[HN Gopher] The brain navigates new spaces by 'darting' between ...
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       The brain navigates new spaces by 'darting' between reality and
       mental maps
        
       Author : XzetaU8
       Score  : 119 points
       Date   : 2025-10-08 05:51 UTC (7 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (medicine.yale.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (medicine.yale.edu)
        
       | AlbertoGP wrote:
       | A particularly interesting part that I did not expect from the
       | title:
       | 
       | > _Before the rats encountered the detour, the research team
       | observed that their brains were already firing in patterns that
       | seemed to "imagine" alternate unfamiliar mental routes while they
       | slept. When the researchers compared these sleep patterns to the
       | neural activity during the actual detour, some of them matched._
       | 
       | > _"What was surprising was that the rats ' brains were already
       | prepared for this novel detour before they ever encountered it,"_
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | Seems to support the idea that dreams are rehearsals for real
         | life.
        
           | usrnm wrote:
           | I wish some of my dreams really were
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | This matches my hypothesis on Deja vu
       | 
       | https://kemendo.com/Deja-Vu-Experiment.html
       | 
       | I think it also supports my three loops hypothesis as well:
       | 
       | https://kemendo.com/ThreeLoops.html
       | 
       | In effect, my position is that biological systems maintain a
       | synchronized processing pipeline: where the hippocampal
       | prediction system operates slightly "ahead" of sensory
       | processing, like a cache buffer.
       | 
       | If the processing gets "behind" the sensory input then you feel
       | like you're accessing memory because the electrical signal is
       | reaching memory and sensory distribution simultaneously or
       | slightly lagging.
       | 
       | So it means you're constantly switching between your world map
       | and the input and comparing them just to stabilize a "linear"
       | experience - something which is a necessity for corporeal
       | prediction and reaction.
        
         | OgsyedIE wrote:
         | Your work seems pretty good to me, have you seen Steven Byrne's
         | blog theorising about symbol grounding in the brain?
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | No I havent, I'll have to look it up, thanks for the
           | recommendation.
        
         | shomp wrote:
         | I think we should be careful about materialistic reductions of
         | awareness. Because some rats dreamed detours that ended up
         | being correct in waking rat life, it does not follow that all
         | instances of deja vu are misfirings. It's a tempting connection
         | to draw, but it does not actually explain how the detours were
         | dreamt to begin with, and this points to a deeper question
         | about awareness in general. If I were pressed for an analogy, I
         | might say something like "just because all books have ink does
         | not mean that all ink lives in books." You know what I mean?
         | There's a superset of experiences that cannot be easily
         | explained away by caching, as tempting as it might be.
        
           | Antibabelic wrote:
           | Materialistic reduction has gotten us quite far in science.
        
             | mallowdram wrote:
             | Not exactly. We don't know where optic-flow reactions that
             | integrate senses, emotions, motor systems in the slightest.
             | Study neural reuse or coordination dynamics. Some
             | relationship between the brain and the world that isn't
             | easily found in the brain alone is responsible.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | Materialistic interpretations of the world around us are
           | quite literally the only useful ones. If we didn't do that
           | we'd be sleeping in caves and hitting each other with heavy
           | rocks.
        
             | mallowfram wrote:
             | Wrong. Materialistic only got us to a level. Now we're
             | looking past materialism in neural reuse, coordination
             | dynamics and ecological psychology and neurobiology. The
             | causes are out there in contradictory correlations.
        
               | idiotsecant wrote:
               | Literally everything is materialist. If it's not it
               | either A) doesn't actually exist or B) you just don't
               | understand it yet.
               | 
               | It's inherent to the meaning of the word.
        
               | mallowfram wrote:
               | A word is a material? You can show me the brain state
               | that corresponds repeatedly and with continuous accuracy
               | a single word? I don't think so.
               | 
               | You can train a computer to correspond to an individual's
               | idiosyncratic brain state for their word voxels, but no
               | one has yet to reduce the material to a single repeatable
               | voxel state.
               | 
               | "We refute (based on empirical evidence) claims that
               | humans use linguistic representations to think." Ev
               | Fedorenko Language Lab MIT 2024
               | 
               | The problem with the materialist POV is it doesn't solve
               | the most basic question of brain states. No not
               | everything is a material.
               | 
               | There clearly are processes, like oscillations, that
               | require material to some extent, but are not material
               | themselves. And that's the problem with the materialist
               | camp. If the oscillations, dynamically integrated, are
               | the source of intel/consciousness, then material may not
               | even be a requirement of life. We may just be material
               | sinks.
        
