[HN Gopher] Meta-analysis of 2.2M people: Loneliness increases m...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Meta-analysis of 2.2M people: Loneliness increases mortality risk
       by 32%
        
       Author : WASDAai
       Score  : 327 points
       Date   : 2025-09-29 13:25 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lightcapai.medium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lightcapai.medium.com)
        
       | softwaredoug wrote:
       | How much is related to people suffering a medical emergency and
       | nobody being around to help? vs. How much is the actual emotional
       | impact of loneliness?
        
         | lapcat wrote:
         | The article cites many measurable negative health effects aside
         | from death, so it seems that the emotional impact does matter a
         | lot.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | This is a very valid question. I have had a few close calls
         | where I afterwards wonder what would have happened if I had
         | hurt myself seriously. Chances are, no one would have paid
         | attention in days.
        
         | stared wrote:
         | Its anecdotical (though, I guess, there is plenty of data for
         | that), but often people (especially men) don't visit a doctor
         | early enough. It takes their partner (of friends, kids) to
         | prompt them to get checked.
         | 
         | Medical emergencies might be a cherry on the cake - but let's
         | not forget that most diseases are not instantaneous - and
         | sooner these are cached, less harm.
        
         | trentnix wrote:
         | It doesn't even have to be medical emergencies that go
         | unnoticed. There are other declining health metrics that an
         | independent observer might notice that a person is not aware of
         | or is unwilling to confront. If there's no one to say "you
         | might want to get that checked out", you probably won't get
         | _that_ checked out!
         | 
         | No mistake, almost all of us can refer to an anecdote of an
         | elderly relative dying soon after their spouse. It can be both
         | tragic and, in hindsight, romantic. But really, the
         | consequences of loneliness are often and unfortunately quite
         | practical.
        
           | AaronAPU wrote:
           | There's another side where the people you're around downplay
           | any sort of medical concern you have and actually discourage
           | getting help.
           | 
           | So I guess you have:
           | 
           | bad company < no company < good company
        
             | trentnix wrote:
             | That's only the case if you're unaware you're in bad
             | company! I've known a few people that were excellent
             | weathervanes as long as you were aware there were going to
             | always be wrong by 180 degrees.
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I saw an analysis that demonstrated this clearly by replacing
         | loneliness with population density. Effectively you could see
         | the same mortality effect for people who live out in the
         | sticks.
        
       | bckr wrote:
       | A lot of PubMed links. Awesome.
       | 
       | I'm curious what the research says about interacting online in
       | e.g. Discord servers and other forums for niche communities.
       | Also, is calling your childhood friend on the regular more or
       | less potent than meeting IRL but recently-made friends?
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | This is why doctors should recommend drinking and smoking. At a
       | certain point the risk of premature death is greater from being a
       | shut-in than it is from indulging in a pint and a ciggie with
       | some buddies every once in a while.
        
         | lapcat wrote:
         | People can and do drink and smoke alone. Indeed, lonely people
         | may turn to alcohol for self-medication. And of course those
         | addicted to nicotine _have_ to smoke regardless of whether
         | other people are around. That will just make the problem worse.
         | 
         | Besides, smoking has largely been banned from buildings, so
         | that habit doesn't make it convenient to gather with others,
         | except perhaps huddled outside the door.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | I know enough cases of heavy smokers and drinkers who are also
         | asocial (if not shut-in) to be wary of this kind of
         | assertions...
        
         | mrbluecoat wrote:
         | I'd opt for an AI friend first
        
         | joules77 wrote:
         | But I don't think it makes a diff. My friend circle has had a
         | few guys drop into hermit mode. We have tried all kinds of
         | things to pull them out, but it's like they have decided
         | monastic life or whatever is their thing.
        
           | balamatom wrote:
           | Do tell more.
        
           | bookofjoe wrote:
           | >We have tried all kinds of things to pull them out
           | 
           | Why?
        
       | TriangleEdge wrote:
       | Any Meta or X employees want to comment on loneliness? I always
       | felt like social media platforms made people lonelier overall.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | It's the social equivalent of ultra-processed food. Hyper-
         | palatable and habit-forming, you always crave more. You end up
         | (socially) both overfed and malnourished.
        
       | Herring wrote:
       | A lot of the causes are deeply structural, so it's likely to keep
       | getting worse for the foreseeable future.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loneliness_epidemic#Causes_of_...
        
       | jjice wrote:
       | Aside from a formal study, _feels_ right (for what that's worth).
       | The healthiest people I know are generally happy and have people
       | around who care of them and they care for. I swear the social
       | parts of life are what keep the elderly going, in my experience.
        
         | bilbo0s wrote:
         | _I swear the social parts of life are what keep the elderly
         | going, in my experience._
         | 
         | I could've sworn there was a paper, (or maybe just an article?
         | can't remember), a long time ago about the community on a
         | Mediterranean island somewhere? The thesis was that people
         | there were living abnormally long lives because of the
         | Mediterranean style food they ate, and how socially active and
         | interconnected they were in old age.
        
           | bookofjoe wrote:
           | https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240322-eat-beans-and-
           | li...
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | That's it!
             | 
             | Thanks!
        
       | paraknight wrote:
       | I haven't dug into all the sources, but I think there's a
       | potential confounder here, or maybe even reverse causality. The
       | author seems to assume causation when the studies only indicate
       | correlation. E.g. the first link says "chronic loneliness
       | increases mortality risk" but the actual source says "actual and
       | perceived social isolation are both associated with increased
       | risk for early mortality".
       | 
       | So for example, it's possible that if you already have chronic
       | illness, a disability, or any other kind of health issues, you're
       | more likely to have higher social isolation and therefore be more
       | lonely, in addition to having a higher mortality risk. There's an
       | outside variable (your health) that is correlated with both
       | (loneliness and mortality), but that doesn't necessarily mean
       | that loneliness causes mortality. If this were the case, we could
       | defend claims like "autism increases mortality", because we
       | already know that autism increases social isolation.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | My dismissive but practical take is "well yeah there's nobody
         | in the room to call an ambulance when you have the heart attack
         | you'll most likely have", which mindfulness classes and support
         | groups don't help with. There's practical benefits to having
         | people around.
        
           | AndrewKemendo wrote:
           | By these statistics there aren't enough healthy people to
           | provide care for those that are less healthy
           | 
           | The challenge here is that healthy people don't desire to be
           | around unhealthy people.
           | 
           | Society provides no incentive or social benefit for otherwise
           | healthy people to be around the unwell to call the
           | ambulances. Even as a nurse, hospice worker or caregiver, the
           | pay/benefits are non existent for the amount of emotional and
           | physical labor needed for care.
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | You don't have to be that healthy to call an ambulance! As
             | long as not everyone in the sick-and-poor commune has a
             | heart attack at the same time this should be a safe enough
             | system.
        
