[HN Gopher] The Wi-Fi Revolution (2003)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Wi-Fi Revolution (2003)
        
       Author : Cieplak
       Score  : 93 points
       Date   : 2025-10-12 07:35 UTC (6 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wired.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wired.com)
        
       | Waraqa wrote:
       | I still remember the shock when my father told me he had
       | connected his laptop to the internet without a cable. I'd heard
       | of wireless networking but didn't know it was a standard feature
       | in laptops at the time and all you need is to find a wifi point.
        
       | Waraqa wrote:
       | https://archive.is/8tLce
        
       | qingcharles wrote:
       | It really was revolutionary. Surprisingly the biggest target
       | market for WiFi ended up being phones, which already have a
       | wireless connection to the Internet.
       | 
       | 2003 WiFi was routinely awful, though. Generally unstable, poor
       | compatibility and lousy range. A lot better now, but still could
       | be easier for non-techs.
        
         | carbocation wrote:
         | Biggest market agreed. But relative impact on utility of
         | laptops seems enormous.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Certainly before every electronic device on WiFi became
           | ubiquitous.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Also unsecure. I remember driving around looking for Wi-Fi to
         | steal internet from, I routinely found network shares full of
         | sensitive documents. And I only looked for open WiFi and wasn't
         | even trying to hack anything.
         | 
         | If I actually wanted to hack into networks, encrypted WiFi used
         | WEP which could be cracked in minutes on a typical laptop. Most
         | communication was unencrypted too, pwning entire WiFi networks
         | wasn't even fun considering how easy it was.
        
           | qingcharles wrote:
           | Yikes. I forgot you could get free WiFi practically anywhere
           | you could get a signal because everyone's WiFi was open or
           | easy to hack.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | I miss when free wifi was everywhere. When I was traveling
             | Italy my phone seemed to almost never have signal despite
             | paying for roaming data. And I couldn't find free wifi
             | anywhere. The few places that did have it like mcdonalds
             | wanted me to authenticate with sms which wasn't working
             | since I had no phone signal.
             | 
             | Used to be that every cafe and business just had an open
             | wifi network. Now if they provide it at all it's password
             | protected
        
               | bonoboTP wrote:
               | Part of the general decrease of trust.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Or just greater awareness of possible bad outcomes if you
               | just leave your WiFi open.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I think it is more correct to say open wifi made it easier to
           | connect to otherwise already insecure systems. After all,
           | anybody in the house with an Ethernet cable could get those
           | sensitive documents, right? Open wifi just expected users to
           | actually follow the mantra of the time: don't trust the
           | infrastructure!
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _Also unsecure._
           | 
           | One of my early IT jobs in the 2000s was at a SME with Wifi:
           | after you connected radio-wise, you had to start the VPN
           | client, because at the time there really wasn't any
           | (effective) encryption of the signal in 802.11 itself.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | In the early 2000s hotels also still routinely charged for
           | WiFi. But someplace like NY, you could usually find an open
           | ssid within range. But, yes, in that period many WiFi
           | transmissions didn't have a password.
        
             | qingcharles wrote:
             | God yeah, every time I stayed at a hotel I prayed that
             | there was a business next door with open WiFi so I wouldn't
             | have to pay $30/night.
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | I had 2005 wifi with 56k dial-up, so even at the wifi's worse I
         | could sustain my full internet speed.
        
         | mumber_typhoon wrote:
         | >the biggest target market for WiFi ended up being phones
         | 
         | If a particular category is considered then yes, phones are the
         | biggest chunk. But virtually every device these days comes with
         | WiFi. So wifi is now the default method of connecting
         | something.
        
         | lloeki wrote:
         | Interestingly, I see an increasing number of young-ish people
         | that simply skip "landline" ISPs (hence WiFi) entirely and only
         | use their phone.
         | 
         | Mostly because around here you can have 100GB over 5G for less
         | than 10EUR + they mostly don't use computers (a.k.a laptops)
         | except for a) school (where they have free WiFi+Internet) and
         | b) binge-watching the occasional Netflix (and then they use
         | connection sharing)
         | 
         | Their first move upon setting up a new phone is to disable
         | Bluetooth+WiFi to, uh, "save battery" (their cargo-cult answer,
         | every single time)
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | That is increasingly true and will only get more mainstream
           | as times comes by. Why pay for Home WiFi. ( Internet ) when
           | you have 5G / Mobile Data. 5GSA will further increase Mobile
           | network capacity, and mobile network will be all you need.
           | MNOs will specially those without cable / fibre to home
           | infrastructure are already promoting 5G home solution as
           | replacement.
        
