[HN Gopher] The collapse of the econ PhD job market
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The collapse of the econ PhD job market
        
       Author : Ozarkian
       Score  : 187 points
       Date   : 2025-10-03 16:49 UTC (1 days ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.chrisbrunet.com)
        
       | cjbgkagh wrote:
       | Their predecessors should have done a better job managing the
       | economy.
        
         | postflopclarity wrote:
         | the people with economics PhDs are not the people in control of
         | economic policy.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | They're frequently the "oh ffs don't do that" folks, even.
        
         | mothballed wrote:
         | It tends to go the other way around; politicians and academia
         | pick economists that favor the way they'd like economics to be
         | managed.
         | 
         | Consider that Ludwig Von Mises, one of the most famous
         | economists never held a tenure track position. And Milton
         | Friedman won a nobel prize, including a study of monetary
         | history that damned the fed for helping bring on the great
         | depression -- later nobel prize to Bernanke for works that
         | included the great depression held quite different or even
         | opposing views to Friedman.
        
           | cjbgkagh wrote:
           | My sampling of my interactions with young PhD economists is
           | that they were all Neo-Keynesian, the only people I've met
           | who are of the Austrian school were Engineers.
           | 
           | I don't doubt that the economics profession has been shaped
           | by politics but it appears they are and have been rather
           | willing participants.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | Economics involves studying how the economy should be
             | managed, it is an inherently political field. Declaring one
             | school political and another non-political is itself a
             | political sleight of hand.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | > Declaring one school political and another non-
               | political
               | 
               | If I were to make a distinction it would be that Austrian
               | is a Positive Theory and Neo-Keynesian is a Normative
               | theory, and I think it's fair to say that normative
               | theories are more open to political influence than
               | positive ones.
        
               | hapless wrote:
               | One school consists of every university in the world. The
               | other school is George Mason University, and, uh, the
               | John Birch Society.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure UNLV still has Hoppe and they only let go
               | of Rothbard because he died. Which pairs pretty well with
               | the pretty laissez-faire roots of Nevada.
        
               | luther07 wrote:
               | Also Grove City College has been dedicated to the
               | Austrian School since 1956 apparently, when they hired
               | Hans Sennholz:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sennholz
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | It's not surprising that aspiring economists prefer the
             | theory which loads them with power.
        
             | jjk166 wrote:
             | That's like finding that very few PhD evolutionary
             | biologists are young earth creationists. People who study
             | economics wind up being neo-keynesians because that's what
             | the data supports.
        
           | hapless wrote:
           | Ludwig Von Mises was never _qualified_ for a university
           | appointment.
           | 
           | Even today he would never have a chance at a reputable
           | economics department -- only GMU gives any credence to that
           | kind of witch doctor nonsense.
        
             | mothballed wrote:
             | It's amazing Hayek won a Nobel after being the student of
             | such a washout.
        
               | hapless wrote:
               | People, both then and now, are fond of Hayek and Von
               | Mises works in anti-communist polemic. At no point were
               | they reputable _economists_.
        
               | mothballed wrote:
               | What on earth are you talking about? Hayek won a Nobel
               | prize for works in economics but isn't a reputable
               | economist?                 Friedrich August von Hayek
               | The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in
               | Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974            Born: 8 May 1899,
               | Vienna, Austria            Died: 23 March 1992, Freiburg,
               | Germany            Prize motivation: "for their
               | pioneering work in the theory of money and economic
               | fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the
               | interdependence of economic, social and institutional
               | phenomena"
               | 
               | https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-
               | sciences/1974/hay...
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | Von Mises was a hack. He got accolades as a form of early
           | affirmative action, to somehow balance all the Keynesian
           | economists getting awards.
           | 
           | The whole Austrian "school" of economists basically _prides_
           | itself on not making predictions but using their dogma to
           | explain whatever happens later. They always have an
           | explanation why everything is a result of rational decisions
           | of individuals. And if anything can't be explained by that,
           | it's just because the government interferes with the
           | perfection of markets.
        
             | sarchertech wrote:
             | The Austrian school is economics for people who never
             | learned calculus.
             | 
             | That doesn't mean they don't have interesting things to say
             | now and then, but it's mostly just a collection of folk
             | wisdom.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | Keynesian Bernanke on famed Austrian Milton Friedman:
               | 
               | "Among economic scholars, Friedman has no peer. His
               | seminal contributions to economics are legion, including
               | his development of the permanent-income theory of
               | consumer spending, his paradigm-shifting research in
               | monetary economics, and his stimulating and original
               | essays on economic history and methodology."
               | 
               | https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2002/20
               | 021...
        
               | linguae wrote:
               | Milton Friedman was not part of the Austrian School.
               | Rather, he was part of the Chicago School. While both
               | schools promote free market economics, there are
               | differences. In fact, one of the biggest differences has
               | to do with their views on central banking, with the
               | Austrian School generally being against fractional-
               | reserve currencies while the Chicago School being more
               | sympathetic. Milton Friedman was a monetarist.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | Milton Friedman also rejected one of the central Austrian
               | tenets, the business cycle.
        
               | sarchertech wrote:
               | As someone else said Friedman wasn't an Austrian. Not
               | even close. The only real similarity is that they both
               | are proponents of free market capitalism. Friedman was a
               | mainstream economist who used mathematical modeling and
               | statistical methods. The majority of Austrians don't use
               | either and prefer reasoning about individual actions from
               | first principles.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | Friedman was a Chicago monetarist, not just an Austrian
               | hack. Pure monetarism doesn't always work, as it ignores
               | irrational behavior, but it's not _useless_. Monetary
               | models work great in steady-state conditions for fine-
               | tuning and in cases where the monetary supply results in
               | high inflation.
               | 
               | The 2008 economic crisis demonstrated that brilliantly.
               | The IS-LM model correctly predicted the outcome of fiscal
               | expansion (lack of inflation, despite trillions in
               | stimulus) and the futility of monetary measures (negative
               | rates in Europe did not result in economic growth).
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | Bernanke's _opposing_ views on the Great Depression??
           | 
           | "Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an
           | official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like
           | to say to Milton and Anna: Regarding the Great Depression.
           | You're right, we did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you,
           | we won't do it again." - Bernanke
           | 
           | https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2002/20021.
           | ..
        
             | mothballed wrote:
             | Read "Conflicting Lessons of the Great Depression"[]
             | chapter of _Ben Bernanke versus Milton Friedman The Federal
             | Reserve's Emergence as the U.S. Economy's Central Planner_
             | for a summary of differing or opposing viewpoints.
             | 
             | From the introduction:                 ...As Bernanke,
             | while still only a member of the Fed's board of governors,
             | said in an address at a ninetieth-birthday celebration for
             | Friedman: "I would like to say to Milton and Anna:
             | Regarding the Great Depression. You're right, we did it.
             | We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again"
             | (2002b). This seeming similarity, however, disguises
             | significant differences in Friedman's and Bernanke's
             | approaches to financial crises...
             | 
             | https://www.sjsu.edu/people/tom.means/courses/econsymposium
             | /...
        
       | neom wrote:
       | I still couldn't quite grasp the underlying issue. People are not
       | studying economics so schools are not creating those positions,
       | but then it seemed to draw the line to people not studying
       | economics due to the lack of positions in academia, so chicken
       | and egg? I guess it's just that it compounds with the hiring
       | freezes in the public sector mentioned?
       | 
       | I came away feeling unsatisfied, is there a bigger cultural thing
       | going on here?
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | When I was growing up the fear of WW3 was ever present and
         | occupied the minds of intellectuals. One of the big questions
         | was how can we prevent another Great Depression. The Great
         | Depression was blamed for the rise of Fascism in Europe (the
         | collapse of Weimar Germany and the rise of Hitler). There was
         | genuine fear that Communism would also take root in the US
         | during the Great Depression. People looked to economists for an
         | explanation and a cure. For better or worse, the elites believe
         | they have an answer. My understanding is that the consensus is
         | that government must move heaven and earth to keep the
         | financial machinery (banks and payment services)flowing. To
         | prevent a chain reaction where the collapse of a big bank would
         | lead to the preventable closures of many businesses and loss of
         | jobs.
        
           | UncleOxidant wrote:
           | > The Great Depression was blamed for the rise of Fascism in
           | Europe (the collapse of Weimar Germany and the rise of
           | Hitler).
           | 
           | Fascism in Europe was already well underway when the Great
           | Depression started in '29. Weimar Germany collapsed due to
           | the terms of Treaty of Versailles which essentially broke
           | Germany's economy (Germany was essentially already in a
           | depression well before the US). However, there was a very
           | real fear in the US that the downturn that would later become
           | known as The Great Depression would lead to fascism in the
           | US.
        
             | corimaith wrote:
             | >Weimar Germany collapsed due to the terms of Treaty of
             | Versailles which essentially broke Germany's economy
             | (Germany was essentially already in a depression well
             | before the US).
             | 
             | This is completely wrong. Weimar Germany endured
             | significant troubles in the early years due to political
             | instability and reparations, but managed to overcome them
             | with American loans and rewrite some terms for a decade or
             | so of "Golden Years" before the Wall Street Crash, in which
             | loans were withdrawn and the unemployment then rapidly
             | rose.
             | 
             | So while the Treaty played a role, the Great Depression is
             | the direct cause for Weimar Germany's eventual collapse. If
             | they had 10 more years to recover, or if certain political
             | moves were done differently, Fascism likely could have
             | avoided.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | There are multiple issues in the Phd/Faculty market. Different
         | fields are at different phases of the cycle. The biggest trend
         | is that Universities expanded in the 1950s and 60s, and are now
         | contracting as population declines. Universities continue to
         | increase Phd production despite declining total employment
         | numbers as Phd students provide cheap labor. Numerous non-
         | tenure track positions have been created to fill the void with
         | mixed results.
        
           | ls612 wrote:
           | This is the case in many fields but not in Economics. There
           | is little incentive to pad out PhD counts for cheap labor
           | since the vast majority of the Econ PhD is either taking
           | classes in first and second year or working on independent
           | research after that. All job market candidates are expected
           | to have a solo authored paper on the market with some
           | asterisks I won't get into. There is little in the way of big
           | labs or PIs who require endless RAs. To the extent we need
           | RAs it's often undergrads or predocs doing data cleaning
           | stuff.
        
       | dleeftink wrote:
       | A specific market collapse, or a general one?
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Quick edit: I also dislike the persistent narrative of
       | 'guaranteed' placement for certain degrees and occupations. This
       | assumes a stagnant market and skill-set that does not at all hold
       | for current-day markets.
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | That will depend on if it fits the narrative or not.
        
         | closetohome wrote:
         | The "people think they're guaranteed a job" narrative is
         | because the author is a right-wing journalist who "exposes"
         | academics.
        
       | danbrooks wrote:
       | Academic hiring has taken a big hit with the uncertainty and
       | decline in federal funding.
        
         | abirch wrote:
         | Many academics that I've talked with say that their departments
         | are cutting back to 50% of last year's PhD enrollment due to
         | budget cuts and uncertainty. These were in biology and
         | chemistry.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | This needs to be stressed. It's not just uncertainty of grants.
         | That's a given, even when fed is stable.
         | 
         | Schools are questioning basic financial aid now. If Trump
         | follows through on eliminating ED, no one is confident that
         | there's a plan for any of the essential services and payments.
         | . . Because there's never really been a plan for anything else.
         | 
         | Higher education is scared right now.
        
           | Brybry wrote:
           | It's the plan they've been saying all along, right? Seems
           | like Trump / Project 2025 want to push apprenticeship
           | programs instead. [1][2][3]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-
           | sheet-pr...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-
           | actions/2025/04/prep...
           | 
           | [3] https://static.heritage.org/project2025/2025_MandateForLe
           | ade...
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | Loughia says >"If Trump follows through on eliminating
           | ED..."<
           | 
           | That would be a hard act to follow.
        
       | logicalfails wrote:
       | My first thought is wondering if it's one of two things:
       | 
       | A. The bottom half of PhD Economists are not being trained in the
       | data science/Big Data side of analysis increasingly needed
       | 
       | B. There is less demand for Theory-sided Economists over
       | computationally trained ones
        
         | asciident wrote:
         | CS and DS people are getting more applied and gaining domain
         | expertise, and can do a lot of economics work now. Academic
         | economists, especially those who primarily do data science /
         | big data, seem to basically be doing Masters-level data science
         | projects for their Ph.D. The hard part in their Ph.D.s is
         | collecting the data, which used to be a very manual job that
         | relied on connections, but more of them are getting them or
         | imputing them from public sources so it's not that impressive
         | anymore.
         | 
         | Speaking as someone who has attended 3 economics Ph.D. defenses
         | in the past two years.
        
