[HN Gopher] How Apple designs a virtual knob (2012)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Apple designs a virtual knob (2012)
        
       Author : gregsadetsky
       Score  : 166 points
       Date   : 2025-10-07 18:19 UTC (5 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (jherrm.github.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (jherrm.github.io)
        
       | brudgers wrote:
       | Up and down virtual knobs are entirely unintuitive to me.
       | 
       | I understand the rationalization, but a knob is not a slider and
       | what's the point of non-skeuomorphic skeuomorphism?
        
         | dsego wrote:
         | It's a visually more compact interface element, but still
         | allows the same simple interaction as a slider?
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | We don't steer automobiles with reins because new
           | technologies work better with interfaces that match their
           | technological properties. We've learned a lot about human
           | computer interaction since the 1970's.
        
         | quitit wrote:
         | This approach solves a common problem in apps that need to
         | surface a lot of controls.
         | 
         | Problem 1: Sliders take up a lot of space.
         | 
         | Problem 2: Fine control of a mouse or touch-driven interface is
         | provided by sliding, not by rotational gestures.
         | 
         | The idea here is to use a virtual knob to save space, while
         | providing the fine control possible with a sliding interface.
         | The sliding direction is generally chosen to be intuitive to
         | the function of the knob. (Locking to horizontal or vertical
         | also assists with fine control.)
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | Using a knob when using a knob doesn't solve the problem is
           | poor design...then again, skeuomorphism is usually bad
           | design.
           | 
           | Here a counter that increases and decreases with mouse
           | movement would take less space and be more intuitive.
           | 
           | And a much much better design because it would provide a
           | numerical readout of the value directly at the point of
           | interaction.
           | 
           | But in fairness, most design is bad because designers tend
           | toward satisfying themselves rather than users...ok, I will
           | stop ranting now.
        
             | pegasus wrote:
             | A counter provides more information but takes longer to
             | read and appreciate than a simple angular magnitude.
        
             | notapenny wrote:
             | Just flat counter fields are terrible in audio software
             | interfaces. Sliders and knobs give you visual feedback of
             | where you are along a line and an easy way to quickly
             | increase/decrease speed when adjusting.
             | 
             | Most software I use does still show some numeric value
             | somewhere, either around the element when changing it, or
             | in some other panel. This way you get some more information
             | than in the hardware equivalent if you need more granular
             | control. Its particularly nice if they allow you to
             | click/double-click for editing values.
             | 
             | From my perspective as a user, knobs convey exactly what I
             | need. Mostly I don't care about the exact number, just
             | about what position something is in. Knobs behaving like
             | sliders is fine. I'm not physically moving a knob, I might
             | be moving it with a mouse or touchpad. You can't stray with
             | a physical control the way you can with a digital one. And
             | they allow interface designers to put a lot more
             | information on screen where space is at a premium.
             | 
             | Honestly, just go download a trial version of something
             | like Reaper or Reason and go make some music. You'll get a
             | better feel.
        
           | pegasus wrote:
           | Exactly. It's not about skeuomorphism, it's about saving
           | space. Yes, it's unintuitive, and they could have made it
           | work with a circular swipe as well, and probably should have,
           | but it makes sense design-wise.
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | It's quite common in DAWs, it allows you to adjust knobs quite
         | easily with a mouse.
        
         | duped wrote:
         | It's a fixed size slider which uses the rotation of the
         | indicator to tell you its position, instead of the position of
         | a thumb in horizontal or vertical position.
         | 
         | If you replaced it with text or a bar that filled the area it
         | would be the same.
         | 
         | It's better than a linear sliders because it takes up less
         | space. It's better than a bar slider because you have more
         | range to display (the length of the arc of the indicator is
         | longer than the horizontal and vertical dimensions). This in
         | turn makes it better for putting into tighter spaces.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | Your rationals don't mention users and if you are short on
           | space, that's poor design -- just as a 12" (300mm) bedroom
           | door would be poor design in a dwelling.
        
             | duped wrote:
             | By way of survivorship, every popular DAW and plugin
             | responsible for music made over the last 30 years has made
             | extensive use of knobs. If it's poor design that's news to
             | the industry.
             | 
             | Like if knobs suck, then every audio UI has always sucked.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | The main interface in Garage Band uses sliders...same
               | with Pro Tools.
               | 
               | Because competent designers.
        
       | brnaftr361 wrote:
       | I didn't read the writeup. The result was pretty gnarly. The
       | active area on a phone left me scrolling up and down and I had to
       | go very slow once I got purchase on the knob or it would rotate
       | back after a quarter turn.
       | 
       | Please no.
        
