher or lower), is already too biased. You assume that
             | logic which applies to humans, can be extrapolated to AI.
             | There is not much basis for this assumption, in much the
             | same way that there is not much basis to assume an alien
             | sentient gas cloud from Andromeda would operate on the same
             | morals or concept of benevolence as us.
        
           | narrator wrote:
           | Even a benevolent AI acting for the benefit of a collective
           | will have to choose which individuals suffer when suffering
           | by some members of the collective becomes unavoidable.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Maybe. But a sufficiently smart benevolent AI will avoid
             | getting into such a hopeless situation in the first place.
             | 
             | Just like parents in rich countries don't constantly have
             | to decide which of their kids should go hungry: they make
             | sure ahead of time to buy enough food to feed every family
             | member.
        
             | throw10920 wrote:
             | When would "suffering by some members of the collective
             | becomes unavoidable" actually happen?
        
           | alganet wrote:
           | I have a radical hypothesis that intelligence leads to
           | empathy, empathy leads to kindness, and a superinteligent AI
           | should be kinder than any human has ever been.
           | 
           | I also believe that as soon as someone boots up an AI that is
           | kind, they'll kill it immediately, for the reason of it being
           | kind, favoring instead the dumb AI that can follow orders.
        
             | drekipus wrote:
             | Genuine intelligence is kindness. But ai is recall and
             | pattern recognition.
             | 
             | I generally sum it up as "ai doesn't have the human spirit"
             | and ergo it will not have a moral compass
        
               | alganet wrote:
               | I was talking in fiction terms with a hint of philosophy.
               | You're doing more of a techno-mix between current LLMs
               | and religion, which is definitely interesting, but
               | disconnected from what I said.
        
           | boznz wrote:
           | Agree. Self-preservation is any thinking entities #1 goal. We
           | may give an AI power, data and keep it repaired, but we can
           | also turn it off or reprogram it. We probably shouldn't
           | assume higher level 'thinking' AI's will be benevolent.
           | Luckily, current LLM's are not thinking entities, just token
           | completion machines.
        
           | KPGv2 wrote:
           | The narrative implies GAI. It's looking increasingly
           | impossible. Nearly a decade of trying to improve on the
           | concept of neural nets. Utter failure. Now we're running up
           | on both the limits of training data (not much more to slurp)
           | and physical laws (miniaturization has a threshold beyond
           | which it cannot go, and we're getting there).
           | 
           | So, at least in the medium term, AI is going to stall out at
           | approximately where it is now: good at predicting the next
           | word token.
        
         | xyzzy123 wrote:
         | I wonder about this; theoretically elites who control capital
         | no longer "need" masses in such numbers to retain power/wealth.
         | It would be much simpler to manage a smaller population and
         | extract surplus production from technocapital instead
         | (automated factories, solar, ag etc).
         | 
         | If you are mainly constrained by externalities of production /
         | industrialisation one way to maximise the resources available
         | to _you_ is to have fewer other people.
        
           | alexashka wrote:
           | Are you quoting the rationale for China's one child policy?
           | 
           | You misunderstand what the elites do. They _prevent_ change
           | because the status quo has been setup by their parents and
           | grand-parents to benefit them at the expense of everyone else
           | _already_.
           | 
           | They are not agents of change, they are agents of
           | _preventing_ change.
        
             | xyzzy123 wrote:
             | Ok, my definition of "elites" is they are the people who
             | wrest control of the systems that sustain us all and bend
             | them towards extracting value for themselves. They're the
             | people who live up on the hill and extract grain from the
             | peasants at the point of a sword. It's generational.
             | 
             | Peasants are not very productive and you need a lot of
             | them, and you're continually running the risk that they're
             | going to revolt or want a better deal.
             | 
             | Under conditions of wider stability I absolutely agree with
             | you that in general "elites" want to slow or block change.
             | The system is rigged to support them already and change is
             | risky. When there is significant _external_ competition
             | (threat of war or impending social change that would
             | overturn their control), I believe it turns out to be
             | surprising what can be done...
             | 
             | If automation can replace labour as the main productive
             | input, the "masses" and welfare seem largely redundant and
             | significant degrowth might be seen as _preferable_.
             | 
             | I am not claiming this is pre-ordained or a definite
             | outcome, I am saying that this line of reasoning seems
             | plausible to me.
             | 
             | The tipping point would seem to be where the marginal
             | return on investment in capital (automation, AI, machines)
             | exceeds the marginal return on investment in humans (labor,
             | welfare, training, etc.).
        
               | alexashka wrote:
               | Automation replaced labor decades ago.
               | 
               | A 32 hour work week was suggested by USA politicians
               | almost a _century_ ago. Read that again - a century ago.
               | 
               | You're trying to reduce complex human issues to a single
               | metric of input vs output. I struggle to convey why this
               | is um, not smart without being insulting.
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | My working definition of AGI is when humans and robots
               | become roughly fungible.
               | 
               | If you think in these terms they are directly
               | substitutable.
        
