[HN Gopher] America is getting an AI gold rush instead of a fact...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       America is getting an AI gold rush instead of a factory boom
        
       Author : voxleone
       Score  : 453 points
       Date   : 2025-10-13 14:48 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I am perturbed by the power consumption of these behemoths
       | causing high market prices for everyone.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | We've been through this before; "history may not repeat itself
         | but it certainly rhymes":
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CottonopolisCropped.jpg
        
       | martinclayton wrote:
       | https://archive.is/TY950
        
       | nakamoto_damacy wrote:
       | Wait. What if the AI gold rush contributes to better industrial
       | robotics and ushers in an AI industrial revolution? China already
       | has dark factories with no humans on the assembly line. Isn't
       | that a possible outcome of the AI gold rush? (I mean omitting the
       | fact that ChatGPT 5 Pro still says stuff like: "You're right. I
       | made a bad inference and defended it. That's on me." We don't
       | want that behavior on the assembly line.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | What if it contributes to an evisceration of the middle class,
         | instead? Hiring for new grads is already dead because of it,
         | and it's not going to be coming back.
         | 
         | It's having the same sort of impact as unlimited immigration,
         | except that in this case, the workers don't need weekends, or
         | pay taxes.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | Hiring new grads is dead because companies are cutting their
           | spending while they wait to see how Trump's erratic behavior
           | shakes out and for interest rates to drop.
           | 
           | AI is making almost no difference in hiring at all.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | Decision makers are certainly quicker to opt for workforce
             | reductions in response to tariff uncertainty / high
             | interest rates, because they believe that LLMs can pick up
             | the slack.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | China has been building robots and robotic manufacturing
         | without AI. So why AI? Because the AI is a grift for those who
         | can get exposure to its potential gains during the exuberance,
         | while China builds actual capabilities. Profits and fiat are
         | shared delusions, monetarily speaking, robots and factories are
         | real, and will build real things.
         | 
         |  _Western executives who visit China are coming back terrified_
         | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45563018 - October 2025
         | 
         |  _Was Made in China 2025 Successful? [pdf]_ -
         | https://www.uschamber.com/assets/documents/Was-Made-in-China...
         | - May 5th, 2025
         | 
         |  _ASPI's two-decade Critical Technology Tracker: The rewards of
         | long-term research investment_ -
         | https://www.aspi.org.au/report/aspis-two-decade-critical-tec...
         | - August 28th, 2024
         | 
         | > Now covering 64 critical technologies and crucial fields
         | spanning defence, space, energy, the environment, artificial
         | intelligence (AI), biotechnology, robotics, cyber, computing,
         | advanced materials and key quantum technology areas, the Tech
         | Tracker's dataset has been expanded and updated from five years
         | of data (previously, 2018-2022) to 21 years of data
         | (2003-2023). These new results reveal the stunning shift in
         | research leadership over the past two decades towards large
         | economies in the Indo-Pacific, led by China's exceptional
         | gains. The US led in 60 of 64 technologies in the five years
         | from 2003 to 2007, but in the most recent five years
         | (2019-2023) is leading in seven. China led in just three of 64
         | technologies in 2003-2007 but is now the lead country in 57 of
         | 64 technologies in 2019-2023, increasing its lead from our
         | rankings last year (2018-2022), where it was leading in 52
         | technologies.
        
           | CuriouslyC wrote:
           | AI isn't directly a grift, however it's going to be
           | backstopped by the president, and top investors know, so
           | market discipline is out the window. Robotics is the thing
           | that will let China dump money into AI sustainably (in
           | addition to their energy supremacy). That was the point of AI
           | is Too Big to Fail.
        
         | Bratmon wrote:
         | This is why I don't like the term "AI". Because it leads to
         | people thinking that ChatGPT is somehow relevant to the field
         | of robotics.
        
           | JohnMakin wrote:
           | To some, this is a feature of the term, not a bug.
        
         | ReliantGuyZ wrote:
         | I'm unclear on what people see in the current AI tech
         | advancements that makes them think it will contribute to better
         | manufacturing. The new feature of LLMs that makes them so
         | interesting is their ability accept input and flexibly follow
         | arbitrary instructions, meaning they're really good for varied
         | work, especially when there are a wide range of acceptable
         | answers ("creative work"). Everything I know about
         | manufacturing at scale is that you want a person or machine
         | that follows a _tiny_ instruction set (at least in comparison
         | to the potential flexibilities of an LLM) and nails the
         | execution _every time_. This seems to me like the complete
         | opposite of the strengths of an AI system like the ones that
         | Wall Street are cheering.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | I am not an expert in this, and don't necessarily believe it.
           | But the pitch is that existing manufacturing automation
           | requires that specificity due to technical constraints. And
           | that much of the factory automation that hasn't happened is
           | because it's too costly to get to that level of specificity
           | in that the existing automation requires higher scale to be
           | cost effective. If you had more general purpose intelligence
           | you could get around those constraints.
           | 
           | The video models are the ones that seem to be attracting the
           | most attention in this area as it seems do similar to sight
           | recognition.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | > existing manufacturing automation requires that
             | specificity due to technical constraints
             | 
             | Rather the opposite, I'd say: existing manufacturing
             | automation is built around repetitive motions because an
             | assembly line is making _multiples of the same product_.
             | Having AI reinvent the wheel for every individual item is
             | completely pointless.
             | 
             | One-off manufacturing _can_ to a certain extent be
             | automated. We 're already seeing that with things like 3D
             | printing and dirt-cheap basic PCB assembly. However, in
             | most cases economies of scale prevent that from widespread
             | generalization to entire products: ordering 100 or 1000 is
             | _always_ going to be have significantly lower per-unit
             | costs than ordering 1, and if you 're ordering 1000 you can
             | probably afford a human spending some time on setting up
             | robots or optimizing the design for existing setups.
             | 
             | There are undoubtedly some areas where the current AI boom
             | can provide helpful tooling, but I don't expect it to lead
             | to a manufacturing revolution.
        
               | buu700 wrote:
               | I think you could make an analogy to the difference
               | between ASICs and general-purpose CPUs. ASICs are great,
               | but CPUs have flexibility and massive economies of scale.
               | Similarly, a specialized machine might be more efficient
               | than a humanoid robot at a particular task, but advanced
               | humanoid robots could theoretically do all the tasks and
               | as a result would likely end up being manufactured in
               | very high volume.
               | 
               | Imagine a future where any hardware startup could design
               | and provision an assembly line as easily and cheaply as
               | software startups today use cloud computing. Maybe after
               | a certain scale it becomes economical to consider
               | replacing steps of the manufacturing process with "ASIC"
               | solutions, but maybe there'd be a long tail of things
               | which would continue to remain best served by general-
               | purpose robots indefinitely.
        
               | beeflet wrote:
               | What if everything in the economy could be efficiently
               | produced through one-off manufacturing methods? This is
               | something I have been thinking about a lot lately as i've
               | been working on 3d printing/CNC/aluminum casting.
               | 
               | It avoids the need for any sort of parts shipping, and
               | can be easily retooled to make war machines in a time of
               | emergency (which is one of the motivations to bring back
               | american manufacturing).
               | 
               | The main problem with this is that you still need
               | surface-mount components if you are going to make PCBs,
               | and you still need magnets to make motors, etc.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | I've heard that the general transformer architecture ( _not_
           | specifically LLMs, which imply a _language_ model, but
           | applied to sensory perceptions and outputting motor commands)
           | has actually been fairly successful when applied to robotics.
           | You want your overall assembly line to have a tiny,
           | repeatable instruction set, but inside each of those
           | individual instructions is oftentimes a complex motion that
           | 's very dependent upon chaotic physical realities. Think of
           | being able to orient a part or deal with a stuck bolt, for
           | example. AI Transformers potentially would allow us to
           | replace several steps in the assembly that currently require
           | human workers with robots, and that in turn makes the rest of
           | the assembly much more reproducible (and cheaper).
           | 
           | Training these models takes a bunch more time, because you
           | first need to build special hardware that allows a human to
           | do these motions while having a computer record all the
           | sensor inputs and outputs, and then you need to have the
           | human do them a few thousand times, while LLMs just scrape
           | all the content on the Internet. But it's potentially a lot
           | more impactful, because it allows robots to impact the
           | physical world and not just the printed word.
        
             | grues-dinner wrote:
             | And it's a nice problem to solve with AI of many kinds
             | because you can forward-solve the kinematic solution and
             | check for "hallucinations": collisions, exceeding
             | acceleration limits, etc. If your solution doesn't "pass",
             | generate another one until it does. Then grade according to
             | "efficiency" metrics and feed it back in.
             | 
             | As long as you do that, the penalty for a a slop-based
             | fuckup is just a less efficient toolpath.
        
           | arcbyte wrote:
           | Manufacturing robotics is all about movement. All movement
           | exists on a spectrum of difficulty and context needed to
           | perform. For instance, welding the steel plates together in
           | an empty and repeatable consistent 3d space is now on the
           | lower end of difficulty. Navigating through a partially
           | manufactured vehicle cab to install a complicated dash
           | assembly requires a lot of context and is incredibly
           | difficult for a robot to do.
           | 
           | The more we can bring down all the difficulty of all these
           | processes, the more we can accelerate manufacturing locally.
        
             | cvz wrote:
             | That's at odds with everything I know about manufacturing
             | robotics, having worked with people doing that work. The
             | complexity of the environment is irrelevant because the
             | robot is programmed to make a specific motion and to adjust
             | that motion in predictable ways based on the appearance of
             | specific features. That is by design, not because (or at
             | least not just because) the robot is incapable of planning
             | its own motion. The whole system is designed to be
             | predictable instead of adaptable because that's what you
             | need to do to do the same thing millions of times.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | > The whole system is designed to be predictable instead
               | of adaptable because that's what you need to do to do the
               | same thing millions of times.
               | 
               | That final "millions" is the problem. Automation is great
               | and easy when you will do the same thing millions of
               | times. Sure it might cost half a million to program the
               | robot (which itself cost half a million) - but that is
               | $1.00 per part, and it goes down as you make more. When
               | you are only building 10 though a million dollars is a
               | lot of money and so you want humans - or robots that are
               | "CAPABLE of plannings its own motion".
               | 
               | Costs have been going down. In high school I took the
               | class on how to write g-code (I have one free period so I
               | took shop for non-college bound kids for fun even though
               | I was college bound - it was a great time that I highly
               | recommend even though it was only for fun). These days
               | almost everyone just uses their CAD/CAM and isn't even
               | aware that the g-code is supposed to be a human readable
               | programming language. (it probably isn't)
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | And yet China already has 100% automated vehicle production
             | lines.
             | 
             | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/10/12/why-
             | western-...
        
             | crote wrote:
             | > Navigating through a partially manufactured vehicle cab
             | to install a complicated dash assembly requires a lot of
             | context and is incredibly difficult for a robot to do.
             | 
             | Not really. The robots are programmed by having a human
             | manually guide it, so the robot itself doesn't really have
             | to do any navigation - it just has to follow a predefined
             | path.
             | 
             | Want to install different variants of dash components?
             | Split it up into methods and have the robot return to a
             | neutral position after each method. You're _literally_
             | programming it.
        
           | credit_guy wrote:
           | That's not how the LLMs should be used in manufacturing. It
           | is still the current assembly lines robots that will do that.
           | LLMs can be used by the humans who design the automation
           | workflow, as coding assistants. That can lower the breakeven
           | number of items that can be automated. Maybe if today it only
           | makes sense to automate the manufacturing of a widget only if
           | you can sell more than 100000 of those widgets, then with LLM
           | assistance that number can be reduced to 1000. Whenever you
           | have a 10x improvement of something, there's scope for a
           | mini-revolution to happen.
        
           | smileson2 wrote:
           | I'm not even clear on what people mean when they say 'AI'
           | anymore
        
         | Lapel2742 wrote:
         | > factories with no humans on the assembly line.
         | 
         | Not an American myself, but why should that be good for
         | ordinary American citizens?
         | 
         | Few people make loads of money, some Gen-Xer secure the value
         | of their 401k and the younger ones are out of job?
        
           | smileson2 wrote:
           | we're talking about what really matters here, the investors
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | This is great for ordinary Americans. It means you don't have
           | to do the boring assembly jobs, but you still get the
           | benefits for vast amounts of mass produced goods. (some of it
           | is junk, but that is a different topic). Those goods should
           | be cheap as well because they are mass produced with little
           | labor costs. The only ones who lose are those who are want to
           | do boring work instead of something creative. (or those who
           | are incapable of doing something else)
           | 
           | There is the constant argument that what when machines do
           | everything. We are not there yet, and so far there is no
           | reason to think we will be anytime soon.
        
             | crote wrote:
             | > Those goods should be cheap as well because they are mass
             | produced with little labor costs.
             | 
             | If only. In reality they'll be as expensive as they can
             | make them without completely killing sales, just like they
             | are right now.
        
             | scared_together wrote:
             | > The only ones who lose are those who are want to do
             | boring work instead of something creative.
             | 
             | Aren't the creative jobs also being taken by LLMs and image
             | generators?
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | > This is great for ordinary Americans.
             | 
             | If that's true, why isn't unrestricted immigration[1] good
             | for them? It means that the citizens don't have to do the
             | boring immigrant jobs, but still get the benefits for vast
             | amounts of immigrant-produced goods and services.
             | 
             | The only ones who will lose out are ones who 'want to'[2]
             | do the boring immigrant jobs.
             | 
             | AI can't just handwave all this shit away because
             | 'technology good'. Whether or you agree with these concerns
             | or not, there's a _massive_ backlash from various flavors
             | of nativists about jobs. Why isn 't it directed at all of
             | these pie in the sky AI promises?
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | [1] Or, you know, just buying imports from China. What
             | difference does it make to me _where_ a factory is located,
             | when that factory doesn 't employ me or my neighbours? The
             | people collecting profits from it aren't going to share
             | them with us.
             | 
             | [2] What does it mean to 'want to' do a 'boring' job?
             | Rent's due in two weeks, 'wants' don't enter into it much.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Unrestricted immigration is good - they just want a
               | 'boogyman' to blame unrelated problems on.
        
               | nxm wrote:
               | Sarcasm much I hope
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The truth. If you think otherwise you have been mislead
               | by people who have been good at pushing a narrative and
               | never been challenged.
        
             | Lapel2742 wrote:
             | > The only ones who lose are those who are want to do
             | boring work instead of something creative.
             | 
             | Yes! I'm pretty sure the guy working his ass of at the
             | factory does so because brain surgeon doesn't pay enough...
             | 
             | Is this the next version of "trickle down economics"?
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | Journalists keep conflating LLMs with AI. You don't use an
         | entire DC with its own power plant to keep a line of robotic
         | welders online and working.
        
           | 0xcafefood wrote:
           | FWIW journalists are just following the lead of tech
           | executives and others hyping LLMs as "AI" so it's hard to
           | fault the journalists specifically.
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | They've been trained by a decade of referring to advanced
             | cruise control as "full self-driving".
        
             | GOD_Over_Djinn wrote:
             | I beg to differ. Journalists are supposed to do their own
             | investigation and analysis of the people, institutions, and
             | events that they report on. If they just parrot the talking
             | points of executives, then they're producing
             | advertisements, not journalism.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Fair, but there have never been very many journalists in
               | the world. Between lazy fact checkers and there being
               | more money in sensationalist reporting (My American
               | history classes covered this back in the 1800s, and I
               | have no doubt other history classes of earlier times will
               | as well) there has never been much.
        
         | seydor wrote:
         | Someone has to run the robots. And i bet it's not going to be
         | the educated but spoiled workforce of the developed western
         | world, but that will be outsourced to offshore destinations.
         | 
         | I think there's something cultural about wanting office jobs
         | related to power over people, where you can always slack
         | instead of waking up every day at 8 to go to the factory
        
           | jerlam wrote:
           | Right. There is no reason why "AI-enabled" factories would be
           | built in countries that struggle to build and run normal
           | factories, and where the cost of materials is high.
        
         | nakamoto_damacy wrote:
         | EDIT: To the idiots downvoting: Why?
        
         | starky wrote:
         | This is assuming that "AI" isn't already being used extensively
         | on manufacturing lines. Computer Vision has used "AI" neural
         | networks for years for various tasks. The issue is that it is a
         | lot of investment to implement automated assembly and there are
         | still enough places in the world where labour is cheap enough
         | to make it not worth it. As I said to one of my suppliers
         | recently when they asked how their factory compared to others,
         | "Automation is nice to have, but at the end of the day I'm
         | choosing a vendor based on who can get me the product cheapest,
         | quickest, and with high quality."
        
       | lnsru wrote:
       | Just my 5 cents. Running factory is damn hard job. 10 products
       | built from 50 different parts having 70 different vendors is a
       | small nightmare. So me people can manage that, but the most
       | can't. Most people in Western world also cannot imagine staying
       | at conveyor belt or table doing the same assembly task whole
       | week. I work in a factory and see this daily.
        
         | thaack wrote:
         | > Most people in Western world also cannot imagine staying at
         | conveyor belt or table doing the same assembly task whole week.
         | I work in a factory and see this daily.
         | 
         | My family owns a small plastic manufacturing plant in the US.
         | This is the biggest problem they face. The western worker's
         | appetite for a low skill monotonous manufacturing job is very
         | small. The business loses employees to Walmart etc. despite the
         | factory having higher pay and significantly better benefits.
        
           | candiddevmike wrote:
           | If they're losing employees, then they must not have that
           | much higher pay or better benefits for it to be worth it to
           | work there. I don't think you can easily blame it on the job
           | being monotonous...
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | The job being monotonous is clearly enough of a downside
             | that significantly higher pay and benefits are needed to
             | attract talent.
             | 
             | Paying higher wages _might_ help retain employees (or not!
             | there are jobs people just won't keep doing no matter the
             | pay) but doing so could easily increase costs to the point
             | where your product is uncompetitive in the market. It also
             | might just be worth having higher turnover in order to keep
             | prices low.
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | _there are jobs people just won't keep doing no matter
               | the pay_
               | 
               | I do not believe this common claim.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Theoretically, an utterly horrible job with great pay
               | would attract a lot of workers who do it for some time to
               | get a financial boost before moving on.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | Obviously there is some ludicrous threshold of pay where
               | more people will decide to do some job. But for
               | _practical_ purposes the pay needs to be in line with
               | still being able to price your products competitively in
               | a global marketplace.
               | 
               | Even $10,000/yr more might not be enough to move the
               | needle all that much on a job that's backbreaking,
               | monotonous, and with little prospects for career growth.
               | Especially if you have a limited pool of applicants due
               | to your location.
        
               | snozolli wrote:
               | _Obviously there is some ludicrous threshold of pay where
               | more people will decide to do some job_
               | 
               | Ludicrous only from the perspective of the employer.
               | Everyone wants something for nothing.
               | 
               | The fact is that regular Americans (i.e. not exploited,
               | immigrant labor, or oppressed out-groups) used to do
               | manual labor and manufacturing in the United States. They
               | took pride in their labor. People haven't changed, the
               | economics have.
               | 
               | As for your last paragraph, the oil fields have been able
               | to meet their need for employees for the most part, and
               | that ticks every one of your undesirable factors. So what
               | gets workers there? Pay.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | You used to be able to buy a nice house in the suburbs
               | with car in the garage and a white picket fence, support
               | a stay-at-home wife with three kids, put them all through
               | college, and take annual vacations to Disneyland or the
               | Caribbean, and cover the healthcare needs of the whole
               | family, all on the salary of a high school educated
               | factory worker. Now all that sounds impossible. You'd
               | have to pay factory workers well into six figures for a
               | lifestyle like that.
               | 
               | What happened? Cost disease [1]. All of the big ticket
               | things in that lifestyle (except for the car) skyrocketed
               | in price relative to inflation.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol_effect
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That was never the reality for most factory workers.
               | Usually the car was cramped with a single bathroom, the
               | wife picked up some part-time work, most vacations were
               | road trips to go camping, and not all the kids went to
               | college. Inflation and growing income inequality are
               | legitimate problems but let's not paint an unrealistic
               | picture of "the good old days".
        
               | ponector wrote:
               | Obviously it was only for white people. And for sure not
               | a regular factory worker who is doing simple tasks. Maybe
               | floor manager...
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Not a sprinter van clearly if it was cramped with a
               | single bathroom.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Whoops too late to edit I meant house.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Pay, plus a willingness to hire workers who might not be
               | tolerated in other jobs due to background check issues or
               | HR policy violations. (I am not claiming this is
               | necessarily a bad thing.)
        
               | Pulcinella wrote:
               | We need actual data to decide how significant is
               | "significant." Otherwise you will just have businesses
               | complaining no one wants to work for "significantly"
               | higher pay (a whole $0.05/hour more).
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | I'm sorry but this is a ridiculous take. $0.05/hr is $104
               | a year for a full-time job. Zero people are going to have
               | that be the tipping point for them to take on a
               | monotonous, often physically draining job that they'd
               | otherwise turn down.
        
               | Pulcinella wrote:
               | Yes that is my point. What business owners consider
               | "significant" and what sane people consider significant
               | are often quite different.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | I apologize, I misread this and thought you were
               | suggesting that $0.05 _was_ significant.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | You underestimate the low end of the labor market. People
               | may not jump for a nickel, but they absolutely will for
               | $0.25-0.30.
        
               | lenkite wrote:
               | A lot of folks like repeatable, monotonous jobs. They can
               | loose themselves in a trance doing the same thing for
               | hours.
               | 
               | The problem is that American bosses will never hire these
               | kind of people. They can never pass the interview game.
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | Except you can't just zone away in a factory job. Workers
               | need to pay attention if they don't like injuries. It the
               | job doesn't need much skill, it doesn't necessarily mean
               | it's easy or safe.
        
           | gaindustries wrote:
           | > The business loses employees to Walmart etc. despite the
           | factory having higher pay and significantly better benefits.
           | 
           | Better pay + benefits than the most rock bottom lowest
           | possible pay + benefits is really pathetic.
           | 
           | And based on the vagueness of your claims, we can assume
           | full-time hours are also out of the picture, meaning no
           | health insurance.
           | 
           | On top of that, tyranical small business owners are usually a
           | nightmare to work for.
        
             | thaack wrote:
             | It's all full time 4x10 work with the employer covering
             | 100% of health insurance premiums.
        
               | gaindustries wrote:
               | There's somethhing you're not telling us or not being
               | honest about.
        
               | flybrand wrote:
               | It's common. People would rather work in a Wal-Mart as it
               | is more social and less demanding. The physical space is
               | nicer.
        
               | culll_kuprey wrote:
               | It's probably the hours. A lower middle class income is
               | not worth losing my every waking hour over.
        
             | jordanb wrote:
             | Decent chance given that it's a plastics plant probably not
             | unionized and probably in a red state that the air is not
             | healthy to breathe.
        
           | kelipso wrote:
           | Feels like there are a bunch of factories like that in the
           | Midwest even now. There's a Honda factory near the Columbus,
           | OH area where you have a bunch of employees doing absolute
           | monotonous work all day like checking if a screw is the right
           | shape or something. These jobs are slowly getting automated
           | but it's not like no one would do them if they are available.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Marysville
        
           | honkostani wrote:
           | Should hire us autists and allow us to program via voice
           | commands and augmented reality.. i would love something
           | almost automate-able while doing something that also needs
           | higher brain functions.
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | > The business loses employees to Walmart etc. despite the
           | factory having higher pay and significantly better benefits.
           | 
           | Q: Do you ever use an online job service to advertise jobs
           | and collect applications?
           | 
           | Asking because my 5 sons all learned that job portals auto-
           | trash applications w/o a job history (1st time job seekers).
           | 
           | Other viable but never-seen applicants: Minimal or sporadic
           | job history, the most minimal of criminal records, the wrong
           | zip code.
           | 
           | Seen but never hired: _Fully_ qualified people who are awful
           | at job interviews.
        
             | thaack wrote:
             | I have no involvement with the plant directly. My
             | understanding is the best luck they had was getting in good
             | graces with local probation officers & craigslist
             | classifieds. Job portals were pretty useless from my
             | understanding.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > the best luck they had was getting in good graces with
               | local probation officers & craigslist classifieds.
               | 
               | I appreciate the answer. And I understand that you may
               | not have more-granular info than this.
               | 
               | But I am wondering what how jobs were advertised prior to
               | utilizing ProbOff/CL. Maybe the answer is this. There was
               | no avenue to get job listings in front of the most likely
               | eyeballs.
        
               | phillyboy82 wrote:
               | Companies go to ManPower or other job staffing agencies
               | when they need X number of low level employees or temps
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Companies go to ManPower or other job staffing agencies
               | 
               | Son #1 got employed there early but it turned out that a
               | small group had a deal with management and got 100% of
               | the work. New hires went out on one job immediately and
               | then never again.
        
               | phillyboy82 wrote:
               | Also they'll do local job fairs on site, at local
               | community colleges. You'd be surprised how many people
               | still listen to FM in their car so ads go up there too
               | locally.
        
               | dfedbeef wrote:
               | Uh... The newspaper.
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | I don't understand why Craigslist is being framed as a
               | some step down here (while probation clearly is).
               | Craiglist is exactly where you instantly have many eyes
               | on your ad and people will send in resumes without the
               | bullshit filtering of the various portals.
               | 
               | Outside of an urban area, you won't necessary be
               | overwhelmed with resumes. If you portray your job
               | realistically, you'll get people realistically interested
               | in your job.
        
               | joenot443 wrote:
               | > There was no avenue to get job listings in front of the
               | most likely eyeballs
               | 
               | Bit of an aside, but if anyone else is in this position
               | and trying to reach the eyeballs of jobseekers who aren't
               | actively using portals, I really can't recommend local
               | Facebook groups enough.
               | 
               | A post from a real account (not the business) saying
               | "Gizmo Plastics are hiring line workers for $18/h, anyone
               | interested?" will get some guaranteed traction. In my
               | small town Ontario groups, I've never seen a post looking
               | for laborers go ignored.
        
             | i80and wrote:
             | > job portals auto-trash applications w/o a job history
             | (1st time job seekers).
             | 
             | It rather feels lately like civilization is the project of
             | putting up as many catch-22's as we can.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | I guess most of these jobs don't allow for music or YouTube
           | to be used during work?
           | 
           | I'm just thinking that people already spend a lot of time
           | just consuming content, so if it were possible to watch
           | YouTube while at the factory, maybe it wouldn't be as
           | unpopular.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | Listening to music should work, no pun intended. Watching
             | YouTube though?
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Yeah I guess it's probably not realistic for most factory
               | jobs. I am just thinking that "get paid $20 an hour to do
               | a simple task and watch YouTube/listen to music" is
               | actually kind of appealing to many people.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | This is a lot of security guard and front desk jobs. if a
               | boss doesn't like smartphones on the job, I know people
               | who read books or knit between tasks.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | When I was 18 I got paid below minimum wage to sit in my
               | car delivering pizzas while listening to the radio. Far
               | better than the higher paid shop job I tried at
               | university.
               | 
               | Today with not just unlimited music (with no adverts),
               | but the vast amounts of audio books you can listen to,
               | it's even more appealing for people with limited
               | financial obligations.
        
               | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
               | > Watching YouTube though?
               | 
               | Yeah, I can't make that work. Only my most routine work
               | can be done with the TV on (and providing it's my 5th
               | rewatch).
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | It's a matter of habit and personal traits.
               | 
               | I grew up doing homework with the TV on and still
               | sometimes work with a tiny video overlay showing some
               | anime or tv show.
               | 
               | You basically pay attention to a small part of it, and
               | switch focus as needed (pause your task or pause the
               | video). You'll still miss a lot of the video but you just
               | don't care.
               | 
               | I know this is unthinkable to some people but I've met
               | more than one person who does it, so it's not ultra-rare.
               | Possibly related to ADD/ADHD? I don't know.
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | Having worked at a very simple factory job that involved
               | hot-pressing plastic-aluminium film into shapes, yeah,
               | that would end badly. It's unskilled job, that doesn't
               | mean it's mindless.
               | 
               | If you look away from your job you might lose a finger,..
               | or *gasp* even worse, stop production!
        
             | rgblambda wrote:
             | From my limited experience working in a factory
             | environment, listening to music can be a real workplace
             | safety issue if it reduces your ability to hear forklifts
             | or coworkers shouting warnings.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Do you hire deaf people?
               | 
               | I always found the laws prohibiting drivers from wearing
               | earplugs (some exemptions for motorcycles) and the like
               | pretty funny.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | US employers cannot discriminate against a deaf person
               | and must make reasonable accommodations to make it safe
               | for them to do their job.
               | 
               | US employers are not legally required to make
               | accommodations for people who simply want to listen to
               | music at work.
               | 
               | Today's vehicles already have a lot of sound deadening
               | (and good stereos) and it is becoming a problem for
               | emergency vehicles.
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lvTBmBDPno
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | > US employers cannot discriminate against a deaf person
               | and must make reasonable accommodations to make it safe
               | for them to do their job.
               | 
               | > US employers are not legally required to make
               | accommodations for people who simply want to listen to
               | music at work.
               | 
               | So it would be reasonably possible, but since it's not
               | legally required they'd rather make their workers
               | miserable for no benefit, and then complain how difficult
               | it is to hire people?
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Well, just because an employer can make reasonable
               | accommodations for one or a few deaf people, doesn't
               | necessarily mean that it would be reasonable or safe for
               | the entire organization to operate in the same way. A
               | "reasonable accommodation" could be something like a
               | modified job role. E.g. you might move someone from a
               | role that can't safely be done while deaf into a role
               | that they could do. That's something that you could do
               | for one or a couple of people, but you couldn't do for
               | everybody.
               | 
               | I do agree with the sentiment that employers should take
               | more efforts to make their jobs enjoyable to do. But some
               | job sites have things that can kill people. The reason
               | that heavy machinery beeps when it backs up is because
               | people died at work before it did.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | If you have even the slightest amount of situational
               | awareness sound deadening or infotainment gizmos will not
               | render you unaware of an approaching emergency vehicle.
               | Scan your mirrors, scan your instruments, scan the
               | horizon, repeat. The problem is unqualified, uneducated
               | drivers.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Sound is great because it does not require line of sight.
               | There's a reason why emergency vehicles have both lights
               | and sirens, and it isn't because all of them have
               | unnecessary equipment.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | Agreed, but the root cause of the issue the emergency
               | vehicle operator are noticing isn't sound deadening or
               | infotainment gizmos, it's inattentive distracted drivers.
               | Probably playing with their cell phones instead of
               | driving. Similarly, in a manufacturing situation playing
               | with your phone or watching tv is likely to cause
               | problems. Inattention and inability to focus on the job
               | is the problem. You can't solve that with technology, but
               | you can with education.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Distracted driving is certainly a problem.
               | 
               | But, have you ever driven a quiet vehicle in an urban
               | area where there are plenty of objects to block your line
               | of sight? It is quite easy for a emergency vehicle to
               | sneak up on you in a modern vehicle _even when you are
               | paying attention_.
               | 
               | It's really a simple relationship -- if you block sound,
               | it makes it harder to hear things.
               | 
               | This is exactly the reason why newer emergency vehicles
               | have things like rumbler sirens. These sirens don't do
               | anything to make people more attentive, but what they do
               | is generate frequencies that are more likely to penetrate
               | into modern vehicles.
        
               | motorest wrote:
               | > Do you hire deaf people?
               | 
               | I think you may start to understand the requirement once
               | you realize the issue is where attention is and is not
               | placed, instead of what sense is being exercised.
               | 
               | I mean, think about it. The recommendation was to consume
               | forms of entertainment. In the factory I worked, there
               | was a mandatory safety rule where you were required to
               | establish eye contact with forklift drivers. Why is that
               | a requirement?
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | Funny - eye contact is my "secret" to crossing the road
               | in places like south east asia
        
               | EasyMark wrote:
               | that's not a problem if the people who will be
               | interacting with fork lifts stay in designated areas as
               | do the forklift operators. Nothing is ever going to b 0%
               | chance of an accident but simply adhering to basic rules
               | should keep people on an assembly line listening to
               | spotify from taking a forklift to the knee. Have you ever
               | worked on a factory floor at all? Sure some positions
               | would be impossible but not for 80-90% of them.
        
               | rgblambda wrote:
               | In the factory floor I previously worked in, you needed
               | to cross the forklift's domain to go to the bathroom and
               | break room. This involved using exits also used by the
               | forklift. You needed to hear it coming.
               | 
               | Even setting aside the forklift, having music playing
               | reduces your ability to hear a coworker shout "Help, my
               | clothes are caught on the line. Push the emergency stop".
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Music might be allowed - though the factory is often loud
             | enough that it isn't really practical. You still need to be
             | able to hear the safety signals though.
             | 
             | YouTube cannot be allowed - you need to be ready to work
             | when the line moves the next part to you. There are also
             | safety concerns with watching youtube instead of the
             | various hazards which are always there.
        
             | DavidPeiffer wrote:
             | I work in manufacturing. There are a few instances where
             | watching YouTube may not be a huge hazard, but 98% of the
             | roles I've seen the are reasonable reasons to not permit
             | that. If nothing else, it'd be easy to let quality suffer
             | which causes many bigger headaches.
             | 
             | I went to a panel discussion at a conference last year.
             | Operations managers agreed labor was their biggest
             | challenge. The manager for the promotional materials
             | company who was probably around 60 discussed how he has
             | loosened up a bit the last ~15 years. If someone sends a
             | couple texts and it slightly impacts the units they
             | (personally) do per hour, it was better than being super
             | strict and losing employees. He had to adapt because the
             | mentality was far different than when he started in the
             | workforce.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | He just needs to wait a decade, the Chinese workers will
               | be retiring and will not be replaced. Entire product
               | segments probably just go away or the inflation raises
               | the table such that the managers situation now is the
               | norm. Problem solved.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | You seem obsessed with the "China population collapse"
               | propaganda (which is put out by the usual suspects, btw).
               | Anyways, I hate to break it to you, but this is also the
               | trend throughout the entire Western world. Besides,
               | automation and AI is going offset a lot of those worker
               | losses (which is actually a win). And in 20 years the
               | Chinese will still be giving birth to as many if not more
               | people than the entire combine West.
        
               | IsTom wrote:
               | That's true that West has population decline as well, but
               | due to 1 child policy the decline in China is going to be
               | much steeper.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | I think mainly on the pensions side of things, and
               | perhaps a lot of empty real estate and infra maintenance
               | issues. But they will still be graduating more engineers
               | than the West combined and in general, a better educated
               | and more socially cohesive workforce. I think they are
               | gonna be just fine, even if we don't like their political
               | system (which will likely evolve, anyways).
        
               | baq wrote:
               | China demographics are disastrous, this is not
               | propaganda, it's facts. That doesn't mean western aren't
               | disastrous.
               | 
               | I agree it won't matter too much, they'll automate more
               | so they won't need this many people.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | So how is that a disaster? Wasn't one of the big concerns
               | a decade or go about over population? This means less
               | agriculture required, more land for nature, less
               | pollution, fewer energy needs, etc.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | It's a disaster for China's economy in the long term
               | unless they automate themselves, which they'll very much
               | want to do. It isn't a disaster for the natural ecosystem
               | obviously.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Want to do? They're doing it now, and are ahead of the
               | west in some processes already. It's a made up concern
               | because they are a geopolitical rival. And their economy
               | is already a major success story; they've lifted
               | something like 800 million people out of abject poverty
               | in the last 25 years.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | I don't disagree about the economic outcome today, but I
               | don't understand how you can say that demographics issues
               | are made up - either they are made up in the west, too,
               | or they aren't. Nobody knows what will happen in the next
               | 25 years, maybe nothing much, maybe we'll all be replaced
               | by humanoid robots in the west, in the east and in the
               | third world, too.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | They are made up in sense of it being some kind huge
               | pending disaster for China. Also, trends can reverse with
               | the right policies.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | The disaster is a classic train wreck in super slow
               | motion best proxied by 30-year government bond yield,
               | currently the highest on the curve at 2.27.
        
               | cpursley wrote:
               | Meh, the same usual suspects doing the predicting have
               | been wildly wrong on nearly all things China for the past
               | 30 years.
        
           | pseudocomposer wrote:
           | Obviously, the "higher pay and significantly better benefits"
           | are not actually significantly better. I'd rather we address
           | that than just exploit some other workers overseas where
           | they're out of sight, out of mind. Honestly, it seems like
           | tariffs on imported goods would be the way around this, but
           | also, we need to be sure that money is going to the people
           | doing the work, not just the owners.
           | 
           | Speaking of which, I don't really know your business, but a
           | post starting with "my family owns a business" and ending
           | with "we lose workers to Walmart even though we pay them
           | more" (with no specificity as to how much more).... This
           | really comes off like a problem with the business itself, not
           | the overall market.
        
             | phillyboy82 wrote:
             | Wrong. Kids brains are fried from phones / social media so
             | much that they struggle with repetitive labor.
             | 
             | I see this all the time at an automotive plant. UAW wages
             | are good, especially after the last contract, but we still
             | get people who struggle putting a sticker on a car for an
             | hour straight before their break or task switch.
        
               | hitarpetar wrote:
               | finally a positive framing on social media addiction
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | "Get addicted to this phone, son, or you'll end up
               | working in a factory!"
        
               | denkmoon wrote:
               | Then long hours of repetitive labor are a skill which
               | needs to be attracted for.
        
               | dangus wrote:
               | So are you saying China doesn't have smartphones or
               | social media?
               | 
               | UAW wages are "good" but you have to realize that you are
               | competing with a service economy's leftover labor pool.
               | All the good candidates left your manufacturing town
               | already to get a job in an office tower where "good" UAW
               | wages aren't really much to write home about.
               | 
               | For the last multiple decades graduating students have
               | been facing a declining manufacturing job market where it
               | makes just about no sense to get into manufacturing when
               | they can get a degree and work a desk job with better pay
               | and actually be in a job market that's growing over time
               | rather than shrinking.
               | 
               | UAW wages are "good" but only compared to other jobs that
               | are probably in the bottom 50% of desirability, and
               | you're under constant threat of plant closures or the
               | shift toward non-union plants in places like Alabama and
               | South Carolina.
               | 
               | And oh yeah, you're stuck in some declining semi-rural
               | rust belt manufacturing town rather than getting to live
               | your best life in a vibrant growing urban area.
               | 
               | A full 35% of Americans have a bachelor's degree or
               | higher, and those numbers are even higher when you are
               | looking at states/counties that have the major population
               | centers. The county map makes it look like basically
               | every urban area has at least 40-50% bachelor's degree
               | attainment, with standouts like the Boston area having
               | some counties with over 60% attainment.
               | 
               | Almost 30% of Americans _work remotely_ at least some
               | time during the week.
               | 
               | So, basically half of the urbanized population has better
               | options than working in a factory.
               | 
               | In China, working a factory is being compared to a much
               | worse prior standard of living that was much more recent.
               | Today's factory workers were yesterday's subsistence
               | farmers. Americans haven't experienced that level of
               | widespread poverty in at least 100 years.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | > we still get people who struggle putting a sticker on a
               | car for an hour straight before their break or task
               | switch.
               | 
               | That seems wholly reasonable to me. Expecting humans to
               | be able to do work like that, and especially to get
               | satisfaction from such work, seems like the aberration.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | I'm not the OP. Heavy labor is... a lot of work. It's rough
             | in the body and some people aren't cut for it.
             | 
             | In the 90s as a high school kid, I made $14/hr as a
             | farmhand when the minimum wage was $4.75. They'd hire 4
             | crews of 4 guys each and we'd lose about half through the
             | summer. They were great family to work for, but the work
             | was hella hard. You could go retrieve shopping carts for
             | $4.75 an hour and smoke weed all day, and many of my former
             | coworkers did.
        
               | diffeomorphism wrote:
               | That just tells me that the pay was bad for the job.
               | 
               | If job A pays 80k and job B pays 100k, but job A is 40h
               | and job B is 60h, then job B pays worse. They pay more
               | but not better.
        
               | ozgrakkurt wrote:
               | They wrote per hour rates though, it is just more
               | difficult per hour
        
             | yibg wrote:
             | I'm not sure I agree. Tariffs adds cost, unless domestic
             | manufacturing can be done in a more or less cost effective
             | way. Manufacturing works benefit of course but that's a
             | overall small proportion of the population and ought to be
             | (we probably don't want most people to be doing
             | manufacturing work). But the added costs end up be a tax on
             | everyone and a regressive one at that.
             | 
             | I also don't see offshoring manufacturing as inherently
             | problematic or being out of sight, out of mind (of course
             | exploitation can happen, but that's not inherently a part
             | of offshoring manufacturing).
             | 
             | Workers in China, Vietnam etc are paid significantly less,
             | but their cost of living is less as well. Plus unlike in
             | the west, where manufacturing jobs are not desirable, in
             | places where those manufacturing jobs land they typically
             | provide an economic opportunity that isn't otherwise there.
             | 
             | Basically, why not have high cost of living places produce
             | higher cost goods that pay more, and low cost of living
             | places produce lower cost goods that pays less?
        
               | teyc wrote:
               | why does this arbitrage exist? Why is the cost of energy,
               | the fundamental input into every economy, cheaper in
               | Asia? Tractors consume fuel, fertilisers do too. Human
               | labour is the least efficient at converting fuel into
               | energy. When you dig a little deeper, you'd find an
               | economy structured around keeping rentiers away from the
               | basics: housing, energy and food.
        
               | yibg wrote:
               | Energy doesn't come from just raw materials. It takes
               | extraction, refinement, transportation etc in the case of
               | petroleum, or manufacturing, installation etc in the case
               | of wind and solar.
               | 
               | If you mean in terms of general economics, why are some
               | countries cheaper than others, I'm not really qualified
               | to make a statement there. I'm also not talking about if
               | it's right or wrong. But it is the reality today.
        
           | Tadpole9181 wrote:
           | I don't mean for this to be as pointed as it probably will
           | come off - but do you allow these workers to listen to music,
           | take regular (not smoke) breaks, and do their job from a
           | chair?
           | 
           | The few factory jobs I've seen were not only monotonous, they
           | were needlessly _soul crushing_.
           | 
           | For no reason at all, you had to stand for hours on end. Your
           | only breaks were lunch and smokes. Bathroom breaks were
           | monitored like a crime. And you were afforded no distractions
           | from the task, 100% focus required.
           | 
           | Coupled with no care put into making someone feel actually
           | appreciated and the end-products being MBA shrinkflated
           | garbage nobody could be proud of, it's not shocking that no
           | one in their right mind would want to work there.
        
             | shermantanktop wrote:
             | "MBA shrinkflated garbage"
             | 
             | I'm definitely going to find a way to slip this into a
             | conversation.
        
           | profsummergig wrote:
           | The problem is opportunity cost
           | 
           | Of what?
           | 
           | Of getting on disability (back pain)
           | 
           | And getting more (from the govt.) to sit at home and cook up
           | conspiracy theories on the Internet
        
           | sensanaty wrote:
           | Sorry but whenever I hear employers say "much better
           | pay/benefits compared to the competition", the reality is in
           | 99.9% of cases that it's a negligible difference for work
           | that is harder and much less desirable.
           | 
           | How much higher is the pay? Cause the first thing that
           | crosses into my mind is oil rigs, where they get paid more
           | than many software engineers I know do, and there's a huge
           | number of people doing the work happily despite the gruelling
           | conditions. I realize not every business can pay Big Oil
           | salaries, but still, it might be worth thinking realistically
           | about whether your pay & benefits really _are_ better than
           | Walmart 's (who are the number 1 employer in the states
           | AFAIR, so they must be doing _something_ right).
        
             | culll_kuprey wrote:
             | I bust out loud laughing the other day when I saw two jobs
             | listed here in rusty southern Ohio.
             | 
             | One was for a semi-skilled manufacturing position. A little
             | more than just assembly line, but nothing super special or
             | niche. The other was a janitor position at the local public
             | school system.
             | 
             | The differential was not huge, but the janitor paid more.
             | Probably less hours too.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | > The business loses employees to Walmart etc. despite the
           | factory having higher pay and significantly better benefits.
           | 
           | I'm _SUPER_ doubtful of this.
           | 
           | When I last bumped into this, the local Amazon warehouse paid
           | more than all the local manufacturing. It wasn't even close.
           | 
           | Local manufacturing got used to being a local monopoly and
           | being able to underpay. Now that they're not a monopoly, all
           | they do is whine and complain.
        
             | kranke155 wrote:
             | The issue is of course there is no market for US made goods
             | at a good salary when other countries were selling their
             | goods in the US market without impediment.
             | 
             | Tariffs were supposed to fix that, but now I don't know if
             | they are effective at all.
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | Yes that is usually point of the tariffs. Not this time
               | as they are too broad (include products like coffee) and
               | not stable (announced one day than delayed/dismissed
               | etc.). Point of tariffs that current regime made is to
               | destabilize both domestic and foreign markets.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | > The issue is of course there is no market for US made
               | goods at a good salary
               | 
               | The Smarter Every Day scrubber demonstrates that is not
               | true: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZTGwcHQfLY
               | 
               | The problem is that the US has systematically destroyed
               | all the ecosystem required to manufacture by outsourcing
               | everything.
               | 
               | Maximally efficient is minimally robust.
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | My local factories are mostly union, and they rely heavily on
           | the union to help fill empty openings. They also set up
           | booths at local job fairs and have a poster board with
           | current openings (typically electricians and pipe fitters,
           | sometimes line workers or machinists). The jobs also have
           | benefits and vacation and sick time off. Everybody I know who
           | works there is always trying to get as many overtime shifts
           | as they can, especially the weekend and holiday ones which
           | are double or 2.5X time. Electricians are IBEW, pipefitters
           | are pipefitters' union, rest are UAW even though it has
           | nothing to do with cars.
           | 
           | General advice is if you're down on your luck and need a job,
           | you can go there and be at $25 an hour in a few months (step
           | pay increases are mandated by the union). It's not for
           | everyone but it certainly has less turnover than the local
           | McDonald's which starts and stays around $14.
           | 
           | Unions should do a better job of marketing to employers that
           | they can supply a trained work force. For example the IBEW
           | here always has a full book of apprentices. An employer can
           | get a qualified electrician along with an apprentice
           | basically guaranteed.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | > Unions should do a better job of marketing to employers
             | that they can supply a trained work force.
             | 
             | Unions need to quit their management is evil message as
             | well. Unions can do good, but when they call all management
             | evil and breed resentment I can't blame companies for not
             | wanting unions around.
             | 
             | The above is US centrist - in other countries the Unions
             | don't do this.
        
               | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
               | From a worker's perspective management will usually be
               | evil by necessity. Staying aware of that may be a
               | necessary mechanism in the US that isn't so necessary in
               | other countries with different cultures and labor
               | protections.
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | Not trying to troll but it seems like there must be some way
           | to make the job at least a little interesting (e.g. by
           | rotating the tasks required, providing a little space for
           | skill development)?
        
         | Theodores wrote:
         | The slight problem with how AI is currently being marketed is
         | that AI is going for the fun and creative jobs that people want
         | to do, not the dull and repetitive jobs that nobody wants to
         | do.
         | 
         | If every creative job is gone to the AI beast then there will
         | be people willing to do factory work since nothing else will be
         | available.
        
           | anon291 wrote:
           | Rubbish. Ai has been used for many years in factories and
           | modern AI will be even more useful. The issue is that most
           | people aren't going to be the target of this sort of AI
           | advertising and also that this takes longer than making a
           | chat bot
        
           | chupchap wrote:
           | What's the point of GenAI in a manufacturing pipeline? Good
           | ol' ML based AI automation is heavily used in larger
           | manufacturing plants to identify defects
        
         | crote wrote:
         | > Most people in Western world also cannot imagine staying at
         | conveyor belt or table doing the same assembly task whole week.
         | 
         | In my opinion one of the biggest reasons we won't see
         | manufacturing come back to Western countries is that we still
         | believe this is how most factories operate. Chinese people
         | aren't _stupid_ , they have been spending a fortune on
         | automating as much of their manufacturing as possible!
         | 
         | Western labor is never going to compete with Asian labor, so
         | it's no use even trying. If we want to have any chance of
         | _matching_ what China is already doing (let alone beating it),
         | we 're going to have to invest an absolute fortune in
         | automation and streamlining: reduce the number of unique
         | products, reduce the part count, reduce the number of vendors,
         | reduce the _distance_ to vendors, and automate everything you
         | can reasonably automate.
         | 
         | Make it capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive and we
         | _might_ be able to keep up.
        
           | petermcneeley wrote:
           | Or you could have trade borders.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Yeah, and you're going to be poorer as a whole. People in
             | backwards places like rural and urban 'hoods live
             | reasonably well with very low labor productivity relatively
             | speaking.
             | 
             | I don't think you understand how primitive American society
             | is compared to Asia. Basic survival for rural poor is a
             | car.
             | 
             | When you take away cheap clothes and cheap TVs, all made in
             | modern Asian factories and replace them with shitty
             | American products at 3x the price, the current populist
             | movement will look like a party in comparison.
        
               | EdwardDiego wrote:
               | > I don't think you understand how primitive American
               | society is compared to Asia.
               | 
               | Lol, Asia is a big and diverse place. Are you really
               | claiming that American society is more primitive than
               | that of farmers in the arse end of Gansu?
               | 
               | Hint, one of those areas is more likely to have flush
               | toilets.
        
               | alsetmusic wrote:
               | Access to contemporary luxury does not a genius make.
               | There was that bit in the film, "Goodwill Hunting," about
               | an Indian man who found a math book and went on to define
               | groundbreaking math from what he extrapolated. I don't
               | know the details, but I don't think the film made that
               | up.
        
               | wmwmwm wrote:
               | I'm guessing Ramanujan:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | 20 years ago, we had a server named after him. It was
               | always fun explaining how to pronounce it and the who
               | exactly he was.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | The Music of Primes by Marcus du Sautoy has a chapter on
               | him
               | 
               | Book is a bit heavy going but well worth a read
        
               | 2b3a51 wrote:
               | A bit of googling suggests that the model for the
               | mathematician in the film was George Dantzig, and he was
               | actually studying mathematics at college level.
               | 
               | The story of Srinivasa Ramanujan fits your sentence,
               | although early 20th C. He studied mathematics from a
               | revision book he had access to in a small place in India
               | then wrote a letter to GW Hardy a professor at Oxford
               | with a range of new and strange results but expressed in
               | the idiom of the revision book.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | I don't necessarily agree with GPs, but I do think we're
               | near the tipping point where the whole Eastern half of
               | Asia combined is nearing or passing the Europe+US on the
               | big progress-o-meter.
               | 
               | Some parts of East and Southeast Asia might have been
               | working on paving roads and building schools even just
               | one generation ago. To think they still are "like that"
               | is legitimately an insult to them. That part is largely
               | done and they're moving on.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | This might be a shocker for you, but flush toilets are
               | really not that big a deal compared to the Asian kind.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | >When you take away cheap clothes and cheap TVs, all made
               | in modern Asian factories and replace them with shitty
               | American products at 3x the price, the current populist
               | movement will look like a party in comparison.
               | 
               | Would the rest of the world even care anymore? Everyone
               | from Canada to New Zealand is now making plans for long
               | term disconnection from the US. They will not let the
               | next Trump boss them around like they have been this past
               | year. The reputation is torched and so if the US launches
               | another populist movement that leads nowhere and
               | collapses the country as a result why should the other
               | 95% of the planet care?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The other 95% of the planet has mostly been relying upon
               | the USA as the global hegemon to provide the security
               | guarantees and financial infrastructure necessary for
               | large scale free trade since the end of WWII. If the USA
               | steps back from that then global trade networks will
               | gradually break down because no other country or stable
               | coalition has the desire or resources to step into that
               | role. The situation will revert to something more like
               | what we saw pre-war when most trade was regional. New
               | Zealand in particular is in a weak position as they are
               | heavily reliant on agriculture exports, and lack any
               | ability to project power beyond their own borders.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | Nope... the US has been relying on the rest of the world
               | to fund it's deficit, provide land for military bases to
               | project it's 'power'
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | There's interdependence, which is a system that benefits
               | the world and the US. The US taxes the world with
               | inflationary currency, and most of the planet has been
               | relatively peaceful.
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | > and most of the planet has been relatively peaceful.
               | 
               | People from Vietnam, Iraq and many other countries would
               | probably disagree with you
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | >I don't think you understand how primitive American
               | society is compared to Asia.
               | 
               | >People in backwards places like rural...
               | 
               | That's not actually true. You want to visit rural Asia
               | and compare.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There are backward rural places in America. However the
               | vast majority of rural people have had reliable electric
               | since the 1950s, along with phone (though those lines may
               | not longer work since everyone has gone cellular). They
               | bought their first color TV in the 1960s like everyone
               | else. They drive cars (the image of a red neck mowing his
               | grass and finding a car - they drove that car 30 years
               | ago, when it wore out they go a different one and quit
               | driving it). Most of the backward in America are groups
               | like the Amish who have every ability to be modern but
               | choose not to.
               | 
               | In rural Asia there are a lot of people who don't have
               | electric, they don't have cars.
               | 
               | Though I don't know why rural is even a topic here.
               | Factories don't exist in rural areas, this exist in
               | cities and towns where the workers live.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | In the US? Whenever possible, we build industrial
               | facilities in rural areas for a cheaper workforce and to
               | avoid unionization. Meat packing is the textbook example.
               | Distribution centers are the more modern one.
               | 
               | It's always important to talk about rural citizens
               | because politicians pretend that they don't exist. The
               | rural poor have a lot in common with the urban poor, but
               | are separated both deliberately and by inertia.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | We build in small cities. That is different from rural.
               | The people live in the town.
        
             | tclancy wrote:
             | Not that I would doubt the guy who let Mike Tyson hit him
             | in the head or anything, but don't we have decades of
             | research showing the negative effects of those?
        
               | petermcneeley wrote:
               | I have never had anybody make this reference before!
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Way back in the day I used to have the number for his
               | answering machine, which had a ridiculously funny answer
               | message in it.
        
