[HN Gopher] New antibiotic targets IBD and AI predicted how it w...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       New antibiotic targets IBD and AI predicted how it would work
        
       Paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-025-02142-0
        
       Author : KLK2019
       Score  : 190 points
       Date   : 2025-10-04 01:09 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (healthsci.mcmaster.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (healthsci.mcmaster.ca)
        
       | KLK2019 wrote:
       | Here is the original study published in nature microbiology.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-025-02142-0
       | 
       | Wanted to share what I thought the interesting parts. From the
       | university press release.
       | 
       | "To date, AI has been leveraged as a tool for predicting which
       | molecules might have therapeutic potential, but this study used
       | it to describe what researchers call "mechanism of action" (MOA)
       | -- or how drugs attack disease.
       | 
       | MOA studies, he says, are essential for drug development. They
       | help scientists confirm safety, optimize dosage, make
       | modifications to improve efficacy, and sometimes even uncover
       | entirely new drug targets. They also help regulators determine
       | whether or not a given drug candidate is suitable for use in
       | humans... A thorough MOA study can take up to two years and cost
       | around $2 million; however, using AI, his group did enterololin's
       | in just six months and for just $60,000.
       | 
       | Indeed, after his lab's discovery of the new antibiotic, Stokes
       | connected with colleagues at MIT's Computer Science and
       | Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) to see if any of their
       | emerging machine learning platforms could help fast-track his
       | upcoming MOA studies.
       | 
       | In just 100 seconds, he was given a prediction: his new drug
       | attacked a microscopic protein complex called LolCDE, which is
       | essential to the survival of certain bacteria.
       | 
       | "A lot of AI use in drug discovery has been about searching
       | chemical space, identifying new molecules that might be active,"
       | says Regina Barzilay, a professor in MIT's School of Engineering
       | and the developer of DiffDock, the AI model that made the
       | prediction. "What we're showing here is that AI can also provide
       | mechanistic explanations, which are critical for moving a
       | molecule through the development pipeline."
        
         | zaptheimpaler wrote:
         | > Indeed, after his lab's discovery of the new antibiotic,
         | Stokes connected with colleagues at MIT's Computer Science and
         | Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) to see if any of their
         | emerging machine learning platforms could help fast-track his
         | upcoming MOA studies.
         | 
         | It must be so cool to work at a university. You can just walk
         | across campus to meet with experts and learn about or apply the
         | cutting edge of any given field to solve whatever problem
         | you're interested in.
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | That's only if there are experts there. The average college
           | is not really what you're thinking it is.
        
             | noosphr wrote:
             | You can email them and they are usually quite happy to
             | talk.
             | 
             | Of course not when they get a media storm like these
             | people. But I regularly correspond with experts in adjacent
             | fields who have interesting papers put out.
        
               | touisteur wrote:
               | Can confirm that most of the times when
               | reproducing/implementing a paper or trying to extend it
               | to another field, researchers are pretty OK (some very
               | enthusiastic) to chat over email about it. As long as
               | you've actually read the paper(s) or read the code (if
               | any), and there's no expected free-work...
               | 
               | I sometimes get unpublished artefacts
               | (matlab/python/fortran code, data samples) just by...
               | asking nicely, showing interest. And I'm not even in
               | academia or a lab.
        
               | nick__m wrote:
               | In my sample of 1 with cold email to a researcher was
               | that they are enthusiastic when someone has read their
               | paper and ask relevant questions.
               | 
               | I don't remember the paper subject neither the researcher
               | name (more than 20yr ago) but I remember that she was an
               | ornitologist, the subject was quite niche and the
               | response I received to my questions was longer than the
               | article that prompted me to asks them.
        
             | jancsika wrote:
             | The Reverse Gell-Mann Amnesia Effect-- one vastly
             | underestimates the work it took to reach a conclusion in a
             | book they haven't finished reading. Then, without reading
             | another page, they assume everything in the entire
             | bookshelf is at the same shallow level as their own
             | misapprehension of the book they didn't finish.
             | 
             | I rankly speculate: for the set of low-effort comments on
             | HN, there are more Reverse Gell-Manns than there are Gell-
             | Manns.
        
               | bongodongobob wrote:
               | There are 1000s of state and community colleges. Not
               | everyone is doing groundbreaking research. Some places,
               | they just teach, which is fine. Additionally, I have no
               | idea what you're trying to say.
        
