[HN Gopher] Study: Social media probably can't be fixed
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       Study: Social media probably can't be fixed
        
       Author : todsacerdoti
       Score  : 67 points
       Date   : 2025-08-13 15:26 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | A lot of talk goes into how Facebook or other social media use
       | algorithms to encourage engagement, that often includes outrage
       | type content, fake news, rabbit holes and so on.
       | 
       | But here's the thing ... people CHOOSE to engage with that, and
       | users even produce that content for social media platforms for
       | free.
       | 
       | It's hard to escape that part.
       | 
       | I remember trying Bluesky and while I liked it better than
       | Twitter, for me it was disappointing that it was just Twitter,
       | but different. Outlandish short posts, same lame jokes / pithy
       | appeals to our emotions, and so on. People on there want to
       | behave the same way they wanted to on Twitter.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | What gets me about some platform is all the text-in-images and
         | video with senseless motion. I've been dipping my toes into
         | just about any social where I could possibly promote my
         | photography and the worst of them all is Instagram where all
         | the senseless motion drives me crazy.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Yeah I miss geocities. The pages were ugly, but they were
           | that users ugly ... gloriously personal ugly.
           | 
           | Facebook is not my page, it looks nothing like I want... my
           | content is in many ways the least important thing featured.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | > while I liked it better than Twitter, for me it was
         | disappointing that it was just Twitter, but different
         | 
         | I feel exactly the same way.
         | 
         | I think there needs to be a kind of paradigm shift into
         | something different, probably something that people in general
         | don't have a good schema for right now.
         | 
         | Probably something decentralized or federated is necessary in
         | my opinion, something in between email and twitter or reddit?
         | But there's always these chicken and egg issues with adoption,
         | who are early adopters, how that affects adoption, genuine UX-
         | type issues etc.
        
           | 9rx wrote:
           | _> Probably something decentralized or federated is necessary
           | in my opinion, something in between email and twitter or
           | reddit?_
           | 
           | So, Usenet? The medium is the message and all that, sure, but
           | unless you change where the message originates you are
           | ultimately going to still end up in the same place.
        
         | notTooFarGone wrote:
         | >people CHOOSE to engage with that
         | 
         | brains are wired that way. Gossip and rage bait is not
         | something that people actively decide for, it's subconscious.
         | It's weird saying that this is the problem of individuals -
         | propaganda is effective not because people are choosing to
         | believe it.
        
         | KaiserPro wrote:
         | > But here's the thing ... people CHOOSE to engage
         | 
         | Kinda, but they also don't really realise that they have much
         | more control over the feed than they expect (in certain areas)
         | 
         | For the reel/tiktok/foryou-instagram feeds, it shows you
         | subjects that you engage with. It will a/b other subjects that
         | similar people engage with. Thats all its doing. continual a/b
         | to see if you like what ever flavour of bullshit is popular.
         | 
         | Most people don't realise that you can banish posts from your
         | feeds by doing a long press "I don't like this" equivalent. It
         | takes a few times for the machine to work out if its an
         | account, groups of accounts of theme that you don't like, and
         | it'll stop showing it to you. (threads for example took a very
         | long time to stop showing me fucking sports.)
         | 
         | Why don't more people know this? because it hurts short term
         | metrics for what ever bollocks the devs are working on. so its
         | not that well advertised. just think how unsuccessful the
         | experiments in the facebook app would have been if you were
         | able to block the "other posts we think you might like"
         | experiments. How sad Zuckerberg would be that his assertion was
         | actually bollocks?
        
           | RiverCrochet wrote:
           | There's definitely a mass of people who can't/won't/don't get
           | past passive/least-effort relationships with things on
           | screens. These would be the type that in the TV days would
           | simply leave the TV on a specific channel all day and just
           | watch whatever was on, and probably haven't changed their car
           | radio dial from the station they set it to when they bought
           | the car. In modern times they probably have their cable TV
           | they still pay for on a 24 hour news channel and simply have
           | that going all day.
           | 
           | To be fair, in times far past, you really didn't have much
           | choice in TV or radio channels, and I suspect it's this
           | demographic that tend to just scroll down Facebook and take
           | what it gives without much thought other than pressing Like
           | on stuff.
        