           | logicalfails wrote:
           | In 2017, I listened to a highly cited Political Economist
           | rant about how
           | 
           | "The whole damn field is turning into a bunch of Data
           | Monkeys"
           | 
           | Referring to the rise of CS and DS minded economists in the
           | field. His top student was a computer science major...
        
             | bonsai_spool wrote:
             | > _Political Economist_ rant about how
             | 
             | Political economists are explicitly less interested in the
             | quantitative side of economics - which is why they call
             | themselves _political_ economists.
             | 
             | Thus, the comment about data makes a lot of sense, and
             | isn't evidence of what is going on with _economists_
        
               | logicalfails wrote:
               | His work and department was very quant heavy. I'd say the
               | majority of his students spend most of their time in
               | Python/R cleaning datasets running models
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | I'm not disagreeing with you, and I also know political
               | economists from that time who complain that their
               | discipline is changing. It just has very little to do
               | with what this article is discussing.
        
           | 1980phipsi wrote:
           | Data science wasn't even a degree you could get 20 years ago.
           | Twenty years ago if you were interested in what is now called
           | data science, you were getting a degree with some kind of
           | exposure to applied statistics. Economics is one of those
           | disciplines (through econometrics).
        
             | SJC_Hacker wrote:
             | > Data science wasn't even a degree you could get 20 years
             | ago.
             | 
             | It was called statistics
        
               | mjhay wrote:
               | No. Data science is different than statistics, because it
               | is done on computers. It also uses machine learning
               | algorithms instead of statistical algorithms. These
               | advances, and the shedding of generations of restrictive
               | cruft - frees data scientists to craft answers that their
               | bosses want to hear - proving the superiority of data
               | science over statistics.
        
               | mathteddybear wrote:
               | yeah, we called that data mining, decision systems, and
               | whatnot... mapreduce was as fresh and hot as the Paul
               | Graham's essays book... folks were using Java over
               | python, due to some open source library from around the
               | globe...
               | 
               | essentially, provided you were at a right place in a
               | right time, you could get a BSc in it
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | No, I did stats as part of economics around then, and
               | it's nothing like modern DS. It overlaps a fair bit, but
               | in practice the classical stats student is bringing a
               | knife to a gunfight.
               | 
               | The practice of working with huge datasets manipulated by
               | computers is valuable enough that you need separate
               | training in it.
               | 
               | I don't know what's in a modern stats degree though, I
               | would assume they try to turn it into DS.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | Data science is basically a marketing title given to what
               | would have been a joint CS/statistics degree in the past.
               | Maybe a double major, or maybe a major in one and an
               | extensive minor in another. And it's mostly taught by
               | people with a background in CS or statistics.
               | 
               | Like with most other academic fields, there is no clear
               | separation between data science and neighboring fields.
               | Its existence as a field tells more about the
               | organization of undergraduate education in the average
               | university than about the field itself.
               | 
               | The Finnish term for CS translates as "data processing
               | science" or "information processing science". When I was
               | undergrad ~25 years ago, people in the statistics
               | department were arguing that it would have been a more
               | appropriate name for statistics, but CS took it first.
               | The data science perspective was already mainstream back
               | then, as the people in statistics were concerned. But
               | statistics education was still mostly about introductory
               | classes of classical statistics offered to people in
               | other fields.
        
               | goalieca wrote:
               | Actuarial science perhaps
        
         | narrator wrote:
         | The bitter lesson is making it so all these people hand
         | designing features with econometric models are being obsoleted
         | by big models and lots of data.
        
         | ActorNightly wrote:
         | Its C. the market doesn't follow traditional models anymore.
         | 
         | The whole profession was basically centered around putting a
         | dollar amount on risk.
         | 
         | For example, lets say I give you a chance of either taking $1k
         | now, or playing a game where you have 1 in 10 chance to win
         | $200k. What would you do? The right answer is "sell" the risk
         | to someone. For example, on the average, if I "buy" the game
         | from 10 people, at a price of $10k each, I can realistically
         | win twice what I spend.
         | 
         | Repeat that over x number of steps and more complex games, and
         | that is what the PhDs worked on in terms of pricing.
         | 
         | For most of the time it worked ok. In a few instances (most
         | notably the Gaussian Copula that was a large reason for the
         | subprime house market crisis in 2007) it didn't.
         | 
         | The problem is that now, its impossible to predict whether
         | orange man is going to throw a hissy fit and cause the market
         | to go up or down, or if large investors are going to
         | artificially prop up stock like they did with Tesla.
        
           | eej71 wrote:
           | Its the old axiom best expressed by the philosopher Sir
           | Michael Tyson - "Everyone has a plan until they get punched
           | in the face".
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | To the extent that a single person can cause economists'
           | predictions to be off, those predictions were never good in
           | the first place. We will _always_ have unstable people in
           | power, it 's just human nature. If your predictions can't
           | hold up in the face of that, then you need to refine them.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | Look up the concept of computational irreduceability
        
           | mothballed wrote:
           | There was an electric vehicle stock I was watching for awhile
           | (WKHS) hoping for a good time to short. All their reports
           | showed what I believed was an unviable vehicle, there was
           | simply no way to produce it that was anywhere near gross
           | margin positive and they didn't have the money nor access to
           | capital to lose hundreds of millions proving that out. All
           | the economics of the company was going to zero, and they had
           | a ticking time bomb of debt they were about to default on.
           | 
           | Shortly before this debt time-bomb went off, Trump magically
           | showed up tweeting in support of the company and alluded to a
           | deal getting pulled off with GM. [] Of course, this ended up
           | being spun off as Lordstown motors, a company that has failed
           | horribly, including Hindenburg Research publishing a video of
           | one of the few trucks they had literally catching on fire on
           | the road while the CEO was simultaneously claiming they had
           | hundreds of millions of dollars in solid orders (later fined
           | by the SEC for that and barred from being an executive of a
           | company for N years).
           | 
           | I still don't understand how Trump magically got involved
           | with this penny stock at the 11th hour, but I can tell you I
           | feel something very fishy happened there.
           | 
           | https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/08/trump-tweet-sends-penny-
           | stoc...
        
             | aprilthird2021 wrote:
             | > I feel something very fishy happened there.
             | 
             | The man scammed his own supporters twice with crypto scams.
             | He, of course, is not at all opposed to market manipulation
             | or other types of financial scams
        
           | loire280 wrote:
           | You're right that the orange man has been a big factor, but
           | not because of his effect on the stock market. The stock
           | market isn't the economy, and most Econ PhDs are not working
           | on modeling stock prices.
           | 
           | As the article indicates, a huge portion of the market for
           | hiring PhDs is directly or indirectly dependent on federal
           | funding. Universities are freezing hiring and reducing PhD
           | cohort sizes, institutions like the IMF and World Bank are in
           | crisis, and US government agencies have been reducing staff
           | sizes. There was hope that the tech industry would provide
           | another big source of jobs for PhD economists, but that
           | hasn't panned out.
           | 
           | Source: the article, and my wife works in the UChicago
           | economics department.
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | In the end, the need for a certain job sector drives
             | demand. Its the same reason a new grad in CS in US could go
             | get a six figure salary, because everyone was racing to
             | monetize the web.
             | 
             | PhDs werent dealing with stock prices either. Nobody was
             | trying to predict the stock market. The goal was to price
             | volatility and sell volatility to the end party that would
             | actually roll the dice.
        
           | jgamman wrote:
           | Orange Guy is the official mascot for NZ elections.
        
       | DisKarlito wrote:
       | Economics academia has become its own only client.
       | 
       | Very few outside academia are interested in vector autoregression
       | models of inflation, DSGE or identification strategies.
       | 
       | Traditional macroeconomic data and all the models that
       | complemented it is technical debt.
        
         | DebtDeflation wrote:
         | This. My undergrad was in Economics (a long time ago). There
         | was a time I thought about doing a PhD, but ended up doing an
         | MS in Quant Finance instead. It's hard to believe that anyone
         | can take a DSGE model seriously as a model of how the economy
         | works.
         | 
         | For the unaware - graduate level Economics is nothing like pop
         | Economics, it's essentially an applied math degree. But the
         | math in question is extremely wonky. Mostly using Convex Set
         | Theory and Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem from topology to prove
         | the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a general
         | equilibrium solution for a "market" of price-quantity commodity
         | pairs. The assumptions needed to make it work are literally
         | absurd.
        
           | Onavo wrote:
           | Then why aren't all the quant shops snapping them up? It's
           | not like their hiring needs are affected much by changes in
           | the macro economy (except maybe trading volume and
           | liquidity).
        
             | krackers wrote:
             | Borrowing a line from Rentec, probably because they'd
             | rather prefer pure-math or physics people not "tainted" by
             | economic dogma
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | On the other hand Cliff Asness and AQR are perfectly
               | happy to rake in money by using the "dogma" as you
               | describe it to analyze and trade in financial markets.
        
             | DebtDeflation wrote:
             | Because it's a very different type of math than that used
             | in Quant Finance. Econ PhD programs don't want people with
             | broad math skills, they want people who know the very
             | narrow slice of math needed to solve these very unusual
             | models. Quant Finance mainly uses PDEs and Brownian Motion
             | stuff that all Math and Physics majors learn.
        
           | ls612 wrote:
           | The theory you are discussing (grad micro 101 equilibrium
           | existence) is not actually crazy if you think about what the
           | mathematical assumptions actually imply. Really the economic
           | assumptions boil down to "small changes in prices lead to
           | small changes in demand" and the math is just rigorously
           | defining small in terms of a general topology.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Small price changes don't necessarily lead to small
             | results. There's a reason companies advertise 19.99 not 20
             | which has been experimentally verified many times.
             | 
             | People simply act irrationally, which is a fundamental
             | issue when trying to treat economics as math.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Matter is not continuous and yet we don't need atoms to
               | predict how a metal sheet will bend. There are a lot of
               | sound theories about how to deal with discontinuity, and
               | how the problem solves itself when numbers get large
               | enough.
               | 
               | Or think of it like weather and climate: we cannot
               | predict that there will be a thunderstorm on a given day
               | 2 months from now, but we can be fairly confident that in
               | x years, the average global temperature will be y+-zdegC.
               | Because when you aggregate enough events, statistical
               | effects become dominant.
               | 
               | "But reality is not linear" is not really a gotcha.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Matter is not continuous and yet we don't need atoms to
               | predict how a metal sheet will bend.
               | 
               | At sufficient detail atomic structure has a huge impact
               | on how a metal sheet bends. Metallurgy seriously
               | investigates at this level.
               | 
               | Hand waving details is fine when discussing with friends,
               | it's not a sound foundation for serious academic
               | research.
               | 
               | Also, the degree to which the weather is unpredictable 2+
               | weeks out is somewhat overblown. It generally snows in DC
               | several days a year yet the odds it snows in DC 2 weeks
               | from now is essentially zero not ~4/365. Similarly you
               | can more accurately predict thunderstorms than a pure
               | guess 2 months from now. We may call it climate, but a
               | physical model of earths tilt, prevailing winds, CO2, etc
               | is better than just historic data.
        
               | wasabi991011 wrote:
               | > Hand waving details is fine when discussing with
               | friends, it's not a sound foundation for serious academic
               | research.
               | 
               | It's how physics worked for hundreds of years. Make a
               | handwavy model, find out it works on some cases but
               | breaks down on others, then make a slightly less handwavy
               | model the next time.
               | 
               | Metallurgy considering atomic structure is a very new
               | concept, and was not needed for the first millenias of
               | metalworking.
               | 
               | The issue with economics is not handwaving, is that
               | models are hard to test due to systems not being well
               | isolated.
        