           | lozenge wrote:
           | This has also happened for entire countries.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | Remember the Steve Jobs presentation where he put an iBook
       | through a hula hoop to prove there are no cables? Classic
        
       | davisr wrote:
       | And the FCC just so happened to approve the spectrum of
       | frequencies that human bodies absorb, turning each Wi-Fi hotspot
       | into surveillance spotlight, and each handheld device into a
       | unique beacon. With everything we know about NSA's influence in
       | other government agencies (like NIST), I think it's entirely
       | reasonable to ask, "why 2.4 GHz?" But I've not seen anyone ask
       | that question here. I'd also wonder whether NRO has satellite
       | capability to measure Wi-Fi signals (and interference from human
       | bodies) from orbit.
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | Less conspiratorially, Wired themselves have an article about
         | that: https://www.wired.com/2010/09/wireless-explainer/
         | 
         | TL;DR because the FCC regulates available frequency bands, and
         | 900MHz, 2.4GHz, and 5GHz were the ones that were 1) the right
         | combination of high enough to be fast and low enough to be
         | energy efficient and easy to generate, and 2) actually
         | available for use at the time.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | 2.4GHz was used for microwave ovens and thus the spectrum was
         | reserved for their interference. Or rather, the spectrum was
         | made free for low power uses because Serious Business couldn't
         | be done on those frequencies due to the microwave ovens.
        
           | davisr wrote:
           | While that provides a plausible origin story, it doesn't
           | stand to reason why the 2.4 GHz carrier frequency has been
           | sustained for so long. For toy or prototype purposes, sure,
           | the FCC could say "put them next to the microwave ovens." But
           | Wi-Fi is, at this point, a critical national security
           | utility, or even as you put it yourself, "serious business."
           | 
           | I'm not a radio engineer, but it doesn't take that many brain
           | cells to beg the question: for a handheld/laptop device, why
           | choose a carrier wave frequency absorbed by the body holding
           | it, and by the metallic electronics sitting beside it?
           | Logically, that's one of the most energy-inefficient
           | frequencies one could choose, and a terrible design choice
           | for personal wireless communication technology. I think a
           | good engineer would want to conserve power and not be blocked
           | by the very body holding it.
           | 
           | However, as the future unfolded, we now have nearly every
           | household with a bright radiant point light casting human-
           | shaped shadows, trivially reconstructed, to detect not only
           | the body's silhouette but it's heartbeat and respiration,
           | too.
           | 
           | And with everything we know, with leaks going back decades
           | about the abuses of government power, surveilling their own
           | citizenry, recording, analyzing, and manipulating the
           | population in subtle ways, resulting in the financial
           | benefactor of a handful of billionaires and the power
           | benefactor of media-savvy pawns, why are these basic
           | technological choices not being questioned more?
           | 
           | (mastax, I'm replying to you because you're top reply, but
           | felt it important to continue my original point.)
        
         | CursedSilicon wrote:
         | Unfortunately in the real world, truth is far less interesting
         | than fantasy
        
       | xzjis wrote:
       | > Like other open spectrum technologies rising in its wake, Wi-Fi
       | is a way to use the handful of frequencies set aside for
       | unrestricted consumer use. That's true of the old CB radio, too,
       | but unlike the trucker channels Wi-Fi is digital and smart enough
       | to avoid congestion. After 100 years of regulations that assumed
       | serious wireless technologies were fragile and in need of
       | protection by monopolies on exclusive frequencies (making
       | spectrum the most valuable commodity of the information age), Wi-
       | Fi is fully capable of protecting itself.
       | 
       | It's true that, unlike other wireless transmission technologies,
       | Wi-Fi allows any company to make a product that can transmit or
       | receive on all frequency bands authorized by a country, whereas
       | for mobile networks, for example, each operator acquires
       | exclusive rights to a frequency band.
       | 
       | That shows that open standards work well and enable healthy
       | competition.
        
       | dkarl wrote:
       | Side note, it's interesting how common it is for tech-savvy
       | people to wire their homes for ethernet (more common now than
       | 10-15 years ago) and how it is still common, or at least not
       | rare, for people reliant on wi-fi to suffer from video streaming
       | issues. The underlying technology keeps getting better, so maybe
       | the improvements will outpace the growth in congestion at some
       | point -- fingers crossed that makers of apps and household
       | appliances don't eat up all future gains and keep us stuck in the
       | same place.
        
         | BobbyTables2 wrote:
         | I would love for a single AP to serve 500mbps throughout a
         | whole house.
         | 
         | Though I would certainly not have complained about 50-100mbps
         | throughout in 2003 -- 1GBps wired networking was not mainstream
         | then.
        