             | Mouvelie wrote:
             | Yup. Knowing the exact percentage of those people would be
             | hurtful to my soul I think, but I suspect they drive a
             | meaningful percentage of business. Like that time when
             | Netflix displayed shows on, because some people couldn't be
             | bothered to actually choose something to watch ?
        
           | CrimsonCape wrote:
           | Transparency would prove or disprove this. Release the
           | algorithm and let us decide for ourselves. In my experience,
           | Instagram made an algorithm change 3-4 years ago. It used to
           | be that my feed was exactly my interests. Then overnight my
           | feed changed. It became a mix of 1. interracial relationship
           | success stories 2. scantily clad women clickbait, 3. east
           | asian "craft project" clickbait, and just general clickbait.
           | It felt as if "here's what other people like you are clicking
           | on" became part of the algorithm.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | Personally I really enjoy Mastodon and Bluesky but I am very
         | deliberate at avoiding negative people, I do not follow and
         | often mute or block "diss abled" people who complain about
         | everything or people who think I make their life awful because
         | I am cisgender or who post 10 articles an hour about political
         | outrage. The discover page on Bluesky is algorithmic and
         | respects the "less like this" button and last time I looked has
         | 75% less outrage than the following page. (A dislike button
         | that works is a human right in social media!)
         | 
         | Once I get my database library reworked, a project I have in
         | the queue is a classifier which filters out negative people so
         | I can speed follow and not add a bunch of negativity to my
         | feed, this way I get to enjoy real gems like
         | 
         | https://mas.to/@skeletor
         | 
         | Cross posting that would cure some of the ills of LinkedIn!
        
         | avgDev wrote:
         | Current social media have basically found the "bliss point" of
         | online engagement to generate revenue and keep the eyes
         | attached. These companies found a way to keep people hooked,
         | and strong emotions seem to be a major tool.
         | 
         | It really isn't a choice. It is very accessible. Many friends
         | are on social networks and you slowly get sucked into shorts.
         | Then, it becomes an addiction as your brain crave the dopamine
         | hits.
         | 
         | Similar to what Howard Moskowitz did with food.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I work in survey research and I'm rather appalled at how many
       | people would rather survey a sample of AIs than a sample of
       | people and claim they can come to some valid conclusion as a
       | result.
       | 
       | There are many ways AIs differ from real people and any
       | conclusions you can draw from them are limited at best -- we've
       | had enough bad experiments done with real people
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment#Int...
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | Appalling. The entire question of "fixing social media", for
         | any definition of "fixing", involves not just the initial
         | reaction to some change but the second-and-greater-order
         | effects. LLMs are point-in-time models and intrinsically can
         | not be used for even guessing at second-order effects of a
         | policy over time. This shouldn't have gotten past the proposal
         | phase.
        
         | reactordev wrote:
         | I trust your judgement more than Ars Technica.
         | 
         | For us layman, the flaw of using AI trained on people for
         | surveys is, human. Humans have a unique tendency to be
         | spontaneous, wouldn't you say?
         | 
         | How would a focus group research team approach this when
         | they're bombarded by AI solutions that want their research
         | funds?
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | The worst problems with people these days seem to be they
           | don't pick up the phone. Probability-based polls are still
           | pretty good about most things unless they involve Donald
           | Trump --- it seems some Trump supporters either don't pick up
           | the phone or lie to pollsters. Some polls correct for this
           | with aggressive weighting but how scientific it really is is
           | up in the air.
        
         | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
         | "We trained a model on Twitter and Reddit content and were
         | shocked to discover it generates a terrible community."
         | 
         | It's so weird to live in a time when what you just said needs
         | to be said.
        
         | Mouvelie wrote:
         | Genuine question : are you scared for your job ? I see this
         | tendency to use "synthetic personas" growing and frankly,
         | having to explain why this sucks is insulting in itself.
         | Decision makers are just not interested in having this kind of
         | thought argument.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Not really. Sales is doing better than it ever has since I've
           | been here. For one thing, AI folks want our data. Despite
           | challenges in the industry, public opinion is more relevant
           | than ever and the areas where we are really unsurpassed is
           | (1) historical data and (2) the most usable web site, the
           | latter one I am a part of.
        