               | altruios wrote:
               | > There clearly are processes, like oscillations, that
               | require material to some extent, but are not material
               | themselves. And that's the problem with the materialist
               | camp. If the oscillations, dynamically integrated, are
               | the source of intel/consciousness, then material may not
               | even be a requirement of life. We may just be material
               | sinks.
               | 
               | I understand.
               | 
               | There is a however a flaw in that thinking.
               | 
               | There is no oscillation that exists outside of some
               | material/medium to oscillate. I agree it is important to
               | distinguish the water from the wave. There is no light
               | wave without the photon. Thus - I strongly suspect -
               | there is no consciousness without the brain (or similar
               | medium).
        
         | mallowdram wrote:
         | VR cannot be essential to decoding the brain as it deals in
         | topological maps and affinities.
        
       | aatd86 wrote:
       | The way it is phrased, looks like a pre computed model confronted
       | to real data. So... our current AIs except we have incremental
       | continuous training (accumulated experience)?
       | 
       | And dreams are simulation-based training to make life easier,
       | decision-making more efficient?
       | 
       | What kind of next level machinery is this?! ;D
        
       | _spduchamp wrote:
       | I wonder if this also relates to playing music.
        
       | mycall wrote:
       | > The same brain networks that normally help us imagine shortcuts
       | or possibilities can, when disrupted, trap us in intrusive
       | memories or hallucinations.
       | 
       | There is a fine line between this an wisdom. The Default Mode
       | Network (DMN) is the brain's "simulation machine". When you're
       | not focused on a specific task, the DMN fires up, allowing you to
       | daydream, remember the past, plan for the future, and contemplate
       | others' perspectives.
       | 
       | Wisdom is not about turning the machine off; it's about becoming
       | the director of the movie it's playing. A creative genius
       | envisioning a new world and a person trapped in a state of
       | torment isn't the hardware, but the learned software of
       | regulation, awareness, and perspective.
       | 
       | Wisdom is the process of learning to aim this incredible,
       | imaginative power toward flourishing instead of suffering. Saying
       | "trap us in intrusive memories or hallucinations" is the negative
       | side where there is also a positive side to it all.
        
         | mallowdram wrote:
         | Wisdom is an arbitrary concept. The drive to avoid suffering is
         | built from sensory and affective affinities and networks
         | funnlled into the cog-mapping motor systems. Calling this
         | wisdom is simply a simplistic narrative.
        
           | nzeid wrote:
           | Yeah. Not sure "flourishing" and "suffering" form a useful
           | dichotomy for "wisdom" to begin with. Life is way more
           | complicated than that.
        
         | idiotsecant wrote:
         | >A creative genius envisioning a new world and a person trapped
         | in a state of torment isn't the hardware, but the learned
         | software of regulation, awareness, and perspective.
         | 
         | No, it's hardware. There is no amount of 'wisdom' bootstraps
         | pulling that will make you not schizophrenic.
        
           | mallowfram wrote:
           | The brain isn't hardware, it's biology and oscillation and
           | integrations in optic flow. It can't be dichotomized into
           | hardware or software.
        
       | delichon wrote:
       | My theory is that this darting is the mechanism of consciousness.
       | We look inward and outward in a loop, which generates the
       | perception of being conscious in a similar way to how sequential
       | frames of film create the illusion of motion. That "persistence
       | of vision" is like the illusion of persistent, continuous
       | consciousness created by the inward-outward regard sequence.
       | Consciousness is a simple algorithm: look at the world, then look
       | at the self to evaluate its reaction to the world. Then repeat.
        
         | cantor_S_drug wrote:
         | Is this also the reason why darting eyes movements can be
         | linked (and is predictive of or can detect) to mental health
         | issues like schizophrenia, etc?
        
         | mallowdram wrote:
         | It's a mechanism of intelligence, not consciousness. Intel is
         | built up from path-integration, short-cuts, vicarious trial and
         | error that begins in very tiny local areas and expands to
         | landmark and non-landmark navigation. This switching between
         | vision and hippocampus has always been theorized about as the
         | fundamental sharp wave ripple threshold of how intelligence is
         | built as most mammals can do this, so it's not the "algorithm
         | of consciousness".
        
         | bmikaili wrote:
         | And funny enough this gets really close to the non-dualistic
         | philosophies of zen buddhism.
        
           | bwoah wrote:
           | You could probably go further upstream and make a loose
           | comparison to the concept of dependent arising
           | (Pratityasamutpada):
           | 
           | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-indian-buddhism/
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da
        
           | dataviz1000 wrote:
           | or T.S. Eliot's `Little Gidding`
        
         | Jeff_Brown wrote:
         | But why does that _feel_ like anything? I could write a program
         | that concurrently processes its visual input and its internal
         | model. I don 't think it would be conscious, unless everything
         | in the universe is conscious (a possibility I can't,
         | admittedly, discount).
        
           | delichon wrote:
           | > But why does that feel like anything?
           | 
           | Consciousness is an attention mechanism. That inward regard,
           | evaluating how the self reacts to the world, is attention
           | being payed to the body's feelings. The outward regard then
           | maps those feelings on to local space. Consciousness is
           | watching your feelings as a kind of HUD on the world. It
           | correlates feels to things.
        