               | oscaracso wrote:
               | The history of physics is the exact opposite of what you
               | say. Models were subject to considerable criticism and
               | refinement on theoretical, philosophical, and aesthetic
               | grounds. Newton did not discover universal gravitation
               | because Kepler's laws broke down. Maxwell did not
               | discover his correction because Ampere's laws broke down.
               | Einstein did not discover relativity because Newtonian
               | mechanics broke down. Investigation proceeded along
               | different lines altogether and was accompanied by a
               | degree of scrutiny not to be characterized as 'handwavy'.
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | Falling back to "people are irrational", in the economic
               | sense of rational (ie not having complete, transitive,
               | and reflexive preferences) quickly leads to any economic
               | claim being unfalsifiable.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Irrational isn't the same thing as unpredictable.
               | 
               | Biology was forced to deal with the insanity of
               | biochemistry because that's what is actually happening.
               | Economics can't get away from the innate complexity of
               | actual humans if it wants to be actually useful for more
               | than just propaganda.
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | You misunderstand the difficulty. We don't have (and
               | likely won't ever have) the ability to read people's
               | thoughts and say what they were thinking when they made
               | their choices. In order to do any analysis of human
               | choices you must impose assumptions on the process
               | because otherwise you can say that "they were thinking
               | xyz" and there is _no way_ to falsify that.
               | 
               | Economics chooses to impose assumptions that peoples
               | observed choices are a better way to study their behavior
               | than what they say, and so we look at the observable
               | state of the world for an individual economic agent. You
               | can do analysis of people whose preferences are not
               | rational (in the strict mathematical sense that I
               | described above) but _you must choose what kind of
               | irrationality they have_. And that gives you the ability
               | to assume any results. That isn 't any way to do science.
               | Rationality is the worst option except for all the rest
               | as they say.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Rationality isn't an option because it's wrong. There's
               | literally zero reason to invest any time into models
               | using it whatsoever when the opportunity to look for
               | something that actually works exists.
               | 
               | You don't need to read people's minds to predict their
               | behavior at sufficient granularity to be useful.
               | Economics is blessed with plenty of opportunities to
               | collect high quality real world data without needing to
               | conduct arbitrary experiments.
               | 
               | How much gas will this specific gas station sell on date
               | X. Build whatever models you want at whatever scale is
               | relevant and they face the brutal truth of a knowable
               | answer to judge them. That's how science progresses not
               | arbitrary assumptions to make modeling easier.
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | "Newtonian mechanics isn't an option because it is wrong.
               | There's literally zero reason to invest any time into
               | models using it whatsoever when the opportunity to look
               | for something that actually works exists."
               | 
               | Do you see the issue here when I frame it this way? The
               | core microeconomic assumption of people having
               | preferences which are complete, reflexive and transitive
               | (these are formal mathematical definitions! They don't
               | require a whole lot to hold!) has been incredibly useful
               | in the 20th and 21st centuries much like understanding
               | Newtonian mechanics was in the 18th and 19th centuries.
               | 
               | Besides this, you are still not engaging with the
               | philosophy of science point that I am making. Because of
               | the fact that humans have this pesky thing called free
               | will, unless we impose some assumptions on their thinking
               | nothing we study about causality in the behavior of
               | humans is falsifiable. Maybe you eat because you feel
               | hungry. Maybe you eat because you worship bread as a god.
               | I fundamentally can't say either way without making
               | assumptions that you likely find unobjectionable.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Do you see the issue here when I frame it this way?
               | 
               | Honestly no.
               | 
               | Newton mechanics can be accurate to 20 decimal places,
               | that's currently indistinguishable from reality in
               | relevant and well understood contexts. Making Newtonian
               | Mechanics actually useful.
               | 
               | The core microeconomic assumption is never anywhere close
               | to that accurate. It works except XYZ which doesn't apply
               | is acceptable, it never works isn't.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | I'm a pure math major, and I took several economics classes.
           | The whole field was very baffling for me.
           | 
           | The most reliable model was the dead simple IS-LM, which is
           | based on observations. But you don't really need a lot of
           | math for it, so it's boring.
           | 
           | As a result, researchers keep trying to generalize the
           | microeconomic behavior of people to derive macroeconomic
           | laws. Like we do with the ideal gas laws. And this produces
           | reams of beautiful math that you can investigate and tweak
           | endlessly. But it doesn't seem to have a lot of predictive
           | power.
        
             | raffael_de wrote:
             | Economists are stuck at a ceteris paribus level of
             | comprehending what's going on. Forget about differential
             | equations.
        
             | Findeton wrote:
             | Thing is, the part about using math for economics is highly
             | debatable and that's why Austrian School of economics
             | doesn't use it. From that perspective, we use ranking
             | systems for our preferences, at the individual level, so
             | using math for aggregate behaviour is just not well
             | substantiated. This point of view comes from Carl Menger,
             | which started the whole marginalist revolution.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | > Austrian School of economics doesn't use it
               | 
               | Well, yeah. They're basically a cult with three rules:
               | 
               | 1. The market is perfect.
               | 
               | 2. If the market is not perfect, then it's the fault of
               | the government.
               | 
               | 3. If you have any questions, see 1.
        
               | Findeton wrote:
               | No, they don't say that the market is perfect. And if you
               | want a cult, that's the current keynesian economics.
               | 
               | Anyway, I don't see any way around not using math.
               | Because value is subjective and that means it's a ranking
               | system of preferences, not based in nominal values.
        
               | Zigurd wrote:
               | No true Austrian Schools economist...
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | You can mathematically analyze subjective rankings.
               | That's not at all a problem for model building.
               | 
               | What makes the Austrian economics "school" a cult is not
               | the complexity of models. It's their rejection of models
               | altogether and a refusal to make testable predictions.
        
               | jostylr wrote:
               | As far as I can tell, Austrians believe that analyzing
               | based on individual preferences and actions is the key. I
               | haven't made it very far into Mises Human Action, but I
               | gather that was the starting point and Mises developed
               | many theorems based on that. So if you say that allowing
               | individuals to maximize their preferred choices given the
               | constraints around them is "the market" and artificially
               | restricting those choices, using acts or threats of
               | violence, is "the government", then yes, I suppose that
               | is their framework. One of the main things they would
               | probably push back against is the notion to think of the
               | market or government as independently existing entities.
               | The government is just a collection of individuals who
               | use violence to impose their will on others in a way that
               | most of the society is agreeable to, at least to some
               | extent, and, because they are individuals, they have
               | their own preferences and actions which can also be
               | analyzed in this framework. If you think people in the
               | market do things that are nasty when all the actions are
               | voluntary (and that certainly can happen), shouldn't you
               | be even more skeptical of those who are willing to engage
               | in violence to force the things they want to come to be
               | to happen?
               | 
               | Austrians would also object to the notion of something
               | being perfect. But they do analyze situations in which an
               | external force interferes with the normal voluntary flow
               | of actions and generally find that the stated outcomes
               | (probably not the actual desired outcomes) of those
               | external forces is generally not met. For example, rent
               | control is often argued for as about helping more people
               | to be housed and, empirically, that usually is not what
               | happens when rent control is enforced. One could argue
               | that the real intent of rent control is about making life
               | better for the well-connected at the expense of the less
               | well-connected and that probably does happen regularly.
        
             | avdelazeri wrote:
             | Cargo cult mathematics
        
           | k2enemy wrote:
           | > Mostly using Convex Set Theory and Brouwer Fixed Point
           | Theorem from topology to prove the existence, uniqueness, and
           | stability of a general equilibrium solution for a "market" of
           | price-quantity commodity pairs. The assumptions needed to
           | make it work are literally absurd.
           | 
           | This is true for the first foundational courses in micro and
           | macro. The profession has moved beyond this and the last
           | forty plus years of research have been looking at various
           | relaxations of these assumptions.
        
             | monkeyelite wrote:
             | Even the undergrad is like this. I was shocked to learn it
             | wasn't a historical study of economic theory and instead a
             | technical course in stats and modeling.
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | I just went through the DSGE wiki page [1]. It says the
           | following about the model, which if true, then I can see why
           | it is an completely unserious model.
           | 
           | > Below is an example of the set of assumptions a DSGE is
           | built upon:                   > Perfect competition in all
           | markets         > All prices adjust instantaneously         >
           | Rational expectations         > No asymmetric information
           | > The competitive equilibrium is Pareto optimal         >
           | Firms are identical and price takers         > Infinitely
           | lived identical price-taking households
           | 
           | > to which the following frictions are added:
           | > Distortionary taxes (Labour taxes) - to account for not
           | lump-sum taxation         > Habit persistence (the period
           | utility function depends on a quasi-difference of
           | consumption)         > Adjustment costs on investments - to
           | make investments less volatile         > Labour adjustment
           | costs - to account for costs firms face when changing the
           | level of employment
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_stochastic_general_
           | equ...
        
             | Matthyze wrote:
             | Are these not the 'friction can be ignored' assumptions of
             | economics? They are, of course, blatantly false. But that
             | doesn't stop such models from effectively modelling real-
             | world behavior.
             | 
             | Granted, I know a slight bit about general equilibrium
             | theory, but nothing about DSGE.
        
           | fluorinerocket wrote:
           | It's fine to want to solve interesting math problems for the
           | sake of it I suppose but they shouldn't be so certain about
           | things when telling politicians what policies will work
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | The opportunities are in applications that lead to job
         | opportunities in other departments, especially with the rise of
         | secondary data analysis in other fields... I would sell myself
         | as as a methodologist in a field of application, rather than an
         | economist first.
         | 
         | For example, I do health systems research in an academic
         | medical center. I work with a health economics research unit
         | that doesn't mint PhDs, but does hire at all stages of the
         | academic career, and there's been a lot of mobility for their
         | "alums" - just not in traditional Econ departments.
        
       | William_BB wrote:
       | The article is focused exclusively on the US. What about the rest
       | of the world? From what I've heard, it's a similar situation?
        
         | drnick1 wrote:
         | Academic salaries in the US are much higher than anywhere else.
         | That's where every academic wants to work. Consider this, many
         | places in Europe pay their junior faculty as little as PhD
         | candidates in the US.
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | This claim makes no sense.
           | 
           | Academic salaries are higher in the US than in most other
           | countries. But they are also unusually low relative to the
           | cost of living and industry salaries. In many meaningful ways
           | (such as home ownership), American academics enjoy a lower
           | standard of living than their colleagues in Europe.
           | 
           | Moving to another country is a huge sacrifice and involves
           | significant risks. Most people, including most academics, are
           | not particularly motivated by high incomes. What they seek
           | instead is stability. And that used to be the main reason why
           | American universities were able to lure PhDs from other
           | wealthy countries.
           | 
           | Because academic salaries are unusually low in the US
           | relative to the alternatives, there is less competition for
           | academic jobs and grants. If you take the subset of academics
           | who are willing to move to another country, they are more
           | likely to find a permanent position in the US than elsewhere.
           | Less competition means that any particular candidate is more
           | likely to be the top one for any particular position.
        
       | mannyv wrote:
       | At some level you can run all the econometric models you want to
       | get an answer, but you can just ask an LLM and you'll probably
       | get an answer that's just as accurate.
        
         | jgalt212 wrote:
         | Only if you're dealing with easily available and clean data.
         | And that's a big if. A commenter below was talking data science
         | skills, and I think if you have data science skills and
         | econometric skills you're probably in good shape job-wise.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | you probably want a qualified economist running the AI to
         | leverage productivity and assess/assert that output is high
         | quality
        
       | llmslave wrote:
       | Economics is largely a prestige circle jerk. Anyone outside the
       | top ivy departments has near zero chance of publishing research
       | that gets traction. There is a small cabal of people that
       | perpetuate this behavior. The field also just isnt that useful
       | 
       | There are many careers like this, including management consulting
       | and high finance. The hope is that AI flips the script and
       | democratizes these important functions in society
        
         | nextworddev wrote:
         | Doubtful the AI democratizes this. If anything it centralizes
         | power and capital even more.
        
         | GLdRH wrote:
         | One of the more salutary effects of AI will be the removal of
         | bad journalism and bad science (bad in the sense of slop).
        
           | contagiousflow wrote:
           | Can I ask you why you think that will happen?
        
             | GLdRH wrote:
             | Because the job can be done by AI.
             | 
             | Yes, I was unprecise to the point of being wrong.
        
               | contagiousflow wrote:
               | Why wouldn't you assume that AI doing it would only
               | increase the amount of bad journalism and bad science? If
               | the cost of something goes down shouldn't the amount of
               | it increase?
        
           | nextworddev wrote:
           | Wrong. The bad journalism just now uses AI.
        
             | GLdRH wrote:
             | You're right
        
           | thatguy0900 wrote:
           | People in power (including the people running these Ai
           | companies) love bad journalism and bad science.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | You lost me when you mentioned management consulting and high
         | finance as important functions in society.
        
