[HN Gopher] How I bypassed Amazon's Kindle web DRM
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       How I bypassed Amazon's Kindle web DRM
        
       Author : pixelmelt
       Score  : 309 points
       Date   : 2025-10-16 20:22 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.pixelmelt.dev)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.pixelmelt.dev)
        
       | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
       | I don't suppose this is going to work well with their
       | comics/graphic novels, will it?
       | 
       | I stopped buying ebooks from Amazon some time ago and switched
       | completely to Kobo (and their much-more-easily-defeated DRM), but
       | Amazon's acquisition of Comixology means they've still got by far
       | the best collection of digital comics on the market.
        
         | BolexNOLA wrote:
         | I'm sure you already know this but I've actually had a lot of
         | success getting comics on hoopla with my library card.
         | Obviously this completely depends on your local library but if
         | you haven't it's worth looking in to! Has what I want a solid
         | 35% of the time. Not the newest releases but I've gotten stuff
         | that's only 6 to 12 months old without much issue
        
           | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
           | Not my use-case. I have roughly 250 _legitimately purchased_
           | graphic novels and manga purchased from Amazon over the years
           | that I 'd want to backup.
           | 
           | I have about half of them already ripped, from an earlier
           | time when the Kindle4PC application was easier to crack. But
           | I still grab new comics from time to time.
        
         | boldlybold wrote:
         | Comics need a full "image" for the page, so this is unlikely to
         | work. Can you inspect the requests and see what you get?
         | 
         | Or to the author: what happens to images in the ebook?
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | If all you need is an image, can't you just use browser
           | automation tools to screenshot each page? After all, much of
           | the content is in images so it's not like you need it OCRed
           | for accessibility purposes.
        
             | rs186 wrote:
             | If you can live with lower quality image. Most people
             | probably will be ok with that though.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | It will depend on the books, but the images aren't that
               | high resolution in general.
               | 
               | I've had some slightly blurry on 2.8x1.9k screens,
               | especially the older ones.
        
         | pixelmelt wrote:
         | I haven't gotten images working yet, they have some weird
         | obfuscation applied to them as well
        
       | brendang_sd wrote:
       | I always love a story of anger based (reverse)engineering.
        
         | javchz wrote:
         | Spite is an underated productivity tool.
        
           | Teknomadix wrote:
           | My new T-shirt
        
           | WD-42 wrote:
           | I've partaken in some SDD (Spite Driven Development) myself
           | related to the Garmin ecosystem. The problem with it is once
           | you stop caring, the development stops too.
        
         | zdw wrote:
         | aka "Hate driven development"
        
       | ZebusJesus wrote:
       | Well done!
        
       | wredcoll wrote:
       | I personally have bought many fewer books over the last couple of
       | years, from amazon, as they've made it harder and harder to, you
       | know, read the books I've paid for.
       | 
       | Pirating books is not hard. They're probably the smallest
       | possible thing that people are interested in copying with the
       | broadest variation in acceptable formats.
       | 
       | I know I'm screaming into the void, but if I'm paying real money
       | why is the experience from piracy sites better?
        
         | Insanity wrote:
         | Genuinely curious to hear why you think they make it harder and
         | harder to read books? I've been using my Kindle daily since
         | 2017. I read on both the Kindle device (Paperwhite and
         | vanilla), the iPad and iPhone app, and occasionally the web
         | reader.
         | 
         | I've never experienced issues with them that break the reading
         | experience. The one issue I occasionally run into is that the
         | book progress doesn't sync when I open the app and I have to
         | click "sync now" which sometimes is blazingly fast and
         | sometimes takes like a minute.
         | 
         | I can't imagine migrating away from Kindle now, it's probably
         | one of my favourite devices and the Kindle is my favourite way
         | to read.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | Their devices get steadily worse. Kindle Oasis was the best
           | device ever. It also had cellular connectivity so you could
           | read it on a train, then put it in the backpack and switch to
           | listening to the same book on your phone.
           | 
           | All seamlessly, because Kindle used the cellular network for
           | reading progress. Really a magical experience.
           | 
           | Then they removed cellular and _buttons_ from the devices.
           | And now their app is actively crashing on my Kindle when I
           | try to use it to buy a book.
        