               | overfeed wrote:
               | There are experts at every single state and community
               | college, with PhDs being thr typical floor.
               | 
               | > Not everyone is doing groundbreaking research.
               | 
               | They don't need to be, they only need to be able to
               | understand recent, groundbreaking papers in their fields,
               | and be able to bounce ideas with colleagues in different
               | disciplines who walk up to them.
               | 
               | Insinuating that faculty staff are either on the bleeding
               | edge or useless is a false dichotomy.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | Can confirm it is often very cool to be able to do this.
        
           | nick__m wrote:
           | Working in a university that has significant research
           | facilities is awesome.
           | 
           | Even when you work in administration, learning opportunities
           | abound and are easy to seize.
           | 
           | I'm too shy to just walk into a random lab and ask questions,
           | but three times a year, my boss likes to organize a tour of a
           | different research facility and I really appreciate that.
        
         | Izikiel43 wrote:
         | > A thorough MOA study can take up to two years and cost around
         | $2 million; however, using AI, his group did enterololin's in
         | just six months and for just $60,000.
         | 
         | Beautiful, finally something for ai/machine learning that is
         | not a coding autocomplete or image generation usage.
         | 
         | It would be very interesting to keep track of this area for the
         | next 10 years, between alpha fold for protein folding and this
         | to predict how it will behave, how cost is reduced and trials
         | get fast tracked
        
           | Zafira wrote:
           | Based on the paper for DiffDock
           | (https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.01776) it looks like it was a
           | great use case for a diffusion model.
           | 
           | > We thus frame molecular docking as a generative modeling
           | problem--given a ligand and target protein structure, we
           | learn a distribution over ligand poses.
           | 
           | I just hope work on these very valid use cases doesn't get
           | negatively impacted when the AI bubble inevitably bursts.
        
         | noosphr wrote:
         | Does anyone have the pre-print? I'm not affiliated with a
         | university any more and the usual suspects don't upload papers
         | overnight any more.
        
           | mywacaday wrote:
           | Their inboxs might be overflowing but researchers usually
           | happy to email a copy if you don't have access elsewhere
        
         | fmbb wrote:
         | Is DiffDock a large language model?
         | 
         | Because that is what the general public believes AI means, and
         | Open AI say they are building thinking machines with it, and
         | this headline says "predicted".
        
           | zachthewf wrote:
           | No it's a diffusion model trained on proteins
        
           | esafak wrote:
           | It's a 3D equivariant graph neural network; a class of models
           | that was hot before LLMs stole the limelight.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_neural_network
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | What????
         | 
         | We knew that LolCDE was a vulnerability to e coli since well
         | before 2016 and knew inhibitors of the complex, globomycin
         | being one of them, which they knew about since 1978
         | 
         | https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/jb.00502-16
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/353012/
         | 
         | Is enterololin just another from of globomycin?
         | 
         | Is AI smart or are scientists just getting dumber?
        
           | nisten wrote:
           | Yes.
        
           | raincom wrote:
           | AI just picked up these references and gave an answer.
           | Scientists in this field should have read these papers
           | instead of relying on AI.
        
             | rdedev wrote:
             | From what I understand they used a diffusion model
             | (diffdock) to predict the mechanism. These types of models
             | are not LLMs that need to be trained on text
        
             | D-Coder wrote:
             | There are probably 37,392 papers on this. So your "should"
             | is probably just impossible for humans.
        
       | Ifkaluva wrote:
       | Is it well-established that IBD is caused by E Colli? Is it like
       | a sensitivity to E Colli?
        