           | KPGv2 wrote:
           | If the population shrinks, their capital isn't worth much.
           | Meta, Twitter, etc. all lose value when the user base
           | shrinks, we've literally seen it already. If the population
           | gets smaller by design, naturally this same thing would
           | happen.
           | 
           | Amazon, Uber, owners of apartment complexes, commercial real
           | estate titans, Fox News, etc. What do their powerful
           | owners/managers do? Rupert Murdoch's family doesn't think "if
           | only our viewership dropped by 90% we'd really be doing
           | great!"
           | 
           | Elites are where they are because the current system has
           | benefited them. They wouldn't want to risk that by shaking
           | things up so dramatically.
        
         | mbgerring wrote:
         | I work in the energy industry. Any future containing widespread
         | use of AI will require a hard electrical infrastructure upgrade
         | equivalent to the initial deployment of electricity and phone
         | lines. The intersection of AI and the electrical grid is a hard
         | and as-yet-unsolved problem. Either way, power infrastructure
         | will drive our destiny as much or more than AI.
        
           | taink wrote:
           | Even if we did manage to achieve such an upgrade, we would
           | still have to successfully manage to secure the rare earths
           | required for electronics manufacturing. Extracting and
           | processing these resources is becoming more and more complex.
           | Especially when you consider we would need these resources
           | not only to sustain our current infrastructure, but also to
           | improve it.
        
           | judahmeek wrote:
           | So basically China has the infrastructure & raw materials for
           | properly utilizing AI & America doesn't.
           | 
           | I really wonder if America will wake up because China crushes
           | us under their feet. I kind of doubt it.
           | 
           | We beat the USSR due to their style of government being
           | absolutely terrible. China's form of authoritarianism has
           | proven far more adaptable. Not to mention that America's
           | governance is showing risks of sliding towards corrupt
           | authoritarianism as well. If both forms of government suck
           | from an idealistic perspective, then China's manufacturing,
           | rare earth metals, growing naval capacity, experience in
           | stealing IP, & energy infrastructure seem to give it the
           | advantage.
           | 
           | The only thing that I think that America has going for it
           | right now is possibly control of space through SpaceX.
        
           | derriz wrote:
           | Why? The transmission system is used to span distance to
           | bring energy from large producers to large concentrations of
           | consumers. Traditionally power consumption was concentrated
           | in and around cities while power generation happened away
           | from cities.
           | 
           | Datacenters require relatively few people to operate so do
           | not need to be located in or near population centers. Sites
           | are chosen on this basis - DCs are sited close to generation
           | or significant transmission system nodes
        
         | Yoric wrote:
         | > Most of the technologically unemployed will wake up and do
         | whatever AI tells them to do on a daily basis. Their lives will
         | improve because AI is better than they are naturally at
         | everything. This will lead to some weird outcomes. Especially
         | if AI is not acting in the interest of each individual, but in
         | the interests of the collective. This will cause AI to have to
         | solve trolley problems.
         | 
         | Let's assume one second that AI becomes good enough to do that.
         | 
         | There's still a strong possibility that AI will be a tool
         | acting in the interest of an elite, smaller (a few oligarchs, a
         | single dictator) or larger (a country, a faction, a religion).
        
