[HN Gopher] Does our "need for speed" make our wi-fi suck?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Does our "need for speed" make our wi-fi suck?
        
       Author : jamies
       Score  : 257 points
       Date   : 2025-10-10 18:55 UTC (1 days ago)
        
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       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I did some experimentation with UniFi hubs and came to the
       | conclusion that if you can give each device its own WiFi channel
       | that would be ideal -- contention is that bad and often an
       | uncontended channel with otherwise poor characteristics will beat
       | a contended channel that otherwise looks good.
       | 
       | The other bit of advice that is buried in there that no-one wants
       | to hear for residences is the best way to speed up your Wi-Fi is
       | to _not use it_. You might think it 's convenient to have your TV
       | connect to Netflix via WiFi and it is, but it is going to make
       | everything else that really needs the Wi-Fi slower. It's a _much_
       | better answer to hook up everything on Ethernet that you possibly
       | can than it is to follow the more traveled route of more channels
       | and more congestion with mesh Wi-Fi.
        
         | JoshTriplett wrote:
         | > The other bit of advice that is buried in there that no-one
         | wants to hear for residences is the best way to speed up your
         | Wi-Fi is to not use it. You might think it's convenient to have
         | your TV connect to Netflix via WiFi and it is, but it is going
         | to make everything else that really needs the Wi-Fi slower.
         | It's a much better answer to hook up everything on Ethernet
         | that you possibly can than it is to follow the more traveled
         | route of more channels and more congestion with mesh Wi-Fi.
         | 
         | Absolutely. Everything other than cell phones and laptops-not-
         | at-a-desk should be on Ethernet.
         | 
         | I had wires run in 2020 when I started doing even more video
         | calls. Huge improvement in usability.
        
           | typpilol wrote:
           | The reality is that most people only have a single cord
           | coming into the house
           | 
           | So they would have to do quite a bit of work to run cable.
           | Also people living in apartments that cant just start
           | drilling through walls.
           | 
           | I'd say most ppl use wifi because they have too, not pure
           | convenience
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | Eh flat Ethernet cables can easily be snaked all over with
             | adhesive clips, and if you color match cable/clips/walls,
             | it doesn't look bad.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Visiting museum ships also showed me you can sometimes
               | route cables over living and working spaces.
        
               | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
               | This is what I did. Takes minimal effort and then you
               | never have to worry about it again.
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | Cables routed on visible walls look absolutely terrible.
               | I wish they didn't, but they do.
               | 
               | Yes, it's better if your cable and clips and wall all
               | match, but it still looks bad.
        
               | Citizen8396 wrote:
               | when done right, raceway along (or even behind the)
               | baseboards works nicely
        
               | ericd wrote:
               | Why? Run them along baseboards in the corners, you'll
               | never notice them (or at least we didn't at our last
               | house, white on white).
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | What if you ran the cable on the top of the wall and
               | covered it with crown molding?
        
             | wlesieutre wrote:
             | MoCA adapters are an option if you're already wired for
             | coax
        
               | ellisv wrote:
               | MoCA is how I get Ethernet upstairs. Works great.
        
             | eikenberry wrote:
             | Ethernet cables can be as long as 100meters, long enough to
             | snake around most any apartment. Add on a few rugs to cover
             | over where they'd be tripping hazards and you're all set.
        
               | passivegains wrote:
               | I got good results from running cables around the entire
               | perimeter of a room to avoid crossing doorways. Doesn't
               | work so well on bathrooms though.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I'm pretty tech-addicted, but I've never felt the need
               | for a hard-wired drop in the bathroom.
        
               | xethos wrote:
               | I assumed to get from one side of a doorframe to the
               | other, instead of crossing underneath the door, go around
               | the perimeter of the room the door is for. Which seems
               | like a lot to remove a trip hazard, but I suspect the
               | Wife Approval Factor plays a role
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Oh, bathrooms are [sometimes] easy.
               | 
               | In an apartment I once had, I ran some cat5-ish cable
               | through the back wall of one closet and into another.
               | 
               | In between those closets was a bathroom, with a bathtub.
               | 
               | I fished the cable through the void of the bathtub's
               | internals.
               | 
               | Spanning a space like this is not too hard to do with a
               | tape measure, some cheap fiberglass rods, a metal coat
               | hanger, and an apt helper.
               | 
               | Or these days, a person can replace the helper by
               | plugging a $20 endoscope camera into their pocket
               | supercomputer. They usually come with a hook that can be
               | attached, or different hooks can be fashioned and taped
               | on. It takes patience, but it can go pretty quickly. In
               | my experience, most of the time is spent just trying to
               | wrap one's brain around working in 3 dimensions while
               | seeing through a 2-dimensional endoscope camera that
               | doesn't know which way is up, which is a bit of a
               | mindfuck at first.
               | 
               | Anyway, just use the camera to grab the rod or the ball
               | of string pushed in with the rod or whatever. Worst-case:
               | If a single tiny thread can make it from A to B, then
               | that thread can pull in a somewhat-larger string, and
               | that string can finally pull in a cable.
               | 
               | (Situations vary, but I never heard a word about these
               | little holes in the closets that I left behind when I
               | moved out, just as I also didn't hear anything about any
               | of the other little holes I'd left from things like
               | hanging up artwork or office garb.)
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | the one sort of asterisk I'd put there is that ethernet
               | cable damage is a real risk. Lots of stories of people
               | just replacing cables they have used for a while and
               | seeing improvements.
               | 
               | But if you can pull it off (or even better, move your
               | router closest to the most annoying thing and work from
               | there!), excellent
        
             | GeorgeTirebiter wrote:
             | Mu-MIMO would help. The real problem is that energy between
             | a unit and an AP is not in a pencil-thin RF laser-beam ---
             | it is spread out. Other nodes hear that energy, and back
             | off. If we had better control of point-to-point links, then
             | you could have plenty of bandwidth. It's not as if the
             | photon field cannot hold them all. When we broadcast in all
             | directions, we waste energy, and we cause unnecessary
             | interference to other receivers.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | it was quite a while back but I read some press release
               | about a manufacturer that would make an access point that
               | had mechanically steered directional antennas.
               | Unfortunately I don't think it ever made it to market.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | That can help in one direction, but networks are bi-
               | directional.
               | 
               | No matter how fancy and directive the antenna arrangement
               | may be at the access point end, the other devices that
               | _use_ this access point will be using whatever they have
               | for antennas.
               | 
               | The access point may be able to produce and/or receive
               | one or many signals with arbitrarily-aimed, laser-like
               | precision, but the client devices will still tend to
               | radiate mostly-omnidirectionally -- to the access point,
               | to eachother, and to the rest of the world around them.
               | 
               | The client devices will still hear eachother just fine
               | and will back off when another one nearby is
               | transmitting. The access point cannot help with this, no
               | matter how fanciful it may be.
               | 
               | (Waiting for a clear-enough channel before transmitting
               | is part of the 802.11 specification. That's the Carrier
               | Sense part of CSMA/CA.)
        
             | jdeibele wrote:
             | We downsized from a house built in 1914 with phone jacks
             | everywhere to a house built in 2007 with coax and ethernet
             | ports in every room, some rooms with two.
             | 
             | At the 1914 house, I used ethernet-over-powerline adapters
             | so I could have a second router running in access point
             | mode. The alternative was punching holes in the outside
             | walls since there was no way to feasibly run cabling inside
             | lath-and-plaster walls.
             | 
             | I don't know how 2025 houses are built but I would be
             | surprised if they didn't have an ethernet jack in every
             | room to a wiring closet of some sort. Not sure about coax.
             | 
             | My son has ethernet in his dorm with an ethernet switch so
             | he can connect his video game consoles and TV. I think
             | that's pretty common.
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | _> I don 't know how 2025 houses are built but I would be
               | surprised if they didn't have an ethernet jack in every
               | room to a wiring closet of some sort. Not sure about
               | coax._
               | 
               | Speaking from a US standpoint, it still not common in new
               | construction for ethernet to be deployed in a house. I'm
               | not sure why. It seems like a no-brainer.
               | 
               | Coax is still usually reserved to a couple jacks --
               | usually in the living room and master bedrooms.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | Adding cat5e or cat6 to each room is just a cost.
               | Builders generally compete on cost.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's a cost that doesn't show up on listings. There's a
               | surprising number of ways new US construction sucks that
               | just comes down to how it can be advertised.
        
               | creato wrote:
               | Most people think they can just use WiFi, and most of
               | them are probably right.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | i live in 2003 built house in usa. i have 2 x cat5e and 2
               | x coax (they are bundled together ) coming to outlet in
               | every room. everything goes to (un)structured media
               | enclosure.
        
               | Analemma_ wrote:
               | Powerline Ethernet is a coin toss though. Depending on
               | how many or few shits the last electrician to work on
               | your house gave, it could be great or unusable.
               | Especially if you're in a shared space like an
               | apartment/condo: in theory units are supposed to be
               | sufficiently electrically isolated from each other that
               | powerline is possible; in practice, not so much. I've
               | been in apartments where I plugged in my powerline gear
               | and literally nothing happened: no frames, nothing.
        
               | superkuh wrote:
               | Powerline Ethernet is directly equivalent to littering in
               | the park. By using it you are littering and being a jerk,
               | even if you don't realize it. The FCC only tests such
               | setups in very limited contrived ways. When it comes to
               | actual house wiring the copper wiring is _never_
               | impedance controlled, constantly approaches and leaves
               | large metal objects, etc, so that it is always radiating
               | radio waves. And powerline ethernet is HF ( <30MHz)
               | frequencies so those radio waves travel around the entire
               | earth, ruining a shared medium. Just like littering in a
               | public park is ruining a shared medium.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | > I don't know how 2025 houses are built but I would be
               | surprised if they didn't have an ethernet jack in every
               | room to a wiring closet of some sort. Not sure about
               | coax.
               | 
               | Aye.
               | 
               | Cat5/6/whatever-ish cabling has been both the present and
               | the future for something on the order of 25 years now.
               | It's as much of a no-brainer to build network wiring into
               | a home today as it once was to build telephone and TV
               | wiring into a home. Networking should be part of all new
               | home builds.
               | 
               | And yet: Here in 2025, I'm presently working on a new
               | custom home, wherein we're installing some vaguely-
               | elaborate audio-visual stuff. The company in charge of
               | the LAN/WAN end of things had intended to have the ISP
               | bring fiber WAN into a utility area of the basement (yay
               | fiber!), and put a singular Eeros router/mesh node there,
               | and have that be that.
               | 
               | The rest of the house? More mesh nodes, just wirelessly-
               | connected to eachother. No other installed network wires
               | at all -- in a nicely-finished and fairly opulent house
               | that is owned by a very successful local doctor.
               | 
               | They didn't even understand why we were planning to cable
               | up the televisions and other AV gear that would otherwise
               | be scooping up finite wireless bandwidth from their
               | fixed, hard-mounted locations.
               | 
               | In terms of surprise: Nothing surprises me now.
               | 
               | (In terms of cost: We wound up volunteering to run wiring
               | for the mesh nodes. It will cost us ~nothing on the scale
               | that we're operating at, and we're already installing
               | cabling... and not doing it this way just seems so
               | profoundly dumb.)
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Sheesh. I would expect a high end house to have ceiling
               | mount ethernet jacks for fancy APs in most rooms. At
               | least family room(s) and bedrooms. Very much not worth it
               | to retrofit later in a multistory building, but would be
               | super handy.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Yeah, that first meeting with the other contractors was
               | like walking into bizarro-world.
               | 
               | They (the homeowner) were getting dedicated custom-built
               | single-purpose wall-mounted shelving for each of these
               | Eeros devices, along with dedicated 120V outlets for each
               | of them to provide power.
               | 
               | Now they're still getting that, plus the Ethernet jack
               | that I will be installing on the wall at these locations
               | because that's the extent to which I am empowered to
               | inject sanity.
               | 
               | (Maybe someone down the road will look at it and go
               | "Yeah, that just needs to be a wall-mounted access point
               | with PoE," and remove even more stupid from the things.
               | 
               | Or... not: People are unpredictable and it seems like
               | many home buyers' first task is to rip out and erase as
               | much current-millennia technology as possible, reducing
               | the home to bare walls under a roof, with a kitchen, a
               | shitter, and some light switches and HVAC.)
        
               | dpb001 wrote:
               | We just moved from a 70's-era house where I spent some
               | time with a fish tape running cable to a 2025 three story
               | townhouse (drywall already finished when we purchased).
               | 
               | For some reason the cable service entry is on the third
               | floor in the laundry room. Ethernet and the TV signal
               | cable runs from there to exactly one place, where the TV
               | is expected to be mounted. Nothing in the nice office
               | area on the other side of the wall.
               | 
               | My guess is that the thinking these days is that
               | everyone's on laptops with wifi and hardwired network
               | connections are only of interest for video streaming.
               | Probably right for 99% of purchasers.
        
             | ipython wrote:
             | Well, unless you're multihomed, you'll always only have one
             | cable coming in.
             | 
             | It's what you do with that cable that matters :)
             | 
             | Even the telco provided router/ap combo units usually have
             | a built in switch, so you don't even need another device in
             | most cases.
        
             | stacktraceyo wrote:
             | I wish I could have multiple modems coming into the house
             | using the same provided cable. Why's that not possible?
             | 
             | When I was younger I went and bought a new modem so I could
             | play halo on my Xbox in another room than where my parents
             | had the original modem. Found out then I'd need to pay for
             | each modem.
        
               | arcanemachiner wrote:
               | If you're not sure what a router is, you should probably
               | look that up, because it sounds like you want another
               | router.
        
               | jgeralnik wrote:
               | It actually sounds like they just want a switch
        
               | stacktraceyo wrote:
               | I know what a router is lol. I just was wondering what
               | are the available options to use all the coax connections
               | already in the house so I could connect everything via
               | Ethernet , if you wanted to avoid running Ethernet
               | through the walls or don't want Ethernet cables visible
               | 
               | When I was younger and before WiFi was a thing I naively
               | thought I'd just plug in a new modem.
        
               | arcanemachiner wrote:
               | Makes sense when you put it that way.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | If you have coax, look into MoCA. I have one attic device
               | on a MoCA connection and it runs very well.
        
               | stacktraceyo wrote:
               | How does the age of the copper affect performance. Will
               | look into it thanks.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I don't think age of copper itself matters (assuming it
               | supports TV already), other than what might come along
               | with that.
               | 
               | https://en-
               | us.support.motorola.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/1... will
               | give you some additional info.
               | 
               | My house had quite old (likely 1980s) coax home runs and
               | it worked flawlessly. All I did was change out the entry
               | (root)splitter for one that had a point of entry filter.
               | I'm not sure that was even needed, but it seemed sensible
               | and was not expensive or difficult.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | It will be less the age of the actual cable, and more the
               | standards used when cabled. The largest issue is likely
               | to be splitters behind the wall that limit frequencies
               | passed through.
               | 
               | Usually those can be found in the wall boxes behind the
               | plate - but not always!
               | 
               | These used to be a bane on cable modem installs for
               | apartment complexes, but the situation should generally
               | be better 25 years later...
        