           | radley wrote:
           | I've had decent success with a Kindle device, but when I try
           | to use the Kindle app on my iPhone, which is rare now, it's
           | almost always a hassle. Their iPhone app updates completely
           | replace the app, so everything gets reset and books have to
           | be downloaded again.
           | 
           | But the main problem is that they don't sync the "last read"
           | bookmarks until you open a book. But since that book didn't
           | have a bookmark, it's reset to the beginning and then synced,
           | so my "last read" bookmark is now at the beginning.
        
             | pmarreck wrote:
             | that last-read bug sounds exactly like something that
             | doesn't have test coverage
        
           | wishfish wrote:
           | The reading experience is fine on Kindle. Or at least it was
           | the last time I used it. My main problem is how they've
           | locked down the DRM. I was on Kindle for a very long time and
           | didn't mind the DRM because it was easily breakable. Amazon
           | was also helpful about helping you download the book file
           | directly. The locks they had in place were essentially
           | bathroom door locks. And they seemed chill about it.
           | 
           | That's all changed now. I'd love to know why it's changed. My
           | first thought was publisher pressure. But Kobo hasn't
           | implemented harsh measures. Just Amazon has.
           | 
           | At any rate, I'm now using Kobo for my reading. Easy to break
           | DRM. And they don't assume the same level of control over
           | Kobo ereaders the way Amazon does with Kindle. I have over a
           | thousand ebooks. I'm able to tag books in Calibre, and those
           | tags automatically show up as Collections on the Kobo. It's a
           | simple thing, but Amazon never gave me such flexibility.
           | Makes a huge difference for me.
           | 
           | It's also possible to alter Kobo's UI/UX with various plugins
           | without the need to jailbreak. Kobo (the company) is
           | perfectly happy to let you do whatever you want with your own
           | device. That's such a breath of fresh air compared to how
           | Kindle is locked down.
        
         | yesco wrote:
         | To stop you from pirating ofc!
        
         | Timshel wrote:
         | To create a moat and make Kobo and others less interesting.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | In general, if I don't have to pay someone to produce something
         | I can provide a better experience to my customers than those
         | who do.
         | 
         | It's why archive.is is so much better to read on than a news
         | site.
         | 
         | Might as well ask "when I engage with GPL projects it's so much
         | worse of an experience than if I just bundle the code and
         | distribute it without a license, why?" It's often cheaper to
         | not comply than to comply.
         | 
         | But my kindle has definitely been "good enough" for me with
         | Libby.
        
       | sointeresting wrote:
       | I bypassed it by buying a Kobo.
        
         | EA-3167 wrote:
         | I appreciate the author's work, and they're absolutely right
         | about the Kindle app. I'm with you though, I don't want to
         | fight tooth and nail with Amazon to have the ability to read a
         | book without their lousy app, to back that book up, and
         | otherwise legally and fairly use it. I don't want to reward
         | Amazon for being aggressively anti-consumer by spending money
         | on their site, at least not for this.
        
         | surgical_fire wrote:
         | Likewise, but I went with Pocketbook.
         | 
         | I wish more people would understand that we empower those
         | companies by using their products and services. Avoid when you
         | can and they lose their power.
        
         | bix6 wrote:
         | Does Kobo work with the Libby app?
        
           | sointeresting wrote:
           | I believe so, haven't tried it myself.
        
           | shortrounddev2 wrote:
           | Yes, my wife uses it all the time
        
           | rufo wrote:
           | Even better than a Kindle - library browsing is built-in to
           | the device.
        
             | bix6 wrote:
             | O wow I love that! So tired of Jeff I think I'll switch.
        
         | Night_Thastus wrote:
         | I'm an owner of a Kobo, how did you do that?
         | 
         | When I tried, the only options from Amazon were 'transfer to my
         | device' and that only works if you have a Kindle. There was 0
         | way to just download the stupid file and let me copy it myself.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | I was going to say exactly the same! Got a Kobo Clara BW a
         | while ago -- great lil device. Took a while to figure out
         | Calibre, but now that I understand it, it's very convenient.
         | Prior to choosing an e-reader, I took one glance at Amazon's
         | DRM-laden offerings and noped out from that ecosystem
         | completely.
        