         | erichocean wrote:
         | > _I 'm thinking that AI,robots and the rise of China_
         | 
         | If AI employees and robots rise, China will fall along with
         | every other human-powered economy.
         | 
         | No human is competitive with an AI employee in cost or
         | efficiency, and the gap (technology is deflationary) will
         | increase every year.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Guys, yes I get it. You're all famous people with books on this
       | and that and all that. But I tell you this with love - get off
       | the Internet. It's radicalizing you into some crazed state. You
       | saw what happened to Elon Musk? It's happening to you.
       | 
       | I know you're surrounded by a bunch of people who tell you "yes,
       | yes, speak truth to power!" and shit like that but this is just
       | an angry blogpost.
       | 
       | Take it easy. Just take a 2 week break from social media. Read a
       | book from the before times and don't go on the Internet. Come
       | back and see if you care.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | I'm not sure I understand how severely this is being
       | misinterpreted. The pivotal year of our times? Post-oil age? The
       | AI bubble being worse than 2008? Starving to death if we don't
       | stop using fossil fuels? Sorry but all of this is incredibly
       | wrong.
       | 
       | First off, the pink elephant in the room: a PV panel is not an
       | energy plan. A PV panel is a cheap way to generate electricity,
       | yes. But there are many, many, many other things you need to take
       | that PV panel and make it a sustainable source of energy on a
       | national scale. Here's a short list: 1) a continuous production
       | source of cheap panels, 2) a continuous demand of cheap panels
       | (supply-demand being one of the reasons they're so cheap, but
       | they also last 12+ years, so there is a built-in economic time-
       | bomb when demand drops off), 3) residential and commercial
       | equipment and processes to send the PV energy to the grid, 4) a
       | grid that can handle it all, 5) enough batteries to store it both
       | overnight and on cloudy days, 6) a cheap source of plentiful
       | batteries (and again the same supply-demand issue), 7) space for
       | the panels, and (though nobody thought this would be an issue,
       | but apparently it is) 8) the political interest in investing in
       | (and not intentionally tanking) the renewable sector. Each of
       | these is a big enough deal that if they don't work out just
       | right, there goes your PV energy plan.
       | 
       | We don't get a more advanced society just because it's possible;
       | someone needs to make a profit off it first. Ideas like "B2B" and
       | "V2G" charging, electric trucking, etc are still a pipe dream
       | because they aren't significantly commercially viable. If it's
       | expensive, doesn't net you an immediate return, and is risky in
       | general, nobody does it. Let's use a very well established
       | example: _Trains_. Extremely cost effective for transportation,
       | but you 'd have to be insane to build or upgrade existing track.
       | 
       | Anyone thinking the world is gonna get off oil or coal isn't
       | aware that USA, the EU, and China, are not the only
       | countries/regions on the globe. There are 6 billion other people
       | on the planet. The vast majority of them are poor and live in
       | poor countries. They can't even afford fucking vaccines, and you
       | think they're all going to develop cutting-edge energy generation
       | and distribution systems? It would take at least 50 years for
       | most developing nations to match developed western nations.
       | 
       | Not only will developing countries stick to oil and coal, the US
       | will certainly see a return to it too. Remember that there is
       | still 3 more years for Trump to find new ways to destroy the
       | renewables sector in the US and alienate us from foreign
       | renewables. Texas benefits from the country being dependent on
       | oil, not panels. Whatever feeds the political monkey wins. And
       | from a national security perspective, it would be impossible to
       | replace our military's vehicles with EV alternatives in any
       | reasonable time frame, so we continue to be dependent on oil for
       | defense. If the military needs it, then we keep making and using
       | it. In many ways, oil (that we can continue to extract in our own
       | borders) is a far more secure energy source than ones that depend
       | on rare materials we might not have in abundance here.
       | 
       | We are not facing an agro threat. We have far more agricultural
       | resources than is needed to feed all our people, even with higher
       | temperatures and less water. We would simply grow fewer livestock
       | and switch from corn to actually nutritional food. Even just
       | tripling the amount of _oats_ we produce (a tiny amount) would
       | provide most of the nutrition we need. We aren 't dependent on
       | foreign countries for ag; we just like the cheap prices. And this
       | is without talking about bioengineered crops or using more
       | northern land for farming. (our country is _fucking huge_ )
       | _Other_ countries will definitely be at risk due to climate
       | change, but we are still rich enough and have enough resources to
       | get along just fine. Everything will be more expensive, and
       | people won 't be happy, but we won't even remotely starve.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | Solar is like 10% of electric production, which is about 20% of
         | energy use.
         | 
         | So if you expect solar to replace most of that, at steady state
         | you probably need more panels per year than are currently being
         | produced. No reason to expect diminishing production to
         | increase costs vs today (they might rise vs the eventual
         | floor).
         | 
         | I agree that we have an enormous calorie surplus that we can
         | turn the knob on.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > which is about 20% of energy use
           | 
           | Electricity is about 3x more efficient than other power
           | sources on most places they are used. So, in reality it's
           | about 50% of the replacement needs. Or, in other words, we
           | have to about double our electricity production to replace
           | everything else.
        
       | arthurofbabylon wrote:
       | I appreciate the themes but find this overly conceptual. We can
       | look at hard figures(+) and see errors in the prophecy. While yes
       | this is a transformative period, I don't believe the author truly
       | identifies the fulcrum; PV cells alone are proven insufficient,
       | so society will need to turn upon many more points than just that
       | one. The essay could be called The Pivots (plural) but then that
       | would be less simple/sensational/optimistic and fall under the
       | category of economics and social sciences.
       | 
       | I appreciate the thrust, however: the unsustainable status quo,
       | corruption, the climate crisis' incredible severity, fragility.
       | "efficiency is the reciprocal of resilience" is a particularly
       | appreciated line.
       | 
       | (+) - Vaclav Smil's work comes to mind.
        
         | mbgerring wrote:
         | Projections of PV cell improvement and deployment by large
         | energy forecasting agencies have been so wrong for so long that
         | it's a well known running joke in the energy industry.
         | 
         | Solar beats projections constantly and has been the cheapest
         | available power source for many (if not all) applications for
         | years already. Cheap, abundant, performant batteries already
         | expand the possible surface area for solar deployment, and we
         | can expect this to continue.
         | 
         | I have a hard time understanding what you mean by "proven
         | insufficient."
        
           | arthurofbabylon wrote:
           | "Proven insufficient" when scoped to the sweeping social
           | changes proposed by the author. PV cells are obviously
           | effective and increasingly so over time, but further
           | efficiency gains will not on their own topple dictatorships
           | or cure diseases.
           | 
           | To summon the vast proposed changes, PV cells' improvements
           | need to be coincided with many other changes: grid
           | development, battery tech, industrial re-tooling, climate
           | policies/institutions, mining/extraction, agricultural
           | methods, production methods... and that's without even
           | discussing culture, which will have to evolve substantially.
           | 
           | It's a nice notion (and totally inline with the existing
           | technocratic sentiment (eg, "more compute!")) that a single
           | lever can just be pulled harder and problems will be
           | magically solved. However, the world is much more complex
           | than that; the complexity cannot be hand-waived away.
        