           | dmd wrote:
           | My tp-link ax6000 does that just fine.
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | Oh, how I wish. I have 3 Firewalla AP7s to get decent
             | coverage through my house. Its lath and plaster walls may
             | as well be lead lined. You could put a CT scanner in my
             | living room and not notice a thing 2 rooms away.
        
               | kjellsbells wrote:
               | Lath and plaster walls have a distressing tendency to be
               | lined with chicken wire mesh which really damages your
               | chances of any radio signal getting through.
               | 
               | Pictures for anyone wondering what it looks like:
               | 
               | https://www.civilengineermag.com/chicken-mesh-for-
               | plaster/
               | 
               | Wired wifi mesh or Ethernet all over would be my
               | prescription. You basically have Faraday cages in every
               | room right now!
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | I've strung CAT 6e from one end of the house to the other
               | to link 2 of them. The 3rd's in a place not amenable to
               | cabling without way more effort than I'm up for, but it's
               | close enough to one of them that they mesh alright.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Ethernet/fiber is far better in that scenario. You may
               | even have better luck using existing coax and moca
               | adapters than wifi in those scenarios.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | Is congestion still an issue? Seems to me like after the switch
         | from 2.4ghz to 5ghz, congestion stopped being a problem since
         | wifi hardly leaves your own home. Amusingly, in my apartment
         | sitting on the balcony, shutting the glass door would cause a
         | total loss of connection, while leaving it open resulted in a
         | very strong connection.
         | 
         | The future is probably just having multiple wifi APs wired up
         | and then just running extremely fast but low range wifi.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | > The future is probably just having multiple wifi APs wired
           | up and then just running extremely fast but low range wifi.
           | 
           | Well, what if you want wifi in your garden? Maybe you own a
           | few acres of property and you want wifi for a wedding? Now
           | you actually have to do a minor bit of planning. Supported
           | wifi versions, max EIRP, range, modulation rate, throughput,
           | XPIC, coverage area, frequency, beamwidth, MU-MIMO, does the
           | frequency require prior coordination with any government
           | entity, etc.
           | 
           | I'm just giving a different use-case on the other end of the
           | spectrum, to be fair. I agree 100% with your analysis
           | however, we're going to mmwave frequency ranges with small
           | but many APs. Massive Multi User MIMO, etc.
        
           | mvkg wrote:
           | 5GHz certainly helps, but congestion/co-channel interference
           | can still be an issue in high density environments,
           | especially in a multi-user environment like an apartment
           | complex where nothing is coordinated. The addition of 6GHz
           | will help alleviate this problem too, but a lot of consumer
           | gear seems to default to the widest channels possible.
           | 
           | Also, your glass door probably has Low-E glass which has a
           | metallic coating.
           | 
           | > The future is probably just having multiple wifi APs wired
           | up and then just running extremely fast but low range wifi.
           | 
           | This is somewhat the case, but it is limited. For example, in
           | 5GHz there are 21x 20MHz channels available. In a highly
           | dense environment, this can support roughly 30x devices per
           | channel well and 50x devices per channel with some
           | degradation.
           | 
           | Limiting the TX power on an AP can help, but it's not a
           | panacea since clients always transmit their control frames at
           | their default power (usually ~15dBm). There have been some
           | improvements to this in .11ax, but depending on the spatial
           | organization of the devices, it can only do so much.
        
           | Marsymars wrote:
           | It's not like everything has moved off 2.4ghz - I'm in a SFH
           | in a relatively low-density suburb and everything in my house
           | that can be wired is, but I still typically see ~50%
           | congestion on the 2.4ghz radios.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | Yeah I just had a look and I'm seeing a reasonable amount
             | of interference on 2.4ghz, very little on 5ghz, and then
             | nothing at all on 6ghz.
             | 
             | My guess is people with large houses and only one wifi AP
             | are probably using 2.4 when their devices are out of range
             | for 5. But other people doing this probably doesn't impact
             | you at all since you can just make sure you have good
             | coverage for 5ghz and enjoy uncongested wifi.
        
       | cortesoft wrote:
       | I still find it strange how people use the word "WiFi" to mean
       | internet. For so many young people today, WiFi IS the internet.
       | They have never plugged in an Ethernet cable in their life.
       | 
       | I still get frustrated by WiFi, though, and never use it for my
       | computers unless I had no choice. So many devices these days, the
       | performance is still subpar. Packet loss on the best connections
       | cause so many performance degradations.
        