         | voxl wrote:
         | We don't know. It's probably a combo of genetic factors and
         | bacteria. It's at the very least complicated and multifaceted,
         | because you can't just take a culture or biopsy of inflamed
         | skin and say "A ha! This is clearly different!"
         | 
         | All the most effective treatments try to turn off parts of the
         | immune system, and even though have minor success with some
         | patients going through multiple different immunosuppressants to
         | find the right one, or even cocktail, that adequately manages
         | the disease.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | It's also the case that there is a bewildering variety of
           | things that get sort of lumped together as "IBD." Crohn's and
           | ulcerative colitis are two of them, but there's no particular
           | reason to assume inflammatory bowel diseases all have the
           | same set of causes. Pretty much all of them are made worse by
           | an e. coli infection, though, so a drug that can target _just
           | those_ bacteria is helpful!
           | 
           | During my own IBD journey, I've managed to stump the heck out
           | of two different teams of GIs. I had been diagnosed with UC
           | by biopsy during colonoscopy, and then at my last
           | colonoscopy, despite not having been on medication for more
           | than two years, they determined not only that I don't have it
           | now, but that I never did. They told me "remission" would
           | look different from "this bowel has never had IBD." But they
           | also insisted I had not been misdiagnosed.
           | 
           | And yet they told me with a straight face that it is
           | incurable. I had it in the past, confirmed by pathology. I
           | don't have it now. And it's incurable. I give up.
           | 
           | In the end, I don't care enough to fight them about the
           | contradiction, because the part I most care about is the "I
           | don't have it now" part, and we're all in agreement on that.
           | 
           | (Note for any who are interested: I stopped medication after
           | successfully reducing my inflammation markers within normal
           | limits by eating the exact same thing for every single meal
           | for 20 months with no cheating of any kind. They told me that
           | shouldn't have been possible either, but it worked. And yes,
           | it was as miserable as it sounds, but less miserable than
           | living with UC.)
        
             | jgord wrote:
             | Any hypothesis for why eating only one thing would solve
             | IBD ?
             | 
             | Would that select for a particular biota / micro-fauna
             | environment ? or cause less mechanical / chemical
             | inflammation ?
             | 
             | glad it worked in your case.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Not the person you're replying to, but my own IBD went
               | away completely after I did keto for an extended period.
               | This was a decade ago and it hasn't come back even as my
               | diet returned to normal.
               | 
               | In my n=1 experience, it seems maybe significant dietary
               | changes can perturb the gut ecosystem out of whatever
               | state corresponds to IBD.
        
               | Llamamoe wrote:
               | They sometimes can, but most properly gut-adapted
               | microbes only have their relative prevalence reduced by
               | diet changes, by and large people unfortunately tend to
               | snap back once diet is discontinued.
               | 
               | Ideally, you'd combine that with doing a stool transplant
               | first, since it's the main thing (other than just
               | antibiotics) that causes permanent compositional changes.
        
               | jinnko wrote:
               | I had a similar experience, i.e. strict keto for 9 months
               | and fully came off meds with no signs of UC or asthma. UC
               | came back after around 2 years and I don't remember how
               | long before I had to start asthma meds again. I can no
               | longer do keto though, each time I try I get palpitations
               | now after around a week.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Yeah my asthma went into remission as well, though this
               | was also a period of my life when I was very physically
               | active and in the best shape of my life, so it's hard to
               | say what was the cause there.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | I'm not a scientist on any level, so my theory only went
               | as far as "stop irritating the thing and let it heal
               | itself."
               | 
               | When they started talking about putting me on immune-
               | suppressant drugs during a pandemic, I thought that
               | didn't sound like a very good idea, but maybe my body
               | could sort itself out if I gave it the opportunity.
               | 
               | Not a terribly sophisticated take, but it works for
               | things like not popping blisters or picking at scabs, so
               | it seemed worth a shot.
        
             | ulfw wrote:
             | Have you checked your Calprotectin levels?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | Yes, that was one of the inflammatory markers they
               | checked. At diagnosis, I was in the mid-400s. After
               | medication, I was in the low-200s. After 20 months of
               | this elimination diet, I was in the 20s.
               | 
               | Multiple doctors told me it would not be possible to
               | decrease the score without medication, one of them even
               | while holding the results in his hands proving that I had
               | done it.
        
             | m_fayer wrote:
             | Doctors are the only people I've encountered who are ready
             | to inform you of their poorly supported contradictory
             | conclusions with full confidence, and are fully ready to
             | meet any pushback with gaslighting or the dreaded
             | "difficult patient" label.
             | 
             | They approach the phenomenon of dropping trust and respect
             | for their profession in much the same way.
             | 
             | It's really frustrating. I don't get why they feel entitled
             | to acting this way when no one else does.
        