       | ls612 wrote:
       | I was on the market last year as a fairly strong candidate, my
       | advisors expected me to get a good tenure track job in a Finance
       | department. I had first round interviews at multiple top 10
       | departments before things really went pear-shaped.
       | 
       | Here's what actually happened. The market looked pretty normal
       | until November 5th, and then after that things went downhill.
       | First the Fed Board of Governors stopped hiring (some regional
       | banks kept hiring but had their offers explode on Jan 20). Then
       | in January universities which had already done their first round
       | interviews started imposing hiring freezes and cancelling
       | flyouts. At the same time the Federal Government completely
       | stopped hiring with DOGE coming in. Private sector hiring has
       | been down for a few years since the ZIRP era ended so that part
       | isn't new.
       | 
       | In the end I got a postdoc at a pretty good US university and
       | will go on the market again in 2026-2027 with a much stronger
       | portfolio than I had last year. Hopefully that will be enough for
       | me, but I know for many others they may not be so lucky.
        
         | zzleeper wrote:
         | Good luck; we probably crossed paths (I was helping a bit on
         | the hiring side at some point). A postdoc is a really great
         | option, I've seen lots of people do that before going for a
         | bschool so it can definitely can work.
         | 
         | BTW one other thing besides what you mentioned is not just the
         | freeze but the firings. FDIC lost 30% of staff, BOG is going to
         | reduce maybe 10%, CFPB is no more, etc. so the market is
         | actually being flooded with senior economists. They won't
         | compete directly with the posts you want but still flood the
         | market.
        
       | complex_pi wrote:
       | Welcome to the world. A PhD guarantees nothing, tenured position
       | barely exist anymore. Weird that economists did not realize this
       | yet...
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | agree. All job markets are 'bad'. The number of openings is
         | greatly exceeded by people applying. this is true for pretty
         | much everything.
        
         | hyperbovine wrote:
         | A lot of the trends identified in this article are ubiquitous
         | across academia, and in fact much worse in humanities -- having
         | 99 TT positions open in a year would make my friends in the
         | English department swoon!
         | 
         | It's just that economics, as a field, is better at making
         | charts and loudly complaining about things.
        
       | kenjackson wrote:
       | UCSD this year said they are not taking any new math PhD students
       | due to the fiscal situation. The world of academia is in more
       | flux than I've seen in recent memory.
        
         | pempem wrote:
         | This is some long horizon impact. Really just wildly
         | unfortunate to see a disruption that feels unique. It's not due
         | to war, even if academics could 'flee' to another institution,
         | its a discarding of the prioritization of knowledge generation.
         | The thing humanity has been built on.
        
           | reactordev wrote:
           | It's more aggressive than that. It's an intentional
           | dismantling of higher education overall.
        
             | gjsman-1000 wrote:
             | Higher education pissed off half of customers in their
             | quest for moral purity, at the same time as birth rate
             | decline post-2008 began hitting, while raising prices +93%
             | on average since 2008. That's not a great way to survive.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > That's not a great way to survive.
               | 
               | Wait until you see how well setting it all on fire works.
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | > pissed off half of customers in their quest for moral
               | purity
               | 
               | I'm not sure what 'half' means here. It's neither true
               | that men make up half of applicants (which are really
               | what we should be focusing on), nor that so-called
               | 'conservatives' make up half of this population.
        
               | smallmancontrov wrote:
               | Academia didn't choose trickle-down policy. Quite the
               | opposite -- that was you guys, _after_ you purged all the
               | leftist economists in the McCarthy era. In fact, the
               | think-tank driven economics departments of recent years
               | are so notoriously to the right of most academic faculty
               | that this is a point of frequent conflict.
        
               | the_sleaze_ wrote:
               | This wasn't a response to any of his arguments.
               | 
               | I am interested in what people have to say about them
               | though.
               | 
               | 1. DEI and identity politics prioritization 2. cost
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | This is just partisan conspirational nonsense. Modern
               | Economics took the useful things from Marx and left the
               | rest in the dustbin of history like it should. Nor do
               | Economists advocate for "trickle-down" theory, the answer
               | has more to do with where one is on the laffer curve.
               | 
               | Economists clash frequently with other fields like social
               | sciences because such fields continue to use
               | unfalsifiable and highly flawed epistemic tools like
               | dialectics to advocate for debunked theories like World
               | Systems Theory.
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | Economic theory in western nations is so hilariously
               | skewed towards free market capitalist think that obvious
               | models are just straight up missed, or sometimes
               | obviously wrong conclusions are drawn. Most economics
               | start with the understanding that the answer or cause is
               | _something_ about free market forces, and then work
               | backwards.
               | 
               | For example, when talking about the economics of
               | healthcare (or anything else, but lets start with
               | healthcare), the conversation is approached from the get-
               | go under the assumption that:
               | 
               | 1. Healthcare is already a free market.
               | 
               | 2. It is possible for healthcare to be a free market.
               | 
               | 1. is just not true. Healthcare, in the US and and all
               | developed nations, is not a free market. But, economists
               | will just assume it is, because they assume everything is
               | a free market, and then apply free market dynamics.
               | Basically, they skip step 1, and go to step 1000.
               | 
               | And, for number 2, it's very debatable. IMO no,
               | healthcare cannot be a free market, just by virtue of
               | what healthcare is as a service. But that's debatable, I
               | won't get into it.
               | 
               | Point is, we immediately start our economic understanding
               | based off assumptions on top of assumptions that come
               | from free market thinking, thinking around IP, thinking
               | about consumer knowledge, thinking about access, etc.
               | 
               | We make absolutely wild and unsubstantiated claims _for
               | free_ , and nobody checks them.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | >But, economists will just assume it is, because they
               | assume everything is a free market, and then apply free
               | market dynamics. Basically, they skip step 1, and go to
               | step 1000.
               | 
               | Which economist are you referring to here? It's hard to
               | even see what specific policy conclusions you're
               | critiquing here, beyond a vague strawman against "free
               | market assumptions".
        
               | quantumgarbage wrote:
               | That isn't a vague strawman, that's a great point.
               | Economists work from assumptions, which can be flawed in
               | two ways: they can be blatantly wrong (see the work
               | Kahneman and Tversky did on the rational individual
               | hypothesis) and they can be unfalsifiable (you can't
               | always gather data about the assumption itself). There is
               | a good essay on this from Tirole (yet a very mainstream
               | economist) here: https://www.tse-
               | fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/doc/...
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | You're pointing to a critique of an assumption, what I'm
               | saying can you name a specific economic policy or
               | position given by an economist that is used in real
               | public policy and then we can measure the merits of those
               | policies and their assumptions as opposed to the
               | counterfactuals. I'd bet 9/10 times the chosen policy
               | likely would have been the most logical option.
               | 
               | After all, it's not like the epistemologies of the other
               | humanities stands on far more shakier grounds...
        
               | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
               | > the most logical option
               | 
               | Well for whom? Another aspect of this problem is an
               | economic solution can have winners and losers. An
               | economic policy that invokes slavery as solution to labor
               | issues may actually be 'logical' but clearly puts the
               | interests of one group over another. Economics is just
               | the science resource allocation after all. People have
               | some serious biases when it comes to deciding policy on
               | who gets what and how.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | I've asking multiple posters to give a specific policy
               | example to critique and so far all of you have been
               | unable to do so, instead dancing around and critiquing
               | vague notions of a possibility of bias without giving
               | concrete examples. Very postmodern, but this is why
               | actual policymakers don't listen to critique like this.
        
               | Eddy_Viscosity2 wrote:
               | Ok, cutting taxes to the very rich while raising them on
               | middle and lower classes and cutting services. This was
               | part of the big beautiful bill. This is 'logical' from
               | the point of view of the billionaire class, but in terms
               | of the economy that everyone else lives in, things will
               | be worse for them.
        
               | corimaith wrote:
               | >Ok, cutting taxes to the very rich while raising them on
               | middle and lower classes and cutting services. This was
               | part of the big beautiful bill. This is 'logical' from
               | the point of view of the billionaire class
               | 
               | Deciding who benefits or not from legislation is not a
               | Economist's domain, their work is descriptive, not
               | normative. You're critiquing politicians here for
               | prioritizing GDP, but that is divorced from your critique
               | of economics. The economist will only tell you what they
               | think will happen with regard to the economy if you pass
               | a bill or not given the goals you've outlined to them.
               | 
               | https://taxfoundation.org/blog/big-beautiful-bill-impact-
               | def...
               | 
               | https://www.cbo.gov/publication/61387
               | 
               | Well you look at analysis here, do you then disagree with
               | the predictions of the bill and the methodology used, and
               | if so, what is your better analysis here with supposedly
               | more refined epistemic assumptions?
        
               | erxam wrote:
               | _Milei 's government slashed the national health care
               | budget by 48 percent in real terms and fired over 2,000
               | Health Ministry workers -- 1,400 in just a few days in
               | January. These drastic moves were part of Milei's broader
               | plan to shrink the state and remake Argentina's debt-
               | ridden economy._
               | 
               |  _Among the most dramatic cutbacks was the dismantling of
               | the National Cancer Institute, which halted early
               | detection programs for breast and cervical cancer.
               | Funding was also frozen for immunization campaigns,
               | severely disrupting vaccine access during Argentina 's
               | first measles outbreak in decades. The National
               | Directorate for HIV, Hepatitis, and Tuberculosis lost 40
               | percent of its staff and 76 percent of its budget,
               | delaying diagnosis and treatment across the country.
               | Emergency contraception and abortion pill distribution
               | have also stopped._
               | 
               |  _Prescription drug prices and private health insurance
               | premiums have surged by 250 percent and 118 percent,
               | respectively, according to official data._
               | 
               | https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/278391265/mileis-
               | austeri...
               | 
               | Obviously, this is an article from the political side of
               | things (I tried to cut out value judgements), but these
               | are decisions made by _actual_ economists like Jose Luis
               | Espert, Agustin Etchebarne, Federico Sturzenegger,
               | Alberto Benegas Lynch and probably a million others I 'm
               | not aware of.
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | There is no economics that involves enslaving other
               | humans. Not slavery. Not ever. However, in debt in
               | perpetuity is a thing. So you have to work to pay, so you
               | can live, so you can work, so you can pay...
               | 
               | Debt crisis is a real problem. We have borrowed more than
               | we can ever repay, all nations, for the last 30 years.
               | Both sides. Just drove right off the cliff.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Economists work from assumptions_
               | 
               | All models start with givens...
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the conversation is approached from the get-go under
               | the assumption that: 1. Healthcare is already a free
               | market. 2. It is possible for healthcare to be a free
               | market_
               | 
               | Nobody does this.
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | America's greatest conservative government pressured a
               | private business to fire a comedian for a remark on the
               | death of someone who was basically a celebrity troll.
               | 
               | ...and they turn around and complain about liberals'
               | "moral purity."
        
               | reactordev wrote:
               | To them, he was a master of manipulation, exactly what
               | they're looking for. Someone who can spout racism and
               | bigotry and drive listenership based on what crazy thing
               | he'll say next. Where does this sound familiar? It's
               | playbook man. That's their business. I don't condone any
               | of what happened but he's not someone we should be
               | building statues of.
        
             | FrustratedMonky wrote:
             | Yeah, where do people think Technology Growth comes from.
             | GOP is all Growth, Growth, Growth, will save us, but hey
             | lets poison the well from which it flows.
             | 
             | All AI growth today, is actually from Academia from 20
             | years ago.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Growth comes from many sources. The supply-side economics
               | wing of the GOP would claim that lower taxes and smaller,
               | less intrusive government will allow for a higher private
               | sector growth rate. There may be some truth to that,
               | although the effects are probably limited compared to the
               | development of disruptive new technologies.
        
           | aprilthird2021 wrote:
           | Anecdotally I have heard similar things from top tier
           | institutions in the US as well. They are all in recession
           | mode basically and actively cutting classes, staff, and
           | lecturers.
           | 
           | This all started when the govt began withholding federal
           | funding in an attempt to clamp down on campus protests
        
             | bonsai_spool wrote:
             | > This all started when the govt began withholding federal
             | funding in an attempt to clamp down on campus protests
             | 
             | This is definitely not why the 'govt began withholding
             | federal funding'
        
               | yongjik wrote:
               | Yeah it's more like "clamp down on higher education."
               | 
               | I've said it multiple times, Trump and his folks see
               | higher education as the enemy, the anti-Christ that
               | corrupts their vision of America. Protests and admin
               | bureaucracy (give me a fucking break) are just convenient
               | excuses.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | I guess it's the excuse, maybe not the real reason. But
               | the cases with UCLA and Harvard is when this all changed
        
               | bonsai_spool wrote:
               | > I guess it's the excuse, maybe not the real reason. But
               | the cases with UCLA and Harvard is when this all changed
               | 
               | That is not true. Those happened in 2024.
               | 
               | The extortionate demands are happening in 2025.
               | 
               | The campus protests are clearly a pretext.
        