         | hackernudes wrote:
         | Agree. Makes sense for a mouse cursor but not touch.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Huh, the knob turns back when you attempt to turn it circularly
       | (the most intuitive gesture).
       | 
       | How difficult can it be to make a knob that works when turned
       | both linearly and circularly?
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | Came here to say that. They over-engineered it in a way that
         | killed the only truly intuitive way to interact with a knob.
        
       | hannesfur wrote:
       | Having played a lot of MSFS 2020/2024 recently, I feel like I can
       | appreciate this way more now. Since they have to make these knobs
       | realistically and in 3D, when using them with a keyboard and
       | mouse (or even worse a controller) it's incredibly difficult to
       | see and turn them. It gets even worse since you can push and pull
       | many of these knobs (the difference being potentially
       | catastrophic as well).
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Interesting. I could imagine a knob not being _so_ bad with a
         | controller. But maybe I'm miss-imagining or maybe they
         | implemented it poorly.
        
       | quaintdev wrote:
       | The whole idea of knob is stupid both on touch screens as well as
       | desktop. There are other good alternatives which are far more
       | intuitive than knobs.
       | 
       | Knobs are good when you can physically rotate them like for
       | example in a car. But there we are removing knobs and adding
       | touchscreens.
        
         | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
         | Completely agree. They are very prevalent in DAWs and audio
         | plugins, as they try to look like physical hardware. I
         | absolutely hate interacting with them, either with touch or
         | mouse.
         | 
         | I guess the one advantage they have is they don't take up as
         | much room as a slider, maybe?
        
           | bigyabai wrote:
           | I tolerate knobs in DAWs/plugins... _if_ they let you
           | manually enter a value. So much fiddling can be skipped by
           | dialing in a value directly.
           | 
           | Without manual entry, you trap users in fiddly UI hell.
        
             | dleeftink wrote:
             | When knobs are fiddly, most VST3s offer high-resolution
             | midi mapping for precise automation. I agree through, that
             | a precise readout is a must as the 'knob units' may not
             | always map to what is displayed by the VST host.
        
         | hermitwriter wrote:
         | Designing 3D real-world interactions for 2D screens is fun.
         | Literally fun. Rarely useful.
        
           | sethwebster wrote:
           | Yeah, the paradigms are just too different.
           | 
           | I prefer sliders for knobs... just much more natural with a
           | mouse or touchscreen.
        
             | hermitwriter wrote:
             | It's hard to replicate the "coolness" factor though of a
             | true studio control board. It begs to be touched and knobs
             | beg to be turned...
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | Hmm, for alternatives, are you thinking of things like
         | spinboxes? (I know them mainly from Blender)
        
         | Fraterkes wrote:
         | The point of knobs is that you can fit a ton of sliders in a
         | limited space, and that you can wildly adjust them with very
         | little movement. Both are requirments for a lot of music
         | software. What would the alternative be?
        
           | tobr wrote:
           | You can do this with a normal slider as well. Map a large
           | pointer movement to a small control movement.
        
             | Fraterkes wrote:
             | I meant the opposite: with only a small mouse movement you
             | can fling a knob wildly, which is great if you want to do a
             | quick transition on eg a high pass filter or a low pass
             | filter
        
           | dleeftink wrote:
           | I think multi-zone drumpads on the recent Akai MPC Live 3
           | provide a good middle ground, quite similar to mapping
           | various zones on a trackpad. The Macbook touchstrip was a
           | cool (but maybe too cool) addition as well, similarly
           | introduced by various DAW controllers (Push, Machine, MPC
           | Live, others).
        
             | Fraterkes wrote:
             | I meant that in the context of a digital ui, knobs are
             | great because theyre a way to fit a finely-adjustable
             | slider in a small area. In the physical world there's
             | obviously lots of alternatives
        
           | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
           | > What would the alternative be?
           | 
           | Large slider which doesn't change place, buttons to select
           | what you are adjusting. Display the current value on the
           | button if you need it to stay visible.
           | 
           | The magic of software ux is that you can actually replace
           | things on a screen in a way you can't on a physical device.
        
             | charrondev wrote:
             | Then you can't see the value at a glance though.
        
             | astafrig wrote:
             | Then you can only adjust one thing at a time--so you've
             | just created the worst of both worlds with a multi-touch
             | display and live music software.
        