             | EMIRELADERO wrote:
             | Sure, but that still leaves the mystery of how qualia is
             | generated in a mechanistic manner.
        
               | lanfeust6 wrote:
               | Yes. Still perplexing to be thrown into the world. How is
               | it that my individual experience is in this body but not
               | another one? Etc
        
           | Traubenfuchs wrote:
           | > But why does that feel like anything?
           | 
           | Orchestrated objective reduction or just an emerging proeprty
           | of:
           | 
           | Our 86 billion neurons, every single one deafeningly complex
           | molecular machine with hundred million of hundreds of
           | different receptor types, monoaminoxidae,
           | (reuptake)transporters, connections to other neurons.
        
           | exolymph wrote:
           | > But why does that feel like anything?
           | 
           | Anthropic principle: because it does. If it _didn 't_ feel
           | like anything, it wouldn't. But it does, so it does.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | This whole consciousness debate is just trumped up bs.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | Interesting idea called _transparent self model_ by Thomas
         | Metzinger, author of _The Ego Tunnel_ where he explains it
         | further.
         | 
         | The gist from my memory of 15+ years ago is that the brain
         | needs to model the world and then itself within the world,
         | creating a model that is transparent to itself, situated in the
         | world.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | From what...my friend say, this becomes evident with LSD.
         | 
         | They said it clearly amplified the internal part of some visual
         | perception loop, in fairly straightforward ways. For example,
         | intentionally trying to see something as it wasn't (like a
         | shadow as a snake) would make it be seen that way (the shadow
         | would take on a clear snake appearance, and even move a bit).
         | 
         | Some simple examples are all the face optical illusions
         | (Thatcher, reverse mask, etc), that show our perception of a
         | face is _in no way_ direct.
        
       | N_Lens wrote:
       | Going to new places is really therapeutic (Barring somewhere
       | obviously adverse), since that 'darting to reality' creates a
       | sense of presence.
       | 
       | I often find myself lost in my mental maps in daily life (Living
       | inside my head) unless I'm in a nice novel environment.
       | Meditation helps, however.
        
       | forinti wrote:
       | This takes me to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Your
       | physical experience of something has to be analysed in accordance
       | with your mental model of it in order to attain a diagnosis (in
       | the book it was a motorcycle engine).
       | 
       | My take on this is, especially in regard to debugging IT issues,
       | is that you have to constantly verify and update your mental
       | model (check your premises!) in order to better weed out
       | problems.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | There was a neural net paper like this that generated a lot of
       | discussion on HN, but that I haven't been able to find since (I
       | probably downloaded it, but that teaches me to always remember to
       | use Zotero because academic paper filenames are terrible.)
       | 
       | It was about replacing backprop with a mechanism that checked
       | outcomes against _predictions_ , and just adjusted parameters
       | that deviated from the predictions rather than the entire path.
       | It wasn't suitable for digital machines (because it isn't any
       | more efficient on digital machines) but it worked on analog
       | models. If anybody remembers this, I'd appreciate the link.
       | 
       | I might be garbling the paper because it's from memory and I'm
       | not an expert, but hopefully it's recognizable.
        
         | sirwhinesalot wrote:
         | I don't know if it is the paper you are thinking of (likely
         | not) but this idea of checking predictions against outcomes is
         | a very common idea in less mainstream AI research, including
         | the so called "energy-based models" of Yann LeCun and the
         | reference frames of the thousand brains project.
         | 
         | A recent paper posted here also looked at Recurrent Neural Nets
         | and how in simplifying the design to its core amounted to just
         | having a latent prediction and repeatedly adjusting that
         | prediction.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | If it wasn't a thread on HN, it's probably not. I don't think
           | it was LeCun. It was a long, well-illustrated paper with a
           | web version.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | It would be interesting to move beyond rats and into humans
       | binned via navigating their local area through understanding of
       | the street networks independent of any tooling, and those that
       | can't get down the street without mapping software telling them
       | what to do.
       | 
       | Anecdotally it is striking to see the contrast as a member of the
       | former group talking to people of the latter. They have truly no
       | idea where places are or how close they are to other places. It
       | is like these network connections aren't being made by them at
       | all. No sense of scale either of how large a place is or how far
       | away another place might be. I imagine this dependency on turn by
       | turn navigation with no spatial awareness leads to quite
       | different outcomes in terms of modes of thinking.
       | 
       | I mean, when I think about going to a place I am constructing a
       | mental map of the actual city map. I am considering geography,
       | cardinal directions, major corridors and their connectivity along
       | the route, rough estimates of distance, etc. My CPUs are being
       | used no doubt. Others though it is like a blankness in that wake.
       | CPUs idle. Follow the arrows. Who knows where north is? What is a
       | mile?
        
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