               | e_y_ wrote:
               | Ambulances are expensive enough that people are hesitant
               | to call them, sometimes even in life threatening
               | situations.
               | 
               | And if the person is unsure whether the situation is
               | critical, they might try to "sleep it off" rather than
               | driving or getting a ride, because ER is also kind of
               | expensive and you could be stuck there all day.
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | In US. But there are places with proper socialized health
               | systems, where one must not be afraid of bankruptcy by
               | calling an ambulance.
        
           | nh23423fefe wrote:
           | Dying of natural causes is ok though.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | _Preventably_ dying of natural causes is kind of a waste,
             | though.
        
           | JackFr wrote:
           | There was a funny statistical artifact I read once (well, for
           | some value of 'funny') that home was a terrible place to have
           | a heart attack, because people are willing to 'just lie down
           | and see how I feel' rather than in a restaurant or movie
           | theater where an ambulance will be called.
        
             | arandr0x wrote:
             | It would be interesting then for similar studies to add a
             | dimension in addition to self-reported loneliness on self-
             | reported time spent outside the home. While it's likely
             | that sedentary elders are lonelier, it's not a 100% overlap
             | (some elders live with close family and some lonely people
             | are still very physically active/outside). You would expect
             | lonely, active people to have lower death rates than
             | lonely, sedentary people with similar pre-existing
             | conditions under your hypothesis, and it would be a
             | powerful thing to prove because it's a lot easier to make
             | people go out than to make them make friends.
        
             | stackbutterflow wrote:
             | Then what about work from home? Does it increase mortality?
        
               | Qem wrote:
               | I bet any change in mortality due to increased isolation
               | is offset by decreased deaths due to traffic acidents.
        
           | hhmc wrote:
           | I once did a course with a paramedic on basic aid. We were
           | discussing choking, which is a condition that really needs a
           | 2nd party to intervene. Someone asked what to do if you live
           | alone (with no close neighbours) - the answer was essentially
           | 'good luck'
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Most people don't know how to do a self-heimlich.
        
               | mh- wrote:
               | I know how to _in theory_ , and I think I'm probably
               | "above average" at calm-in-crisis, but my confidence that
               | I'd calmly rescue myself via self-heimlich while unable
               | to breathe is not high.
        
             | magneticnorth wrote:
             | The idea of the heimlich is to put sudden force on the
             | diaphragm and force air upward. You can do that alone by
             | pushing your upper abdomen against a chair back, counter,
             | railing, whatever. Not something I've ever tried, but good
             | to know about in case.
        
               | inciampati wrote:
               | And if you're alone it's worth running with a chair into
               | the street to do it as visibly as possible.
        
               | hhmc wrote:
               | Sure theoretically. Outcomes are dramatically better if
               | someone else is around
        
           | IMSAI8080 wrote:
           | Or related: there's no one to nag you about going to get that
           | funny ache checked out. Men particularly are notoriously
           | reluctant to go to a doctor for various reasons but a worried
           | partner might persuade them.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | When this happens to us, my wife says, "This is another
             | reason why married men live longer."
             | 
             | She's not wrong...
        
         | bjourne wrote:
         | Of course there is no direct causation between loneliness and
         | death. You don't directly die from lack of social interaction,
         | but you do directly die from lack of food. However, there is a
         | clear causal link between loneliness and habits that increase
         | mortality.
        
           | Taek wrote:
           | No I believe its reasonably well established that being
           | lonely itself takes a toll on your health. Stress goes up
           | etc.
           | 
           | The problem is that this article is overstating the effect on
           | mortality because its not controlling for confounding factors
           | very well.
        
           | mrkickling wrote:
           | Do you not believe that mental well being is affected by
           | loneliness? And that mental well being could affect
           | mortality?
        
           | lynx97 wrote:
           | > Of course there is no direct causation between loneliness
           | and death.
           | 
           | Of course there is. If you are alone at home, who calls an
           | ambulance if you have a heart attack or similar condition? If
           | you are living together with someone, the chance they are
           | arund while it happens is all thats needed to skew the
           | statistics.
        
         | vharuck wrote:
         | Poor health increasing social isolation isn't even a hard
         | casual path to argue. Common health problems can physically
         | restrict how often and how long one leaves the house: people on
         | oxygen can only travel as far as their supply and weakened
         | lungs can take them, or people with bowel disorders might be
         | reluctant to be do anything without easy and discrete bathroom
         | use, people with visible symptoms might be embarrassed and
         | avoid socializing.
         | 
         | The loneliness-associated protein study linked in TFA doesn't
         | seem to control for health status. So preexisting conditions
         | may have affected the correlations.
        
           | oncallthrow wrote:
           | Yes, this seems blindingly obvious to me. Maybe because I
           | have chronic health problems myself. Perhaps those blessed
           | with good health are blissfully ignorant.
           | 
           | When you are chronically ill, socializing falls pretty
           | rapidly down your list of priorities.
        
             | observationist wrote:
             | That said, it seems pretty clear that incentivizing healthy
             | socialization can significantly improve quality of life,
             | reducing perceived suffering and quite possibly improving
             | outcomes through reinforcement of the various social needs
             | we have.
             | 
             | We are fundamentally social primates; there are prior
             | studies demonstrating the overt harms of isolation and
             | ostracization in humans, primates, and other mammals. Our
             | immune systems, metabolism, and cardiovascular health are
             | all tied intimately to things like stress and hormones,
             | with feedback effects that can amplify disorder, or
             | suppress it, depending on the directionality of the inputs.
             | 
             | I see the "just so" element of explanation to this study,
             | but I think that even if the underlying causal factors are
             | more complex, it is so directionally correct that I have no
             | problem with the conclusion of the study, even if it's not
             | correctly justified scientifically.
        
         | biophysboy wrote:
         | >Recent meta-analyses examining 2.2 million individuals across
         | 90 cohort studies reveal that social isolation and loneliness
         | trigger measurable biological cascades comparable to
         | traditional disease risk factors.
         | 
         | Its frustrating, because cohort study experimental designs like
         | these can in principle chip away at reverse causality (i.e.
         | observe loneliness exposure before a cardiovascular disease
         | prognosis, compare difference-in-difference between
         | treatment/control), but the meta-analysis doesnt clearly state
         | whether this constraint was applied. But even a study like this
         | would have issues with medical participation, so that would
         | need to be controlled, preferably with a prospective design.
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | As an anecdote, I have a couple of elderly family members who
         | did not mellow with age. Instead they became even more toxic
         | and abusive as they approached their 80s. (I have another who
         | was the complete opposite.). The abusive ones hurled curse
         | words as soon as you entered the door; then they "switched"
         | personalities and acted as if nothing happened. I also know of
         | an acquaintance whose son had the similar personality traits
         | even though he's only in his 40s. The son needed a 24 hour a
         | day caregiver because he's mentally challenged. In short there
         | are a whole host of physical and/or mental problems that
         | confound the situation.
        
