[HN Gopher] SEC approves Texas Stock Exchange, first new US inte...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       SEC approves Texas Stock Exchange, first new US integrated exchange
       in decades
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 477 points
       Date   : 2025-10-04 16:04 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cbsnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cbsnews.com)
        
       | cyanydeez wrote:
       | Can only imagine how washtrading will become like American pie.
        
         | philipallstar wrote:
         | There were already two exchanges. I don't think this changes
         | much.
        
           | kristianbrigman wrote:
           | NYSE, NASDAQ, but also AMEX...
        
           | this_user wrote:
           | There are currently about two dozen national securities
           | exchanges plus a whole lot of alternative trading venues,
           | broker internalisation, and whole market makers that match
           | orders directly. It's a highly fragmented market where one
           | additional exchange will have no substantial impact.
        
             | cyanydeez wrote:
             | One exchange in a failed, fascist state is a bit different.
        
           | eej71 wrote:
           | A good overview of the flow of volume through these various
           | venues can be found here. Bottom line - there are more than
           | two exchanges.
           | 
           | https://www.cboe.com/us/equities/market_share/
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | More than that, London and Tokyo both have well known
           | exchanges, and large US companies are often listed on both of
           | those as well. If you tried to tell me that no other country
           | has an exchange I'd call you a lair without bothering to fact
           | check you. (My impression is New York, London, and Tokyo are
           | the big ones that matter in the world and everything else is
           | a me too - but in their niche/country they may still be a big
           | deal)
           | 
           | Most smaller companies are just listing on something like
           | NASDAQ, which isn't confined to a city. With modern computers
           | the idea of an exchange in a city is not nearly as useful as
           | it was 150 years ago.
        
             | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
             | HK as well
        
       | viraptor wrote:
       | > world-class exchange rooted in alignment
       | 
       | Does this actually mean something specific?
        
         | chronic74939 wrote:
         | > Does this actually mean something specific?
         | 
         | Probably:
         | 
         | Trade matching algorithms (prorata, FIFO, TOP) and rules
         | (capital requirements, market impact definitions) will align
         | with the interests of the most profitable customers.
         | 
         | Citadel Securities, with their HFT-level returns of 50-100% per
         | year will not venture into a losing business.
         | 
         | Note, CitSec is different from Citadel (hedge fund), and the
         | hedge fund is also crazy with 40% annual return before fees
         | (past 20 years) and 19% after fees to the outside passive
         | investor.
        
           | brcmthrowaway wrote:
           | How does this compare to HRT?
        
         | pols45 wrote:
         | No. They have planted a seed and Trees don't grow overnight.
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | Enron 2.0
        
       | tcbawo wrote:
       | Is there anything interesting or novel about this exchange, other
       | than its headquarters are located in Texas? From what I can tell,
       | the primary data centers will be in New Jersey like all the
       | others.
        
         | janmo wrote:
         | Hopefully they will provide cheap market data like IEX did in
         | its beginning.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | Yeah, this is more competition on the scene. We should
           | welcome competition.
        
             | __d wrote:
             | Yes, but it's also another NMS venue that everyone needs to
             | connect to, so there's a cost as well.
        
           | ijidak wrote:
           | Is there a similar source you're aware of, cheap with a clean
           | API? Hated to lose IEX.
        
             | janmo wrote:
             | Depends what you are looking for. Is it real time quotes?
             | 
             | IEX data is now free after 15minutes instead of
             | 15milliseconds.
             | 
             | One option is the Databento US Equities Mini for 200 USD
             | per month. If I understand it correctly it is some sort of
             | weighted average between multiple exchanges.
        
               | neomantra wrote:
               | I've been happy with Databento as a low-friction way to
               | get market data. I liked it so much, I ported their
               | structs and APIs to Golang. [1]
               | 
               | Their EQUS Mini dataset is a great way to dip the toe if
               | you want live data without licensing restrictions.
               | Databento's article talks exactly about how it is
               | sourced, but it is not that it is averaged but
               | anonymized, specifically because of the complexities of
               | upstream exchange licensing. [2]
               | 
               | You don't have to pay $200 per month for that -- that's
               | for all-you-can-eat. You can experiment with pay as you
               | go.
               | 
               | You can use my dbn-go tools to help you... here's the
               | cost to get all the 1-day candlesticks for all the US
               | Equity Symbols for 1-year... which you could use to make
               | all sorts of charts and redistribute them freely (the
               | trickiest part honestly):                 $ dbn-go-hist
               | cost --dataset EQUS.SUMMARY -t 2024-07-01 -e 2025-07-01
               | -s ohlcv-1d ALL_SYMBOLS       EQUS.SUMMARY  ohlcv-1d   $
               | 4.380178  156772672 bytes  2799512 records            $
               | dbn-go-hist cost --dataset XNAS.ITCH -t 2024-07-01 -e
               | 2025-07-01 -s ohlcv-1d ALL_SYMBOLS       XNAS.ITCH
               | ohlcv-1d   $ 3.784698  135459632 bytes  2418922 records
               | 
               | So $4.38 for all that data or $3.78 for just the NASDAQ
               | exchange (not sure of redistribution of that one).
               | 
               | I hang out on their Slack. Today there was a deep
               | discussion about optimizing C++ SPSC queues, although it
               | is usually isn't too technical like that. They are pretty
               | transparent about how they implement things.
               | 
               | [1] https://github.com/NimbleMarkets/dbn-go
               | 
               | [2] https://databento.com/blog/databento-us-equities-
               | mini-now-av...
        
         | philipallstar wrote:
         | I imagine as businesses move away from NY and SF, they want
         | their stock exchange to move with them, and for similar
         | reasons.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | As far as I'm aware, all of the major exchanges in the US are
           | in NY or in Chicago, and even then, Chicago is mostly just
           | futures exchanges for commodities and not stock exchanges. So
           | unless you're headquartered in NYC (which most companies
           | listed on NYSE/NASDAQ are not), you're already not working
           | with a stock exchange in the same area as you, and failing to
           | collocate the stock exchange isn't really a detriment.
           | (Interestingly, even historically, when stock exchanges were
           | more plentiful in the country, there just doesn't seem to
           | have been much demand for a stock exchange on the west coast
           | at all.)
           | 
           | The main reason to move away from the NYSE or NASDAQ is if
           | you don't like the rules those stock exchanges have.
        
             | tsunamifury wrote:
             | Scams. The answer you are looking for is scams and fraud
        
           | thinkingtoilet wrote:
           | Why would businesses want to move away from the 4th largest
           | economy in the world to less successful states?
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | 40% lower labor costs, 60% political posturing.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | I'm sure all their infrastructure and probably the
               | majority of their employees will be in the NYC metro
               | area.
        
             | shortrounddev2 wrote:
             | Theres a lot of reasons people will list (cultural, cost of
             | living, quality of life) but the real answer is
             | 
             | 1. Texas is a corrupt state and you can bribe your way in
             | to power
             | 
             | 2. No income tax
        
           | kstrauser wrote:
           | And yet, it'll be inevitably be seen as the Dollar Store
           | stock exchange.
           | 
           | "Well, we IPOed!"
           | 
           | "Congratulations!"
           | 
           | "...in Texas."
           | 
           | "Do you need to use me as a reference?"
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Ah so no timing arbitrage in finding a place in Tennessee where
         | data arrives from both places milliseconds apart and you can
         | explore minor differences in pricing
        
         | no_circuit wrote:
         | Yes, from https://www.txse.com/solutions:
         | TXSE's goal is to provide greater alignment with issuers and
         | investors and address the high cost of going and staying
         | public.
         | 
         | The alignment part translates IMO to avoiding political /
         | social science policy issues like avoiding affirmative action
         | listing requirements like the Nasdaq Board Diversity Rules that
         | was just recently repealed:
         | https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2025/01/12/fifth-circuit-
         | vac....
         | 
         | So it is as one might imagine, the formation was probably for
         | similar reasons why owners are moving their company
         | registration out of Delaware.
        
           | abirch wrote:
           | Delaware protects the shareholders. It's uncertain what will
           | happen in Texas.
           | 
           | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-02-01/texas-.
           | .. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2025-02-03/texa
           | s-...
        
             | username332211 wrote:
             | I'm sorry but what?
             | 
             | Delaware law exclusively protects the interests of the
             | board of directors. It allows for a unique provision - the
             | hilariously misnamed "Shareholders Rights Plan" that enable
             | a board of directors to issue shares as they please, in
             | order to make sure every attempt at takeover isn't against
             | the interests of the directors.
             | 
             | The only check on the power of the board in a Delaware
             | corporation is the Delaware court of chancellery.
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | The irony is that the Levine article the parent provided
               | argues that DE did the exact opposite of shareholder
               | wishes!
               | 
               |  _> it is weird that Tesla's management and board of
               | directors and (a large majority of) shareholders all
               | agreed that Musk should get paid $55.8 billion for
               | creating $600 billion of shareholder value, and he did do
               | that, and he got paid that, and a judge overruled that
               | decision and ordered him to give back the money. I can
               | see why Musk -- and Tesla's board, and its shareholders
               | -- would find that objectionable! They're trying to run a
               | company here._
        
           | underlipton wrote:
           | In a structurally-biased environment, the loss of policies
           | that counteract that bias does not allow companies to "avoid"
           | politics and social science; it allows them to take the side
           | in favor of the structurally-biased status quo. Just so we're
           | clear about what that is.
        
         | piltdownman wrote:
         | Run by Blackrock & Citadel, instigated in part to circumvent
         | DEI protections, in a State that can't keep their power grid
         | stable, promising less regulations for the people running it
         | and listing their companies on it.
         | 
         | Simply put, this is Republicans pushing for "Y'all Street".
         | Target one will be earnings reports, but the eventual push will
         | be to not be overseen by the SEC in some important capacity.
        
           | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
           | > in part to circumvent DEI protections
           | 
           | Those were struck down 11 months ago, though?
           | 
           | > eventual push will be to not be overseen by the SEC
           | 
           | But no crimes will be committed, because they're trustworthy
           | businessmen
        
           | lupusreal wrote:
           | > DEI protections
           | 
           | Forgive my ignorance, but what does that mean in this
           | context?
        
             | crowcroft wrote:
             | I don't think the NYSE had any DEI requirements, but the
             | NASDAQ created a rule where boards needed some minority
             | representation in order to be listed. That rule was
             | challenged and overturned in court though.
             | 
             | > On August 6, 2021, the SEC approved Nasdaq's proposed
             | diversity rule for companies listed on its exchange. The
             | rule required Nasdaq-listed companies to (1) publicly
             | disclose board-level demographic data annually and (2)
             | have, or explain why they do not have, a certain number of
             | diverse directors on their boards. Companies with more than
             | five board members were required to have two members from
             | an underrepresented group, including one female and one
             | person who self-identifies as Black, Hispanic, Asian,
             | Native American, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific
             | Islander, biracial, or LGBTQ+.
             | 
             | https://ogletree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/fifth-
             | cir...
        