               | StopDisinfo910 wrote:
               | There is absolutely no way you successfully adjust two
               | knobs at the same time on a multitouch display, let alone
               | while doing live music. They are barely usable one by
               | one.
               | 
               | There is a reason people serious about doing music keep
               | using physical knobs to change values in their software.
               | I'm entirely convinced the sole reason DAWs use virtual
               | knobs despite them being such a poor UX element is
               | because people will map them to MIDI knobs anyway and
               | that keeps the software and physical world looking the
               | same.
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | > There is absolutely no way you successfully adjust two
               | knobs at the same time on a multitouch display, let alone
               | while doing live music
               | 
               | I do it all the time on an iPad. It handles up to 5
               | simultaneous controls very well.
        
               | fyolnish wrote:
               | Same here
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | There's a demo of the original iPad multitouch display,
               | which can distinguish eleven simultaneous inputs.
               | 
               | Prompting the obvious question: Why eleven?
        
               | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
               | Kind of a self fulfilling prophecy then. I had to figure
               | out how to map the knobs to MIDI hardware because it was
               | so hard to adjust them on screen!
               | 
               | At that point I guess the physical resemblance is a
               | virtue.
        
           | robotresearcher wrote:
           | How about a knob that instantly overlays a slider when you
           | touch it?
           | 
           | Then it takes only knob space at rest, but offers the slider
           | affordance and high-res control when you need it.
           | 
           | Maybe that would work if it popped up VERY FAST. I have never
           | gotten along with touch screen knobs.
        
             | tavavex wrote:
             | Some of the music production UIs seem to feature huge grids
             | of knobs, a pop-up slider would inherently obscure some of
             | the adjacent knobs in some way, requiring you to move the
             | cursor away or click somewhere else to dismiss it. It would
             | create friction if you needed to do quick adjustments
             | across a row or column of knobs.
             | 
             | I think the best compromise is something that's already
             | very similar to knobs - a "draggable text field". Different
             | software styles this element differently, but the essence
             | is that it's a number, where you can either click and type
             | a new value in, or hold the mouse on the field and drag it
             | left or right to drag through the different values. You can
             | find this in some video and 3D editors. Sometimes these
             | elements are styled to have arrows on the sides of the
             | numeric value to suggest the dragging behavior.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | I think it would be a pop-up that only appears while
               | you're dragging it. It would basically just be showing
               | the interaction mode explicitly.
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | That's effectively the same as the Apple knob modes where
             | you can drag vertically or horizontally, except the visual
             | slider would be locked to one orientation.
             | 
             | There are some music software that do this, and it looks
             | clunky shifting between a graphic of a slider when you're
             | moving it and a graphic of a knob when you're not.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | The difference with the Apple knob is that you would be
               | given a strong cue for what to do after you tap on the
               | knob. The current knob design has no cue until you press
               | and slide, when you see a value change. But you have to
               | do it right before you get any cue. Real knobs are
               | turned; not tapped, pressed or slid. The slider shows you
               | an affordance that works. The knob shows you an
               | affordance that does not.
        
           | Too wrote:
           | Look at the how timers are adjusted in the Clock app on
           | iPhone. Three rotary tumblers that can all be set
           | independently.
        
         | Cockbrand wrote:
         | Others have already pointed out that a knob saves a lot of
         | space. And I'm surprised myself how usable a knob is when
         | controlled with a vertical trackpad scroll gesture. Probably
         | still a frustrating control on a touch screen, though.
        
         | duped wrote:
         | If you've ever used pro audio software you come to love rotary
         | over linear sliders. They're simply more flexible and dense
         | when you have many parameters to tweak.
        
           | kowbell wrote:
           | Linear sliders are also finite, while rotary encoders can
           | spin forever.
        
             | siriaan wrote:
             | In the physical world, sure, but there's no reason why a
             | virtual linear slide could not be made endless
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | You'd have a discontinuity. A knob naturally rotates back
               | to its start. A slider never does and would have to
               | pacman-wrap itself back to the start.
               | 
               | There's no motion you could make that would infinitely
               | increase without a break. A knob you can just move your
               | cursor in a clockwise circle infinitely.
        
             | baxuz wrote:
             | Yeah but that doesn't have much value as you lose the value
             | indicator.
             | 
             | If you don't need a value indicator, you don't need a
             | circular knob as an affordance. You can have a whatever as
             | it just reacts to your input.
             | 
             | If you do have a value indicator which is "infinite", such
             | as a numerical value display, it's better to make it
             | interactive and place the interaction on top of it, instead
             | of splitting the UI between a value indicator and the
             | input.
             | 
             | A lot of software does this.
        