         | ken47 wrote:
         | And don't forget that physical loneliness, that is, actually
         | being alone, eliminates one major feedback source that
         | something could be wrong with your health, or a source of
         | immediate aid if e.g. you go into cardiac arrest.
         | 
         | Maybe the researcher above touches on these things, but more
         | generally, there should be a standardized probability and
         | statistics exam for ALL aspiring scientific researchers, and a
         | high score should be the minimum cutoff. The influence that a
         | statistically flawed study can have over our collective futures
         | is too dangerous.
        
           | fn-mote wrote:
           | > The influence that a statistically flawed study can have
           | over our collective futures is too dangerous.
           | 
           | An even bigger danger: with all of the flawed / p-hacked /
           | over-hyped studies, the public (and the legislature) will
           | start to believe that NO science is real.
           | 
           | It worries me how much argument there is over things I
           | consider to be facts. And how much effort goes into
           | undermining science when it is not in the corporate interest
           | (eg cigarette manufacturers funding "inconclusive" studies).
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _The author seems to assume causation when the studies only
         | indicate correlation._
         | 
         | once I heard Feynmann say in a youtube video that (paraphrasal)
         | "we don't know what causes gravity, we just know that it
         | exists, it's a property of matter"
         | 
         | then I realized, our experiments _never_ show causation, they
         | only show correlation. gravity has 100% (in our experience)
         | correlation to matter. admittedly, that 's a pretty good
         | correlation, but for all we know, gravity causes matter. energy
         | too, apparently.
        
           | schoen wrote:
           | Philosophers have worried for a long time about whether we
           | can actually observe causation.
           | 
           | David Hume was famous for arguing in _An Enquiry Concerning
           | Human Understanding_ that we can 't observe it and we instead
           | have a "custom" or habit of expecting effects to follow
           | causes.
           | 
           | > After the constant conjunction of two objects--heat and
           | flame, for instance, weight and solidity--we are determined
           | by custom to expect the one from the appearance of the other.
           | 
           | Religious philosophers have sometimes gone to the extreme of
           | occasionalism, where they've maintained that patterns and
           | regularities in nature were just habits or customs that God
           | chooses to follow:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occasionalism
        
           | bluebarbet wrote:
           | Skipping punctuation makes your writing harder to parse. It's
           | a false economy.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | i didn't skip any punctuation
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | The myth of the lonely hero (and probably risk taker) has been
         | mentioned as a problematic factor before
        
         | ramblingrain wrote:
         | The first source I clicked into was a meta-analysis of
         | randomized clinical trials.
         | 
         | What you say sounds true about chronic illness and isolation.
         | These researchers are looking at research done using actual
         | interventions and real results.
         | 
         | What should they do to analyze this more than RCTs and then
         | meta-analysis of RCTs?
         | 
         | https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s...
         | Tackling social disconnection: an umbrella review of RCT-based
         | interventions targeting social isolation and loneliness
        
         | ivape wrote:
         | If you think things through like that then you can only ever
         | attribute physical, material, biological factors as the only
         | things involved in mapping the causation. In other words, every
         | time we attempt to draw the line to mortality, it gets hacked
         | down as we keep reducing the argument.
         | 
         | We cannot explore the possibilities of truth if we do that, but
         | I can appreciate the due diligence. It's a tricky subject, but
         | life experience informs many of us that there is something more
         | going on than "I materially feel like shit".
         | 
         | There is a taboo element to loneliness that isn't often
         | discussed, and that is "I feel hurt that I can be left alone,
         | or that anyone can be left alone or isolated". So, while the
         | source of the isolation could be material, the feeling that
         | manifests from it is an actual _hurt_ that one feels from the
         | actual thing (isolation). For example, we may be _killing_ our
         | elders when we isolate them in care facilities.
         | 
         | I can't say if we have the sense as a society to accept data
         | that suggests this pain can be linked to mortality. Isolation
         | in itself isn't the killer, it's the pain of "well how could
         | any society leave anyone alone", and such a phenomenon can be
         | witnessed in the macro outside of yourself ( _how can we leave
         | people on the street? Etc_ ).
         | 
         | Loneliness and isolation is often in sequence, after
         | abandonment, or negligence, or unforgivingness (if the person
         | "deserved" the isolating). A phantom, immeasurable pain. And
         | even more painful, to deny it afterwards.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | Social isolation is also not the same thing as loneliness. The
         | paper recognizes this and gives different outcomes for three
         | distinct categories (social isolation, loneliness and living
         | alone). The blog post mistakenly cites the outcome for living
         | alone as the outcome for loneliness.
        
         | citizenpaul wrote:
         | Another huge factor is probably lack of feedback loop. Its
         | surprisingly easy to press on by yourself through various
         | health issues until its too late. However someone around you
         | might say you look pale recently you should see doctor as an
         | obviously contrived example.
        
         | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbidity
        
       | fullstop wrote:
       | Before getting tied up with bureaucratic nonsense my daughter was
       | looking at starting a "borrow a grandma / grandpa" club at her
       | university. The idea was to connect students with elderly people
       | who are lonely, and they could have tea / coffee together. The
       | elderly get to be social with a younger generation, and the
       | younger generation gets to understand the struggles that a lot of
       | elderly people face.
       | 
       | I think that the university was concerned with liability. I still
       | think that it's a good idea.
        
         | raffael_de wrote:
         | A liability for having tea with elderly citizens?
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | There's a lot of aspects here, such as where they would meet
           | up, etc. If it's on school property and something happens,
           | for example. Additionally there are restrictions for clubs
           | operating off-campus. I don't know, it was seemingly more
           | complicated than any of us had anticipated.
        
             | raffael_de wrote:
             | If you ask, the answer will always be No.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | If you have sufficient money such that litigating against
               | you is worth it, then playing defense is worth it.
               | Universities surely qualify.
        