               | lupusreal wrote:
               | Sounds illegal, no wonder the courts tossed it.
        
           | hiatus wrote:
           | > will be to not be overseen by the SEC in some important
           | capacity.
           | 
           | How would a securities exchange avoid being regulated by the
           | securities and exchange commission?
        
             | hbarka wrote:
             | When you have headlines like this: https://www.ft.com/conte
             | nt/55d4c6e5-663b-4b09-a374-1a607f82a...
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | Relevancy to the question raised above, aside, that's a
               | bad article headline as it doesn't match the contents.
               | 
               | SEC Chair says they are going to hunt crooks more
               | aggressively, but won't leverage dawn raids as much to
               | chase technical violations.
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | > SEC set to see hundreds leave through buyout,
               | retirement offers
               | https://www.politico.com/news/2025/03/21/sec-buyouts-
               | retirem...
               | 
               | > US SEC buyouts hit legal, investment divisions hardest,
               | data shows https://www.reuters.com/business/world-at-
               | work/secs-legal-in...
               | 
               | > SEC Formally Withdraws Fourteen Rule Proposals
               | https://www.proskauer.com/alert/sec-withdraws-fourteen-
               | rule-...
               | 
               | The actions generally do not seem to match the words, and
               | seem to point to a general trend of deregulation and lack
               | of oversight (as the administration has said they would
               | do, and especially in the crypto space has essentially
               | stopped prosecuting crimes)
        
               | caminante wrote:
               | Going up-thread, here's the original claim under
               | contention:
               | 
               |  _> > will be to not be overseen by the SEC in some
               | important capacity._
               | 
               | Your articles don't dispute this.
               | 
               | As for whether oversight will be "weaker" and more de-
               | regulated, maybe.
               | 
               | 1. There's a headcount reduction. At worst, there's a
               | quote that some really experienced watchdogs are out the
               | door. Hard to tell until we get outcomes.
               | 
               | 2. As for withdrawal of proposals, look closer.
               | 
               |  _> Although most observers doubted that the current
               | Commission would adopt these proposals_
               | 
               | Which makes it sound like the proposals were just
               | withdrawn for later submittal and new discussion.
               | Footnote #1 goes into how this isn't really
               | unprecedented, citing similar withdrawals (or resets)
               | under the Biden admin.
        
               | hobs wrote:
               | Sure, I am just saying the comment about "hunting crooks
               | more aggressively" seems to run counter to their anti-
               | regulation stance, and their active lack of hunting
               | crooks.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | > How would a securities exchange avoid being regulated by
             | the securities and exchange commission?
             | 
             | By having a Governor who's friendly with the President?
             | 
             | The President has a good amount of sway over the SEC.
             | https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/legal/2025/03/03/sec-
             | dr...
        
           | eej71 wrote:
           | Consider a broader range of news sources in your daily diet.
        
           | ecshafer wrote:
           | This is tinfoil hat conspiracy thinking.
        
             | toss1 wrote:
             | Right. Just like all the autocratic Project 2025 plans,
             | defunding healthcare to give tax breaks to billionaires,
             | sending US military to police US cities, and all the other
             | current actions were " tinfoil hat conspiracy thinking".
             | 
             | There is a party actively committed to implementing
             | autocracy as fast as it can. To willfully ignore that and
             | attempt to deflect from it as you are doing is wrong.
             | 
             | Moreover, if you don't think an autocracy will hurt _YOU_
             | because you are in some protected group, you are wrong --
             | it might not hurt you first, but it _will_ hurt everyone,
             | including you.
        
               | hunterpayne wrote:
               | Moved on from the fascist rhetoric I see.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | People online like to yak about the woke nonsense.
         | 
         | Reality is there are tax and regulatory advantages. The courts
         | are setup in a way that is favorable to business. They read a
         | very strict interpretation of contracts which is good in some
         | scenarios.
         | 
         | Texas politics is a train wreck, but their bureaucracy is
         | pretty good for a business - things like permitting and other
         | regulatory processes are faster. They also will firehouse you
         | with incentives.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | > Reality is there are tax and regulatory advantages. The
           | courts are setup in a way that is favorable to business. They
           | read a very strict interpretation of contracts which is good
           | in some scenarios.
           | 
           | > Texas politics is a train wreck, but their bureaucracy is
           | pretty good for a business - things like permitting and other
           | regulatory processes are faster. They also will firehouse you
           | with incentives.
           | 
           | None of that is really relevant to a stock exchange though.
           | Being on the Texas stock exchange doesn't mean you are
           | subject to Texas laws and regulations just like being on the
           | New York Stock Exchange doesn't subject you to New York laws
           | and regulations.
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | Speculation (no pun intended), but ...
         | 
         | CEO OF Robinhood has been talking about offering crypto as a
         | vector for acquiring shares for private companies:
         | 
         | https://www.sec.gov/about/crypto-task-force/written-submissi...
         | 
         | This admin and this new exchange would probably allow all kinds
         | of nonsense to be publicly traded compared to other exchanges.
         | 
         | We've got three more years to go and this exchange, or anything
         | new that happens in Texas is absolutely going to be tied with
         | deregulatory ambitions.
        
           | threetonesun wrote:
           | Seems especially suspicious with the 401k executive order,
           | like a nice avenue to get unaware people invested in digital
           | Beanie Babies.
        
           | tsunamifury wrote:
           | You mean that ceo that hawks scam coins as fraudulent ways to
           | invest in OpenAI.
        
             | ivape wrote:
             | OpenAI will be the largest IPO in quite some time, so I
             | totally see why RH is trying to profit off of additional
             | derivatives on this thing. Volume will be off the charts.
        
       | 3D30497420 wrote:
       | This reads like a press release.
       | 
       | Here's an article that appears to provide a bit more perspective:
       | https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/txse-says-sec-appro...
       | 
       | Also, this is a fun nugget from the Reuters article about this
       | new exchange providing competition to NYSE and NASDAQ:
       | 
       | > But those rivals are not sitting idly by. On March 31, the NYSE
       | opened its own Texas outpost, disclosing that Trump Media &
       | Technology would be the first company to list there.
        
         | 1659447091 wrote:
         | Adding another source from the Texas Tribune I posted a day or
         | two ago but never gained interest
         | 
         | https://www.texastribune.org/2025/10/06/texas-stock-exchange...
        
       | cozzyd wrote:
       | Hope they have ample backup power
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Doesn't matter where you are you need that. There is no place
         | in the world where the grid is reliable enough that someone who
         | wants to operate with high reliability can get by without ample
         | backup power. Grid power is normally a lot cheaper than running
         | backup power (that is the capital and maintenance costs are
         | sunk costs, just counting fuel) so it isn't worth disconnecting
         | from the grid despite having enough backup power that you
         | could.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | There are grids where you are planning for hours of power
           | outage, grids where you plan for days, and grids where you
           | plan for weeks. Texas is in that last category. And you have
           | to ensure your internet uplink has similarly reliable backup
           | power
        
           | qaq wrote:
           | some former soviet industrial parks are like that. They had
           | redundant direct lines from say local power plant, a direct
           | line from fairly far geographically removed Nuclear power
           | plant and regular grid. They were classified as critical
           | consumer so hospitals would get cut from the grid before they
           | would.
        
           | sethhochberg wrote:
           | One of my previous employers only lost our east-coast colo
           | facility twice in their couple decades of existence:
           | 
           | - once when the DC ran out of diesel and couldn't get any
           | more after Hurricane Sandy
           | 
           | - once when the backup generators caught fire and the fire
           | department needed to kill grid power to the facility
           | 
           | Everything else is pretty reliable or easier to decouple from
           | the local real world
        
         | leetharris wrote:
         | Texas loses power one time for a week and the redditors will
         | never let it go. Wild how this is still a cringe joke so many
         | years later.
        
           | micromacrofoot wrote:
           | it was an avoidable catastrophe, not just a minor blip
           | 
           | I still remember the northeast blackout from 2003 too and
           | that was only a part of a day for me
        
           | avgDev wrote:
           | "There have been 263 power outages across Texas since 2019,
           | more than any other state, each lasting an average of 160
           | minutes and impacting an estimated average of 172,000 Texans,
           | according to an analysis by electricity retailer Payless
           | Power (https://paylesspower.com/blog/blackout-tracker/)"
           | 
           | Also in 2021 210 people died. This is a huge deal. This
           | wasn't just a little outage.
        
             | leetharris wrote:
             | What you talked about is not a Texas grid problem, but a
             | local problem. The Texas grid itself is very reliable.
             | 
             | > Also in 2021 210 people died. This is a huge deal. This
             | wasn't just a little outage.
             | 
             | Yes, a rare storm knocked out power and people died. It is
             | a big deal and a lot of things changed after the event.
             | 
             | But I want to put it into perspective. In 2024, ~62,800
             | people in Europe died to heat-related events.
        
               | lgregg wrote:
               | Yeah, but that isn't really an apples to apples
               | comparison. Texas for example had ~400 heat deaths in
               | 2024 depending on where you look but in 2023 it was 334
               | or 563 depending on your criteria [1].
               | 
               | >But I want to put it into perspective. In 2024, ~62,800
               | people in Europe died to heat-related events.
               | 
               | Most of these deaths are not because of electrification
               | but the fact that homes are built out of bricks and
               | mortar and become ovens with heat waves that get hotter
               | each year and ~10% to ~20% [2] of homes in Europe have
               | air conditioning meanwhile ~95% [3] of homes have air
               | conditioning. Your apples to oranges comparison mostly
               | shows how Europe is generically unprepared for climate
               | adaption (specifically heat resilience) and has nothing
               | to do with electrification stability.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.texasenvironment.org/news-room/heat-
               | related-deat... [2] It's all over the place some places
               | like UK are around 5% adoption while southern Europe can
               | be close to as much as 95% adoption. [3] https://www.eia.
               | gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/...
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | It's a perfect apples-to-apples comparison if you level
               | accusations of grid incompetence at Texas. Should all
               | those EU homes suddenly go out and buy AC, EU power grids
               | would have to enact massive load shedding during heat
               | waves. Such waves already push demand up, causing local
               | blackouts and price spikes: https://www.ft.com/content/23
               | b3dc59-b40f-48e2-ad93-e301de7ac...
        
               | ohthanks wrote:
               | The vast majority of these 400 heat deaths have nothing
               | to do with the power grid. They are people living
               | outdoors, roofers, elderly, etc. When the temps hit 105+
               | for long periods there are bound to be people who don't
               | have access to AC or overexert themselves outdoors.
        
             | ecshafer wrote:
             | That website shows California as currently worse. It looks
             | like Larger states just have more power outages, which is
             | to be expected. Texas also is a weird state that is very
             | large it gets Tornadoes, extreme heat, and hurricanes,
             | while also having several very large metro areas in it.
             | There also isn't anything indicated differences in grid
             | monitoring, are all grids (like large rural grids)
             | monitored to the same levels?
        
               | throwway120385 wrote:
               | California has power outages as a matter of routine in
               | some places. When I went there the rural areas were
               | constantly experiencing load-shedding power outages and
               | some of the rural lodging advertised that they had backup
               | generators because this is so routine there.
        