             | StillBored wrote:
             | A lot has changed in the 25 years since gbit wired ethernet
             | was rolled out. While wired ethernet stagnated due to
             | greed.
             | 
             | Got powerlines? Well then you can get gbit+ to a few
             | outlets in your house.
             | 
             | Got old CATV cables? Then you can use them at multiple gbit
             | with MoCA.
             | 
             | Got old phone lines? Then its possible to run ethernet over
             | them with SPE and maybe get a gbit.
             | 
             | And frankly just calling someone who wires houses and
             | getting a quote will tell you if its true. The vast
             | majority of houses arent that hard, even old ones. Attic
             | drops through the walls, cables below in the crawlspace,
             | behind the baseboards. Hell just about every house in the
             | USA had cable/dish at one point, and all they did was nail
             | it to the soffit and punch it right through the walls.
             | 
             | Most people don't need a drop every 6 feet, one near the
             | TV, one in a study, maybe a couple in a closet/ceiling/etc.
             | Then those drops get used to put a little POE 8 port switch
             | in place and drive an AP, TV, whatever.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Got old phone lines? Then its possible to run ethernet
               | over them with SPE and maybe get a gbit.
               | 
               | Depending on the age of the house, there's a chance that
               | phone lines are 4-pair, and you can probably run 1G on
               | 4-pair wire, it's probably at least cat3 if it's 4-pair
               | and _quality_ cat3 that 's not a max length run in dense
               | conduit is likely to do gigE just fine. If it's only two-
               | pair, you can still run 100, but you'll want to either
               | run a managed switch that you can force to 100M or find
               | an unmanaged switch that can't do 1G ... Otherwise you're
               | likely to negotiate to 1G which will fail because of
               | missing pairs.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Gigabit ethernet "requires" 4 pairs of no-less-than cat5.
               | The 100mbps standard that won the race -- 100BASE-TX --
               | also "requires" no-less-than cat5, but only 2 pairs of
               | it.
               | 
               | Either may "work" with cat3, but that's by no means a
               | certainty. The twists are simply not very twisty with
               | cat3 compared to any of its successors...and this does
               | make a difference.
               | 
               | But at least: If gigabit is flaky over a given span of
               | whatever wire, then the connection can be forced to be
               | not-gigabit by eliminating the brown and blue pairs.
               | Neither end will get stuck trying to make a 1000BASE-T
               | connection with only the orange and green pairs being
               | contiguous.
               | 
               | I think I even still have a couple of factory-made
               | cat5-ish patch cords kicking around that feature only 2
               | pairs; the grey patch cord that came with the OG Xbox is
               | one such contrivance. Putting one of these in at either
               | end brings the link down to no more than 100BASE-TX
               | without any additional work.
               | 
               | (Scare quotes intentional, but it may be worth trying if
               | the wire is already there.
               | 
               | Disclaimers: I've made many thousands of terminations of
               | cat3 -- it's nice and fast to work with using things like
               | 66 blocks. I've also spent waaaaay too much time trying
               | to troubleshoot Ethernet networks that had been made with
               | in-situ wiring that wasn't quite cutting the mustard.)
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Neither end will get stuck trying to make a 1000BASE-T
               | connection with only the orange and green pairs being
               | contiguous.
               | 
               | They can get stuck, because negotiation happens on the
               | two original pairs (at 1Mbps), and to-spec negotiation
               | advertises the NIC capabilities and selects the best
               | mutually supported option. Advertising fewer capabilities
               | for retries is not within the spec, but obviously helps a
               | lot with wiring problems.
               | 
               | The key thing with the ethernet wiring requirements is
               | that most of the specs are for 100m of cabling with the
               | bulk of that in a dense conduit with all the other cables
               | running ethernet or similar. Most houses don't have 100m
               | of cabling, and if you're reusing phone cabling, it's
               | almost certainly low density, so you get a lot of margin
               | from that. I wouldn't pull new cat3 for anything (and
               | largely, nobody has since the 90s; my current house was
               | built in 2001, it has cat5e for ethernet and cat5e in
               | blue sheaths for phone), but wire in the wall is worth
               | trying.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | TIL that they can get stuck in no-man's-mand with 2
               | pairs. That seems stupidly-incompatible, and it isn't
               | something I've witnessed myself, but it makes sense that
               | it can happen.
               | 
               | My intent wasn't to dissuade anyone from trying to make
               | existing cat 3 wire work (which I've never encountered in
               | any home, but I've not been everywhere), but to try to
               | set reasonable expectations and offer some workarounds.
               | 
               | If a person has a house that is still full of old 2- or
               | 4-pair wire, and that wire is actually cat3, and is
               | actually home-run (or at least, features aspects that can
               | usefully-intercepted), then they should absolutely give
               | it a fair shot.
               | 
               | I agree that the as a practical matter, the
               | specifications are more guidelines than anything else.
               | 
               | I've also gone beyond 100 meters with fast ethernet (when
               | that was still the most commonly-encountered) and
               | achieved proven-good results: The customer understood the
               | problem very well and wanted to try it, so we did try it,
               | and it was reliable for years and years (until that
               | building got destroyed in a flood).
               | 
               | If the wiring is already present and convenient, then
               | there's no downside other than some time and some small
               | materials cost to giving it a go. Decent-enough
               | termination tools are cheap these days. :)
               | 
               | (Most of the cat3 I've ran has been for controls and
               | voice, not data. Think stuff like jails, with passive,
               | analog intercom stations in every cell, and doors from
               | Southern Steel that operate on relay logic...because that
               | was the style at the time when it was constructed. Cat3,
               | punch blocks, and a sea of cross-connect wire still
               | provides a flexible way to deal with that kind of thing
               | in an existing and rather-impervious building --
               | especially when that building's infrastructure already
               | terminates on 25-pair Amphenols. I'll do it again if I
               | have to, but IP has been the way forward even in that
               | stodgy slow-moving space for a good bit now.)
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | Can confirm on the gigabit because I've got my gigabit
               | internet running over old phone line right now. I'm not
               | sure exactly how long the run is, but it goes to this
               | floor's electrical room where the ONT is housed into a
               | closet in my apartment where it's then spliced into CAT-5
               | to reach the router. I really didn't expect it to work
               | but speed tests report that I'm getting 900+ Mbps.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | Everyone gets one cord coming into the house and into the
             | "master" router. You then branch it out to things you own
             | through switches. The suggestion isn't to pay for multiple
             | internets for each of your equipments.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | And the big one I want to point out, is that this AI stuff
           | has me downloading so many ten gigabyte model files to run
           | them locally that I'm really feeling the lack of speed that
           | my setup has.
        
           | marssaxman wrote:
           | The house I live in was built with ethernet, but of the
           | fourteen outlets the builders saw fit to include, not one is
           | located where we can make use of it. The two devices in our
           | house which use a wired connection are both plugged directly
           | into the switch in our utility closet.
           | 
           | (We do have one internet-connected device which permanently
           | lives about an inch away from one of the ethernet sockets,
           | but it is, ironically, a wifi-only device with no RJ45 port.)
        
             | baby_souffle wrote:
             | > The house I live in was built with ethernet, but of the
             | fourteen outlets the builders saw fit to include, not one
             | is located where we can make use of it.
             | 
             | I had a similar situation a few years back. It was a rental
             | so I didn't have access to the attic let alone permission
             | to do my own drops. It'll depend a _lot_ on your exact
             | setup, but we had reasonably good results with some
             | ethernet-over-power adapters.
        
               | jojomodding wrote:
               | We have them at home as well and they really suck. They
               | lose connection every 20ish minutes at best, and take
               | about 5 to reconnect. Makes Zoom meetings impossible,
               | among other things.
        
               | virtue3 wrote:
               | I've used Ethernet over coax in my current apartment.
               | 
               | It's worked well!
               | 
               | You do need to be a bit careful as coax signal can be
               | shared with neighbors and others sometimes.
        
               | variaga wrote:
               | You can isolate your ethernet over coax from your
               | neighbor with a MoCA POE "point of entry" filter which
               | blocks the frequencies used by MoCA.
               | 
               | You can buy them online for around $10 and they install
               | without tools,
               | 
               | Besides neighbors, you may also need a POE filter if you
               | have certain types of cable modem.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | cable companies require poe filters. if they find that
               | there is some "noise" leaking from your house, they may
               | put a big filter of their own outside, that can degrade
               | speed of modem
        
               | dwood_dev wrote:
               | For PoE you want two networks for the best performance.
               | One for each phase of your mains.
               | 
               | In general they do suck, but they can be pretty decent if
               | you stick them all on one phase, even better if all on
               | the same breaker.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | Powerline Ethernet != PoE (power over Ethernet)
        
               | dwood_dev wrote:
               | Yes, no idea what I was thinking when I typed that. I've
               | used both extensively, in fact this message was sent over
               | a PoE enabled WiFi AP.
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | I used those during covid to get a reliable connection
               | for video calls and it was a huge step up over wifi. The
               | bandwidth was like 1/10th of actual gige, so I got a wire
               | pulled to my office when I went to fibre but there's no
               | question in my mind that decent powerline adaptors are
               | the winner for connection stability.
        
               | Denatonium wrote:
               | Ethernet of powerline adapters a very YMMV situation.
               | Occasionally, it works great for people, but more often
               | than not, the performance is poor and/or unreliable,
               | especially in countries with split-phase 120/240 volt
               | power (where good performance relies on choosing outlets
               | with hots on the same side of the center-tapped neutral.
               | The people who most commonly share success stories with
               | powerline Ethernet are residents of the UK, where houses
               | only have 2 wires coming in from the pole and there's
               | often a ring main system where an entire floor of a house
               | will be on one circuit.
               | 
               | A better solution is repurposing unused 75 coaxial cable
               | with MoCA 2.5 adapters, which will actually give you 1+
               | Gbps symmetrical. The latency is a very consistent 3-4ms,
               | which is negligible. I use Screenbeam (formerly
               | Actiontek) ECB6250 adapters, though they now make a new
               | model, ECB7250, which is identical to the ECB6250 except
               | with 2.5GBASE-T ports instead of 1000BASE-T.
        
               | kbouck wrote:
               | That was my experience too. The experience with powerline
               | ethernet adapters was unbearable on a daily basis.
               | 
               | We had an unused coax (which we disconnected from the
               | outside world) and used MoCA adapters (actiontek) and
               | it's been consistently great/stable. No issues ever...
               | for years.
        
               | topspin wrote:
               | > A better solution is repurposing unused 75 coaxial
               | cable with MoCA 2.5 adapters
               | 
               | I'll second this. MoCA works. You can get MoCA adapters
               | off Ebay or whatnot for cheap: look for Frontier branded
               | FCA252. ~90 MBps with a 1000BASE-T switch in the loop. I
               | see ~3 ms of added latency. I've made point-to-point
               | links exclusively, as opposed to using splitters and
               | putting >2 MoCA adapters on shared medium, but that is
               | supported as well.
        
             | ashdksnndck wrote:
             | Some friends live in a rental that they've decorated well.
             | It wasn't until multiple visits that I realized they had
             | run Ethernet throughout the house.
             | 
             | You can get skinny Ethernet cables that bend easily. If you
             | get some that match your paint, and route them in straight
             | lines, those can be unobtrusive. Use tricks like running
             | the cables along baseboards and other trim pieces. If you
             | really want to minimize the visual impact you can use cable
             | runners and paint over them. The cables are not attention-
             | grabbing compared to furniture or art on the wall.
             | 
             | If you're willing to drill holes (if you terminate the
             | cable yourself, the hole can be narrow), you can pass the
             | cables through walls. If you don't want to drill, you can
             | go under a door.
             | 
             | If you've got fourteen outlets, it seems like there ought
             | to be some solution to get cables everywhere you need.
        
               | jval43 wrote:
               | I did this years ago using the very thin (3mm, round)
               | Unifi Patch Cables in white. Very clean and reliable, and
               | getting 1 Gbit/s without issue.
               | 
               | Another benefit is that I can cram 4 of them inside a
               | single cable runner at the one spot I have to (no space
               | for a switch). Where it's just one cable you run them
               | bare and they look very clean.
               | 
               | The old ones I have are still CAT5e, the newer ones they
               | sell are CAT6 at the same thinness. All unshielded (UTP).
               | 
               | 10/10 would buy again.
        
               | ElijahLynn wrote:
               | Thanks
               | 
               | Here is a link for others who want to know how thin:
               | 
               | https://store.ui.com/us/en/category/accessories-cables-
               | dacs/...
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | Patch cables are meant for connections between equipment,
               | e.g. in a networking cabinet. Cable for the runs between
               | terminal points (like the cabinet's patch panel and a
               | workstation, or your home TV, etc.) is less flexible -
               | more shielded and I think solid core instead of multi-
               | stranded (like twin & Earth vs. flex) - I'm not sure if
               | it's available flat or skinny though.
        
               | jval43 wrote:
               | I know and agree. My point is in a home setting at 1
               | Gigabit you don't really need it. Obviously YMMV.
        
               | econ wrote:
               | I use to wire houses. (Here all wires go in tubes.) The
               | absurdity of not adding a few empty tubes for later use
               | endlessly amazed me.
               | 
               | I think I've done only one house where the owner wanted
               | to be able to put speakers in every corner of every room
               | on every floor with multiple possible locations for his
               | stereo.
               | 
               | Then he wanted multiple cable tv connections per room,
               | multiple sockets for landlines, Ethernet everywhere.
               | 
               | The speaker tube was left empty and a few short distance
               | sockets didn't have wires in them.
               | 
               | It seemed excessive even to me but it isn't actually a
               | lot of work to run 5 tubes in stead of 1. You might add
               | 1-2% to the renovation bill. Even less for a new house.
               | 
               | The end result was wonderful. He could do his chores with
               | music all over the house. Move his TV sofa bed or desk
               | where ever he wanted.
               | 
               | Doing this after the house is finished is more expensive,
               | it takes a lot more work and the result is inferior.
               | 
               | I think nowadays we should have an USB socket next to
               | each power outlet that provides both internet and extra
               | fast charging. In reality I've never even seen such
               | socket.
               | 
               | With a few small updates Android could switch off wifi
               | and mobile networking and seamlessly switch to calling
               | over <s>wifi</s> wired internet when you plug in the
               | charging cable.
               | 
               | Who knows, maybe the mobile phone could even be a first
               | class citizen in the landline network.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > I think nowadays we should have an USB socket next to
               | each power outlet that provides both internet and extra
               | fast charging. In reality I've never even seen such
               | socket.
               | 
               | I've seen power outlets with embedded USB power adapters.
               | I think I've seen usb ethernet adaptets with embedded USB
               | power for like chromecasts and similar. But not both
               | smooshed into the same outlet. It might be problematic
               | because nobody wants to mix low voltage and high voltage
               | together in the wall. But it's technically feasible.
               | 
               | > With a few small updates Android could switch off wifi
               | and mobile networking and seamlessly switch to calling
               | over <s>wifi</s> wired internet when you plug in the
               | charging cable.
               | 
               | I'm not sure you need updates. I think if the adapter
               | exposes as usb cdc-ethernet that would likely work out of
               | the box, and there may be drivers for specific usb nics
               | available as well; I haven't checked, but this is a thing
               | that is used by ChromeCast devices and AndroidTV devices,
               | so it should also work on Android. Seamlessness is maybe
               | in the air, but if it's seamless from wifi to cellular,
               | it should be better going from wired to something else,
               | because wired has an unambigious and timely disconnect
               | signal.
               | 
               | > Who knows, maybe the mobile phone could even be a first
               | class citizen in the landline network.
               | 
               | IMHO there's less value here; the landline network has
               | degraded and there's not really any first class citizens
               | anymore. Few people retain landlines, and those that
               | remain tend to be ATAs in the home; if you care to use
               | that with an android, there's likely better options than
               | interfacing with the analog side.
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | You can lay your own cables, either to the next wall socket
             | or directly to a switch. Flat ethernet cables can be very
             | helpful for hiding and for crossing doorways. Generous
             | "unnecessary" wire length helps with keeping them out of
             | sight.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | Just want to second your suggestion about flat cables.
               | They are great for situations as this.
               | 
               | I'm in an old stone house and currently have flat cables
               | snaked around until I can piggy back on the workers
               | putting in conduit for other things.
        