       | Retr0id wrote:
       | This is a great write-up in terms of content but stylistically it
       | reads like the output of an RLHF'd LLM
        
         | ethmarks wrote:
         | It's extra distracting because it doesn't even read like normal
         | LLM prose, but it's close enough to feel off.
         | 
         | The frequent use of bold emphasis, lists, and subject-only
         | rhetorical questions ("Those tiny m3,1 m1,6 m-4,-7 commands?
         | They're micro-MoveTo operations.") are classic LLM-speak, but
         | they're used in such a way that makes me doubt that OP actually
         | used an LLM to write this. I think that OP's natural prose just
         | happens to be stylistically pretty similar to that of an LLM.
         | 
         | It's kind of sad that what were once signs of high effort and
         | dedication (e.g. em-dashes) are now signs of low effort and
         | dishonesty, despite the fact that people still use them in
         | human writing.
        
       | boldlybold wrote:
       | This is a beautiful solution to a tedious problem that shouldn't
       | exist in the first place! Great work.
        
       | harshreality wrote:
       | I don't know what state it's in (haven't used it in years), but
       | do apprenticealf's DeDRM tools, which has been forked to
       | nodrm/DeDRM_tools, still handle kindle PC app downloads?
       | Tinkering with old versions of the PC app might work even if the
       | current version doesn't, and there's a registry hack to disable
       | kfx downloading and get azw3 instead, which worked at some
       | point... it's outlined in apprenticealf's DeDRM repo, at the wiki
       | link provided at the top of the repo's README, in the short
       | section saying it's no longer maintained.
       | 
       | That would provide a closer-to-original version of the ebook,
       | rather than just a visually similar one.
       | 
       | That any of this is necessary at all is absurd. Hats off to
       | anyone with the patience to bypass Amazon's DRM rather than
       | giving up on the Amazon ebook ecosystem entirely.
        
         | ashton314 wrote:
         | The thing that killed the download -> crack DRM workflow is
         | that Amazon removed the "download and transfer via USB" option.
         | I haven't bought an ebook from Amazon since.
         | 
         | The only viable option would be to buy the book and then pirate
         | a de-DRM'd copy.
        
           | nekusar wrote:
           | Why buy an ebook then? Just buy the physical if you want, and
           | pirate it.
           | 
           | Dont pay for your own hope that you can pick the lock of your
           | own paid for jail cell.
        
             | wffurr wrote:
             | Then I have a physical book to deal with.
        
         | Uvix wrote:
         | It will handle downloads for older versions of the PC app, but
         | the supported version won't download any books released after
         | April 2025.
        
         | digianarchist wrote:
         | Also Libation for Audible books.
        
       | 3abiton wrote:
       | I could feel the anger of the author oozing through the writing.
       | Great work!
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | My main peeve with rendering in the Kindle app is that formula-
       | type content (often even minor stuff like _x_ 2) is rendered as
       | images that (a) are low-resolution and (b) don't invert in dark
       | mode.
       | 
       | A second peeve is that in dark mode you can only have gray on
       | black, not white on black.
        
         | harshreality wrote:
         | Do the ebooks you're referring to use an image for the 2
         | symbol, rather than css, unicode, or mathjax-generated mathml?
         | A lot of old math books that have been converted from scans do
         | that, for instance, because their OCR was okay at regular text
         | but not good at superscripts, subscripts, or other mathematical
         | symbols.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | They use an image in the Kindle version. I don't know about
           | other versions, but I strongly suspect that the PDF version,
           | if any, doesn't. These aren't old books, they are recent
           | nonfiction books from established publishers. They surely
           | don't use OCR to produce the Kindle version.
           | 
           | I've never seen a Kindle book rendering anything as vector
           | graphics. That's just not a thing in the Kindle world, as far
           | as I can tell. It's either basic text or pixel images.
           | 
           | One example I just checked is a book from MIT Press from
           | 2021, where even [?]2 is rendered as an image, and also isn't
           | scaled correctly with respect to the text size. It really
           | puts you off reading such books in Kindle.
           | 
           | Anyway, I guess my point is that TFA won't help with what I
           | find the most annoying about the Kindle experience.
        