         | oskarkk wrote:
         | > I still find it strange how people use the word "WiFi" to
         | mean internet. For so many young people today, WiFi IS the
         | internet.
         | 
         | I don't think that's the case, people don't call mobile
         | internet "WiFi". In their minds "WiFi" probably means "home
         | internet", so it's more like they call LAN "WiFi", because they
         | have never used cable connection.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | Yeah, that's true. I even thought about that when I was
           | typing my comment but wasn't sure the best way to articulate
           | the difference, but I think you are right with it being about
           | home internet vs cellular.
           | 
           | Although I really think it is just used to mean "non-phone
           | based internet", rather than just home internet.
        
             | bonoboTP wrote:
             | It means Internet where your monthly data cap is not
             | consumed.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | Haha, yeah right. American ISPs got jealous of Australian
               | ones I guess, because most have caps now. With my gigabit
               | connection I have a 1.25TB cap, so I can technically burn
               | the whole month allowance in 2.77 hours. Yay "broadband"!
        
           | zenoprax wrote:
           | I think if you're not "on Wifi" then you're "on data" (or
           | perhaps "on 5G" if it's a social status thing). If one were
           | to connect via Starlink then it would still be correct to say
           | you were on Wifi I think but if you could hook up ethernet
           | directly... I think most of us would say you're now "on
           | satellite"?
           | 
           | I didn't even consider that the newest iPhones can connect to
           | satellites _directly_.
        
           | sekh60 wrote:
           | I have a friend who, no matter how many times I have
           | explained it, calls her Internet connection WiFi. I was
           | really confused at first when she said she pays for Wi-Fi.
           | She's 27.
        
             | k1t wrote:
             | She's not alone - here's an example (from today!) of an HN
             | user using WiFi to mean cellular/mobile data
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45620379
        
             | rossant wrote:
             | My mother too. She can't understand how she can access the
             | internet anywhere in nature if there's no wifi.
        
             | encom wrote:
             | And they used to say kids were good with computers. I think
             | if you graph computer illiteracy vs. year of birth, people
             | who were born around the 80's are in the bottom of a
             | bathtub curve.
             | 
             | The boomers are hopeless with tech, because they grew up
             | without it. But gen-z is also hopeless, because they grew
             | up with opaque appliances like Iphones. You use it how
             | Apple allows you to. The inner workings of it are hidden
             | behind endless abstractions and shiny (liquid!) UI. Every
             | error message is something like "Oopsie woopsie" with a sad
             | face emoji. When it breaks you toss it in the garbage.
             | 
             | This reads like an "uphill both ways" story, but we used to
             | build our own computers (still do, but I used to too),
             | because that was how you aquired one unless you bought a
             | Dell like a lamer. When your software messed up it
             | segfaulted or coredumped, and you had to figure it out.
             | When your hardware broke, you took it apart. People today
             | use Discord because picking a client and specifying a
             | server and port combo to connect to is too hard. And so on
             | and so forth, you get the point...
             | 
             | And the point is these damn kids are on my lawn, making
             | TikTok videos.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | I had similar revelation watching friend's son asking him
               | stuff about how to use cell phone. When I was young, it
               | was always the other way around. And it still is, I keep
               | helping my parents. But now I wonder if I'll end up the
               | IT guy in both generational directions.
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | I think we will, but I'm cringing harder and harder these
               | days because my "clients" (friends and children) are
               | often bringing me problems that are just unsolvable due
               | to all the guardrails put up "for our protection." For
               | instance, "my iPhone says it's full"
               | 
               |  _looks at storage stats_
               | 
               | 40GB worth of "System Data" and 20GB of Safari "Documents
               | and Data" - zero visibility as to what it is let alone
               | simple controls to get rid of it in a reasonable way. On
               | a real computer, that's the kind of thing an admin has
               | ultimate authority over. Now, especially on phones, you
               | may as well be a call center tech saying "Well, I guess
               | you can erase the entire phone and don't restore a
               | backup?" because that's the only guaranteed fix for most
               | problems.
        