             | godelski wrote:
             | Rental or do you own?
             | 
             | If you own, you should replace and/or move them. Might
             | sound scary if you've never done this before but it is much
             | easier than you'd think. If you want to make your future
             | life easier I suggest running a PVC pipe (at minimum in the
             | drop down portion). Replacing or adding new cabling will be
             | _much_ easier if you do this so it 's totally worth the few
             | extra bucks and few extra minutes of work. They'll also be
             | less likely to be accidentally damaged (stepping on them,
             | rodents, water damage, etc). I seriously cannot understand
             | why this is not more common practice (leave the pull string
             | in). You might save a few bucks but you sacrifice a lot
             | more than you're saving... (chasing pennies with pounds)
             | 
             | If rental, you could put in an extender. If you're less
             | concerned about aesthetics you can pop the wall place off
             | and directly tie into the existing cable OR run a new one
             | in parallel. If you're willing to donate the replacement
             | wire and don't have access to the attic but do to both ends
             | of the existing cable then you can use one to pull the
             | other through. You could coil the excess wire behind the
             | plate when you reinstall it. But that definitely runs the
             | risk of losing the cable since it might be navigating
             | through a hard corner. If you go that route I'd suggest
             | just asking your landlord. They'd probably be chill about
             | it and might even pay for it.
        
               | silversmith wrote:
               | There are times I do envy people living in stick houses
               | with hollow walls.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Stick houses with hollow walls are cheaper to build
               | (assuming cheap wood) and cheaper to work on. Probably
               | cheaper to maintain too, but not as durable, so it might
               | work out... Otoh, durable isn't great when housing trends
               | have moved on.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > not as durable
               | 
               | Your clearly don't live in an earthquake prone area.
               | 
               | I do. But given how cheapskate New Zealand is, I'm 100%
               | sure that we would build in stone and brick if it was
               | cheaper.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | I do live on the west coast of the US. Unreinforced
               | masonry doesn't do well in earthquakes, but reinforced
               | masonry or concrete is probably more durable. I've got 25
               | year old wood siding, and it might make it to 30, but
               | there's no way it'll be in reasonable shape at 40. It
               | probably won't be too expensive to replace though.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Probably another great example of chasing pennies with
               | pounds. {re,green,pink}bar is really cheap. Yes, it's
               | more expensive but only 10-20% more. It's an upfront cost
               | that that saves you tons of damage, which costs money
               | too! Even more when you put off repair.
               | 
               | It's incredible how people do not understand boot
               | theory... which seems to be something most people know
               | but don't employ in practice
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boots_theory
        
               | applied_heat wrote:
               | My wood siding is original cedar that has been painted
               | several times since 1970s when house was built ... I
               | haven't considered it not lasting indefinitely
        
               | jandrewrogers wrote:
               | Much more durable in an earthquake though, which is
               | important in places like the US where half the country is
               | a serious seismic hazard zone. In many locales only wood
               | or steel framing is allowed because historically stone
               | and concrete construction collapsed due to the strength
               | of the earthquakes.
        
               | hvb2 wrote:
               | Until it gets cold outside and you need to heat them, or
               | cool then obviously
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | I live in a brick house where only half of the walls are
               | hollow. Bringing Ethernet wires to a few critical areas
               | and putting small surface-mount RJ-45 sockets was not
               | _that_ hard.
               | 
               | Of course, some thin raceways can be seen somewhere along
               | the baseboard. It does not look terrible, and is barely
               | noticeable.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Fibre is good for getting to hard-to-reach places.
               | 
               | But the slope is slippery. If you're doing fibre, you
               | might as well do 10gbe.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | there are baseboards with build in raceways. installing
               | some right now
        
               | hopelite wrote:
               | Molding is your friend to create and hide channels, and
               | it will make your place look more sophisticated than just
               | the cube cave it is, my cave man friend.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Install a veneer
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | > If you want to make your future life easier I suggest
               | running a PVC pipe (at minimum in the drop down portion).
               | Replacing or adding new cabling will be much easier if
               | you do this so it's totally worth the few extra bucks and
               | few extra minutes of work.
               | 
               | I'm trying to understand how removing an entire sheet of
               | gypsum (or cutting a 6" by 8' channel) and installing an
               | empty PVC raceway is 'a few extra minutes of work'.
               | Installing the PVC might be, but you're looking at hours
               | of work over multiple days to replace the drywall and
               | refinish the wall.
               | 
               | Raceways are unnecessary in stick built houses if you
               | have a fish stick and fish tape. If you're building a new
               | house, then sure, install 1" EMT as raceway for Cat6A
               | before putting up the drywall.
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | > I'm trying to understand how removing an entire sheet
               | of gypsum
               | 
               | This is a fixed task. Required if you install the conduit
               | or not. You have to cut the wall to make the port. If you
               | have the port you can just use a slightly longer conduit,
               | brace it where you can reach, and oh no you need an extra
               | 2" of cable?                 > Raceways are unnecessary
               | in stick built houses
               | 
               | Your mental model is too naive. Have you done this
               | before? Have you then replaced it or added additional
               | lines?
               | 
               | The conduit makes all that easier, and provides the
               | additional protection that I discussed. By having a
               | conduit you're far less likely to get snagged on
               | something while fishing the lines. You can stop hard
               | corners that strip your cables while pulling on them.
               | It's also a million times easier to see while you're
               | chasing those cables. Sure, your house is a framing with
               | wood but you still have insulation and who likes icy
               | hands?
               | 
               | Really, think about it. What is the cost _now_ compared
               | to the _future_?
               | 
               | Is an additional 10 or let's even say a crazy 50%
               | additional work _now_ really that costly when you have to
               | do the whole thing again in the future? And multiple
               | times? It 's a no brainier lol. Definition of chasing
               | pennies with pounds. Just be nice to your future self. Be
               | lazy long term, not lazy short term because lazy short
               | term requires more work
        
             | 1718627440 wrote:
             | You know about Ethernet over power lines right?
        
           | CoolGuySteve wrote:
           | It depends on your wiring but I've had pretty good success
           | with AV2000 powerline ethernet. I get about 400Mbps and a
           | _reliable_ 2ms ping which is good enough for gaming and
           | streaming from my media center.
           | 
           | The endpoint in my living room also has a wifi AP so signal
           | is pretty good for laptops and whatnot.
           | 
           | In NYC every channel is congested, I can see like 25 access
           | points at any time and half are poorly configured. Any wired
           | medium is better than the air, I could probably propagate a
           | signal through the drywall that's more reliable than wifi
           | here.
           | 
           | So having something I can just plug into the wall is pretty
           | nice compared to running cables even if it's a fraction of
           | gigE standards.
        
           | kindacuriouzzx wrote:
           | Does this advice still hold true for Internet that is
           | provided through power sockets in the house?
        
             | hylaride wrote:
             | If you live in a dense area with lots of APs and regularly
             | get performance issues, power line networking will provide
             | excellent ~400Mbps connections that are more than adequate
             | for things like video calls unless your power cables are
             | ancient or under-spec'd (some older houses can sometimes
             | have lower gauge cables that may not perform as well and I
             | imagine some knob and tube setups are not ideal for data
             | transfer, either).
             | 
             | If you have newer clients that support it, Wifi
             | 6E/7/802.11ax (or whatever it's called) uses the 6GHz
             | spectrum that isn't as heavily used (yet). I've had good
             | success with it in my multi-unit apartment condo (feels as
             | clean as 5GHz did ~2010). Some higher end APs can also use
             | multi-antenna beams that can help, too.
        
           | b3lvedere wrote:
           | When i bought my house i was very pleasantly surprised the
           | previous owners had installed pvc pipes from corner to corner
           | (so at least three connnections per corner) when they
           | installed floor heating. It made installing ethernet and
           | speaker cables everywhere i needed so much easier. Should i
           | ever require more than 1Gbit i could easily replace it for
           | fast fiber cables.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I was mostly wired throughout the house. But with the smoke
           | mitigation after a kitchen fire, pretty much all the hard
           | wiring for both audio and Ethernet is gone or hopelessly
           | messed up. There's no way I'll spend the time and effort to
           | redo everything at this point.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Ethernet pretty much sucks and has not improved substantially
         | in consumer devices since the previous century. It also has
         | pretty severe idle power consumption consequences for PCs,
         | unless you are an expert who goes around fixing that.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | You still get the best speeds over ethernet today because of
           | how wifi standards are slow walked, both on the router and
           | the device connected with the router. Ethernet standards are
           | slow walked too of course but we are talking slow walking a
           | 2.5g or 10g connection here, even otherwise crappy hardware
           | is likely to have 1g ethernet and it's been that way for at
           | least 10 or 15 years.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | If you want to transfer the contents of your old mac to
             | your new mac, your best options in order of speed are 1)
             | thunderbolt, 2) wifi, and 3) ethernet. You do not, in any
             | sense, get "the best speeds" from ethernet. The market
             | penetration of greater-than-1gb wired networks in consumer
             | devices is practically nothing.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | I have all 2.5gbit at home with some 10gbit SFP copper
               | connections, it wasn't particularly difficult. The
               | devices with built-in Ethernet ports are all gigabit of
               | course, but the ones with USB-C ports have 2.5gbit
               | adapters.
               | 
               | I could go to 10gbit but the Thunderbolt adapters for
               | those all have fans.
        
               | pbronez wrote:
               | If you're the kind of person who wants better than
               | gigabit Ethernet, it's very available. 2.5Gbe is just a
               | USB adapter away. Mac Studio comes with 10GbE. Unifi
               | networking gives you managed multi-gig and plenty of
               | others do unmanaged multigig at affordable prices. Piles
               | of consumer NAS support multigig.
               | 
               | I think this market is driven by content creators. Lots
               | of prosumers shoot terabytes of video on a weekly basis.
               | Local NAS are essential and multi-gig local networks
               | dramatically improve the editing experience.
        
               | kulahan wrote:
               | brb ima turn on my microwave halfway through your
               | transfer
        
               | bobbiechen wrote:
               | To this day I expect my wifi to drop whenever I hear a
               | microwave, thanks to the one in my parents house:
               | https://digitalseams.com/blog/microwave-ovens-wi-fi-and-
               | http
        
               | bornfreddy wrote:
               | Shouldn't such microwaves be decommissioned? I would
               | assume that microwaves that are not properly shielded are
               | dangerous to people in their vicinity?
        
               | chrneu wrote:
               | or a single shitty wifi chipset in your network thanks to
               | a cheap iot device.
               | 
               | Wifi is garbage. This person has no idea what they're
               | talking about. It sounds like they read a blog post like
               | 5 years ago and stuck with it cuz it's an edgy take.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Yes, me and the other literally billions of people who do
               | not use wired Ethernet to their TV are just parroting an
               | old blog. The OP who says Ethernet is an absolute
               | requirement for Netflix is clearly correct. You sure got
               | me.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Yes thunderbolt is best but look at costs. Apple is
               | selling a 4ft cable for $130. I have a ton of random cat
               | 5e and cat 6 and they go for a couple dollars.
               | 
               | Now lets talk about my actual "old mac" and "new mac" Mid
               | 2012 mbp and my m3 pro. The 2012 only can do 802.11n so
               | not gigabit speeds. It does have a gigabit ethernet
               | however.
               | 
               | Even if I was going m3 pro to m3 pro, I'm only getting
               | full wifi 6e speeds if I actually have a router that
               | makes use of 160hz channels. My router can't. It is hard
               | to even gleam router offerings to see which are offering
               | proper wifi 6 because there are like dozens of skus sold
               | even to different stores from the same brand getting
               | slightly different skus. Afaik my mac does not support
               | 160hz wifi 6 either.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | A 4ft USB 4 cable is $30. That's more bandwidth per
               | dollar than an Ethernet cable. Thunderbolt cables aren't
               | cost prohibitive any more (though the devices at either
               | end are still very expensive).
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | This is so insanely wrong that I almost feel like we're
               | being trolled. Yes, a direct Thunderbolt connection would
               | be best. Failing that, a guaranteed 1Gb Ethernet
               | connection, which is ubiquitous and dirt cheap, and has
               | latency measured in microseconds, is going to wipe the
               | floor with real-world Wi-Fi 7 speeds. And for what you'd
               | pay for end-to-end Wi-Fi 7 compatible gear, you could be
               | using 10Gb Ethernet, which is in a different league of
               | stability and actual observed throughput compared to
               | anything wireless.
               | 
               | I have Firewalla Wi-Fi 7 APs connected via 10Gb Ethernet
               | to my router. They're brilliant, very expensive, very
               | high quality devices. I use them only for devices which I
               | can't hardwired, because even 1Gb Ethernet smokes them in
               | actual real-world use.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | > wipe the floor with real-world Wi-Fi 7 speeds.
               | 
               | I see that you have never tried this. By the way, Mac
               | Migration Assistant doesn't need Wi-Fi infrastructure at
               | all.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | Sure have, within the last 2 weeks when I helped a
               | coworker migrate to a new machine! Both were November
               | 2024 MacBook Pros, so Apple's current top-of-the-line
               | laptops.
               | 
               | Running over Wi-Fi dragged on interminably and we gave up
               | several hours in. When we scrounged up a could of USB
               | Ethernet dongles and started over, it took about an hour.
               | 
               | So yeah, my own personal experience confirms exactly what
               | I'd expect: Wi-Fi is slow and high-latency compared to
               | Ethernet, and you should always use hardwired connections
               | when you care about stability and performance more than
               | portability. By all means, use Wi-Fi for routine laptop
               | mobility. If you have the option, definitely run a cable
               | to your stationary desktop computers, game consoles, set-
               | top boxes, NASes, and everything else within reach of a
               | switch.
        