         | baxuz wrote:
         | It's really not. You're looking at it the wrong way, and
         | haven't come across any of the use cases it solves.
         | 
         | If you have limited space and you need to both interact with
         | and see fractional ranges, knobs are the way to go. It's way
         | more glanceable, and the entire range is displayed in the knob
         | itself.
         | 
         | Think of it this way: Both a circular knob and a slider have 2
         | elements: the interactive area and the range display. However,
         | the slide has the same knob size that is set on a large track
         | displaying the selected range by moving the knob, whereas the
         | circular knob has the track displayed radially inside it.
         | 
         | For the track example -- the knob is the only interactive
         | element for all practical purposes when it comes to precise
         | tweaking of values. Single clicks on a track usually don't
         | support further dragging after the initial click on any OS or
         | UI implementation.
         | 
         | This comes with many positive sides:
         | 
         | - The interactive area (handle) is always in the same place.
         | 
         | - The interactive area is in practice always bigger than a knob
         | on a linear slider.
         | 
         | - Adjusting the knob doesn't reposition your cursor, no matter
         | what you do with the mouse.
         | 
         | - The circular track allows for much easier visual
         | identification of fractions compared to a linear track due to
         | its radial nature.
         | 
         | - The indicator can be a single pixel, whereas on the linear
         | track, the knob is a fairly imprecise blob due to its nature of
         | needing to serve a dual purpose. This means it's a lot more
         | precise.
         | 
         | - There is a lot more granularity in the same surface area.
         | 
         | - Interaction precision isn't limited to the size of the track
         | where it needs to scale linearly
         | 
         | - You don't need to dynamic element rendering or resizing which
         | may cover other things you're looking at.
         | 
         | - The area is much smaller. On a 16x16px circular knob, I can
         | get up to hundreds of steps which are clearly visually
         | distinct.
         | 
         | All of that being said, the article is quite bad as it
         | contradicts itself, and uses knobs in ways they are not good
         | at, which is circular interaction and being able to do multiple
         | circles. It beats the point of having a knob, might as well
         | have an interaction handler on the number indicator itself.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | In just about every simulator featuring knobs, I've noticed
         | that most knob interfaces will accept scroll wheel inputs. Use
         | the literal knob in your mouse to control the knob on the
         | screen.
         | 
         | Of course Apple's mice don't have a physical knob, so that
         | approach doesn't work, but knobs and mice can work outside of
         | the Apple sphere.
         | 
         | On touch screens, you can probably make them work by tapping
         | the knob and popping up a slider to control the value. Lets you
         | use knobs to maintain an overview while exposing usable
         | controls for modifications.
        
           | alehlopeh wrote:
           | I'm amazed you actually think that Apple's mice don't have
           | any way to scroll.
           | 
           | They have touch area where the scroll wheel would normally
           | be, that works extremely well.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | I actually think knob inputs i.e. just the knob without
         | vertical or horizontal modes, are quite useful. The ability to
         | naturally gain precision the further out you drag is very handy
         | and intuitive.
         | 
         | Not good for computers with mouse inputs, but for touchscreens
         | I like the idea.
        
           | DonHopkins wrote:
           | >The ability to naturally gain precision the further out you
           | drag is very handy and intuitive.
           | 
           | Pie menus, where the selection is based on the gesture
           | direction, allow you to move further out (longer gesture) to
           | get more "leverage" or precise control over the angle (either
           | continuous angle, or the selected slice).
           | 
           | The angle selects a slice, but you can think of a knob as a
           | pie menu with one slice (the whole pie) that also has a
           | direction and a optional distance parameter.
           | 
           | But you can even use the distance to exaggerate the angular
           | precision even more!
           | 
           | Here's a demo of a "Precision Pie Menu" I wrote in 1988 for
           | NeWS in PostScript, which exaggerated that angular precision
           | effect even more, once you pass a certain distance, allowing
           | you to have extremely precise control over the angle.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0scs59va4c
           | 
           | >Demo of the precision pie menu. Research performed by Don
           | Hopkins under the direction of Mark Weiser and Ben
           | Shneiderman. Developed and demonstrated by Don Hopkins.
           | 
           | >Transcript:
           | 
           | This is a demonstration of the Precision Pie Menu under the
           | NeWS window system.
           | 
           | It's an experiment in exaggerating the extra precision that
           | you get with distance.
           | 
           | As you move out further from the menu center of a pie menu,
           | normally the further you go from the center the more control
           | you have over the angle.
           | 
           | But if you want to input an exact number like an angle, you
           | might want to get it down to the a certain number, but you
           | run out of screen space before you get enough leverage to
           | change the number to what you want.
           | 
           | Now what happens here is that when you poke out, it makes a
           | flexible lever, that the further out you go, the more
           | flexible it becomes, and you have much finer control over the
           | number.
           | 
           | So as I move around back in and out, I'll poke it into a
           | different place and just come out further to get a lot of
           | leverage, and dial exactly the number I want.
           | 
           | So here's what happens when you go around to the other side:
           | "pop pop"!
           | 
           | And as you get nearer it gets less and less flexible.
           | 
           | Generally you'd kind of eyeball it, and then get it exact
           | like 93, well there's 93 or 273, there's 273.
        