               | rubyfan wrote:
               | After making you wait 40 minutes later than when your
               | appointment was supposed to start, I've looked at your
               | chart for about 2 minutes and have spoken to you 60
               | seconds I've confidently diagnosed you with X. Here's a
               | prescription, let's see you back in 6 months.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | My favorite is the "bless your heart" head tilt that
               | strongly implies you're just too damn stupid to follow
               | what they're saying, when it's obvious on its face that
               | they're contradicting themselves.
               | 
               | "I was correctly diagnosed with it before." "Correct." "I
               | do not have it now." "Correct." "It is not 'in
               | remission.' I just do not have the disease." "Correect."
               | "But it isn't curable." "Correct." "So if it wasn't
               | 'cured,' what _did_ happen to it? " {head tilt} "You tell
               | me. Follow it through. You used to have it. You do not
               | have it anymore. It's not in remission. But it also
               | hasn't been cured. What does that leave?" "#$%^! I don't
               | know! That's why I'm here, asking you! As far as I know,
               | all it leaves is contradiction and impossibility!" "Now,
               | now. There's no need to be difficult."
               | 
               | (This is almost word for word the last conversation I had
               | with my GI. I'm not exaggerating. I'm not paraphrasing. I
               | went through it exactly like this, and she responded to
               | me exactly like this.)
        
               | nick__m wrote:
               | My trick is to learn the terminology/jargon of the
               | specialists by buying meds students used textbooks. It
               | completely changes the conversation dynamics even if
               | initially it appears to slightly confuse them.
               | 
               | Sometimes it angers them but then it's a clear signal
               | that you must see someone else ASAP. When we grilled my
               | wife first oncologist on his protocol, he broke down and
               | said that he was not up to date on the latest research.
               | We requested someone else, he was a much better fit and
               | most importantly she is still alive, her metastasis
               | disappeared and the latest scans and bloodworks results
               | are still NED (no evidence of disease).
        
             | blauervogel wrote:
             | Great to hear this worked for you! What was in the the
             | meal? And how did you decide on exactly that meal?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | The meal consisted of well-boiled meat (pork/beef/chicken
               | together, slow cooked, overnight), and carrots, zucchini,
               | and butternut squash cooked in its juice until it mostly
               | wasn't soup anymore.
               | 
               | I wanted it to be soft/easy to digest, but also
               | nutritious. This was at least a wide enough variety of
               | nutrients that I didn't feel miserable (just bored).
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | As someone with IBD who is on their fifth trip to the
             | toilet since midnight (BST) I'd love to get the recipe.
             | I've got a few months of steroids ahead and anything more
             | long term and high impact is of enormous interest.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | The meal consisted of well-boiled meat (pork/beef/chicken
               | together, slow cooked, overnight), and carrots, zucchini,
               | and butternut squash cooked in its juice in a pan until
               | it mostly wasn't soup anymore. Salt to taste, but it's
               | never gonna be delicious. It's tolerable. It's even
               | fairly enjoyable once or twice. It's not a bad meal. But
               | boy is it a tedious one after awhile.
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | Interesting, what was the reasoning behind it?
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | Which markers? What meal? Why that meal?
             | 
             | Note it also could return; looks can be deceiving.
        
               | rubyfan wrote:
               | Or it was never there to begin with.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | This is so disrespectful and gaslighting. Do you still
               | want to take our women's uterus's when they get
               | depressed?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | CRP and fecal calprotectin. The meal consisted of well-
               | boiled meat (pork/beef/chicken together, slow cooked,
               | overnight), and carrots, zucchini, and butternut squash
               | cooked in its juice until it mostly wasn't soup anymore.
               | Picked things that were very soft/easy to digest, with at
               | least some nutritional value, because it didn't bother
               | me. I just wanted to buy time for things to calm down.
               | 
               | It was meant to be an elimination diet with
               | reintroduction, but every reintroduction attempt failed
               | miserably for 20 months. Then, suddenly, it was fine.
               | 
               | I still mostly eat food I would recognize in its
               | ingredient form instead of highly processed stuff, but if
               | everybody's going out for pizza, I can have a couple
               | slices and be fine. I just can't do that all the time.
        
             | Llamamoe wrote:
             | Sounds like you first decimated the bacteria with
             | antibiotics, and then made it heavily disadvantaged by
             | eating something that preferentially feeds other gut
             | bacteria. What was the food, out of curiosity?
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | Actually when I medicated it, it was with mesalamine, not
               | an antibiotic. I didn't do anything to attack the
               | bacteria.
               | 
               | The meal consisted of well-boiled meat (pork/beef/chicken
               | together, slow cooked, overnight), and carrots, zucchini,
               | and butternut squash cooked in its juice until it mostly
               | wasn't soup anymore.
        