               | tass wrote:
               | My isp-supplied router had 10gbe on both wan and lan
               | sides. I swapped it for my own, but that is what modern
               | consumer equipment looks like.
               | 
               | You can find a 2 port 10gbe+4 port 2.5gbe switch for just
               | over $30 on Amazon.
               | 
               | If the run isn't too long this can all run over cat5.
               | Handily beats wifi especially for reliability but
               | Thunderbolt is fastest if you only have 2 machines to
               | link.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | I have a U7 Pro XGS hooked up to a Pro HD 24 POE switch
               | (all 2.5gb ports or faster).
               | 
               | The only way I've managed to convince _any_ Wifi 7 client
               | to exceed 1gbps is by freshly connecting to it over 6ghz
               | while standing physically within arm 's reach of the AP.
               | That's it. That's the only time it can exceed 1gbps.
               | 
               | In all other scenarios it's well under 1gbps, often more
               | like 300-500mbps. Which is great for wifi, but still
               | quite below the cheapest ethernet ports around. And 6ghz
               | client behavior across OS's (Windows, MacOS, iOS, and
               | Android) is _so bad_ at roaming that I actually end up
               | just disabling it entirely. The only thing it can do is
               | generate bragging rights screenshots, in actual use it 's
               | basically entirely DOA.
               | 
               | And that's ignoring that ~$200 N150 NUCs come with
               | 2.5gbps ethernet now.
        
               | tass wrote:
               | I'm with you on 6ghz wifi disappointment. My phone does
               | well with it since it supports MLO but my macbook will
               | refuse to roam away from 6ghz until it's close to
               | unusable.
        
           | tryauuum wrote:
           | even with 1Gbit/s ethernet, measure latency. It will be
           | smaller and more predictable than any wifi you can have.
        
           | p_j_w wrote:
           | >Ethernet [...] has not improved substantially in consumer
           | devices since the previous century.
           | 
           | We've gone from 100 Mbps being standard consumer level to 2.5
           | or 10 Gbps being standard now. That sounds substantial to me.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | There is not any meaningful sense in which 2.5gb ethernet
             | is "standard". There are no TVs with 2.5gb ethernet ports.
             | Or even 1gb ports. Yet they all have WiFi 5 or better.
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | In practical terms, WiFi 5 is slower than 1gb Ethernet.
               | 
               | It is bizarre that they are putting 100mbps Ethernet
               | ports on TVs though.
        
               | baby_souffle wrote:
               | > It is bizarre that they are putting 100mbps Ethernet
               | ports on TVs though.
               | 
               | It's a few pennies cheaper and i'm sure they have some
               | data showing 70%+ will just use WiFi. TCL in particular
               | doesn't even have very good/stable drivers for their
               | 10/100 NIC; there's a ton of people on the Home Assistant
               | forums that have noticed that their android powered smart
               | TV will just ... stop working / responding on the network
               | until it's rebooted.
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | I'm sure you're right, but the fact that it's almost
               | certainly literal pennies makes it very lame. Lack of
               | stable drivers is also ridiculous given how long gbps
               | Ethernet has been around.
        
               | kiwijamo wrote:
               | No video streams out there uses over 100mbits so makes
               | sense.
        
               | dpark wrote:
               | I've read that 8k streams can exceed 100mbps. I have not
               | dig very far into that though since I don't have an 8k tv
               | or any 8k sources.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | Streaming services are extremely compressed. Netflix only
               | recommendeds 15mbps for 4k, even. A naive straight
               | quadrupling of that for 8k is only 60mbps, and in reality
               | they'll just dial up the compression anyway and probably
               | use a 30mbps stream.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > It is bizarre that they are putting 100mbps Ethernet
               | ports on TVs though.
               | 
               | It's not that bizarre. About the only media one might
               | have access to that is above 100mbps is 4k blu-ray rips
               | which can hit peaks above 100m; but TVs don't really
               | cater to that. They're really trying to be your conduit
               | to commercial streaming services which do not encode at
               | that high of a bitrate (and even if they did, would
               | gracefully degrade to 100Mbps). And then you can save on
               | transformers for the two pairs that are unused for
               | 100base-tx.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Home user CPE we install have multiple 2.5G Ethernet
               | ports.
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | 2.5GbE only started gaining steam when cheap Realtek
               | chips became available (especially since the Intel chips
               | that were on the market earlier were buggy). Those have
               | been adopted by almost all desktop motherboards now on
               | the market, and most laptops that still have Ethernet.
               | Embedded systems are lagging because they're _always_
               | behind technologically and because they have longer
               | design cycles, but it 's pretty clear that most devices
               | _designed_ in the last year or two are moving beyond 1GbE
               | and 2.5GbE will be the new baseline going forward.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | 10G Ethernet is not quite that common yet, but should
             | become very common soon:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44071701
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | They exaggerated a little bit on the timeline. But 20+
             | years ago 1gbps became standard, and today there are signs
             | of change but 1gbps is still standard.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | Compared to what?
        
           | chrneu wrote:
           | Ethernet will usually hit hardware limits of your HDD or SSD
           | before it actually maxes out. 1gb ethernet is better than
           | wifi in 99% of cases because wifi in the real world is pretty
           | bad, even with modern standards. Why else do they have to
           | continually revamp the standards to get around congestion and
           | roaming issues? Cuz wifi is garbage in the real world.
           | Ethernet = Very little jitter, latency, or packet loss. Wifi
           | = Tons of jitter, latency and packet loss.
           | 
           | Your take is really weird and doesn't represent the real
           | world. What blog did you read this on and why haven't you
           | bothered to attack that obviously wrong stance?
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | This is the most ridiculous lie in the thread. An ethernet
             | link that can barely keep up with a $150 SSD costs $1250
             | per switch port, and needs a $1200 NIC and can go only 3m
             | over copper before you need a $1000+ optic assembly. There
             | is nobody with an ethernet setup in their home that outruns
             | consumer-grade SSDs. "Ethernet is limited by SSDs" is a
             | Charlie's Hoes level of wrong.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | Yes even an HDD can keep up with 1GbE.
               | 
               | But if you actually want your Ethernet to be similar
               | speed to your SSD, you don't need to spend that much. Get
               | some used gear.
               | 
               | 32 port 40GbE switch (Dell S6000) $210 used
               | 
               | Dual port 40GbE NIC (Mellanox MCX354A-FCCT) $31 used
               | 
               | 40GbE DAC 1 meter new price $22 _or_ 40GbE optics from
               | FS.com (QSFP-SR4-40G) $43 new + MMF fiber cable
               | 
               | Of course, that's probably not going to be very power
               | efficient for home use - 32 port switch and probably only
               | connecting a handful of devices at most.
        
         | avree wrote:
         | Unfortunately, Unifi only supports DFS channels (which is the
         | only real way for 'each device to have its own wifi channel in
         | a crowded area) on some of their models.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | What unifi AP doesn't support DFS?
           | 
           | Sometimes DFS certification comes after general device
           | approval, but I'm not aware of any that just flat out doesn't
           | support it. It supported it 10+ years ago.
        
             | varenc wrote:
             | Yea I've had all sorts of UniFi gear and have never seen an
             | access point that only works on DFS channels. That'd make
             | no sense and their admin software actively discourages DFS
             | channel selection.
             | 
             | I'd guess OP might be trying to use 160mhz channel width on
             | 5ghz band, which will only work on DFS channels though. I
             | wouldn't recommend 160mhz channel width unless you have a
             | very quiet RF environment and peak speed is very important
             | to you. Also I've found it hard to get clients to actually
             | use the full 160mhz width on a network configured this way.
        
         | mlinhares wrote:
         | Yeah, we built our home and i made sure whenever there would be
         | devices on the wall there was an ethernet cable there, best
         | decision ever.
        
         | GeorgeTirebiter wrote:
         | yes, and... convenience says 'use WiFi'. No wires! I've said,
         | if it moves - wireless. If it doesn't -- wired. Counterexamples
         | that 'work': AM / FM / TV / Paging big transmitters to
         | simple/cheap receivers. For the 1-way case, that works. But for
         | 2-way....
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | There are two kinds of networks: wireless networks and reliable
         | networks.
         | 
         | Wired connection is an absolute hack.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | I hear people say this often, but when you look into what
           | they actually mean, it's often a comparison of having a
           | single mediocre ISP CPE in a corner of an apartment, at most
           | with a wireless repeater in another, vs. Ethernet. Of course
           | the wire wins in that comparison.
           | 
           | Now put an access point into every room and wire them to the
           | router, and things start looking very differently.
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | Lmao.
           | 
           | People say this until it takes 3 days to restore a fibre cut,
           | when the wireless guys just work around the problem with
           | replacement radios etc.
           | 
           | Issue with Wireless is usually the wireless operator. And
           | most of them do work hard to give wireless a bad rep.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Where I live we have what seems like an unusual amount of
             | fiber cuts... whenever the cable company or the phone
             | company fiber is cut, at least one of the major wireless
             | networks is offline too; _maybe_ calls work, but data doesn
             | 't. They could potentially restore service through wireless
             | backhaul, but they don't. They also rely on utility power
             | and utility power outages longer than about 4 hours mean
             | towers are going to turn off.
        
               | protocolture wrote:
               | Yeah sounds very true.
               | 
               | I am aware of a datacentre, whose principal fibre bundle
               | transits a fast tracked development area where theres
               | always construction and always fibre cuts.
               | 
               | I am also aware of a wireless backhaul path with close to
               | 2 weeks battery backup, running entirely off of solar.
               | They only truckroll of they get consistent bad weather.
               | 
               | I used to maintain an absolutely perfect 25km link that
               | only went offline due to wind twisting the mast the radio
               | was mounted on.
               | 
               | I also have maintained an absolute dogs breakfast of a
               | network where customers frequently lost connection. Like
               | daily.
               | 
               | I had one fibre link supporting 1000 customers or so,
               | that the provider admitted had so many joins they could
               | scarcely maintain it. And to add insult to that injury,
               | they mislaid the service id, and would always take an
               | adjacent service offline while troubleshooting it.
               | 
               | The technology is rarely the problem, its the
               | implementation.
        
         | ipython wrote:
         | > the best way to speed up your Wi-Fi is to not use it.
         | 
         | So true!
         | 
         | Other tips I've found useful:
         | 
         | Separate 2.4ghz network for only IoT devices. They tend to have
         | terrible WiFi chipsets and use older WiFi standards. Slower
         | speed = more airtime used for the same amount of data. This way
         | the "slow" IoT devices don't interfere with your faster devices
         | which...
         | 
         | Faster devices such as laptops and phones belong on 5ghz only
         | network, if you're able to get enough coverage. Prefer wired
         | backhaul and more access points, as you're better off with a
         | device talking on another channel to an ap closer to it rather
         | than tieing up airtime with lots of retries to a far away ap
         | (which impacts all the other clients also trying to talk to
         | that ap)
         | 
         | WiFi is super solid at our house but it took some tweaking and
         | wiring everything that doesn't move.
        
           | vitaflo wrote:
           | Solid idea and something I should work towards. We have
           | Ethernet drops in every room but you're right about IoT
           | devices. Now I have some more planning to do.
        
             | kiney wrote:
             | skip wifi and use zigbee for IoT where possible.
        
           | chrneu wrote:
           | Absolutely. Your IoT devices should be on their own 2.4ghz
           | network running on a specific channel to isolate them. You
           | should also firewall these devices pretty heavily on their
           | own router.
           | 
           | The only devices on wifi should be cell phones and laptops if
           | they can't be plugged in. Everything else, including TVs,
           | should be ethernet.
           | 
           | When I moved into my last house with roommates their network
           | was gaaarbage cuz everything was running off the same router.
           | The 2.4ghz congestion slowed the 5ghz connections because the
           | router was having to deal with so much 2.4ghz noise.
           | 
           | A good way of thinking about it is that every 2.4ghz device
           | you add onto a network will slow all the other devices by a
           | small amount. This compounds as you add more devices. So
           | those smart lights? Yeaaahh
        
             | drnick1 wrote:
             | My advice would be NOT to connect any kind of TV to the
             | Internet. They have microphones and sometimes cameras, and
             | are a huge privacy risk.
        
               | bdangubic wrote:
               | so does your phone :)
        
               | drnick1 wrote:
               | Yes, but unlike TVs, my phone runs free software
               | (Graphene) and is free of the spyware "smart" TVs are
               | known for.
        
               | whatevaa wrote:
               | Most people don't run Graphene so point stands.
        
               | drnick1 wrote:
               | Most people don't know that Big Tech is extracting data
               | from them on a massive scale. It's up to us, the "tech
               | people," to educate the people and show them alternatives
               | like Graphene. As for the TV, my advice is not to connect
               | it to the internet. If you need to stream something, hook
               | up a laptop or dedicated device to the TV.
        
               | hvb2 wrote:
               | This is where regulation comes in. For the TV makers.
               | Things should be secure by default and come with fines if
               | they aren't.
               | 
               | As for the extracting of data, yes that happens on a
               | massive scale. In free products that no one is forced to
               | use. And I would argue that, by now, almost everyone
               | should know that comes at a price, it's just not monetary
               | to the user. At that point it's a choice people make and
               | should be allowed to make.
        
               | franga2000 wrote:
               | The "it spies on you because it's free" thing hasn't been
               | true for many years now. TVs that cost almost a grand
               | still spy on you, as do cars that cost tens of thousands.
               | Youtube/Netflix/Spotify/... still spy on you even if you
               | pay for the premium/whatever tier.
               | 
               | If something is free, you're the product. But if it isn't
               | free, you're paying to be the product.
        
               | inkyoto wrote:
               | If one must forgo the comfort of complete isolation from
               | the vulgarities of contemporary media and visual
               | indulgence - an unwise choice, yet one that many appear
               | compelled to make - then prudence demands mitigation
               | rather than surrender.
               | 
               | A measured compromise would entail the meticulous
               | profiling of the TV's network traffic, followed by the
               | imposition of complete blocking at the DNS level (via Pi-
               | hole, NextDNS and alike) first, whilst blacklisting the
               | outgoing CIDR's on the router itself at the same time.
               | 
               | This course of action shall not eliminate the privacy
               | invasion risk in its entirety - for a mere firmware
               | update may well redirect the TV traffic to novel hosts -
               | yet it shall transform a reckless exposure into a
               | calculated and therefore manageable risk.
        