               | schmidtleonard wrote:
               | Sure, decades of research by think-tanks hell-bent on
               | pumping the assets of their sponsors at any cost to
               | others.
               | 
               | "Trade Wars are Class Wars" by Klein and Pettis is a good
               | counterpoint.
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | Exactly, most factories in China are already heavily
           | automated. Americans don't have a clue of what they've been
           | doing there in the last 20 years to modernize production. The
           | US would need to invest trillions in automation and workforce
           | training to be able to compete with China, Taiwan and Korea.
           | I don't see Americans being able to do this because they're
           | too addicted to easy money from Wall Street.
        
             | protocolture wrote:
             | Eh I wouldnt overstate this. I have seen production line
             | videos from 2025 showing chinese workers hand assembling
             | items.
             | 
             | Chinas value imho is that they are willing to take on
             | shorter and shorter production runs. They have figured out
             | retraining and logistics to the point that they can have 20
             | customers who only need 1000 - 12000 parts per year, on the
             | back of their 3-4 flagship clients who keep the place
             | running with scale orders.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | There is a demographic implosion coming soon. You look at
               | a video like this and count how many humans there are to
               | make this $20-30 speaker and you realize that this $20
               | speaker is not going to be automated, its just going to
               | go away as an option.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFYxSX6xP2U
        
               | baq wrote:
               | India will gladly accept those factories for a few
               | decades.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | If that's true then why hasn't India changed government
               | policy to make it a more attractive location for
               | manufacturing?
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | Because of socialism, go look at how its two socialist
               | (and most industrial states) treat capital investment!
        
               | protocolture wrote:
               | >Population implosion
               | 
               | Still fail to see evidence of that. I wouldnt go around
               | making such a huge blanket statement, without even london
               | horse manure crisis level evidence.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Here's the evidence. Not a sudden implosion but a slow
               | decline that will particularly impact the younger
               | population groups who have typically done most of the
               | manual labor in factories.
               | 
               | https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/12/05/key-
               | facts...
        
               | grues-dinner wrote:
               | Lots of that design can be fairly easily automated:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hwzz-96WliU. And that's
               | without all the "fancy" robotics like arms and so on that
               | is only dropping in price and rising in usability.
               | 
               | Factory automation design as a service is already a huge
               | sector but it can get a lot bigger. Of course the capital
               | barrier to entry to standing up a factory for some widget
               | will go up, but the unit price might not. It remains to
               | be seen how far into the low-end, low-volume, high-SKU-
               | count that process will reach. Maybe things like
               | standard-ish robotic cells will allow agility in the
               | factory. If being able to make one-off parts in a highly
               | data-driven factory is Industry 4.0, maybe that's
               | Industry 5.0!
               | 
               | Presumably it will become less possible to spin up
               | production of, say, a whole new design of a speaker in a
               | few days with some new tasks for the workers and some
               | rejigging of basic machines, but it sounds like a sector
               | that will see some interesting progress in the next 50
               | years.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Thats a nice video, thanks for sharing. Everything shown
               | there is old school automation of which China has a whole
               | ecosystem for years. ALso they did they deliberately show
               | only 1-3 steps of the process? Wheres the rest of the
               | speaker? My video showed the speaker production from
               | magnet to packaged box. I'm not convinced that there is a
               | cost advantage yet since all of that technology shown
               | existed in spades for years and yet my modern video shows
               | people are still making speakers by hand. But it is
               | making me think that maybe they can pull it off
               | eventually. (Maybe the US can as well)
        
               | obscurette wrote:
               | It really just depends. There might short/small runs
               | which are easily automated, and there might be a large
               | scale production which are not and need hand assembly.
               | The very same product might see both during production -
               | fully automated robots and hand assembly etc.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | From the American point of view there's something to be
             | said for doing a job where the money is. Like you'll make
             | more in finance or as an AI engineer than making stuff in a
             | factory.
             | 
             | I London where I live you can't really afford to buy a
             | house or things like that if you got a job manufacturing
             | anything that's globally competitive which is why
             | manufacturing is basically gone here and people get jobs in
             | finance and the like. We used to have a factory in the
             | London outskirts but it got knocked down and replaced with
             | apartments long ago.
             | 
             | I don't know if it's addicted to easy money so much as the
             | people earning easy money push up the cost of living and
             | force others to do similar to afford to live in the same
             | area.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | I watched some videos 10GTek published. Rather "boring"
             | stuff of a life in the day of various employees.
             | 
             | But I was shocked by how efficient and modernised their
             | factory was, including really rigorous quality control,
             | advanced testing setups, dedicated jigs everywhere just for
             | the testing... and then one video was of an office worker
             | who spent her day making sure everything runs smoothly,
             | juggling customers, orders for parts from vendors, and
             | getting ahold of the right people when something was going
             | wrong.
             | 
             | Incidentally none of my 10GTek stuff has ever failed.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | I took a tour of the BMW Spartanburg factory a few days ago.
           | It is highly automated with most work done by industrial
           | robots. There are a few human workers manually pulling parts
           | out of bins to feed the robots but nothing like the way that
           | assembly lines used to operate.
           | 
           | https://www.bmwgroup-werke.com/spartanburg/en.html
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | Wow - super automated and they still employ 11,000 people?
        
               | helltone wrote:
               | The goal of automation is not necessarily reduce
               | personnel, it could be increased reliability, reduced
               | risk to life, reducing waste from scraps, faster lead
               | time, etc
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | > Chinese people aren't stupid, they have been spending a
           | fortune on automating as much of their manufacturing as
           | possible!
           | 
           | Slight nuance - they have spent a [reasonable amount of
           | money] automating production.
           | 
           | The trick to automating something that 'isn't a car' is often
           | to put in small bits of low-cost and flexible automation that
           | can be moved around and repurposed. IMO this is often what we
           | are bad at in the west - companies can/do setup massive
           | automated sites at huge expense, but there aren't the
           | skills/infrastructure to do this at the lower end of
           | production (eg if you want to deploy one AMR in the west the
           | AMR companies don't want to talk to you, and there isn't
           | really an easy way to get one yourself without talking to an
           | integrator which will charge tens of thousands which will
           | wipe out the benefit, and we don't have the skills within
           | most small production companies to get a small robot arm/AMR
           | working without external integrators - but a one-AMR
           | deployment might be a more common scenario in China).
        
             | Gustomaximus wrote:
             | I was thinking the issue might be its much better for
             | factories to automate sections of production over time.
             | 
             | It must be a huge expense with risk to design a new
             | factory, automate it end to end and push live hoping the
             | market expectation for the product exists and the
             | automation is as good as planned.
             | 
             | Whereas if you have a manual production line you could have
             | a massive advantage as they can automate out sections
             | ongoing and it allows engineers to build skills in this
             | also as they go.
        
             | youngtaff wrote:
             | They're automating the production of many items not just
             | cars
             | 
             | https://archive.ph/DuZGe
             | 
             | >The overall number of robots added in China last year was
             | 295,000, compared to 27,000 in Germany, 34,000 in the US
             | and just 2,500 in the UK.
        
               | Closi wrote:
               | I know, that's not what I was saying :)
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | > In my opinion one of the biggest reasons we won't see
           | manufacturing come back to Western countries is that we still
           | believe this is how most factories operate.
           | 
           | Not really, American manufacturing is _already_ automated.
           | Manufacturing jobs have steadily decreased[0] while output
           | has increased (or stayed steady) in manufacturing since the
           | early 2000 's [1]. There is only one reasonable explanation
           | for this -> automation.
           | 
           | While it is true that the Chinese are indeed automated their
           | manufacturing, it still doesn't negate the fact that
           | companies like Foxconn still have 200k employees in China.
           | 
           | IMHO the real reason you'll never see manufacturing come back
           | to the USA is because you can't convince people who are
           | already in less manually intensive labor conditions to go
           | back to more manually intensive labor conditions. Said
           | differently, it's easier to get someone who's family has
           | spent decades doing back breaking work in a rice paddy to
           | work in a factory for slightly better pay than it is to do
           | the reverse.
           | 
           | [0] - https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-9/forty-years-of-
           | falling...
           | 
           | [1] - https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GOMA
        
         | yibg wrote:
         | Using people for manufacturing fundamentally will never be cost
         | competitive compared to cheaper markets. There are really only
         | a few ways to resolve this in my view:
         | 
         | 1. Give up and just outsource manufacturing and be ok with it
         | 
         | 2. Invest heavily in automation, technology etc so we remove
         | cost of labor from the equation. Or at least heavily minimize
         | it
         | 
         | 3. Put up trade barriers to artificially raise the cost of
         | imported goods, which is what the current admin is trying to
         | do, at least officially
         | 
         | 1. leaves us dependent on other potentially adversarial
         | countries, 3. increases the cost of goods sold so puts a burden
         | on the population. So seems like 2. is the only way to go, if
         | the country can get behind it. But it also inherently won't add
         | a lot of jobs.
        
           | petermcneeley wrote:
           | 1. Ok then what do you make? 2. A bit too late for that given
           | that China is also highly automated. 3. You would have to be
           | serious for this to work.
           | 
           | As for your responses. 1 who is "us" 3. I mean some would be
           | automated etc. There is actually data on how little the cost
           | of labor adds to different parts of manufacturing. 2. You at
           | least have a sustainable economy (I dont mean that in an
           | environmental sense)
        
             | yibg wrote:
             | Typically as economies advance there is a shift to services
             | and higher value add / higher skill manufacturing anyways.
             | That can be the explicit strategy for the US as well. Focus
             | on renewables, high tech, aerospace etc instead of the
             | lower margin / lower skill manufacturing.
             | 
             | They're not mutually exclusive of course. There can be some
             | national protection via tariffs on some types of
             | manufacturing, while investing in automating some other
             | types and just completely ignoring others and keeping those
             | offshore. Problem currently is there doesn't seem to be a
             | much of a strategy.
        
               | petermcneeley wrote:
               | The USA and the west in general is 40 years deep into
               | this crisis and recent developments have not actually
               | made a shift in that trajectory.
        
               | yibg wrote:
               | It seems like the US in particular isn't able to pick one
               | path and stick with it. The shift towards services has
               | already happened. But investment in silicon, renewables
               | etc is on again off again. There now seems to be a desire
               | to bring all manufacturing jobs back to the US, although
               | it's not clear who wants this or why. e.g. who actually
               | wants clothing and toy manufacturing back in the US?
               | 
               | So we have a set of ad hoc policies (or EOs), that don't
               | seem to have an overarching goal.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | A great deal of investment in renewables just meant
               | importing solar panels and wind turbines from China that
               | will wear out in 19 years. Outside of a few jobs in
               | trucking to moving parts and a few jobs to install them,
               | it does not create a solid labour base nor good careers.
               | 
               | I certainly want clothing manufacture back in the U.S.
               | with a focus on using renewable (ie. not microplastic
               | based) textiles to make articles of clothing that don't
               | wear out in a year or two. I have a handmade pair of
               | pants I bought at a local thrift store that were locally
               | made from domestically produced denim. Got them for $4.
               | New ones from the person who makes them would be around
               | $40-$75. They are custom fitted to you, although I got
               | lucky and the thrift store had one in exactly my width
               | and height.
               | 
               | So far they don't have any rips, years, and the cuffs
               | aren't fraying.
               | 
               | My brand new Levi's and Wrangler's have fraying cuffs and
               | are much more prone to getting tears because of the
               | thinner fabric. They also seem to stretch after washing
               | or wearing them a long time and then don't fit as well.
               | 
               | Toys? I want toys for my kids that aren't full of lead or
               | cadmium, and are something besides battery operated
               | beeping rubbish or something with a screen. I'm glad to
               | pay $25 for a wooden toy. I bought one locally made in
               | Chico, CA at a store called "Chicomade" where everything
               | was locally made.
               | 
               | I don't see why fast fashion with clothes you need to
               | throw out sooner due to planned obsolescence and plastic
               | trash toys.
        
               | yibg wrote:
               | If we can make the same product domestically better
               | (cheaper, higher quality etc) then that doesn't require a
               | barrier in theory. Just make it and sell it for cheaper
               | or sell it for the same but with higher quality.
               | 
               | Problem is for the most part that cannot be done. There
               | is a market for made in USA, where people are willing to
               | pay more for higher quality, more sustainable, local etc,
               | but it's still a relatively small market.
               | 
               | Just like airline tickets. People complain about lack of
               | space and bad food, but when presented with the choice
               | most people still pick the cheapest option.
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | > it's not clear who wants this or why. e.g. who actually
               | wants clothing and toy manufacturing back in the US?
               | 
               | Politicians who are optimizing for votes from a large and
               | ignorant base that hasn't thought through any of this.
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | # 3 is not a solution because it will only make American
           | production more expensive and impoverish the population. It's
           | a full disaster.
        
             | wrp wrote:
             | Japan used that strategy very successfully for at least a
             | century. The high cost of imported goods encouraged
             | consumers to buy domestic at prices that were also high,
             | which subsidized exports at competitive prices. The
             | Japanese public is less docile now, but this is one example
             | where import restrictions worked well. I believe you can
             | find other examples from the 20th century, but I'm not sure
             | whether they would work well in the current global
             | environment.
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | They also became experts at automation and at producing
               | high quality goods.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | Import substitution can only work when you have a
               | government that is investing in labor and industrial
               | infrastructure, while keeping the local currency cheap.
               | This is not a combination of factors you don't have in
               | the US.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | US manufacturing keeps going up in dollar terms (see first
           | graph https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_Unit
           | ed_St...)
           | 
           | but employs less people as it automates.
        
         | a_bonobo wrote:
         | I used to work in such a factory in Germany and turn-over was
         | high :) A large pool of uni students doing their summer breaks
         | propped up the place. They could afford to work there for 1-2
         | months mentally because they knew they'd go back to university
         | (me, too). The few long-timers on the factory floor were mostly
         | functioning alcoholics.
        
           | gsf_emergency_4 wrote:
           | This was a family owned biz? Somehow, I imagine, I'd feel
           | better slogging for an SME than in an "externally-funded"
           | place.
           | 
           | I'm guessing that US needs a similar nation-wide service to
           | connect gig-workers of all sorts to factories specifically.
        
             | trollbridge wrote:
             | My sister has been at a family owned small factory for 30+
             | years now. Eventually loyalty to family becomes a thing,
             | especially when they're loyal to you.
             | 
             | They are gradually not replacing staff as they retire or
             | the occasional person quits on the factory floor due to
             | automation. Their biggest challenge is who will own it in
             | the future - the son and grandson have fully taken over
             | from the founder, but nobody else in the family is really
             | interested.
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | I worked in a factory for a few months. They moved me around on
         | the line. While each week looked the same, each day in the week
         | was different. Though I was told by some of the other guys on
         | the line that it was one of the nicer factories they ever
         | worked in. I did some tech work in a few auto factories as
         | well, and those had a very different vibe on the floor.
         | 
         | While it may be boring to someone who use used to doing
         | knowledge work, there are a lot of people who need jobs who
         | aren't going to be doing knowledge work. They need something.
         | 
         | I worked fast food for a shift before I quit. I found that much
         | more boring and hated it much more than the factory. I'd rather
         | see people employed making stuff domestically rather than have
         | yet another drive-thru window in town.
         | 
         | I grew up in a small town with two fairly decent sized
         | factories. That was a solid job prospect for a lot of people
         | coming out or high school that didn't know what else they could
         | do. It gave those kids options and kept them in town where they
         | could buy a house, raise a family, and spend money supporting
         | other local businesses. Now they're both closed and the city is
         | hunting for ways to bring businesses to town. My brother-in-law
         | is driving 100+ miles per day to drive to an area with more
         | jobs opportunities. I'm sure if there was a local factory gig
         | he'd probably take it and save a ton on gas, not to mention
         | getting back 10 hours per week of his time.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | The thing is, minimum wage there pays for 10 people on the
           | floor in Asia and the cost of the factory is approximately
           | the same. There's no economic sense to build a factory in the
           | states... which is where all the government subsidies enter
           | the stage, but the budget is already running a war time
           | deficit. It's going to be so much worse for those small used-
           | to-be-factory cities until the printer starts for real, and
           | then there's no guarantee it's going to be any better after.
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | Tariffs are used all over the world for this exact reason,
             | which is what is being attempted now. It will take time for
             | it to pay off, more time than the current administration
             | has, which is likely why business will drag their feet.
             | 
             | I think economic benefit goes beyond just having the lowest
             | price. Having good jobs for people in the country means
             | they have money to spend. If people make next to nothing,
             | all they can afford is Temu quality. This is bad for the
             | citizens, bad for US businesses, and bad for the
             | environment. The only winner is China.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | But there is a good jobs in the country. His brother has
               | to travel 100 miles to work it.
               | 
               | Tariffs won't resolve this issue. Either the goods
               | becomes too expensive to import and are made here or the
               | aren't.
               | 
               | In the case that they're made here then some other good
               | will no longer be produced (if you could magically make
               | both then you would've in the first place). And so your
               | citizens are worse off because they produce the same
               | amount (or less) and pay more for it.
               | 
               | In the case that they're not made here then you just pay
               | more in tariffs and are worse off.
               | 
               | The problem with global trade is that when you trade 10
               | apples for 10 bananas it doesn't need to be distributed
               | to your citizens equally. So if you go from an economy
               | producing 5 apples and 5 bananas where everybody gets one
               | of each to one where 3 people get 8 apples and 10 bananas
               | the other 2 get 2 apples the GDP still grew from 10 to 20
               | but people are worse off. Throwing in tariffs to get back
               | to the 5 apples 5 bananas will cause a recession.
               | 
               | The better solution is to increase the top tax rate and
               | redistribute 2 additional apples and bananas to the
               | bottom 2 and then everybody is still better off.
               | 
               | I leave it as an exercise for the reader to figure out
               | why Trump & Republicans want tariffs as opposed to a
               | higher tax rate.
        
               | nova22033 wrote:
               | If you're building a new factory and the factory needs
               | steel, they'll have to wait for the steel plant to be
               | built before they can start construction. Trump has
               | imposed tariffs on steel imports.
        
             | 15155 wrote:
             | > minimum wage there pays for 10 people
             | 
             | More like 2-4 at this point, if we're talking about China.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | > There's no economic sense to build a factory in the
             | states...
             | 
             | That isn't how it works. Details matter.
             | 
             | A local factory can save a ton of money because it can be
             | more just in time - you don't have to build excess because
             | of shipping times. (shipping costs can also save a lot of
             | money for a local factory).
             | 
             | The states have lots of cheap reliable power (not perfectly
             | reliable, but close enough). If your production line is
             | mostly automated (or could be) the states are cheaper -
             | there isn't much labor anyway.
             | 
             | Production close to engineering makes for a lot of savings
             | because when a part is designed you can get a prototype to
             | testing faster.
             | 
             | there are lots of other factors, and most are not in the
             | favor of local production but there are several that are.
             | Where you fall is an optimization problem and there is no
             | one right answer for everything.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > The states have lots of cheap reliable power (not
               | perfectly reliable, but close enough).
               | 
               | Industrial electricity rates are pretty much the same in
               | China and the US, from 8-9c/kWh. In both countries,
               | however, electricity is going to face upward price
               | pressure from AI datacenters.
               | 
               | > Production close to engineering makes for a lot of
               | savings because when a part is designed you can get a
               | prototype to testing faster.
               | 
               | This already exists in the US. In California, for
               | example, there are many specialty prototype manufacturing
               | companies that focus on this problem specifically. They
               | are adjacent to the r&d firms designing the products.
               | 
               | That's not the type of manufacturing that the recent
               | debate over reshoring is about. It's about production
               | scale manufacturing - creating an American Shenzen with
               | an equivalent amount of jobs - and very soon. But any
               | such capability will be heavily automated, so it won't
               | produce the equivalent jobs.
        
             | youngtaff wrote:
             | Asian factories particularly China are deploying robots at
             | a rate that puts the rest of the world in the shadows
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | Something that I hadn't considered before I heard it being
             | discussed by someone who studied the phenomenon of factory
             | off shoring is that a huge factor in the off shoring has
             | nothing to do with labor, it has everything to do with ramp
             | up time.
             | 
             | Compare the build time between Tesla's battery factories in
             | the US and China and consider how many batteries they can
             | sell during the time difference.
             | 
             | Building a factory loses money until the factory starts
             | making products. Good or bad, regulations that cost _time_
             | are the biggest issue. Labor costs matter but they affect
             | the margins that can be somewhat compensated for by
             | products not needing overseas shipping. A company,
             | especially a new one, can go out of business in the years
             | it takes to build a factory in the US.
        
         | croisillon wrote:
         | i get what you're saying, and i'd probably quickly hate it too,
         | but somehow industrial bakeries seem to still work this way
        
         | kranke155 wrote:
         | Let's do the easy thing, even if it is a geopolitical disaster
         | for the West?
        
       | runnr_az wrote:
       | Well... sure. Capitalists are looking for the best rate of return
       | when they deploy their investments, they're looking at the money
       | to be made financing datacenters vs other things, datacenters are
       | winning.
        
       | madhacker wrote:
       | Instead of industrial base for national security priority,
       | Americans are served extra slop with a side of spammy content
       | once these AI are done ingesting.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | It all drives ads
         | 
         | All we're doing is building platforms for ads, pits for
         | advertisers to pitch dollars, nothing is getting made, all it
         | does is drive consumerism. Google, Meta, Amazon, aside from now
         | NVidia the whole economy is increasingly built around selling
         | slop that we decreasingly know how to make anymore.
        
         | gretch wrote:
         | I actually think infrastructure and competence in AI is going
         | to be huge for national security in a a few years.
         | 
         | Basically, I think future wars will be fought with AI drone
         | swarms. If your AI is crappy, then your drones will suck and
         | you'll lose the war.
         | 
         | It's true that today's use cases are about AI slop content.
         | Then again, a lot of modern internet technology was spear-
         | headed by porn sites.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | "we're all pursuing Ai to prepare ww3" isn't the argument you
           | think it is
        
           | leptons wrote:
           | Hallucinating "AI" is going to take friendly fire to a whole
           | new level.
        
       | mNovak wrote:
       | The article is implying throughout that these two things are
       | mutually exclusive, and while that makes some intuitive sense
       | (only so much money to invest after all), the last chart [1]
       | doesn't give any indication that data center investment comes at
       | the expense of industrial investment.
       | 
       | [1] "Private sector spending on equipment, adjusted for
       | inflation"
        
         | niek_pas wrote:
         | I'll admit I have not read this article incredibly thoroughly,
         | but I don't see what you're claiming. The article is
         | contrasting the growth of the AI industry with the slump in
         | manufacturing. I don't think it's positing any causal link
         | between the two.
        
       | bdcravens wrote:
       | > down 38,000 jobs since the start of the year, according to the
       | Bureau of Labor Statistics
       | 
       | That's 0.3%.
        
         | Kapura wrote:
         | down is down
        
         | some_guy_nobel wrote:
         | You can show any number in isolation and it can mean anything.
         | 
         | Now try presenting it the distribution of typical job
         | gains/losses!
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | The reason the percentage was included was to take the number
           | _out_ of isolation. What can mean anything is when people
           | tell you to ignore the numbers, because they could mean
           | anything.
           | 
           | > Now try presenting it the distribution of typical job
           | gains/losses!
           | 
           | You first!
        
             | some_guy_nobel wrote:
             | > You first!
             | 
             | In any honest conversation, the person presenting the
             | numbers will provide this, but I'll bite:
             | 
             | How many years are cumulative negative in this table?
             | 
             | https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/ces0000000001?output_view=n
             | e...
             | 
             | (I guess the correct way to model this would be as the
             | difference of Poissons between hires and separations, but a
             | student-t should do just fine since we don't have
             | separations)
        
         | jimt1234 wrote:
         | Feels like Milton from Office Space: _I was told there would be
         | a manufacturing boom._
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | There might have been. Labor in manufacturing is way down - a
           | trend going back to the 1950s. However manufacturing in the
           | US has been booming all along. What used to take 2000 people
           | in manufacturing now takes less than 200.
        
             | deadfoxygrandpa wrote:
             | thats not true. in most manufacturing industries we produce
             | fewer units than we did 20 or 30 years ago, and in most of
             | those industries the total value produced has been pretty
             | flat. this is something a lot of economists have known
             | about all along. you can read about it here:
             | 
             | https://www.palladiummag.com/2025/10/03/how-gdp-hides-
             | indust...
        
         | pchristensen wrote:
         | Hardly a boom.
        
       | mullingitover wrote:
       | The US spent decades transitioning from a manufacturing economy
       | to a service economy, deliberately.
       | 
       | Now there's a populist making political hay, throwing out numbers
       | about trade deficits, which _ignores revenue from services_. Yes,
       | there is have a trade deficit on goods, that was a long-term
       | strategy because services were a superior investment.
       | 
       | Manufacturing is an inferior way to make money unless you're
       | planning to go to conventional war, and since the US is a nuclear
       | superpower it's never going to get into an existential boots-on-
       | the-ground Serious War again unless it just wants to cosplay.
       | Nukes make conventional war for survival irrelevant.
       | 
       | So: it took decades to burn the boats with manufacturing, and
       | trying to rebuild them in a few years is a hilarious folly. It
       | absolutely will not go anywhere, and honestly shouldn't anyway.
       | There is real danger, however, that the US burns the boats on the
       | carefully crafted service sector as well.
        
         | jasonsb wrote:
         | A service economy is an utopia or a scam if you wish. You don't
         | have to be a conservative to understand this. That being said,
         | maybe you shouldn't burn bridges with the biggest producer in
         | the world when you're trying to be a "service economy".
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | That's the big issue, the US needs to understand they can't
           | force the world to do things forever because there is a
           | dependency that cannot be broken anymore. The time when this
           | decoupling was possible is over, from now on only diplomacy
           | can work.
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | >Manufacturing is an inferior way to make money
         | 
         | sure in the sense in which operating an airline or high speed
         | rail network makes you less money than running an ad or porn
         | website but the world doesn't run on money, it runs on
         | infrastructure. I believe we have a term for civilizations that
         | value money over power, we call them decadent.
         | 
         | If you're content living in Mark Zuckerberg's slop metaverse
         | that's a possible route to go down but it's important to
         | understand that the world will belong to countries that focus
         | on what powers that entertainment dystopia, and the US has some
         | competitors who have the good sense to understand that the
         | material world matters.
        
           | mullingitover wrote:
           | > operating an airline or high speed rail network makes you
           | less money than running an ad or porn website
           | 
           | Airlines and high speed rail systems are also services. Heck,
           | even Tesla's real value isn't in manufacturing, it's in the
           | (delusional, but nonetheless) belief that they're going to
           | make an absolute killing on services at some point in the
           | future. They could probably sell off their manufacturing arm
           | and their stock price would increase.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | > Nukes make conventional war for survival irrelevant.
         | 
         | So how come Russia hasn't annexed Ukraine yet? And why spend
         | _literally_ hundreds of billions of dollars a year maintaining
         | a conventional military when you already have nukes?
         | 
         | And when are you going to press that button? Do you nuke
         | Eurasia the second they cease diplomatic communications? When a
         | cargo ship heading to LA founders for mysterious reasons? When
         | a small detachment plants a flag on Little Diomede Island? When
         | they capture Attu Island? When they land troops on Hawaii? When
         | they declare war? When they are walking in San Francisco? When
         | they capture Salt Lake City? When they are 15 minutes away from
         | the missile fields? When DC falls?
         | 
         | What do you imagine the world is going to look like afterwards?
         | If you fired too soon, how are you going to stop the revolution
         | breaking out after you've killed hundreds of millions of
         | innocent people? If you fired too late, why bother? The country
         | is lost already, surely you're not going to nuke _yourself_?
         | 
         | Besides, that's assuming the existential war happens in the _US
         | itself_. The US isn 't self-reliant, and it will never be. Are
         | you going to nuke any country refusing to sell critical
         | materials to the US? Sure, the US has started wars in the
         | Middle-East for oil before, but _nukes?_
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > So how come Russia hasn't annexed Ukraine yet?
           | 
           | Russia is not fighting for their survival in Ukraine, even
           | though Ukraine is.
        