             | kadushka wrote:
             | I hope they're cutting their bloated administration
             | departments before cutting classes and lecturers, but I'm
             | not holding my breath.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | > bloated administration departments
               | 
               | Can you demonstrate how those administration departments
               | were bloated (in any way)
               | 
               | edit: re-added "administration" which I had, for some
               | reason, neglected to add, thinking that it was obvious
               | that that was what I was talking about.
        
               | kadushka wrote:
               | Yes, this fact is well-known and has been widely
               | discussed. The first two google search results provide
               | the stats:
               | 
               | https://students.bowdoin.edu/bowdoin-
               | review/features/death-b...
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulweinstein/2023/08/28/adm
               | ini...
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Both of those links (thanks for providing them) only talk
               | about raw numbers, no real in depth analysis of whether
               | the administrators are needed at those levels, or not,
               | nor even how they classify someone as being an
               | administrator.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | The numbers are alarming, but I feel like seeing more
               | details would be really helpful. For example MIT and
               | CalTech both have numbers that indicate something like 7x
               | more non-faculty staff than faculty. That sounds crazy,
               | but is it? I'd love to know more detail about the
               | distribution of people to those non-faculty roles.
               | 
               | I feel like this is an example where we can get almost
               | everyone behind reducing costs at college by showing
               | better data. If you were to show, for example, that 7x is
               | almost all carbon emissions admins then I think we'd see
               | a ton of support to cut these positions. But it may also
               | be the case that people see the admin responsibilities
               | and say, "Oh... OK, that makes sense". The problem is --
               | with this data, I have no idea.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | I have a suspicion that as an entity such as a University
               | (or government, or business, etc) gets larger, its
               | bureaucracy/administrations needs grow (at a much faster
               | rate)
        
               | araes wrote:
               | There's some examples in the first link, with the
               | implication they're representative (unknown whether they
               | are, yet, "detail about the distribution")
               | 
               | > Purdue administrator: a "$172,000 per year associate
               | vice provost had been hired to oversee the work of
               | committees charged with considering a change in the
               | academic calendar" who defended their role to a Bloomberg
               | reporter by stating "'[my] job is to make sure these
               | seven or eight committees are aware of what's going on in
               | the other committees.'"
               | 
               | > serve primarily as liaisons between bureaucratic arms.
               | "Health Promotion Specialist", "Student Success Manager,"
               | and "Senior Coordinator, Student Accountability" are all
               | positions currently available on higheredjobs.com. A
               | Harvard Crimson article considered the university's
               | recent Faculty of Arts and Science (FAS) "Task Force on
               | Visual Culture and Signage", a 24 member-strong committee
               | including 9 administrators.
        
               | layman51 wrote:
               | I don't have any serious evidence, but the idea of
               | "bloated administration" has been a meme for many years
               | and I remember this humorous article describing it as a
               | new chemical element floating around since around a
               | decade ago:
               | https://meyerweb.com/other/humor/administratium.html
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Yeah - I often hear politically motivated speakers talk
               | about "bloat" in various parts of organisations, but I've
               | never (literally) seen anything beyond "numbers"
               | 
               | That's not really helpful, because, as I said to the
               | other poster and have subsequently been down voted for it
               | - that's not genuine analysis, we don't know anything
               | about who is being described as "administration" nor do
               | we know why they're there in the first place.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | I know a current professor who has been in the same
               | department for 15 years and the admin bloat thing is
               | definitely real. Just tons of new people employed for who
               | knows what. Maybe the numbers are out there maybe not
               | (who is looking at them?) but it's definitely not an
               | imaginary thing or made up for political purposes.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | An anecdote describing feels is political.
               | 
               | This is why i want hard facts.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | It's not feels when admin has grown massively in staff
               | while other staff, faculty and students remain the same
               | lol. It's really not interesting talking to someone who
               | actively and proudly places their head in the sand.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | You literally presented an anecdote on the feelings of
               | "someone you know"
               | 
               | 1. It's not my head in the sand. 2. Do you have any
               | actual hard, credible, facts?
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | You don't seem to be able to distinguish between an
               | anecdote on feelings as opposed to anecdote on facts.
               | That's unfortunate but it's not something I can help you
               | with. So I will just leave you with your head in the
               | sand.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Please, stop posting false claims and anecdotes.
               | 
               | An anecdote is not data, not ever.
               | 
               | No matter how you try to spin things, your claim was
               | worth less than the recycled electrons it rode in on.
        
               | kelipso wrote:
               | Now you're backing up to false claims lol. Seems to me
               | you are clinging on to a hot take that you will do
               | anything to defend. No point in a discussion with you.
        
               | awesome_dude wrote:
               | Your false claim is that somehow I have my head in the
               | sand for daring to point out that you are providing
               | anecdotes which are feelings based (there are _zero_ hard
               | facts in your claim, no numbers, no examples, just
               | "looks like more people")
               | 
               | The pointlessness of your claims is upsetting you,
               | because you've been found out. I get it, you thought that
               | you could get away with BS, but you got called out
               | instead.
               | 
               | If you have hard facts, that are credible and verifiable,
               | you can post them at any time.
               | 
               | You don't have those, that's why you resorted to insults.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | They are cutting both from what I hear from lecturers in
               | top schools
        
           | gbacon wrote:
           | This seems like a broad overgeneralization unless you believe
           | zero fat in grad schools is available for trimming.
        
             | LPisGood wrote:
             | The fat (insofar as it exists) is almost entirely not in
             | mathematics PhD student funding.
             | 
             | Compared to almost any activity a university could take, it
             | is incredibly cheap to bring in mathematics PhD students.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Most phd programmes are very, very low fat when it comes to
             | salaries.
             | 
             | An academic CS department has to attract PhD level talent
             | in hot areas like ML while only paying $30k a year.
        
               | harvey9 wrote:
               | Is there a long term financial payoff, or does it mostly
               | attract people who are choosing academia over commercial
               | for some other reason?
        
               | LPisGood wrote:
               | A little of column A and a little of column B. There is
               | prestige in getting a PhD. There is also access and
               | unique networking opportunities.
               | 
               | On the purely financial side, many top students work
               | internships during the summers and make 40 or 50 thousand
               | dollars during that time in addition to their academic
               | stipend.
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | In CS there's a long term payoff bc tech has the money to
               | invest in R&D even in an economy like this one
        
               | array_key_first wrote:
               | The payout is very, very long term and honestly you
               | probably don't come out ahead.
               | 
               | Starting your career 10 years earlier (effectively) and
               | immediately progressing in your career probably gets you
               | further. Especially if you look towards management, which
               | is where the money is (usually, million dollar AI
               | research salaries is a new thing).
        
               | aprilthird2021 wrote:
               | I don't think this is always true. AI research big
               | payouts aren't even a new thing. It was common 10 years
               | ago for big name professors to get hired by Google etc.
               | and bring the whole lab with them.
               | 
               | Also a PHD is not 10 years long? You start your career
               | 4-5 years after a typical BS in CS
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | Well, the big money is in becoming a leader in a field
               | _before_ it 's hot - making the _big_ payoffs very
               | speculative.
               | 
               | In the mid 2000s, natural language modelling was a joke
               | and the best performing ML systems for sentiment analysis
               | would lose in benchmarks to emoji counters. Today, people
               | with a PhD in ML language modelling and years of
               | experience delivering projects in industry are finding
               | the PhD in ML really pays off.
               | 
               | But what about someone who spent the mid 2000s working on
               | formal methods for static analysis? Or a compiler
               | responding to the challenges created by Intel's Itanium
               | architecture? Or trying to fit FPGA accelerator boards
               | into the niche CUDA fills today?
               | 
               | Well, honestly their career's probably still going fine,
               | they're a smart person and there's been many years of
               | high demand for competent programmers. But industry isn't
               | beating their door down; the beneficial effects of the
               | PhD will be a lot less obvious.
               | 
               | Honestly a lot of PhDs go to people from cultures that
               | prize education; and to people from upper-middle-class
               | backgrounds who've been brought up to do well in school,
               | follow their passions, no need to worry too much about
               | money.
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | The sources of university funding and spending on
             | administration has been broken for a long time.
             | 
             | What does a graduate math program need? A building with
             | some offices and classrooms, wifi, email service, maybe a
             | couple of secretaries and janitors, office supplies, and
             | salaries for students and researchers/instructors.
             | 
             | What need does a math program have for any but the most
             | basic administration? That's where all the money is going,
             | where the biggest growth in spending is going.
             | 
             | You could cut university admin costs by 75% and lose
             | nothing. Start with the top 25 university presidents who
             | all earn a slightly rounded up 2 million a year and more.
        
               | nxobject wrote:
               | ...and money to go to conferences and summer schools, and
               | money for software licenses (especially in applied
               | programs), and department funds to bring visiting
               | academics, and the following things that get lumped under
               | administration: money for grad student food pantries and
               | childcare because funding streams for PhDs don't provide
               | for good salaries outright, and job advising centers
               | because the math job market is a crapshoot, and free
               | student health clinics for psychological and physical
               | health because doing a PhD in any condition is rough...
        
               | LPisGood wrote:
               | A lot of software licenses are free for academic use for
               | what it's worth.
        
               | jltsiren wrote:
               | Who pays for all that? Usually it's not the students or
               | even private funders / donors. Most of the money comes
               | from one level of the government or another, and it comes
               | with all kinds of regulations and requirements. Complying
               | with that requires a lot of specialized administrative
               | staff.
               | 
               | Most of the time, when you hear a politician saying that
               | universities should / should not do X, they are
               | effectively saying that universities should spend more on
               | administration.
               | 
               | Universities with a residential campus have a lot of
               | staff in functions unrelated to the academic mission,
               | such as student housing, food services, healthcare, or
               | sports facilities. If they have to compete for students
               | instead of most people just automatically choosing the
               | nearest university, focusing on these tends to make them
               | more competitive. And while student amenities are not
               | particularly important to PhD students, they are
               | important to the university if it also educates
               | undergraduates.
               | 
               | Then there is the organization chart. In a traditional
               | university, the faculty senate (or another similar body)
               | is in charge and all administrators are subordinate to
               | it. But the modern world prefers centralized
               | organizations, with administrators at the top. And
               | whoever is in charge also determines the priorities of
               | the organization.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | "You could cut university admin costs by 75% and lose
               | nothing."
               | 
               | People say that, but could you really? I'd love to see a
               | breakdown on how you pull this off.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Cut the top 20 salaries in half and fire 10% of the staff
               | who are not directly involved in academics (must teach,
               | learn, or research) for starters. Sever any major
               | athletics organization (i.e. football, basketball, etc)
               | into a separate legal entity with something like a
               | license fee to the university based on team revenue as a
               | percentage so funds flow exclusively in one direction.
               | 
               | University admin work expands to the available workforce
               | and I've heard first person accounts from long time
               | senior university staff about admin employees who
               | literally didn't do anything of any conceivable
               | consequence.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | I mean actually breakdown exactly where the spending is
               | going and then show the cuts.
               | 
               | You can say "cut salaries in half" about any industry.
               | You could say it about software engineers. But just
               | because you say that doesn't mean it'll work out well for
               | the industry. Non-minimum wage salaries should be market
               | driven. I doubt you could just cut salaries in half and
               | keep a reasonable work force.
        