               | ipython wrote:
               | I don't connect my TVs to the Internet; instead I hook up
               | Apple TVs to an HDMI port and just use the TV as God
               | intended - as a dumb display device. The Apple TV is
               | connected to the Internet and functions as my portal to,
               | as you say, the vulgarities of contemporary media and
               | visual indulgence. Without the downsides of buggy and
               | spyware ridden TV firmware.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | > When I moved into my last house with roommates their
             | network was gaaarbage cuz everything was running off the
             | same router. The 2.4ghz congestion slowed the 5ghz
             | connections because the router was having to deal with so
             | much 2.4ghz noise.
             | 
             | I don't know why you're saying, a 2.4 GHz device should not
             | interfere with 5 GHz channels unless it's somehow emits
             | some harmonics, which would most definitely make i
             | noncompliant with various FC standards. Or do you mean the
             | modem was so crappy it couldn't deal with processing noisy
             | 2.4 GHz channels at the same time as 5GHz ones? That might
             | be true, but I would assume the modems would run completely
             | different DSP chains on different asics, so this would be
             | surprising.
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | > do you mean the modem was so crappy > but I would
               | assume the modems
               | 
               | Your assumption is sometimes incorrect as cheap devices
               | can share some RF front end. Also apparently resource
               | contention can also occur due to CPU, thermal, and memory
               | issues.
               | 
               | https://chatgpt.com/share/68e9d2ee-01a4-8004-b27b-01e9083
               | f7e... (Note that Prof is one "character" I have defined
               | in the prompt customisation)
               | 
               | Or:
               | 
               | https://g.co/gemini/share/1e8d55831809
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | Ah, splendid. I'm so glad that you have come before me
               | today to present this bot's confounding quandary, and I
               | receive it with tremendous glee.
               | 
               | Please allow me to proffer the following retort: The
               | answer to having a shitty, incapable router is to use one
               | that is not shitty, and is capable.
               | 
               | (The routing-bits have no clue what RF spectrum is being
               | utilized, and never have. They just deal with packets.
               | The packets are all shaped the same way regardless of the
               | physical interface on which they arrive, or which they
               | are destined for.)
        
               | robocat wrote:
               | There's no need to be rude.
               | 
               | cycomanic knows stuff but their answer was basically
               | contradicting chrneu, which nobody likes. It is
               | counterintuitive to me (and I'm guessing cycomanic too)
               | that the different bands should interact so much.
               | 
               | The AI answers passed my shit-detector... And I think it
               | is the same as trying to be helpful but providing a
               | search link in the past. Other HN users can make their
               | own decision about reading the prompt or reply (although
               | using links does make me wonder about cross account
               | tracking and doxing myself).
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | The false supposition built into the question asked of
               | the bot combined with the resulting answer to the bad
               | question result in the whole thing being -- at very best
               | -- a boondoggle of a red herring.
               | 
               | It's all quite well-worded, and yet is still completely
               | unrelated to what is being discussed.
               | 
               | Real people: "Hey, let's talk about networks!"
               | 
               | Eventually: "Cool, I like networks! Did you know that
               | down is actually up, and up is actually down? In fact, I
               | asked a sycophant bot to demonstrate this fiction with
               | its wily words, and it did so with with wonderful
               | articulation. Here's a link!"
               | 
               | Having tolerance towards this kind of make-believe anti-
               | truth is not something that I would consider to be a
               | healthy human function. Especially when this nonsense has
               | deflected through a third party that is completely absent
               | from the discourse and isolated from the context, such as
               | a sycophant bot, and particularly so when there's an
               | implied appeal to authority for that absent third party.
               | 
               | (I have no intention of considering whether this kind of
               | action is deliberate or not. I simply recognize this move
               | for how consistently successful it is at poisoning a
               | discussion amongst a group of people.)
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | If you were to ask me, a person, the following question:
               | 
               | > "What is the most likely reason that a cheap router/AP
               | would slow down servicing clients on 5GHz when also
               | servicing clients on a congested 2.4GHz spectrum"
               | 
               | ...then I would not have responded to that question with
               | a single confidently-stated and presumptive answer, but
               | instead by opening a dialogue.
               | 
               | And I would begin this dialogue by asking about the
               | reasons that lead you to believe that this would ever be
               | true in the first place.
               | 
               | (But that's not the path that was chosen here.)
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | That's sounds like a good concept: I'm no stranger to cheap
           | IoT devices chewing up local 2.4GHz bandwidth with chatter
           | and I have a _lot_ of that going on. But does it matter in
           | 2025?
           | 
           | As a broad concept: Ever since my last Sonos device [that
           | they didn't deliberately brick] died, I don't have any even
           | vaguely bandwidth-intensive devices left in my world that are
           | 2.4GHz-only.
           | 
           | Whatever laptop I have this year prefers the 5GHz network,
           | and has for 20 years. My phone, whatever it is today, does as
           | well and has for 15 years. My CCwGTV Chromecast would also
           | prefer hanging out on the 5GHz network if it weren't plugged
           | into the $12 ethernet switch behind the TV.
           | 
           | Even things like the Google Home Mini speakers that I buy on
           | the used market for $10 or $15 seem to prefer using 5GHz
           | 802.11ac, and do so at a reasonably-quick (read: low-airtime)
           | modulation rate.
           | 
           | The only time I spend with my phone or tablet or whatever on
           | the singular 2.4GHz network I have is when I'm at the edge of
           | what I can reach with my access points -- like, when I visit
           | the neighbors or something, where range is more important
           | than speed and 2.4GHz tends to go a wee bit further.
           | 
           | So the only things I have left in normal use that requires a
           | 2.4GHz network are IoT things like smart plugs and light
           | bulbs and other small stuff like my own little ESP/Pi Zero W
           | projects that require so little bandwidth that the contention
           | doesn't matter. (I mean... the ye olde Wii console and PSP
           | handheld only do 2.4GHz, but they don't have much to talk
           | about on the network anymore and never really did even in the
           | best of times.)
           | 
           | It's difficult to imagine that others' wifi devices aren't in
           | similar form, because there's just not much stuff left out
           | there in the world that's both not IoT and that can't talk at
           | 5GHz.
           | 
           | I can see some merit to having a separate IoT VLAN with its
           | own SSID where that's appropriate (just to prevent their
           | little IoT fingers from ever reaching out to the rest of the
           | stuff on my LAN and discovering how insecure it may be), but
           | that's a side-trip from your suggestion wherein the impetus
           | is just logical isolation -- not spectral isolation.
           | 
           | So yes, of course: Build out a robust wireless network. Make
           | it awesome -- and use it for stuff.
           | 
           | But unless I'm missing something, it sounds like building two
           | separate-but-parallel 2.4GHz networks is just an exercise in
           | solving a problem that hasn't really existed for a number of
           | years.
        
             | ipython wrote:
             | There is no non-IoT 2.4ghz network in my design. All "fast"
             | devices are on a 5ghz only network. The only 2.4ghz network
             | is dedicated to IoT devices. This also eliminates the need
             | for devices to hunt and roam between 5ghz and 2.4ghz
             | unnecessarily. Just need to balance tx power to make sure
             | the 5ghz handoffs are as smooth as possible between APs.
        
             | bxparks wrote:
             | You are lucky. In 2025 I have to run most of my 20-30 wifi
             | devices on 2.4 GHz because 5 GHz won't penetrate the walls
             | in my house, especially diagonally.
             | 
             | My dev laptop is about 10 m (30 ft) away from the wifi
             | access point, but goes through about 6 walls diagonally,
             | due to some weird layout, and 2.4 GHz is way faster.
             | 
             | The house has some thick walls.
             | 
             | Same with phones. As soon as I'm in a different room, 2.4
             | GHz is faster. So I just keep things on 2.4.
             | 
             | Yeah, I've been planning to wire the house with Cat-6 into
             | every room and add some access points. It's been on the
             | backlog for 6 years..
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | I've lived in houses like that.
               | 
               | My last house, which was rather small (by midwestern
               | American standards, anyway) had some interior walls that
               | were very good at blocking 5GHz transmissions. (I never
               | took them apart to look, but I suspect that some of them
               | had plaster with metal lath as one or more layers.)
               | 
               | I started with one access point downstairs at the front
               | (because that's where the cable modem lived) but it
               | didn't work so well upstairs, at the back (diagonally) in
               | the room I was using as an office.
               | 
               | So I added another access point upstairs at the back and
               | that fixed it: Wifi became solid-enough both upstairs and
               | down, and also covered the entire back yard, and also
               | worked great for the neighbors when they asked if they
               | could borrow a cup of Internet. It took some literal
               | gymnastics in some very weird normally-unseen spaces to
               | accomplish that run, but it got done. :)
               | 
               | As an side: It's interesting that being blocked by walls
               | is also part of what makes 5GHz wifi so speedy indoors
               | (in addition to having a lot more spectrum to use), for
               | many [not all] people. By being attenuated so well by
               | walls, the co-channel interference from the neighbors is
               | reduced rather dramatically. With neighbors nearby, the
               | RF environment tends to be a lot quieter at 2.4GHz than
               | at 5GHz.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Present-day house is a bit lucky: All of the thirsty tech
               | is on the first floor, and it's very simple to get
               | ethernet cables routed 'round in the basement (it's all
               | utility space). I was able to find enough pre-existing
               | holes in the floor (from old cable TV installs and also
               | floor-mounted outlets that have been removed and covered)
               | that getting ethernet to every useful area of every
               | first-floor room with tech in it was a very simple ordeal
               | that did not require a drill. (Yeah, that means that
               | there's a wire poking up through the floor behind the
               | desk I'm sitting at right now instead of a tidy RJ45
               | receptacle on a wall plate with a nice port designation
               | label. I'm over it; it works perfectly and inertia is a
               | hell of a drug.)
               | 
               | But I'm not completely "lucky." The present house has
               | aluminum siding and low-E windows. It's a great house
               | that is amazingly inexpensive to heat and cool for how
               | old it is, but it has aluminum siding and low-E windows
               | and approximates a somewhat-leaky Faraday cage.
               | 
               | Thus, my cell phone barely works indoors, but it works
               | great outside. And wifi barely works outside on the porch
               | (front or back, doesn't matter), and really not at all
               | beyond the porch (but things like my phone think that it
               | should work, which is problematic).
               | 
               | I worked around that well-enough for the detached garage
               | and back yard area by adding another access point in the
               | garage, configured as a wireless repeater. Its advantage
               | is that it has antennas that are optimized to work well,
               | instead of some that are optimized to be very small (like
               | those inside my phone, or my laptop). It's identical to
               | the one inside the house and gets OK signal to/from the
               | main AP, which it has a visual line-of-sight to through a
               | couple of windows.
               | 
               | As an impromptu solution made from stuff I already had
               | leftover from the last place, it works. I'm not winning
               | any speed records with that remote access point... but it
               | seems to be reliable, and reliability is good.
               | 
               | (Maybe some day I'll actually get around to upgrading the
               | electricity to the garage to support some easy-to-access
               | rooftop solar and/or car charging and/or welding and/or
               | something, and when that trenching happens I'll also drop
               | in some single-mode fiber. A single run of pre-terminated
               | fiber is very cheap to buy, the "optics" at the endpoints
               | are very inexpensive, and it is very safe with its
               | essentially-absolute electrical isolation. It feels like
               | overkill, but it's also once and done.)
        
         | rbranson wrote:
         | > It's a much better answer to hook up everything on Ethernet
         | that you possibly can than it is to follow the more traveled
         | route of more channels and more congestion with mesh Wi-Fi.
         | 
         | Certainly this is the brute-force way to do it and can work if
         | you can run enough UTP everywhere. As a counterexample, I went
         | all-in on WiFi and have 5 access points with dedicated
         | backhauls. This is in SF too, so neighbors are right up against
         | us. I have ~60 devices on the WiFi and have no issues, with
         | fast roaming handoff, low jitter, and ~500Mbit up/down. I built
         | this on UniFi, but I suspect Eero PoE gear could get you pretty
         | close too, given how well even their mesh backhaul gear
         | performs.
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | I'm not super familiar with SF construction materials but I
           | wonder if that plays a part in it too? If your neighbors are
           | separated by concrete walls then you're probably getting less
           | interference from them than you'd think and your mesh might
           | actually work better(?)... but what do I know since I'm no
           | networking engineer.
        
             | rbranson wrote:
             | It's all wood construction, originally stick victorians
             | with 2x4 exterior walls. My "loudest" neighbor is being
             | picked up on 80MHz at -47 dBm.
        
               | hansvm wrote:
               | Man, at times in my life I would've killed to get a -47
               | dBm or better signal.
        
               | varenc wrote:
               | Old Victorians in SF will sometimes have lathe and
               | plaster walls (the 'wet wall' that drywall replaced).
               | Lathe and plaster walls often have chicken wire in them
               | that degrade wifi more than regular drywall will.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | you have five access points and 60 devices? How many square
           | feet are you trying to cover?
        
             | chrneu wrote:
             | He said SF with neighbors so I'm assuming condo/apartment.
             | Probably less than 2000sq feet would be my guess.
             | 
             | 5 aps for 60 devices is hilarious. I have over 120 devices
             | running off 2 APs without issue. lol
        
               | Tenemo wrote:
               | You have 120 wifi-connected devices at home?? What kind
               | of devices? 100 smart light bulbs or something like that?
               | 
               | I'm just curious - I'm a relatively techy person and I
               | have maybe 15 devices on my whole home network.
        
               | sahruum9 wrote:
               | A smart home will definitely run those numbers up. I have
               | about 60 WiFi devices and another 45 Zigbee devices and
               | I'm only about halfway done with the house.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | It's way less about device count, and more about AP
               | density - especially in RF challenging environments.
               | 
               | I pretty much just deploy WiFi as a "line of sight"
               | technology these days in a major city. Wherever you use
               | the wifi you need to be able to visually see the AP. Run
               | them in low power mode so they become effectively single-
               | room access points.
               | 
               | Obviously for IoT 2.4ghz stuff sitting in closets or
               | whatever it's still fine, but with 6ghz becoming standard
               | the "AP in every room" model is becoming more and more
               | relevant.
        
           | chrneu wrote:
           | lol 5 APs for ~60 devices is so wasteful and just throwing
           | money at the problem.
           | 
           | I'm glad it works but lol that's just hilarious.
        
           | Marsymars wrote:
           | FWIW you don't need POE Eero devices for a wired backhaul,
           | all of their devices has support it.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | > You might think it's convenient to have your TV connect to
         | Netflix via WiFi and it is, but it is going to make everything
         | else that really needs the Wi-Fi slower.
         | 
         | TV streaming seems like a bad example, since it's usually much
         | lower average bandwidth than e.g. a burst of mobile app updates
         | installing with equal priority on the network as as soon as a
         | phone is plugged in for charging, or starting a cloud photo
         | backup.
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | Kind of true, but potentially also untrue. If that TV is
           | running a crappy WiFi chip running an older WiFi standard on
           | the same channel, it'll end up performing worse or not
           | playing as nice with other clients during those bursts of
           | buffering. That'll potentially be seen by other clients as
           | little bursts of jitter.
           | 
           | That's true of any client with older and crappier WiFi chips
           | though, but TVs are such a race to the bottom when it comes
           | to performance in so many other things.
        
         | drob518 wrote:
         | That tip about not using it also works with Ethernet and other
         | technologies, BTW.
        
         | BadBadJellyBean wrote:
         | I wish I could put Ethernet everywhere but I live in a German
         | apartment in a German house and here walls are massive and made
         | out of brick and concrete. Routing cables through this without
         | it being a massive eyesore is pretty hard.
        