         | richardubright wrote:
         | Wait what? Is there an article on this. That sounds absolutely
         | insane.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Lots of them, for instance
           | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3708319.3733685
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06950 "Large Language Models Do
           | Not Simulate Human Psychology" is a recent preprint.
        
         | naravara wrote:
         | It doesn't surprise me if they found that the emergent
         | behaviors didn't change given their method. Modifying the
         | simulation to make them behave differently would mean your
         | rules have changed the model's behavior to "jump tracks" into
         | simulating a different sort of person who would generate
         | different outputs. It's not quite analogous to having the same
         | Bob who likes fishing responding to different stimuli. Sort of
         | like how Elon told Grok to be "unfathomably based" and stop
         | caring about being PC" and suddenly it turned into a Neo-Nazi
         | Chan-troll. Changing the inputs for an LLM isn't taking a core
         | identity and tweaking it, it's completely altering the
         | relationships between all the tokens it's working with.
         | 
         | I would assume there is so much in the corpus based on behavior
         | optimized for the actual existing social media we have that the
         | behavior of the bots is not going to change because the bot
         | isn't responding to incentives like a person would it's
         | mimicking the behavior it's been trained on and if there isn't
         | enough training data of behavior under the different inputs
         | you're trying to test you're not actually applying the
         | "treatment" you would think you are.
        
         | lispisok wrote:
         | >I work in survey research and I'm rather appalled at how many
         | people would rather survey a sample of AIs than a sample of
         | people and claim they can come to some valid conclusion as a
         | result.
         | 
         | A YC company just launched doing exactly that.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44755654
        
       | SkepticalWhale wrote:
       | I'd like to see more software that amplifies local social
       | interactions.
       | 
       | There are apps like Meetup, but a lot of people just find it too
       | awkward. Introverts especially do not want to meet just for the
       | sake of meeting people, so they fallback on social media.
       | 
       | Maybe this situation is fundamentally not helped by software. All
       | of my best friendships organically formed in real-world settings
       | like school, work, neighborhood, etc.
        
         | fellowniusmonk wrote:
         | I ran a co-working space social club that resolved this issue
         | for many introverts in 2015-2017.
         | 
         | This is at core a 3rd places issue, haven't had the capital to
         | restart it post covid.
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | That sounds interesting. How did that work, did you rent a
           | place for coworking and then opened it up for the social
           | aspect?
        
             | fellowniusmonk wrote:
             | My tech (I was founding engineer and CTO) company took over
             | a co-working space and expanded it, we ran that portion of
             | it at break even.
             | 
             | We intentionally set out to create a social club/co-working
             | space. A lot goes into it. I'm a non-theist who comes from
             | a multi generational group of theist church planters (like
             | 100s of churches, just over and over), it's a multi
             | factorial process with distinct transitions in space-time
             | and community size, where each transition has to be handled
             | so you don't alienate your communities founding members
             | (who will be very different from later members) and still
             | are able to grow.
             | 
             | People don't do it because they can't see the value while
             | they are in the early mess of it. You have to like people
             | to pull it off, you have to NOT be a high control person
             | who can operate at high control at certain developmental
             | stages. You have to have a moral compass everyone
             | understands and you are consistent with, tech people like 0
             | trust. You have to create a maximum trust environment which
             | means NOT extracting value from the community but
             | understanding that the value is intrinsic in the community.
             | 
             | You have to design a space to facilitate work and play.
             | It's not hard but you have to get everything right,
             | community can't have mono culture and it must be
             | enjoyable/uncomfortable, and you must design things so
             | people can choose their level of engagement and grow into
             | the community. It's easier once it has enough intertia that
             | they understand they are building a thing with real
             | benefits.
             | 
             | Even things like the flow of foot traffic within the space,
             | chokepoints narrowing, these kinds of thing all effect how
             | people interact.
        
           | WaltPurvis wrote:
           | That's very interesting. Do you have time to elaborate a bit?
        
         | abnercoimbre wrote:
         | I call it technology for touching grass e.g. look at The
         | Offline Club [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.theoffline-club.com/
        
       | westurner wrote:
       | Do all of these points apply to the traditional media funhouse
       | mirror that we love to hate, too?
       | 
       | > _" The [structural] mechanism producing these problematic
       | outcomes is really robust and hard to resolve."_
       | 
       | I see illegal war, killing without due process, and kleptocracy.
       | It's partly the media's fault. It's partly the peoples' fault for
       | depending on advertising to subsidize free services, for gawking,
       | for sharing without consideration, for voting in ignorance.
       | 
       | Social media reflects the people; who can't be "fixed" either.
       | 
       | If you're annoyed with all of these people on here who are lesser
       | than and more annoying than you, then stop spending so much time
       | at the bar.
       | 
       | Can the bar be fixed?
        