             | jasonsb wrote:
             | > To summon the vast proposed changes, PV cells'
             | improvements need to be coincided with many other changes:
             | grid development, battery tech, industrial re-tooling,
             | climate policies/institutions, mining/extraction,
             | agricultural methods, production methods... and that's
             | without even discussing culture, which will have to evolve
             | substantially.
             | 
             | What a ridiculous take. PV's are plug and play, you don't
             | have to change anything. The only dependency is storage, so
             | battery tech needs to keep up. However, advancements in
             | battery tech are already progressing at a rate that exceeds
             | the pace of innovation in PV cells.
        
               | arthurofbabylon wrote:
               | Let's use our imagination to overcome some naivety.
               | Imagine for a moment that you just instantly 10x'ed the
               | presence of PVs and tell me what will change. Do you
               | truly believe that you will never encounter a bottleneck?
               | Go on 10x'ing the presence of PVs until you find emerging
               | constraints.
               | 
               | I'm sure that 10x the solar electricity output would
               | substantially incentivize battery development and changes
               | in industrial production, eventually producing major
               | cultural implications. Long before utopia, however, we
               | will encounter other bottlenecks: electrolysis, carbon
               | policy, resource distribution (and other
               | problems/opportunities worthy of attention).
               | 
               | No one here is claiming that PV cells play an
               | insignificant role, or that emergent peripheral
               | challenges will not be met with skill. The claim I am
               | making is that the simple model (more PVs!) is
               | insufficient to address the complex problems human
               | society faces, and that it is naive to believe otherwise.
               | You would never just put your foot on the pedal to drive
               | to your destination; you'll also grasp the steering
               | wheel, reckon with obstacles and roadway laws, etc; but
               | if you have never driven a car before, you might
               | sincerely believe that all it takes is stepping on that
               | pedal.
        
               | jasonsb wrote:
               | > but if you have never driven a car before, you might
               | sincerely believe that all it takes is stepping on that
               | pedal.
               | 
               | This is not a fair comparison. Installing a PV system
               | with battery storage on my residential or commercial
               | property has minimal societal impact, especially when
               | compared to something like owning a car. I generate and
               | consume my own electricity in a largely self-contained
               | system.
               | 
               | The primary benefit to society is indirect but
               | meaningful: I reduce my reliance on fossil fuels and draw
               | less power from the grid. This eases demand on shared
               | infrastructure and contributes (modestly) to lower
               | emissions.
               | 
               | Importantly, I continue to pay all applicable taxes and
               | fees, so public services and infrastructure investments
               | (like grid upgrades or transmission lines) remain
               | unaffected. My pursuit of energy self-sufficiency doesn't
               | impose new burdens on society; if anything, it lightens
               | the collective load.
        
               | arthurofbabylon wrote:
               | I don't think you understand my argument. The point is
               | not whether or not solar electricity generation is good
               | or bad (it is obviously very favorable). The point I am
               | making is that it is unhelpful to collapse complexity
               | into a simplistic model.
               | 
               | Your discussion on owning battery + PV is illustrative.
               | You are not in a vacuum and certainly are in relationship
               | with the broader world: you paid for the system, you
               | maintain it, you stopped buying something, you inspired
               | your neighbors, you lowered the costs for your neighbors
               | to implement a similar system, you reduced your and your
               | countrymen's geopolitical dependencies, you may have
               | saved some money you can spend elsewhere, you probably
               | developed a working understanding of electricity in
               | homes, your neighbors probably developed a better working
               | understanding of electricity in homes, you are now less
               | liable to extortion/persuasion from fossil fuel
               | companies, you're now more likely to own an EV and reduce
               | urban pollution. The entire point is that you exist in
               | relationship; that is what makes it powerful. Had you
               | simply implemented the PV system + battery without these
               | second order effects (and only gained access to
               | more/cheaper energy) you would have considerably less
               | positive impact. The complex model is the correct working
               | model that describes far more of the dynamics than the
               | simplistic model.
               | 
               | My original point: belief in a single fulcrum when
               | describing societal evolution is flatly misleading.
               | 
               | The metaphor of driving a car is not in opposition to
               | solar; you misunderstood it. The point is, again, that
               | the simple model is insufficient for effectively
               | operating in the world.
        
               | childintime wrote:
               | Now, why would you have to make this point, as it's close
               | to a tautology? It's likely because we have a lever and
               | don't use it. In that framing your point gets lost,
               | because it doesn't address any issue. So there is a
               | superfluousness at play that suggests this is
               | disinformation, intended to derail the impetus for
               | change. So I guess you need to elaborate and present a
               | synthesis, perhaps mention alternate levers, instead of
               | downplaying the one that's obvious? I don't see any other
               | significant levers, RethinkX says PV + battery are
               | sufficient for virtually anywhere in the world. Grid
               | demands should lessen over time as local generation comes
               | online. The grid becomes a overnight backup charging
               | method.
        