           | russfink wrote:
           | Liability that one of them will don a Robert De Niro grin and
           | say, "hey kid, wanna get out of here?" and the youth will
           | oblige by lowering the roof on the GT and cranking up Deep
           | Purple's Highway Star as they peel rubber from beneath the
           | pastel peach awning, thousands of foot pounds of torque
           | expressing a shared joy in a cloud of smoke and a squeal of
           | delight.
        
           | pengaru wrote:
           | > A liability for having tea with elderly citizens?
           | 
           | In their homes? It's a mountain of liability. The elderly
           | tend to be a combination of paranoid and senile.
           | 
           | The first time they misplace a checkbook or forget some
           | valuable was already given to some grandchild they'll accuse
           | the most recent new guest in memory of stealing.
           | 
           | And that's just one of an infinite number of possibilities
           | having spent zero time dwelling on it.
        
             | raffael_de wrote:
             | no wonder they are all lonely those pesky old folks!
        
           | anavat wrote:
           | Holy... That just unlocked a memory. When I was a 10 y.o. kid
           | and a member of Young Pioneers organization in the late
           | Soviet Union, we had a routine elderly care assignment. There
           | was literally a task "to help N lonely elderly people next
           | week"! We were split in pairs and provided with a list of
           | addresses of nearby "targets" and a general guidance on what
           | this help may constitute, like helping them with groceries,
           | walking a dog, house cleaning, etc. And I remember there was
           | a nice old lady who were treating us with tea and pies, and
           | showing us some old photos, and who we then visited few times
           | outside of the assignment just because she welcomed us and we
           | liked it there. For me it was just some secondary quest that
           | I barely registered and completely forgot about until now,
           | but now I wonder if it was a big deal for her
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | Did your daughter talk to a few local senior citizen agencies
         | or nursing homes? Last I knew, quite a few of those are
         | interested in "just visit occasionally" volunteers. And if
         | another org (which specialized in seniors) was handling that
         | end of things, the U might not be so hung up on allowing the
         | club.
         | 
         | Or, "we're adults, just do it". The U can't actually stop of-
         | age students from volunteering for local organizations, or
         | joining churches, or playing soccer in a city park.
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | Right, she has done that in the past. Her goal was to start a
           | club so that it would persist long after she graduated.
        
         | bookofjoe wrote:
         | Old people's homes are very welcoming to ANYONE willing to
         | spend time with the residents. No need to join a club: pick up
         | the phone or stop by and ask if they would like your time. I
         | guarantee the answer will be, "When can you start?"
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | Right, she has done that, but she wanted to start a club so
           | that it could continue after she's graduated.
        
             | bookofjoe wrote:
             | Make the club HQ the old people's home.
        
         | fauria wrote:
         | There is an organization doing this in Spain, Adopta un Abuelo:
         | https://www.eib.org/en/stories/isolation-elderly
         | 
         | https://adoptaunabuelo.org
        
           | fullstop wrote:
           | That's awesome, and fitting, since my daughter has an Abuela.
           | :-)
        
         | Jimpulse wrote:
         | Maybe a scheduled get togethers of a retirement home group with
         | a that student org either at the home or the university could
         | work. That way it's easier to have a person trained to
         | chaperone, a more controlled environment, and reduced general
         | overhead for planning.
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | There's plenty of programs that do just that in the US, so
         | maybe the university just didn't want to deal with the
         | liability if someone else already is (if it was a US
         | university, of course).
        
       | smithkl42 wrote:
       | Another way to put it: Start dragging your sorry ass to church.
       | 
       | I'm quite serious about this, by the way. To attend a church
       | (other religious traditions will do, but I'm partial) means not
       | only to involve yourself in a community, but to situate yourself
       | in a story which provides meaning and makes sense of the world.
       | 
       | All the government programs he advocates for are just pale
       | imitations of the vibrant communities that humans were made for
       | and which modern society has done its best to destroy.
        
         | whatevaa wrote:
         | It's the church which destroyed itself. Using its influence for
         | political power, that gave it short term power but destroyed it
         | long term.
         | 
         | And I would not agree with religion providing sense of the
         | world. It's another coping mechanism to deal with absurdity in
         | the world. There is a reason people fallback to religion when
         | times get tough.
        
           | dcminter wrote:
           | > Using its influence for political power, that gave it short
           | term power but destroyed it long term.
           | 
           | I'm no fan of organised religion, but this is a pretty wild
           | take to me. "The church" has been around for the best part of
           | 2000 years. It's been wildly political for most if not all of
           | that. It doesn't show much sign of disappearing any time
           | soon.
        
         | gjm11 wrote:
         | To some of us weirdos, it actually matters whether things we
         | repeatedly stand up and declare or sing about are true, and
         | whether the stories we draw meaning from are factually correct,
         | and whether values we repeatedly and publicly affiliate
         | ourselves with are good.
         | 
         | And, among this admittedly weird fragment of the population,
         | those of us who think the things churchgoers affirm and derive
         | meaning from and value are true and good are mostly already
         | going to church, and those of us who think they're not so true
         | and mostly not so good _shouldn 't_ be going to church, no
         | matter how sorry our asses.
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | Have you ever given a Christmas gift to someone? Or do you
           | abstain because it requires a belief in flying reindeer?
        
             | lurking_swe wrote:
             | I'm not the person you replied to. I was raised catholic,
             | but these days I don't believe in god and think the church
             | is a waste of time.
             | 
             | But i DO still celebrate christmas. Not for ME, but as an
             | excuse to connect with family and friends. In other words,
             | i don't go to church and subject myself to nodding to 60
             | minutes of nonsense (to me). Instead I join for christmas
             | lunch / dinner. The socializing part. The good part. If my
             | family was not catholic then i'd just throw a nice new
             | year's party instead. Again - just to get everyone
             | together.
             | 
             | I have a friend that celebrates Hanukkah and i've
             | occasionally joined their family to celebrate as well.
             | 
             | What does belief in a religion have to do with
             | participating in social events that happen to be rooted in
             | religion?
             | 
             | Maybe i don't "get it"?
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | > What does belief in a religion have to do with
               | participating in social events that happen to be rooted
               | in religion?
               | 
               | I'm not making that claim. I'm addressing the reverse:
               | someone who refuses to go to church ("participating in
               | social events ") because he doesn't believe the dogma.
               | And so I brought up that many people have no such
               | reservations about participating in Christmas traditions
               | and activities.
        