               | bonoboTP wrote:
               | This also applies to many other things, such as cars. But
               | perhaps the timeline is shifted.
               | 
               | But if we go earlier a bit, it was common for people to
               | know much more about house construction, electric work,
               | flooring, making furniture etc. IKEA emulates some of
               | this, but it's really a different thing to live around
               | things you truly understand, you participated in builting
               | your house, you know how and why everything is in it, you
               | can fix your car, you can make produce in your garden,
               | you eat your chickens' eggs, which you can turn into
               | baked chicken, the whole process from hatching to hen to
               | plate is managed by you etc.
               | 
               | People are having less and less control and understanding
               | of their lives. It's all "coming from somewhere" and
               | wrapped in abstractions and euphemisms. You no longer buy
               | things, just rent, etc. It really changes the mentality
               | to a more child-like thinking, at the mercy of some
               | opaque system. With AI we will get the final blow. No
               | skills, no intellectual muscle, just as people don't even
               | remember the and driving directions to even places they
               | regularly visit, because GPS gives instructions so it's
               | just not memorized. It will be the same but for
               | everything.
        
               | 20after4 wrote:
               | Brawndo: it's got what plant's crave.
        
               | adfm wrote:
               | It's got electrolytes.
        
               | encom wrote:
               | It's why I became an electrician, and specialised in
               | telecoms. I realised in my 20's that I didn't want to
               | spend the rest of my life typing on a keyboard, and
               | telecoms is the right kind of combination of geekery and
               | practical work. Plus I know all the fundamental
               | electrician stuff. I highly recommend this career path if
               | you feel the same way. My last job was in robotics where
               | my combined skillset of being a Linux-focused
               | computer+networking geek and having electrical skills
               | made me pretty unique. Lately my career has taken a
               | bizarre turn where I do AV, networking and electrical
               | work, plus... swimming pool maintenance. Life, uh, finds
               | a way.
               | 
               | Anyways, apart from knowing how a car works on a
               | theoretical level, I have no idea how to fix mine, and
               | getting fucked at the dealership is a part of my life I
               | have begrudgingly accepted.
               | 
               | Thanks for reading my blog.
        
         | supertrope wrote:
         | Please make sure to throw away your Kleenex before stepping
         | onto the Escalator.
        
           | nytesky wrote:
           | I don't think people realize tha Wi-Fi is a brand name for
           | 'IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence'." WiFi, Wifi, or wifi, are not
           | approved by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Despite common belief the
           | name Wi-Fi is not short-form for 'Wireless Fidelity'.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | Would an adapter in promiscuous mode technically be
             | Wireless Infidelity?
        
               | xp84 wrote:
               | nice
        
         | ezoe wrote:
         | In my country, GIGA means "data transfer quota", USB means "USB
         | storage"
        
       | GuB-42 wrote:
       | > A box the size of a paperback, and costing no more than dinner
       | for two, magically distributes broadband Internet to an area the
       | size of a football field. A card no larger than a matchbook
       | receives it.
       | 
       | An interesting historical document for studying the unit systems
       | used in 2003.
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | What might be the 2025 equivalents?
        