           | coliveira wrote:
           | Russia doesn't need to use nukes for that.
        
             | beeflet wrote:
             | clearly they do
        
           | lossolo wrote:
           | Exactly this. If you do not have the capability to produce as
           | much conventional weaponry as your enemy (especially if that
           | enemy also has a nuclear arsenal) then you've lost.
           | 
           | Sitting in the Whitehouse facing the red button, you ask
           | yourself which city are we willing to trade by pushing that
           | button? Millions in New York or Los Angeles? That's why they
           | will never use nukes. To retain world hegemon status and
           | protect your interests, you need conventional military
           | strength. Because if your aircraft carriers are sunk and the
           | vast majority of your fleet is disabled or destroyed, what
           | will you do? Your shipbuilding capacity is so low that you've
           | basically already lost, you can't project power overseas
           | without a fleet and you can't reproduce it fast enough. What
           | are you going to do then nuke them? They will retaliate, and
           | every decision maker knows that. No one will choose to kill
           | millions/tens of millions of their citizens because they lost
           | a fleet thousands of kilometers from home.
        
             | morshu9001 wrote:
             | Can they even use nukes if they don't have any control over
             | any nearby land or sea? I feel like they can't rely on just
             | ICBMs.
        
           | morshu9001 wrote:
           | The other comment said "for survival." But yeah there are
           | still nuclear powers fighting conventional wars, or posturing
           | against each other with conventional weapons.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | I don't know why people romanticize 1950-style manufacturing
         | jobs so much, like they are some kind of objectively ideal job.
         | These jobs really weren't great. Bunch of dudes standing at an
         | assembly line all day physically busting their asses and
         | sweating it out. Sometimes in a physically hazardous
         | environment. Sometimes breathing stinky and/or harmful
         | chemicals. Sometimes surrounded by ear-damaging loud noises.
         | Sometimes mind-numbingly repetitive work. This work sucks! And
         | we should be happy that as a country we managed to transition
         | our economy away from depending on this kind of work! Why on
         | earth are we trying to bring it back?
        
           | Stephen_0xFF wrote:
           | Nostalgia more than anything. At the time a factory job could
           | buy you a home out of high school, have a wife that stays
           | home and takes care of the children. The factory job itself
           | is a red herring. What people actually want is a post WW2
           | baby booming economy.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | Agreed. For that economy to come back, you need all
             | possible competitors to be weak and poor, in the mid 20th
             | century that meant either still agrarian (China) or
             | rebuilding after war (Japan and Europe). It was a unique
             | moment and it's never coming back.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | This doesn't make any sense at all. The reason China is
               | dominant in manufacturing isn't because the other
               | countries of the world were weak and agrarian and
               | rebuilding after war.
               | 
               | What would be awesome is if half-assed finance bro
               | speeches weren't being thrown around as serious macro.
        
               | joomla199 wrote:
               | They were talking about economic boom, not manufacturing
               | dominance.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | China wasn't a factor in global economics until the 90s,
               | and Europe only was relevant for US growth for a very
               | short time following WW2 and the Marshall Plan.
        
             | thuridas wrote:
             | Without post WW2 taxes.
             | 
             | Part of the problem is that a lot of the extra wealth ends
             | invested in the house market. This increases the cost of
             | terrains for both old and new homes. It is also not very
             | productive just to buy one thing to extract rents from it.
             | ( There is value in handling the rent, building or
             | reforming and old house).
             | 
             | The urban land is limited and requires government
             | infrastructure to connect it.
             | 
             | Another big cost is the university.
        
             | dustincoates wrote:
             | You won't hear me say that the housing market doesn't need
             | an overhaul, but I'm not sure that the "a factory job could
             | buy you a home out of high school" meme is entirely
             | accurate. If you look at home ownership rates, the rates
             | today are higher than (though not by much) the rates in the
             | 1960s: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N
             | 
             | I can't find numbers from earlier than 1980, but 18-44 _is_
             | lower, though again the rate in 1980 was just a few
             | percentage points higher, and not nearly high enough to
             | imply that home ownership out of high school was in reach
             | for the majority:
             | https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/data/charts/fig07.pdf
        
           | Bratmon wrote:
           | Manufacturing jobs are mostly unionized and service jobs
           | aren't.
           | 
           | Americans actually want unions back, but because anti-union
           | propaganda is so prevalent, they confused themselves into
           | thinking they want manufacturing jobs back
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Conservatives don't want unionized labor - they want 1890's
             | style manufacturing at best, no unions and rampant
             | exploitation of labor. At worst, no people in the factory
             | of any sort - dark factories end to end. There's little
             | room in the conservative morality for people not working,
             | or for people who are working.
        
               | adabyron wrote:
               | Can we not call those people "Conservatives". There is
               | very little conservative about them.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | You are correct and I sincerely apologize. I have always
               | had immense respect for my conservative peers. This is
               | something else carrying the mantle of conservative,
               | cowing the conservatives to silence.
        
           | shawn_w wrote:
           | Back then a couple could buy a house and raise a few kids on
           | the paycheck that factory job of the husband's earned. These
           | days even someone with a 6 figure tech job has trouble with
           | that goal, but I think a lot of people think they can go back
           | to the good old days.
        
             | nxm wrote:
             | Back then before manufacturing jobs were sent overseas
        
             | nebula8804 wrote:
             | Homer Simpson exemplifies this. Heres a guy that never went
             | to college being the lead safety inspector for a nuclear
             | power plant. He owns his home with three kids a stay at
             | home wife and two cars and two pets(with the occasional
             | elephant that comes and goes). A lot has changed since the
             | writing of these characters and the world now.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fp2Ey0H7OUE
        
               | nikanj wrote:
               | My go-to example is Al Bundy. He was a loser, but most
               | zoomers can only dream of having a house, a few kids, a
               | car project in the garage et cetera
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Yes absolutely! I was never too much into Married with
               | Children as a kid hence I jumped straight to the simpsons
               | but the idea of a shoe salesman having all of that today?
               | Not possible.
        
               | culll_kuprey wrote:
               | That guy did retail shoe sales too. I've known some
               | people to survive off those type of jobs, but they sure
               | as hell weren't living with a sitcom family in the burbs.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | you guys understand that was a fictional comedy show
               | right? It had no resemblance to reality on purpose.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | They don't realize that making good money in a factory was
             | due to a particular tech/economic environment and the US'
             | position inside it.
             | 
             | People thinking they can go back to making good money in a
             | widget factory is like thinking because you had an
             | ascendant economy in 1836 exporting wood before global
             | electrification, then that lucrative job is always waiting
             | for you even in 2025.
        
             | knowaveragejoe wrote:
             | What's missed in that nostalgia: the house was crap; the
             | appliances, if any, were crap; the car(if you had one, and
             | only one), was crap. On and on.
        
               | F35Machinist wrote:
               | That crap house hasn't been updated and is worth 200x
               | currently in California. Houses that sold for 10k in the
               | mid 70s are selling for 2 million or more in 2025. Cars,
               | appliances and everything else is just a rounding error
               | by comparison.
        
               | knowaveragejoe wrote:
               | That's a condemnation of zoning laws artificially
               | restricting the market for housing, which ironically only
               | came about after that period of relative abundance
        
           | starky wrote:
           | >Why on earth are we trying to bring it back?
           | 
           | The main argument would be if you are relying on other
           | countries and you can't produce anything yourself then you
           | need to rely on other countries being good trading partners.
           | If the relationship with those trading partners fails your
           | economy is in trouble.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | What does that actually look like, though? And at what
             | cost?
             | 
             | No single country can produce everything it currently
             | imports much less compete globally on every product.
             | 
             | Does the government just prop up every industry with
             | subsidies? Or use tariffs to make everything as expensive
             | as domestic goods?
        
           | nathan_compton wrote:
           | It isn't the jobs, its the economic power of having unions
           | that people really want.
        
           | rglover wrote:
           | National security
        
         | yibg wrote:
         | I hear people (media, politicians) talk about bringing
         | manufacturing jobs back to America, but I haven't heard too
         | much well articulated reasons for why.
         | 
         | There are issues with national security, reliance on less than
         | friendly nations etc. For instance, we'd want to grow our own
         | food, even if importing would be cheaper. But those surely
         | aren't the majority of manufacturing jobs.
         | 
         | Given the choice of increasing the number of high paying, high
         | skills jobs or the number of relatively low skill, dangerous
         | manufacturing jobs, why wouldn't we choose the former?
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Global supply chains seem to be gradually breaking down due
           | to a mix of politics, demographics, and armed conflicts.
           | Everyone has become accustomed to the post-WWII system of
           | global free trade but historically it is an aberration and
           | everything will eventually revert to the mean. I wouldn't be
           | surprised if China disintegrates into another civil war
           | within the next few decades. We can't necessarily rely on
           | foreign countries to make stuff for us anymore so if we want
           | to have stuff we might have to make it ourselves.
        
             | anonymars wrote:
             | > China disintegrates into another civil war within the
             | next few decades
             | 
             | I'm curious about your reasoning on this. China was not the
             | one at the top of my list of "Major world powers likely to
             | have a civil war sooner than later"
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | Agree. At this point, a civil war is more likely in the
               | United States than in China.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | China has had major internal violent conflicts many
               | times: in 1967, 1960, 1937, 1916, 1856, and so on.
               | Another civil war probably isn't imminent but based on
               | historical patterns it's entirely possible in our
               | lifetimes. There could be an external shock in terms of a
               | severe disruption in food or energy imports, or an
               | internal power struggle between CCP factions. Xi Jinping
               | isn't immortal and no one can predict what might happen
               | when he leaves power.
        
               | mainecoder wrote:
               | It is highly unlikely because the government has an
               | explicit goal of bringing harmony, and the people have
               | had such a uniform upbringing that even their discussions
               | of politics is around policy effectiveness, economics of
               | implementation and metrics where as here in the US it is
               | republican vs democrat and the topic is about Transgender
               | issue or something that is not policy but a belief or
               | some intangible thing that does not make a material
               | difference for the majority of people.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Nah. You could have said the same thing about China's
               | government at many other times throughout history --
               | right up until the violence started. Nothing has really
               | changed. How much "harmony" did the people in Tiananmen
               | Square have in 1989?
        
             | yibg wrote:
             | Problem is if we (any country really) tried to build
             | everything ourselves while other countries engages in trade
             | then we are at a major disadvantage.
             | 
             | Of course some things are more sensitive and should be made
             | domestically even at lower efficiency / higher cost. But if
             | that's applied to everything then we are just shooting
             | ourselves in the foot. Plus the opportunity cost of not
             | doing something else that we are more uniquely positioned
             | to excel at.
        
           | ap99 wrote:
           | It's about leverage, which you mentioned.
           | 
           | If you have no leverage during a negotiation and your
           | counterpart has can say 'no' without having to give up
           | anything then you're screwed.
           | 
           | America doesn't have to be the best manufacturers, but we do
           | need to have the ability to say, "fuck it we'll build it
           | ourselves" when the other side of the table says something we
           | don't like.
           | 
           | And anyone living in the fantasy utopia where the whole world
           | agrees on everything and there's peace all the time... read
           | more history.
        
             | lesuorac wrote:
             | But you don't have to build it yourself.
             | 
             | If China wants to play hardball then Vietnam can make the
             | goods. This is the great system we had until Trump decided
             | he'd piss off every country. We had a very much you vs the
             | world when doing diplomacy as USA but now it's just you vs
             | USA which is a much weaker position.
        
               | ap99 wrote:
               | There won't always be a Vietnam or an India.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Chinas been around for a few thousand years, what's
               | something they can do that nobody else has been able to
               | replicate?
               | 
               | There's always a Vietnam.
               | 
               | Even now with all the talk about "rare earth minerals".
               | They're not rare, everybody has them, its just nobody
               | else wants to pollute their rivers mining and refining
               | them when China is willing to.
        
         | huevosabio wrote:
         | Thank you, absolutely agree.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | > The US spent decades transitioning from a manufacturing
         | economy to a service economy, deliberately.
         | 
         | I have no idea what this is supposed to mean other than
         | individual rich people started outsourcing labor to poor
         | countries because they were allowed to import the products of
         | that labor back into the country cheaply.
         | 
         | > Now there's a populist making political hay, throwing out
         | numbers about trade deficits, which ignores revenue from
         | services.
         | 
         | This is just nonsense. The trade deficit includes services, and
         | grows a negative balance of payments that has been growing for
         | 50 years. It would be different if that money were used for
         | investment, but that money was just given to the wealthy.
         | Reversing the trade deficit _will not be enough._ It 's not
         | that the government is debt-ridden, it's that the nation is
         | debt-ridden. We're borrowing foreign cash to buy foreign
         | imports. All we have left is to sell off land, buildings, and
         | exclusive franchises.
         | 
         | But that's populist. As in the population that won't just be
         | able to move to a country that isn't broken.
         | 
         | I mean, every single part of this is wrong, and there's nothing
         | in it that resembles an economic argument. We need to bring
         | manufacturing to the US because _we need to produce something
         | in order to be paid._ We have no advantage in services, we only
         | pretend to have one because we have wealthy people who import
         | talent _and who are themselves immigrants._ We are not only not
         | working, but are badly educated. I have no idea why you think
         | that the world will continue to feed America for free, forever.
         | What we 're doing is selling the furniture and the fixtures,
         | and pretending like everything is just fine.
         | 
         | And the people who inherited the furniture and the fixtures are
         | like, yup, nothing's wrong.
        
           | trollbridge wrote:
           | The U.S. is still a leader in agricultural, although that's
           | heavily dependent on oil and cheap oil. Note that a place
           | like Brazil is also a leader in ag... and one of the reasons
           | they got to that position was through heavy protectionism to
           | develop their own industries.
        
         | culll_kuprey wrote:
         | > unless it just wants to cosplay
         | 
         | Do not underestimate this as a real population.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | The crazy thing is, due to coordinated propaganda campaigns,
         | people don't realize that the Biden administration got people
         | to invest in US factories at an unprecedented rate. Trump's
         | already managed to scare off a lot of that investment,
         | presumably because he wants to protect the trade deficit.
         | 
         | Here's a graph of actual private investment money going into
         | factories in the US since 1950. It proves my point:
         | 
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/C307RC1Q027SBEA
         | 
         | I guess the tariffs are serving some other purpose, like
         | forcing foreign governments to bribe him under-the-counter(?)
         | That'd explain his rapid increase in net worth since taking
         | office.
        
           | baggachipz wrote:
           | Biden was a relatively mediocre president (which I sure
           | miss), but his administration was amazing for America. They
           | laid the foundation for long-term prosperity, which is
           | entirely squandered now. Such a shame.
        
         | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
         | "Services" are actually fake and it turns out you need to be
         | able to make things to survive. Not for ROI or for trade
         | deficits, but because the world manufacturer sets the rules.
        
       | lallysingh wrote:
       | My guess is that investors expect AI to automate manufacturing,
       | and are waiting to see where that tech goes before spending a ton
       | of capital on soon-to-be-obsolete machinery.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | It's a strange bet because if AI can take over manufacturing,
         | it will take over almost everything else and this will cause a
         | complete overhaul of how we think about our economy.
        
           | ares623 wrote:
           | But for 20 sweet minutes just before the entire thing
           | collapses, someone will get crowned the winner
        
       | bgwalter wrote:
       | They are now open about it. Musk tweets about a new company
       | Macrohard, which does not manufacture itself
       | (https://xcancel.com/elonmusk/status/1977281341264740625#m):
       | 
       | "Our goal is to create a company that can do anything short of
       | manufacturing physical objects directly, but will be able to do
       | so indirectly, much like Apple has other companies manufacture
       | their phones."
       | 
       | In other words, we are a knowledge economy and outsource like
       | it's the 1990s with a bit of "AI" fantasies thrown in. The crash
       | cannot come soon enough.
        
         | justin66 wrote:
         | They orchestrate partners!
        
         | rubberband wrote:
         | This is eerily similar to the Enron business model... @.@
        
         | trollbridge wrote:
         | In other words, a middleman trying to extract big markups,
         | which seems to be a lot of businesses these days (like W09
         | AirBNB).
        
       | bhewes wrote:
       | We use AI to help manufacturers run their OT system more
       | effectively. We don't see employment rising in this sector but do
       | see output increases.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Weird that it doesn't translate to any visible growth, everyone
         | became a 10x employee, but if you exclude Ai companies
         | themselves the GDP barely moved in 3 years.
        
           | bhewes wrote:
           | There maybe a lag we are talking 12-24 month projects on our
           | end. But right AI spending is driving everything we will see
           | how long application shows up.
        
       | fair_enough wrote:
       | Just a friendly reminder: The Washington Post is owned by Jeff
       | Bezos. Of course he doesn't want people to think that tariffs can
       | bring back middle class manufacturing jobs, and naturally he
       | would want to publish propaganda intended to demoralize pro-labor
       | causes like import tariffs and worker protection laws.
       | 
       | I'm not saying he's wrong just yet, I'm just pointing out that he
       | owns a propaganda mouthpiece and is willing to lie on a grandiose
       | scale to protect his business interests.
        
         | profsummergig wrote:
         | It's intriguing to me how people assumed that Bezos would never
         | interfere with WaPo and then he did.
         | 
         | "We superior Westerners with our moral billionaires would
         | never... Hey! What're you doing!"
        
           | nxm wrote:
           | When the ship is sinking the captain has to intervene
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | He's your captain, not mine. I prefer intelligent,
             | thoughtful, compassionate, moral people to random rich guys
             | who happened to be in the right place at the right time.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Having worked in a job shop, a factory that did gears down to
       | quantity one, I became quite aware of the differences between IT,
       | my previous job, and actual physical production.
       | 
       | The machine tools were all made 50+ years ago. Changing
       | _anything_ was a dangerous thing to do, because you might cause
       | jobs that have known and reliable setups that are done a few
       | times a year in quantity, to fail, erasing the profits for the
       | job, and possibly losing customers.
       | 
       | The rush to fill brand new high energy intensive data centers
       | with hardware that has commercially useful lifetimes measured in
       | months (instead of decades for machine tools) seems quite short
       | sighted to me.
        
         | trenchpilgrim wrote:
         | > hardware that has commercially useful lifetimes measured in
         | months
         | 
         | What hardware is this? Most hardware including GPUs are cycled
         | between 5 and 8 years.
        
           | iancmceachern wrote:
           | A gpu from 8 years ago is cost competitive, efficient and
           | "worth using" for modern tasks?
        
             | hansmayer wrote:
             | The GPUs have a much shorter lifecycle, on the order of ~3
             | years.
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Exactly, I'm a mechanical engineer and I still have tools
               | given to me by my machinist great uncle from WWII that
               | are not only functional, they're identical to a new tool
               | I'd buy today for that purpose, from the same
               | manufacturer. This is the difference the OP was
               | highlighting
        
               | jaggederest wrote:
               | We've also been doing machining in the modern sense for
               | at least a hundred and fifty years. The GPU as a concept
               | is about 30 years old, and in the modern sense much
               | younger than that.
               | 
               | Innovation occurs on a sigmoid curve, we're still very
               | early in the sigmoid for software and computer hardware,
               | and very late in the sigmoid for machining, unless you
               | include CNC, in which case, we're back to software and
               | computer hardware being the new parts.
               | 
               | A better example would be the tape out and lifetime for
               | semiconductor fabs, which are _only_ about 70 years old
               | and have lifetimes measured in the decade range.
        
               | menaerus wrote:
               | Interesting thought but is it that the sigmoid curve can
               | represent the developments in SW and/or HW? To reach the
               | saturation point we need to be able to define a system up
               | to the point where there are almost no more unknowns
               | (variables), no? I am thinking that this probably isn't
               | possible in the context of {SW, HW}.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Are those tools functional? Have you ever checked? I'm
               | not sure what tools you are talking about, but likely
               | some of them are measurement tools and they can seem to
               | work perfect while giving the wrong measurement. Other
               | might be cutting tools that cut, but they are a bit dull
               | and if you don't know how to check you won't realize the
               | cuts are not as good as new anymore (or maybe you have
               | sharpened them and they now cut the wrong profile...).
               | There are many ways a tool can seem functional but be
               | wrong.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | > but likely some of them are measurement tools
               | 
               | where and why did you come to this conclusion?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | When someone says machine tools I assume it assumes the
               | measurement tools. It doesn't have to, but you can't do
               | much work without measuring. (unless you build to fit -
               | which works okay but there is a reason it went obsolete
               | 100+ years ago)
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Why the but? Measurement tools are tools
        
               | iancmceachern wrote:
               | Yes, and yes.
               | 
               | They are things like: -Measurement tools that can be
               | checked easily against Measurement standards (its taught
               | as good practice to check this anyway each use) -files
               | -transfer punches -feeler gages (again, easily checked)
               | -bore gages -gage pins - 123 blocks - on and on...
        
               | hansmayer wrote:
               | > I'm not sure what tools you are talking about, but
               | likely some of them are measurement tools
               | 
               | If you don't know something for sure, it's best to not
               | make assumptions. We're not LLMs and don't need to spit
               | out something confidently without understanding it.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | I have enough of a machinist background to know that
               | either he has measurement tools, or he has no clue what
               | the tools are. there is a tiny chance they onlp made
               | parts to fit each other without measuring sizes - but
               | that seems very unlikely and can be discounted without
               | even knowing them.
        
               | trenchpilgrim wrote:
               | No they don't. The 3 year number came from some random
               | person on the internet who claimed to be a Google
               | employee and was denied by Google, as you can see on any
               | of the articles about this claim:
               | 
               | > Recent purported comments about Nvidia GPU hardware
               | utilization and service life expressed by an "unnamed
               | source" were inaccurate, do not represent how we utilize
               | Nvidia's technology, and do not represent our experience.
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | The V100 is ~8 years old and AFAIK mostly not that common
             | anymore, but the A100 is ~5.5 years old now and is still
             | very commonly used, it's maybe the most common HPC cluster
             | GPU. On the consumer side, 3090s are still very popular,
             | representing a good balance between cost, performance and
             | efficiency (this is mostly due to 4090s and 5090s being
             | much more expensive).
        
             | rmoriz wrote:
             | I don't want to be picky, but there is still a lot of value
             | left in "not modern" tasks, like video
             | encoding/transcoding. If somewhere the trickle-down effect
             | is real, then it is computing hardware. Take Hetzner's
             | server auction. If the hardware is physically deployed and
             | running, you just need to find appropriate
             | payloads/customers. https://www.hetzner.com/sb/
        
               | trollbridge wrote:
               | We have a box at work for employees bring hardware in
               | they're getting rid of, along with hardware we're
               | throwing out that we don't need anymore.
               | 
               | It has a pile of GPUs that are completely obsolete for
               | any task: they use way too much power, have a large form
               | factor that burns up a PCIe x16 slot, are loud, some need
               | extra power cables, lack driver support on modern
               | operating systems, and in return for all that don't have
               | as much power as something much better you could get for
               | $100.
               | 
               | Value on eBay seems to be about $10-$15, mostly for
               | people with a retro computing hobby or people removing
               | semiconductor components for other purposes.
               | 
               | An obsolete data centre isn't worth much either. (We have
               | a small one made from equipment being liquidated from
               | local data centres that have been upgraded.) The power
               | consumption is too high and it is not set up for
               | efficient HVAC for modern ultra high power draw
               | workloads.
        
               | rmoriz wrote:
               | The key is to calculate right and go for the mainstream
               | hardware. If you are a hosting company with diversified
               | use cases, you have plenty of room to downcycle hardware
               | until it breaks. If you are operating under limited space
               | in a field with bleeding edge/performance targets, doing
               | this is not viable. There are many solution provides that
               | will buy your outdated things. I'm not saying that old
               | hardware is great or a cash cow in general, but the
               | lifetime can usually be doubled or tripled if the right
               | use case can be found and when you are the owner.
               | 
               | Side quest: Virtualized instances at cloud providers
               | never get upgraded unless recreated. I bet there are
               | millions of VMs running for years on specs and prices of
               | 2018-2020.
        
           | rhubarbtree wrote:
           | Data centre hardware is more like 3 years.
        
             | trenchpilgrim wrote:
             | No they don't. 5-8 years is common. The source for the 3
             | year number is an unnamed random person claiming to be a
             | Google engineer, and Google specifically reached out to all
             | the journalists publishing that claim with this response.
             | 
             | > Recent purported comments about Nvidia GPU hardware
             | utilization and service life expressed by an "unnamed
             | source" were inaccurate, do not represent how we utilize
             | Nvidia's technology, and do not represent our experience.
        
               | rhubarbtree wrote:
               | It dropped down, but is now being extended to 5 years.
               | 
               | The 3 year number was reported by the FT this year from a
               | bunch of companies, where they were saying their
               | accountants are extending to 5 years.
               | 
               | Another example, MS just moved from 4 years to 5.
        
               | trenchpilgrim wrote:
               | You are confusing depreciation (which is mostly driven by
               | tax reasons) with service lifecycle.
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | A lot of these tax codes were written when computers were
               | outdated within a year. The turnover of computers slowed
               | a lot in the last two decades, but the tax codes haven't
               | changed.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | And you're confusing all of these terms. The "3 years" is
               | the standard _warranty_ and typically gets extended to 5
               | years (and maybe 7 or 8 depending on the vendor). This is
               | consistent with Dell PowerEdge, HP ProLiant, etc.
               | servers. Nvidia GPUs on the other hand...there likely
               | could be different terms, but idk because they are not
               | typical purchases for 95% of the companies who make
               | server hardware purchases.
               | 
               | Source - I regularly work with IT departments and review
               | their contracts as part of diligence.
        
               | trenchpilgrim wrote:
               | Nobody in this thread has mentioned warranty periods. The
               | original comment was about the hardware lifecycle,
               | claiming the hardware was only commercially viable for
               | months. The 3 year number that people are tossing around
               | came from a discredited interview that made the rounds on
               | social media a while back:
               | https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-
               | components/gpus/datacenter-g...
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | You're proving my point. Hardware's lifecycle is based on
               | warranty - that's it.
               | 
               | The parent comment was:
               | 
               | > Data centre hardware is more like 3 years.
               | 
               | That comment is actually referencing the standard
               | warranty period (which is indeed typically 3 years),
               | which may or may not be consistent with the useful life
               | of server hardware (which is much more subjective and
               | varies based on appliance).
        