       | GauntletWizard wrote:
       | At one point I did the same for a comic app which was getting the
       | earliest releases of a manga I wanted to read; I still don't read
       | Japanese but was the buyer for my translation circle. They had
       | similar forms of obscure obfuscation; They scrambled the image
       | into chunks, then you got a metadata that remapped it into a
       | finished image. Raw, it looked like one of those slide puzzles.
       | 
       | Over the course of a couple years they updated their scrambling;
       | First to randomize the size of the regions, then to make them
       | triangular instead of rectangular. It was an interesting if
       | tedious challenge to reverse engineer.
        
       | wkat4242 wrote:
       | Me too. When they removed the option to download books I
       | liberated everything I had ever bought, moved to Kavita+koreader
       | and will never buy a kindle book again.
       | 
       | I jailbroke both kindles. And use koreader on them which now
       | supports progress sync with Kavita which is amazing! So I don't
       | really lose functionality.
        
         | bmlzootown wrote:
         | Since the last major jailbreak for Kindle devices was released,
         | I've been using Koreader as well on my Scribe. I have progress
         | syncing setup with Hardcover (Goodreads alternative) instead,
         | however. Only downside is their recommendations don't seem to
         | be well geared to my interests at this point, but hopefully
         | that'll change in the future as more use the service.
        
       | clumsysmurf wrote:
       | I have the same problem with O'Reilly / Safari ... I don't enjoy
       | using the apps and find they get in the way of the reading
       | experience, plus it's a very expensive subscription. Initially,
       | its hard to tell if rendering problems are just a bad conversion
       | or if the text rendering engine is just buggy / borked.
       | 
       | But there were plenty of other bugs like bookshelf management
       | getting corrupted.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | Your intention doesn't matter to the shareholders. Straight to
       | jail.
        
         | jojobas wrote:
         | Yeah I hope his opsec is good.
        
       | lloydjones wrote:
       | I've been using https://readest.com and very much enjoying it. I
       | just wish there were a "lifetime purchase" option.
        
         | mr_sturd wrote:
         | Looks nice. Shame it doesn't have OPDS support, but it's nice
         | to see that it's a planned feature in their GitHub README!
        
       | emptybits wrote:
       | Hell hath no fury like an engineer angered! This was such a good
       | read and epitomizes hacking:
       | 
       | "Was it worth it? To read one book? No. To prove a point?
       | Absolutely. To learn about SVG rendering, perceptual hashing, and
       | font metrics? Probably yes."
        
       | chmod775 wrote:
       | For books only available through Amazon my workflow used to be
       | buying it, downloading it with their desktop app, importing into
       | Calibre, converting to epub and stripping DRM, then pushing it
       | onto my Kobo.
       | 
       | They broke that a while ago by making their DRM even worse, so
       | now I just pirate those books.
        
         | pmarreck wrote:
         | Followed the same path.
         | 
         | At least Steve Jobs understood how DRM should work.
        
         | leshenka wrote:
         | that's so weird. First I decide to buy my wife an ebook reader
         | for the new years and then Louis Rossman makes a video on
         | Kindle DRM bait and switch. Now this and people praising Kobo.
         | Guess I'm buying a kobo
        
           | themadturk wrote:
           | Kobo's pretty good. Anything to avoid Kindle books.
        
             | DennisP wrote:
             | I bought one, but it didn't have any of the books I wanted.
             | It seems to be nowhere near as comprehensive as the Kindle
             | library.
        
           | ajsnigrutin wrote:
           | Calibre handles kindle too (if you already have that). You
           | "obtain" the books one way or another, and calibre converts
           | them to a proper format and copies them directly to your
           | kindle (via the usb cable).
           | 
           | Pirated books have no DRM, usually come in an open .epub
           | format, which can be converted to whatever your reader
           | requires, and you end up actually owning them, even if amazon
           | decides to abandon the kindle ecosystem.
        
           | benregenspan wrote:
           | Bookshop.org is supposed to implement Kobo support sometime
           | this year, getting a Kobo if that happens.
        