             | thisisit wrote:
             | This seems to be the default defense - Is there no
             | fraud/fat/waste etc in this thing which is being harmed?
             | 
             | It sounds like people don't understand bureaucracy is
             | always imperfect. If it was perfect then you don't need to
             | create another agency called DOGE while having
             | Congressional Budget Office and do exactly the same things.
             | 
             | The question should be is there fraud/fat/waste which has a
             | meaningful impact? If not then it changing it wouldn't
             | really matter. The unfortunate thing is that anecdotal
             | evidence rules supreme and there are enemies every where.
             | 
             | "Data doesn't support a meaningful impact? I saw it with my
             | own eyes so it should be true and the person reporting the
             | data must have Democrat agenda"
        
             | dotnet00 wrote:
             | PhDs are probably the leanest degree for a research school
             | to support.
             | 
             | They don't attend classes after ~2 years, mostly operate
             | independently besides consulting with their advisor, don't
             | take anywhere near a professor's salary, teach or TA
             | classes, act as lab technicians, and bring in money through
             | grants.
             | 
             | The costs are mostly upfront in the form of providing the
             | necessary research facilities to attract research-oriented
             | faculty and students, and the administrative staff needed
             | to ensure compliance with grant terms.
        
               | oscaracso wrote:
               | >PhDs are probably the leanest degree for a research
               | school to support.
               | 
               | In America the students at the undergraduate and masters
               | levels pay to pursue their degrees, while the PhDs are
               | paid by the school. As these students do not directly
               | generate revenue, the PhD programs will be first on the
               | chopping block and the admin who make the 'tough
               | decisions' to keep the ship afloat will be off at their
               | next jobs by the time the chickens come home to roost.
        
           | elevation wrote:
           | Oddly, the actual threat to knowledge generation?
           | Institutions that absorb societal-scale science budgets while
           | perpetuating systemic fraud.
           | 
           | Institutional administrators confiscate 50, 60, 70% of every
           | research grant.
           | 
           | Institutions demand published work even when results do not
           | warrant it, and demote professors honest enough to document a
           | null result.
           | 
           | The peer review system then rubber stamps papers with no
           | actual review or reproduction. Journals blacklist professors
           | who withhold endorsement.
           | 
           | The result? 90%+ of academic science is fraud. But which 90%?
           | We need to drastically reform this system.
        
             | searine wrote:
             | This is anti-intellectual propaganda.
             | 
             | Seriously, 90%? None of what you said is happening at
             | anywhere near that scale. Touch grass.
        
               | monkeyelite wrote:
               | Professors have told me it doesn't matter which
               | administration is in - they just need to rebrand their
               | project to meet funding requirements. Isn't that a scary
               | thought? We have no visibility and they are skilled
               | enough to transform into any form.
        
             | gammarator wrote:
             | [citation needed]
        
             | monkeyelite wrote:
             | This. It's not useful to capture the smartest people if we
             | deploy them to spend 50% of their time promoting projects
             | for grants.
        
             | knappa wrote:
             | > Institutional administrators confiscate 50, 60, 70% of
             | every research grant.
             | 
             | Not even the Trump admin is alleging levels of indirect
             | costs that high. See e.g.
             | 
             | https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-
             | OD-25-0...
             | 
             | "Yet the average indirect cost rate reported by NIH has
             | averaged between 27% and 28% over time."
             | 
             | and a lot of that is simply because nobody wants to do the
             | detailed accounting for things like: lab electricity usage,
             | janitorial services, misc supplies.
             | 
             | > The result? 90%+ of academic science is fraud.
             | 
             | This is dramatic nonsense; a simple made up number.
        
           | boplicity wrote:
           | Fascism is not an ideology, or a philosophical idea, it's a
           | system of government. And dismantling and/or gaining control
           | over academia is a core part of the system.
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | Their acceptance rate is in the 25% range. Clearly the demand
         | is there, so why is there a "fiscal situation"?
         | 
         | In the mid 90's I went to a university that had cafeteria-style
         | food, and dorms with no air conditioning. You don't need Waygu
         | beef and massages in order to teach students. There shouldn't
         | be any "fiscal situation" in higher education.
         | 
         | What is a university anyway? It's some buildings and classrooms
         | with professors and students. It should be SUPER CHEAP to run a
         | university.
        
           | barumrho wrote:
           | Math PhDs are usually paid stipend and pay no tuition, so
           | each additional student is a cost to the school.
        
             | kelipso wrote:
             | And they are primarily funded by outside, usually
             | government, money that professors bring in through grants
             | etc. If government doesn't fund the professors, they can't
             | pay grad students. If they can't pay grad students, then
             | the university has to pay them directly from its own money,
             | but the university can only pay so many grad students.
        
               | kenjackson wrote:
               | Through this whole thread, this is really the answer.
               | Students don't just pay their own way. And the model
               | isn't that universities give scholarships to PhD
               | students. PhD students either get TAships (that are paid
               | by the department) or RAships (paid by the professor
               | through their research grants). If the school is losing
               | (or at risk of losing) research grants then the first and
               | easiest thing to go is grad students.
               | 
               | This isn't about administrative bloat or any of that
               | other stuff. It's purely the model to fund grad students
               | is being choked and this is one of the few levers
               | programs have to adjust to it.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | I agree with you about the excesses of university luxury, but
           | the fact that it's just teachers and students is what makes
           | it expensive in fact.
           | 
           | As technology and labor-saving devices make everything more
           | productive, human labor gets relatively more expensive over
           | time. It's more expensive than it was 30 years ago, much more
           | than 60 years ago.
           | 
           | Any business that relies on specifically human labor that
           | can't be automated has more and more trouble being
           | profitable, at least at prices that any but the rich can
           | afford.
        
           | Konnstann wrote:
           | You forgot about administrators, who are climbing in number
           | relative to the number of students for no good reason.
        
             | judahmeek wrote:
             | Prove it.
             | 
             | For your convenience, here's a link to a conversation
             | started by someone else saying the same thing & then
             | actually providing sources (that don't necessarily support
             | their claim): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45466504
        
           | aprilthird2021 wrote:
           | > Their acceptance rate is in the 25% range. Clearly the
           | demand is there, so why is there a "fiscal situation"?
           | 
           | They are projecting multiple years of declining federal
           | investment in education and research which made up an
           | important portion of their budgets.
           | 
           | They also would rather cut or shrink classes / labs, etc.
           | than loosen academic or admissions standards because their
           | institutional reputation is very important and decided by
           | such things.
           | 
           | > You don't need Waygu beef and massages in order to teach
           | students.
           | 
           | I went to one of the top (and most expensive) schools in the
           | US. I never once saw Wagyu beef or massages offered to
           | students.
           | 
           | The fiscal situation, again, is because of increasing
           | government clampdown on academia. The Trump admin just a few
           | days ago circulated a "compact" it wants universities to sign
           | which would mandate all science degrees be tuition free and
           | int'l student admissions be capped at 15% of the whole
           | student body. Such dramatic lurches and demands can be hurled
           | any time by this admin so schools cannot afford to be caught
           | off guard anymore
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | We've been producing far more PhD graduates than we need for
         | decades. Each year a relative few get jobs (e.g., university
         | professor) appropriate to the training, while the rest are
         | unceremoniously dumped by the railroad track to fend for
         | themselves. Same for MS, BS, BA et al. Overall we have far more
         | highly-trained people than we need for most all degree
         | programs.
         | 
         | It's not like the USA needs a butt-load of "math PhD's".
        
           | searine wrote:
           | Having an excess PhD level citizens is every free countries
           | wet dream. Its bonkers that people think it is somehow a
           | negative.
           | 
           | It is a recipe for innovation. Most of those people want to
           | do things with their knowledge, not teach classes. Most go to
           | business who use that knowledge to innovate and increase
           | profit.
           | 
           | Businesses literally get an excess of highly educated workers
           | for (almost) free, and for some reason the MBA/Tech-right
           | class thinks its a good thing to blow up that system.
           | Absolutely bonkers.
        
             | giardini wrote:
             | We've _always_ had an excess of PhD 's. They're made to
             | purpose for university instruction or research. But there
             | are far more PhDs than appropriate jobs:
             | 
             | https://philip.greenspun.com/careers/
             | 
             | Scroll down to the graph under "Not So Very Serious Stuff".
        
               | blackbear_ wrote:
               | The purpose of a PhD is not to train people for
               | "appropriate jobs". PhD students perform a large part of
               | academic research, and while most of it is grunt work and
               | produces incremental results, some brilliant people end
               | up discovering a gold nugget and carrying their field
               | forward many times over.
               | 
               | Innovation is hard, most ideas do not pan out, and most
               | people aren't made for it. It really is a number's game:
               | to stay competitive and innovative as a country you need
               | enough people pushing against the frontier, including
               | taking bets that are too risky for the private sector.
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | The situation certainly sucks for the actual PhD holders.
             | Go through 5-8 years of intense work and minimal pay, and
             | the outcome is maybe a 10% chance of getting the job you
             | want?
             | 
             | It's unsustainable. I got my PhD 20 years ago, but I would
             | certainly advise my children to avoid it.
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | This highlights an unspoken danger of AI. People are up in arms
       | about AI taking jobs in Human Resources, customer service, low
       | level coding, etc. But education will take a massive hit. PhD,
       | masters and even BS degrees will be devastated. Unless an
       | individual has documented real benefits to a bottom line of some
       | business, the CV will be window dressing. The only field that
       | will continue to offer steady employment will be crime.
        
         | higginsniggins wrote:
         | Dont forget the worlds oldest profession.
        
           | matthewfcarlson wrote:
           | AI girlfriends are coming for that too
        
           | whatever1 wrote:
           | Thank god TikTok and Insta are grooming us already. We will
           | be ready!
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | This does point to one of the problems the article highlights.
         | The US graduates 1385 PhDs in economics for 400 faculty
         | positions. Those faculty positions face global competition.
         | While it's a net benefit to US institutions to have the best
         | tenured professors in the world, the US must also deal with the
         | less than fully employed US PhD graduates.
        
           | SJC_Hacker wrote:
           | > The US graduates 1385 PhDs in economics for 400 faculty
           | positions. Those faculty positions face global competition.
           | 
           | If correct thats actually a pretty good ratio. In science you
           | basically don't get a faculty position after the PhD, which
           | lasts 5-7 years. You have to do a postdoc. Used to be 2-3
           | years, now its more like 5-6. To the extent its rare for any
           | new faculty to be under the age 35.
        
             | thfuran wrote:
             | How is the length of the postdoc a factor? Next year
             | there's going to be another graduating class and again the
             | year after.
        
         | schainks wrote:
         | What! Tradeskills are clearly in demand and pay great. A good
         | plumber where I live is over $800/hr.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | I watched a video by Gary Stevenson the other day and it sheds
       | light on our current issues.
       | 
       | He was a trader for Citibank and for awhile their highest paid
       | trader. He essentially made a fortune (mostly for the bank but
       | also for himself) by betting that after the 2008 GFC inequality
       | would only increase, that we wouldn't go back to "normal".
       | 
       | He says that the best economists in the world are traders. Why?
       | Because they have this big number over their head, their profit
       | and loss ("P&L") that everyone at the bank can see. It also
       | defines their bonus. All the finance and econ people in college
       | are trying to become traders.
       | 
       | Then you have journalists. Any of them with an econ background
       | have basically failed to become traders. Journalists self-select
       | to reflect the views of their organization, famously articulated
       | by Noam Chomsky in an interview [1].
       | 
       | And then you have Econ PhDs. Their only paths are to go work for
       | academia, to produce more Econ PhDs or to work for think tanks
       | and the like, essentially no different to the journalists. They
       | play the same role medical researchers working for the tobacco
       | did in the 20th century.
       | 
       | You see this with the dominance in Western economics academia of
       | the Austrian School [2], which isn't precisely the same as
       | neoliberalism but the differences are nuanced.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvGmBSHFuj0
       | 
       | [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics
        
         | jcbrand wrote:
         | The Austrian school does not dominate academia, not even close.
         | Even the Wikipedia article you linked to says it's a heterodox
         | school, meaning it's not mainstream.
         | 
         | Academia is dominated by Keynesianism.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > He says that the best economists in the world are traders.
         | Why? Because they have this big number over their head, their
         | profit and loss ("P&L") that everyone at the bank can see. It
         | also defines their bonus.
         | 
         | This is kinda like the difference between climate science vs.
         | weather forecasting. Being good at making short-term returns
         | without giving a shit about the long-term damage it does is not
         | the same as economic policy.
        
       | lvl155 wrote:
       | I know this is controversial but there are so many foreign
       | students in the PhD programs across the country. Some programs
       | actually favor non-US students. Some professors quite explicitly
       | pick their own race despite that being highly illegal. I think
       | higher ed in the US became a major scam.
        