           | minhmeoke wrote:
           | Router/Access point: Matchbox, eg: TP-Link TL-WR802N (57 x 57
           | x18 mm) [6] or GL-Inet GL-MT300N (58 x 58 x 25mm) [7]
           | 
           | WiFi USB Client: Fingernail, eg: Asus USB-AX56 adapter (25.5
           | x 16 x 9mm) [8]
           | 
           | WiFi Card Client: Postage stamp, eg: Intel Dual-Band Wireless
           | Adapter AC-7260NGW M.2 2230 (22mm x 30mm x 2.4mm) [10]
           | 
           | 802.11n Wireless N range: theoretically 230 ft (70 m) range
           | indoors and 820 ft (250m) range outdoors, which is
           | approximately 1 FIFA soccer field's (105 x 68 m) width for
           | indoor range, and 2 soccer fields end-to-end by 3 side-to-
           | side for outdoor range. Newer protocols do not seem to have
           | extended the range of individual radios but rather rely on
           | repeaters or range extender devices to provide additional
           | coverage.
           | 
           | https://www.hummingbirdnetworks.com/articles/what-is-the-
           | dis...
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11#Protocol
           | 
           | https://publications.fifa.com/de/football-stadiums-
           | guideline...
           | 
           | Some of these are slightly older devices dating from around
           | 2020, but the sizes should generally still be approximately
           | the same in 2025.
           | 
           | Router/Access point: Mobile operating systems like WebOS,
           | Android, and iOS have had hotspot capabilites built-in since
           | around around 2010 (Mobile Hotspot on Palm Pre and Pixi Plus
           | in 2010 [1], Wifi Tethering in Android 2.2 Froyo in 2010 [2],
           | and Personal Hotspot in iOS 4.3 for iPhone 4 and 3GS in 2011
           | [3]). Today you can configure your phone to become a personal
           | Wifi router with one button press [4], [5].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/01/07/ces.palm.pre.plus.pix
           | i/i...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20101125023042/http://articles.c.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://archive.is/UD1Dm
           | 
           | [2] https://www.wired.com/2010/05/android-22-froyo-features-
           | usb-...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20140707210122/https://www.wired.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://archive.is/kjH1N
           | 
           | [3] https://www.engadget.com/2011-03-09-ios-4-3-spotlight-
           | person...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20251018061108/https://www.engad.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://archive.is/QBRod
           | 
           | [4] https://support.google.com/android/answer/9059108?hl=en
           | 
           | [5] https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/share-your-
           | internet-c...
           | 
           | For a discrete router device, TP-Link TL-WR802N (57 x 57 x18
           | mm) [6] and GL-Inet GL-MT300N (58 x 58 x 25mm) [7] are
           | matchbox-sized travel router devices that fit into the palm
           | of your hand, cost less than $30 USD, and consume less than
           | 2.75W (they can be run from a basic 5V, 1A USB connection).
           | 
           | [6] https://www.tp-link.com/us/home-networking/wifi-
           | router/tl-wr...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20250724184720/https://www.tp-
           | li...
           | 
           | [7] https://www.gl-inet.com/products/gl-mt300n-v2/
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20250822045920/https://www.gl-
           | in...
           | 
           | Wifi Client: Wifi capabilities are now built into mobile
           | phone, TV, and many camera chipsets, there is no separate
           | card required. If you want a separate WiFi adapter, you can
           | buy a USB adapter that is about the size of a fingernail or 5
           | small coins stacked together (eg: 5 US pennies, or 5 Euro
           | 1-cent coins), basically take the metal part of a USB-A male
           | connector and extend or extrude it a bit. This Asus USB-AX56
           | adapter [8] is 25.5 x 16 x 9mm and supports WiFi 6 (802.11ax)
           | with theoretical speeds up to 9.6 Gbps (actual real-world
           | speeds appear closer to 800 Mbps). Streams in Wifi 6 can be
           | up to 160MHz wide via channel bonding of up to 8 adjacent 20
           | MHz channels, but in practice this is only feasible in
           | locations with low or no interference. Note that wider
           | channels have a reduced effective range and perform poorly at
           | a distance or through obstructions.
           | 
           | [8] https://www.asus.com/networking-iot-servers/adapters/all-
           | ser...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20251018061524/https://www.asus..
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.wi-fi.org/wi-fi-macphy
           | 
           | Discrete Wifi cards can still be found in some laptop
           | computers (although many Wifi cards are now soldered down),
           | one of the more recent (introduced around 2013 to 2015) and
           | smaller sizes is M.2 2230 (22mm x 30mm x 2.4mm) which is also
           | the form factor for some M.2 PCI-Express SSDs (solid state
           | storage drives, typically flash devices). These are about the
           | size of a postage stamp, weigh around 2.3 grams, and cost
           | around $20 USD or less.
           | 
           | One example is Intel AX210 [9] which supports Wi-Fi 6E, on 3
           | bands: 2.4 / 5 / 6GHz in a 2x2 configuration (2 TX transmit
           | and 2 RX receive antennas) at speeds of 2.4 Gbps, and also
           | features Bluetooth 5.3.
           | 
           | [9] https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/2048
           | 36/...
           | 
           | A popular previous-generation device is Intel Dual-Band
           | Wireless Adapter AC-7260NGW [10] with good support for
           | GNU/Linux, again with a M.2 2230 (22mm x 30mm x 2.4mm) form-
           | factor approximately the size of a postage stamp, supporting
           | Wifi 5 802.11ac with up to 867 Mbps theoretical bandwidth on
           | dual bands in a 2x2 configuration (2 TX transmit and 2 RX
           | receive radios), and 433 Mbps per stream. Channels can be up
           | to 80MHz wide via channel bonding of 4 adjacent 20 MHz
           | channels.
           | 
           | An alternative, earlier form factor was Half Mini-PCI-
           | Express, for example Intel Dual-Band Wirelss Adapter
           | AC-7260HMW [10] at 26.80 x 30 x 2.4 mm.
           | 
           | [10] https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/612/dual-band-
           | wireless-ac...
           | 
           | https://web.archive.org/web/20251018061520/https://www.mouse.
           | ..
        
       | sedatk wrote:
       | When I moved to the temporary housing that Microsoft provided me
       | in Redmond in 2004, the first thing I did was to buy a laptop.
       | The most memorable access point around me was an open connection
       | with the name "Bring food and beer to B308". I used that person's
       | Internet for a while, and wanted to bring beer to them.
       | Unfortunately, when I surveyed the area, I could find no "Bxxx"
       | blocks in Timberlawn Apartments, only A's. It was probably a
       | neighboring complex. I want to use this opportunity thank that
       | person.
        