           | themerone wrote:
           | Most Kobo books have DRM. There are a few publishers (TOR)
           | and authors that are DRM free, but most of books I've wanted
           | have it.
           | 
           | This is why I have a Boox Android eInk tablet, although I
           | only use it with burner accounts. They run Ancient versions
           | of Android.
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | Eventually those physical book scanning cameras are going to be
         | used to read/scan DRM locked ebooks.
        
       | semiquaver wrote:
       | This is great work, but I'm not clear on why this qualifies as
       | DRM at all. It sounds like the OP reverse engineered a protocol
       | for rendering pages from a book to the web client. Sure, rotating
       | the glyph ids every API call is annoying but it hardly qualifies
       | as encryption or even obfuscation, just an extra mapping step the
       | decoder needs to handle.
       | 
       | Sure seems like whoever at Amazon wrote this didn't realize that
       | it backdoors their DRM.
        
         | palata wrote:
         | > Sure seems like whoever at Amazon wrote this didn't realize
         | that it backdoors their DRM.
         | 
         | Or maybe they did, and now they will have to fix it.
        
         | professorseth wrote:
         | I was on the team that wrote this code.
         | 
         | We knew it was reverse-engineerable, we just didn't care.
         | 
         | Upper management seemed happy enough that it was pretty
         | obfuscated, and we were happy that they didn't force us to do
         | more about it.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | Still a DMCA violation to break, though.
        
           | ash_091 wrote:
           | > we just didn't care. Upper management seemed happy enough
           | 
           | This is very relatable. Management want X, engineers
           | recognise X is dumb and deliver something that sorta looks
           | like X, management see something that looks like X and are
           | happy.
        
       | SeanAnderson wrote:
       | @op there's a typo: "You can now download the books you own books
       | with my code"
       | 
       | second books seems erroneous
        
       | rkagerer wrote:
       | Don't stop there! If Amazon sues you, demand a jury trial and win
       | a carve-out making it legal to unlock DRM you own.
        
       | znort_ wrote:
       | >I paid money for this book >I can only read it in Amazon's
       | broken app >I can't download it >I can't back it up >I don't
       | actually own it >Amazon can delete it whenever they want
       | 
       | good that you didn't read the terms of amazon's kindle business
       | model before buying that book; all that delicious rage and the
       | interesting knowledge it spurred would have been lost to the
       | world. tbh, i would have expected them to be more sophisticated.
       | good job and kudos, enjoy your well earned book, it's yours now!
       | 
       | sadly i have no use for this, the only few books i ever bought on
       | amazon were paperback, used and in good condition. good deals.
       | but the mere fact that a provider requires me to use specific
       | software to access content is simply unacceptable, making a
       | detailed reading of their absurdly dystopian terms and conditions
       | unnecessary.
       | 
       | i use amazon prime. for me it's very worth it just for the
       | delivery savings as i live in a remote area. it includes access
       | to their video streaming service. one day i decided to try it
       | just to see what was there. i was immediately prompted with a
       | download for some mandatory viewer/drm/codec. not going to
       | happen, baby, so i just closed the tab, never bothered with it
       | again and have the feeling that nothing of value was lost.
        
       | Night_Thastus wrote:
       | I hate Amazon's decision to do this. It doesn't even make
       | business sense. You can't tell me they're making _that much
       | profit_ off of Kindles that it makes sense. The book sales have
       | got to be worth more than that in the long run.
       | 
       | A lot of authors only ever offer on Amazon now, which leaves
       | those of us without Kindles (I love my Kobo) in a difficult spot.
       | 
       | Frankly I would write it as anti-competitive. How are other
       | e-reader companies supposed to survive when Amazon owns all the
       | e-books and can just decide that only their e-readers are
       | allowed? No one else has even a fraction of the market.
        
       | soorya3 wrote:
       | I stopped buying kindle books and back to buying physical books.
       | Now I own them, I can gift them to friends or pass them on to my
       | kids.
        
       | professorseth wrote:
       | I worked on the team that implemented this, years ago! (around
       | 2017-2018)
       | 
       | Upper management really enjoyed telling us (the engineers) that
       | we needed to implement more DRM, and we liked complaining that it
       | was dumb.
       | 
       | Fun to see someone reverse engineer what we implemented!
        
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       (page generated 2025-10-16 23:00 UTC)