       | alberth wrote:
       | QuickTime use to have a wheel as a volume control.
       | 
       | It's was a pain to use and they later dropped it for a slider.
       | 
       | http://hallofshame.gp.co.at/qtime.htm
        
         | Cockbrand wrote:
         | You beat me to posting this. When this version of the QuickTime
         | player came out, I couldn't understand how Apple of all
         | companies could ship this obviously awkward control.
         | 
         | Edit: Scrolling further down on the article, I get reminded of
         | the weird pop-out drawer at the bottom of the player. I had
         | totally forgotten about it, and it was also a very awkward and
         | un-ergonomic piece of UI.
        
       | 62 wrote:
       | I don't know who they think they are fooling but these are all
       | garbage. Jerky and frustrating to use, same as always.
        
       | dvh wrote:
       | The one called garage band synth knob with 17 images is available
       | as MF-A01 in real life. But beware there are 2 versions with same
       | model number get the one with the set screw and brass bushing.
        
       | ranger207 wrote:
       | > After using the knobs in Garageband for a while, I noticed that
       | they didn't always react the way I thought they would. Most of
       | the time the little indicator dot on the knob would follow my
       | finger as I spun the knob around in a circle. Other times the
       | knob wouldn't follow my finger at all and seemed to go in random
       | directions. I eventually figured out that I had stumbled on three
       | different ways to turn a virtual knob.
       | 
       | > ...
       | 
       | > Apple's attention to detail is what has propelled it to be the
       | most valuable company on earth. Whether it's the click of a
       | physical button or the math behind inertial scrolling, Apple
       | employees work really hard to make products that are deceptively
       | simple and just feel right. The virtual knobs found in Garageband
       | are no exception and I hope others enjoyed learning about them as
       | much as I have.
       | 
       | I think these two statements are contradictory. Personally, I've
       | noticed a pattern when people post about Apple UX that seems to
       | go "yes this thing may be unintuitive _but_ actually it 's a sign
       | of really good design!" that I can't quite seem to wrap my head
       | around
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | I think it's more that someone may assume how something works,
         | and it isn't exactly that, so they say it's unintuitive. But
         | there could be multiple assumptions on how it should work on
         | first use. Covering all of those possibilities, and integrating
         | them into a cohesive experience that works the first time, and
         | makes even more sense as you continue to use it and learn the
         | other ways to interact, shows a strong attention to detail and
         | design.
         | 
         | This is opposed to something that may be very intuitive for 30%
         | of people, but the other 70% are lost, and the implementation
         | doesn't scale.
        
           | PunchyHamster wrote:
           | I think in UX there is general lack of desire to properly
           | explain how stuff works instead of relying on just "guessing
           | user expectations right"
           | 
           | like if said knob just displayed a vertical bar with marks
           | signalling up and down also works it would be very clear to
           | person that tried to just spin it
        
             | capex wrote:
             | Hmm, may be you're right about UX designers not wanting to
             | explain. For instance, I certainly won't want that vertical
             | bar for aesthetic reasons. It's just hard to defend
             | objectively.
        
         | bitpush wrote:
         | Agreed. There's a lot of self blaming going on here. "Apple
         | cares about users so much. They work sooo hard" .. but also
         | when things don't work well, they don't seem to update their
         | world view.
         | 
         | Its quite fascinating behavior really. Reality distortion
         | field.
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | The problem of the knob is that it offers a large and precise
         | control, but that large control remains _invisible_. There 's
         | no obvious clue showing that you can still interact with the
         | knob by dragging the pointer / finger far away from it.
         | 
         | Adding a simple visual clue would help discoverablility a lot.
         | Draw a faint halo on touch, when the mode changes. Draw a more
         | visible trail when the touch point is dragged. Provide
         | immediate and localized feedback, like good UX guidelines
         | suggest.
        