         | bjornsing wrote:
         | I ran a small ISP around the same time that used this
         | behavioral pattern to bring down the customer acquisition cost
         | to near zero. Essentially we sold ADSL connections with Wi-Fi
         | and a second SSID where anybody could connect and sign up for
         | internet access. If too may signed up we sent out personal
         | offers for ADSL service to some of them and wired up their
         | homes too. Fun project, but stressful and not very profitable.
        
       | danbolt wrote:
       | When my parents had a house built in the early 2000s, my father
       | was adamant that Ethernet should be wired to every room. It
       | seemed like a good way to future-proof the building for the 21st
       | century at the time. The year we moved in, tweenage me asked
       | about connecting my Nintendo DS to the internet in order to play
       | Animal Crossing online.
       | 
       | I wonder if we would have done the Ethernet again if he knew that
       | Wi-Fi was going to become so common.
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | Even with wifi, big houses or tough RF environments need mesh
         | units to get ubiquitous wifi coverage. And there, ethernet
         | wired backhaul is far, far superior to wireless. So maybe your
         | dad was prescient in a different way.
         | 
         | The issue with wiring your house for Ethernet is that 2003-era
         | Cat5 that a random builder or DIYer grabs from Home Depot isn't
         | going to carry nearly as much as the Cat6A cable you would want
         | if you need the cable plant to have a chance of keeping up with
         | network capacity growth. But that needs quality installation.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I had a fairly extensive Ethernet and audio speaker setup in
           | the course of a couple of house renovations. Much of that is
           | trashed from smoke mitigation after a kitchen fire. Will
           | pretty much just use WiFi from here on out.
        
         | zer00eyz wrote:
         | > I wonder if we would have done the Ethernet again if he knew
         | that Wi-Fi was going to become so common.
         | 
         | Today, if your wiring up a house you put ethernet drops
         | everywhere.
         | 
         | POE is a thing, and it's getting more popular.
         | 
         | Cameras, blinds, MM wave... It's almost to the point where one
         | should be putting a media box in every closet as a mini wiring
         | hookup.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Ethernet in each room remains valuable for other reasons, such
         | as set top box devices, etc.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Ethernet in each room remains valuable for other reasons, such
         | as set top box devices, etc.
         | 
         | The issue wasn't whether wifi was going to become so common, it
         | was the guaranteed improvement in reliability and speed of
         | wifi.
         | 
         | Anyone could use ethernet, and still can.
        
         | xandrius wrote:
         | I would still do this in 2025, just with different category of
         | ethernet cable, that's it.
        
       | chihuahua wrote:
       | The tone of the article sounds so breathlessly over-excited that
       | it's bordering on self-parody.
       | 
       | The cell phone companies will regret their purchase of 3G
       | spectrum! Those fools, they did not realize their 3G cell towers
       | would soon be rendered obsolete, nay, ridiculous, by my mighty
       | wireless router!
       | 
       | It's not consumers buying consumer electronics, no, it's "an
       | authentic grassroots phenomenon."
        
         | 20after4 wrote:
         | It seems to me that, for the most part, it was warranted
         | enthusiasm. Wi-Fi has lived up to most of the wildest
         | predictions and probably achieved even greater adoption than
         | anyone could have imagined back in the early days.
        
         | dualogy wrote:
         | > The tone of the article sounds so breathlessly over-excited
         | that it's bordering on self-parody.
         | 
         | Welcome to every Wired article ever, certainly from its
         | inception well into the mid-2000s at least.
         | 
         | Today it's at best amusing, but those were times just 1-1.5
         | generations ago when that was truly, genuinely generally
         | enjoyed (by techies & youngsters) as neither Tired nor Expired
         | but (Hot)Wired, and as a needed/welcome breath of air in an
         | ocean of seemingly-immutable last-century whiffs & echoes =)
        
       | topspin wrote:
       | My first use of Wi-Fi was for "broadband" internet in very early
       | 2000's. It wasn't that fast, but it was pretty cool. The access
       | point was on a mountain top about 7 miles from my condo. My
       | antenna was a parabolic aluminum grid in my attic. I think the
       | permitted bandwidth was about 400 Kbps. The transceivers were
       | Cisco Aironet 802.11b devices.
       | 
       | That was my main Internet uplink for 5 or more years. About half
       | way through I moved to another house and mounted the antenna
       | outside on the roof for more gain, because the distance increased
       | to about 11 miles. Caught some grief from the HOA, but I kept it
       | up.
        
