[HN Gopher] Reverse engineering a 27MHz RC toy communication usi...
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       Reverse engineering a 27MHz RC toy communication using RTL SDR
        
       Author : austinallegro
       Score  : 70 points
       Date   : 2025-10-15 14:31 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nitrojacob.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nitrojacob.wordpress.com)
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Tangent
       | 
       | I had an rc submarine that could go underwater a couple feet, but
       | I'd take an rc car's 27MHz radio and put it underwater, it'd stop
       | working almost immediately soon as it went underwater
       | (waterproofed). Wonder what the difference was.
        
         | doug_life wrote:
         | It is likely that that the sub had it's antenna tuned to work
         | well in water while the RC car antenna was tuned for open air.
         | The two different mediums will change the antenna impedance.
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | Interesting does say shorter antenna, I could see that, I
           | think the RC sub's antenna was like 4in long vs. an rc car's
           | antenna that's usually like a foot
        
             | iancmceachern wrote:
             | Yeah, my basic understanding of submarine communications is
             | that lower frequencies penetrate the water better. Lower
             | wavelength needs a longer antenna. The system US subs use
             | is a very low frequency from what I understand.
        
               | jasonjayr wrote:
               | > TACAMO (take charge and move out) is the back up
               | communications system to the US nuclear submarine fleet
               | in case an attack on land based transmitters disables
               | them. A rotating fleet of Navy E6 jets equipped with 200
               | KW transmitters and two 21/2-mile-long trailing wire
               | antennas (TWA) at 35,000 ft altitude to provide 24/7
               | coverage. Short pings are transmitted every few seconds.
               | 
               | Regarding "longer antenna" for submarines... -- I
               | recently learned about this signal from
               | https://www.sigidwiki.com/ -- which has been helpful to
               | ID all the fun stuff you can see with RTLSDR
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Delicious, 2.5 mile long antennas behind airplanes
               | 
               | Corona, stuff like this, the sheer gall, it's impressive.
        
               | janzer wrote:
               | Sadly the 6000 mile antenna never got built, but they did
               | get a few tens of mile long ones built.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sanguine
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | The cost of that must be _insane_ - the price tag of
               | being about the only military force on this rock capable
               | of projecting force and delivering utter devastation 24
               | /7/365 any place any time even if the entirety of the US
               | got glassed.
        
         | mmmlinux wrote:
         | was the submarine remote RF or IR?
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | it's RF this one
           | 
           | https://www.dhgate.com/goods/822484606.html
           | 
           | seawolf Omnibearing RC Submarine - 6CH 35cm
           | 
           | Walmart used to sell it like 17 years ago
        
       | Peteragain wrote:
       | Software defined radio but what is LTR?
        
         | papercrane wrote:
         | I believe the RTL in RTL-SDR is "Realtek Limited", the
         | manufacturer of the chips used in the early days of SDR. I
         | don't think the chips these days are exclusively Realtek, but
         | the name has persisted.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | The original low cost SDR was a European TV tuner USB stick. A
         | driver developer noticed that it was possible to turn off the
         | built-in vertical and horizontal blank suppression to get a raw
         | I/Q dump from a device that was available for $20 retail. This
         | revolutionized the hobbyist SDR community as the purpose built
         | devices cost hundreds or thousands of dollars.
         | 
         | The "RTL" came from the company that built the hackable chip:
         | Realtek.
        
           | RicoElectrico wrote:
           | > A driver developer noticed that it was possible to turn off
           | the built-in vertical and horizontal blank suppression
           | 
           | Aren't you confusing that with Fresco Logic USB to VGA?
        
       | theamk wrote:
       | Having different number of bits in very similar commands (up vs
       | down) is very unusual in low cost RF devices. Those things are
       | built as simply as possible using underpowered CPUs, so I would
       | not expect any sophistication.
       | 
       | Based on patterns ("110110110", "1010", "111011101110"), I bet
       | bits are variable length. Long pulse for sync, medium for 1,
       | short for 0 (or other way). So there is always the same number of
       | bits, but the time taken is different. This makes it very easy to
       | decode, and explains the values in the table.
        
       | janwl wrote:
       | All that audio engineering expertise and you can't remove the
       | background noise from your microphone.
        
       | numpad0 wrote:
       | In similar manners to how lots of optical mouse sensors are
       | Agilent command compatible, many RC cars are built on clones of
       | Realtek TX2/RX2 chipsets. Ironically designed originally by the
       | same company as the RTL2832U.
       | 
       | The RX2 protocol is incredibly simplistic and inefficient at the
       | same time, something like numbers of pulses in increments of few
       | dozens to accept one of the grand total of dozen commands. It
       | barely allow multiple command issuance within a second and
       | completely incapable of handling analog inputs due to that. It's
       | truly a product of "if it works" mindset.
       | 
       | They take the radio input, or just digital input into the antenna
       | pin, or photodiode for IR input, or you can just remove the chip
       | and solder an Arduino into H bridges. The difficulties are about
       | the same. The minor disappointment I have had with these is that
       | the steering servo built into the chassis inthe example I had was
       | way too roughly made that analog control was plain impossible no
       | matter what.
        
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       (page generated 2025-10-15 23:00 UTC)