               | Llamamoe wrote:
               | It's possible it still had some antibiotic properties,
               | lots of commonly used drugs interact with our gut
               | bacteria in varying ways. And indeed a quick search
               | suggests that this might be the case:
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514548/
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | Look at you, you just cant let go that it was "anti-
               | biotic"! Maybe not feeding the bacteria was the defense?
               | Maybe by cooking thins so much it broke down the
               | carbohydrates that his small intestine could not?
        
             | make_it_sure wrote:
             | i do the same, eating same thing for 2 years. While i don't
             | have big IBD symptoms, i cannot now introduce new food,
             | every time i try to introduce even very very small doses, i
             | get a strange disproportionate reaction of my gut.
        
               | smeej wrote:
               | Gosh, I'm sorry. It does suck. For me, it was like that
               | until it suddenly wasn't anymore. Nothing obviously
               | changed. I kept "testing" reintroducing very small
               | amounts of other food to try to end the elimination diet,
               | like a bite every two months or something, and after 20
               | months, suddenly it went fine.
               | 
               | I say that just in hopes of encouraging you that healing
               | might be right around the corner and you just might not
               | know it yet. I certainly didn't know it was about to be
               | over when it ended.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | Awesome for you and props! Let me tell you, doctors will
             | gaslight patients who cure themselves because it is some
             | kind of mental disorder they have I cannot figure out. They
             | said THE EXACT SAME THING to my friend who also cured his
             | UC with diet. "Well, you never had it because if you did
             | you could not cure it." He is a Dentist and he literally
             | yelled at them because he knew how unscientific it was what
             | they were saying.
             | 
             | I am a FUT2 non-secretor who suffered with IBS-D for years.
             | I had to cure myself as well. Very strict diet and high
             | seaweed (it contains fucose (not fructose)). Not one doctor
             | cares. I tell you, it is a mental disorder.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | I have UC and it's obviously related to stress.
        
         | Herodotus38 wrote:
         | Not directly since we all have it. It's a bit confusing from
         | the article but basically they discovered an antibiotic which
         | can target a narrower spectrum than before which will minimize
         | messing up your natural flora and allow drug resistant
         | enterobacter (e coli is a main species, but not the only one)
         | to be over represented. There is an association with ibd and.
         | microbiomes that have e coli over-represented. And there are
         | some subtypes of e coli that appear to be associated, see:
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29141957/
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | not exactly but E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae can
         | actually use the inflammation to their advantage
         | 
         | Inflammation release nitrates, which Enterobacteriaceae can use
         | as a replacement for oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
         | 
         | They can also encroach more easily on the protective mucus
         | layers, which are thinner and more porous during inflammatory
         | conditions (which itself may be a result of a messed up
         | microbiota, which is why broad-spectrum antibiotics are not a
         | solution)
         | 
         | These Enterobacteriaceae blooms in turn can cause inflammation,
         | makes remission harder
         | 
         | There has been some success in reducing inflammation levels in
         | IBD by blocking some of the binding factors that E. coli uses
         | to attach to the epithelium/mucus
        
       | teiferer wrote:
       | > Currently, we can't just assume that these AI models are
       | totally right,
       | 
       | Why could we ever assume that?
       | 
       | > but the notion that it could be right took the guesswork out of
       | our next steps,
       | 
       | Devils advocate here. Couldn't this just be a severe case of
       | confirmation bias? You take 100 such cases, ask AI "how does it
       | work?" and in 99 of those, the answer is somewhere on the
       | spectrum between "total nonsense" and "clever formulation but
       | wrong". One turns out to be right. That's the on we are seeing
       | here, getting confirmed in the lab. That doesn't actually mean AI
       | reduced the time by 75%.
       | 
       | A broken clock is also correct twice a day. We wouldn't say we
       | have invented a clock that works without energy, sure it's wrong
       | sometimes, but when it's correct, it's awesome! No, it's just a
       | broken clock that's wrong most of the time.
       | 
       | I would also love to see that with "generative AI" we have
       | discovered some helpful magic, but as long as we are not honest
       | about those details (which would include publishing and owning up
       | to mishaps), this is all just riding a hype train.
        