         | jrajav wrote:
         | What does this have to do with anything here? The only common
         | thread is that it's related to PhDs. You just have a bone to
         | pick with our higher education being so desirable that people
         | upend their lives to come and participate in it at great
         | expense? This has been a significant source of soft power for
         | the US, as both a self-reinforcing function ensuring we attract
         | and retain top research talent, and by seeding American-
         | educated intellectuals back to their home countries to increase
         | our global influence. Nothing about this was bad for any party
         | involved.
         | 
         | Of course, with the rampant anti-intellectualism burning a path
         | through our institutions, we're currently doing our best to
         | kill that and make sure we fall behind in every respect.
        
           | lvl155 wrote:
           | It has everything to do with it considering where things are
           | with current admin. Also why do you think people are
           | sacrificing so much to study in the US? It's mostly funded.
           | They even get stipends. We are basically paying them to get
           | their degrees here. But you seem to think that they're doing
           | us a huge favor. What an odd way to think about it.
        
             | bdhe wrote:
             | > We are basically paying them to get their degrees here.
             | 
             | If they are the best and brightest of the world and
             | typically stay back and contribute significantly above the
             | median employee to US industry or even start their own
             | companies, why is it framed in such a negative way?
        
               | throw-the-towel wrote:
               | Citation needed on all claims.
               | 
               | What does it even mean to be "the best of the world"?
               | People are not numbers, you cannot just rank them by
               | score!
        
             | oscaracso wrote:
             | Do you think it is charity? The PI hires a student and the
             | student works for them, typically 3-5 years on a salary of
             | around $35,000, often very extensive hours. If the student
             | is talented and dedicated you can conduct more and better
             | research than if they are not. A large proportion of the
             | most talented and dedicated candidates will not be
             | American. It is not a 'huge favor' it is a mutually
             | beneficial arrangement.
        
           | 141205 wrote:
           | I'd like to know about your experience in modern academe.
           | I've gone to top-ranked schools in America (UT Austin,
           | Stanford). My experience with the average foreign graduate
           | student is not "top research talent." Most of the time you
           | have a mid-level grifter that wants a green card, a work
           | visa, or something else that simply lets them immigrate here.
           | The work that they produce in exchange for that is low
           | quality. The decline in the quality of graduate degrees may
           | in many ways mirror the issues that tech workers have had
           | with H-1Bs: they were intended to attract high quality
           | talent, but became a corrupt racket.
        
         | kyleee wrote:
         | Not to mention the sexual misconduct and coercion
        
         | sarchertech wrote:
         | The PhD student segregation was blatant even going back a few
         | decades, but it was based on country of origin not race.
         | 
         | You'd have a Chinese professor and all his students were
         | Chinese, an Indian professor and all hers were Indian etc...
         | The American born professors tended to have mostly American
         | born students, but it was a bit more mixed.
         | 
         | It's hard to know whether this was based on the professor's
         | preference or the students'.
        
           | monkeyelite wrote:
           | Of course the intent is not malicious. As a student you want
           | someone who speaks your language and someone who understands
           | you. And similarly for professors.
           | 
           | The absurdity is Americans assuming people won't express in-
           | group preference.
        
             | sarchertech wrote:
             | The intent doesn't have to be malicious for the outcome to
             | be harmful or outright illegal in this case.
        
               | monkeyelite wrote:
               | I agree, we should use policy to prevent bad outcomes.
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | This has probably been true forever. I considered applying for
         | an internship at a medical center back in the 80's. My adviser
         | laughed and told me it was a slot created by an Indian
         | professor and was intended to be filled by an Indian student.
        
           | verteu wrote:
           | "true forever" to what extent?
           | 
           | In 1979, 14% of PhDs went to non-citizens. In 2024, it's 38%.
           | 
           | (Table 1-6 in https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/earned-
           | doctorates/2024#data )
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | The "Dismal Science"?
       | 
       | It has never been a science. You can't run controlled experiments
       | outside of small microeconomic scenarios, so nothing is
       | falsifiable or repeatable. It's all just arguing about
       | correlation and causation.
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | This is like saying meteorology is not a science.
         | 
         | I'm sure you believe in climate change, and climatology is even
         | more removed than meteorology...
         | 
         | I've consistently found that people talking about the
         | unscientific nature of economics are actually just upset with
         | what it says, similar to people who are upset with what
         | climatology says.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Weather reports are really accurate. Economic forecasts less
           | so.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | Weather reports have the luxury of only needing to forecast
             | out a week, and only very accurate for coming 1-3 days.
        
           | monkeyelite wrote:
           | I agree with you that it means large amounts of agreed upon
           | science would not fit that definition of science. Don't you
           | agree that's an interesting and consistent observation
           | though?
        
       | ModernMech wrote:
       | US economy doesn't need economists to explain the mood of the
       | economy anymore -- since it's bent to the will of one man,
       | psychologist should instead be called in to evaluate the mood of
       | the President.
       | 
       | "WSJ headline: The Governor of California has called the
       | President a "baby" on social media, so psychologists are
       | predicting retaliatory sanctions and job losses by Q2"
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Knowledge is not a hot industry right now. Being a confident
       | moron is pretty hot, though. Best thing you can do for your
       | career is get fired for being a jerk, post a lot about that,
       | start a podcast, and maybe, as a stretch goal, choke a guy to
       | death.
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Excellent book review by Noah Smith that is relevant:
       | https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/book-review-doughnut-economics.
       | 
       | "Here's a very short, oversimplified history of modern economics.
       | In the 1960s and 1970s, a particular way of thinking about
       | economics crystallized in academic departments, and basically
       | took over the top journals. It was very math-heavy, and it
       | modeled the economy as the sum of a bunch of rational human
       | agents buying and selling things in a market.
       | 
       | The people who invented these methods (Paul Samuelson, Ken Arrow,
       | etc.) were not very libertarian at all. But in the 70s and 80s a
       | bunch of conservative-leaning economists used the models to claim
       | that free markets were great. The models turned out to be pretty
       | useful for saying "free markets are great", simply because math
       | is hard -- it's a lot easier to mathematically model a simple,
       | well-functioning market than it is to model a complex world where
       | markets are only part of the story, and where markets themselves
       | have lots of pieces that break down and don't work. So the
       | intellectual hegemony of this type of mathematical model sort of
       | dovetailed with the rise of libertarian ideology, neoliberal
       | policy, and so on."
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | >For decades, a doctorate in economics was a golden ticket. It
       | promised a path to tenure, or at worst, a lucrative role at a
       | central bank, think tank, or tech firm.
       | 
       | So, the field is being consumed by the ideology it espoused?
       | 
       | Automation and leaner government budgets were pushed hard by a
       | number of schools of economic thought.
       | 
       | Of particular note is this section:
       | 
       | > REASON 4: Lying About Inflation
       | 
       | If you were there during the pandemic money printing, you
       | remember the sequence all too well: first the confident
       | insistence that government spending wouldn't fuel inflation, then
       | the soothing claim that inflation was merely "transitory," and
       | finally the outright gaslighting that prices weren't rising at
       | all. Each step was wrong, and each was delivered with smug
       | certainty. Ordinary people--who watched their rent, groceries,
       | and gas bills skyrocket--saw a profession more invested in
       | protecting Democratic policy narratives than in telling the
       | truth. The result is a self-inflicted torching of trust.
       | 
       | This isn't about protecting Democratic policy narratives.
       | Arguably the single worst thing for inflation, the Paycheck
       | Protection Program, happened under Trump. You had business owners
       | taking out loans for pretty much anything and everything they
       | thought they could possibly justify as business-related, no
       | matter how tenuous that justification was, and then of course the
       | government forgave massive amounts of it. Since business owners
       | already tend to have more money and capital, this fueled their
       | consumption of then-scarce products and services even more. Laws
       | of supply-and-demand kicked in, which shouldn't be hard for the
       | author to understand.
       | 
       | Ultimately the inflation that happened during the pandemic was
       | due to the fact that for the last 45-ish years, the US has been
       | running deficits not just in the public sector, but the private
       | sector as well. Our economy is designed to run on debt that
       | suddenly, people couldn't pay on time. They then looked to the
       | government to offer a backstop, and since federal, state, and
       | local governments have no "rainy day" fund to speak of, the
       | federal government had to fire up the money printers.
        
       | nothrowaways wrote:
       | The scientific community needs a new safe haven. It would be
       | 
       | 1. A country specifically tailor made for scientists and
       | engineers.
       | 
       | 2. A country with no first class citizens
       | 
       | Something like Switzerland or Dubai for science and engineering,
       | but made from scratch.
        
         | glitchc wrote:
         | And who would do the remaining jobs? I assume scientists are
         | too busy and important to farm, build infrastructure (roads,
         | bridges) or provide healthcare.
        
           | nothrowaways wrote:
           | It did not say scientist-only. HN is deteriorating smh.
        
             | the_sleaze_ wrote:
             | It was greenspans favorite book after all
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | >2. A country with no first class citizens
         | 
         | Wait. A country that does _not_ favor its own citizens? At all?
         | Why even have  "citizenship" at all? Put another way, why would
         | _anyone_ want to move there to become a citizen of said
         | country?
         | 
         | Good grief. This reminds me of the heights (depths) of
         | /r/redditisland.
        
           | nothrowaways wrote:
           | Do you even understand what first class citizen means?
        
       | awesome_dude wrote:
       | The biggest problem research has is that its almost never clear
       | what the result will be to the bottom line.
       | 
       | People complain bitterly about two things with research
       | 
       | 1. That it's looking at obvious things and they could have told
       | the answer (What's really happened is some researcher has
       | actually looked into some common school of thought to check its
       | reliability)
       | 
       | 2. That there's no "use" for the thing be researched (it's
       | absurd). This type of research is really "document phenomena, try
       | to understand it" the use of that phenomena is often not clear
       | for decades, or centuries (our cryptographic systems currently
       | rely on research into math that was once considered absolutely
       | worthless)
        
       | declan_roberts wrote:
       | I'm struggling to understand why we have any current h-1b
       | economist position when that job market is in "free-fall"? The
       | FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF CHICAGO can't find an American economist?
       | 
       | https://h1bdata.info/index.php?em=&job=economist&city=&year=...
        
         | codyklimdev wrote:
         | Why hire an American who will ask for benefits, significant
         | time off, work/life balance, etc. when you can hire an H-1B
         | that you can treat like an indentured servant?
        
           | kypro wrote:
           | Plus most PhD have spent their whole life in education and
           | haven't got any real work experience.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | What intelligent economist would take work from _this_
         | administration? There aren't many unintelligent economists, and
         | it's not the sort of thing you can fake your way to a PhD in.
         | With the U.S. branch of the field run aground on its refusal to
         | identify the causal link from shareholder profits to inflation,
         | failure to deliver solutions that don't decrease profits is a
         | certainty. So it makes perfect sense that they'd seek competent
         | help offshore: any untried port in a storm of your own making.
        
           | giardini wrote:
           | altairprime says >"There aren't many unintelligent
           | economists..."<
           | 
           | How can you tell? Hell, with a few notable exceptions, maybe
           | the entire field is largely a waste of time and money.
           | 
           | "Show me a successful economist and I'll show you a man who
           | has not made an accurate forecast" - attributed to former
           | United States Treasury Secretary James A. Baker III.
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | Intelligence doesn't imply wisdom, nor correctness, nor
             | even common sense. You have to be able to do a certain
             | amount of mental gymnastics to certify as an economics PhD,
             | is all. That doesn't affect the odds of whether economics
             | is ultimately found to be a waste of time and money, though
             | it's useful enough at delaying a possible reckoning.
        
         | keeganpoppen wrote:
         | i don't expect the fed to fix everyone's problems... let them
         | hire the best of the best, and let us internalize the
         | benefits... i'm sure i don't fully understand the significance
         | of this, but from where i sit, in my fancy office chair in
         | front of a very fancy home office setup (not to brag ;P), i see
         | absolutely no compelling reason as to why hiring the best is a
         | bad thing. is the accusation that the FED is trying to lowball
         | american economists? somehow i am dubious, but am beyond open
         | to being wrong.
        
           | hluska wrote:
           | I could prove you wrong, but you don't seem very open to it
           | and I can't under why you had to brag about how fancy your
           | office is, so I'm not going to get started. But I don't think
           | you know what you're talking about.
        