           | VerifiedReports wrote:
           | Exactly. Based on this thing's depiction as a knob, every
           | user is going to assume that you have to describe a ring
           | around it by dragging the cursor in a circle... a fussy and
           | awkward pain in the ass.
        
         | JeremyHerrman wrote:
         | author here - fair point but I still think apple made the right
         | call even if it leads to a bit of confusion at first.
         | 
         | If a digital knob needs to be turned several times (e.g. 1080o,
         | common in DAWs), the "default" way to interact with a knob on a
         | touchscreen - circling again and again - is slow and
         | uncomfortable. Adding "slider" gestures on top of the default
         | behavior is a nice way to perform many turns quickly and
         | easily.
        
           | wlesieutre wrote:
           | Reminds me of the Steam Deck's touchpad for scrolling. Some
           | people are very confused by the default behavior which seems
           | to scroll up and down randomly when you swipe. But for people
           | who used an iPod it makes perfect sense, and you can scroll
           | continuously by moving your thumb in a circle, rather than
           | scrolling in increments by swipe swipe swipe.
        
             | eastbound wrote:
             | Two fingers, leave one on the pad, keep swiping with the
             | other?
        
         | hopelite wrote:
         | If I had to guess, I think he may be trying to describe the
         | behavior when you try to interact with the virtual knobs in a
         | way that is based on assumption of how it would work due to
         | other experiences in digital UIs, rather than the "level of
         | detail" that Apple puts into UI and UX that is at first
         | contrary to experience, but then actually amazes people when
         | they realize it actually works with their human expectations
         | rather than the human having to have to adjust themselves and
         | their expectations to the poor UI and UX interactions of other
         | experiences.
         | 
         | To be more concrete, if I had to guess, the author tried using
         | the knob like a slider, trying to drag the visual slider down
         | to decrease and up to increase the knob rotation, but that
         | conflicted and caused movements in "random directions".
        
         | strogonoff wrote:
         | The idea of local maximum means to get from one local peak to
         | another, even if it is a higher one, you need to first go
         | through a valley.
         | 
         | Somebody comes up with an acceptable solution to a design
         | problem, people get used to it, then when somebody comes up
         | with an otherwise theoretically better solution it is in
         | practical terms worse at first because the user has an
         | intuition for another one already. Having to relearn is worse
         | than if there was no preexisting intuition yet.
         | 
         | This is why it is possible to say it is both not very intuitive
         | but good.
        
         | groundzeros2015 wrote:
         | ease of initial understanding is not the only definition of
         | good UX. Some UX is optimized for one time use with no
         | familiarity (wizards work well, like checkout flows). The
         | opposite is designed for use every day. In real life
         | professions it takes a lot of work to learn to use tools
         | effectively. That's not because they are poorly designed, but
         | because they target optimal performance after an initial
         | learning period.
         | 
         | Software has many successful examples of the latter but it's
         | not a paradigm that designers are familiar with or that
         | startups tend to go after.
        
         | VerifiedReports wrote:
         | "Apple's attention to detail"
         | 
         | Such cringe-inducing, delusional fawning. You can find
         | counterpoints to this oft-regurgitated claim all over Apple's
         | products, with a cornucopia of them in the rightfully-scorned
         | Tahoe release alone.
         | 
         | But back to the topic at hand: "knobs" in GUIs. They suck, for
         | the very reasons demonstrated here. Audio software in
         | particular is replete with this skeuomorphic failure, and why?
         | Because people who work in music or audio can't understand
         | more-effective GUI affordances? Because they'd be lost without
         | something that looks like the physical knobs on a mixer or
         | stompbox? What an insulting assumption, not to mention
         | nonsensical in modern times.
         | 
         | "Apple employees work really hard to make products that are
         | deceptively simple and just feel right."
         | 
         | This grand declaration is based on what, exactly? In a decade
         | as a software engineer at Apple, I saw a wide range of
         | dedication and aptitude in UI design and implementation. This
         | varies within teams and between teams, with no set standards
         | for research or testing of UI effectiveness. I saw the same
         | amateur-hour mistakes made repeatedly, despite their being
         | pointed out incontrovertibly... and some have come back to bite
         | (and cripple) new generations of Apple products.
         | 
         | Design isn't getting better, folks. It's one thing to give bad
         | design a free pass; but to LAUD it hurts all users.
        