               | schlauerfox wrote:
               | also selective exurban areas, for fire prevention, might
               | be skewing the numbers. our datacenters in the city don't
               | get these outages.
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | We also have a lot more growth in the past few years than
               | most other places, both in relative terms, and in
               | absolute (big state + high growth introduces more
               | absolute friction than small state). Demand is forecast
               | to rise over 20% from 2024 levels vs. an American average
               | under 5%: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/images/2025.0
               | 7.31/main.svg
               | 
               | We have high power demand in both winter and summer: in
               | the latter, air conditioners use a lot; in the former,
               | about half of Texans heat with electricity because we
               | have less cold and so less usage of cost-effective, grid-
               | preserving furnaces.
               | 
               | Texas has been building a ton of wind and solar to
               | supplement generation capacity and is taking some
               | leadership in the next-gen nuclear stuff for a reliable
               | base load, but in the mean time the shortage of CCGTs is
               | going to bite in a state where demand goes up this much,
               | this fast. SB6 passed this summer also should help with
               | reasonable control and oversight.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | 90% of the Texas grid is independent from the rest of the
               | country
        
             | bpodgursky wrote:
             | Texas has installed a vast number of solar and battery
             | backup systems since 2019. And it will be a few years, but
             | is going HEAVILY into nuclear (and for the next 3.5, is
             | going to get auto-approval to actually build them. ERCOT is
             | changing fast, don't rehash stale narratives.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | Also wind, more than 40GW installed capacity, leading the
               | USA and ahead of many other countries.
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | Only as long as the Texas politicians don't sabotage
               | wind. Texas businesses make lots of money on wind, but
               | the legislature and governor absolutely hate it.
        
             | terminalshort wrote:
             | So about one every 9 days that affects 0.55% of the
             | population. So in a 3 year window a Texan has about a 50%
             | chance of losing power for 2.5 hours. Seems pretty good to
             | me.
        
           | coherentpony wrote:
           | > Texas loses power one time for a week and the redditors
           | will never let it go. Wild how this is still a cringe joke so
           | many years later.
           | 
           | Texas had the most number of power outages between 2019 and
           | 2023 [1].
           | 
           | It wasn't one time. And it's not a joke. Infrastructure
           | weatherization is a very real overlooked (and expensive)
           | investment that still has not taken place.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/116952/docume
           | nts/...
        
             | leetharris wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | coherentpony wrote:
               | You originally called someone a redditor making a cringe
               | joke for highlighting a serious historical problem. It
               | wasn't clear to me that it was a joke at all, but my
               | impression is that it seemed clear to you that it was a
               | joke.
               | 
               | What if that person has also lived in Texas for 30 years?
               | And what if they had a family member that died during
               | that power grid failure in 2021? I personally would find
               | it quite difficult to communicate to them the nuance of a
               | local problem and a state-wide problem when the end
               | result is the same: no power.
               | 
               | In the future, you might consider approaching an
               | interaction online with more balanced judgement.
               | 
               | Edit: Actually, looking back at the original comment,
               | it's not even clear they're talking about the Texas power
               | outage in 2021. All they said was "Hope they have ample
               | backup power." Seems like a reasonable thing to hope for
               | what might be critical infrastructure.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Maybe you got a bit lucky.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis#Bac
               | kgr...
               | 
               | > In 2011, Texas was hit by the Groundhog Day blizzard
               | between February 1 and 5, resulting in rolling blackouts
               | across more than 75% of the state... Following this
               | disaster, the North American Electric Reliability
               | Corporation made several recommendations for upgrading
               | Texas's electrical infrastructure to prevent a similar
               | event occurring in the future, but these recommendations
               | were ignored due to the cost of winterizing the systems.
               | 
               | > Unlike other power interconnections, Texas does not
               | require a reserve margin of power capacity beyond what is
               | expected. A 2019 North American Electric Reliability
               | Corporation report found that ERCOT had a low anticipated
               | reserve margin of generation capacity and was the only
               | part of the country without sufficient resources
               | available to meet projected peak summer electricity
               | demand.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | If I hadn't been reading headlines I wouldn't have even
               | known about the 2011 blackout, and I was definitely here
               | for that. Things were pretty much normal for everyone
               | around me and friends around the state (Houston, Austin,
               | DFW, Lubbock, San Antonio, etc). The Superbowl even went
               | ahead in AT&T stadium. It really wasn't as big of a deal
               | as a lot of internet commenters seem to act like.
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | I lived in Texas and we never got rolling blackouts for
               | this. We didn't hear about it from family and friends in
               | every major Texas city. Maybe this means 75% of the state
               | by area rather than population? We just didn't drive
               | because much of Texas isn't set up to clear roads and,
               | more importantly, few of our drivers know how to deal
               | with snow and so most get very unsafe to drive around.
               | 
               | The report your wikipedia article cites for 75% says
               | this: "In the case of ERCOT, where rolling blackouts
               | affected the largest number of customers (3.2 million),
               | there were 3100 MW of responsive reserves available on
               | the first day of the event, compared to a minimum
               | requirement of 2300 MW." So an eighth or so of Texas' ~25
               | million population in 2011.
        
           | jjk166 wrote:
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/edhirs/2024/12/09/after-4-years.
           | ..
        
           | cozzyd wrote:
           | I'm not sure what is meant by Redditors... I haven't used
           | Reddit in many years.
           | 
           | Admittedly anectodal, but I don't remember any power outage
           | here in Chicago over the last 11 years I lived here, but I
           | was in Texas for work for a few weeks this summer at the NASA
           | balloon base and there were multiple power outages.
        
             | next_xibalba wrote:
             | The Houston metro area is particularly bad. When I lived in
             | Austin, the outages were very rare. In Houston, I would
             | guess there is at least 1 outage every month that lasts for
             | an hour on average.
        
             | vel0city wrote:
             | Anecdotal, but I've lived in DFW for over a decade. The
             | only time I lost power for more than a minute was due to a
             | drunk driver hitting a utility pole just outside my house.
             | They had the pole fixed and everything working again within
             | an hour.
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | Having lived in both DFW and Houston, I will definitely
               | say Houston's infrastructure is much more fragile, but
               | the weather is also much more extreme.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | Yes, I agree. It was common to lose power for a day or so
               | when the big hurricanes rolled through growing up
               | Houston.
        
             | skeaker wrote:
             | "Redditor" in this context is just an internet-savvy way of
             | saying "sheeple."
        
           | next_xibalba wrote:
           | Texan here. Going without power for a week during the 2021
           | winter black out really, really sucked. It had huge economic
           | consequences.
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | Texas' grid was very reliable when I was growing up there.
           | Since deregulation however, it's no longer reliable. It used
           | to be mandated that grid facilities were overbuilt to have
           | some headroom for emergencies. That's no longer true. Now,
           | Texas utilities only maintain the minimum infrastructure
           | needed for normal operations and they have no cushion if
           | something goes wrong. Any CEO of a Texas utility that spends
           | money building overcapacity gets fired by Wall Street.
           | 
           | This was supposed to change after the 2021 crisis, but I
           | haven't seen much evidence that it has.
        
             | tonyhart7 wrote:
             | in many country, electric(or energy) is state company
             | 
             | that way any infrastructure that related to serve the
             | citizen well being isn't exploited for profit
             | 
             | why US can't do this????
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | The US did do this for most of the 20th century. Or at
               | least something close to this: Many utilities were
               | private companies but they were regulated monopolies. The
               | state allowed them to be monopolies in exchange for tight
               | state control.
               | 
               | In the 1990s this started to change. The idea was that
               | the different utilities could compete for customers, and
               | thus they wouldn't be monopolies any more and thus market
               | forces would take the place of government regulation.
               | 
               | Of course this has failed spectacularly. Deregulation
               | brought us the Enron disaster and the 2021 Texas grid
               | crisis, among others. But since corporations control the
               | US government now, there's no chance regulation will be
               | brought back.
        
               | tredre3 wrote:
               | I'm surprised that you put the blame squarely on the the
               | (bought) government.
               | 
               | Deregulation and "free" markets are something that many
               | americans actively want. You can argue that they're
               | misinformed and they're advocating against their own
               | self-interest. But it's still something they actively
               | want, this isn't just the evil corporations taking
               | control of the corrupt government.
               | 
               | In fact on this very site I'd wager that more than half
               | of Americans users are against regulation in general,
               | state ownership of any utility, or any additional control
               | on financial markets.
        
               | tonyhart7 wrote:
               | Yeah, free market is great until some company is reach
               | certain size and monopolies certain shares and forces to
               | bend the market at will
               | 
               | and US citizen let them do it, how can't you vote the fck
               | out of this is crazy
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | It's not just the "snowpocalypse". In Houston, for example,
           | there have been multi-day power outages since then, often
           | during hot weather where lack of adequate cooling can become
           | a life-threatening concern. Personally I don't find it any
           | more "cringe" than the weird boasting people like to do about
           | our state.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | I doubt the exchange infrastructure will be physically located
         | in Texas.
        
           | HolyLampshade wrote:
           | In fact, it won't be. Which is why NYSE was so quick to
           | rebrand NYSE Chicago as NYSE Texas when TXSE made the
           | announcement they were launching in Equinix NY4 in Secaucus.
           | The only real differentiator these guys would have had
           | (outside of listings rules) would have been location, but
           | they opted for the lower resistance of locating with all the
           | other markets.
        
         | chronic74939 wrote:
         | > Hope they have ample backup power
         | 
         | Texas has more reliable electricity than California
         | 
         | considering the California electricity provider PG&E shuts off
         | the electricity _multiple times a year_ when it gets windy
         | outside, to prevent power lines falling (due to lazy
         | maintenance) and starting a wildfire
         | 
         | I wonder where the California's additional 13% tax on capital
         | gains is being spent? SF parking ticket enforcement?
        
           | tsunamifury wrote:
           | What did California have to do with this other than
           | everything you are saying being laughable cope and false.
           | 
           | (Regional controlled brownouts and state wide power grid
           | failure are not comparable)
        
           | lighthazard wrote:
           | Wondering why you'd bring up California in a discussion about
           | Texas.
        
             | wmeredith wrote:
             | Whataboutism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism
        
             | bdcravens wrote:
             | "us versus them", "blue vs red", "liberals vs
             | conservatives"
             | 
             | Texas is the favorite punching bag of the left, and
             | California is the favorite punching bag for the right. When
             | one side is attacked, they defensively jump to the default.
             | Which is kind of ironic, when you consider there's more
             | Democrats in Texas than in many "blue" states, and the
             | inverse is also true for California.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | I can find many Republican representatives, Trump, and
               | media personalities insulting New York with sweeping
               | generalizations and hateful rhetoric.
               | 
               | The only negative comments from Democrat representatives
               | and the media on the left I see is are critical of
               | specific laws, for example abortion, but they don't
               | insult the entire state or generalize.
               | 
               | If you need specific quotes let me know.
        