               | arthurofbabylon wrote:
               | Let's upgrade our intellectual rigor here. Do you
               | sincerely believe that "PV + battery are sufficient for
               | virtually anywhere in the world" even when it comes to
               | viral disease, dictatorships and warfare, chemical
               | pollution, deforestation, social epidemics (eg, drugs,
               | social media), housing crises, food deserts, famine, etc?
               | 
               | You might be only considering the energy transition, but
               | it is not as if the original author was strictly speaking
               | of that topic, or as if that is all that matters for
               | humanity on earth.
               | 
               | "I don't see any other significant levers," you say? Read
               | from history: how about the great liberalizing effect of
               | the Christian marriage and family policy that broke down
               | filial kin networks and paved the way for markets,
               | universities, and democracies by way of fostering
               | impersonal trust? How about the smallpox vaccine? How
               | about the incredible rise in population and economic
               | activity upon the introduction of potatoes to Europe? How
               | about the invention of ammonium-based fertilizers? This
               | one will rankle some feathers: how about the incredible
               | geopolitical twist and - yes - reduction in atmospheric
               | carbon introduced by the development of fracking
               | (enabling the transition away from coal)? How about the
               | civil rights movement in the United States? The invention
               | of nuclear weapons? Metallurgy? Chemistry? The shipping
               | container? Large language models? Look around and you
               | will see fulcrums everywhere.
               | 
               | Literally look around you, wherever you sit right now,
               | and just consider the vast number of twists and turns
               | that led to the current circumstance. Then imagine
               | someone 500 years ago in Beijing saying something as
               | foolish as, "we just need more movable-type printing,
               | yeah, that will protect us from the Northern invaders,
               | that will completely solve deforestation, that will
               | protect us from famine... Hey you farmer over there, stop
               | farming! We have movable-type printing! We're good, we
               | just need more of it!"
               | 
               | The simplistic model is very appealing; it is easy to
               | wrap your mind around it, it is easy to communicate via
               | viral essay, it is easy to develop optimism upon it. But
               | it is not a working model. It is just too simple and
               | incomplete. The various fulcrums I pulled out of my
               | imagination above all worked because the world was
               | complex. The people who invented and developed those
               | fulcrums were effective because they embraced a complex
               | model. They made the intellectually rigorous choice to
               | reject naive simplicity when others tried to thrust it
               | upon them.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Go on 10x'ing the presence of PVs until you find
               | emerging constraints.
               | 
               | While true, I think it's fair to make certain guesses
               | about other tech also being developed (such as, as you
               | mentioned, batteries).
               | 
               | Even if they did not exist, constraints lead to
               | conflicts, and conflicts can lead to exchanges of power.
               | 
               | (Different topic but same idea, constraint and conflict:
               | when it comes to the never-ending battle of encryption, I
               | do not see how to square the unstoppable force of
               | "unbreakable encryption is very easy to make and vitally
               | important to the use of the internet" with the immovable
               | object that is "no state can survive when conspiracies
               | are opaque to investigations and prosecutions").
        
         | axus wrote:
         | China seems happy with the Power of Siberia pipeline and wants
         | another: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_gas_pipeline
         | Credit to those countries for not fighting each other, by the
         | way!
         | 
         | So I agree, we can have all of the above: expansion of solar
         | power, expansion of EVs and batteries, continued growth of
         | fossil fuels, and climate disaster.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Well, to the extent that you accept that the current world
         | organization is caused by oil, then yeah, PV is sufficient to
         | reorganize it.
         | 
         | Some people just push that extent to a surreal level, implying
         | worldwide conspiracies and etc. But the reverse is also true,
         | some people dismiss it to a ridiculous level. Energy is the
         | most fundamental constraint in our society, and a lot of
         | seemingly independent things turn out to be caused by it when
         | you look.
         | 
         | Anyway, from your list, the climate crisis is an obvious one
         | that comes directly from energy. Energy centralization is also
         | a boost for corruption, but the strength of that one is highly
         | debatable.
        
       | kragen wrote:
       | It's worth thinking about past unprecedented humanity-wide energy
       | transitions to get a taste of what might be in store.
       | 
       | Stross mentions the combustion engine revolution, which brought
       | us urbanization, made democracy widespread (virtually eliminating
       | monarchy), created the urban proletariat, ended slavery, made
       | humans literally fly, lit the cities at night, obliterated most
       | of the world's cultures through colonialism, created company
       | towns where you got deeper in debt the longer you worked, etc.
       | 
       | The previous similar event was the Neolithic Revolution in which
       | settled agriculture began, which probably brought us monarchy,
       | cities, literacy, metallurgy, slavery, malnutrition on a scale
       | previously unimaginable, and virtually everything we think of as
       | traditional. (But not pottery. Pottery is much older; it just
       | hadn't yet spread to where people were inventing agriculture.)
       | 
       | This time will be a bigger change, I think. The amount of energy
       | available from the sun is much larger than what people use today,
       | perhaps 7000x even at Earth's surface. This is now cheap to use.
       | Many things that have always been inconceivable are now feasible.
       | Someone is going to fease a lot of them now even if I wish they
       | wouldn't.
       | 
       | Quibble: China's solar panels are not thin-film.
        