               | trenchpilgrim wrote:
               | Not that immediate parent comment. This original comment:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45575908
        
               | boroboro4 wrote:
               | Data centers might be, GPUs not really. No one needs GPUs
               | from 8 years, and hardly even 5.
        
               | trenchpilgrim wrote:
               | A100s are over 5 years old and still widely used for HPC.
               | 8 year old V100s are still available on cloud providers
               | for low-intensity workloads.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | If GPU demand growth continues to outpace GPU production
               | growth, that is necessarily going to change. Older GPUs
               | may not be cost competitive to operate with newer GPUs,
               | but when the alternative is _no_ GPU...
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | So like, up to 100 months.
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | That's backwards. If you can amortize $70k in a few months
         | you're doing extremely well.
        
         | nvader wrote:
         | I'm not arguing with your overall conclusion.
         | 
         | However, the hardware situation you described sounds very
         | brittle to me. If the machine shop is so tightly constrained
         | and error-phobic, that sounds like there's very little space of
         | tinkering, exploration or innovation.
         | 
         | Unless that was your overall point, that capacity in hardware
         | manufacturing has rotted away to the point where things are
         | hanging on by a thread.
        
           | noosphr wrote:
           | You don't tinker, explore or innovate live in prod with the
           | root account either.
           | 
           | There are general purpose machines that you can make new
           | parts on, and you open a pilot plant if you want to
           | experiment with new manufacturing techniques.
        
           | DannyBee wrote:
           | "If the machine shop is so tightly constrained and error-
           | phobic, that sounds like there's very little space of
           | tinkering, exploration or innovation."
           | 
           | This is the opposite of brittle. You say this as if those
           | things are desired here. Those things would be a net negative
           | to a well known production process for complex parts.
           | 
           | After years, that process has been refined to basically the
           | limits of the machines and the physics involved, to optimize
           | cost vs speed.
           | 
           | There is no "tinkering" or "innovation" necessary, and it
           | would be highly detrimental. The experimental part is done
           | until a new machine might provide some benefit (Often this is
           | done by the manufacturer trying to sell them). Then you would
           | test it out on that machine, not fuck up an existing well-
           | running process.
           | 
           | Also - not everything requires improvement or tinkering. Some
           | things are just done. Even if you could make them slightly
           | better, it's not worth the overall cost over time for
           | everyone. Being "better" is not enough, it has to actually be
           | worth being better. Even things that are worth it, if you
           | want customers to use your new thing, you have to support
           | their old thing, even if that's painful or annoying for you.
           | 
           | This is something that lots of ecosystems used to know
           | (fortran is a good example, which is why NETLIB code from the
           | 70's is still in wide use) but some newer ecosystems can't
           | understand.
        
             | nvader wrote:
             | This is fascinating. I really don't know much about the
             | world you're describing, so thank you for sharing your
             | perspective.
             | 
             | Don't customer needs change over time? How would one adapt
             | to shifting demand, or new materials becoming available, or
             | old materials going out of supply.
        
               | simmonmt wrote:
               | It depends on the item. Let's take this screw pitch gage:
               | https://www.starrett.com/details?cat-no=155
               | 
               | Starrett doesn't really compete on price, as evidenced by
               | the fact that this is a $95 item whereas the cheap
               | alternatives go for closer to $10 on Amazon. So they're
               | probably not making or selling very many of them. But
               | they sell enough to make it worth keeping them in stock,
               | and eventually they'll run out so they'll need to make
               | new parts. Assuming low volume (I say this just in case
               | I've accidentally picked the one weird thing that does
               | sell like hotcakes), they're not going to spend any
               | engineering time evolving that design. The input
               | materials aren't going to stop being made. It is what it
               | is, it does what it does, some people buy it, and so the
               | name of the game becomes how do you make that specific
               | thing they want with the least overhead? You use the same
               | tooling you've used for the last 50 years. When you need
               | a new batch of parts, you pull out that tooling, stamp
               | out a bunch of leaves, and put the tooling away until you
               | need it again.
               | 
               | There are many many manufactured items that fall into
               | this category.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | For those not familiar, Starrett has a reputation of
               | quality. If you want the best you buy Starrett and pay
               | the price. Often those Amazon alternatives are good
               | enough, but often they have minor usability issues such
               | that they are not as nice. Sometimes those Amazon
               | alternatives are wrong in ways that matter and they can't
               | be used at all.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I have a couple of Starrett items only because I lucked
               | out at machine shop auctions and they came in boxes with
               | other stuff that the auction house couldn't be bothered
               | to sort.
               | 
               | I'm not a professional, I'm a metalworking hobbyist and
               | the cheap imported electronic tools are more than good
               | enough for me. However, my Starrett Dial Test Indicator
               | is like jewelry, it's so beautifully well made. My cheap
               | Chinese mechanical DTI is probably almost as accurate,
               | but one is obviously far better made than the other.
        
               | NegativeK wrote:
               | > How would one adapt to shifting demand, or new
               | materials becoming available, or old materials going out
               | of supply.
               | 
               | That's very unlikely. New materials would require the
               | company requesting the part to reengineer it, recertify
               | it, or at least retest it. But even still we're not
               | coming up with materials that are a significant
               | improvement in most fields. Aerospace, sure. It can be
               | worth it to iterate and improve. Most things, a part
               | that's worked for 50 years will keep working and will be
               | happily profitable in maintenance mode. Those customers
               | want reliability, not to test some improvement on a part
               | that has negligible impact in the overall system.
               | 
               | And the common metals (gears are typically steel, maybe a
               | yellow metal) are made in such large amounts that new
               | materials are going to cost a heck of a lot more. So the
               | customer is going to wreck their profit while the machine
               | shop probably isn't going to have to change their process
               | that much.
               | 
               | There definitely is innovation in machining. New
               | processes are making tighter tolerances more achievable
               | or material removal faster. But to the top commentor's
               | point (who showed me how to use a benchtop lathe over a
               | decade ago), the capital investment for a new machine
               | plus the labor of duplicating all of your work plus the
               | unknown maintenance costs, etc etc etc just don't make
               | sense when Moore's law doesn't apply.
        
             | ragebol wrote:
             | 'brittle' here, I interpret as: not simple to restore, the
             | knowledge to get them stood up again is brittle. A bus
             | factor of one, to get back in SWE parlance.
             | 
             | If that factory burns down or a forklift crashes into the
             | machine, it might be gone with no chance of recovery
             | because the knowledge is gone.
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | It is brittle, or at least it's got a limited life. When
             | you don't have these things, you lose the knowledge that
             | set up the system in the first place, and you can be SOL
             | when something breaks. I'm not saying just change things
             | willy-nilly, but if you don't have an active process of
             | understanding and interacting with the way that your
             | factory is set up, you're going out of business, you just
             | don't know when.
        
             | zbentley wrote:
             | > not everything requires improvement or tinkering. Some
             | things are just done.
             | 
             | For sure, but how do you know?
             | 
             | If it's only via:
             | 
             | > The experimental part is done until a new machine might
             | provide some benefit (Often this is done by the
             | manufacturer trying to sell them). Then you would test it
             | out on that machine, not fuck up an existing well-running
             | process.
             | 
             | ...then I worry about the efficiency of improvement. Sure,
             | manufacturing equipment salespeople definitely are in touch
             | with what _consumers_ want ( "Everyone is buying lamb now,
             | buy our new breed of high-birth-rate sheep!"), but that's
             | under the assumption that _manufacturers_ never improve
             | /iterate on their own processes ("Our farm is competitive
             | because we've found that feeding sheep our special high-
             | protein diet increases birth dates").
             | 
             | Rather than relying on the consumers-experimenters-
             | manufacturers game of telephone, it seems likely to me that
             | many manufacturing improvements have been driven by
             | marginal tweaks/improvements made on the factory floor.
        
               | tclancy wrote:
               | Well, I would suggest if a thing is around that long and
               | still does the job, it's close enough to done. Something
               | going missing in the pushback here is this is a physical
               | machine shop. My grandfather was the shop foreman for a
               | jewelry maker and he was intensely proud of the fact he
               | was the one person on the floor who still had all his
               | fingers. Intact. Different jobs have different ideas
               | about good Developer Experience.
        
               | greedo wrote:
               | Improvement is usually done via competition. Sometimes
               | the competition is price based, and sometimes quality
               | based. In the best of worlds, both.
               | 
               | For example, there are a ton of cheap crappy woodworking
               | tools. Think Stanley etc. They barely do the job if at
               | all. Then there are a group of vendors like Wood River
               | that constantly create newer tools that are much more
               | expensive than what you find in a big box tool store. And
               | then farther up the food chain are vendors like Lie
               | Nielsen who craft luxury tools that are amazing to use.
               | 
               | This market segmentation extends to most tools; someone
               | like Woodpecker comes up with a ton of clever tools for
               | marking/measuring etc for woodworking, then others copy
               | them. Oldest story in capitalism.
               | 
               | The manufacturing improvements in this process are non-
               | stop. For some really good examples in consumer
               | electronics, read "Apple in China" to see how China
               | transformed into a power house in a relatively short
               | amount of time.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | > For sure, but how do you know?
               | 
               | In actual engineering, one can work out the theoretical
               | limits (strength, expansion, etc) and measure the current
               | product's performance against the limits. A new widget-
               | making machine or process cannot imbue widgets with
               | physics-defying properties. Any fundamental improvements
               | can only be made on the outside, auch as new alloys; but
               | that would be an entirely different product, nor the one
               | you've been selling for 40 years that your customers
               | trust and love.
        
               | zevon wrote:
               | If you don't have a very good marketing department, I'll
               | still kick you out of business if I can double or triple
               | the amount of widgets I can make because I started with
               | the same machines you did - but I upgraded them with
               | better controls, attached a few robot arms and now run a
               | lights-out widget factory tended by a fraction of the
               | workforce you employ while you reminisce about the good
               | old times...
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | > but some newer ecosystems can't understand.
             | 
             | The ecosystems are an approximation of the people that run
             | them. The ecosystems want to get rich quick and cash out
             | with no regard for economic sustainability in the medium or
             | long term because that's what the people who run them want.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > If the machine shop is so tightly constrained and error-
           | phobic
           | 
           | Isn't the entire point of a machine shop to be these things?
           | 
           | > capacity in hardware manufacturing has rotted away to the
           | point where things are hanging on by a thread.
           | 
           | You cannot make a profit on a manufacturing line that is not
           | being utilized. Keeping spare tools around and functional
           | just in case is very expensive insurance policy.
           | 
           | Semiconductor manufacturing follows these rules as
           | aggressively as possible. The entire line is built based on
           | the speed of the highest cost tools. There are cases where
           | having redundant tooling would definitely prevent some scrap
           | events, but the premium on this options contract is never
           | worth it on average.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | > However, the hardware situation you described sounds very
           | brittle to me. If the machine shop is so tightly constrained
           | and error-phobic, that sounds like there's very little space
           | of tinkering, exploration or innovation.
           | 
           | The technical term for that is "the real world". Moment of
           | perspective on just how weird the software people are that
           | they don't just accept mucking around as expensive and
           | dangerous.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | I don't think it's weird, it's just a feature of their/our
             | tools. For software people, experimentation _is_ cheap and
             | easy. Version control means rollbacks are easy and fast. If
             | you do break something, completely rebuilding the
             | application from scratch is something that happens dozens
             | of times per day anyway. When trying a new tool, it arrives
             | with almost no lead time and often at zero cost, so the
             | only price is a few person-hours of work.
        
             | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
             | I don't think "mucking around" is the correct perspective
             | there.
             | 
             | It's hard to argue that most if not all of the recent
             | innovations in manufacturing concern making chains more
             | modulable, and easier and cheaper to modifywhich you could
             | see as bringing manufacturing closer and closer to software
             | engineering and this is probably to be even more true in
             | the year to come.
             | 
             | Large scale automation using mostly wireless technology,
             | easily reconfigurable pick-and-place machine and robot
             | conveyor, cheap additive manufacturing, easy to use and
             | cheap CNC machining with precision which were until
             | recently limited to very expensive models, we are quickly
             | getting to a point where configuring a mostly automated
             | short run is both manageable and cost effective provided
             | you have invested in the tooling and have the engineers
             | able to put it in place efficiently.
             | 
             | I think that when people talk about bringing back
             | manufacturing, most think Ford Model T assembly line in
             | 1900 when the norm is quickly becoming a SpaceX-like
             | pacing. That's basically what you are competing against in
             | South East Asia and it sadly has far less need for an
             | uneducated workforce than many expect.
        
               | helltone wrote:
               | Do you have some references for the pick and place and
               | other reconfiguration things you mentioned. I've been out
               | of this space for a while but last I checked these were
               | still incredibly challenging things to get right.
        
               | zevon wrote:
               | I'd also like more comprehensive write-ups on such topics
               | but either I haven't found the right sources yet or all
               | the people who know how to set up and keep modern
               | fabrication infrastructure going are too busy raking in
               | the cash and making stuff. ^^
               | 
               | If you like visual media, the "Strange Parts" YouTube
               | channel is an interesting source for glimpses into
               | modern, mostly Chinese factories:
               | https://www.youtube.com/@StrangeParts/
               | 
               | Since you're asking about pick and place specifically,
               | https://www.opulo.io/ is an interesting example of how
               | far/cheap you can push such machinery (and the design in
               | and of itself is interesting from a manufacturing point
               | of view). Not all that relevant from a mass-production
               | point of view, though.
        
             | zevon wrote:
             | That sounds catchy but I think it doesn't survive further
             | inspection. People mucking around with machines and
             | processes were rather instrumental in creating lathes,
             | steam power, rockets, computers, looms, software, CNC-
             | machines and all those other puzzle pieces we have
             | available to make stuff. They are also instrumental in
             | developing those things further.
             | 
             | I'm also kind of curious as to know what kind of machine
             | shops you base this on. Most production companies, labs and
             | even small fabricators I've seen have continued to develop
             | and to optimize their infrastructure and processes. To take
             | the numbers discussed here: 50 years ago, (C)NC machines,
             | CAD and CAM were in their infancy. And that stuff certainly
             | has changed some things in the world of fabrication.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | Machine shops, and serious software shops don't fo their
               | mucking about in prod. Any machine shop experimentation
               | that takes fown the production line is like Google or
               | Meta going partially or fully offline - which has
               | happened - but is also financially painful, so they do
               | all they can to avoid it.
        
               | zevon wrote:
               | Sure - I guess this is generally true for most work
               | domains, not just machine shops and serious software
               | shops. However, the argument I was responding to was that
               | there is no mucking about in the "real world" and that
               | there is this difference between mucky software people
               | and the serious creators of real stuff. Which I don't
               | agree with.
               | 
               | btw: If we understand "machine shop" as a mass production
               | environment with modern, integrated production lines, it
               | is my anecdotal experience that there is a _massive_
               | amount of muckery and fuckery involved in getting such an
               | environment to run (usually called  "integration" or some
               | such which probably looks better on business cards).
               | There's also a good chance that over the years - or
               | decades - different people will engage in further
               | iterations of the muck-pile to modify the system for new
               | requirements from high on up or weird edge cases, to
               | replace components that are no longer available with
               | other stuff or to do whatever else the day might call
               | for.
        
           | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
           | > However, the hardware situation you described sounds very
           | brittle to me.
           | 
           | It is very britlle.
           | 
           | The situation described is what happens when there is
           | significant loss of knowledge, little pressure to improve
           | productivity and low products turnover. You start to fear
           | changing things because you doubt you would be able to get
           | back to the previous situation. That's a huge red flag
           | because you are one unexpected incident/failure away from a
           | very difficult situation.
           | 
           | That's why someone mentioned _process knowledge_ in another
           | thread. If you have mastery of the process required to setup
           | a manufacturing chain, you are far less afraid of changes and
           | that 's indeed key to being efficient and innovative.
           | 
           | But the original commenter is also right that volume is key
           | here. If your volumes are so low that short time
           | unavailability or a small amount of failures is life
           | threatening, you simply don't have the breathing room to
           | properly operate.
        
           | scott_w wrote:
           | > If the machine shop is so tightly constrained and error-
           | phobic, that sounds like there's very little space of
           | tinkering
           | 
           | For plenty of industries, margins dictate that this is the
           | desired outcome. The goal is to optimise output, not react
           | quickly to changes.
           | 
           | There are factories that work to order and can change to
           | adapt to customer needs. These are fewer and further between,
           | and tend to be more expensive as they aren't (by design) able
           | to take advantage of economies of scale.
        
           | red-iron-pine wrote:
           | > If the machine shop is so tightly constrained and error-
           | phobic, that sounds like there's very little space of
           | tinkering, exploration or innovation.
           | 
           | for many machine shops the level of physical risk is > 0,
           | often by a large amount.
           | 
           | making widgets for X means handling large quantities of red
           | hot metal; even simple stuff that's easy to get your hands
           | around often shoots tons of oil, gas, and metal shavings in
           | volumes that could hurt or cripple people.
           | 
           | if my dev VM gets borked I reboot or revert it, but factories
           | aren't so simple
        
             | lbhdc wrote:
             | I find your perspective to be very software centric, and I
             | expect many people who work in heavy industry to have a
             | very different perspective about this.
             | 
             | I was on the implementation end of a considerable amount of
             | industrial automation and technological advancement about
             | 10 years ago. When we were on site the result of making
             | mistakes started at the death of a team member. There were
             | a plethora of things that could kill you horribly, falls,
             | hazardous environment, rotating equipment, etc.
             | 
             | Yet we all survived overhauling processes in hundreds of
             | plants. Working in hazardous environments isn't untenable,
             | or even particularly difficult to do safely. In fact we
             | worked at a much faster pace (with fewer mistakes) than
             | corporate world I work in now.
        
         | janalsncm wrote:
         | That sounds like a result of brain drain, honestly. The people
         | who stood up that hardware 50 years ago are 50 years older now.
         | 
         | By contrast, the Chinese have mastered _process knowledge_ ,
         | transferring from one domain to the next. If we want to compete
         | with them, it's worth knowing what doing well looks like.
        
           | subscribed wrote:
           | Smarter Every Day did a great video on that.
        
             | spiresofagartha wrote:
             | what's it?
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Probably this one:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDzBE6vz5r0
        
               | ssonal wrote:
               | Likely this one on the tooling & die industry, and the
               | process knowledge that has evaporated from America over
               | time. https://youtu.be/3ZTGwcHQfLY?si=SgZMaXmhydWHfb52
        
           | ffsm8 wrote:
           | They built this knowledge up only in the last 10-15 yrs
           | though. It's absolutely possible to reverse this trend within
           | a much shorter time period then this argument always implies.
        
             | simgt wrote:
             | How do you end up with 10-15 years? China is almost
             | perfectly vertically integrated from raw materials to
             | highly advanced finished products. Their industrialization
             | started in the 70s. Getting to that level would require a
             | lot of planning as well as the kind of hard constraints
             | imposed on China through embargo.
             | 
             | We're not even getting _back_ to that level, we 've never
             | reached iPhone level of manufacturing in the US or Europe.
        
               | 3D30497420 wrote:
               | It would also require a degree of consensus and quality
               | of leadership which is completely lacking.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | The leadership in democracy does what the population
               | wants, even more so in the past couple decades.
        
               | simgt wrote:
               | Citation very much needed ;) Even our current voting
               | systems are far from being the best we can come up with
               | in term of fairness. The population most certainly wants
               | to remain in an environment humans can comfortably live
               | in, somehow that's not what our democracies are selecting
               | for these days.
        
               | kakacik wrote:
               | Yet people actively decided as they did, while almost
               | fully knowing where it leads. It could also have been
               | worse given progressing senility, attempt to overthrow
               | government etc. We are not in a new territory after all,
               | just continuation. Tariffs are new mexican wall.
               | 
               | At least accept how your nation thinks on average, no
               | weaseling around simple fact of today's reality.
        
               | darepublic wrote:
               | In fairness while people do obviously want them they also
               | want all the current conveniences of modern life and
               | more. Completely off the cuff but I'm pretty sure the sum
               | of those desires vastly dwarfs concern over longer term
               | environmental effects. Essentially I think the average
               | joe prioritizes their job and lifestyle over nagging
               | climate concerns just like the gov does.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | I don't know what kind of citation you expect. It's clear
               | that political participation was never more direct and
               | organized than now in the age of social media. The fools
               | and resentful who always were numerous have found a way
               | to unite and bypass the establishment and educational
               | filters which were effectively restraining politics
               | before. All the cowards, short termists, wannabe
               | dictators, conspiracists and anti-intellectualists who
               | are being elected squarely and fairly represent the
               | people who voted for them.
        
               | simgt wrote:
               | I'm not from the US and I'm not arguing that the current
               | US gov wasn't elected fairly. It's not a law of physics
               | that leaders of democracies do what the people want, they
               | are selected by a system that was designed to estimate
               | the preference of a population (more likely the
               | preference of the ones who designed it). A democratic
               | system designed differently would have a different
               | outcome, there are good examples of what happens when the
               | system favors consensus for instance [0][1], albeit not
               | at the same scale.
               | 
               | [0] https://democracy-
               | technologies.org/participation/consensus-b...
               | 
               | 1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_Convention_for_
               | Climat...
        
               | Thlom wrote:
               | Yet somehow the desires of the population is fulfilled to
               | a higher degree in authoritarian China than in the beacon
               | of democracy USA.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | This uh valiant defense of China misses my point
               | entirely. People in democracies have no excuse hiding
               | their personal responsibility behind flawed leadership.
        
               | GolfPopper wrote:
               | By the same token, hiding comprehensively broken and
               | undemocratic governance behind "it's the publics' fault,
               | because they get to vote for one of two candidates owned
               | by wealthy donors every 2 years" is the opposite of
               | useful.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | This phenomenon is not limited to the United States, the
               | trend is global including many parliamentary republics.
        
               | mattlutze wrote:
               | A degree of consensus and unity in leadership which is
               | foreign to current American culture.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | bollocks. there is profound unity and direction in US
               | leadership, and has been for years -- it's all written by
               | the Heritage Foundation and funded by a few oil and tech
               | billionaires.
               | 
               | it's been like that since before George W Bush was lock-
               | step with Fox News and a GOP led Congress.
               | 
               | the only difference is in 2025 the billionaires funding
               | these things are as foreign as they are domistic
        
               | gregw2 wrote:
               | Musk apparently stood up a brand new raw to finished
               | goods manufacturing for Starlink kits in 2-3 years in
               | America/Texas. Non trivial, but doable in niches at
               | least, per a factory engineer:
               | 
               | "The main function of this site is to produce our
               | standard Starlink kits. Right now, we're producing 15,000
               | a day straight out of the factory.
               | 
               | Raw plastic palettes come in, raw aluminum comes in and
               | we make those into the Starlink kits and ship them right
               | out to the customer zones."
               | 
               | https://www.teslaoracle.com/2025/03/06/spacex-bastrop-
               | factor...
        
               | bdbdkdksk wrote:
               | So they form the plastic (already processed) using
               | machines they've imported, and then put pre-populated
               | PCBs with components made in China inside them? Hardly
               | soup to nuts manufacturing.
               | 
               | I've worked in a niche assembly line in North America
               | where we populated some of the board components in-house,
               | but they were etched in batches off-site.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | This certainly is not a "raw to finished goods" plant,
               | it's a typical Musk exaggeration.
               | 
               | The housing, maybe. Makes sense to produce that
               | domestically at the volume SpaceX requires, less shipping
               | costs because the dishes do take up volume.
               | 
               | But the PCB? Almost certainly not. With any luck they're
               | making and assembling the PCB in house, but the
               | components originate from _a lot_ of suppliers and there
               | are a lot of components on it [1]. Personally, I 'd guess
               | the latter, given that the PCB contains a lot of pretty
               | novel tech [2] of which I'm certain that SpaceX wants to
               | be able to iterate on as fast as they can, without having
               | to wait for even a day or two for a new plane full of
               | PCBs from China.
               | 
               | [1] https://wccftech.com/starlink-user-terminal-apple-
               | supplier-t...
               | 
               | [2] https://hackaday.com/2021/01/11/starlink-satellite-
               | dish-x-ra...
        
               | ux266478 wrote:
               | It was not linear growth. The 70s and 80s were
               | essentially write-offs. Things began to move in the
               | mid-1990s and it has been a continual evolution and
               | process over the last 30 years. Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao
               | and Xi Jinping's teams all did wildly different things
               | for China. The vertical integration you mention was
               | basically non-existent prior to 2020, it came about as
               | part of the New Development Pattern (Xin Fa Zhan Ge Ju )
               | for the Inner Loop (Guo Nei Shuang Xun Huan )
               | 
               | China today _is_ virtually unrecognizable compared to
               | even 10 years ago, though.
        
               | SpicyUme wrote:
               | I remember when there was a big push to make ball point
               | pen tips, and how a but less than 10 years later they
               | succeeded in making them domestically.
        
               | EliRivers wrote:
               | Rings a bell. Sounds simple, but being able to reliably
               | make huge numbers of tiny little metal spheres with tiny
               | tiny tolerance is a serious feat; being able to do that
               | brings knowledge and experience that unlocks an entire
               | level of the tech tree.
        
             | schmidtleonard wrote:
             | Wars are won or lost in 5 years, not 15. I agree that it's
             | possible to reverse the trend, but we have to decide that
             | we want to independently of a physical conflict, before
             | someone else teaches us that deindustrialization is not
             | advancement. Otherwise the lesson will come too late.
        
             | downrightmike wrote:
             | ~~~~~we could just hire them and buy their knowledge if it
             | weren't for trade wars~~~~~~~
        
           | delfinom wrote:
           | No the point is "overhead". You don't disturb working setups
           | because you will cause engineering time to update the setup,
           | that engineering time is added to the cost overhead of a job.
           | Time is literally money, even if the employee(s) are
           | salaried, their time is factored into the cost of a job.
           | 
           | The knowledge is still there, but American labor is expensive
           | as hell compared to overseas competitors and so any shop in
           | the US has to contend balancing their profit margin and costs
           | to remain competitively priced.
           | 
           | When doing machine shop jobs, it's far easier to bury the
           | cost of initial tooling/fixturing in the initial first job as
           | a separate line charge for NRE. It's alot harder to sell to
           | customers that you will charge them that cost on subsequent
           | orders. You can charge customers for "setup overhead" on
           | subsequent orders but that should be the cost of putting any
           | existing tooling into service, not engineering new ones
           | because you decided to change shit on a whim.
        
             | egberts1 wrote:
             | Modern shipbuilders know all about that.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > The knowledge is still there
             | 
             | Tell that to the people who lost FOGBANK, or rather, the
             | knowledge and most importantly the practical experience on
             | how to make it. Or Emmentaler cheese - the one with the
             | bubbles. Turns out, you need something only discovered when
             | someone noticed the bubbles began to vanish... small
             | contaminations from microscopic hay particles [1] that went
             | away when manufacturing switched to fully sealed vats.
             | 
             | There is always, _always_ undocumented steps and unknown
             | implicit assumptions involved in any manufacturing process.
             | No matter how good the documentation is, you need the
             | practical experience.
             | 
             | And that, in turn, is also why the US is producing so much
             | military surplus - should there ever be a full blown war
             | with Russia or China, or there be any other need for a
             | massive invasion land war for whatever cause, there is a
             | shit ton of stuff on stockpile and the production can be
             | rapidly scaled up by experienced personnel training fresh
             | recruits. That would be outright impossible to do if there
             | were no experienced personnel.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mystery-of-
             | disappearing-hole...
        