           | avgDev wrote:
           | According to this Texas is the worst.
           | 
           | https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO05/20240312/116952/HHRG.
           | ..
        
         | J_Shelby_J wrote:
         | Equinix Dallas was hours from running out of fuel during the
         | last snowpocalypse.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | It would be helpful for readers to know what Equinix is
           | 
           | > Equinix's infrastructure supports the digital services
           | businesses rely on, from cloud computing and enterprise
           | applications to content delivery and financial trading
           | platforms.
        
             | the_duke wrote:
             | They are a very popular "high end" server colocation
             | provider and have their own network with many peering
             | agreements.
             | 
             | A lot of large companies put their servers into Equinix
             | data centers.
        
           | ddtaylor wrote:
           | Is this saying it was "hours away" and safe or "hours away"
           | and nearly missed a disaster? I assume the latter.
        
             | dr-smooth wrote:
             | reminds me of "you can't put too much water in a nuclear
             | reactor" from SNL...
        
               | htareque wrote:
               | For the curious: https://archive.org/details/saturday-
               | night-live-s-10-e-06-ed... @ 53:42
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Presumably they've learned from that experience.
        
             | mayhemducks wrote:
             | Hahahahahahahahhahaaaaaa hahahaaaaahaaah hahhahaaaa!!!!!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I'm assuming you interpreted _they_ as ERCOT with that
               | response
        
             | atmavatar wrote:
             | Clearly, they spent a few hours too much on their backup
             | capacity.
        
           | Wohlf wrote:
           | An exchange having to stop trading and gracefully shut down
           | their systems for a few days doesn't really strike me as a
           | disaster though.
        
             | IsTom wrote:
             | It might be slightly inconvenient to people who want to
             | sell their shares.
        
               | terminalshort wrote:
               | Not really because there are a lot of stock markets these
               | days.
        
               | ta12653421 wrote:
               | But depending on the setup, often you just cant "sell the
               | one thing at another exchange which you bought earlier at
               | a different exchange", sure this depends on the
               | country/etc.
        
               | terminalshort wrote:
               | There may be some odd financial instrument that can only
               | be traded on a single exchange, but that's generally not
               | going to be something that is liquid enough for HFT
               | trading anyway. The idea that a stock is listed "on the
               | NYSE" and can only be traded there is a quaint
               | anachronism. e.g. https://help.tradestation.com/10_00/eng
               | /tradestationhelp/rou...
        
             | rchaud wrote:
             | The NYSE was only closed for 3 business days after 9/11.
             | Uptime is important for listed companies.
        
           | htrp wrote:
           | Wild! Source?
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | I know of one DC that does government hosting so that they
           | get prioritized to keep the lights on.
        
       | SkipperCat wrote:
       | The Miami stock exchange (MIAX) has their matching engines
       | colocated in Equinix's NY4 data center in Secaucus NJ, much like
       | many other exchanges. I would not be surprised if TXSE does the
       | same.
       | 
       | Many trading firms already have their trading engines in that
       | data center and I would assume TXSE would want quick access to
       | that order flow and this might be easier if they are in NY4.
       | 
       | Of course, they may want to have their colo facilities in TX in
       | their own data center, that way they can rent out space and make
       | some extra revenue, but then they'd have to build that out.
        
         | Bluecobra wrote:
         | If anything they will build a backup DC in Texas so they can
         | hold that over NJ in case the local government starts talking
         | about transaction taxes again. The CME is currently building a
         | "backup" private Google Cloud datacenter in Dallas.
        
           | chronic74939 wrote:
           | > The CME is currently building a "backup" private Google
           | Cloud datacenter in Dallas.
           | 
           | This has been "in progress" for over 5 years now.
        
             | vslira wrote:
             | Probably doesn't ever need to be completed, just in the
             | works as a reminder every time the aforementioned taxes are
             | floated as an idea
        
         | chrismustcode wrote:
         | Couldn't they just send some hardware down Texas to co-locate
         | there (presuming specialist hardware) and add another
         | deployment target for their software? Would it be that hard?
        
           | indoordin0saur wrote:
           | The issue is the speed of light.
        
             | terminalshort wrote:
             | Not really because anyone running a trading strategy that
             | needs to worry about latency is already running their
             | servers in the same datacenter as the exchange, so that
             | just moves with it. What probably is an issue is that the
             | datacenters required for a market don't look like AWS
             | datacenters. I don't have any direct experience here, but I
             | would be shocked if HFT software is something you could
             | just deploy to a standard VM like on AWS.
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | They'd probably be running in an Equinix facility instead
               | of AWS.
        
             | leecarraher wrote:
             | for an interesting reversal of the "problem" of the speed
             | of light, IEX is a stock exchange design to combat HFT by
             | adding a physical speed bump by way of 38 miles of fiber
             | optic cable. The general idea being to level the playing
             | field and improve market liquidity using physical
             | communication limits of light.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEX
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | That marketing gimic adds hundreds of microseconds to
               | order latency. It's not designed to level any playing
               | fields it's designed to get publicity.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | The speed of light limits fibre speed which in turn limits
           | high-frequency trading.
           | 
           | Flash Boys by Michael Lewis was a fun read on the subject.
           | One memorable quote alleged that HFT traders would "sell
           | their grandmothers for a microsecond [of edge]"
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | TXSE has also made overtures about putting live trading in New
         | Jersey like everyone else, but they may be putting their back-
         | end in Texas.
        
         | robocat wrote:
         | > I would assume TXSE would want quick access to that order
         | flow
         | 
         | Perhaps Texas could use a different trading model that doesn't
         | require ultra high speed trading.
         | 
         | Matt Levine often mulls the idea of a system with a trading
         | window that doesn't let the fastest connection to the order
         | book win. Perhaps an order book that works at human speeds so
         | humans can trade too (I can think of a few ways to do it - but
         | would need modelling to try and figure what actually works). He
         | points out that most trades are done in the last hour, so
         | really trading only needs to occur once a day.
         | 
         | The issue is whether a market trading system can be designed
         | with suitable restrictions that _beats_ the current market
         | design (for listed companies and for traders).
         | 
         | Designing markets is hard because you have to assume every
         | player is selfish and only cooperates where it is to their
         | benefit and will defect or cheat if the incentives of the
         | market encourage that (Enron in the California energy markets).
         | 
         | Unlikely since SEC would need to approve of a different system
         | of market trade incentives.
         | 
         | Edit: Personally I would like to see an exchange that was more
         | international. I'm from New Zealand and our good businesses
         | often list on the Australian exchange rather than the NZSX. The
         | system of ADRs for other countries feels like a massive hack.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > He points out that most trades are done in the last hour,
           | so really trading only needs to occur once a day.
           | 
           | Presumably then the last trader has the most information, and
           | so the game would be getting the info as late as possible and
           | trading as late as possible, but not too late.
        
             | schlauerfox wrote:
             | That's one thing that will make blockchain trading
             | interesting as it's discreet block by block, such as the
             | ex-dividend date who holds a stock when the dividends are
             | paid, might make fees for that block very competitive. The
             | SEC is really struggling now with good regulation but it's
             | coming end of the year to draw the line in the sand.
        
               | stuartjohnson12 wrote:
               | I was going to make the old joke about discrete vs
               | discreet but I suppose that blockchain trading is both.
        
               | jdonaldson wrote:
               | throw in discreate as well :)
        
           | phinnaeus wrote:
           | And Australian companies often list in the US.
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | IEX tried this to much fanfare. Turns out most participants
           | don't particularly care about that as a motivating factor.
        
             | peterbonney wrote:
             | I'd say IEX has done remarkably well - it's not likely to
             | displace NASDAQ or NYSE but it has solidified its place as
             | the #3 US exchange by any reasonable measure. If TXSE
             | achieves comparable market share I'd call that a wild
             | success.
             | 
             | You're not wrong to say that most participants don't care
             | about what IEX offers, but enough do to make a meaningful
             | dent in trading volume.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | It's definitely not 3rd place. That's cboe and it's not
               | close. It's hanging around with ~2% of the trade volume.
               | 
               | https://www.cboe.com/us/equities/market_statistics/
               | 
               | I don't know if that is "remarkably well" but it
               | certainly isn't some market paradigm shift.
               | 
               | If you were to tell me in 10 years the Texas exchange
               | would have 2% of the market I'd believe you. But I'd
               | still not be terribly impressed.
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | IEX is "3rd place" in their mind only because the other
               | 12 exchanges are owned by two companies. IEX is 13/13 for
               | volume, and the main reason they have any volume is
               | because IEX sometimes has the NBBO so you have to trade
               | there per reg NMS.
        
               | peterbonney wrote:
               | You're right, my view is way out of date. I didn't
               | realize CBOE had grown so much in straight equities
               | trading. IEX is the best of the rest, but it's NYSE,
               | NASDAQ and (to my surprise) CBOE as the clear top 3.
        
               | mtoner23 wrote:
               | Cboe miax and memx are all doing better than IEX
        
               | usefulcat wrote:
               | > #3 US exchange by any reasonable measure
               | 
               | According to their stats, they are usually around 3% of
               | the market:
               | 
               | https://iextrading.com/stats/
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | That's what always surprises me when folks bring this up.
             | Nobody in the market cares. Institutional investor
             | experience some of the lowest trading cost in history.
             | These complaints are most often coming from retail traders
             | where again I don't follow the argument. Instead of some
             | guy on the floor picking up dollars with have machines
             | picking up pennies. This is a win for everyone.
        
               | fijiaarone wrote:
               | Nobody in the market cares because everyone in the market
               | are cheaters. There is a huge untapped potential of
               | people outside the current market that do not participate
               | because they know the market is rigged against them.
               | 
               | A fair market could be huge, but the trick is keeping it
               | fair. It used to be more fair, and we used to have a
               | healthier economy because of it.
               | 
               | It's not like most of the unfairness in the current
               | market couldn't be dealt with, probably with laws already
               | on the books. Most HFT strategies are not only blatantly
               | dishonest but also clearly illegal. The government looks
               | the other way though, because corruption.
        
               | usefulcat wrote:
               | > Most HFT strategies are not only blatantly dishonest
               | but also clearly illegal.
               | 
               | What specific strategies are you referring to? Genuinely
               | curious.
        
           | twothreeone wrote:
           | "Most trades" doesn't necessarily mean "most profitable
           | trades" ;)
        
           | AaronM wrote:
           | If trades were batch processed say every 5 seconds, and
           | randomized in the case of ties would that solve the fastest
           | connection issue?
        
             | throwawaymaths wrote:
             | IIUC being fast is not as much of a problem as dropping in
             | a bid and cancelling it at the last moment
        
             | valkmit wrote:
             | Also it just changes the nature of the game. There's no
             | incentive to interact with the batch until the absolute
             | last microsecond. It will still be dominated by latency-
             | sensitive participants, just in a manner where the
             | difference between visible liquidity and latent liquidity
             | is even more diverged from reality (on average).
        