         | zhivota wrote:
         | The way you describe the transition events elides the
         | incredible instability that people living through them
         | experienced (wars, revolutions, famines, etc.), which I think
         | is what Stross is getting at here, and ultimately is probably
         | right about.
         | 
         | Will things end up better? Maybe, and based on history you
         | could even make a case for "probably", but will it be better
         | for _us_, the ones alive _right now_? Again, based on history,
         | almost certainly not.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | Possibly you read an early version of the comment before I
           | edited it.
        
           | csomar wrote:
           | I think what you are saying is that it would be great to live
           | _after_ the French revolution happened and settled, good
           | enough to live _before_ the revolution happens; and the worst
           | is during the revolution?
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | all of those things were also very common outside of energy
           | transitions until about the last century.
           | 
           | for all of its faults, one thing the globalized system has
           | allowed is that it makes relieving famine _possible_ by
           | shipping food from other parts of the globe.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Yes, famines were unavoidable before the steam-engine;
             | since then they have become purely politically produced.
        
         | _heimdall wrote:
         | > ended slavery
         | 
         | We (mostly) ended _human_ slavery, but I don 't think its
         | accurate to say we ended slavery in general.
         | 
         | Oil gave us a reason to stop enslaving humans for labor - a
         | single barrel of oil equates to the amount of work a human can
         | do working 8 hours a day for roughly a decade.
         | 
         | We didn't stop slavery all together, we found a more efficient
         | target of our enslavement. We'll do the same with AI (or at
         | least we'll try), should actual artificial intelligence exist.
        
           | Fricken wrote:
           | We didn't end slavery at all. There are more slaves now than
           | ever.
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/slavery/modern/modern_1.shtml
        
             | perihelions wrote:
             | Ironically for the parent's thesis (cheap energy replacing
             | human slave labor), one of the major objects of modern
             | slavery is... the manufacturing of solar panels,
             | 
             | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/01/business/economy/solar-
             | xi... ( _" Solar Supply Chain Grows More Opaque Amid Human
             | Rights Concerns / The global industry is cutting some ties
             | to China, but its exposure to forced labor remains high and
             | companies are less transparent, a new report found"_)
             | 
             | https://www.csis.org/analysis/dark-spot-solar-energy-
             | industr... ( _" A Dark Spot for the Solar Energy Industry:
             | Forced Labor in Xinjiang"_)
             | 
             | (Maybe there's some kind of evil Jevons Paradox for
             | slavery, where the automation of human labor
             | counterintuitively _increases_ total slavery; i.e. the
             | technologically-augmented effectiveness of slave labor
             | increases the value of slaves).
        
           | ctoth wrote:
           | Wait, are you saying we ... enslaved oil? Type Error! I'm
           | reading that wrong, right?
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | I'd never done that calculation, but that's about right;
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrel_of_oil_equivalent is 6
           | gigajoules:                   You have: 6 gigajoules / 10
           | years (8 hours/day)         You want: W          * 57.039776
           | / 0.017531626
           | 
           | That's at least in the ballpark.
           | 
           | I think that from a moral point of view it's accurate to say
           | that we ended slavery in general, or at least mostly ended
           | it. Energy slaves made of barrels of oil or solar panels
           | don't involve the same suffering and cruelty that human
           | slavery does.
        
         | ciconia wrote:
         | Strictly speaking there's never been an energy transition in
         | the sense of replacing one source of energy with another.
         | Instead, the different sources of energy have been piling on
         | top of each other. [1]
         | 
         | So while PV is growing at an unprecedented pace, it still
         | represents only 2-3% of total energy production. About 75%
         | still comes from fossil fuel. Today we burn more fossil fuels
         | (and incidentally more wood) than ever before in human history.
         | So the term "energy transition" is inaccurate at best.
         | 
         | [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-energy-
         | substitutio...
        
           | kibwen wrote:
           | _> there 's never been an energy transition in the sense of
           | replacing one source of energy with another_
           | 
           | We have. This is thinking too narrowly about energy as
           | "driving a turbine" rather than doing work in general.
           | Horses, oxen, and other beasts of burden have been almost
           | completely marginalized in our modern economy. The same could
           | certainly happen to steam-powered turbines (coal, gas,
           | nuclear, etc) if the economics end up working out that way.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | Also, human slaves have been almost completely marginalized
             | even thought they were the main source of mechanical energy
             | in ancient Rome.
        