       | miladyincontrol wrote:
       | A curious artifact of the older days is even to this day a
       | surprising number of devices will caution about the dangers of
       | connecting to an SSID named linksys, even if its WPA3, modern
       | 802.11ax on both AP and client end, etc.
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | I remember the jump from 802.11b to g was profound. Speed was no
       | longer a luxury. You could browse while torrenting an MP3 file at
       | the same time, wirelessly! It was the golden era of the Internet
       | :)
        
       | mjg59 wrote:
       | In 2000 my neighbour built a small network using two Orinoco Gold
       | cards - an ad-hoc[1] network between his laptop (A Sony with a
       | Neomagic chipset, I don't remember the precise model but it was
       | beautiful) and the desktop in his room, and this was
       | 
       | (a) utterly magical (b) his father was the son of someone very
       | high up in one of the Scottish banks and so this was affordable
       | for him and clearly outside the range of normal people
       | 
       | In 2001 I bought a set of Prism 2 based cards that let me run
       | HostAP (https://hostap.epitest.fi/) and was able to build my own
       | network that didn't rely on ad-hoc mode and so everything was
       | better but the speed at which all of this changed was incredible
       | - we went from infrastructure being out of the reach of normal
       | humans to it being a small reach, and by 2005 we were in the
       | territory of all laptops having it by default. It was an
       | incredible phase shift.
       | 
       | [1] ad hoc was a way for wifi cards to talk to each other without
       | there being an access point, and there was a period where
       | operating systems would show ac-hoc devices as if they were
       | access points, and Windows would remember the last ad-hoc network
       | you'd joined and would advertise that if nothing else was
       | available, and this led to "Free Internet Access" being something
       | that would show up because it was an ad-hoc network someone else
       | advertised and obviously you'd join that and then if you had no
       | internet your laptop would broadcast it and someone else would
       | join it and look the internet was actually genuinely worse in the
       | past please stop assuming everything was better
        
       | NoiseBert69 wrote:
       | We tested Wifi-7 in our lab due to planned migrations. It's a
       | huge quality mess right now.
       | 
       | Either MLO doesn't work correctly or the drivers of the Modems
       | (we tested Intel, Mediatek, Qualcomm, etc.) hit the shitter.
       | 
       | For my private stuff I stick to Wifi-6 and wait until Wifi-8
       | arrives. Finally having "friendly coordinated handovers" between
       | APs is one of the biggest wins for me.
        
         | ksec wrote:
         | In case this still isn't common knowledge. You should always
         | use WiFi 7 hardware as the latest WiFi 6E solution. I.e Latest
         | Generation of WiFi is the best version of last generation.
         | 
         | Just like when WiFi 6 came out, OFDMA didn't work well or
         | wasn't even turned on by default. The same thing happened with
         | WiFi 5 MU-MIMO, and WiFi 7 MLO. Expect the MLO to only work
         | with WiFi 8.
         | 
         | And for all the latency reduction and reliability upgrade with
         | WiFi 8? The expect them to work well in WiFi 9.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Wifi 7 without MLO works just fine and quickly though.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | _The Serial Port_ put up a video saying that Apple really helped
       | push Wifi into the mainstream with the AirPort:
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhBxWHrG7K8
        
       | teleforce wrote:
       | What they didn't mention in the article and most Wi-Fi historical
       | narrative is the critical contribution from OFDM modulation
       | waveform technology, the idea originated and patented by the
       | radio astronomy research of CSIRO Australia [1],[2].
       | 
       | In the early days of Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11 group was still testing
       | spread spectrum and OFDM with 802.11b and 802.11a, respectively.
       | But then it's become apparent that the best bandwidth come from
       | the proper orthogonality of wireless modulation aka OFDM [1].
       | 
       | At the time of the OP article back in 2003 the incumbent cellular
       | mobile modulation of 3G is still spread spectrum based CMDA
       | system but by 4G it's OFDM all-in and the rest is history. CSIRO
       | become much richer due to the patent, and radio astronomy based
       | technology generated some hard cash for the research institute
       | that mainly pursuing science.
       | 
       | [1] Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM):
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_...
       | 
       | [2] How the Aussie government "invented WiFi" and sued its way to
       | $430 million [PDF]:
       | 
       | https://www.vbllaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/How-The-Au...
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | Just one more example of how investment in fundamental science,
         | _without_ explicit reference to marketability or industry
         | applications, often produce revolutionary technology which
         | _does_ have economic applications.
        
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       (page generated 2025-10-18 23:02 UTC)