             | gjm11 wrote:
             | I've given many Christmas gifts. None of them required
             | anyone to believe in flying reindeer, Turkish bishops
             | living at the north pole, frosty winds and frozen water in
             | a place that never gets below 10degC or so, etc. All it
             | requires is a tradition of exchanging gifts at that time of
             | the year.
             | 
             | If giving gifts at Christmas required me to declare
             | solemnly that I was doing it in the name of the incarnate
             | Son of God and that the presents under the tree had
             | actually been delivered by flying reindeer, then I wouldn't
             | do it; I'd find some other way of being nice to the people
             | I love that didn't require me to lie.
             | 
             | So, anyway, perhaps your point is that I could find a
             | church that doesn't expect me to actually believe, or say,
             | or sing, any of the usual churchy things, and then I could
             | go there every week. I suppose I could. But I think all
             | those things Christians believe are somewhat load-bearing
             | for Christianity and suspect that going to church every
             | week while remaining an atheist wouldn't actually get me
             | most of the benefits that regular churchgoing is alleged to
             | give the people who do it.
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | It's hard. I belong to an atheist-inclusive church, but I've
         | been skipping for about a month and I'm reluctant to show up
         | again.
         | 
         | Words like "community", "fellowship", "connection" are used a
         | lot, but there's no obvious checklist for me to follow when I
         | wake up Sunday morning feeling like a piece of shit and having
         | no desire to inflict myself on others.
        
           | Herring wrote:
           | Actual pieces of shit don't care. It's very likely more
           | mental than you think. Delete facebook, join the gym,
           | meditate, etc.
        
           | mikemarsh wrote:
           | As a "believer" myself (we don't typically use that
           | evangelical terminology but it's close enough) I can
           | completely understand that. People should go to Church for
           | Christ, and anything else, even "community" is a nice bonus
           | but is not going to sustain people when pursued for its own
           | sake, as you're experiencing.
           | 
           | Maybe a sport or hobby club or some other thing you're
           | interested in where people have a specific motivation to get
           | together, bonding and forming "community" more naturally?
        
         | ambicapter wrote:
         | It is perfectly possible to go to church regularly and talk to
         | no one there.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | Conversely, it's perfectly impossible no never go anywhere
           | and have meaningful relationships with your neighbors.
        
         | GratiaTerra wrote:
         | Attending church can have negative consequences because
         | religion promotes belief in unprovable claims, building life on
         | a false premise: since the central claim isn't true, the
         | practices and rules around it may seem hollow or misleading.
         | 
         | Religion discourages critical thinking, consumes time and
         | money, enforces conformity through social pressure, and expose
         | individuals to guilt, shame, or manipulation by institutions
         | with histories of abuse or corruption.
        
           | flipnotyk wrote:
           | Not every church is associated with a large international
           | community. My girlfriend is an avid churchgoer and her church
           | has 46 members I believe. They aren't Catholic and not
           | associated with a broader group. They're called "Primitive
           | Methodist" so I guess there's a broader denominational link
           | to other churches, but they don't get orders from anyplace
           | above them or anything.
           | 
           | It sounds nice to someone like me who doesn't do any
           | organized religious stuff, because the money and things
           | donated there go back to their little community or for
           | maintaining the building and things like that. I see
           | firsthand how that kind of church drastically helps her have
           | a sense of community in an increasingly digital-first world.
        
         | balamatom wrote:
         | I'll do you one better: start your own cult!
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | > All the government programs he advocates for are just pale
         | imitations of the vibrant communities that human were made for
         | and which modern society has done its best to destroy.
         | 
         | Modern leftism is essentially a reincarnated Christianity:
         | 
         | - "the government" is their Trinity. Just "believe" and
         | eventually the right one will get elected and fix everything.
         | 
         | - legislation and regulations are their Bible.
         | 
         | - police (an arm of the government) are the
         | scapegoat/substitute for our sins.
         | 
         | - tithing through higher taxes
         | 
         | - feel bad about yourself (historical racism / sexism that they
         | keep bringing up) but turn to the light (leftist progress,
         | signalling) and ye shall be saved
         | 
         | - forces of evil: those who want smaller government and
         | personal freedom.
         | 
         | - prosperity gospel: welfare and fiscal recklessness because we
         | can just turn on the money printer
         | 
         | - signalling: businesses are pressured to display leftist icons
         | or slogans to signal their inclusion in the faith.
        
           | balamatom wrote:
           | Correct, if only because, unlike actual left-wing political
           | movements, such as anarchism, communism, or socialism,
           | "leftism" is right of center.
        
         | Zambyte wrote:
         | The important part of the "church" in this context is finding a
         | third space[0]. A church can be a reasonable third space, even
         | for atheists. Particularly in smaller communities with limited
         | resources. Other healthy options include hackerspaces /
         | makerspackes (that is my third space of choice), libraries,
         | parks, sporting events, etc.
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_place
        
         | jasonlotito wrote:
         | Is this true? I see a lot of people on the right complaining
         | about loneliness epidemic, so it would seem odd that people who
         | are attending church would have this issue and it still being a
         | problem. You hear about lots of young, right-wing men talking
         | about this as an issue, so church is clearly not solving it for
         | them.
         | 
         | This is all hearsay and anecdotal, mind you, and I admit I have
         | _not_ done the research here. It 's not a condition I have, nor
         | do any of my friends. I believe it's happening, but the claim
         | of "just attend church" doesn't seem to being paying off to me.
        
           | mikemarsh wrote:
           | Talk to any right-leaning young man who's actively engaged in
           | a church community (even better if they're actually pursuing
           | Christ, and not just chasing an abstract ideal of
           | "community") and you won't hear very much about the
           | "loneliness epidemic", except maybe in reference to their
           | peers.
           | 
           | It may be hard to find them online in order to "talk" to them
           | though, and of course that's the whole point :-) Selection
           | bias at work.
        
         | lapcat wrote:
         | > All the government programs he advocates for are just pale
         | imitations of the vibrant communities that humans were made for
         | and which modern society has done its best to destroy.
         | 
         | Humans were not made for anything, and for most of the
         | existence of our species, there were no churches, indeed no
         | buildings of any kind. Until ~10k years ago, with the
         | development of agriculture and permanent settlements, humans
         | lived in relatively small hunter-gatherer groups. These
         | communities may indeed have been "vibrant", but they were
         | organized around family and survival, not religion.
         | 
         | Contrary to your claim, churches and organized religion have
         | been made possible by modern society, not destroyed by it. It's
         | unclear where exactly you see the destructive causes, apart
         | from the progress of science that has tended to undermine
         | religious belief?
         | 
         | In the United States, churches are tax-exempt. In that sense,
         | they are _promoted_ by the government in a crucial way.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | I'm an atheist, but I do wish I could go to church, or at least
         | something like that. I've tried going to other non-religious
         | clubs but it's not really the same. A pottery class just
         | doesn't give that same feeling of "belonging".
         | 
         | The trouble is it just seems a bit too serious every time I've
         | been. I don't believe any of it, and I can't believe anyone
         | with intelligence could believe it either. But unlike, say,
         | WWE-style wrestling, there are way too many people taking it
         | far too seriously. You never hear of atrocities or stupidity
         | happening because someone took wrestling too seriously. Are
         | there churches that are more like wrestling?
        