       | Zak wrote:
       | I'm amused by the contrast between Apple's attention to detail on
       | the implementation and their failure to recognize that a virtual
       | knob with a touchscreen or mouse is a fundamentally bad idea.
       | 
       | The author also makes this error, praising Apple's design prowess
       | and denigrating its competition while failing to recognize they
       | "didn't always react the way I thought they would" because
       | they're ill-suited to the medium.
        
         | oncallthrow wrote:
         | Literally every DAW has knobs everywhere: it would be
         | impossible to use sliders everywhere in a DAW's UI, there
         | simply isn't enough room.
        
           | HeWhoLurksLate wrote:
           | was going to say, heaven forbid we use a little skeumorphism
        
           | o11c wrote:
           | "Make [a slider] bigger while the mouse button is held down,
           | and warp the mouse so that when you let go you pick up where
           | you left off" has been a solved problem for decades.
           | 
           | And with traditional toolkits (i.e. not HTML) it will even be
           | fast.
        
             | llbbdd wrote:
             | This would be a few lines of CSS and it would be very fast
        
             | baxuz wrote:
             | It's not all about the interaction, but also the visual
             | representation which can be much finer and granular in
             | small spaces with a knob.
             | 
             | I can make a 16x16px knob where you can see almost the
             | entire 320deg of the range.
             | 
             | It's also easier to see fractions, such as 1/2, 1/3 or 1/4.
             | 
             | Sliders, especially in 16px possess none of those.
        
             | duped wrote:
             | I was able to debug and fix someone's MainStage patch last
             | night over SMS when they sent me pictures of their screen,
             | where all the knobs were visible.
             | 
             | Being able to see the full state of the thing is important.
             | Hiding it behind interactions is just as bad as hiding it
             | behind menus.
             | 
             | Sidenote, you _have_ to do this on native because pointer
             | lock /warp is not universally supported in web browsers.
        
             | oncallthrow wrote:
             | As someone who regularly uses DAWs, this sounds like
             | terrible UX
        
         | JeremyHerrman wrote:
         | author here - I made this comment elsewhere, but I still think
         | apple made the right call even if it leads to a bit of
         | confusion at first.
         | 
         | As others have pointed out, sliders have limits & knobs don't,
         | so I do think they have their place on touchscreens.
         | 
         | If a digital knob needs to be turned several times (e.g. 1080o,
         | common in DAWs), the "default" way to interact with a knob on a
         | touchscreen - circling again and again - is slow and
         | uncomfortable. Adding "slider" gestures on top of the default
         | behavior is a nice way to perform many turns quickly and
         | easily.
         | 
         | I'm curious - what UI mechanism would you use instead?
        
       | jasonjmcghee wrote:
       | Pretty interesting- on the first knob (with vertical and
       | horizontal disabled) works great with how I thought the
       | horizontal and vertical gestures were supposed to work - the
       | difference being I did them on the edges instead of the center.
       | 
       | I found this knob to be the best experience.
       | 
       | Curious if others feel strongly for the centered experience.
        
       | nixpulvis wrote:
       | Ironically, this post perfectly demonstrates up why these
       | gestures should not be used together. I could not reliably make
       | it trigger one vs. the other and which mode it selects is not
       | something the code can detect without continued input which will
       | lead to discontinuities in value.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | It gets very glitchy if the pointer/finger is near the centre of
       | the knob. Really that area should be disabled or "worked around"
       | somehow. The hard part is you can't stop the user's
       | finger/pointer from crossing through the middle, like a physical
       | knob does by its physical construction. So there's a mismatch
       | there.
        
       | SonOfLilit wrote:
       | This is not an Apple original design, this is standard fare in
       | DAWs and VST plugins and has been since at least the early 00s.
       | In the beginning of the article he talks about context menus as
       | something that is not one GUI's but just standard in the industry
       | - these knob interactions are like that for the audio industry.
        
         | JeremyHerrman wrote:
         | author here - I was specifically talking about digital knobs on
         | touch screens having both spin gestures AND horizontal/vertical
         | slide gestures.
         | 
         | If you can point me to a DAW besides Garageband on iPad which
         | was on a touchscreen with those three gestures I would love to
         | try it out!
        
           | squeaky-clean wrote:
           | Those gestures have been pretty standard with mouse movements
           | in music software for a while. Apple brought it to
           | touchscreen, but they didn't invent the multi gesture knob
           | interface.
           | 
           | I had a Novation Zero SL mkii in 2008 which had a "universal
           | knob". It acted as an HID mouse input and when you spun the
           | knob it would click your mouse and drag it vertically. It
           | worked with most music software at the time because
           | vertically dragging a knob had become fairly standard.
        