         | RataNova wrote:
         | It's wild to think we used to build things to last decades. Now
         | we build them to chase benchmarks for the next quarter
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | Computing hardware has always been on 3-5 year depreciation
           | schedules. Not because it doesn't last, most of it will last
           | decades, but because the next generation is so much better
           | that your total costs for the next three years are lower if
           | you buy new gear and throw the old stuff away.
           | 
           | And that's not just because of the rapid advances, but also
           | because servers are expensive to run relative to their
           | purchase price, and setup costs are cheap. For machining
           | tools setup costs can be substantial, and the cost of keeping
           | an old machine around is small
        
           | Broken_Hippo wrote:
           | Did we, though? I am just not convinced.
           | 
           | A lot of cheap stuff through history that was definitely not
           | made to last. I had _paper dolls_ as a child. So did my
           | mother. Probably her mother too - I 'd ask, but she's dead.
           | 
           | How long do you expect a car to last? 100k miles (160k km),
           | at least? It wasn't all that long ago that they were dead at
           | 100k.
           | 
           | They used to add talc and sawdust to bread because they were
           | cheaper than flour. Talk about chasing a quick buck. I very
           | highly doubt they even cared about the next quarter. More
           | realistically, things were built using the cheapest parts
           | they could to make what they wanted - and they wanted things
           | that would sell. Sure, some made things nicer than others but
           | that's no different now.
           | 
           | Most of the things that we have now - old fridges, chairs,
           | and so on - are flukes. They survived despite the odds.
           | 
           | Would most people even know if an MP3 player was built to
           | last? How about an ink pen?
        
             | thewebguyd wrote:
             | I think a lot of people conflate "built to last" with
             | "ability to be repaired by yourself."
             | 
             | To continue the car analogy, I could replace almost any
             | part easily, with simple tools I have at home, on my 1990
             | GMC 1500 truck. Parts are plentiful and cheap, plenty of
             | room to work on the engine, nothing is hidden inside black
             | boxes. It's got 280k miles on it and still running great.
             | 
             | To contrast that with my 2020 Subaru Crosstrek hybrid, is
             | much more difficult to work on, can't even fit my hands to
             | access anything that's not on the top of the engine, other
             | repairs requiring full engine removal and specialized
             | tools. There's more electronics and more completely sealed
             | systems.
             | 
             | Same can be said about some household appliances, and even
             | computers. Not only were things, generally more repairable,
             | but repair didn't require specialized tools in most cases,
             | we didn't have to first melt glue, resolder SSDs, etc.
             | 
             | My old compaq Armada may not have been built to last at the
             | time, but it was certainly stupid easy to repair and
             | replace every single component in it.
        
             | nosianu wrote:
             | Good furniture was inherited and lasted a very long time
             | even across generations.
             | 
             | For a while I still used a wonderful and thick winter
             | (loden) coat originally owned by my great-grandfather, from
             | the early 20th century.
             | 
             | Dishes and silverware. Toys, books. Tools. A modern hammer
             | looks much more fancy but it works no better than an
             | ancient dwarven-made one that gives you +10 strength when
             | used. Musical instruments. Some kitchen utensils,
             | especially ones used for traditional cooking and food
             | preservation methods.
             | 
             | Boots and shoes! They were repaired repeatedly (that also
             | means they were easily repairable, not so easy with current
             | shoes and their materials and layers).
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | I have a 4790k based machine standing unused by my desk
           | (going to get the data off it and then get rid of it).
           | Today's processors are so much better that if you used this
           | one you'd be losing money on power.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | We still do. I think the Service Life of a Toyota Landcruiser
           | is still 25 years. As a software developer, I've written
           | control code for instruments that are expected to be on the
           | market for at least 15-20 years from initial release and we
           | have to plan Support and spare parts accordingly.
           | 
           | It's just that the fast-paced, built to last 6 months stuff
           | gets all the good press.
        
           | downrightmike wrote:
           | Deregulation and firms like Bain capital (Romney) parted out
           | all those corporations to china.
           | 
           | You see the same process that destroyed Toys r Us and Sears
           | more recently.
           | 
           | This was all on purpose to extract whatever could from the
           | corpse or USA manufacturing
        
         | ForHackernews wrote:
         | The heavy presses produced in 1955 are still in use today
         | https://www.gasparini.com/en/the-worlds-largest-hydraulic-pr...
        
         | tclancy wrote:
         | There is a really interesting generation gap issue in the
         | replies to your comment. What I perceive as younger people are
         | horrified at the idea of fifty year old tools while the older
         | folks are thinking (I imagine) "if the tools have lasted that
         | long they must be well-honed and very good".
         | 
         | Of course, this could simply be the perspective of someone
         | turning 50 this year.
        
           | fidotron wrote:
           | I'm somewhere in the middle, young enough that almost
           | everything I've seen new is disposable crap (including the
           | tools), old enough that I have had an interest in things from
           | before and noticed that they really were built much better,
           | or at least heavier, back then.
           | 
           | I've made the comment on here before that I believe it's
           | short term energy optimisation, in that it used to be seen as
           | reasonable to much heavier objects around. We've made
           | everything so light we've lost the infrastructure for moving
           | heavy stuff around when we might need to.
           | 
           | Kids today have no concept of how heavy workstations, TVs or
           | monitors used to be, and they think it's exaggeration. Let
           | alone tools, cars, appliances etc.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Cars haven't gotten any lighter. Rather the reverse.
             | Battery packs are quite heavy.
        
               | kenhwang wrote:
               | Even non-EVs have gotten quite a bit heavier due to the
               | inclusion of more structural safety features and creature
               | comforts.
        
               | red-iron-pine wrote:
               | arguably the biggest driver is simply the cost of oil.
               | crumple zones made of styrofoam and plastic bumpers arn't
               | making things heavy.
               | 
               | e.g. https://www.forbes.com/sites/samabuelsamid/2019/01/0
               | 3/new-ve...
        
               | kenhwang wrote:
               | That article is being disingenuous and wrong. It's
               | comparing the lightest possible Civic configuration with
               | the heaviest possible Accord of a different body type.
               | 
               | The 2000 Accord sedan is 2,712lbs, not 2,987lbs (which
               | would be the wagon).
               | 
               | The 2019 Civic sedan is 2,743-2,923lbs depending on
               | equipment/trim.
               | 
               | So yes, the Civic compared to an older car of similar
               | size _did_ get heavier.
               | 
               | The Miata proves that cars don't have to be heavier, but
               | the Miata also took advantage of much more aluminum
               | compared to the older models. Maybe mainstream cars
               | should also switch to use more aluminum to keep weight
               | down, and you're right that the reason they don't is
               | because oil is cheap enough where weight isn't a priority
               | enough to use more expensive aluminum instead of steel.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > That article is being disingenuous and wrong. It's
               | comparing the lightest possible Civic configuration with
               | the heaviest possible Accord of a different body type.
               | 
               | Good to know.
               | 
               | > So yes, the Civic compared to an older car of similar
               | size did get heavier.
               | 
               | If the minimum is 1% heavier and the maximum is 2%
               | lighter then I would not say " _did_ get heavier ".
        
               | kenhwang wrote:
               | You can only make the argument that the Civic is "2%
               | lighter" when it is being compared to a wagon; apples to
               | oranges comparison that invalidates the whole comparison.
               | 
               | They picked that specific year Accord because it's the
               | same size as a sedan as that specific year Civic sedan,
               | so it makes no sense to then compare the weight to the
               | much larger Accord wagon variant. You might as well
               | compare the sedan to a crossover to argue that the sedan
               | didn't get heavier.
               | 
               | The range is 1% heavier to 7% heavier comparing the sedan
               | to the sedan. Both ends of the range are heavier, so "did
               | get heavier" is an accurate statement.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Okay I misread you then, but you're saying the 2000
               | Accord sedan only has one weight, while the Civic has a
               | several percent range? If that's right then do we know
               | which Civic trim is equivalent to the Accord?
               | 
               | If we know that trim is worth _at least_ 6%, and we don
               | 't know how to align the cars, then the confidence
               | interval around "1% to 7%" extends far enough to overlap
               | some negative percents.
        
               | pseudosavant wrote:
               | A 2000 Honda Accord and a 2019 Honda Civic have nearly
               | identical dimensions. Car models generally get bigger
               | with each generation over time.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | Another thing not mentioned by this poor article
               | (everything forbes does these days is hot garbage), is
               | that vehicles which are heavier do damage quartically
               | proportional to their weight -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_power_law
               | 
               | So the ever increasing weight of cars, trucks, SUVs, and
               | especially semi-trucks is also responsible for our roads
               | being shit, full of potholes, and expensive to fix.
        
               | avn2109 wrote:
               | Surely they do damage proportional to the fourth power
               | _of the contact pressure_ on the tire contact patch, not
               | the fourth power of the overall vehicle weight, right? So
               | adding axles or wider tires etc mitigates this.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Exactly because of the fourth power low, almost all of
               | the road damage comes from the heaviest vehicles: class 7
               | and 8 trucks as well as buses etc. Even the heaviest
               | passenger vehicles are negligible by comparison. And the
               | weight of semi-trucks hasn't been "ever increasing":
               | normal maximum weight has been fixed at 80,000 pounds for
               | decades.
               | 
               | In some areas the roads are shit due to weather
               | conditions, mainly frost heaves. This has little to do
               | with vehicle damage.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | It's also due to the size of the vehicles that are
               | popular today. SUVs and pickup trucks(used as family
               | vehicles).
               | 
               | However the increase has also been offset with weight
               | savings in other places.
               | 
               | - The use of aluminum in suspension components and body
               | panels
               | 
               | - Long ago the move to unibody over body on frame for
               | small cars
               | 
               | - smaller engines, V8s weigh more than an inline 4
               | cylinder and require heavier suspension components.
               | 
               | For example a 1989 Lamborghini Countach 25th weighs
               | around 3200lbs which is slightly heavier than a 2022 VW
               | Golf GTI (3150~)
               | 
               | I see comments that blame safety technology (electronic
               | components) for increasing the weight of a car but a
               | blind spot monitoring system probably weighs less than
               | 5lbs. A rear camera is also around that.
               | 
               | Structural safety and airbags do add to a cars weight but
               | these changes have made cars extremely safe.
        
               | fidotron wrote:
               | Almost like changing the energy source causes a step
               | change in energy optimization priorities . . .
        
             | minkeymaniac wrote:
             | Yes.. try moving that 36 inch Sony Trinitron from the car
             | inside the house.. weighs 200 pounds+ IIRC....you need at
             | least 2 strong people
        
               | dunham wrote:
               | I remember the Sun monitors (21" I think) were about 80
               | lbs. I've read that part of that was a metal frame to
               | hold all of the wires in front of the screen.
               | 
               | They were fun monitors - we had a lab full of them, they
               | would degauss on startup, and the degausser would induct
               | into the monitor next to it (and a little bit into the
               | monitor after that).
        
               | jeffreygoesto wrote:
               | Right. Bought two out of a University lab and lived in an
               | apartment six stories high with only stairs. Moved out
               | those monitors even and they were more difficult to get
               | down than the couch...
               | 
               | Don't let me get started about fixed frequency, X11
               | modeline guessing (wrong of course) and needing a second
               | monitor to even get back to the original config.
        
               | mikewarot wrote:
               | The weight from a CRT is mostly about the amount of glass
               | required to keep the atmosphere out, as it's essentially
               | a vacuum bottle with better marketing. On that 21"
               | display, you've got about 6000 pounds of force trying to
               | push the face inward, not to mention the sides, neck,
               | etc.
        
               | dunham wrote:
               | Yeah, these monitors were a bit heavier than most
               | consumer 21" monitors at the time. We also got Viewsonic
               | monitors for PCs, which were lighter. At the time, I had
               | assumed the additional weight was from extra shielding,
               | but I later read that some of the weight difference was a
               | metal frame holding the wires. The trinitron had a bunch
               | of vertical wires instead of a grid of holes on the front
               | - If I remember right, they'd shimmer a little if you
               | smacked the side of the monitor with your hand.
               | 
               | It's possible they also had more glass than typical for a
               | 21" monitor, I don't recall if they were any flatter than
               | the Viewsonics or not.
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | I don't know where I fit on that spectrum, my first thought
           | was there's probably nobody around anymore to replace these
           | fifty year old tools, and/or they'll price it at a level that
           | would wipe all profits for the next 10 years when replacement
           | will be needed.
           | 
           | Our field also have these IBM AS/400 or older running for 30+
           | years in a server room at the back of an office floor. They
           | are more feared than revered.
        
           | dijit wrote:
           | To be fair, a lot of the tools _we use as developers_ have
           | 30-40 year heritage 's themselves. The things that most
           | people depend on and are in the background.
        
             | __loam wrote:
             | Relational databases are from the 70's
        
           | ACCount37 wrote:
           | My first thought is: "when that wears out or fails what the
           | fuck are you replacing it with".
        
             | rglover wrote:
             | A shockingly rare question to be asked. As best as I can
             | tell, the biggest threat to civilization isn't AI, it's our
             | culture of "that's not my problem" leaving otherwise patch-
             | able holes in critical systems.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | The biggest threat to civilization is, in fact, AI. It's
               | a new problem, and one with an utterly ridiculous
               | lethality at its limit. It makes the atomic bomb look
               | benign.
               | 
               | "That's not my problem" is something humans have been
               | dealing with since before they mastered the art of
               | sharpening a stick.
        
               | myko wrote:
               | I've seen this sentiment shared before and I just don't
               | get it. What is the logical progression of "AI" to "more
               | dangerous than the atomic bomb"?
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Humans are dominating the environment by hopelessly
               | outsmarting everything in it. Applied intelligence is
               | _extremely powerful_.
               | 
               | Humans, however, are not immune to being hopelessly
               | outsmarted themselves.
               | 
               | And what are we doing with AI now? We're trying to build
               | systems that can do what human intelligence does - but
               | cheaper, faster and more scalable. Multiple frontier labs
               | have "AGI" - a complete system that matches or exceeds
               | human performance in any given domain - as an explicitly
               | stated goal. And the capabilities of the frontier systems
               | keep advancing.
               | 
               | If AGI actually lands, it's already going to be a
               | disruption of everything. Already a "humankind may render
               | itself irrelevant" kind of situation. But at the very
               | limit - if ASI follows?
               | 
               | Don't think "a very smart human". Think "Manhattan
               | Project and CIA and Berkshire Hathaway, combined, raised
               | to a level of competence you didn't think possible, and
               | working 50 times faster than human institutions could".
               | If an ASI wants power, it will get power. Whatever an ASI
               | wants to happen will happen.
               | 
               | And if humanity isn't a part of what it wants? 10 digit
               | death toll.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | This hierarchy-of-intelligence concept is meaningless.
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | You might as well have said "intelligence is
               | meaningless". Obviously false.
        
               | card_zero wrote:
               | No, I might not as well have said that. Let me ask you
               | this: _huh?_
        
               | GolfPopper wrote:
               | Even if LLMs don't become AGI (and I don't think they
               | will), LLMs are potentially superb disinformation
               | generators able to operate at massive scale. Modern
               | society was already having difficulty holding onto
               | consensus reality. "AI" may be able to break it.
               | 
               | Don't think "smart human". Think about a few trillion
               | scam artists who cannot be distinguished from a real
               | person except by face to face conversation.
               | 
               | Your every avenue of modern communication and information
               | being innundate by note-perfect 419 scams, forever.
        
               | myrmidon wrote:
               | The logical progression to me is AI acting in its own
               | interests, and outcompeting humans much like humans
               | outcompeted every other animal on the planet.
               | 
               | This is particularly threatening because AI is much less
               | constrained on size, energy and training bandwidth than a
               | human; should it overtake us in cognitive capabilities
               | within the next century, I don't see a feasible way for
               | us to keep up.
               | 
               | You might argue that AI has no good way to act on the
               | physical world right now, or that the current state of
               | the art is pathetic compared to humans, but a _lot_ of
               | progress can happen in a decade or two, and the writing
               | is on the wall.
               | 
               | Human cognitive capability was basically brute-forced by
               | evolution; I think it is almost naive to assume that our
               | evolved capabilities will be able to keep up with
               | purpose-build hardware over the long run (personally, I'd
               | expect better-than-human AGI before 2050 with pretty high
               | confidence).
        
               | bogdanoff_2 wrote:
               | > "That's not my problem" is something humans have been
               | dealing with since before they mastered the art of
               | sharpening a stick.
               | 
               | Yes, and that's why civilizations have kept rising and
               | falling throughout history.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | Nah, it's global warming.
               | 
               | Because fossil fuel is stupid useful and there's no way
               | we're going to stop burning it. And then we get to the
               | climate scenarios that aren't compatible with our current
               | sophisticated civilization, even with the currently
               | accepted climate science (that always seems to
               | underestimate what actually happens).
        
               | ACCount37 wrote:
               | Global warming just isn't harmful enough to pose a
               | credible extinction risk.
               | 
               | The damage is too limited and happens far too slowly.
               | Even the unlikely upper end projections aren't enough to
               | upend the human civilization - the harms up there at the
               | top end are "worse than WW2", but WW2 sure didn't end
               | humankind. At the same time: the ever-worsening economics
               | of fossil fuel power put a bound on climate change even
               | in a "no climate policy" world, which we are
               | outperforming.
               | 
               | It's like the COVID of global natural disasters. Harmful
               | enough to be worth taking measures against. But just
               | harmless enough that you could do absolutely nothing, and
               | get away with it.
               | 
               | The upper bound on AI risks is: total extinction of
               | humankind.
               | 
               | I fucking wish that climate change was the biggest threat
               | as far as eye can see.
        
             | ux266478 wrote:
             | You machine a new part.
        
               | schmidtleonard wrote:
               | Exactly: the new process becomes the lowest bid, new NRE
               | goes forward, and the old process finally gets to drift
               | off into the sunset. It happens all the time and people
               | (sometimes the same people) complain about that too.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | Something newer. The reason that 50-year-old machine tools
             | are still around isn't that they can't be replaced. It's
             | that there's often no reason to.
             | 
             | To use OP as an example, in a lot of places, you'll find an
             | ancient milling machine or a lathe that's dedicated to
             | running a single job a few times a year. The machine was
             | depreciated decades ago, but it can still do that job and
             | there's no reason to get rid of it.
             | 
             | What modern tools give you is speed and flexibility. Many
             | shops need neither.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | _> What modern tools give you is speed and flexibility._
               | 
               | Many of the modern tools can also be grafted onto the old
               | tools. Not just CNC conversions but the biggest
               | productivity boost when I worked in a shop was converting
               | everything to a zero point clamping system.
        
               | deanputney wrote:
               | I had not heard of zero point clamping. This video I
               | found is extremely cool, I can see how that would save a
               | lot of time and money in the shop!
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrLri_RdgK8
        
               | zevon wrote:
               | What do all these machine shops without any need for
               | modern machinery and processes actually _do_?
               | 
               | Seriously though, of course you can make a living with
               | old tools - however, even the village metal workshop
               | around here has at least one big-ass laser cutter and a
               | CNC mill next to all their old(er) lathes, mills, brakes,
               | presses and other toys. Many oldschool fabricators I
               | spoke to over the last few years are quite interested in
               | what laser welding brings/will bring to the table.
               | Basically all smaller fabrication companies I've seen
               | (the long tail of the car industry and other bigger
               | industries, mostly) are continually upgrading their
               | infrastructure with all sorts of robots and other
               | automation widgets. And so on.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | No one said that they had no need for modern machinery.
               | It's an "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" approach. If
               | you have a manufacturing process that was dialed in
               | perfectly 20 years ago, and your customer(s) is still
               | buying those parts, made on that machine, there is no
               | benefit to moving them to another machine that now has to
               | be set up just right, have the new parts coming off it
               | QC'd to make sure that they are identical to what came
               | off the old one, etc.
               | 
               | It's work that you don't need to do and that you won't
               | get paid for. If the old machine breaks, then maybe it
               | would make sense to move the job to something newer.
               | 
               | I used to work with someone whose entire business was
               | retrofitting old machine tools with modern controllers
               | when the decades-old electronics failed. You'd be amazed
               | how much of this stuff is still out there.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Sourcing via eBay.com
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | As an older folk, I perceive 50 year old tools as likely worn
           | out and in desperate need of replacement. However often
           | nobody makes the tool anymore and so we are willing to spend
           | a lot to maintain them instead. (I drive a 25 year old car -
           | this is only possible because I can get a rebuilt
           | transmission, but my maintenance costs over the last 10 years
           | would have bought much newer/nicer used car, and I'm getting
           | close to where I could buy a new car)
           | 
           | The other possibility is the tool isn't used much and modern
           | accountants would never allow you to buy it in the first
           | place because of all the cash tied up. (that is the work the
           | tool did over those 50 years wasn't enough to pay for the
           | cost of the tool and the space to store it)
        
             | technothrasher wrote:
             | I was recently talking to the head clockmaker at the
             | Chelsea Clock Company, one of the very few, if not the
             | only, remaining original New England clock companies still
             | operating. He showed me some pictures of clock making tools
             | being used during WWII, and then the very same tools in
             | perfect shape still being used today. He also had one tool
             | that dated back to when they were the Boston Clock Company
             | (circa 1894) that was still in active use. In this new
             | world of disposable tools, it was pretty neat to see.
        
           | hyperbovine wrote:
           | > What I perceive as younger people are horrified at the idea
           | of fifty year old tools
           | 
           | My students are shocked (horrified?) to learn that they're
           | basically running 50-yr old Fortran code when they use
           | scipy.minimize to train their fancy little neural nets.
        
             | giancarlostoro wrote:
             | I always chuckle at how Python became the dominant language
             | for AI / ML / data science etc but wonder why it is that
             | Fortran and Python became the golden combo, it could have
             | been done with any other language, no complaints, I love
             | Python, but its just amusing to me.
        
               | 7thaccount wrote:
               | It's really just that it's a pretty easy language to
               | learn that finds a good balance between structure and
               | brevity. It has very good support for the data structures
               | you need and libraries for everything. A lot of people
               | love the language and that built up a lot of momentum and
               | eventually people started adding stuff like numpy and
               | scipy and pandas and before long you had this giant
               | scientific computing environment that almost anyone can
               | get into.
               | 
               | I tried out most of the scripting languages out there
               | (Ruby, Perl, Tcl, Groovy, R, and many more) and Python
               | just seemed to click more and it has a whole lot less to
               | worry about upfront than languages like C# and Java. In
               | comparison to languages like C and C++, it's a godsend
               | for those with typical automation needs.
               | 
               | In my eyes it seems like a pretty straightforward
               | development. There have been plenty of other tools that
               | may have made sense throughout history too. Matlab could
               | have done this, but by that time nobody was going to
               | build out massive libraries for something expensive and
               | partly closed off.
        
               | giancarlostoro wrote:
               | Python is one of my all time favorites, it is quirky, but
               | nowhere near as quirky as JavaScript.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | For Fortran, I have the concept of 'immortal code' - code
               | that is generally hard to write, is compatible with
               | everything, and implements an algorithm in a way that's
               | impossible to improve on - or at least doing so would be
               | celebrated as a minor breakthrough.
               | 
               | A lot of numerical optimization code is this - it
               | conforms to a strict 'C' ABI - taking (arrays of) simple
               | floats and ints and outputting the same, so binding it to
               | another higher level language is trivial, so rewriting it
               | makes little sense. If the same algorithm were written in
               | Java, most people would not want to bring in Java as a
               | dependency for their Python/C++/whatever project, but
               | since this is just a tiny C object file, it's happily
               | integrated into everything.
               | 
               | They also tend to be very tricky to get right, I remember
               | reading a paper where the author was adamant that
               | changing the order of a multiply and an add (a
               | mathematically invariant operation) would cause the
               | algorithm to blow up due to the different scales of
               | floating point values involved causing a major loss of
               | precision. I'm sure there's tons of stories like this.
               | 
               | This is the sort of code which took PhD's who studied
               | this exact topic years to get right, even though the
               | actual code often looks unassuming, I would dread the day
               | when I was required to touch it (but I never do - since
               | it always does what it says on the tin)
        
               | __loam wrote:
               | Fortran has been a research language used by people like
               | physicists and mathematicians that know what they're
               | doing and have been developing that tool for decades and
               | Python is perfect for people who have no idea what
               | they're doing.
        
               | sharadov wrote:
               | I found R a better language for Data Science, somehow
               | Python won out.
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | NumPy was pretty early, and it hit the sweet spot for
               | science: free, fast, with a quick and dirty scripting
               | language around it.
               | 
               | Then the whole ecosystem that Python has nowadays was
               | built on NumPy, and sending data from one library to
               | another was trivial because of it.
               | 
               | That's it.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | No one uses scipy for anything serious anymore in AI
             | research or on any type of modern models.
             | 
             | You're setting your students up for failure if this is how
             | you are teaching neural networks to them. You should switch
             | to pytorch or at least something like tensorflow or jax or
             | you are actively doing intellectual disservice to them and
             | leading them to be actively noncompetitive both in AI
             | academic paper writing/grad school and in the job market.
             | 
             | Similarly, use of sklearn considered harmful in a world
             | where CuML/CuPY/Nvidia RAPIDS exists.
             | 
             | And also, knowledge of conda/pip/poetry considered harmful
             | in a world where UV exists.
             | 
             | Teach MODERN tools please.
        
               | fifilura wrote:
               | Oh my. Teach something that lasts please.
               | 
               | In 2030, pytorch and uv will be so 2025.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | It sounds like a fundamental education failure and/or an
               | extreme failure of tool design and training in workplaces
               | if new employees with relevant degrees don't have the
               | basic knowledge to pick up new tools on the job. A
               | liberal arts education is for teaching basic
               | transferrable skills, and is not a narrowly tailored job
               | training program.
        
           | giancarlostoro wrote:
           | > There is a really interesting generation gap issue in the
           | replies to your comment. What I perceive as younger people
           | are horrified at the idea of fifty year old tools while the
           | older folks are thinking (I imagine) "if the tools have
           | lasted that long they must be well-honed and very good".
           | 
           | It's like when someone wants to choose a brand new web
           | framework that isn't battle tested over one of the most
           | battle tested web frameworks. You can hire way more
           | developers with battle tested tooling, than some bleeding
           | edge thing you don't know if it can even scale.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > You can hire way more developers with battle tested
             | tooling, than some bleeding edge thing you don't know if it
             | can even scale.
             | 
             | There's a crucial difference!
             | 
             | You can hire expensive developers on battle tested
             | tooling... or you can hire a shit ton of juniors that want
             | to work on $BUZZWORD for cheap in exchange for the CV creds
             | of "worked on $BUZZWORD".
             | 
             | Resume Driven Development...
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | This is known as the Lindy Effect.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect
        
           | yxhuvud wrote:
           | I rather think of the maintenance nightmare. You can't change
           | anything - not cause the existing system is good but because
           | there are no people left that understand the whole thing.
           | 
           | But then I've got a few years to reach 50. Perhaps my views
           | will change.
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | This happens in tech as well. It's called COBOL and it
             | refuses to go away, despite lots of people's best efforts.
        