         | cwmoore wrote:
         | Sure can!
         | 
         | "No smoking, gambling, or loose women."
         | 
         | TaDAaaah!
        
           | weregiraffe wrote:
           | No loose men either.
        
             | cwmoore wrote:
             | Someone has to run the place.
        
       | farceSpherule wrote:
       | Social media is the new smoking...
       | 
       | Widespread adoption before understanding risks - embraced
       | globally before fully grasping the mental health, social, and
       | political consequences, especially for young people.
       | 
       | Delayed but significant harm - can lead to gradual impacts like
       | reduced attention span, increased anxiety, depression,
       | loneliness, and polarization
       | 
       | Corporate incentives misaligned with public health - media
       | companies design platforms for maximum engagement, leveraging
       | psychological triggers while downplaying or disputing the extent
       | of harm
        
         | RiverCrochet wrote:
         | Not an accurate analogy in my opinion, but close.
         | 
         | - Smoking feels good but doesn't provide any useful function.
         | 
         | - Some social media use feels good and doesn't provide any
         | useful function, but social media is extremely useful to
         | cheaply keep in touch with friends and family and extremely
         | useful for discovering and coordinating events.
         | 
         | Fortunately the "keep in touch" part can be done with apps that
         | don't have so much of the "social media" part, like Telegram,
         | Discord, and even Facebook Messenger versus the main app.
        
           | mvieira38 wrote:
           | I think most of the social media power users don't connect
           | with friends and family at all through the platforms. Young
           | Gen Zers just scroll Tiktok (or whatever clone they prefer)
           | and share the ones they like through
           | snapchat/discord/telegram/messenger/sms/whatsapp. Some will
           | post stuff for their friends to see through "close friends"
           | or whatever, but it's much less personal than it once was
           | with Facebook groups and whatnot
        
             | RiverCrochet wrote:
             | Agreed. And it's not necessary when you have so many apps.
             | They're using Tiktok for scrolling and Discord when they
             | actually want to chat with their friends.
        
           | _DeadFred_ wrote:
           | 'Smoking get's me taking breaks, going outside more, and
           | makes me more social chatting with my coworkers/others on
           | smoke breaks'
        
         | mvieira38 wrote:
         | This analogy undersells the negative impact of social media.
         | Smoking wasn't a propaganda machine at the hands of a few
         | faceless corpos with no clear affiliation, for example, nor did
         | it form a global spynet
        
       | ElijahLynn wrote:
       | I'm reading Tim Urban's book titled "What's Our Problem".
       | 
       | It definitely explains the different types of thinking that I'm
       | making up our current society, including social media. I haven't
       | got to the part yet where he suggests what to do about it, but
       | it's fascinating insight into our human behavior in this day and
       | age.
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | > Only some interventions showed modest improvements. None were
       | able to fully disrupt the fundamental mechanisms producing the
       | dysfunctional effects.
       | 
       | I think this is expected. Think back to newsgroups, email lists,
       | web forums. They were pretty much all chronological or maybe had
       | a simple scoring or upvoting mechanism. You still had outrage,
       | flamewars, and the guy who always had to have the last word.
       | Social media engagement algorithms probably do amplify that but
       | the dysfunction was always part of it.
       | 
       | The only thing I've seen that works to reduce this is active
       | moderation.
        