           | jocaal wrote:
           | > let them hire the best of the best
           | 
           | The sooner people realize that there is no such thing, the
           | better. People are extremely incompetent in judging
           | competence. With that said, the solution isn't to then just
           | hire the person willing to do the work for the least amount
           | of money. You americans should realize you live in a society
           | together and have obligations to give each other chances.
           | Plenty of bright people around. This new top down command and
           | control culture that has taken root in the American corporate
           | world will be the downfall of the nation. Everyone is just
           | trying to screw over the next guy for a quick buck.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | If it's an entry level position, there shouldn't be a need for
         | H1B. But some of these positions (including at the federal
         | reserve) are probably experienced people with 10+ years of
         | experience just renewing their visa while they wait for the
         | green card backlog to clear for their country or an extremely
         | tenured person from places like the Oxford University (the
         | article mentions it). Pretending a fresh PhD with most likely
         | no job experience can immediately take over that H1B position
         | is intellectually dishonest.
         | 
         | This obviously doesn't mean I don't advocate for creating more
         | entry level positions which most of the economy these days
         | isn't interested in creating.
        
       | bArray wrote:
       | Can confirm that UK computer science PhD positions decrease too.
       | This is largely due to departments and grants tightening their
       | belts.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Well ya, when the richest and most powerful
       | people/corporations/nations in the world actively work against
       | established economic theory.
       | 
       | Trickle down economics, austerity, regressive tax policies,
       | tariffs, appeasement, lax antitrust enforcement, slashing capital
       | gains and inheritance tax, privatization of natural monopolies,
       | quantitative easing instead of holding investment firms
       | accountable, foreign aid for war instead of peace, defunding
       | public universities to manufacture a student loan crisis, public
       | sector layoffs, subsidizing extractive industries instead of
       | renewables, sub-minimum wage in restaurants/farms/prisons,
       | underpaying teachers and healthcare workers, rent seeking,
       | payola, collusion, duopoly, usury, unpaid domestic labor, wage
       | slavery..
       | 
       | And the inevitable aftermath of wishing the worst for others:
       | stagflation, underemployment, civil unrest, eventually recession,
       | depression and a raid on concentrated wealth if/when supply-side
       | economics collapses because nobody has any money to buy anything
       | anymore.
       | 
       | In spite of overwhelming evidence of public and private abuses,
       | nobody cares what the experts think anymore. Because it's obvious
       | to everyone that so much is wrong. People who try to help get
       | blamed, people who participate in the grift get rewarded as
       | things get worse.
       | 
       | Unfortunately as wealth inequality consumes us under self-
       | colonization, all liberal arts degrees trend towards worthless.
       | We're left with declining service work after passing peak wages
       | and peak employment due to the rise of AI. Spending the rest of
       | our lives fighting over scraps after the rug was already pulled
       | out from under us due to the Dot Bomb, Housing Bubble, pandemic,
       | private equity driving housing costs to the point of insanity and
       | a trade war of choice.
       | 
       | Or we could like, follow economic theory and stuff. Do the
       | opposite of everything I just mentioned. Can't have the Econ PhDs
       | telling us that!
        
       | AlexCornila wrote:
       | Well the economic framework they have been trained for is
       | collapsing so there's that
        
       | whycome wrote:
       | There's that one guy who used it to become prime Minister of
       | Canada. Not even a politician.
        
       | tomhowsalterego wrote:
       | Econ PhDs sound fucking useless. They would have served the
       | economy better being plumbers, welders and machinists.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | The need for think tanks is gone, there's no need to convince the
       | public of anything anymore, you can just do it. Trump is wildly
       | unpopular, and he's the most popular leader in the west. Still,
       | the most authoritarian and neoliberal trash can simply be rammed
       | through by these "centrist" melts with 15% approval ratings.
       | 
       | The way they used to keep them in power is by running a Nazi
       | against them and making you choose, now people (rightfully)
       | prefer the Nazis because at least they believe in something. So
       | now they lawfare the Nazis so they can run unopposed (or NPC-
       | opposed), or blackmail and bribe them into becoming centrists
       | themselves. If we can put Al Qaeda in a suit and lap at his feet,
       | we can certainly make Meloni into a Euro-warrior.
       | 
       | No need to convince anyone of anything, no need to have the
       | support of a majority of the public, no restraints on infinite
       | accumulation... what do you need some crypto-freshwater "why
       | homelessness is actually the most accurate sign of prosperity"
       | freak any more? Can't they just call Cass Sunstein? Did the
       | numbers ever really matter? These guys specialized in telling you
       | why the numbers were deceptive, and the real problem was any
       | restraint on predators.
       | 
       | Academic economics is newly-pointless marketing of ideas popular
       | (i.e. profitable) among elites (i.e. their bosses.) They are
       | entirely unconcerned about the wealth of nations (nationalism!)
       | or the wealth of citizens (communism!). When comfortable
       | monopolies dominate, and the process of democracy is devalued
       | ("dumb people shouldn't vote, we should follow the consensus!"),
       | the market for marketing goes down.
       | 
       | It's funny how he pretends he thinks lying about inflation was
       | decisive, as if the people affected by inflation get to hire
       | economists, or wouldn't be _more_ interested in becoming an
       | economist to prove a bunch of liars wrong. Lying about inflation,
       | or whatever else, _is_ the job. The real message:  "If you're a
       | Democrat considering your rebrand, hire me as an advisor. I'll be
       | your Ezra Klein, but with math!"
        
       | thatguymike wrote:
       | Not taking away at all from the message, but: there's something
       | funny about a freehand MSPaint extrapolation appearing in a post
       | about econ PHDs :)
        
       | chokominto wrote:
       | Did they do extrapolation using paint? Omg
        
         | estetlinus wrote:
         | Thank you for noticing. What on EARTH was that abomination?
        
       | lkrubner wrote:
       | "Ordinary people--who watched their rent, groceries, and gas
       | bills skyrocket--saw a profession more invested in protecting
       | Democratic policy narratives than in telling the truth. The
       | result is a self-inflicted torching of trust."
       | 
       | This post is ridiculously partisan. The head of the Fed was
       | Republican, the majority of the Fed has always been Republican,
       | the money-printing response to the Covid-19 pandemic began in
       | 2020 when the President was a Republican, the majority of all
       | economists are Republican, but somehow this writer blames this on
       | Democrats? The result is a self-inflicted torching of trust.
        
         | dsjoerg wrote:
         | > the majority of all economists are Republican
         | 
         | citation for that please? quick Gemini work gives me the
         | opposite so could you please back that up?
         | 
         | Federal Reserve Economists: A 2022 analysis of voter
         | registration data found the ratio of Democrat to Republican
         | economists at the Federal Reserve System to be 10.4 to 1.
         | 
         | American Economic Association (AEA) Members: Studies have found
         | the D:R ratio among AEA members to be around 4:1 or 3.8:1.
         | 
         | Economics Faculty: One study reported that Democrats outnumber
         | Republicans 4.5:1 among economics faculty at 40 leading
         | universities.
         | 
         | General Survey of Economists: A 2003 survey of American
         | Economic Association members found the voting ratio of Democrat
         | to Republican to be 2.5:1.
         | 
         | https://www.independent.org/tir/2022-fall/political-affiliat...
         | 
         | https://www.independent.org/tir/2022-fall/political-affiliat...
         | 
         | https://www.independent.org/tir/2022-fall/political-affiliat...
        
         | monkeyelite wrote:
         | > the majority of all economists are Republican
         | 
         | Of mainstream politicians they are most aligned with Obama or
         | Clinton.
         | 
         | The Trump movement since 2016 has taken republicans away from
         | mainstream Economics.
        
         | alephnerd wrote:
         | Chris Brunet is part of the Canadian turned American Alt-Right
         | movement having been a worked at the Daily Caller and "The
         | American Conservative" [0]. Sort of like a Canadian and less
         | sharp Oren Cass, and basically the same ideological pipeline
         | that created "Rebel News".
         | 
         | He attempted a pre-doc at UChicago but didn't stand out, and
         | had similar issues at his other conservative employers along
         | with his personality.
         | 
         | One of my buddies was his peer in the program at the time, and
         | from down the grapevine, he was dismissed for some, let's say
         | "academic issues". The reason he failed in his Econ career was
         | for similar reasons a large number of Econ majors can't hack it
         | - they lacked the mathematical and computational sophistication
         | needed in modern Econ.
         | 
         | He was right to call out Christine Gay for academic fraud, but
         | it's a bit of a "pot meet kettle" kind of situation given his
         | academic background.
         | 
         | The stereotype of what Econ is in common parlance is what has
         | become "Political Science" in 2025. To succeed in a modern top
         | tier Econ or PoliSci program, you will need data science and
         | mathematical chops comparable to a bachelors in Applied Math or
         | CS (excluding the systems programming portion). Heck,
         | Government students gunning for grad school back at Harvard
         | tend to take mathematical Game Theory classes with proofs
         | comparable to those taken by CS and Applied Math majors.
         | 
         | This wouldn't have been bad in the policy world (plenty of non-
         | technical "economists" on both sides) but his personality has
         | made the actual Alt-Right and the traditional conservative
         | right both detest him based on my friend and alumni group. One
         | of the other comments on this thread about applied versus think
         | tank and journalist background does resonate to my personal
         | experience to a certain extent.
         | 
         | > the majority of all economists are Republican
         | 
         | I'd disagree with that. The majority of economists ik who ended
         | up in academia or industry are largely split evenly
         | ideologically, but in action don't really care one way or the
         | other. They tend to have a "show me the data" mentality.
         | 
         | On top of that, while UChicago is nowhere near as conservative
         | as it was when Friedman roamed the earth, it's Econ and PoliSci
         | departments are very open to heterodox thought and various
         | conservative leaning Econ and PoliSci grads have come out of
         | the program.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-brunet-28074a288
        
         | erxam wrote:
         | Economists always do this shit. They talk about the unimpeded
         | free market being some sort of saintly state of being, convince
         | governments to implode themselves, everything goes to shit
         | and... guess what? Apparently the economists had nothing to do
         | with any of it?
         | 
         | Also, just calling the majority of economists 'Republican'
         | doesn't explain it completely. The truth is that the Austrian
         | School of Economics (Mises, Friedman, Hoppe) IS economics, and
         | every single successful economist believes 100% in their
         | gospel.
        
           | notmyjob wrote:
           | Friedman was not an Austrian. You are ignorant of basic
           | facts. Austrians are fringe and have almost no influence
           | within mainstream econ, and beyond that Austrians are closer
           | to Chomsky than Burke.
        
         | umutisik wrote:
         | He should add "Economists confidently making wishful-thinking
         | based proclamations without a shred of evidence or even a
         | plausible logical path." to the list!
        
         | filloooo wrote:
         | The problem is not with economists, running modern economy is
         | kind of like managing a state-owned corporation that can't just
         | drop the none-performative ones, there are going to be
         | unsolvable ills, cycling between imperfect plausible solutions,
         | and a necessary change of path or thinking is going to make a
         | lot of people uncomfortable, everytime.
        
         | notmyjob wrote:
         | Hilariously wrong to anyone who has spent any portion of their
         | career working with actual economists. Every working economist
         | is at the very least classic liberal/neo-liberal. It is the
         | basis of the profession. Political economists don't really
         | exist now, even if they did they'd be liberal or
         | anarcho/liberal. They worship in the church of free trade and
         | unrestrained immigration. The most famous and influential media
         | economists for those who are not familiar with economics or
         | haven't interacted with economists are people like Krugman and
         | Robert Reich, or Larry Summers for the better educated. All
         | deep blue democrats. Some economists may lean right and many
         | tend to side against democrats but that's because they all
         | rightly fear government debt and socialism. They fear it less
         | than tarrifs or tightened border security if you poll them. The
         | most famous economist of all time is Marx!
        
         | nxm wrote:
         | Stimulus was required at beginning to avoid a recession. Biden
         | came in when economy was well recovering and overheated the
         | economy, especially with his 2nd stimulus bill resulting in
         | very high inflation
        
           | ttonelli wrote:
           | Right, so much stimulus that it caused inflation all over the
           | world!
        
       | tmaly wrote:
       | Given all the revisions in the government numbers, people are
       | waking up to the reality that most of these numbers do not
       | reflect reality.
        
         | erxam wrote:
         | Economics has always been the art of finding new, nicer ways of
         | saying "fuck the poor".
         | 
         | I'm glad more and more people see that it's complete bunk.
        
       | fastaguy88 wrote:
       | When I think of things being in free-fall, I think of them going
       | down. Not going up more slowly.
        
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