       | JeremyHerrman wrote:
       | oh wow this is my article! wild to see it pick up traction after
       | 13 years.
       | 
       | I guess I should probably publish more of my drafts...
       | 
       | Thanks for reading/commenting!
        
       | 1oooqooq wrote:
       | fanboys are out of this world.
       | 
       | i can guarantee the only reason there's 3 input types for the
       | knobs, is because three different teams did their own thing and
       | nobody cares.
        
       | talkingtab wrote:
       | It is interesting how opinionated people are. Personally, I think
       | we just don't know enough to do a reasonable assessment. If we
       | had some example of where a knob might be good and then try to
       | understand whether it was good and if not, why not?
       | 
       | One of the issues (in my opinion) is how much control per pixel
       | you get from a control. Certainly a knob has more control factors
       | than a button. If nothing else you can click it and turn it. In
       | the same size, a knob has much more control effect.
       | 
       | The other issue is how easily and comfortable a person _can_ be
       | using the control. This is complicated. If you see something on a
       | screen that looks like something from the real world, then you
       | have an idea of how to use it. And many of us became very
       | comfortable with the old goofy Windows controls. But initial
       | comfort is not necessary. Learned comfort is. If initially we don
       | 't know what it can do and how to use it, can we learn and once
       | we do will we be comfortable?
       | 
       | It is not straight forward. The challenge I face is using a very
       | small form factor - a mobile phone screen - to inter operate with
       | complex systems and vast amounts of data.
       | 
       | The fact that it embodies more control factors in a small package
       | makes it interesting.
        
       | twodave wrote:
       | It would be nice if these had a 4th way of manipulating: focus +
       | up/down arrows. They're pretty inaccessible as is.
        
       | notpushkin wrote:
       | I love how it's handled in design software. Drag on a numeric
       | value and it adjusts. I think it works the same in some DAWs for
       | cases where you can display a numeric value / note / etc, but I
       | guess in many cases knobs don't have that and it's some abstract
       | percentage thing instead?
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | This year so much has gone to shit in Apple's OSes (Tahoe and the
       | other version 26 ones) it's unbelievable.
       | 
       | Did some CxO let their brother-in-law's cousin's nephew have a go
       | at managing all the teams? I haven't felt this kind of
       | frustration with an operating system since jumping from the
       | Microsoft ship during Windows 8.
       | 
       | Some basic UI is literally unreadable on the dumbass "glass"
       | implementation. There are blatant rendering bugs and placeholders
       | still in the shipped version, just look at the effing Contacts
       | app. DRM slowdowns have crippled the Music and TV apps so much I
       | literally cancelled my subscription and went back to piracy. I'd
       | post example screenshots but I already wasted enough time just
       | writing this ragecomment.
        
       | putna wrote:
       | sad this attention to details is gone
        
       | putna wrote:
       | sad this attention to details is gone
        
       | som wrote:
       | A circular man proto I put together a little while back
       | https://codepen.io/theprojectsomething/pen/JjmgXrg?editors=0...
        
       | amadeuspagel wrote:
       | I don't find these knobs any less irritating then the knobs in
       | other music software. Sliders are the perfect way to change
       | numbers with a mouse or a touchscreen. I don't understand why
       | music software sticks to a level of skeuomorphism that has been
       | abandoned in every other field.
        
       | ano-ther wrote:
       | The knob is clever and very well emulates a physical knob. That's
       | not a good design for an on-screen one though.
       | 
       | - Going "around the rim" in an arc is difficult both for touch
       | and mouse. Results in jerky motion.
       | 
       | - Defining the direction based on which outer rim I am closer to
       | makes it unpredictable, especially for small knobs.
       | 
       | Best in my opinion is the "click / hold the knob and pull
       | vertically or horizontally with up/right turning to the right.
       | Makes it fast and predictable even with little space like a DAW
       | audio mixer.
        
       | adamauckland wrote:
       | There's a lot of people complaining "Why use knobs?" and a lot
       | more people giving the reason "Because DAWs use them" without
       | explaining why DAWs use them.
       | 
       | First, it's a visual representation of the value, and it's easier
       | to map "Slightly more to the right" than "an extra 0.7"
       | 
       | More importantly, all DAWs can map physical control surfaces to
       | the on-screen knobs, and control surfaces all use knobs and
       | sliders.
       | 
       | For example https://mackie.com/en/products/mixers/onyx-
       | series/Onyx16.htm...
       | 
       | or https://faderfox.de/pc12.html
        
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