           | molszanski wrote:
           | Try Powerline. This EUR40 device will turn your electrical
           | sockets into an 100-500 mbps Ethernet cable. Simple and
           | efficient. Just check if sockets you want to connect are on
           | the same circuit breaker. If yes, chances are really high it
           | would work very well.
           | 
           | I've connected a switch and a second access point with mine.
           | 
           | Also I think they work best if there fewer of them on the
           | same circuit. But not sure. Check first.
        
             | BadBadJellyBean wrote:
             | I tried that but the performance was worse than wifi.
        
               | MaKey wrote:
               | G.hn powerline devices are better than the ancient
               | HomePlug AV2 ones. Which devices did you try?
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Powerline almost never comes close to performance of wifi
             | in the same conditions.
             | 
             | It's literally wifi just over an even worse medium.
        
               | Hikikomori wrote:
               | Through thick brick walls?
        
           | zoeysmithe wrote:
           | Does it have any wiring? I've lived in old homes with coax
           | for cable and those can be used with moca adapters to do
           | ethernet. They can do 2.5gbps too.
        
           | molszanski wrote:
           | Oh, one more idea. You can use existing coax cables (tv
           | cable) via adapters to get 1-2 reliable gbps over cable. For
           | e.g. a switch with an additional access point
        
         | alyandon wrote:
         | I use powerline ethernet adapters to hook up the media center
         | in the living room. They aren't super fast (~100 mbps) but they
         | are so much more _consistent_ than wifi.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | > _not use it._
         | 
         | A few things come to mind...
         | 
         | - You can buy ethernet adapters... for iPhone/ipad/etc.
         | Operations are so much faster, especially large downloads like
         | offline maps.
         | 
         | - many consumer devices suck wrt to wifi. For example, there
         | seem to me ZERO soundbars with wired subwoofers. They all
         | incorporate wifi.
         | 
         | - also, if anyone has lived in a really dense urban
         | environment, wifi is a liability in just about every way.
         | 
         | - Whats's worse is how promiscuous many devices are. Why do
         | macs show all the neighbor's televisions in the airplay menu?
         | 
         | - and you can't really turn off wifi on a mac without turning
         | off sip. (in settings, wifi OFF toggle is stuck on but greyed
         | out)
        
           | yardstick wrote:
           | > many consumer devices suck wrt to wifi. For example, there
           | seem to me ZERO soundbars with wired subwoofers. They all
           | incorporate wifi.
           | 
           | Sonos has its issues, but I do need to point out that their
           | subs (and the rest) all have Ethernet ports in addition to
           | WiFi.
        
             | ssl-3 wrote:
             | And also, previously: In the dark times when end-user
             | wireless network bandwidth very low and glitchy (and most
             | home users didn't care much), and before "mesh" became a
             | term associated with a single-box collection of items that
             | could be bought at Wal-Mart, Sonos devices were able to
             | mesh together and form their own wireless network that Just
             | Worked.
             | 
             | In software-land, they even solved latency inequalities
             | well-enough to keep things properly in-phase at 20KHz
             | between different devices, to allow stereo imaging to work
             | correctly betwixt two wirelessly-connected speakers. (This
             | seems very passe' in these modern enlightened times of
             | seemingly-independent wireless Bluetooth earbuds, but it
             | was a tough nut for them to crack back in 2002[!].)
             | 
             | It wasn't all smiles and rainbows, of course, because the
             | world never properly settled on one, true, universal
             | implementation of something like Spanning Tree Protocol and
             | agreed on how to use it. It was very possible for a person
             | to really hose up their network by connecting Sonos gear
             | the "wrong" way -- by connecting "too much" of it directly
             | to the LAN.
             | 
             | But those potential problems were broadly mitigable by
             | picking exactly one Sonos device to bridge the wireless
             | SonosNet into the home's LAN: Ideally, a Sonos Bridge would
             | -- uh -- provide that bridge, but any random Sonos speaker
             | (or subwoofer!) would do just as well. This worked, but it
             | involved some aspect of wifi.
             | 
             | And yeah, the problems could also be mitigated in other
             | ways if they showed up: A person could certainly plug in
             | their Sonos sub, sound bar, and surround speakers into
             | Ethernet -- which was really quite neat and tidy if it
             | worked, and it often worked. But it was a pickle if it
             | didn't work because STP implementations can be an
             | unadjustable boondoggle in the consumer space.
             | 
             | They had a really neat and rather unique thing going for
             | quite a long time before the market shifted to make their
             | products apparently be fickle, outdated, inferior, and
             | expensive. ("What, no Bluetooth?" people once said, even
             | though, being an independent network-based streamer, it
             | doesn't have Bluetooth problems like a person walking to
             | the other side of the house with their phone where everyone
             | but them can hear it noisily glitch out until they wander
             | back.)
             | 
             | Nowadays, SonosNet seems to be mostly dead, and the STP
             | problems died with it. Common home wifi has also grown up a
             | _lot_ since 2002. So a person can hard-wire their Sonos
             | sub, soundbar, and surround speakers into the LAN without
             | fear of badness -- or use one or more of those wirelessly,
             | instead. All without problems.
             | 
             | It was pretty neat. It's still pretty neat today.
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | > So a person can hard-wire their Sonos sub, soundbar,
               | and surround speakers into the LAN without fear of
               | badness -- or use one or more of those wirelessly,
               | instead. All without problems.
               | 
               | Eh, I just had to go through and disconnect all ethernet
               | from a bunch of Sonos devices in my house a couple months
               | ago due to issues. It's on my list to go through and
               | connect _everything_ to the LAN when I get the time to
               | make another couple ethernet drops - but mixing wifi
               | /ethernet connected Sonos devices is not a great
               | experience even in 2025.
        
               | ssl-3 wrote:
               | I thought that was fixed with S2, by basically ditching
               | the glory (and pitfalls) of ye olde SonosNet.
               | 
               | Are you still on S1?
        
           | varenc wrote:
           | > Why do macs show all the neighbor's televisions in the
           | airplay menu?
           | 
           | That's a feature that can be configured on the TV/AirPlay
           | receiver. They've configured to allow streaming from
           | "Anyone", which is probably the default. They could disable
           | this is setting and limit it to only clients on their home
           | network. And you can't actually stream without entering a
           | confirmation code shown on the TV.
           | 
           | When you stream to an AirPlay device this way it sets up an
           | adhoc device-to-device wireless connection which usually
           | performs much better that using a wifi network/router and is
           | why screen sharing can be so snappy. Part of the 'Apple
           | Wireless Direct Link' proprietary secret sauce also used by
           | AirDrop. You can sniff the awdl0 or llw0 interfaces to see
           | the traffic. Open AirDrop and then run `ping6 ff02::1%awdl0`
           | to see all the Apple devices your Mac is in contact with (not
           | necessarily on your wifi network)
           | 
           | > and you can't really turn off wifi on a mac without turning
           | off sip.
           | 
           | Just `sudo ifconfig en0 down` doesn't work? You can also do
           | `networksetup -setairportpower en0 off`. Never had issues
           | turning off wifi.
        
         | dylanowen wrote:
         | For people who don't or can't have Ethernet wiring, I've had
         | great success with Ethernet over coax. My ancient coax wiring
         | gets 800mbps back to my router with a screenbeam MoCA 2.5
        
           | Denatonium wrote:
           | MoCA is truly amazing. I'm getting full symmetrical 940 Mbps
           | speeds simultaneously over upload and download using RG59
           | cable with a pair of ECB6250. It helps that our house is
           | fairly small, as the high frequencies that MoCA uses get
           | attenuated pretty quickly on RG59 cabling, but even still,
           | I'm impressed by the results.
        
         | cryptoegorophy wrote:
         | And all iot devices on protocol such as zwave
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | An idle Wi-Fi client with no traffic should have a very minimal
         | effect on your network's quality. The TV is only going to be
         | slowing things down if it's actually using the network and
         | downloading/uploading. Which regrettably, is a problem with
         | smart TVs. But there's no reason to limit the number of idle
         | clients on a Wi-Fi network assuming your gateway can handle it.
         | The challenge is though in the real world many devices that
         | should be idle aren't.
         | 
         | For my IoT network I just block most every device's access to
         | the internet. That cuts down on a lot of their background
         | chatter and gives me some minor protection.
         | 
         | Also honestly, I feel the majority of wifi problems could be
         | fixed by having proper coverage (more access points), using
         | hardwired access points (no meshing), and getting better
         | equipment. I like Ubiquiti/Unifi stuff but other good options
         | out there. Avoid TP-Link and anything provided by an ISP. If
         | you do go meshing, insist on a 6ghz backhaul, though that hurts
         | the range.
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | I agree, but as a quite heavy user household, switching to
         | Unifi 10y ago has fixed our issues, and they haven't returned.
         | With most devices on WiFi, on 3 APs.
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | > You might think it's convenient to have your TV connect to
         | Netflix via WiFi and it is, but it is going to make everything
         | else that really needs the Wi-Fi slower.
         | 
         | There is other stuff to watch - like uhd bluray backups and
         | those need more than the crappy 100mbps lan port can deliver.
        
           | ndriscoll wrote:
           | If the playback device isn't terrible (though smart TVs
           | probably are), 100 Mbps should still be adequate as long as
           | the average bitrate stays below that (which I think is the
           | case for almost all UHD blurays?) and you get close to the
           | nominal speed. For example if it peaks at 120 Mbps, then
           | you're only draining your buffer at 2.5 MB/s, so a 150 MB
           | buffer gets you an entire minute of peak bitrate as long as
           | it was full. A quick search suggests very few movies go above
           | 100 Mbps for longer than a few seconds at a time and averages
           | are usually below 80.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | Younger generations seem attached to internet access over wifi
         | in an unheallthy, irrational way
         | 
         | Proliferation of consumer hardware that lacks ethernet ports is
         | probably a contributing factor
         | 
         | IMHO, the greatest utility of wifi is wireless keyboards and
         | monitors, not wireless internet access
         | 
         | The ability to remotely control multiple computers not on the
         | same network from the same keyboard, for example
         | 
         | But I've always had a bias for using a (mechanical) external
         | keyboards over built-in laptop keyboards, even before there
         | were wireless keyboards
        
       | semiquaver wrote:
       | The thing about speed tests causing a bad experience because they
       | hog airtime felt like a non sequitur (since performing them is
       | rare and manual) until I saw this:                 > Many ISPs,
       | device manufacturers, and consumers automate periodic, high-
       | intensity speed tests that negatively impact the consumer
       | internet experience as demonstrated
       | 
       | But there's no support for this claim presented frankly I am
       | skeptical. What WiFi devices are regularly conducting speed tests
       | without being asked?
        
         | thewebguyd wrote:
         | > What WiFi devices are regularly conducting speed tests
         | without being asked?
         | 
         | ISP provided routers, at least Xfinity does. I've gotten emails
         | from them (before I ripped out their equipment and put my own
         | in) "Great news, you're getting more than your plan's promised
         | speeds" with speedtest results in the email, because they ran
         | speed tests at like 3AM.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised if it's happening often across all the
         | residential ISPs, most likely for marketing purposes.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | I have noticed Spectrum internet shits the bed at 12:30am
           | pretty reliably.
        
             | typpilol wrote:
             | Really? My spectrum has been super reliable in Michigan.
             | Way better than when I had Comcast here
        
           | gm678 wrote:
           | Pretty sure Verizon does this as well, when I had a tech come
           | out he had access to historical speed test results from my
           | router (I didn't ask any questions about it at the time so
           | don't have any more info).
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | That would be a speedtest between the router/modem and CMTS
           | then, not one between a Wi-Fi connected device and the ISP,
           | no?
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | Ubiquiti UniFi used to, I don't know if it still does.
        
           | pbronez wrote:
           | It's configurable
        
           | nativeit wrote:
           | At least in my UniFi instance, this is only done when
           | manually triggered, but I seem to recall a setting where it
           | could be automatically updated daily.
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | Eero does this automatically (mine says it was last run 2 days
         | ago at 5:08am) and I had software on my DD-WRT router
         | (OpenLede) that did it, though obviously not many people
         | (overall) are running that.
         | 
         | I used to run a docker than ran a speed test every hour and
         | graphed the results but I haven't done that in a while now.
        
           | Marsymars wrote:
           | Eero I think just tests internet speed from the gateway, so
           | no Wi-Fi involved.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Google Nest access points do this, but they do it only when
         | networks are idle, so I fail to see the negative consequences.
        
         | dlcarrier wrote:
         | DOCSIS cable modems perform perform regularly scheduled tests,
         | but it's only between devices, and shouldn't affect available
         | bandwidth, because there's far more bandwidth within the DOCSIS
         | network than between the network and the Internet.
        
           | lxgr wrote:
           | > there's far more bandwidth within the DOCSIS network than
           | between the network and the Internet.
           | 
           | Really? DOCSIS has been the bottleneck out of Wi-Fi, DOCSIS,
           | and wider Internet every time I've had the misfortune of
           | having to use it in an apartment.
           | 
           | Especially the tiny uplink frequency slice of DOCSIS 3 and
           | below is pathetic.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | I think Roku devices might. There's a network speed indicator
         | in the settings and I think it had values before I explicitly
         | ran a test. My Rokus are all wired, because I'm civilized, and
         | the test interval is very short, so that ends my investigation.
        
       | ttshaw1 wrote:
       | I don't get what the point of the article is. Is the takeaway
       | that I should lower the channel width in my home? How many WAPs
       | would I need to be running for that to matter? I'd argue it's
       | more important to get everyone to turn down TX power in cases
       | where your neighbors in an apartment building are conflicting.
       | And that's never going to happen, so just conform to the legal
       | limit and your SNR should be fine. Anything that needs to be high
       | performance shouldn't be on wifi anyway.
       | 
       | If you want to spend a really long time optimizing your wifi,
       | this is the resource: https://www.wiisfi.com/
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | This sort of thing is definitely in the class of "are you
         | experiencing problems? if not don't worry about it".
         | 
         | If you are experiencing problems, this might give you an angle
         | to think about that you hadn't otherwise, if you just naively
         | assume Wifi is as good as a dedicated wire. Modern Wifi has an
         | awful lot of resources, though. I only notice degradation of
         | any kind when I have one computer doing a full-speed transfer
         | for quite a while to another, but that's a pretty exceptional
         | case and not one I'm going to run any more wires around for for
         | something that happens less than once a month.
        
         | tetris11 wrote:
         | I lose wifi signal consistently in my bedroom on my 80Mhz wide
         | 5Ghz wifi.
         | 
         | I just now reduced it to 20Mhz, and though there is a (slight)
         | perceptible drop in latency, those 5 extra dB I gained from
         | Signal/Noise have given me wifi in the bedroom again
        
           | bcrl wrote:
           | Every doubling of the channel width costs roughly 3dB.
           | Shannon's law strikes again!
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | Every doubling of the channel width doubles the Shannon
             | limit*
             | 
             | * An a gaussian white noise environment, which WiFi usually
             | isn't in.
        