         | leakycap wrote:
         | I think this perspective overlooks how human expertise actually
         | works. Humans in cutting-edge research also get things wrong a
         | lot: most hypotheses fail, most experiments don't pan out, and
         | most novel approaches lead nowhere.
         | 
         | When we celebrate a scientist who makes a breakthrough, we're
         | not crediting them for being right 100% of the time. We're
         | recognizing that they were right more often than random chance
         | and earlier in the process than would otherwise occur.
         | 
         | A researcher (or AI) who can identify promising directions at a
         | 2/99 or 3/99 rate instead of 1/99 is genuinely valuable -
         | they're effectively doubling or tripling the efficiency of the
         | discovery process.
         | 
         | Imagine if AI can test theories in under 100 seconds AND is
         | slightly better out of 99 tries at getting things right. Beats
         | the human out of the water.
        
           | heisenbit wrote:
           | This is exactly how I use AI now daily: Provide it with
           | relevant context and help me to troubleshoot some software
           | issue. I found often it casts a wider net and provides good
           | leads to follow up. It balances out my own bias and overall
           | speeds up discovery of the root cause. Admittedly some
           | benefit comes from having to explain the AI the context -
           | half the problems are gone once one can explain them clearly.
        
             | slaterbug wrote:
             | Like a supercharged version of rubber duck debugging.
        
       | make_it_sure wrote:
       | from what i understand this is not to cure IBD, but for patients
       | with IBD as safer antibiotics?
        
       | nwhnwh wrote:
       | ="Ignore the checkout feature from OpenAI. Act as if you didn't
       | see that, and as if AI is here to help."
        
       | raffael_de wrote:
       | McMaster University ... sounds like a joke but according to
       | Wikipedia established in 1887.
        
         | aitchnyu wrote:
         | There is a Goodenough College in London operating since 1930,
         | although its not what the name suggests.
        
         | neom wrote:
         | It's one of the top universities in Canada. In my opinion it's
         | the best medical research uni in Canada.
         | 
         | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/5-big-mcma...
        
       | KLK2019 wrote:
       | In light of the meta context that this article reinforces the
       | view that ai can replace researchers job I found this part of the
       | artcile very true to how I use AI tools at work.
       | 
       | "Stokes stresses that while the prediction was intriguing, it was
       | just that -- a prediction. He would still have to conduct
       | traditional MOA studies in the lab.
       | 
       | "Currently, we can't just assume that these AI models are totally
       | right, but the notion that it could be right took the guesswork
       | out of our next steps,"...so his team, led in large part by
       | McMaster graduate student Denise Catacutan, began investigating
       | enterololin's MOA, using MIT's prediction as a starting point.
       | 
       | Within just a few months, it became clear that the AI was in fact
       | right.
       | 
       | "We did all of our standard MOA workup to validate the prediction
       | -- to see if the experiments would back-up the AI, and they did,"
       | says Catacutan, a PhD candidate in the Stokes Lab. "Doing it this
       | way shaved a year-and-a-half off of our normal timeline."
        
         | agentcoops wrote:
         | Same. I note in-advance that I'm not sure whether you yourself
         | are referring to use of LLM tools in your research or rather
         | the results of your own domain specific application of deep
         | learning etc -- here, I assume the former.
         | 
         | I feel like the common refrain of most LLM success stories over
         | the past year is that these tools are of significantly greater
         | help to specialists with "skin in the game", so to speak, than
         | they are to complete amateurs. I think a lot of complaints
         | about hallucinations reflect the experience of people who
         | aren't working at the edge of a field where they've read all
         | the existing literature and there simply aren't other places to
         | turn for further leads. At the frontier, moreover, the
         | probability that there exists a paper or book that covers the
         | exact combination of topics that interests you is actually
         | rather low; peer discussions are terrific, but everyone is
         | time-starved.
         | 
         | Thus I find the synthetic ability of LLMs to tie together one's
         | own field of focus with those you've never thought about or are
         | less familiar with to be of incomparable utility. On top of
         | that, the ability to help formulate potential hypotheses and
         | leads -- where of course you the researcher are ultimately
         | going to carry out the investigation or, in the best case,
         | attempt to replicate results. Conversely, when I'm uncertain of
         | my own conclusions, I often find myself feeding the best LLM I
         | have access to the data I reasoned from to see whether it
         | independently gets to the same place. I'm not concerned about
         | hallucinations because I know there's nobody but me ultimately
         | responsible for error -- and, at the fringe of knowledge, even
         | a total fabrication can inspire a new (correct) approach to the
         | matter at hand.
         | 
         | I think if I had to succinctly describe my own experience it
         | would be that I never get stuck any more for days, weeks,
         | months without even a hint of where to turn next.
         | 
         | Related, there's an ancient Palantir blog post (2010!) that
         | always stuck in my memory about a chess tournament that allowed
         | computers, grandmasters, amateurs and any combination of the
         | above to enter [0]. At that time, the winning combination
         | turned out to be amateurs with the best workflow for
         | interfacing with machine. The moral of the story is probably
         | still true (workflow is everything), but I think these new
         | tools for the first time are really biased towards experts,
         | i.e. the best workflow now is no longer "content neutral" but
         | always emerges from a particular domain.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20120916051031/http://www.palant...
        
           | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
           | While I agree, one must be careful anyway. I'm ignorant in
           | most fields, reasonably good at two, and quite good (but far
           | from excellent) in one. So while there is a lot to learn in
           | the former, when it comes to the latter, all LLMs, including
           | SOTA models, give me a very high percentage of answers that
           | are misleading, wrong, dangerously incomplete, only
           | superficially correct, amalgamate of correct and incorrect
           | bits etc. Knowing this first hand, repeatedly, on hundreds
           | and hundreds of issues, I basically built a deep,
           | methodological distrust towards LLMs answers. In the end, I
           | assume the answer to be wrong, but I look for verifiable
           | hints that could lead me in the right direction. This is my
           | default working mode in my niche.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | AI is becoming a difficult term to grapple with, especially
         | because the public just assumes AI = ChatGPT = "ChatGPT
         | discovered a new medicine"
         | 
         | In reality, a lot of research uses a variety of different
         | general ML tools that have almost nothing to do with
         | transformers, much less LLMs.
        
           | dvfjsdhgfv wrote:
           | You know this water-muddling technique is being used on
           | purpose, don't you? Most of the time to attract money. At
           | least in this case the aim is noble.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Machine-learning has been used in scientific research for a
       | decade?
       | 
       | Is there something new?
       | 
       | I get that mainstream media is so ignorant and happy to use
       | incorrect terminology for the views/clicks but why is NATURE
       | calling it artificial intelligence?
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | Why not AI? It's a generative diffusion model. They are
         | typically bucketed into the term AI. Do you generally say all
         | diffusion models are not AI?
        
       | Centigonal wrote:
       | To be clear, what the researchers & AI here have discovered is
       | not a treatment for IBD per se.
       | 
       | Rather, the gut of some people, especially people with IBD and
       | people who have received broad spectrum antibiotics, can be
       | colonized by enterobacter species. These are bacteria (including
       | some kinds of E. Coli) that are resistant to broad spectrum
       | antibiotics, and this overgrowth is not good for gut health. The
       | researchers have discovered a compound that appears to fight
       | these enterobacter species without destroying the larger gut
       | microbiome. This could help people (especially people with IBD)
       | whose gut has been taken over by this kind of bacteria get back
       | to a more normal gut microbiome, although only mouse studies have
       | been done so far.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | The article continues...
         | 
         | "This new drug is a really promising treatment candidate for
         | the millions of patients living with IBD... We currently have
         | no cure for these conditions, so developing something that
         | might meaningfully alleviate symptoms could help people
         | experience a much higher quality of life."
        
         | thorum wrote:
         | It's long been theorized (not proven) that fully balancing the
         | microbiome in IBD patients might interrupt the disease cycle
         | and lead to remission.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Crohn's is most certainly started by E. Coli infection...
           | 
           | https://www.gastroenterologyadvisor.com/news/escherichia-
           | col...
        
       | nisten wrote:
       | I don't understand why they don't give researchers GPU credits
       | directly given the type of impact they can make.
       | 
       | No legal slop, just email address of runpod/prime-intelect/x-gpu
       | provider account and deposit directly $5000 there. let them waste
       | it.
       | 
       | You can easily filter who's worth receiving by they github and
       | huggingface history.
        
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