           | pants2 wrote:
           | One interesting approach to this is the gas auction system in
           | DeFi where (on Ethereum) traders bid to have their trades
           | included first in a block, and that additional payment is
           | burned / accretive to ETH holders. Though that turns "fastest
           | connection" into "highest bidder" advantage.
           | 
           | Another approach that Aztec and some others are taking is to
           | shield all transactions with zkSNARKs such that the intent of
           | a transaction isn't known until it's completed. Combined with
           | deterministic block times you could force random ordering of
           | transactions in batches, effectively mitigating the fastest
           | connection OR highest bidder advantage.
        
             | idiotsecant wrote:
             | The real question is whether we even need stock exchange
             | organizations if we can do it all on chain without them. I
             | think the only thing you really need is someone to handle
             | the stock ownership credentials in the event that legal
             | action require involuntary transfers, that sort of thing.
             | That could be a much smaller footprint organization, I
             | think.
        
               | pants2 wrote:
               | That's the promise of tokenized securities! Securitize +
               | BlackRock are trying to make that happen. This should
               | remove a lot of middlemen to the trading and settlement
               | process.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | I suppose you could but the problem is that the liquidity
           | would be either shit or more charitably very different to
           | other exchanges that already do what they're supposed to do.
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | Just make all positions irrevocable for at least 10 seconds
           | after posting.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Just make all positions irrevocable for at least 10
             | seconds after posting_
             | 
             | Sounds great for Wall Street. Spreads would necessarily
             | widen as people buffer out. Meanwhile, you've turned every
             | lit order into a 10-second option for market participants.
             | Which means there is still a latency advantage to lifting
             | or hitting a standing order first.
        
               | throwawaymaths wrote:
               | only if you make those bids visible. the bids are held in
               | a buffer and at the end of the buffer, it either
               | completes a trade or appears on the order book. iirc some
               | market tried to do this with a literal loop with a
               | physical latency.
        
           | softwreoutthere wrote:
           | why would they do that? the system is designed to reward
           | asymmetry.
        
           | usefulcat wrote:
           | > Perhaps Texas could use a different trading model that
           | doesn't require ultra high speed trading.
           | 
           | What would that look like? Periodic auctions? Certainly it
           | could be done, I'm just trying to understand what problem
           | might be solved, and whether the solution would be effective.
           | 
           | For example, even with the opening and closing auctions we
           | have today, there can be an advantage to getting your order
           | accepted _right_ before the deadline. Some participants do
           | this, most don 't really (depending on the exact definition
           | of "right before"). But the fact that some do tells me that
           | some participants would do the same thing with periodic
           | auctions, and at least for them latency would still be
           | important.
           | 
           | If, as seems likely, latency is fundamentally important to at
           | least some styles of trading, how do you incentivize
           | participants to _not_ value it?
        
             | jen20 wrote:
             | One option is to add a random delay to every trade, thus
             | making high speed arbitrage substantially more difficult.
        
               | ukd1 wrote:
               | Another is to reset the clock on the auction each change
        
               | drob518 wrote:
               | I suspect that randomness of some sort is the only way.
               | Without that, whatever the rules of the game, there is a
               | way to somehow get a slim advantage. You can make the
               | advantage small and the costs to try to gain it large,
               | such that it isn't cost effective to try, but as we've
               | seen with HFT, it's amazing how much people will spend to
               | pick up pennies. Even a tiny gain, exploited frequently
               | enough can be quite profitable.
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | You take bids continuously but publish the bids and
             | "resolve" the auction every X seconds, where X is between 5
             | and 10. Then there is no speed advantage as long as you can
             | get your bid in within 5 seconds.
        
               | grafmax wrote:
               | There is still a speed advantage. You can look at
               | correlated markets for example and trade at the end of
               | the time window with 5 seconds more info than anyone
               | trading at the start of the time window.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | Except with the randomness you won't know if the window
               | is 5 seconds or 10 or anything in between. So sure you
               | could send in your bit at 4.99 seconds but it won't
               | matter if you're a few microseconds off.
        
             | ajmurmann wrote:
             | Eric Ries first started talking about a Long-Term Stock
             | Exchange, he suggested long (potentially multi-year) lock-
             | up periods. The LTSE he actually implemented doesn't have
             | that. I speculate that this was a compromised because they
             | are allowing dual listings which helps them gain market
             | share but also would undermine the entire concept of very
             | long lock-ups.
             | 
             | I'd love to see a stock market actually do this.
        
           | resters wrote:
           | Reg NMS's Order Protection Rule (Rule 611) says you can't
           | trade through protected NBBO quotes, outside a few narrow
           | exceptions. That's the letter of the law.
           | 
           | The practical effect isn't just a bit of latency. It rewires
           | incentives. With 611 in place, the question for latency-
           | sensitive firms becomes: what HFT tactics can I run that are
           | 611-compatible? Without 611, the question would be: what HFT
           | tactics actually add value for my counterparties? That's a
           | very different optimization.
           | 
           | For firms on direct feeds (often building their own synthetic
           | NBBO), 611 doesn't add much information. The constraint is
           | compliance, not discovery.
           | 
           | Because NBBO is size-agnostic and top-of-book, anchoring
           | execution to it lets micro-lot quotes steer outcomes. You can
           | influence the protected price with tiny displayed size.
           | That's great for gamesmanship, bad for displayed depth, size-
           | sensitive pricing, and near-touch discovery.
           | 
           | Also: if two informed counterparties want to trade away from
           | the protected price to reflect size or information, 611
           | mostly blocks that outside limited carve-outs. We lose
           | mutually beneficial, size-aware prints to satisfy a benchmark
           | that ignores size.
           | 
           | On settlement, the uniform benchmark helps in calm markets.
           | But it's naive to think that holds through a real black swan.
           | In stress, timestamp ambiguities and fragmented data make
           | "what was executable" contestable, and disputes spike
           | regardless of quote protection.
           | 
           | In a sound market structure, the clearer (CCP or clearing
           | broker) should carry and underwrite that tail risk--margin,
           | default funds, capital, and enforceable rulebooks. Instead,
           | 611 shifts accountability onto quote-protection mechanics,
           | insulating clearers from responsibility and, perversely,
           | amplifying systemic risk when the system most needs well-
           | capitalized risk absorbers.
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | There is no reason why shares should be bought on sold in
             | time frames far too short for anything to have meaningfully
             | changed about the companies or market conditions.
        
               | jdonaldson wrote:
               | The issue isn't that there's a lot of change coming from
               | inside the markets, it's that there's a lot of change
               | coming from outside the market, and it's all
               | interconnected.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | In a millionth of a second? This a rationalization for
               | something that is only being done because it can be done.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | When I press the buy and sell button, I want the
               | transaction to happen as quickly as possible. So does
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | My millionth of a second is different than yours, and
               | everyone else's.
               | 
               | It is no different than buying or selling anything else.
               | And there is no loss from the additional liquidity, you
               | can easily set a limit at which you want to buy or sell.
        
               | cool_dude85 wrote:
               | >When I press the buy and sell button, I want the
               | transaction to happen as quickly as possible. So does
               | everyone else.
               | 
               | Nope, not me. I don't mind if it takes like 20 seconds or
               | so.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _not me. I don 't mind if it takes like 20 seconds or
               | so_
               | 
               | Which is fine! You can probably find a broker who will
               | give you fee-free trading with that preference. The price
               | you execute at won't be as good. But unless you're
               | trading millions, that's probably fine.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | > My millionth of a second is different than yours, and
               | everyone else's.
               | 
               | No it isn't.
               | 
               | > I want the transaction to happen as quickly as
               | possible. So does everyone else.
               | 
               | Your monitor refresh is about 16,000 times slower so you
               | aren't going to know.
               | 
               | The only reason you need something faster is because you
               | think you have to compete with other people trading on
               | microseconds.
               | 
               | If matches happened at 1 second intervals you wouldn't
               | have to worry about it at all.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _If matches happened at 1 second intervals you wouldn
               | 't have to worry about it at all_
               | 
               | This is nonsense. There is still advantage to submitting
               | your trade as close to that settlement deadline as
               | possible.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | Not so much if the submitted prices are hidden until the
               | matches are resolved.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Not so much if the submitted prices are hidden until
               | the matches are resolved_
               | 
               | Except every other exchange is still revolving. The only
               | way to implement this is to eliminate competition between
               | exchanges.
               | 
               | Also, Wall Street would _love_ this. The more of the
               | order book you submitted, the more information you have
               | about its composition.
        
               | resters wrote:
               | I think you are letting your "speculation is bad" bias
               | interfere with your understanding of dynamical systems.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | I think you're hallucinating something I didn't say to
               | avoid confronting what I did say.
               | 
               | Also what's the difference between a system, a dynamic
               | system and a 'dynamical' system?
        
               | resters wrote:
               | The behavior of other participants is itself a first-
               | class signal.
               | 
               | Rule 611 compresses that signal. By forcing everything to
               | orbit a size-agnostic NBBO, it collapses a lot of the
               | "behavioral bandwidth" (depth, imbalance, sweep patterns,
               | replenishment, cancel/replace cadence) into a single top-
               | of-book tick. Less resolution, less information.
               | 
               | High-resolution flow tells you who wants what, at what
               | size, and how urgently. When we gate execution through
               | protected quotes, we encourage tactics that flick the
               | top-of-book with tiny size and discourage truthful size
               | revelation. That's signal destruction dressed up as
               | protection.
               | 
               | Letting informed counterparties print away from the
               | protected price (to reflect size or information)
               | increases informational content. You get cleaner read-
               | through from actual willingness to trade, instead of a
               | compliance-driven dance around a fragile benchmark.
               | 
               | So yes: other people's actions are the best data feed.
               | The more of that behavior we can see--in size, time, and
               | venue--the better our discovery gets. 611 reduces that
               | visibility by design.
        
               | CyberDildonics wrote:
               | _the better our discovery gets_
               | 
               | The better the computers hooked directly into the
               | exchange get you mean.
        
               | resters wrote:
               | All participants contribute to price discovery. A
               | nanosecond order book helps with price discovery the
               | deeper it is, regardless of whether orders clear.
               | 
               | > The better the computers hooked directly into the
               | exchange get you mean.
               | 
               | I think you're trolling with this one. But you had an
               | advantage typing your comment into a web browser compared
               | to all the people who wrote theirs on paper and put it in
               | an envelope with a stamp.
        
               | ForHackernews wrote:
               | It's pretty funny that there are people in this thread
               | pretending like "price discovery" is a real thing that
               | happens in markets based on information. We've all seen
               | Dogecoin and BBBYQ. The emperor has no clothes.
        