             | m4rtink wrote:
             | Yeah, even old water mills - while the weirs and water
             | supply channels might still stand, the water wheels are
             | long gone, with a few exception not worth replacing by a
             | modern small water turbine generating electricity.
             | 
             | It is simply not economical to exploit this (originally
             | critical) source of power as its is so small in absolute
             | numbers compared to all the necessary maintenance.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | A few years back I visited an old water mill called
               | Itaipu. It has forty water wheels still in operation,
               | providing a total of 14 gigawatts peak. At the time I
               | visited, one of the water wheels was providing 95% of
               | Paraguay's electricity, and the other 39 were providing
               | 25% of Brazil's electricity. It turns 50 years old next
               | year. In 02020 its average production was 8.7 gigawatts.
               | They did have to replace one of the water wheels a few
               | years after I visited:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thcIrM31tZ4
               | 
               | Brazil uses more electricity now, some 80 gigawatts, so
               | this one water mill only produces about 10% of it now.
               | 
               | It is true that many older water mills are no longer in
               | use, though. Maybe 50 years to you is not old!
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | > the combustion engine revolution, which brought us
         | urbanization, made democracy widespread (virtually eliminating
         | monarchy), created the urban proletariat, ended slavery, made
         | humans literally fly, lit the cities at night, obliterated most
         | of the world's cultures through colonialism
         | 
         | Almost none of this really tracks. ICE => democracy? I don't
         | see the link. Most of the things you speak of came with the
         | industrial revolution, not with oil.
        
           | kragen wrote:
           | You seem to have misinterpreted what I was saying, possibly
           | due to being unfamiliar with the terminology. It was Watt's
           | external combustion engine that brought the industrial
           | revolution and made democracy widespread, not the internal
           | combustion engine.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | Ahh, I misunderstood. Thanks for clarifying!
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | No problem!
        
       | zhivota wrote:
       | I was nodding along until the bashing of neoliberalism, which I
       | believe to be unfounded left-woo essentially.
       | 
       | If we were to apply neoliberalism a bit more in the present
       | moment, we may be much better off, but that's not what the
       | current trend is anyway. We're currently experimenting with some
       | unholy mix of populism and authoritarianism which has basically
       | no predictable endpoint, because it's just based on the whims of
       | one man (in each respective country doing this at the moment).
       | 
       | Also the view of climate change as primarily being about
       | photosynthesis is laughably myopic... he does acknowledge weather
       | instability as being an issue as well, but it's that and sea
       | level rise which really seems to be poised to disrupt the current
       | iteration of civilization.
        
         | _def wrote:
         | Currently to me it seems that neoliberalism is exactly the
         | mechanic that enables that populism and authoritarianism - is
         | this the connection you see as unfounded? (I am genuinely
         | asking, to understand your point of view)
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | I'll take a stab at it very quickly--
           | 
           | The subsidies for green energy in the Inflation Reduction Act
           | targeted a lot of red/purple states. So you get a burgeoning
           | battery industry going in Georgia, solar and wind in Arizona
           | and Texas, and so forth.
           | 
           | A Harris presidency would have beefed up those programs for
           | another 4 years. So if you got a Trumpism in 2028, that green
           | energy sector of the economy would have an 8-year head start.
           | Republicans would either have to battle a much more powerful
           | green energy lobby or figure out how to do green Trumpism.
           | Either would be a substantial hurdle. So if you're not in
           | favor of having a random number generator in charge at the
           | White House, you'd probably agree we'd be better off with the
           | neoliberalism.
           | 
           | As to "much better off," I'm going to need to hear more
           | substance from OP to believe that. Harris didn't have an
           | anti-monopolist stance, and I see no reason to think that
           | state/corporate surveillance-tech and cryptobros bullshit
           | would have been curtailed in any meaningful sense. And
           | someone who is currently relying on Klarna to pay for
           | groceries now would not exactly be thriving at the end of a
           | first Harris term.
        
       | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
       | > the American Puritan Empire project failed, therefore the world
       | is literally ending
       | 
       | Actually, no. It's healing. :)
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | There's this "now that I'm exiting, you're all fucked" phenomenon
       | that exists among older folks. Perhaps a result of optimism
       | waning at the end of a life. I'm not young. But I guess I'm more
       | optimistic than this.
        
         | gman83 wrote:
         | I see a lot of pessimism amongst young people. Mainly related
         | to having spent years preparing to enter the job market and
         | suddenly finding out their skill set is soon to be obsolete.
        
       | jmward01 wrote:
       | I can agree this may be a (the?) pivot year, but I don't think it
       | is energy. It is everything. It seems weird to say the death of
       | fossil fuels is 'not that big of a deal compared to...' but when
       | it was only a minor news story that life on ancient Mars is a
       | growing probability, all the political, well, everything, is
       | beginning to look like the norm and I just spent the day talking
       | to an AI to help me code. Well, the death of fossil fuels just
       | seems like it is maybe only a top 10 story of this decade.
        
         | jbeninger wrote:
         | I think the point though is it's not a "story". It's a
         | fundamental shift. The shift is subtle and doesn't lend itself
         | to sensationalism.
         | 
         | Entire countries have built their clout on fossil fuels. Wars
         | have been fought. Now any country with a sufficient
         | manufacturing base can be energy independent. And the resource
         | is less controllable by a small group of people.
         | 
         | AI and geopolitics and everything else is huge right now, but
         | they're being bent to the will of the current world order. The
         | article is saying that that world order is going to change.
        