             | loire280 wrote:
             | Every software company I've worked at that is more than 5
             | years old had major features that nobody understood
             | anymore, even features that were core to the product.
        
             | mikewarot wrote:
             | The gear cutting machines almost never had mechanical
             | failures. As long as they keep them lubricated, and
             | occasionally muck out the sumps, the machines should still
             | be going in the year 2100.
             | 
             | The other thing about gear cutting is that hobs only cut
             | one size/profile of tooth. Some of the cutting tools I was
             | using dated from before WW1, for odd sizes that didn't get
             | used much.
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | Yeah I have students who ask me "Why are we learning C++? My
           | dad said it's older than him!"
        
             | mikewarot wrote:
             | Ask that question in language arts, and you'll get some
             | very weird looks.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | That's pretty much what I told the student, along with
               | "everything you're studying in every other class is also
               | older than your dad, and that's why you study it."
        
           | Fergusonb wrote:
           | Roller coaster tycoon is good.
           | 
           | The business software I have to work with from the 80s is a
           | straight up nightmare. And I'd say most old software is in
           | this camp.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Well, most new software is a nightmare too. And recently a
             | lot of it started to try to do the wrong thing by design,
             | what's an extra step into nightmare scenario beyond
             | anything from 80s.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | The thing is, those 50 yr old machine tools might be still
           | good, but the more recent CNC machines are much more
           | efficient, and require way less manual dexterity to use (say,
           | compared to a lathe).
           | 
           | This is the whole idea of industrialization - moving away
           | from having skilled artisans, into machines that encode the
           | skill to reproduce the article.
           | 
           | The fact that machines that are 50 yrs old are still in
           | operation is quite a feat but also an indication that the
           | production methods remained static (of course, if the
           | production machines are good enough already, then investment
           | into new machines don't bring in new profits).
        
             | wslh wrote:
             | I think it is not always about an age gap. A friend has a
             | distribution company with many trucks and many times they
             | need to use a manual machine, and soldering for fixing
             | truck issues.
        
             | MisterTea wrote:
             | As someone who grew up in a machine and wood working shop
             | and now builds, repairs and retrofits machinery, I can say
             | that 50 years old is nothing and absolutely fine.
             | 
             | > The thing is, those 50 yr old machine tools might be
             | still good, but the more recent CNC machines are much more
             | efficient, and require way less manual dexterity to use
             | (say, compared to a lathe).
             | 
             | I assume you are referring to manual operated machinery vs
             | CNC machinery? Otherwise there is little to no efficiency
             | gained from a new CNC machine. I've run both and the setup
             | of a CNC for simple jobs that can be done on a manual isn't
             | worth the effort. CNC's really shine at high production and
             | very complex parts.
             | 
             | > The fact that machines that are 50 yrs old are still in
             | operation is quite a feat but also an indication that the
             | production methods remained static
             | 
             | If the requirements haven't changed, e.g. machining flanges
             | that meet ASME B16.5, and the production methods are
             | already optimized, why even bring this up?
             | 
             | > (of course, if the production machines are good enough
             | already, then investment into new machines don't bring in
             | new profits).
             | 
             | Right. If the specs didn't change then why bother investing
             | in pointless upgrades?
             | 
             | The ONLY reason companies toss out machinery: it's no
             | longer useful to the company, or so hopelessly broken that
             | it cant be fixed. And there is very little that can render
             | a machine scrap unless something catastrophic happened. And
             | there is very little preventing old machinery from being
             | retrofitted with new controls.
        
           | micro_cam wrote:
           | People here also don't understand machine shops.
           | 
           | My dad ran a job shop focused on small jobs and the economics
           | are different.
           | 
           | A lot of his work was keeping other local shops / industrial
           | equipment up and running. So there is a lot of variety of
           | work but very low throughput and kind of by deffintion you
           | have the capabilities to fix your own machines.
           | 
           | Programing a CNC machine makes it east to make a lot of the
           | same part but if you only need one it may be quicker to just
           | knock it out manually.
           | 
           | A 50 year old mill or lathe is easy to keep up and running,
           | can be upgraded with a Digital readout or even CNC controls
           | if desired. A tool in a shop like this likely won't see the
           | cycles one on a factory floor constant uses sees but may be
           | worth keeping around since it offers a unique capability...he
           | had a large ww ii surplus lathe for jobs that wouldn't fit on
           | the smaller more modern machines for example.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Less interested in America's expensive and slow manufacturing
           | than in Chinese processes. They can retool faster, handle far
           | more volume, and except for specialized industries (medicine,
           | aerospace) their quality is better.
        
             | _DeadFred_ wrote:
             | How old are you? Do you not understand business cycles?
             | Life cycles? 'Baggie pants are the future, anyone wearing
             | tired out old non-baggy pants, it's over grandpa, for we
             | have, for the first time, discovered baggie pants are cool
             | and modern'
             | 
             | It's all fun and games when everything (your trains, your
             | new bridges, your manufacturing process) is the brand new
             | cool version. I went through that cycle (starting family,
             | brand new house, new cars, new boat, high paying tech job
             | working on early 2000s cutting edge tech). Our house was
             | the cool house for a bit. Then is was just another house.
             | Then is became a burden with maintenance expenses on top of
             | the mortgage. I became a grey beard with legacy tech
             | skills.
             | 
             | For China, what happens when things settle more? The market
             | flushes out half the companies making the tools (there's
             | tons of companies during the 'fill out' cycle, but at some
             | point that slows/industry consolidates), or new product
             | lines replace the old, now your factory is on borrowed time
             | until the machines break down, you aren't the new hyped
             | cool kid (I'm talking about you USA as a country/Ruby on
             | Rail devs/Angular devs). Like with a new home, slowly your
             | mortgage gets supplemented with appliance repair bills and
             | other maintenance, what was cool and new is outdated and
             | replaced with 'better'. China is doing good with robots,
             | but what happens next gen when roboto/AI interaction is
             | native built in. Does China scrap their entire 2025 robot
             | infra and replace it with 2030s? Or does someone else gain
             | the advantage of not having those 'legacy' slower to
             | retool, slower volume Chinese 2025 robots/infra?
             | 
             | It's wild how smart people don't seem to understand basic
             | cycles anymore. China is in a growth cycle and everyone is
             | going to their 'new home party' and saying man this is all
             | great (it is awesome. It is amazing how China went from
             | poverty to current success, so many improved lives I love
             | it) and we are acting like this is the first time someone
             | bought a new home ever and the home will always be perfect
             | and new and cutting edge.
             | 
             | Let's just celebrate that so much poverty and suffering has
             | been eliminated in China, and wish them well and continued
             | improvements especially as they transition from the
             | generations that suffered to their newer generations
             | without all that trama. That is also tricky to navigate for
             | a society as life expectations become wildly different.
        
           | badc0ffee wrote:
           | I'm a nearly 50 year old tool myself.
        
         | egberts1 wrote:
         | They can stop using the screwdriver, wrench, and hammer and see
         | how far they can get.
         | 
         | Or keep changing those tools to better fit the job.
         | 
         | Progress continues with continual process improvements.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > The rush to fill brand new high energy intensive data centers
         | with hardware that has commercially useful lifetimes measured
         | in months (instead of decades for machine tools) seems quite
         | short sighted to me.
         | 
         | There's a sort of collective ADHD where we as a culture or
         | economy collectively chase the latest shiny bauble in the hopes
         | of getting rich without having to expend any effort. It often
         | ends badly for the economy and then we go through a phase where
         | we collectively are forced to slow down and reflect on our
         | mistakes vowing not to repeat them... only to do so a decade or
         | two later. The older you get, the more you notice this pattern.
         | We did it in 2000 with the dotcom implosion and then again in
         | 08 with housing and shady mortgages. This time it's
         | overbuilding AI; putting way too much capital into
         | infrastructure that has short useful lifetime.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | Arguably this boom bust cycle is more of a intentional
           | feature than a bug. Thanks to the cycle private actors are
           | able and to capture the benefits of the boom, but when the
           | bill is due the downside falls on the general public or
           | taxpayers at large, basically Ersatz Capitalism or Lemon
           | Socialism. 08 is the clearest example but they're all
           | generally fueled by credit cycles creating exuberance.
           | 
           | There's also a element of lost collective memory via
           | generational change providing a new supply of optimists.
        
         | dcchambers wrote:
         | > The rush to fill brand new high energy intensive data centers
         | with hardware that has commercially useful lifetimes measured
         | in months (instead of decades for machine tools) seems quite
         | short sighted to me.
         | 
         | The only way "number goes up" capitalism continues to work is
         | with planned obsolescence and things that need to be replaced
         | regularly. This is a feature of the system, not a flaw. Nvidia
         | (and all of their investors) love the fact that the stuff they
         | make now will be outdated or broken in a few years.
         | 
         | If things last forever and never need to be replaced the only
         | way to continue to increase profits is to have more people
         | buying them. And global population appears to be peaking, at
         | least in western countries, so that's not going to happen.
         | 
         | Is it sustainable? Probably not. But everyone seems to have
         | their heads buried in the sand at the obvious dangers of what
         | we're running into.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | Nothing has changed, people behave the exact same way then or
         | now. People value longevity and quality only when the
         | innovation pace is slow.
         | 
         | Rapid innovation by definition comes with rapid changes. Rapid
         | changes does not always mean it is planned obsolescence or just
         | poor quality.
         | 
         | In 1975( 50 years ago when the tooling you cite was built),
         | nobody would want to fly in 20 year or 10 year old aircraft,
         | today we don't care how old the air-frame we fly are.
         | 
         | The best recent example is Smartphones, early 2010s everyone
         | updated their phones almost every year standing around the
         | block on release. Today it is maybe once 3-4 years, there is
         | very little reason to. The incremental changes are not
         | meaningful and devices have become lot more reliable and rugged
         | and of course expensive.
         | 
         | We do value quality if features are not going to improve much.
        
           | walkabout wrote:
           | > In 1975( 50 years ago when the tooling you cite was built),
           | nobody would want to fly in 20 year or 10 year old aircraft,
           | today we don't care how old the air-frame we fly are.
           | 
           | Given the DC-3 is still(!) in service, and there were surely
           | a ton more of them flying in 1975 than today, I'm not sure
           | that's true. And that's far from the only example of a more-
           | than-10-years-old-in-1975 aircraft that was certainly still
           | in wide use in 1975.
           | 
           | Any big shift around then was probably because of the
           | development of high-bypass turbofan jet engines. Not so much
           | driven by "old airframes seem risky" as "pre-high-bypass jet
           | engines are enough more-expensive to operate that airlines
           | will abandon them rapidly". Those engines went into wide use
           | in the 1970s (developed in the '60s). We (demonstrably) had
           | "reliable, long-lived airframe" figured out by the '30s, with
           | some refinement through the '40s but nothing that rendered
           | those '30s models necessarily obsolete (see again: the DC-3,
           | a 1936 design). More-efficient subsonic jet engines were what
           | caused turn-over in a certain segment of the market in the
           | '70s, not so much "I won't trust an old airframe".
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | DC-3 was an exception[0]
             | 
             | The point was not on any specific technical or economic
             | factor. It was to illustrate that rapid evolution in
             | comfort, or speed and also safety[1] means people will
             | prefer adoption of newer tech quickly and not be concerned
             | about longevity and actively devalue slightly older
             | products.
             | 
             | When the improvements start becoming marginal only then
             | longevity start to matter. The planes developed from 90s to
             | now have lot to offer operators but not much new[2] to
             | passengers, we are still designing(not just operating) new
             | 737 variants after all. Most people cannot tell the age of
             | the plane if the cabin has been refreshed.
             | 
             | This preference for newer generation of tools has little to
             | do with previous generations having different values as
             | nostalgically some like to ascribe to, but simply to
             | technology maturity was my point.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | [0] As impressive the 100 year history and the longevity of
             | a pre-war design has been. We have to keep in mind the
             | dynamics of unpressurized plane operating at less than 300
             | knots with a service ceiling of less than 25,000 feet is
             | hardly comparable to that of any modern passenger aircraft
             | cruising at 0.90+ mach for 12-15+ hours daily at 37,000
             | feet going through tens of thousands pressurization cycles.
             | 
             | [1] Airframes perhaps were not a popular safety concern
             | directly, pressurized and reduced noise in cabins were
             | major selling points.
             | 
             | Air safety regulations were famously said to be written in
             | blood. It is undeniable that was massive drop in fatalities
             | in 80-90s from 60-70s after safety became concern and
             | everyone held both operators and manufacturers accountable.
             | 
             | [2] Improved range or better engine reliability that meant
             | we can do longer ETOS on twin engine etc do benefit
             | passengers indirectly.
        
         | EliRivers wrote:
         | _Changing anything was a dangerous thing to do, because you
         | might cause jobs that have known and reliable setups_
         | 
         | I am reminded of some of the very finest semiconductor plants.
         | Where parts could in theory be swapped out and replaced, but to
         | do so would break everything. Mirrors aligned to sub-nanometre
         | precision. Lasers and optics where picoseconds matter. Where
         | parts are effectively custom-tuned for _this_ machine only,
         | allied with all these other parts also custom-tuned for _this_
         | machine only. The US has a challenge on its hands to develop
         | within the US everything and everyone needed to simply getting
         | these systems actually working.
        
       | classified wrote:
       | And AI does not create anything, compared to factories.
        
       | atleastoptimal wrote:
       | Whoever gets AGI first owns the future though, any GDP put into
       | manufacturing not essential to that goal is a geopolitical
       | opportunity cost
        
         | rhubarbtree wrote:
         | Why is that the case?
         | 
         | If a company gets to AGI a month later, why does that matter so
         | much?
         | 
         | We're not talking super intelligence here, just human level
         | intelligence.
         | 
         | OpenAI was first to ChatGPT yet other companies are still in
         | the game.
        
           | atleastoptimal wrote:
           | My argument is based on
           | 
           | 1. The first company to get AGI will likely have a multitude
           | of high-leverage problems it would immediately put AGI to
           | task on
           | 
           | 2. One of those problems is simply improving itself. Another
           | is securing that company's lead over its competitors (by
           | basically helping every employee at that company do better at
           | their job)
           | 
           | 3. The company that reaches AGI for a language-style model
           | will likely do so due to a mix of architectural tricks that
           | can be applied to any general-purpose model, including chip
           | design, tactical intelligence, persuasion, beating the stock
           | market, etc
        
             | thundoe wrote:
             | Unless AGI includes a speed requirement, AGI is not
             | sufficient to win the market. Take any genius in human
             | history, the impact they had has been hugely limited by
             | their lifespan, they didn't solve every problem, and each
             | discovery took them decades. The first AGIs will be the
             | same, hyper slow for a while, giving competitors a chance
             | to copy and stay in the race
        
             | mkl wrote:
             | All of that stuff takes time and resources. Self-
             | improvement may not be easy, e.g. if they end up in a local
             | maximum that doesn't extend, and it probably won't be cheap
             | or fast (if it's anything like frontier LLMs it could be
             | months of computation on enormous numbers of cutting-edge
             | devices, costing hundreds of millions or billions, or it
             | may not even be possible without inventing and mass-
             | manufacturing better hardware). Another company achieving a
             | slightly different form of AGI within a few years will
             | probably be at least competitive, and if they have more
             | resources or a better design they could overtake.
        
             | ahoka wrote:
             | These companies already have access to the best meat-brains
             | in the world and what tasks do they work on? Advertisement
             | mostly?
        
             | jimbohn wrote:
             | The AGI argument assumes there is a 0 -> 1 moment where the
             | model suddenly becomes "AGI" and starts performing
             | miraculous tasks, accompanied by recursive self-
             | improvement. So far, our experience shows that we are
             | getting incremental improvements over time from different
             | companies.
             | 
             | These things are being commoditized, and we are still at
             | the start of the curve when it comes to hardware, data
             | centers, etc.
             | 
             | Arguing for an all-in civilization/country bet on AGI given
             | this premise, is either foolish or a sign that you are
             | selling "AGI"
        
             | rhubarbtree wrote:
             | Wait, but why would an AGI be better at improving itself
             | compared to an AI researcher doing it?
             | 
             | AGI is not super intelligence.
        
           | YetAnotherNick wrote:
           | The argument is something like AGI or its owner wouldn't want
           | other AGIs to exist. So it would destroy the capabilities of
           | other AGI before it could evolve(by things like hacking,
           | manipulation etc.).
        
             | buellerbueller wrote:
             | Oh, so the goal is to create an insane and predatory piece
             | of software that is out of the control of its creators?
             | Sounds wonderful.
        
         | agubelu wrote:
         | Even assuming that's the case, everyone's acting like throwing
         | more GPUs at the problem is somehow gonna get them to AGI
        
           | atleastoptimal wrote:
           | Far more is being done than simply throwing more GPU's at the
           | problem.
           | 
           | GPT-5 required less compute to train than GPT-4.5. Data, RL,
           | architectural improvements, etc. all contribute to the rate
           | of improvement we're seeing now.
        
             | 4gotunameagain wrote:
             | The very idea that AGI will arise from LLMs is ridiculous
             | at best.
             | 
             | Computer science hubris at its finest.
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | Why is it ridiculous that an LLM or a system similar to
               | or built off of an LLM could reach AGI?
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | Because LLMs are just stochastic parrots and don't do any
               | thinking.
        
               | atleastoptimal wrote:
               | Humans who repeatedly deny LLM capabilities despite the
               | numerous milestones they've surpassed seem more like
               | stochastic parrots.
               | 
               | The same arguments are always brought up, often short
               | pithy one-liners without much clarification. It seems
               | silly that despite this argument first emerging when
               | LLM's could barely write functional code, now that LLM's
               | have reached gold-medal performance on the IMO, it is
               | still being made with little interrogation into its
               | potential faults, or clarification on the precise
               | boundary of intelligence LLM's will never be able to
               | cross.
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | Which novel idea have LLMs brought forward so far?
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | Call me back when LLMs stop "hallucinating" constantly.
        
               | leptons wrote:
               | If AGI is built from LLMs, how could we trust it? It's
               | going to "hallucinate", so I'm not sure that this AGI
               | future people are clamoring for is going to really be all
               | that good if it is built on LLMs.
        
               | 4gotunameagain wrote:
               | Because intelligence is so much more than stochastically
               | repeating stuff you've been trained on.
               | 
               | It needs to learn new information, create novel
               | connections, be creative.. We are utterly clueless as to
               | how the brain works and how intelligence is created.
               | 
               | We just took one cell, a neuron, made the simplest
               | possible model of it, made some copies of it and you
               | think it will suddenly spark into life by throwing GPUs
               | at it ?
        
         | alsetmusic wrote:
         | We have an AI promoter here. AGI isn't the future of anything
         | right now. It could be. But so could a lot of things, like
         | vaccine research (we're making promising development on HIV and
         | cancer). Try saying those people would own the future in the
         | 1980s-1990s. Sure, that'd be an obvious outcome, but it wasn't
         | on the horizon for the people in the field at the time (unless
         | your family owned the company).
        
           | atleastoptimal wrote:
           | Even if you could cure cancer or HIV with a vaccine it would
           | have a relatively negligible impact compared to AGI.
           | 
           | There are far more signals that AGI is going to be achieved
           | by OpenAI, Anthropic, DeepMind or X.ai within the next 5-10
           | years than there were of any other hyped breakthrough in the
           | past 100 years that ultimately never came to fruition.
           | Doesn't mean it's guaranteed to happen, but to ignore the
           | multitude of trends which show no signs of stopping, it seems
           | naive in Anno Domani 2025 to discount it as a likely
           | possibility.
        
             | dax_ wrote:
             | It's just as possible that they need to invest more and
             | more for negligible improvements to model performance.
             | These companies are burning through money at an astonishing
             | rate.
             | 
             | And as the internet deteriorates due to AI slop, finding
             | good training material will become increasingly difficult.
             | It's already happening that incorrect AI generated
             | information is being cited as source for new AI answers.
        
             | lm28469 wrote:
             | > There are far more signals that AGI is going to be
             | achieved by OpenAI, Anthropic, DeepMind or X.ai within the
             | next 5-10 years
             | 
             | So agi before autonomous tesla? "Just two more years guys I
             | promise", how can people keep falling for these lol
        
             | peterdsharpe wrote:
             | There is a beautiful irony in your misspelling of Anno
             | Domini as Anno Domani, for the Italian speakers in the
             | room.
        
         | saubeidl wrote:
         | There is no proof "AGI" is a real thing. Any GDP put towards
         | that goal is a huge gamble and the US is all-in, with
         | potentially ruinous results.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | It really shows how desperate some people are, sacrificing
         | everything, present and future, in the quest of a digital god
         | that might not even exist.
        
         | theevilsharpie wrote:
         | I have seen no credible explanation on how current or proposed
         | technology can possibly achieve AGI.
         | 
         | If you want to hand-wave that away by stating that any company
         | with technology capable of achieving AGI would guard it as the
         | most valuable trade secret in history, then fine. Even if we
         | assume that AGI-capable technology exists in secret somewhere,
         | I've seen no credible explanation from any organization on how
         | they plan to control an AGI and reliably convince it to produce
         | useful work (rather than the AGI just turning into a real-life
         | SHODAN). An uncontrollable AGI would be, _at best_ ,
         | functionally useless.
         | 
         | AGI is --- and for the foreseeable future, will continue to be
         | --- science fiction.
        
         | buellerbueller wrote:
         | Whoever gets AGI first will just be another biobattery to power
         | the matrix.
        
         | buellerbueller wrote:
         | Thats a nice assertion, but do you have any facts?
        
       | saubeidl wrote:
       | The US is committing economic suicide, based on a misguided
       | belief in something that'll never happen.
       | 
       | The new superpowers will be the EU, which was smart enough not to
       | make the same gamble, and China, which will structurally survive
       | it.
        
         | nxm wrote:
         | EU regs will ensure that never happens
        
           | saubeidl wrote:
           | EU regs will ensure that happens. They are a power projection
           | tool. We've bent Apple to our will, we've made the whole
           | world follow GDPR.
        
             | beeflet wrote:
             | The world will bow down to mandatory cookie banners
        
               | saubeidl wrote:
               | Cookie banners are ePrivacy directive, not GDPR. GDPR is
               | a lot more.
               | 
               | See here for all the rights it grants you:
               | https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-topic/data-
               | protection/i...
        
         | t1E9mE7JTRjf wrote:
         | zero growth in the eu in 2 decades, meanwhile the US powered on
         | ahead. I'm all for optimism, but only realism matters.
         | Hopefully the US has a manufacturing revival for the sake of
         | working class folk, but that isn't so relevant to its growth
         | since services/product aren't antithetic.
        
       | gartdavis wrote:
       | Manufacturing was hard to do 2 decades ago, and is harder now.
       | 
       | I started, grew, and exited a modern manufacturing-based
       | business, and I can confirm that almost everything about modern
       | capitalism in this cycle is biased -against- any business that
       | manufactures in 1st world economies. The business, Spoonflower,
       | was and is an innovative marketplace of textile design, mated to
       | on-demand manufacture, and had factories in Durham NC and Berlin
       | Germany.
       | 
       | Three factors made this very difficult:
       | 
       | -- raising funding or debt to support old-fashioned capital
       | equipment. Building factories was once the backbone of the US
       | economy but is now pretty close to impossible for an
       | entrepreneur. Raising money to write software is straightforward
       | and well understood. Raising money to purchase industrial
       | equipment the size of a city bus is not what our startup economy
       | is optimized for, or even understands or has models for.
       | Confusion about this is nearly universal.
       | 
       | -- operating a labor-intensive (anything where the largest
       | component of cost is the labor component) manufactory. As others
       | have noted, making stuff is physically demanding. Some people
       | love hard work, but culturally this is rare. If you are crazy
       | successful, the reward is another shift of harder, potentially
       | more efficient work.
       | 
       | -- exiting investors / providing ROI. Our business fit in two
       | categories: creative digital marketplaces (Ebay, Etsy...) valued
       | at 4-6x revenue, or makers like Cimpress or Shutterfly at .5 to
       | 1x revenue. Who buys factories.... even really interesting ones?
       | The short answer: only those that already own factories. When you
       | have a very short list of potential acquisitors, its hard to
       | create an auction market for your equity.
       | 
       | In general, we did okay. But every step from launch to growth to
       | exit felt very much like swimming into a strong current. The same
       | very hard working and resourceful group of colleagues could have
       | done anything. I'm proud of the work, but a lot of that pride is
       | sheer contrariness at having executed on something so unlikely
       | and having survived.
       | 
       | This would be much harder now.
       | 
       | Sourcing is harder. Friends working in the space now rely on a
       | global sourcing network just as we did, that is in utter
       | disarray. Operating on thin margins with a factory that must be
       | fed raw materials to make money is terrifying on a normal day.
       | These days the threat to supply chains is existential.
       | 
       | Launching consumer brands is harder. As has been widely noted,
       | access to the top of the funnel has now been fully monetized (or
       | fully enshittified) by Google, Facebook etc, and because of AI,
       | that funnel now shrinks. Something will break loose here, but
       | nothing has yet.
       | 
       | A post-pandemic employment environment is even more difficult for
       | manufacturers. I think it is safe to say that demand for jobs
       | that require 8-12 hours of physically demanding work surrounded
       | by colleagues and industrial machinery is at an all time low.
       | 
       | I spent 15 years in service to a vision of domestic making, and
       | while we were not defeated, I understand deeply the uphill battle
       | any manufacturing entrepreneur faces.
        
       | shunia_huang wrote:
       | Quite the contrary to the points made in some of the comments
       | mentioning that China is far ahead in applying automation
       | tools/workflows in factories, which then shaped the competitive
       | benifits in manufacture industries.
       | 
       | No, it's not.
       | 
       | It's actually because China is lowring the requirement/quality
       | for delivery and makes everthing for the comsumer market to
       | degrade rapidly so that the manufacturers has the chance to
       | involve because of the involving needs for newer/better products.
       | 
       | It is a common sense here in China that a lot of manufactural
       | products have better quality from imported sources, it is the
       | growing needs from the comsumers that require products to have
       | newer/more functionality even if it has shorter lifetime, or
       | event 'better', the product is looking for growth so they are
       | designed to be short lifetime so the manufacturer and the
       | customer both willing to upgrade in the future.
       | 
       | Excuse my language/grammer.
        
         | constantcrying wrote:
         | Here in the west it is common sense that between products made
         | in China and in the West the main difference is that the later
         | category barely exists and if it does it comes at mostly
         | unaffordable prices.
         | 
         | If you are as far ahead in manufacturing as China is, of course
         | you can dictate the terms of competition and they want to
         | increase consumption. I have zero doubt that this is anything
         | but a deliberate choice, which could be altered by Chinese
         | manufacturers if wanted to.
         | 
         | The myth of incompetent Chinese engineering and manufacturing
         | is just that. And believing in it puts you in a dangerous
         | place, where some day some Chinese company can do everything
         | you can for half the price, which has happened again and again.
        