               | drob518 wrote:
               | So, you want everyone to trade only daily or weekly or
               | quarterly?
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Every few seconds is fine.
               | 
               | Disagree? You think milliseconds is "better" somehow?
               | 
               | Then by that logic microseconds are better still! (A
               | straight-faced argument made by thousands of HFT people.)
               | 
               | Then, surely, nanoseconds matter. Again, some traders
               | care deeply about shaving single digit "nanos" off their
               | response times by using smart NICs that can respond
               | before the incoming packet has even finished arriving!
               | Bypassing the CPU entirely because _ermahgerd_ that would
               | waste precious nanos!
               | 
               | Okay, what about femtoseconds? Attoseconds? Low single
               | digit Plank time units?
               | 
               | Clearly the extrapolation is _nonsense_.
               | 
               | The problem is that there's always an advantage to some
               | rent-seeker to be faster than everyone else, so there
               | will never be consensus between them and the general
               | public. Or each other.
               | 
               | It's a classic tragedy of the commons.
               | 
               | This is why laws are required, to prevent that one greedy
               | guy putting "just one more cow" onto the pasture than the
               | other greedy guys.
        
               | resters wrote:
               | This is the "speculation is bad" take with a side of
               | naivete about how markets work.
               | 
               | Open an order book. Prices and quantities aren't
               | decoration; they're live telemetry for supply, demand,
               | and how tight the crowd's consensus is at each level.
               | That's information, full stop.
               | 
               | A human (or machine) trader forms a view of fair value
               | against that tape. The book helps decide how to trade--
               | size, urgency, venue--regardless of motive: arbitrage,
               | hedge, speculation, investment, cash-out. Intent doesn't
               | change the math.
               | 
               | Prints are messages. Every execution updates everyone
               | else's priors. More prints - more information - smoother
               | discovery.
               | 
               | Make the book sparse--only a handful of trades per day--
               | and watch confidence collapse. With weaker consensus and
               | wider error bars, people step back. Liquidity thins,
               | friction rises. That's not morality; that's
               | microstructure.
               | 
               | Time horizon doesn't invalidate the signal. A strategy
               | that unfolds over days and one that resolves in
               | milliseconds both add to the dataset. If it trades, it
               | teaches. More resolution in others' behavior means better
               | prices and deeper books. That's the game.
        
               | anonu wrote:
               | This is the free market speaking. If there was one
               | exchange there would be no latency arbitrage. But there
               | are many... Which creates a competitive landscape and
               | reduces fees for investors. The by product is you have
               | many HFTs that come in to take advantage of mispricings,
               | even if they are on sub millisecond scales. It doesn't
               | harm the company or the investor. Its quite the
               | opposite... Investors benefit from competition amongst
               | exchanges and HFTs.
               | 
               | In addition you have redundancy in the markets system.
               | Exchanges are important for national security... Having
               | everything centralized would risk people's retirements,
               | savings, and more
        
           | quickthrowman wrote:
           | Why would you create arbitrage opportunities for no reason?
           | That's the only thing that would happen I can see from an
           | exchange that can't keep up with the NBBO price, which you
           | are obligated by law to quote regardless.
           | 
           | People in the finance industry will arb between digital and
           | human markets and net a profit from it. It seems pointless to
           | me, but perhaps I'm not fully grasping what that would do.
        
           | snowwrestler wrote:
           | Bit of an aside, but I really do not understand the concerns
           | with trading speed.
           | 
           | I can trade at human speed now: when I want to make a trade,
           | I put in the order and it gets executed. Speed elsewhere in
           | the market makes it _easier_ , not harder, for me to trade
           | when I want to. And I don't care who my counterparty is;
           | that's a fundamental feature of a stock exchange. If A is
           | always faster than B because A is 2 racks closer to my broker
           | in the data center... so what? How does that hurt me? Good
           | for A.
           | 
           | A computer-powered trading strategy can react faster than me
           | to news--true. But that's fine because I don't have to follow
           | a breaking-news investing strategy. There are tons of others,
           | many of which have proven to work very well.
        
             | Fade_Dance wrote:
             | >How does that hurt me?
             | 
             | Because lit orders get front run. Every sophisticated
             | participant/algo is exceptionally efficient at extracting
             | money from less sophisticated participants.
             | 
             | As someone who trades decent volume but doesn't have a
             | fully institutional grade workflow, I have the fortune of
             | dealing with this...
             | 
             | Simple lit orders (posting an order directly to an
             | exchange) will be taking advantage of by both market
             | makers, by HFTs, and by smarter execution algorithms. The
             | algorithms running the bids and asks will widen spreads.
             | Sell orders will peg to one cent below your ask, and if
             | flows start to reverse, they will pull their liquidity and
             | the slower participants get their liquidity swept through
             | (adverse selection).
             | 
             | The next step up is to use something like a midpoint
             | algorithm or hidden order, but hidden orders will be pinged
             | with one share from the robots and you will get sniffed out
             | and positioned against. If they detect size in a midpoint
             | algorithm, the liquidity in the opposite direction will
             | evaporate, and they will "walk" the dumb midpoint algorithm
             | down, take the liquidity, and then reset the mid back to
             | where it was. The list goes on. It's generally an awful
             | environment for "regular" participants.
             | 
             | Moving on from simple improvements available to the more
             | advanced retail space like midpoint algorithms and VWAP
             | algorithms, you have algo routes that are explicitly
             | designed to take advantage of the "lesser" order types. If
             | they are in a position to get a fair fill, they will rest
             | the order in case they see a situation they can take
             | advantage of, and only take mid fill if the outlook
             | deteriorates (this is all millisecond time frame stuff, but
             | the orders will be worked in an automated fashion
             | throughout the day - time frame is configurable).
             | 
             | On the more developed institutional side, liquidity is
             | sourced in dark venues designed to ward off HFTs and front-
             | running, or sourced in fair flash-auctions which are again
             | designed to ward off hfts and information leakage from the
             | auction spawner.
             | 
             | So the argument would be that perhaps the modern
             | developments like batched flash auctions should just be the
             | new baseline, and designed so that all of the participants
             | feeding into them get an equivalent quality of fill.
             | 
             | These "phenomena" are fairly significant. Let's say you
             | have a 100k position in a smaller cap stock. You may move
             | the stock down a few percent if you start walking down your
             | order and it becomes clear that you are looking to take
             | liquidity. Vs 100k in one of the more advanced order routes
             | where you're basically going to get filled near mid. And of
             | course it goes without saying that 100k won't even move the
             | needle in the institutional routes.
             | 
             | For a while I got so sick of it that if I was looking to
             | buy back my short options (the same things happen in the
             | option space, but with more slippage), I would stuff a
             | basic midpoint algorithm on the underlying, it would be
             | sniffed out and liquidity would evaporate, price would
             | fall, and I'd slam the ask to buy/cover my short calls on
             | the price drop. At least I could get a fair fill when I
             | played two different areas of the market complex against
             | each other... It's just a pain. To the average participant,
             | they will find that liquidity is there when it suits the
             | counterparty, yet not there when they need it.
             | 
             | NBBO/best bid offer itself can be illusory. There are many
             | situations where if you sweep the bid, you will get a fair
             | fill, but I'd you just hit the bid price, you will
             | essentially take off the very small front order of an
             | iceberg order, they will run their calculations, and the
             | liquidity pegs a cent below you if it suits them. That's
             | how it works.
             | 
             | This goes for all areas of the financial market, including
             | the bond market itself, and it contributes to systemic
             | fragility in addition to harvesting retail money.
             | 
             | Granted, almost no retail participant is actually shipping
             | orders directly to exchanges like I laid out. They are
             | going to payment for order flow routes. These are actually
             | fairly efficient, but again, remember that if you are
             | posting a bid or ask, exchanges _pay you_ (yes, you
             | actually net money, albeit small) to post these orders, and
             | anyone feeding into PFOF routes is getting this income
             | taken from them. The frontrunning risk in the payment for
             | order flow routes is also much more severe, since your
             | order is getting blasted out in all directions before it is
             | posted. So when those sorts of routes go wrong for retail
             | traders (ex making the mistake of posting a large order
             | during a major market event), they 're could
             | catastrophically get screwed.
             | 
             | It's also worth noting that retail does have access to a
             | relatively Fair auction system though. Open and closing
             | auctions are probably the best ways to fill orders. Just be
             | careful not to ship too much size into them since a large
             | enough net imbalance (say in a small cap stock) in a
             | closing auction will have the same "walk down the price"
             | effect that happens with midpoint orders.
             | 
             | Personally I think that the institutional flash auctions
             | are pretty neat. For my understanding this sort of
             | liquidity sourcing is growing. I would think that this sort
             | of functionality could be regulated and integrated into the
             | base level market venues.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _lit orders get front run. Every sophisticated
               | participant /algo is exceptionally efficient at
               | extracting money from less sophisticated participants_
               | 
               | Anyone executing via lit orders is either forced to do so
               | or an idiot. That's why most of the market doesn't
               | execute via lit orders. Which is fine. The trade is still
               | reported _ex post facto_ , and the inefficiencies this
               | creates are always less than the convoluted auction
               | formats one must use to make low latency non-
               | advantageous.
        
               | hn_acc1 wrote:
               | I gotta say.. I'm way out of my depth on that one. As a
               | guy who's mostly put some 401K $$ into index funds, and
               | has the odd RSU/ESPP stock to sell - will any of these be
               | an issue when I sell some of them later? I've only sold
               | ESPP stock via "at this price" when I had a large enough
               | number, and "at market" when not - but it's been in the
               | hundreds of shares at most. May have a few thousand
               | shares of my current employer's stock to sell next year -
               | will this affect me?
        
               | WanderPanda wrote:
               | Theoretically, when the market offers me an order book
               | and I take offers on one or the other side that should be
               | totally fair? I think until execution/fill the
               | information should be totally between me and the exchange
               | and no one else, right? I get that if I send a limit
               | order that can not be filled, that that affects the
               | market because new information is introduced (before the
               | trade) but in the previously described case all the
               | information going out should be after the trade already
               | happened, right?
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Perhaps Texas could use a different trading model that
           | doesn 't require ultra high speed trading_
           | 
           | Wall Street (as in the sell side) is strongly incentivised to
           | stamp out high-speed trading. It undercuts their dealer
           | model. They have tried and failed to come up with an auction
           | model that eliminates HFT without tradeoffs that real
           | investors find unacceptable.
        
             | smallmancontrov wrote:
             | Didn't HFT compete itself out of outsized profitability
             | years ago? So now we get instant super liquidity for
             | pennies?
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | For stocks most likely, though I assume a lot of it today
               | comes from options traders, where the spread is much
               | wider.
        
         | EnderWT wrote:
         | From: https://www.txse.com/trading-membership
         | 
         | > TXSE's primary matching engine is located in Equinix NY6 in
         | Secaucus, NJ, with latency equalization across NY4, NY5, and
         | NY6. Customers outside these buildings will experience
         | additional latency. The disaster recovery (DR) matching engine
         | is hosted in Equinix DA11 in Dallas, TX.
         | 
         | > Customers may connect to DR either directly to DA11 or
         | through TXSE infrastructure at 350 E. Cermak in Chicago. Cermak
         | connections will have traffic backhauled to DA11 over redundant
         | TXSE circuits. Backhaul from Cermak to the production data
         | center is not available.
        