           | arandr0x wrote:
           | I think the issue you're having is that taking it way too
           | seriously is exactly what creates the feeling of belonging.
           | There's a number of forums or clubs where one might discuss
           | morality, myth, creation stories etc more like wrestling -
           | fantasy roleplaying groups and fantasy writing circles often
           | do include those themes for instance. But it's harder to feel
           | true belonging through discussing whether your bard is an
           | asshole for sleeping with a gold-hoarding dragon if you're
           | 100% aware that neither bards or dragons exist.
           | 
           | Is there anything you do take super seriously? The
           | environment, your job, parenting, a specific hobby or
           | something? Something you think other people are missing out
           | on by not experiencing? Looks like a club based on that would
           | work better for you.
        
         | arandr0x wrote:
         | Honest question: for women, are there any churches or other
         | religious or spiritual traditions that do not limit them or
         | afford them a second-class status relative to other members?
         | (This can be in terms of church elders/leadership positions or
         | just importance in activities, speeches giving women good role
         | models, etc). For instance Catholic traditions usually provide
         | quite a few female role models (not least Mary) but heavily
         | sideline women in actual church operations, whereas Protestant
         | traditions have more equitable leadership ranks, but don't give
         | as much space to women who are not in leadership. I am not
         | clueful enough to discuss other traditions sadly.
        
         | lurking_swe wrote:
         | church only provides meaning if you actually _believe_ the
         | stuff the priest lectures about for 30 minutes at mass.
         | Otherwise you get to play make-believe for 1 hour each week.
         | 
         | For me, church increases my blood pressure. I was forced to
         | attend church as a child and didn't believe any of the stuff by
         | the time i was an older teen. Going to church feels patronizing
         | to me, since i don't believe any of it. And i'm bitter that i
         | was "forced" into it by my parents. They never at ANY point
         | asked me if I want to continue going, and I know for certain
         | that even if i spoke up they would have ignored me. Ugh.
         | 
         | Anyway i've had good luck making friends at my local Y, through
         | friends of friends, and occasionally work.
        
         | aethrum wrote:
         | no
        
       | deadbabe wrote:
       | Mortality risk is already 100% isn't it? We're going to die,
       | guaranteed, so what's another 23% increase on 100%?
       | 
       | I think a good study would be the effects of likes, upvotes and
       | karma on overall lifespan. I'd bet that people who gain more
       | upvotes and positive engagement in general probably live much
       | longer than people who are chronically downvoted or ignored.
        
         | eastbound wrote:
         | That is a very clever null hypothesis to check whether disliked
         | people tilt the balance, or whether lack of human interactions
         | do.
         | 
         | The ones who should do this study would be the CIA. They could
         | remotely kill people by giving them negative social feedback
         | all the time. It would also give weight to online harassment
         | complaints.
        
           | deadbabe wrote:
           | Strategically weaponized cyberbullying on a person whose
           | mental state has been compromised by social media can be a
           | creative way to kill them off if they are driven to suicide.
           | Might be the plot of a thriller at least.
        
       | al_borland wrote:
       | Mindfullness as a treatment for loneliness is strange to me. This
       | doesn't actually help with the problem of being alone, it could
       | just make someone be more OK with it.
       | 
       | As someone who spends a lot of time alone, one of my big fears is
       | having a medical emergency, even just choking on food, and dying
       | from something that would be easily avoided had another person
       | been in the house. I've gone and looked up how to give myself the
       | Heimlich maneuver on myself, and play out that scenario in my
       | head all the time... or trying to get to a neighbor's house or
       | just outside where someone might see me. Mindfulness won't help
       | if this is how I meet my fate, actually community and
       | relationships would.
        
         | Herring wrote:
         | It's quite a rare thing to die by choking. It just doesn't feel
         | like it, which is where mindfulness can help. You do more
         | dangerous things every day like walking (falls) and driving,
         | eating (obesity), and brushing your teeth (gum disease), so if
         | you want to work on prevention it's better to have a head that
         | correctly assesses risk and spends your limited
         | time/money/effort optimally.
        
           | SirHumphrey wrote:
           | But then choking is not the only health emergency when having
           | people around is a plus. Even active people sometimes suffer
           | from heart attacks and having someone being there doing chest
           | compressions or at least calling for help leads to quite
           | difficult health outcomes versus being found hours later.
           | Same goes for strokes...
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | Exactly. Many of the statistically more dangerous things
             | are either chronic issues (obesity) or inherently in public
             | (driving). Choking, a heart attack, etc are acute issues
             | happening in private, which is where the fear lies. Some of
             | those acute issues could be made more likely by the chronic
             | issue, but not always. And if the chronic issues are known,
             | a person can proactively get tests to hopefully avoid an
             | acute issue. My dad just had a quadruple bypass, identified
             | as a need based on a proactive calcium scan, rather than
             | waiting for a heart attack.
        
               | red_rech wrote:
               | I had a mildly embarrassing shower fall that ended in a
               | deep wound. I tried to sleep it off not realizing how bad
               | it was and ended up having to get surgery. Because of the
               | location of the injury, there was a big risk of
               | infection.
               | 
               | I was alone, but luckily I was only 19 and healthy at the
               | time. But I came away with a new understanding of the
               | dangers of these things and whys there's so much
               | advertising to older people it. I can imagine a frail
               | individual not surviving something like that if alone.
        
               | al_borland wrote:
               | Glad you were able to make it out ok. That's another
               | thing I think about often. I will often double back to
               | grab my phone before I do something knowingly risky, like
               | climbing on something. I don't want to test how hard my
               | survival instinct kicks in to find other means to get to
               | help if left in a bad spot.
               | 
               | I'm thankful my dad is into tech and has an Apple Watch.
               | He does a lot of walking, watch is good to keep him
               | mobile. But just last year he stepped backward off a curb
               | and fell in a parking lot. The Apple Watch went off and
               | was ready to call for an ambulance had he needed it.
               | 
               | 20 years ago he was worried about falls with his mom, he
               | was thinking of solutions for this and wanted to make a
               | device the seniors would need to check-in with every
               | hour. A missed check-in would trigger a call to emergency
               | contacts. The various monitors on the watch seem much
               | more elegant and less annoying, while being a step up
               | from Life Alert.
               | 
               | However, with the Apple Watch needing a smart phone,
               | charging, and general know-how, I don't see it as a
               | viable general purpose safeguard for seniors. At least
               | not for a while longer. I don't think my would get a
               | smart watch for fall detection, and she's made some
               | comments that worry me. I think she's fallen several
               | times and hasn't really told anyone.
        