       | KaiserPro wrote:
       | Social media can be fixed, its just the incentives are not
       | aligned.
       | 
       | To make money, social media companies need people to stay on as
       | long as possible. That means showing people sex, violence, rage
       | and huge amounts of copyright infringements.
       | 
       | There is little advantage in creating real-world consequences for
       | bad actors. Why? because it hurts growth.
       | 
       | There was a reason why the old TV networks didn't let any old
       | twat with a camera broadcast stuff on their network, why? because
       | they would get huge fines if they broke decency "laws" (yes
       | america had/has censorship, hence why the simpsons say "whoopee"
       | and "snuggle")
       | 
       | There are few things that can cause company ending fines for
       | social media companies. Which means we get almost no moderation.
       | 
       | Until that changes, social media will be "broken"
        
         | wk_end wrote:
         | > Social media can be fixed, its just the incentives are not
         | aligned.
         | 
         | So social media can't be fixed. Incentives are what matter.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Incentives can be changed though, through law.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | Social media in a profit-seeking system can't be fixed. Profit-
       | seeking provides the evolutionary pressure to turn it into
       | something truly destructive to users. The only way it can work is
       | via ownership by a benevolent non-profit. However, that would
       | likely eventually give in to corruption if given enough time.
       | Outlawing it completely, as well as regulating the algorithmic
       | shaping of the online experience, is probably the inevitable
       | future. Unfortunately, it won't come until the current system
       | causes a complete societal facture and collapse.
        
         | RiverCrochet wrote:
         | If enough users are destroyed, advertisers (social media's real
         | customers) won't have sufficient markets for their products,
         | and profits will fall. Social media can't destroy its users and
         | survive.
         | 
         | Seriously though, I disagree. Social media in a profit-seeking
         | system can work if the users are the ones who pay. The easiest
         | way for this to work-now that net neutrality is no longer a
         | thing-is bundling through user's phone bills. If Facebook et
         | al. were bundled similarly to how Netflix, Hulu and other
         | streaming apps are now packaged with phone plan deals, then the
         | users would be the focus, not the advertisers. This might
         | require that social media be legislatively required to offer
         | true ad-free options, though.
        
       | MeIam wrote:
       | The main reason that it can't be fixed is that it has political
       | or corporate operators and propaganda bots have taken over. There
       | is always an agenda running through threads of social media even
       | for mundane topics that seeking supremacy.
        
       | burnte wrote:
       | Social media isn't the problem, people are the problem, and we
       | still working on how to fix them.
        
         | mritterhoff wrote:
         | I think that's an oversimplification. People have problems
         | sure, but just like alcohol, social media can and does
         | exacerbate them. The answer to dealing with the former is
         | regulation. I'm not sure that is feasible for the latter.
        
         | _DeadFred_ wrote:
         | Social media leveraging the billions spent on marketing over
         | the years, the skills of knowledgeable experts in multiple
         | disciplines, basically thousands of human years of experts at
         | manipulating people against a random person with zero guard up
         | that wants to chat with their friends/make new friends isn't a
         | people problem.
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | > They then tested six different intervention strategies...
       | 
       | None of these approaches offer what I want, and what I think a
       | lot of people want, which is a social network primarily of people
       | you know and give at least one shit about. But in reality, most
       | of us don't have extended social networks that can provide enough
       | content to consistently entertain us. So, even if we don't want
       | 'outside' content (as if that was an option), we'll gravitate to
       | it out of boredom and our feeds will gradually morph back into
       | some version of the clusrterfucks we all deal with today.
        
       | bentt wrote:
       | If you could plug into the inner thoughts of millions of people
       | around the world at once, it would not be pleasant.
       | 
       | Social media has turned out to basically be this.
        
       | Zak wrote:
       | The study is based on having LLMs decide to amplify one of the
       | top ten posts on their timeline or share a news headline. LLMs
       | aren't people, and the authors have not convinced me that they
       | will behave like people in this context.
       | 
       | The behavioral options are restricted to posting news headlines,
       | reposting news headlines, or being passive. There's no option to
       | create original content, and no interventions centered on
       | discouraging reposting. Facebook has experimented[0] with limits
       | to reposting and found such limits discouraged the spread of
       | divisive content and misinformation.
       | 
       | I mostly use social media to share pictures of birds[1]. This
       | contributes to some of the problems the source article[2]
       | discusses. It causes fragmentation; people who don't like bird
       | photos won't follow me. It leads to disparity of influence; I
       | think I have more followers than the average Mastodon account. I
       | sometimes even amplify conflict[3].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/internal-research-
       | from...
       | 
       | [1] https://social.goodanser.com/@zaktakespictures/
       | 
       | [2] https://arxiv.org/html/2508.03385v1#S3
       | 
       | [3]
       | https://social.goodanser.com/@zaktakespictures/1139481946021...
        
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