         | sgc wrote:
         | I would rather see an exchange that requires buyers to hold
         | their shares for at least x days or weeks, and slow everything
         | way down so that people are actually forced to make decisions
         | based on fundamentals rather than trading based on jitters in
         | market movement. Then the datacenter location is almost
         | irrelevant.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | Who is that a value proposition for? Will they pay for it?
           | How?
           | 
           | This is one of those ideas that actually makes zero sense.
           | It's why the "long term stock exchange" has failed so
           | miserably.
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | You don't want that unless you want to wait days to trade.
        
         | jaredwiener wrote:
         | They have job postings that include NYC-based network
         | operations engineers. https://www.txse.com/meet-the-
         | team#careers
        
       | haunter wrote:
       | Not to be confused with NYSE Texas which also launched this year
       | and an entirely different thing
       | 
       | https://www.nyse.com/markets/nyse-texas
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | TY. That is what I thought this was
        
         | eej71 wrote:
         | To add to the confusion, NYSE Texas is just a rebranding of
         | NYSE Chicago which used to be independent of NYSE when it was
         | its own thing.
        
         | alberth wrote:
         | 200+ comments, HN thread:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43045558
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | TX as in transaction
        
       | scottydelta wrote:
       | Well we wait for TXSE to do IPO and get listed in NYSE/NASDAQ and
       | then we buy TXSE since house always wins.
        
         | chronic74939 wrote:
         | > since house always wins.
         | 
         | House doesn't always share with outside investors
        
           | scottydelta wrote:
           | The owners of the house can't wait for their cash cow to grow
           | up and print money so they will take it public and cash out
           | with promise for future returns. This is a game as old as
           | capitalism.
        
       | eej71 wrote:
       | This headline is kind of dumb. Yes, there is yet another new
       | venue. But other recent "new" venues include MIAX, IEX, MEMX, and
       | soon to be active - 24X. Oh and let's not forget the Long Term
       | Stock Exchange (LTSE).
        
       | thedangler wrote:
       | Nothing to see here, no conflict of interest.
        
       | jaredhansen wrote:
       | Many HN readers with an interest in HFT will find the _Sniper in
       | Mahwah_ blog excellent reading. No longer publishing since 2019
       | as far as I can tell, but it was great while it lasted:
       | 
       | https://sniperinmahwah.wordpress.com/
        
       | javier123454321 wrote:
       | Pardon my ignorance but can anyone can help me figure out what
       | does it mean to have a new stock exchange? Dont exchanges sell
       | the same stocks? Is it just a way to earn some fees by capturing
       | some of the trades in their platform?
       | 
       | I'll obviously google it now but I'd appreciate some insight.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | Each exchange can make its own rules for what it will list and
         | how it will trade (within the broader SEC regulations).
         | 
         | So yes it's just a way to capture fees from listers who like
         | your exchange better as the primary listing exchange and from
         | market participants that must be in every exchange (latency
         | sensitive HFT).
         | 
         | None of the many exchanges that have started have made a dent
         | in the existing duopoly for real share listings that
         | Nasdaq/nyse have. But some exchanges have made good business
         | off of other products like etfs.
        
           | DontchaKnowit wrote:
           | Or options products, e.g. cboe
        
           | kkukshtel wrote:
           | This sounds like the sort of "norms" thing that a GOP-leaning
           | state would abuse to circumvent SEC regulations by somehow
           | declaring a state-owned exchange as some sort of SEZ to allow
           | unregulated exchange between domestic and (primarily) foreign
           | entities.
        
             | mcmcmc wrote:
             | Texas is famously fraud friendly as well
        
           | CGMthrowaway wrote:
           | So in other words, healthy competition, and may the best man
           | win. Contrary to many comments this is more than political
           | reaction/posturing.
           | 
           | The state of Texas is the world's 8th largest GDP and a
           | diverse one, with no one sector exceeding 9%. Texas is well-
           | positioned relative to NYC for attention around AI, as it is
           | not geographically constrained and has an energy advantage.
           | There is financial credibility built in as 10% of NYSE
           | listings are already HQ'd in Texas. And Texas has a pro-
           | business regulatory environment.
           | 
           | This isn't a zero-sum game where Texas grows at New York's
           | expense. The hope is it creates a larger, more dynamic
           | market.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | NYSE Texas didn't see a huge influx of listings when they
             | moved there and changed their rules. I don't think "Texas"
             | is particularly interesting to the conversation given the
             | dominant regulatory regime will be federal and the trading
             | will happen in NJ but I could be wrong.
             | 
             | There are lots of stock exchanges, which have started for
             | lots of reasons but there isn't really much of an industry
             | desire to be out of nyse/nasdaq for vanilla listings. If
             | there was it would have already happened.
             | 
             | Seems like a publicity stunt to siphon some regnms traffic
             | and maybe some etf listings to me, but no big drama if not.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | All true. Texas worker environment is not great though.
             | Folks typically list income tax as an advantage but
             | property and sales taxes more than make up the difference.
             | Also, govt admin is fairly hostile to any infrastructure
             | expansion, preferring to let the local car dealers buy new
             | town charters with no infrastructure.
             | 
             | Environmental regs are not well managed generally.
             | 
             | Anyhow, not the worst state, not the best. Pretty balanced
             | economy, like Ohio, Illinois, California, and Georgia.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | > Folks typically list income tax as an advantage but
               | property and sales taxes more than make up the
               | difference.
               | 
               | No, not really. Texas is still below average state taxes
               | and you can see the breakdown of each state here:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_income_tax#/media/Fil
               | e:S...
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Yep, exactly what I mentioned, more than makes up for it
               | especially once you factor in the higher Case Schiller on
               | recent years causing increases to property taxes since
               | 2022 (date of your image).
        
               | ohples wrote:
               | > preferring to let the local car dealers buy new town
               | charters with no infrastructure.
               | 
               | I'm curious what this is referring to.
        
               | CGMthrowaway wrote:
               | Probably talking about Starbase (elon musk).
        
               | ohples wrote:
               | Ahh don't know why I missed that one.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Local state legislature has several car dealership owners
               | that also started their own chartered towns. Wasn't
               | thinking about starbase but that qualifies.
        
               | larsiusprime wrote:
               | Higher property taxes and low income taxes is preferable
               | actually, it keeps the housing market from getting
               | massively distorted.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | Ideally you're correct - but it does have the very large
               | side effect of making real estate fraud much more
               | lucrative. This isn't to say that the potential of people
               | breaking a law means we shouldn't have the law at all -
               | but higher property taxes necessitate a much large spend
               | into property value auditors and require a lot more
               | stringency around property improvement permitting to
               | ensure that increases in property value are captured and
               | recorded accurately.
        
               | calmoo wrote:
               | How much fraud we talking? I like to think along Matt
               | Levine's ideas that at least _some_ amount of fraud is
               | acceptable - there will always be some amount of it and
               | under or over-regulation creates a net-negative.
        
             | stocksinsmocks wrote:
             | The most insightful part of your comment was that you
             | needed a throwaway account to preserve your HN social
             | credit score to take a completely moderate and constructive
             | position.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | To add on the "make it's own rules" point. This is a real
           | thing, there are stupid rules which have been put in place at
           | various moments and many companies are sick to death of it.
           | 
           | https://chatgpt.com/share/68e6a1a5-e634-8002-ac97-6e2e36052e.
           | ..
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | > Dont exchanges sell the same stocks?
         | 
         | No. Each company chooses what exchange their stock is sold on.
         | Sometimes (often for large companies) you are on more then one
         | exchange, but never all of them.
         | 
         | Nothings stops an exchange (laws may not allow this but
         | remember exchanges are in many countries and only subject to
         | the laws of their country) from handling stock that the company
         | doesn't want on them, but the value of an exchange is other
         | people are looking there when they want to buy and sell and so
         | it would be hard to get enough traders if the company doesn't
         | want to list with you.
         | 
         | Not all exchanges handle stocks. There are other things traded
         | as well.
        
           | dcrazy wrote:
           | > the value of an exchange is other people are looking there
           | when they want to buy and sell and so it would be hard to get
           | enough traders if the company doesn't want to list with you.
           | 
           | Doesn't regulation NMS make this significantly less relevant?
           | A stock trading on an exchange where it isn't listed is going
           | to trade at the same price as everywhere else, modulo however
           | long it takes to arbitrate the price between the exchanges.
           | 
           | Also, I too am struggling to understand posting a trade of an
           | unlisted stock to an exchange. This sounds pretty similar to
           | a dark pool?
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | I thought stocks don't trade on exchanges where they're not
             | listed - that's what listing means, right? And most stocks
             | are listed on one exchange.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Most (this is close, about half) stock trades are not on
               | the listed exchange. If I sell stock and my broker has
               | someone else wanting to buy that stock they are just
               | going to internally match us up at the current price
               | instead of going to the listed exchange. There are a lot
               | of "dark pool" exchanges that brokers will check with
               | first when someone wants to buy/sell stocks and so only
               | rarely (again about half the time - not very rare) will
               | they go all the way to an exchange.
               | 
               | Nothing stops an exchange from accepting trades for a
               | stock that isn't listed there. (there may be local laws
               | that say otherwise, but there are lots of different
               | countries). However if you are not a listing exchange
               | brokers might not think to check your exchange when
               | someone wants to trade and so you won't get enough
               | volume. If you are the exchange a broker checks first
               | though you can be the exchange.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Stocks trade when there is a buyer and a seller. An
             | exchange you are not officially listed on is unlikely to
             | have many sellers and so they may not have any stock when
             | you want to buy. Of course they can keep a lot of stock on
             | hand (that is become a market maker), but that means they
             | arbitrage games (either they or someone else), and if their
             | volume of trades is too low (which it will be because few
             | traders think to to use them) they are going to lose money
             | on that deal.
             | 
             | Back in 1800 an exchange was a place where a lot of buyers
             | and sellers agreed to meet up so that you had good odds of
             | finding a buyer when you wanted to sell. The exchange
             | happened by exchanging papers which then got sent to the
             | company to know how the new owners were.
             | 
             | This gets at why there were a lot more exchanges in the
             | past than now. Ownership is recorded electronically (you
             | can get paper but almost nobody does) do you don't need to
             | send papers into head quarters. We also have fast
             | communication so can have your agent take care of things in
             | New York in seconds no matter where in the world you are -
             | in 1800 you had to physically go to an exchange (or send an
             | agent).
             | 
             | An unlisted exchange is similar to a dark pool. The company
             | whoes stock is traded on one will treat the trade like any
             | other dark pool. However if they are trying to operate like
             | a listed exchange they will doing other exchange like
             | things (posting prices), so you get the worst of both
             | worlds.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Surprisingly, no - moving a stock from one exchange to another
         | is a lot harder than selling on one and buying on another (and
         | slower, and more costly for small quantities), so stocks are
         | surprisingly immobile. Only if you really had to, would you
         | move them. And most stocks have one particular home exchange
         | and there's no reason to trade them anywhere else than the one
         | place that has the highest volume and lowest spreads for that
         | stock.
        