             | Herring wrote:
             | Yes, roughly speaking meditation is inner work. You are
             | still gonna have things to do out in the world.
             | 
             | It's like someone advises you to go to the gym and you say
             | but I drive everywhere. Yes they're not conflicting. In
             | fact unless you live in a place like NYC or London, you
             | need to be good at both.
        
         | bookofjoe wrote:
         | Here you go: https://www.bookofjoe.com/2025/09/my-entry-47.html
        
         | jimkleiber wrote:
         | I think so much of it is our fear of dealing with conflicts and
         | running away. Mindfulness, if it helps us have the courage to
         | talk with people, apologize, forgive, and reconcile
         | relationships with ourselves and others, can probably be super
         | helpful. However, I think a lot of it has us actually move
         | farther away from others, retreating into ourselves and then
         | yeah, if you need someone to take you to the hospital, the
         | relationships aren't there or aren't so immediate to help with
         | that.
         | 
         | I think I feel you and I hope that if something like that were
         | to happen, you would have people willing to offer and give that
         | help and you'd be willing to ask for and receive that help.
        
         | BobaFloutist wrote:
         | I think probably the idea is that Mindfulness helps you make
         | peace with yourself and trouble-shoot your personality, both of
         | which could make it easier to make connections with other
         | people.
        
           | criddell wrote:
           | Are people who lack connections with other people _lonely_ by
           | definition?
        
         | jmkni wrote:
         | "Mindfullness" only works for people who are already happy
        
       | damnesian wrote:
       | I've seen this happen in person, to my grandmother. She hitched
       | her identity to the man of the house, even signing checks "Mrs.
       | grandad's name." She was the accountant of their farm along with
       | housewife and cook and chicken tender. He was most of the muscle
       | until he had to relinquish the work to their youngest son, who
       | had moved out and into his own house. She was in relatively good
       | health when grandad died at 76. She suddenly lost her identity,
       | being alone in that farmhouse which she helped build and
       | maintain, it was too full of ghosts to live alone, she moved in
       | with the son. I never saw her smile after that. She died within
       | months.
       | 
       | My great-grandmother was different. her husband died young. she
       | had 50 more years of life after that. She gardened, she sewed,
       | she pickled and canned. She established a strong personal
       | identity and experienced evergreen personal growth. She was a
       | happy woman, cackling all of the time when we'd visit. When she
       | died at 95, it was a surprise, she seemed very alive and healthy
       | shortly beforehand. She died in her sleep, no chronic diseases.
       | 
       | Makes me think that 32% might be traced to
       | psychological/sociological factors.
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | It sounds like your grandma passed from a broken heart.
         | 
         | My mother in law lost her husband when she was in her early
         | 60s, and I was worried that she would suffer the same fate as
         | your grandma. She sold her house after a few years to escape
         | the ghosts and moved into a condo near me. Her social schedule
         | is jam-packed.
         | 
         | There is so much to be said about having your own identity,
         | hobbies, and passions.
        
         | JackFr wrote:
         | > She hitched her identity to the man of the house, even
         | signing checks "Mrs. grandad's name."
         | 
         | That was quite common for much of the 20th century.
        
           | jabroni_salad wrote:
           | Yep. I have been doing genealogy, and the women are very hard
           | to track down because of this. There is a lot of "Mrs. Joe
           | Schmoe" in the papers.
        
         | gaoshan wrote:
         | The person she spent her life with died. She could have just
         | been sad and lonely over that, not some lack of "identity".
         | 
         | I've been married for over 30 years and we both have our own
         | independent identities and successes (as well as shared ones).
         | We are still very close and loving. Neither needs the other to
         | live but after so long our emotional involvement with each
         | other is as deep and foundational as the roots of a great tree.
         | Losing her (or her me) would be utterly devastating and how we
         | identify ourselves has nothing to do with it.
        
       | r721 wrote:
       | OP was accused of posting AI-generated articles previously:
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45368911
        
       | jwpapi wrote:
       | I'm unsure because I don't enjoy most social things others do but
       | at the same time I keep reading loneliness is bad for you lol
        
       | naikrovek wrote:
       | Would you like to know why some people are lonely? Because they
       | have interacted with people before and found the experience to be
       | quite objectionable.
       | 
       | I am lonely because I have dealt with too many assholes. And if
       | it kills me sooner, good. Humanity is a garbage species full of
       | opportunistic and adversarial people just _waiting_ to find new
       | people to exert power over.
       | 
       | I can't wait to leave this hellhole.
        
       | dzink wrote:
       | Loneliness directly contributes to alcoholism and a number of
       | other self-medication addictions. Part of it is social - pubs and
       | places that profit off of alcohol are where lonely men often go
       | to find company. Is it malicious to exploit loneliness by
       | offering respite to it to sell addictive substances?
        
       | mchusma wrote:
       | I would expect this to be correlated to not having kids as well.
       | Anecdotally the healthiest elderly I know are deeply involved in
       | raising grandkids/great grandkids, and those relatives without
       | kids I've lost early.
       | 
       | I've heard of some efforts to pair retirement homes and
       | preschools in some way, to benefit both, and I'd love to see that
       | idea work in some way. I expect it to have many liability
       | challenges but would be so good for both parties.
        
       | anal_reactor wrote:
       | This might go against the whole "just use positive thinking out
       | of loneliness"
        
       | lynx97 wrote:
       | No need to jump on the latest buzzwords, doing science. I
       | remember this kind of study has already been done with
       | married/unmarried peope, with basically a similar result. The
       | explanation they gave back then was pretty logical: If you are
       | living alone, there is nobody around to call an ambulance if you
       | have a heart attack or similar.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | > _Loneliness increases death risk by 32% but we know how to fix
       | it. Real solutions that cut loneliness in half, from mindfulness
       | to community programs that actually work._
       | 
       | And what, pray tell, works? He goes on:
       | 
       | > _Those programs in Barcelona where almost half the people
       | stopped feeling lonely? The mindfulness stuff that works in just
       | two weeks? Even the robot pets for elderly people "it all works".
       | We're not talking about maybe or possibly here. This stuff
       | actually works. What gets me is that fixing loneliness doesn't
       | require some massive revolution. Twenty minutes of mindfulness a
       | day. A weekly volunteer shift._
       | 
       | Slop.
        