           | grogers wrote:
           | Wow! There are certain areas of my house that I get such bad
           | wifi signal that I often switch to cellular data since it's
           | more reliable. I didn't even know you could change a setting
           | like this to reduce speeds but improve reliability - it
           | worked like a charm, thanks!
        
         | operator-name wrote:
         | Wow, that is an awesome resource and something I wish I knew
         | about earlier!
        
         | jpc0 wrote:
         | 2.4GHz wifi at 40MHz squats literally half of the usabke
         | channels, you speed improvement, very likely you now get
         | 100mbps. If you just disabled 2.4GHz and forced 5GHz you would
         | get the exact same improvement and wouldn't be polluting half
         | of the available frequencies.
         | 
         | Add another idiot sitting on channel 8 or 9 and the other half
         | of the bandwidth is also polluted, now even your mediocre IoT
         | devices that cannot be on 5GHz are going to struggle for signal
         | and instead of the theoretical 70/70mbps you could get off a
         | well placed 20MHz channel you are lucky to get 30.
         | 
         | Add another 4 people are you cannot make a FaceTime call
         | without disabling wifi or forcing 5GHz
        
         | BonoboIO wrote:
         | Everytime I have questions about Wi-Fi I search for this
         | distinctive site wiisfi.com ... I should bookmark this.
         | 
         | The best Ressource out there. Period.
        
         | varenc wrote:
         | The takeaway is that you'll probably experience more reliable
         | wifi if you turn your 5ghz channel width down to 40mhz and
         | especially make sure your 2.4ghz width is 20mhz not 40mhz. As
         | noted, you can't do anything about the neighbors, but making
         | these changes can improve your reliability. And I think the
         | larger takeaway is that if manufacturers just defaulted to
         | 40mhz 5ghz width, like enterprise equipment does, wifi would be
         | better for everyone. But if your wifi works great then no need.
         | 
         | Also that's an amazing resource, thanks for linking.
        
       | 725686 wrote:
       | "The average US household has 21 Wi-Fi devices"... wtf?
        
         | lynndotpy wrote:
         | And that's not to mention everything else on the 2.4GHz band :)
         | Bluetooth, zigbee, your microwave, etc
        
         | MrZander wrote:
         | That seems very high to me. A family of four each has 5 devices
         | connected at the same time?
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | Smartphone, laptop, tablet, watch - that's 4 already. And
           | this isn't just counting personal devices. Include TV,
           | streaming stick, game console, printers, bulbs, plugs,
           | speakers, doorbell, security cameras, thermostat and you'll
           | hit that number pretty quick.
        
             | MrZander wrote:
             | There are 16 devices on my WiFi right now and I would've
             | though I was above average. I have a bunch of weird stuff
             | like 3 Raspberry Pis that most households would not have,
             | but I don't have most of the stuff you listed.
             | 
             | I guess I am less "connected" than the average American.
             | Can't say I feel like I am missing out, though.
        
           | kllrnohj wrote:
           | Check your network and see how many wifi devices you have.
           | I'm up to 60+ thanks to a handful of IoT devices, smart
           | speakers, etc... It adds up quick.
        
           | drob518 wrote:
           | Most of your mobile devices are doing background tasks. It's
           | not typically high bandwidth stuff, but they are connected
           | even when you aren't using them.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | I'm single and have 11 devices on 2.4 GHz:
           | Wireless temperature monitor       Sync module for some Blink
           | cameras       2 smart plugs       Roomba       5 smart lights
           | RPi 3
           | 
           | 3 of the smart lights I currently don't need and and so
           | aren't actually connected. That leaves 8 connected 2.4 GHz
           | devices.
           | 
           | On 5 GHz I've got 16 devices:                 Amazon Fire
           | Stick       iPad       Printer       Echo Show       Apple
           | Watch       Surface Pro 4       iMac       Nintendo Switch
           | EV charger       Mac Studio       A smart plug       Google
           | Home Mini       Echo Dot       RPi 4       Kindle
           | iPhone
           | 
           | The iMac and the Surface Pro 4 are almost never turned on,
           | and the printer is also most of the time. That leaves 13
           | regularly connected 5 GHz devices.
           | 
           | That's a total of 21 devices usually connected on my WiFi,
           | right what the article says is average. :-)
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Doesn't seem unreasonable. Look at your router. I have 17 and I
         | would say we're a totally normal household - the kids don't
         | even have phones yet.
         | 
         | We have 2 phones, a tablet for the kids, a couple of Google
         | homes, a Chromecast, 2 yoto players, a printer, a smart TV, 2
         | laptops, a raspberry pi, a solar power Inverter, an Oculus
         | Quest, and a couple of things that have random hostnames.
         | 
         | It adds up.
        
         | isaacdl wrote:
         | I live alone, and just counted, I have 10 in regular use. A few
         | more that can connect to WiFi but aren't (why would I want my
         | tower fans on the internet, anyway?)
         | 
         | I had probably 20 prior to swapping out some smart light bulbs
         | and switches for Zigbee.
         | 
         | 21 for an average household isn't nuts.
        
         | gnabgib wrote:
         | Doesn't take long to add up. Family of 4 - every phone,
         | including prior generation which might be off in a draw: 3-8
         | 
         | Router, and extenders (multi floor house): 1-4
         | 
         | Chromecast|Sonos|Apple
         | speaker/Chromecast|google|firestick|roku|apple TV/smart
         | speaker/hifi receiver/eaves dropping devices: 2-10
         | 
         | Smart doorbell/light switch/temperature sensor/weather
         | station/co2|co detector/flood detector/bulb/led strip/led
         | light/nanoleaf/garage door: 4-16
         | 
         | Some cars: 0-2
         | 
         | Some smart watches speak wifi: 0-4
         | 
         | Computers.. maybe the desktops are wired (likely still support
         | wifi), all laptops, chromebooks, and tablets : 3-8
         | 
         | All game consoles, many TVs, some computer monitors: 3-8
         | 
         | Some smart appliances: 0-4 (based on recent news of ads, best
         | to aim for 0)
        
           | chrismorgan wrote:
           | The numbers still feel pretty outlandish to me.
           | 
           | The biggest factor in your count, and I think it _is_ the one
           | with the highest ceiling, is smart devices. Trouble is, even
           | by sources like
           | https://www.consumeraffairs.com/homeowners/average-number-
           | of..., around half of all households still have _zero_ , and
           | the average household has only 2.6 people.
           | 
           | In this thread (from its root), we have various users
           | defending the reasonableness of the numbers, some providing
           | numbers in their own houses: 10, 11, 14, 17, 19, 23, 28, 34,
           | over 50, 60+. Averaging, I'll say, about 27, and that's with
           | two pretty big outliers--if you excluded them (maybe
           | reasonable, maybe not), you'd be down to 19.5. And these
           | sorts of users are _already_ likely to be above-average, it's
           | the nature of HN, compounded by them being the ones
           | commenting (confirmation bias). Yet _already_ (with the
           | fiddling of removing what I'm calling outliers) they're under
           | the claimed average. And for each one of them, there's
           | another household with _zero_ smart home devices; and the 20%
           | of the population with no broadband are, I imagine,
           | effectively using zero wifi devices, though discounting in
           | this way is a little too simplistic. However you look at it,
           | the average will drop quite a bit. In fact, if you return to
           | the original 27 and simplify the portion of the population
           | without smart home devices to a 30% zero rate (mildly
           | arbitrary, but I think reasonable enough as a starting point)
           | and let the other 70% be average... your 27 has dropped to
           | about 19. In order to reach the 21 across the population,
           | you'd need to establish these HN users, defenders of high
           | wifi device counts, to be _below average_ users of wifi
           | devices, which is implausible.
           | 
           | If the number was 10, I'd consider it plausible, though
           | honestly I'd still expect the number to be lower. But I think
           | my reasoning backs up my initial feeling that 21 is pretty
           | outlandish for your _national average_. I'd like to see
           | Deloitte Insights' methodology; I reckon it's a furphy. I bet
           | it's come from some grossly misleading survey data, or from
           | sales figures of devices that are wifi- _capable_ even though
           | half of them never get used that way, or from terrible
           | sampling bias (surveys are _notorious_ for that), or
           | something like that. Wouldn't be the first wildly wrong or
           | grossly misleading result one of those sorts of companies
           | have published.
        
         | tempestn wrote:
         | 34 devices connected to my router at the moment, 8 wired and 26
         | wifi. About 8 of the wifi devices are phones, tablets, and
         | laptops; the rest are various iot things: locks, plugs, alarm,
         | thermostat, water heater, doorbell, etc.
        
         | seemaze wrote:
         | I just checked;
         | 
         | I currently have 23, my parent's house has 19
         | 
         | People have all kinds of stuff on wifi these days - cameras,
         | light bulbs, dishwashers, irrigation, solar, hifi..
        
         | rdschouw wrote:
         | I got 28 online right now according to my Eero. 3 people, with
         | smartphones and laptops. Several game consoles, a few Apple TVs
         | and music streaming devices, Ring camera, Zwave Hub, printer,
         | washing machine, garage opener, Ring doorbell and an assortment
         | of Echo dots.
        
         | drob518 wrote:
         | Yep. And each of your neighbors also has that many devices and
         | you're all sharing the same channels.
        
         | commandersaki wrote:
         | I count 14 in a 2 person household, 4 bedroom house; 3 wired.
        
         | pixl97 wrote:
         | I'm probably not average, but I have over 50 wifi devices
         | registered on my UBNT system and 15 wired.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | It is pretty easy to get there when everyone has a phone, a
         | laptop, and there are a few shared tablets around. Add work +
         | personal machines and it goes up a bit more.
         | 
         | Add a few wifi security cameras and other IoT devices and 30+
         | is probably pretty common.
        
       | rpcope1 wrote:
       | Honestly what's unsaid in a lot of this is that it would be
       | really nice if there were more and wider ISM bands. So much makes
       | use of 900Mhz, 2.4GHz and 5GHz in novel and innovative ways, that
       | if the government and FCC really actually wanted to spark
       | innovation including augmenting wifi performance, they'd stop
       | letting telcos and other questionable interests hoard spectrum
       | and release it as ISM (and no, they shouldn't steal from ham
       | bands to make ISM bands either).
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | The only way forward is new frequencies and larger blocks of
         | spectrum.
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | WiFi 6E added 6 GHz spectrum bigger than 5 GHz. The problem is
         | that not that many devices support it. I think it is required
         | in WiFi 7. I think it is shared with other users so devices
         | have to find free space. I think most developed countries have
         | allocated it.
        
       | lxgr wrote:
       | > Many ISPs, device manufacturers, and consumers automate
       | periodic, high-intensity speed tests that negatively impact the
       | consumer internet experience as demonstrated.
       | 
       | Is that actually a thing? Why would any ISP intentionally add
       | unnecessary load to their network?
        
         | sidewndr46 wrote:
         | I've only met around 10 people that even know what a speed test
         | is. I'm not sure how most consumers would even go about
         | automating one. What would be the first step?
        
         | cowsandmilk wrote:
         | See https://www.thousandeyes.com/blog/cisco-announces-intent-
         | to-... for example, SamKnows is in millions of homes measuring
         | performance and now sending the data to Cisco.
        
         | chrneu wrote:
         | For what it's worth, I think most ISPs that do this will host
         | their speed test in-network so their speeds are inflated. This
         | benefits both the ISP and whoever is in charge of the speed
         | test(like speedtest.net).
         | 
         | So they're not really increasing their network load a
         | measurable amount since the data never actually leaves their
         | internal network. My ISP's network admin explained this to me
         | one day when I asked about it. He said they don't really notice
         | any difference.
        
           | cruffle_duffle wrote:
           | That's why Netflix has fast.com, which pulls actual video
           | content _, meaning it's hard for the ISP to inflate the
           | number.
           | 
           | _ (at least as per my understanding)
        
       | somanyphotons wrote:
       | Is there a good guide on what the right things to do are?
        
         | chrneu wrote:
         | Hardwire everything you can over ethernet to get them off Wifi.
         | 
         | Use a dedicated 2.4ghz AP for all IoT devices. Firewall this
         | network and only allow the traffic those devices need. This
         | greatly reduces congestion.
         | 
         | Use 5ghz for phones/laptops and keep IoT off that network.
         | 
         | That's really about it. If you have special circumstances there
         | are other solutions, but generally the solution to bad wifi is
         | to not use the wifi, lol.
        
       | XorNot wrote:
       | In the IoT space I really wish an "ESP for power line Ethernet"
       | existed these days.
       | 
       | I have 50+ ESP based devices on WiFi and while low bandwidth (and
       | their own SSID) I really wish there were affordable options that
       | they could be "wired" for comms (since they mostly control mains
       | appliances, but the rules and considerations for mixing data and
       | mains in one package are prohibitively expensive).
        
         | Neywiny wrote:
         | Have you considered 1 WiFi device and 49 sub-ghz devices?
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | The point isn't wifi contention per se (it's working fine) -
           | it's that having home automation depend on wireless signals
           | at all is both a vulnerability, and feels silly when all
           | those devices have hard wired power.
        
       | kuon wrote:
       | For me the only thing that really matters, and globally sucks
       | with WiFi is roaming.
       | 
       | My house is old and has stones walls up to 120cm, including the
       | inner walls, so I have to have access points is nearly all rooms.
       | 
       | I never had a true seamless roaming experience. Today, I have TP-
       | Link Omada and it works better than previous solutions, but it is
       | still not as good as DECT phones for examples.
       | 
       | For example if I watch a twitch stream in my room and go to the
       | kitchen grab something with my tablet or my phone, I have a
       | freeze about 30% of the times, but not very long. Before I
       | sometime had to turn the wifi off and on on my device for it to
       | roam.
       | 
       | I followed all Omada and general WiFi best practice I could find
       | about frequency, overlap... But it is still not fully seamless
       | yes.
        
         | bcrl wrote:
         | DECT phones run on the 1.9 GHz spectrum which doesn't get
         | absorbed by water like 2.4 GHz, and will penetrate through many
         | other materials far better than higher frequencies.
         | 
         | Most people place wifi repeaters incorrectly, or invest in
         | crappy repeater / mesh devices that do not multiple radios. A
         | Wifi repeater or mesh device with a single radio by definition
         | cuts your throughput in half for every hop.
         | 
         | I run an ISP. Customers _always_ cheap out when it comes to
         | their in home wireless networks while failing to understand the
         | consequences of their choices (even when carefully explained to
         | them).
        