         | mtrovo wrote:
         | > It is a common sense here in China that a lot of manufactural
         | products have better quality from imported sources
         | 
         | Can you name a few items that you feel that way?
         | 
         | My impression as a consumer is that everything comes from China
         | nowadays, even the reliable brands. The main difference I think
         | is the time spend around product design and fine tuning the
         | manufacturer's process. Think about it, there's a reason why
         | they have to make it very visible that the product is "designed
         | with love in colorado" when all the manufacturing jobs are in
         | China.
        
         | gabrielgio wrote:
         | > It's actually because China is lowring the
         | requirement/quality for delivery and makes everthing for the
         | comsumer market to degrade rapidly so that the manufacturers
         | has the chance to involve because of the involving needs for
         | newer/better products.
         | 
         | Isn't the requirements set by the company outsourcing to China?
         | Because as far as I can tell in China you can produce with all
         | ranges of quality so it feels a bit too simplistic to blame
         | "planned obsolescence" to China alone as the whole chain
         | profits from it (besides the end-user of-course).
        
         | karel-3d wrote:
         | This feel true 15 years ago, but now _everything_ is from
         | China, both lower, mid and higher end market.
        
       | throw-10-13 wrote:
       | America will get what it deserves soon enough.
       | 
       | The AI crash will be a catalyst for general instability and chaos
       | with a fascist at the helm.
        
       | potato3732842 wrote:
       | I mean it kind of makes sense if you squint. Over the past
       | 20-40yr regulatory (often public, but also often private)
       | developments have created an insane amount of value non-producing
       | paper pushing busy work. A man who supplies bent steel troughs to
       | a company that outfits food producing factories spends infinitely
       | more time on overhead paper pushing than he did 20yr ago (pulling
       | this example out of my own friend group). What we need isn't more
       | stuff. What we need is cheaper clerical labor to cut through the
       | BS mountain we've built for ourselves enabling us to spend more
       | time doing the things that produce value.
        
       | dluan wrote:
       | My dad is an immigrant from China who came to America to learn
       | process engineering. After getting his master's, his first job
       | was at a Reynold's aluminum factory in Alabama, and his factory
       | made aluminum stuff and sometimes bottles. 40 years later, after
       | lots of career jumps, he is about to retire this month from
       | Google's AI division.
       | 
       | I don't really know what the lesson here is.
        
         | ronbenton wrote:
         | Something about adaptability? Over time lots of jobs will go
         | away--be it through obsolescence, offshoring, etc. I don't
         | think the answer is to try to get those jobs to magically come
         | back but rather to find something else.
        
         | RataNova wrote:
         | It came full circle... from process engineering in the physical
         | world to process engineering in the digital one
        
           | dluan wrote:
           | From China to America, where those original factory jobs went
           | from America to China, and maybe AI at some point is destined
           | to head there too.
           | 
           | Also, I was born in that factory town and I'm currently
           | writing this in Shanghai, where I'm trying to relocate to in
           | hopes of better career/entrepreneurial opportunities lmao.
           | The world is funny sometimes.
        
             | dron57 wrote:
             | Do you think Shanghai has better career opportunities?
        
         | the_gipsy wrote:
         | America will retire after AI?
        
       | RataNova wrote:
       | What's worrying is that this "AI gold rush" feels eerily similar
       | to past tech bubbles: lots of capital, lots of hype, and unclear
       | long-term value
        
       | syntaxing wrote:
       | I'm a software engineer now but I was a design mechanical
       | engineer for a decade. In America, mechanical engineers always
       | felt like the bottom of barrel. The pay, benefits, and authority
       | was always worse, even at the big tech companies. Culturally,
       | America wants manufacturing back but doesn't give it the respect
       | it deserves.
        
         | defraudbah wrote:
         | do you still create stuff for fun?
         | 
         | As for mechanical engineer many things that are puzzling to
         | average engineer are easy to understand / recreate by
         | mechanical engineer, especially in 3d printing era
        
           | syntaxing wrote:
           | I do a lot of small mechanical projects for fun. But
           | designing something for one or two pieces is very different
           | from designing something that is made in the hundreds or even
           | thousands.
        
         | EasyMark wrote:
         | I know several mechanical engineers who ended up in
         | semiconductor processing and they make bank. Maybe not senior
         | google coder/engineer money but probably in top 10% of senior
         | engineers easily
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | I think it's partly the economic conditions. You have some
         | great innovation in AI and it's worth billions. You have some
         | in cars and it just holds off the decline a bit while
         | manufacturing moves to Asia.
        
         | closeparen wrote:
         | Culturally, America wants manufacturing back in order to
         | increase the prestige of non-college men. Some amount of
         | spillover to engineers might be tolerated, but if the pay,
         | benefits, and authority are seen to mostly accrue to high-SAT-
         | scoring engineers (just like in Silicon Valley) then a
         | manufacturing renaissance will be considered an abject failure.
        
         | grafmax wrote:
         | It's a rent extraction economy not an industrial one.
        
       | rmoriz wrote:
       | Even AI can be used as "a factory" by creating code or
       | workflows/automation that will create value long after the
       | generation. Instead, most users treat them like generic chat bots
       | and/or highly inefficient interfaces to machines.
       | 
       | Using LLMs to generate texts for inefficient communication (to
       | other humans or machines) is just so wrong.
        
       | usrxcghghj wrote:
       | So funding research education and renewable energy would be the
       | move as a country right .... ?
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | Do we even have people to work in the factories? I know a guy who
       | started as a worker and is now a plant manager and he says their
       | biggest problem is finding qualified people (high school or
       | equivalent) that are willing to show up every day. Many get their
       | first check and then suddenly stop showing up and then return 2
       | or 3 weeks later looking for work.
       | 
       | A lot of younger people it seems like value flexibility over
       | higher pay. They'd rather work casual jobs that are dead ends. At
       | the factory you start with a decent wage and benefits and within
       | a year you're promoted and salary increases noticeably. If you
       | can put 5 responsible years in you're certainly recruited to the
       | management development path. These skills are highly transferable
       | between companies.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | Pretty weird that our society doesn't want immigrants if we
         | could use more workers.
        
         | trollbridge wrote:
         | Instead of blaming the workers, they should figure out how to
         | make workers want to show up and find out the incentives they
         | need.
         | 
         | Here's a start: daily pay (there are a bunch of fintechs out
         | there that will do this for you). My buddy who does
         | construction does this. It filters out people who need a quick
         | fix of cash on day 1 instead of wasting two weeks on them.
         | 
         | View labour unions as a friend, not an enemy, who will figure
         | out where to get more workers and how to keep them willing to
         | show up to the job.
        
       | erichocean wrote:
       | AI labor fixes this.
        
       | morshu9001 wrote:
       | also a literal gold rush
        
         | notfed wrote:
         | underrated observation
        
         | morshu9001 wrote:
         | Actually which has added more market cap in the past 2 years,
         | gold or the entire tech sector?
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | Ironically green energy, EVs, etc is probably one of the best
       | blue collar investments the country could make right now
       | 
       | Industries in the US are at an inflection point, with govt /
       | global market giving conflicting signals. For example car
       | manufacturers need to decide whether to invest in EVs, which is a
       | huge capital investment they won't see return on for maybe a
       | decade. If they dont invest, they won't be relevant outside the
       | few markets clinging religiously to ICEs
       | 
       | Do you layout a billion dollars to try to stay relevant outside
       | the US? Or stick to reliable, if soon shrinking, domestic
       | internal combustion engine business model?[1]
       | 
       | Contrast this with AI where signals are unambiguous from
       | government and investors.
       | 
       | 1 - As an example, this $1.6B charge GM is taking
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-14/gm-to-tak...
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | > _" Ironically green energy, EVs, etc is probably one of the
         | best blue collar investments the country could make right now"_
         | 
         | People have been saying this for 20 years, and it seems
         | plausible, but it hasn't really worked out (so far).
        
       | mrinterweb wrote:
       | Investing in AI infrastructure seems very risky to me. With how
       | short of a lifecycle computing hardware generally has, does it
       | make sense to blow billions on hardware that will need to be
       | replaced in a few years? AI companies have been burning billions
       | on hardware. Will the costs of that hardware be covered by
       | profits before the hardware lifecycle is up? That's a big gamble.
       | 
       | We used to talk about AI as having no moat (easy for other
       | players to accomplish similar AI achievements). China has made
       | that clear. Some open weight LLMs are fine and can run on
       | laptops. It seems the new moat is model parameter size and VRAM
       | requirements. I would bet on innovation in hardware or disruptive
       | algorithms changing that game so better LLMs can run on more
       | personal computers. Remember how bitcoin miners all used GPUs
       | then ASICs came along and made that no longer profitable?
       | 
       | There are many ways the AI industry can be disrupted which makes
       | it that much more volatile.
        
         | lysace wrote:
         | Very high risk/Insane payoff (maybe).
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | Pretty much it, albeit I think very few appreciate how high's
           | the risk of leaving with nothing in their hands.
        
             | lysace wrote:
             | Valuation models probably begin to break down when the
             | potential payoff is control of our solar system as we know
             | it.
             | 
             | OTOH it seems like mere single billions can buy control
             | over the US if you're brazen enough, so perhaps these stock
             | market suckers are overpaying with their trillions.
             | 
             | I wonder how expensive it would be to buy control of PRC in
             | a similarly creative (but very different) way.
        
         | musebox35 wrote:
         | While I agree with the general sentiment on throwaway compute
         | infra, the generated know-how with large scale experiments is
         | not thrown away. I think a lot hinges on the scaling laws and
         | whether you will hit the jackpot at a certain scale before
         | everyone else. This is hard to guesstimate so someone has to do
         | it in the spirit of empiricism. This might sound a lot like
         | gambling or exploring depending on your sentiment. So, I think
         | it is more justified to criticize the scale and the risks than
         | the spirit of these investments.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | While scaling laws are only empirical curve fitting and
           | extrapolation, none of them predict a discontinuous "jackpot
           | effect."
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | Once you can run a GPT5 level LLM locally on a device, it's
         | over. All this mighty infrastructure is no longer any more
         | impressive than a top of the line 2013 Mac Pro in 2025. I think
         | we're 10 years away from that.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | Have you tried the reasoning mode of Gemini Pro 2.5?
           | https://aistudio.google.com/
           | 
           | It gives me the chills, thinking about when it has 1000x
           | cheaper ~GPU compute.
        
             | GoatInGrey wrote:
             | This a hosted model with closed weights, though.
        
               | lysace wrote:
               | Yes. Not the point.
        
           | gmadsen wrote:
           | 10 years from now, the capabilities of gpt5 will be as
           | relevant to AI as Atari is to modern gaming
        
             | GoatInGrey wrote:
             | Unless GPT 5 is more like the PlayStation 5 and not the
             | Atari 2600.
        
             | bigbuppo wrote:
             | So people will be paying money for the nostalgia of ChatGPT
             | after it dies? That tracks.
        
             | deadbabe wrote:
             | I doubt it. Newer state of the art models might be a little
             | better, but not enough to justify paying $1000/month for
             | the average person or employee.
             | 
             | If you can get a GPT5 level AI, locally and privately, for
             | just the cost of electricity, why would you bother with
             | anything else? If it can't do something, you'd just
             | outsource that one prompt to a cloud based AI.
             | 
             | The vast majority of your prompts will be passing through a
             | local LLM first in 2035, and you might rarely need to touch
             | an agent API. So what does that mean for the AI industry?
        
           | hadlock wrote:
           | Consumer devices are already available that offer 128gb
           | specifically labeled for AI use. I think server side AI will
           | still exist for IoT devices, but I agree, 10 years seems
           | pretty reasonable timelie to buy a GTX 5080-sized card that
           | will have 1TB of memory, with the ability to pair it with
           | another one for 2TB. For local, non-distributed use, GPUs are
           | already more than capable of doing 20+ tokens/s, we're mostly
           | waiting on 512gb devices to drop in price, and "free" LLMs to
           | get better.
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | Are we constrained by RAM production?
             | 
             | RAM Price per GB Projected to decline at 15% per annum.
             | 
             | That's quite a few years before you'll get double the RAM.
             | 
             | For mobile I'm guessing power constraints matter too.
        
         | vonneumannstan wrote:
         | >I would bet on innovation in hardware or disruptive algorithms
         | changing that game so better LLMs can run on more personal
         | computers.
         | 
         | This is classic jevon's paradox. As efficiency increases so
         | does demand.
        
         | Rover222 wrote:
         | Each datacenter iteration that increases the size and power
         | consumption is a stepping stone towards (possibly) recursive
         | self-improvement in AI tech. I think that's the way to frame
         | the absolutely massive bets being made by (only a few)
         | companies. There aren't many companies or nation states in the
         | world that can marshal the resources and talent needed to keep
         | competing on this path.
         | 
         | It's a race to the the most powerful and transformative
         | technology in history.
         | 
         | Or it might all collapse like a house of cards. But worth a
         | shot.
        
           | SaltyBackendGuy wrote:
           | > But worth a shot.
           | 
           | Worth betting the entire US economy on it?
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | Only a significant portion of it.
        
             | Braxton1980 wrote:
             | No. Nothing is but is that what's happening?
             | 
             | Huge bets were made on the Internet technology in the US
             | and it paid off even with the dot com bubble bursting.
             | 
             | If we don't stay on top of technology then we will simply
             | be passed by China.
             | 
             | People also said the Internet was going revolutionize
             | everything in the 90s and it did. AI is already pretty
             | impressive and we are just in the infancy of the
             | technology.
        
               | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
               | The thing is, China seems to be able to keep up with much
               | less invested. I don't know how much it took for them to
               | create DeepSeek and their other power efficient models,
               | but it sure doesn't take much to run them. Meanwhile
               | American AI seems to have a limitless hunger for energy.
        
               | Rover222 wrote:
               | China is doing what they have done best for decades -
               | lean on western tech, and improve it's efficiency.
               | They're still clearly behind on SOA developments in AI.
               | 
               | But they are obviously rocketing ahead in energy
               | capacity, which will be the real bottleneck as data
               | centers continue to scale.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | Then we should become more efficient. I do get your point
               | that the amount of money available as investment could be
               | responsible for inefficient growth (because the focus is
               | only on the goal).
               | 
               | A solution could be competition locally by a more
               | efficient implementations. There might also be push back
               | by local populations if it causes energy prices to rise.
        
         | codyb wrote:
         | Considering we're two years in and everyone's still... talking
         | about chatbots pretty much. Yea, I'd say that's a hell of a
         | gamble.
         | 
         | Of course the hardware can probably be repurposed towards
         | crypto mining afterwards, so hey!
        
           | the8472 wrote:
           | The chatbot focus may be a news/accessibility bias. Take a
           | look at deepmind's research blog to see applications in more
           | areas.
        
             | codyb wrote:
             | There's definitely some cool stuff coming out of it!
             | 
             | Is it going to be as world upending as some folk were
             | making it out to be? I'm not sold on that yet.
        
         | redleggedfrog wrote:
         | You're assuming that gold is going towards infrastructure. I
         | don't think a lot of it is. I think it's a money grab while the
         | getting's good.
        
       | conradev wrote:
       | Well at least energy infrastructure is useful for both data
       | centers and factories.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Jim Farley, the CEO of Ford, has been visiting factories in
       | China.[1]
       | 
       | "Ford CEO Jim Farley said Chinese cars have "far superior"
       | technology, lower costs and great quality."
       | 
       | Ford is working on fixing this and getting a $30,000 EV out the
       | door.[2]
       | 
       | [1] https://insideevs.com/news/764318/ford-ceo-china-evs-
       | humbled...
       | 
       | [2] https://archive.is/kUbEW
        
         | jszymborski wrote:
         | Very different tact from GM, it seems
         | 
         | https://www.ft.com/content/096e883a-7dea-48a9-bbb3-72f4e79e7...
        
       | rednafi wrote:
       | So far, the ROI has been much lower than expected. The hype
       | certainly attracted a ton of investment, but aside from some code
       | generation and summarization, I've yet to see any meaningful
       | yield.
       | 
       | The narrative claims that AI will make everyone far more
       | productive, but in reality, I see people working harder than ever
       | and burning out while maintaining this slop in production.
       | 
       | AI search and summarization have been a flop, and most people I
       | know hate them. LLMs are undoubtedly useful, but despite all the
       | supposed productivity gains, I'm not seeing any measurable
       | impact. I used to spend hours reviewing human-written PRs, and
       | now I spend even more time because of lazy AI-generated garbage
       | creeping into the codebase.
       | 
       | Some AI parrots will say, "Oh, I never push code I don't
       | understand," but that doesn't stop others from doing it, and now
       | you have to be extra vigilant during PR reviews.
       | 
       | The gist is that everyone claims to be more productive, but the
       | numbers say otherwise. Even so, LLMs are genuinely useful, just
       | not nearly as much as the investment would suggest.
        
       | toephu2 wrote:
       | What many Americans don't realize is that China has already
       | surpassed the United States in terms of development (developing
       | country vs developed country sense of the word). Obviously both
       | are 'developed' countries at this point but compare Chinese tier
       | 1 cities vs American tier 1 cities. I would argue Chinese tier 1
       | cities are 10-20 years ahead of their American counterparts.
       | 
       | source: visit any Chinese tier 1 city (Beijing, Shanghai,
       | Guangzhou, Shenzhen) and it will blow your mind if you've only
       | lived in the West.
       | 
       | And if you haven't visited, for example this is tier 1 China:
       | cashless society, amazing public transportation, clean streets,
       | no homeless, practically zero crime, drone food delivery (in
       | Shenzhen, certain spots only), high-speed rail to every major
       | city in China (and even to smaller tier-2, tier-3 cities),
       | wonderful infrastructure that gets built in years (vs decades in
       | the West), extensive subway systems with protective barriers at
       | every single station (so you can't suicide or push someone on the
       | tracks) etc.
        
         | therealpygon wrote:
         | What are some examples that might blow my mind?
        
           | augstein wrote:
           | Public transportation is on a different level and all mayor
           | cities are connected via a high speed rail network.
           | 
           | The latter probably will never happen in the US.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | Considering the US has far fewer people far more spread
             | out, with two major sets of mountain ranges just in the
             | continental US probably not. It _might_ be possible to have
             | high speed rail on either coast with a single rail line
             | following along a route near I-10 east=west. Even then it
             | 's a lot of nature to overcome.
        
               | basisword wrote:
               | I feel like these are the kinds of excuses that would be
               | ignored with Chinese infrastructure projects. Tunnel
               | through the mountains.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | Yeah, nobody in the US is working on that at all...
               | 
               | https://www.boringcompany.com/
        
               | Orochikaku wrote:
               | I'd strongly recommend that you watch this video: "The
               | Vegas Loop Is Getting Progressively More Stupid".[1]
               | 
               | [1] https://youtu.be/VPjODKUxV5g (22:05)
        
               | loire280 wrote:
               | There's a lot of population centers in the US that could
               | be better connected without crossing the Rockies.
               | 
               | Beijing to Shanghai is roughly the same distance as
               | Chicago to New York City. Travel time via train is 4.5
               | hours vs 22 hours.
               | 
               | Boston to New York is almost 4 hours on the Acela!
        
             | integralid wrote:
             | So like in (parts of) Europe?
        
         | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
         | >clean streets, no homeless, practically zero crime
         | 
         | The US regressed on this heavily in the last generation.
        
           | postflopclarity wrote:
           | no it didn't. crime rates have been steadily declining for
           | over 30 years
        
             | mcast wrote:
             | I agree, but a lot of petty/non-violent crime isn't
             | enforced or reported anymore.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | The only crime rate data which is really reliable is the
             | murder rate. This peaked in 1991 and has been generally
             | stable (not steadily declining) since 1999, with a spike
             | during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all murders do get
             | reported and counted.
             | 
             | https://www.consumershield.com/articles/murder-rate-by-year
             | 
             | I don't trust the statistics for lesser crimes because so
             | many of the victims never file a report. In many cities the
             | police now subtly discourage people from filing reports
             | because they don't want to deal with the paperwork or have
             | their statistics look bad. But I think we can generally use
             | the murder rate as a proxy for the overall level of
             | criminality.
        
               | vilhelm_s wrote:
               | Surely your graph shows it declining dramatically? If you
               | zoom out a bit
               | [https://crimeforecast.substack.com/p/explaining-the-
               | crime-de...] we're currently at almost an all-time low,
               | you have to go back to the 1950s to find similarly low
               | numbers.
        
         | jjice wrote:
         | Just got back from a trip to Japan and I found that Tokyo and
         | Kyoto also met most of your criteria.
         | 
         | Cash is still pretty common there and definitely can't go
         | cashless (nor would I personally like to), and there's no
         | delivery drones that I'm aware of (I also don't particularly
         | care for that, personally).
         | 
         | I'm not even sure it's that they're ahead, I think we've just
         | fallen behind in a lot of those cases.
        
         | Knork-and-Fife wrote:
         | I agree with your assessment on the high end of China's
         | development and the lack of awareness of that from people in
         | the US. But I think the story on the low end /lower class is
         | more interesting and I think there is lack of awareness there
         | too.
         | 
         | Even within the US a lot of upper class people don't know what
         | it's like for lower class people here. It's so easy to slip
         | into homelessness because there aren't reasonable options
         | available to many people to live anymore.
         | 
         | In China they still have a huge amount of their population in a
         | developing stage so they still have ample tools and options and
         | knowledge for how to maintain a reasonable life in a less
         | developed state. So it's easier to fall back to a cheaper
         | lifestyle, and culturally it's easier too.
         | 
         | But in the US were generations removed from these other ways of
         | life, so there's no options or cultural acceptance of not
         | living a highly developed way of life. So people just go
         | straight from a nice house or apartment with modern stuff to
         | being homeless with little to no tools to survive.
         | 
         | Just my probably naive thoughts. Would love to hear others
         | takes on this.
        
           | heathrow83829 wrote:
           | i agree with that. It's as if they tried to outlaw poverty. i
           | mean look at all the insane housing regulations (zoning laws,
           | regulations, permit costs, land usage policy) that prevent
           | low cost housing from being built.
           | 
           | I've seen in thailand, how even the poorest can just build a
           | small hut on a piece of land they own and actually live in
           | it. You'd be risking jail time if you did that in the US.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | I think your assessment of homelessness in the US misses some
           | things, though (or at least leaves them unstated):
           | 
           | First, that it's not just that people "don't know how to live
           | more simply", and thus cling to their homes too long when
           | they "should" otherwise be downsizing and cutting expenses.
           | For a lot of people, the fall is sudden--some medical
           | emergency drains all their savings and leaves them unable to
           | work (at least for a time), and there it goes.
           | 
           | Second, what are they going to downsize _to_? We don 't
           | _have_ whole rural villages in the US that are living,
           | essentially, pre-industrialized lives (except with the Amish,
           | I suppose, but that 's a whole other kettle of fish). (Also,
           | I don't know for sure that such places exist today in China--
           | I know that they did not _too_ many years ago, but my
           | information is not current.) There isn 't really anywhere you
           | can _go_ in the US to live securely, but simply, on $100 a
           | month or whatever. And even if there were, that would involve
           | leaving whatever job you had to begin with, which removes the
           | "securely" part.
        
         | BiteCode_dev wrote:
         | While I do believe that China is surpassing the West on many
         | points, I'd like to underline that a cashless society is not a
         | good thing. It's a terrible, terrible idea.
         | 
         | With no cash, the citizen passport and the GFW, the
         | dictatorship has total control of society. It's not that there
         | are no homeless, is that they are pushed to even worse
         | conditions, out of sight. It's not that there is zero crime,
         | it's that the crime is from the state, the mafia, and there is
         | a lot of corruption. But nobody can talk about it because there
         | is no free press.
         | 
         | I do think it's important to state how much China is advancing,
         | and surpassing the West, because they are going to rule the
         | world as the Americans did, soon.
         | 
         | But let's not pretend it's some kind of utopia.
        
           | fspeech wrote:
           | I think you over estimate the control and under estimate the
           | need for flexibility for any society to operate. Let's just
           | say even in China, identity can be a commodity. For example
           | scammers are known to buy bank accounts by paying poor people
           | in remote areas. The system needs flexibility otherwise a
           | majority of people will run into problems all the time.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | China has made amazing progress and the rate of extreme poverty
         | has fallen a lot. But it's also easier to limit the homeless
         | population in cities when they have the _Hukou_ internal
         | passport system to keep many of the poorest people out, as well
         | as forced institutionalization of the severely mentally ill.
        
         | basisword wrote:
         | >> extensive subway systems with protective barriers at every
         | single station (so you can't suicide or push someone on the
         | tracks)
         | 
         | I find this one most interesting. In London for example this is
         | brought up all the time. There is always an excuse (cost,
         | platform length, trains can't stop at the same spot etc etc)
         | and we accept ~100 suicide attempts per year not to mention
         | various accidents. There's the immediate human cost, the PTSD
         | for first emergency workers + the disruption to public
         | transport.
         | 
         | If we can't invest in simple things that would make a
         | meaningful difference how do we expect to match those big
         | infrastructure projects? Crossrail is fantastic but was delayed
         | many years. HS2 is beyond a joke.
        
         | itchyouch wrote:
         | As an East Asian, not really trying to argue that China hasn't
         | accomplished great things.
         | 
         | While I can't speak directly to this, but from watching The
         | China Show on YouTube, the tradeoff to the amazing amenities is
         | that the personal-injury risk from failing infrastructure has
         | been fatal, but covered up by their propaganda. Anyone on the
         | receiving end of it, will deal with devastating consequences,
         | if not fatal.
         | 
         | Infrastructure and manufacturing corners are cut in ways that
         | look great, but literally kill their population and tourists.
         | 
         | Building foundations are not thick enough, buildings aren't
         | built to proper fire safety standards, underground pipes leak,
         | leading to roads constantly failing, high rises burn down,
         | sewage pipes literally blow up due to methane build up like
         | someone detonated a bomb.
         | 
         | Drainage grates are fake and flooding cities, drowning people
         | in vehicles, while the QA of car battery manufacturing is
         | causing electric fleets of cars in parking lots to burn.
         | 
         | And the aforementioned occurrences are happening in tier1
         | cities.
         | 
         | I sound hyperbolic, but China is great at quickly cleaning up
         | and quickly rebuilding, so it doesn't seem nearly as bad as it
         | does.
         | 
         | Once I learned about the infrastructure, I realized my cousin's
         | business trip accident in China was not a randomly rare
         | accident.
         | 
         | He broke his back in China when his rental car's front wheel
         | popped off the car.
         | 
         | Chances are most folks are fine if they go. But I would be very
         | weary, because the probability of a disaster is not nearly as
         | high as it ought to be.
        
       | stonemetal12 wrote:
       | US manufacturing hit an all time high of 2.9 trillion dollars in
       | 2024, and is up year over year. Yeah totally failing.
        
         | judahmeek wrote:
         | According to Google:
         | 
         | "Slower growth: Despite the record output, some analyses
         | reported that the overall growth of U.S. manufacturing output
         | was modest, at just 1% in 2024. This reflected a lag between
         | announced investments and new operational capacity coming
         | online."
         | 
         | So record output, but practically zero growth.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-10-14 23:02 UTC)