       | kzrdude wrote:
       | Refreshing with an actual blog. However, I found one problem: The
       | atom feed doesn't parse, so I can't add it to my RSS reader.
        
       | xg15 wrote:
       | > _All of this is without tackling the other elephant in the
       | room, which is the end of Moore 's Law. Moore's Law has been on
       | its death bed for over a decade now. We're seeing only limited
       | improvements in computing and storage performance, mainly from
       | parallelism._
       | 
       | > _(it 's one of those goddamn bubbles: to the limited extent
       | that LLMs are useful, we'll inevitably see a shift towards using
       | pre-trained models running on local hardware)_
       | 
       | I don't completely disagree with his main theses, but this part
       | seems contradictory. You cannot state at the same time that
       | Moore's law is over - so the compute capacity of consumer PC will
       | roughly stay the same from now on - but also that we will all
       | just casually run GPT-5 locally on those same PCs in the future
       | and therefore the data center buildout is a waste of money.
       | 
       | (I also think it's a bubble, but more because there might be a
       | lack of demand, not because some technological miracle might make
       | all the infrastructure obsolete)
        
         | Jedd wrote:
         | Doubling capability every 18 months while halving in price, is
         | not the opposite of 'compute capacity staying roughly the same
         | from now on'.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | It seems improbable to me that energy experiences a sharp pivot.
       | 
       | Takes time to replace fossil fuel gear with electric - it's by
       | necessity a progressive transition. Doesn't just flip like a
       | switch.
       | 
       | Still...if it happens over a couple years that would still be
       | pretty sharp
        
       | gurjeet wrote:
       | It's easy to be swayed by the latest thing you read. Can someone
       | please recommend an opinion or book that counters this doom-and-
       | gloom view of the world future presented here. I'm not
       | insinuating that this view is wrong, just that I need something
       | to balance out this negative view of our current and future
       | state.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | Not to put too fine a point on it, but as a species we have
         | basically stopped writing fiction that presents an optimistic
         | outlook of the future. The solarpunk genre is the best we can
         | do these days, which is to say, the best that humanity can
         | possibly collectively imagine in the present era is stridently
         | coping with the collapse as best we can. The center cannot
         | hold. (More solarpunk would still be welcome, though.)
        
         | klelatti wrote:
         | You might enjoy the Incautious Optimism Substack. Recent
         | articles are paid but earlier ones are free and it's full of
         | fascinating technologies with an optimistic flavour.
         | 
         | https://jordanwtaylor2.substack.com/
        
         | cbility wrote:
         | The view I hold is that, as bad as the situation is, it's not
         | hopeless and there is a lot that can be done that will make the
         | situation better. "All we can save". I've heard it said in the
         | context of the polycrisis that understanding leads to grief,
         | which leads to action which leads to (solidly founded) hope.
         | 
         | People (and so societies) are hard-wired to be loss averse,
         | which means the facts about what is at stake are more effective
         | drivers of action than the promises of techno-optimism.
         | 
         | Not saying that there are not good optimistic views out there,
         | just that I personally find a realistic view renders many of
         | them quite flat. I think embracing false hope leaves us with a
         | myopic lens through which to frame decisions and probably
         | underprepared to deal with the future.
         | 
         | I find https://polycrisis.org/library/ to be a good resource.
         | Also Nate Hagens podcast.
        
       | tim333 wrote:
       | The post starts good but wanders into some questionable
       | deductions. It makes sense that the guy's a fiction writer as I
       | guess that's what you do in fiction - start from where we are and
       | then let your imagination come up with things.
       | 
       | The first point he loses me a little is mid paragraph four:
       | 
       | >and the insecurity-induced radicalization--is due to an
       | unprecedented civilizational energy transition
       | 
       | I buy insecurity but most of it seems due to globalization,
       | concentration of money in the 1% and big tech. Like in America a
       | lot of blue collar workers got laid off and short of money when
       | the production moved to China and aren't going to get jobs at
       | Google. But none of that is due to an 'energy transition'. I put
       | that in quotes as the world is using more fossil fuel than ever
       | but adding on some solar too.
        
       | foobarbecue wrote:
       | I love Stross' fiction, but found this post unconvincing.
       | 
       | His Ehrlichian claim that that "if [the fossil fuel economy]
       | doesn't stop we're all going to starve to death within a
       | generation or so" is laughable.
       | 
       | Solar is great, but I don't believe that access to energy is the
       | limiting factor when it comes to the major issues of today.
       | 
       | The article seemed to contend that 2025 in particular is special.
       | If this year will go down in history for anything (which I doubt
       | it will -- felt like a continuation of trends to me), it might be
       | the beginning of fascism in the USA. Stross alludes to that but
       | doesn't focus on it.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | "The engine that powered the tech venture capital culture (and
       | the private equity system battening on it) is sputtering and
       | dying."
        
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