           | protocolture wrote:
           | "Wheres your router"
           | 
           | "The basement"
           | 
           | "Uh, i can send someone out to install some repeaters for
           | $$$"
           | 
           | "No just make internet good now"
        
           | gh02t wrote:
           | Eh, multiple APs and roaming being awful isn't just a matter
           | of shitty placement and bad wireless backhaul, it's also
           | client side software. I have two APs on opposite ends of my
           | house and my phone tries to hang on to whatever AP its
           | connected to far longer than it should when moving around the
           | house. My APs are placed correctly, and support 802.11r, yet
           | my phone and most other devices don't try to roam until far,
           | far past the point they should have switched to the other AP.
           | 
           | The design of roaming being largely client initiated means
           | roaming doesn't really work how people intuitively think it
           | should, because at least every device I've ever seen seems to
           | be programmed to aggressively cling to a single AP.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Have you tried turning down the tx power on your APs? It
             | will help your devices decide to roam, and it may not
             | actually reduce your effective range, because often times
             | effective range is limited by tx power on the client more
             | than the AP.
        
               | gh02t wrote:
               | I have, doesn't really help very much unfortunately.
               | Setting an RSSI threshold on the AP can also help devices
               | roam, but its hard to set it at a level that works for
               | all devices (since different devices have different
               | sensitivities so an RSSI threshold that works well for my
               | phone might cause some other device to constantly get
               | dropped).
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | I use a DECT VoIP phone for most of my phone calls. It's great!
        
         | jval43 wrote:
         | I live in a similar building.
         | 
         | I assume you have hardwired all the APs, otherwise that would
         | be the first step. Make sure they're on different channels, and
         | have narrow MHz bands (20Mhz for 2.4GHz, 40MHz for 5GHz)
         | selected.
         | 
         | Only use 1,6,11 for 2.4GHz and don't use the DFS channels on
         | 5GHz as they will regularly hang everything.
         | 
         | Afterwards you can try reducing the 5GHz transmission power so
         | there is no/less overlap in the far rooms.
         | 
         | Unfortunately you probably need the 2.4GHz (at least I do) but
         | as the range is so much higher it might make sense to
         | deactivate it on some APs to prevent overlaps.
         | 
         | Doing this basically eliminated the issues for me.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | _The average US household has 21 Wi-Fi devices_
       | 
       | I wonder how many of those could be wired.
        
       | harrall wrote:
       | I actually switched from 40 MHz to 80 Mhz when a friend
       | complained about slow downloads on my Wi-Fi.
       | 
       | So yeah, I do think speed is more important.
       | 
       | Responsiveness doesn't matter that often and when it does,
       | plugging in Ethernet takes it out of the equation.
        
         | chrneu wrote:
         | You can't use that speed if your device is dropping half the
         | packets.
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | I wish the Wi-Fi developers would put some serious effort into
       | improving range and contention. Forgot 40 MHz vs 80 MHz -- how
       | about some 5 MHz channels? How about some modulations designed to
       | work at low received power and/or low SNR? How about improving
       | the stack to get better performance when a device has mediocre
       | signal quality to multiple APs at the same time?
       | 
       | There are are these cool new features like MLO, but maybe devices
       | could mostly use narrow channels and only use more RF bandwidth
       | when they actually need it.
        
         | bobmcnamara wrote:
         | IEEE 802.11af old TV band
         | 
         | IEEE 802.11ah 900Ish
         | 
         | IEEE 802.11ax(WiFi6): traditional channels can be subdivided
         | between 26 and 2x996 resource units according to
         | need(effectively a 2MHz channel at the low end). This means
         | multiple devices can be transmitted to within the same transmit
         | opportunity.
         | 
         | > How about some modulations designed to work at low received
         | power and/or low SNR?
         | 
         | 802.11(og), 1 & 2 Mbps.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | And do those ax resource units work, in practice, in a way
           | that allows two APs that are moderately close to each other
           | to coexist efficiently within the same 20MHz channel?
           | Preferably even if they're from different vendors and even if
           | the users are not experts?
           | 
           | > 802.11(og), 1 & 2 Mbps
           | 
           | I'm a little vague on the details, but those are rather old
           | and I don't think there is anything that low-rate in the
           | current MCS table. Do they actually work well? Do they
           | support modern advancements like LDPC?
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | > > 802.11(og), 1 & 2 Mbps > I'm a little vague on the
             | details, but those are rather old
             | 
             | They're the original, phase shift keyed modulations.
             | 
             | > Do they actually work well?
             | 
             | They work great, if your problem is SNR, and if you value
             | range more than data rate.
             | 
             | They are, of course, horribly spectrally inefficient which
             | means they work better than OFDM near the guard bands. OFDM
             | has a much flatter power level over frequency, so you have
             | to limit TX power whenever the shoulder of the signal nears
             | the guard band. IIRC, some standard supports individually
             | adjusting the resource unit transmit power which would
             | solve this as well. PSK modulation solves this somewhat
             | accidentally. Guardbands especially suck since there's only
             | 3 non overlapping 2.4GHz channels.
             | 
             | > I don't think there is anything that low-rate in the
             | current MCS table.
             | 
             | > Do they support modern advancements like LDPC?
             | 
             | Dunno! Generally though, each MCS index will specify both a
             | modulation mechanism (BPSK, OFDM, ...) and a coding rate.
             | All of the newer specs allow you to go almost as slow if
             | you want to, usually 6-7mbps ish , and this is done with
             | the same modulation scheme just a bit faster and with newer
             | coding.
             | 
             | > do those ax resource units work, in practice, in a way
             | that allows two APs that are moderately close to each other
             | to coexist efficiently within the same 20MHz channel?
             | 
             | Yes and no. It doesn't improve RF coexistence directly. But
             | in many cases allows much more efficient use of the
             | available airtime. Before every outgoing packet to a
             | different station consumed a guard interval and the entire
             | channel bandwidth, but now for a single guard interval you
             | can pack as many station's data as will fit.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | The next release standard is 802.11bn, "Wifi 8", and it has been
       | dubbed _Ultra High Reliability (UHR)_ :
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11bn
       | 
       | So other considerations are being considered.
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | It might help. But wifi, like all radio, is a shared medium.
         | Unlike actual transmission lines like ethernet where you get
         | the entire electromagnetic spectrum to yourself to use
         | _multiple times_ , once for each twisted pair. Even if ethernet
         | itself only uses baseband modulation and doesn't efficiently
         | fill the spectrum it's more than enough. The reliability is
         | incomparible to radio.
        
       | PaulKeeble wrote:
       | A households bandwidth use is quite a bit different to a
       | business. While a household may have a lot of devices most of
       | them are doing very little at any given time, but the primary
       | device in use requires the best speed possible. In a business
       | however there are a lot of primary devices and not a lot of idle
       | little devices and as such fairness and reliability dominate the
       | needs as does getting the frequencies maxed out for coverage and
       | total bandwidth available.
       | 
       | Wifi 8 will probably be another standard homes can skip. Like
       | wifi 6 it is going to bring little that they need to utilise
       | their fibre home connnections well across their home.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | > Because consumers have been conditioned to understand only raw
       | speed as a metric of Wi-Fi quality and not more important
       | indicators of internet experience such as responsiveness and
       | reliability.
       | 
       | Whie the two are not the same, they are not exactly separable.
       | 
       | You will not get good Internet speed out of a flaky network,
       | because the interrupted flow of acknowledgements, and the need to
       | retransmit lost segments, will not only itself impact the
       | performance directly, but also trigger congestion-reducing
       | algorithms.
       | 
       | Most users are not aware whether they are getting good speed most
       | of the time, if they are only browsing the web, because of the
       | latencies of the load times of complex pages. Individual video
       | streams are not enough to stress the system either. You have to
       | be running downloads (e.g. torrents) to have a better sense of
       | that.
       | 
       | The flakiness of web page loads and insufficient load caused by
       | streams can conceal both: some good amount of unreliability and
       | poor throughput.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Is it really that big of an issue? With device spread over 2.4 5
       | and 6 ghz you really need a lot of them to run into issues
        
       | mithcs wrote:
       | Not the "Need for Speed" I expected.
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | "Behind every good wi-fi network is an excellent wired backbone
       | infrastructure." - the Tao of Wi-Fi
        
         | stingraycharles wrote:
         | "Those who understand wireless use cables" - random guy on the
         | internet.
        
       | LikeBeans wrote:
       | I'm surprised, at least for businesses, small cell wifi is not a
       | thing. For example, if you walk into an office building everyone
       | seems to have a physical phone on their desk that is hard wired.
       | What if that is also a small cell AP. Like a personal AP. Using
       | automation and central provisioning and analytics can make this
       | doable. Yeah handoff and roaming has to be seamless and quick but
       | it doesn't feel that hard, no? If so this would be pretty neat
       | and would solve the contention issue in the air.
        
       | varenc wrote:
       | Apple has a draft specification for a better way of measuring
       | network quality than just doing speed tests:
       | https://github.com/network-quality/goresponsiveness
       | 
       | Their `networkQuality` implementation is on the CLI for any Mac
       | recently updated. It's pretty interesting and I've found it to be
       | very good at predicting which networks will be theoretically
       | fast, but feel unreliable and laggy, and which ones will feel
       | snappy and fast. It measures Round-trips Per Minute under idle
       | and load condition. It's a much better predictor of how fast
       | casual browsing will be than a speed test.
        
       | saghm wrote:
       | Moving into a house for the first time since before college this
       | year, I only just learned about Wi-Fi channel width this week.
       | Apparently the mesh routers I ended up picking several months ago
       | had a default width of 160 MHz, but only go as low as 80 MHz, so
       | that's what I ended up switching to. Anecdotally it has seemed to
       | be somewhat more reliable, but maybe in the long run finding
       | something that can go even lower might be worth it because we do
       | still notice some stutter occasionally that would be nice to
       | reduce even if the theoretical max throughout was a bit lower.
        
       | spragl wrote:
       | This is a clear case of "you get what you measure". Measuring
       | speed is so easy, everybody can do it, and do it all the time. No
       | wonder that providers optimize for speed. But it also works the
       | other way around. We have developed a focus on speed as it was
       | the only thing that mattered.
       | 
       | I have worked with networks for many years, and users blaming all
       | sorts of issues on the network is a classic, so of course in
       | their minds they need more speed and more bandwidth. But
       | improvements only makes sense up to some point. After that it is
       | just psychological.
        
       | MedAzizBenSalem wrote:
       | This is such a great write-up it highlights a truth that's been
       | hiding in plain sight for years: we've optimized Wi-Fi for
       | headline speeds, not human experience. Emphasis on throughput
       | reminds one of the "megapixel wars" of early digital photography
       | a simple, clear-cut figure that completely misrepresents actual
       | quality. Responsiveness and reliability are the actual measures
       | that control day to day satisfaction, but they are harder to
       | define and won't neatly go on a store shelf. What is fascinating
       | here is that speed tests themselves actively degrade the network
       | performance. It's like taking your pulse by first dashing a lap
       | in sprinting mode. Whether we'll see more router makers or ISPs
       | start offering "responsiveness scores" instead of speed numbers
       | once the consumer pays attention to latency and airtime
       | contention remains to be seen. At any rate, this post nails the
       | broader cultural problem in networking: the industry still chases
       | awe inspiring numbers instead of better experiences.
        
         | vlan0 wrote:
         | How do you think speeds effect airtime
         | utilization/optimization? And how does this change with lower
         | PHY rates?
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | Not linearly. The data may take twice as long to transmit at
           | half the rate, but there's overhead which doesn't change. If
           | you can use half the channel width and transmit at half the
           | rate, you halve the Hz-seconds used for preambles and stuff,
           | while keeping the Hz-seconds used for data the same.
        
         | ieie3366 wrote:
         | AI slop
        
       | knorker wrote:
       | Is this still true with OFDM and subchannels or whatever it's
       | called?
       | 
       | Also MIMO.
       | 
       | And don't think it's relevant to compare what to do in a large
       | space with what one should do at home. The requirements are
       | entirely different.
       | 
       | In a large space with many users I'd use small channels and many
       | access points. I want it to work good enough for everyone to have
       | calls, and have good aggregate throughput.
       | 
       | In a two bed home I'd use large channels and probably only one
       | AP. Peak single device speed is MUCH more important than
       | aggregate speed.
       | 
       | And in a home it matters much more what channels are being busyed
       | by neighbors.
       | 
       | For latency, of course, there is only wired. Even with few
       | devices.
        
       | celeryd wrote:
       | I always assumed it was Ethernet protocol itself that made wi-fi
       | suck
        
       | vlan0 wrote:
       | Honestly, none of the comments here coming from a place with
       | enough protocol knowledge to talk about the "whys"
       | 
       | I operate a large enterprise wireless network with 80mhz 5Ghz
       | channels and 160Mhz 6Ghz channels. It is possible if your
       | environment allows.
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | Wifi sucks in general. You ever get on a video call and someone
       | has starts talking like a robot? And then, out of pure
       | superstition they start walking around their house hoping to
       | "find" the better reception? And it never really works, but they
       | keep trying it anyhow, and then they either say "maybe I need a
       | better internet" or "but I have full bars." No information is
       | really given to a normal (or in some cases, even technical users)
       | which would allow them to actually correctly diagnose their
       | problem. So like Skinner's pigeons, they just keep playing their
       | ritual even though it has no effect.
        
         | ElijahLynn wrote:
         | WiFi is pretty magical in general. Sometimes it sucks.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | I bought a Wi-Fi 6 TP-Link router recently and found out that
       | it's _normal_ for people to have performance /responsiveness
       | issues due to all the "advanced" features enabled. I turned them
       | all off and use the simplest possible connection settings, but
       | somehow there is still a 20-second delay when my smartphone tries
       | to access a web page (and I use 1.1.1.1/8.8.8.8, and this never
       | happened on previous wifi routers). The great enshittification
       | rolls on.
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | Anyone know what Google Wi-Fi devices are set to?
       | 
       | I don't see a way to change that setting and I don't see a way to
       | see what it's currently set to.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | >The IEEE 802.11bn (Wi-Fi 8) working group has acknowledged the
       | need for a shift in focus, framing the standard's goals
       | differently from past generations: not chasing ever-higher peak
       | speeds, but improving reliability, lower latency (especially at
       | the 95th percentile), reduced packet loss, and robustness under
       | challenging conditions (interference, mobility).
       | 
       | For people who dont follow WiFi closely. While WiFi 8, or 7 or 6
       | all has the intended features for its release, they are either
       | not mandated or dont work as well as it should. Instead every
       | release was a full refined execution of previous version. So the
       | best WiFi 6 ( OFDMA ) originally promised will only come in WiFi
       | 7. And current WiFi 7 feature like Multi-Link Operation will
       | likely work better in WiFI 8. So if you wanted a fully working
       | WiFi 8 as they marketed it, you better wait for WiFI 9.
       | 
       | But WiFi has come a long way. Not only have they exceeded 1Gbps
       | in real world performance, they are coming close to 2.5Gbps,
       | maximising the 2.5Gbps Ethernet. And we are now working on more
       | efficient and reliable WiFi.
        
       | drewg123 wrote:
       | One of the things that makes our wifi suck are HP (and other)
       | printers using wifi direct. Looking at a wifi scan, I can see new
       | fewer than 5 of my neighbors printers screaming to the top of
       | their lungs.
       | 
       | The only thing that makes wifi in a large condo building viable
       | is the 6Ghz channels available on wifi 6e
        
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