           | bigthymer wrote:
           | > there's no reason to trade them anywhere else than the one
           | place that has the highest volume and lowest spreads for that
           | stock.
           | 
           | Norbert's Gambit is a good reason. It is potentially the
           | cheapest way to effectively do a currency exchange.
           | 
           | [1] - https://www.finiki.org/wiki/Norbert%27s_gambit
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | There are reasons for the listing company to not want to be
           | listed on an exchange though.
        
         | eflim wrote:
         | Mostly yes, but a more optimistic (if naive) perspective is
         | that the exchange wants to bring something new and valuable to
         | the market. There are tons of little rules on exchanges about
         | how stocks trade, and these can affect the amount of stocks and
         | prices of stocks that different investors are able to get.
         | These rules (often called microstructure) are partially
         | determined by law, but there's differentiation between
         | exchanges, and so one of the things a new exchange can do is
         | introduce different rules that might make the market more
         | "fair" depending how you define that.
        
         | downrightmike wrote:
         | Enron 2.0 Bigger and Unregulated!
        
         | anonu wrote:
         | In this case it's a marketing ploy for the state of Texas and
         | also a way for Schwab, citadel, blackrock and fortress to press
         | their finger on the balance of power which is far tilted
         | towards the ICE.
         | 
         | Also note Schwab is headquartered in Texas and they account for
         | a significant percentage of trading in the US on a daily basis.
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | Musk trillionaire confirmed.
        
       | jfalcon wrote:
       | Doesn't this increase opportunity for arbitrage as it's not
       | likely exchanges are going to be perfectly synchronized to the
       | overall market? Also doesn't this also offer opportunities to
       | sell pink sheets stocks in what is conceivably a "fresh market"?
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | Arbitrage and the agents conducting these transactions is good
         | for open rational markets. In fact they are essential
        
       | DudeOpotomus wrote:
       | When you can buy a Governor, you buy a Governor.
       | 
       | When you can buy a State, you buy a State.
       | 
       | When you can buy a SCOTUS Justice, you buy a SCOTUS Justice or 6.
       | 
       | When you can buy a POTUS, you buy a POTUS.
       | 
       | Elon bought them all and many of you cheer. Says more about you
       | than Elon but speaks mountains about the core of our culture and
       | our national ethos but mostly about how easy it is to pervert
       | people and their false ideology with money.
        
         | halfmatthalfcat wrote:
         | What does this have to do with TXSE?
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | TXSE has everything to do with politics.
        
             | DudeOpotomus wrote:
             | Isnt it amazing how few people actually pay attention let
             | alone ask themselves "why?".
             | 
             | The worst part? HN users are much better educated and tend
             | to be much smarter than the average person. If this
             | audience is so easily manipulated, it's no wonder the
             | larger population is being controlled by such obvious
             | tactics.
             | 
             | sigh...
        
               | halfmatthalfcat wrote:
               | If you took my comment as anything other than asking how
               | your broad strokes trite criticism of "people in power
               | bad" relates to TXSE, you're the one who needs some
               | reflection. I wanted to know more about how your
               | conspiracy laden poem directly connected to TXSE but I
               | guess HN likes to just accept low quality content for
               | real discussion now.
        
               | DudeOpotomus wrote:
               | If you read my comment and replied with your reply, you
               | didnt read my comment...
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | The "spaceman bad" crowd is so dumb that even when you're
               | arguing something bad against spaceman they just dislike
               | it because their shallow understanding of it is just
               | "spaceman bad so I downvote".
        
         | qaq wrote:
         | Elon has way less influence than say Peter Thiel, so this is a
         | huge exaggeration to be honest
        
           | DudeOpotomus wrote:
           | Which exchange do you think SpaceX will be listed?
           | 
           | And why is it the TXSE?
        
             | laughing_man wrote:
             | SpaceX is unlikely to be listed anywhere any time soon.
        
         | laughing_man wrote:
         | Show your work. I don't see that Musk has as much influence as
         | people like George Soros and Rupert Murdoch.
        
       | victor106 wrote:
       | > At $2.4 trillion, Texas' economy is larger than many
       | countries', including Russia, Canada and Italy, according to a
       | report from the governor's office.
       | 
       | California's economy is $4.1 trillion and has a much higher
       | chance of growing larger with most of the AI companies based out
       | of CA.
        
         | CivBase wrote:
         | Or most of those AI companies could go bust. Nobody really
         | knows yet.
        
         | ddtaylor wrote:
         | I expect a series of other choices that force the business into
         | Texas as a way to choke out California for not bowing to the
         | will of a king.
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | I hate defending his highness, but this has been in play way
           | longer than he's been in office.
        
             | ddtaylor wrote:
             | Almost every thing happening right now involves
             | organizations that have been making plans to do things for
             | a very long time that is being hyper accelerated or the
             | competitive landscape drastically distorted to give
             | advantage.
             | 
             | I should be happy right now as X and Y and Z are available,
             | some of which support some of my ideas, but I'm smart
             | enough to know that giving me a few trinkets while screwing
             | the system as a whole doesn't work.
        
         | vonneumannstan wrote:
         | They already have multiple trillion dollar companies and how
         | has that worked out for them? Rampant homelessness and crime in
         | their "Premier" cities, skyrocketing cost of living and housing
         | prices, etc.
        
         | anon191928 wrote:
         | CA have LTSE. but somehow they are slow or stopped? not much
         | news about it.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | Not sure I understand your point. If someone wants to open an
         | exchange there, what's stopping them?
         | 
         | I'm a Dallas resident and this has been a large coordinated
         | effort that has a lot of banks relocating here. Not going to
         | debate the good or bad of it, but Texas tends to go after these
         | types of things and creates a favorable environment for it from
         | a business/tax/political standpoint. I don't know what
         | California does, but I know a whole bunch of Californian
         | corporations have moved here citing similar reasons. So again,
         | what's stopping something similar from happening in California?
         | (If it doesn't already exist)
        
           | Braxton1980 wrote:
           | What's to stop states from increasing the amount they compete
           | with each other to lure businesses by reducing regulations,
           | lower taxes, etc
           | 
           | I think this is a loop that hurts regular people.
           | 
           | Less regulation could open people to more risk and less ways
           | to combat it.
           | 
           | Lower taxes for businesses means that state funding must be
           | made up with either cuts to services or higher taxes on
           | people.
           | 
           | I think Republicans will use these incentives and the federal
           | government's power to push all the money to red states
           | causing economic decline in blue states which they can then
           | blame on the leaders of those states.
           | 
           | I know this already happens but now that Trump is open to
           | blackmailing states with funding because they aren't run by
           | Republicans it will get worse
        
             | jlarocco wrote:
             | Those are formulated as hypothetical statements and "what
             | if" questions, but it already works that way in the United
             | States.
        
               | Braxton1980 wrote:
               | I meant what if it gets worse? I thought that was
               | assumed.
               | 
               | Corruption, tax inequality, and the use of political
               | power to benefit business will always be present and
               | therefore the amount is what's important.
               | 
               | Every politician lies so that doesn't matter. What
               | matters is what the lie about and how often it occurs.
               | It's the same with corruption.
        
             | dctoedt wrote:
             | > _doesn 't this cause a loop that hurts regular people?_
             | 
             | I've seen this described as "a race to the bottom."
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | What relevance does that have? I genuinely don't understand the
         | purpose of your comment.
         | 
         | It's not like the article was suggesting Texas had America's
         | _largest_ state economy. It was just showing that it is
         | _large_. Which it is.
         | 
         | What does California have to do with anything?
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | I am guessing insider trading will be legal here.
        
         | yanslookup wrote:
         | for some. And very illegal for others.
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | What is the need for another stock exchange? I hate that I am
       | thinking like this but this is just going to be politicized
       | heavily and companies like Tesla and coke will just switch to
       | that exchange causing further more rift in our society. Where one
       | company lists will become a problem for companies and they cannot
       | be neutral politically even if they really are
        
         | ciupicri wrote:
         | I propose a global stock exchange for the whole planet. Heck,
         | why stop here, make it for the whole galaxy in case Elon Musks
         | manages to land on Mars.
        
       | bitfilped wrote:
       | Does Abbott know you need a stable electric grid to run a
       | financial exchange?
        
       | OhMeadhbh wrote:
       | Texas, well known for the strength of it's financial regulation.
        
       | zengid wrote:
       | Now CA needs one
        
       | aaroninsf wrote:
       | _Surprised it's not a segregated exchange._
        
       | grapland wrote:
       | I want 24x7, free or non-profit full book data
       | streaming/downloading.
       | 
       | otherwise there is one more trouble for me.
        
       | cramcgrab wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | yifanl wrote:
         | Well consider what makes the tech industry different than any
         | other. It's purely cultural forces that define if someone's a
         | techie or not, so of course it devolves into politicking.
        
           | zahlman wrote:
           | > It's purely cultural forces that define if someone's a
           | techie or not
           | 
           | No, this is defined by the knowledge and skill involved.
        
             | yifanl wrote:
             | We live in an era where its trivial for anybody to learn
             | how to code, and every level of new goalposts you add
             | before saying someone is a true techie is imposed purely by
             | cultural forces.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Please don't make things even worse by posting bad comments
         | yourself.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | Edit: your account has unfortunately been posting a lot of
         | unsubstantive and/or flamebait comments (e.g.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45412687 and
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45404646). Can you please
         | stop doing that? It's not what this site is for, and destroys
         | what it is for--we're trying for something different here.
         | 
         | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking the
         | intended spirit of the site more to heart, we'd be grateful.
        
           | cramcgrab wrote:
           | Please moderate your techie site and reduce the amount of
           | politics and preaching, or else you will wind up like Reddit,
           | digg, and of course, the once famous Leo Laporte, who is now
           | exclusively preaching his politics to his 100 faithful
           | followers.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | This question has a lot of history on HN:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17014869. If you'll
             | take a bit of time to learn about how we approach it,
             | you'll find that the site is pretty stable: https://hn.algo
             | lia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&so...
             | 
             | It does fluctuate--we can't be immune from macro trends (ht
             | tps://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que.
             | ..). But the principles we apply have been the same for
             | many years, and if you step far enough back, the amount of
             | politics is pretty consistent.
        
       | throwaway7484k wrote:
       | NASDAQ is eponymous for the market cap fluctuations of techno-
       | capitol.
       | 
       | TSE is valued at 2.4tn.
        
       | ergocoder wrote:
       | I always wonder why an economic powerhouse like California or
       | Washington doesn't have its own stock exchange.
       | 
       | Maybe it is the strict regulation that makes it not viable?
        
         | laughing_man wrote:
         | The LTSE is headquartered in San Francisco.
        
         | Mr-Frog wrote:
         | There used to be a variety of exchanges on the West Coast but
         | it seems like they couldn't compete with the automation and HFT
         | innovation happening in NYC, all the west coast engineers were
         | too busy with the dot-com bubble it seems.
        
       | jms703 wrote:
       | Like in Civ6, I'm sure it will require a lot of power.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Oh great another stock exchange with fewer rules. Elon must be so
       | happy.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2025-10-08 23:00 UTC)