       | gjm11 wrote:
       | The following is perfectly compatible with everything in the
       | article being correct and important (though I share the suspicion
       | that there may be some reverse-causality going on), but the
       | author seems to be extremely fishy in some ways.
       | 
       | He's posting about two substantial (~10-30 pages) papers per week
       | to the arXiv, in various areas of mathematics. He claims to have
       | developed "Alpay Algebra: A recursive language for thought" and
       | what he's written about it looks to me like (1) it was actually
       | written by an LLM and (2) it's basically word/symbol salad. (He
       | has some papers about it on the arXiv. The first isn't
       | particularly bullshitty, but uses a great deal of formalism to
       | _say_ almost nothing. Later ones look like grandiose AI-written
       | slop. And he has some web pages that are just grandiose AI-
       | written slop.)
       | 
       | I repeat: none of this _needs_ to cast any particular doubt on
       | what he writes about loneliness. He might be an AI-driven
       | mathematical crank who also has wise thoughts about loneliness. I
       | might just be wrong about his being an AI-driven mathematical
       | crank, though I 'd be pretty surprised. Or, for that matter, his
       | post about loneliness might be AI-written but none the less
       | correct. (It's the kind of thing I would expect an LLM to be able
       | to write something reasonable about -- though in that case it
       | would be advisable to double-check the references.) But it
       | doesn't inspire confidence.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | I didn't dig in to every cite but a few seemed suspicious. One
         | linked on digital interventions specifically said it showed no
         | positive results. Another on pet ownership having 100% success
         | rate was sponsored by the pet industry. I think the author is
         | tripping over a lot of data and cherry picking. We know that
         | loneliness can cause problems and interventions can help but
         | this post seems like it is indeed a rambling jumble and not a
         | cogent argument for anything in particular.
        
       | Wonnk13 wrote:
       | nothing more than a n=1 anecdote, but I'm noticeably more
       | depressed when my wife is in the office and I don't go in to a
       | coworking space and/or do something with my friends after work.
       | 
       | Even as an introvert I can easily see if I didn't have a partner
       | and access to friends and socialization I'd be significantly more
       | likely to kill myself.
       | 
       | Before my mother started joining more retiree clubs I could
       | literally see on her face how much more weathered and haggard she
       | was. The isolation was physically visible on her face.
        
       | patates wrote:
       | Germany has great bread, how come did the author have a problem
       | to find good bread?
       | 
       | Yes, that's my only issue with the article :)
        
       | willyg123 wrote:
       | There's a YC company solving for this, Papa.com
        
         | polalavik wrote:
         | Ah just the solution - vc funded for profit friendship and
         | caretaking as a service. That will surely be the remedy! (/s)
        
         | thaw13579 wrote:
         | Hopefully they're solving for better social connection, not
         | solving for chronic loneliness as so many other for-profit
         | ventures have...
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | The very first thing this article should define is what is
       | considered loneliness in this context
        
       | cassowary37 wrote:
       | Not to take anything away from the meta-analysis and the
       | important points in the blog post, but there's a glaring error in
       | the abstract: "the weighted average effect sizes were as follows:
       | social isolation odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, loneliness OR = 1.26,
       | and living alone OR = 1.32, corresponding to an average of 29%,
       | 26%, and 32% increased likelihood of mortality, respectively."
       | 
       | The authors mean increased /odds/, not likelihood (probability).
       | WHy does it matter? Well, when your whole paper is a statistical
       | exercise, misusing basic statistical language in the abstract is
       | not a great sign.
        
       | ZpJuUuNaQ5 wrote:
       | >Chronic loneliness
       | 
       | Is it generally understood as feeling (being in a particular
       | state of mind) as being lonely or just lacking social
       | interactions in general, regardless of how one feels about it?
       | Those two things, to my understanding, aren't the same. For
       | example, I never had friends, and generally, I despise people. I
       | have no "social life," and I wouldn't even be able to clearly
       | define what it is without googling. If I lost my voice, I
       | wouldn't notice that it happened for about a week. However, I
       | don't feel like I am missing out on anything. Does that increase
       | my mortality risk by over 30% or not? I only skimmed the sources,
       | but may read it later.
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | There is a lot of debate and misinformation on this subject. My
         | understanding is this is primarily an aging or elderly issue.
         | For the majority of people, as we age, we mentally decline
         | which worsens health in all aspects. If you are one of the
         | lucky ones who remain sharp until passing, this doesn't affect
         | you as much. If you are more average, the advice is that a
         | social network of some sort will help you as you age.
         | 
         | There was the famous incident involving Gene Hackman. His care
         | taker was his wife. The wife collapsed/died due to Henta virus
         | and he passed a week later oblivious to what had happened to
         | her. If Gene Hackman and his wife had more proactive support
         | network (the kids or friends FaceTime them everyday), maybe
         | this tragedy could have been avoided.
        
       | emptybits wrote:
       | Shameless plug for a good organization that helps fight social
       | isolation and loneliness among elderly: Cycling Without Age.
       | 
       | https://cyclingwithoutage.org/
       | 
       | We're an international movement whereby volunteer cyclists pedal
       | passengers around on what is essentially a small couch on wheels.
       | The elderly get out into their neighbourhood while engaging with
       | volunteers in conversation, jokes, and memories. The benefits of
       | even brief but regular social connection are lasting, as we hear
       | from medical professionals and care home workers and the
       | residents themselves and their families.
       | 
       | There's a great TED Talk on it which inspired us to start a local
       | chapter almost eight years ago. We are in high demand and growing
       | so if you're looking for a healthy way to serve others, consider
       | getting in touch with your local chapter (or starting it!)
        
       | constantcrying wrote:
       | This is just fake science, which invents a mystical force that
       | makes people healthy when they interact with other people.
       | 
       | The causality is _reversed_. Unhealthy people socialize less,
       | this explains every correlation result cited, it is a simple
       | explanation, which doesn 't need to invent some mystic force
       | which turns people healthy, when they talk to other people.
       | 
       | Unless there is incredibly strong evidence that the reversed
       | causation is wrong, no other explanation should be accepted over
       | it.
        
       | tsoukase wrote:
       | Another correlation that has to take into account decades long
       | lifetime confounders that are the elephant in the room,
       | especially somatic and latent mental diseases. For example lonely
       | people are so because their relatives died early and they will
       | soon too.
        
       | philipallstar wrote:
       | Similar meta-analysis might conclude that plaster of paris on the
       | body increases broken limb risk by 98%.
        
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