[HN Gopher] RISC-V single-board computer for less than 40 euros
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       RISC-V single-board computer for less than 40 euros
        
       Author : doener
       Score  : 115 points
       Date   : 2025-08-08 21:59 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.heise.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.heise.de)
        
       | deivid wrote:
       | Can't beat that price, just be warned that it's slower than a Pi
       | 3, probably similar to a Pi 2.
        
         | brucehoult wrote:
         | It is not! That is super misleading.
         | 
         | For normal program code it is closer to a Pi 4 than to a Pi 3,
         | similar to the all the very popular A55s board that have come
         | out more recently than the Pi 4.
         | 
         | The only way it is slower than a Pi 3 is if the Pi 3 program is
         | using SIMD (Neon), which the VisionFive 2 lacks.
         | 
         | The worst part of this Pi 3 comparison is that the Pi 3 has
         | only 512MB or 1GB of RAM, which is extremely limiting in the
         | modern world. This RISC-V board comes with a *minimum* of 2GB
         | and is available with 8GB for $37.
         | 
         | The RAM difference alone makes many things possible that are
         | impossible on a Pi 3, and many other things much faster,
         | regardless of the raw CPU speed.
         | 
         | And then you have the M.2 NVMe SSD, something that neither the
         | Pi 3 nor Pi 4 support, which again makes a whole raft of things
         | much faster, even if the single lane means it can "only" do
         | something near 400 MB/s (vs SD cards at 40 or 80 MB/s)
        
       | rwmj wrote:
       | The VF2 (original) is a stolid workhorse, as long as you only use
       | it for simple CLI-based stuff. The hardware is very well
       | supported by Linux. The performance isn't great, but I used it to
       | fix hundreds of Fedora packages to add RISC-V support, so you
       | can't really beat its effectiveness. You do want to get the
       | version with the max amount of RAM, and you'll also need to add
       | an M.2 for storage (one PCIe lane!)
        
         | mkesper wrote:
         | Can you install it without a serial connection? Mine is still
         | collecting dust...
        
           | brucehoult wrote:
           | I've had a couple of original (kickstarter) VisionFive 2s for
           | 2 1/2 years, use them constantly, and have never used a UART
           | connection with them.
        
         | brucehoult wrote:
         | For CLI-based programming work an SSD is unnecessary, an SD
         | card is perfectly fine as long as it's large enough to hold all
         | your stuff and you have enough RAM to cache the frequently-used
         | bits. The difference will be measured in a couple of dozen
         | seconds on an hour-long build.
         | 
         | SD cards have the very great advantage that you can have
         | multiple ones with different OSes or versions and swap them in
         | seconds.
        
       | aarroyoc wrote:
       | I'm a happy owner of an original VF2. However, people buying this
       | board should be aware that the StarFive JH7110 is not compatible
       | with the RVA23 spec, which Ubuntu said it was the bare minimum
       | for now on and might create some software incompatibilities in
       | the future.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | There's nothing that's compatible with RVA23 except qemu, and
         | very few boards which are even partially compatible. Ubuntu's
         | decision is a dumb one. This should run Fedora or Debian just
         | fine.
        
           | lambdas wrote:
           | I don't think it's dumb - hasty and premature perhaps.
           | Manufacturers have been shipping boards with flaky RVV
           | support, a years old kernel and undocumented blobs on in
           | house baked OS and calling it a day.
           | 
           | Feels like a step towards strong arming them into shipping
           | products that can be supported easier/not being left to rot
           | in a drawer.
        
             | bigstrat2003 wrote:
             | A lot of people would call a hasty, premature decision
             | "dumb". I generally would, at least.
        
           | Pet_Ant wrote:
           | > Ubuntu's decision is a dumb one. This should run Fedora or
           | Debian just fine.
           | 
           | You either pull the future forward, or drag the past. Because
           | of the small market, they decided to forgo generating legacy
           | concerns before they even started seeing mainstream adoption.
           | 
           | I like the decision (they are choosing a better foundation)
           | but I can see the merits either way.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | They should have two streams. For Fedora we've got Fedora
             | vs CentOS Stream, with the latter (going to be) tuned more
             | for RVA23 and server boards.
        
           | boredatoms wrote:
           | Ubuntus decision was the right one, RVA23 is the first 'full'
           | desktop class isa for riscv
        
           | Findecanor wrote:
           | For release 26.04 next year, it makes more sense because that
           | is a Long Term Support release and a lot of new hardware from
           | then on will be RVA23-compliant.
           | 
           | They recommend 24.04.3 LTS for current hardware. Maybe they
           | just don't want (then) old hardware to be stuck on a non-LTS
           | release.
        
           | brucehoult wrote:
           | I don't think it's dumb. There are very strong hints that we
           | can expect SpacemiT K3 RVA23 boards from possibly multiple
           | vendors by perhaps the end of the year and certainly not long
           | after that.
           | 
           | Leaving RVA23 support until 28.04 LTS would be FAR too long.
           | 
           | It would be nice to see both RVA20 and RVA23 supported in the
           | same OS but the problem is that it's not actually practical
           | to do runtime selection of alternative functions or libraries
           | for all extensions in RVA23. It _is_ possible and sensible
           | for things such as V, perhaps, but extensions such as Zba and
           | Zbb (not in RVA20, but supported by VisionFive 2) and Zicond,
           | Zimop, Zcmop, Zcb have instructions which want to be
           | sprinkled all through just about every function.
           | 
           | You'd have to either deny your main program code the use of
           | all those extensions, or else completely duplicate every
           | program binary.
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | Ubuntu is specifically a noob friendly desktop OS. No reason
           | for them to bother supporting slow buggy embedded CPUs.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | You can get a Pico 2 with a RISC-V core (much less capable
       | platform though) for under 5 euros
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | The Pico 2 is a microcontroller board, that may run something
         | like CircuitPython. The Vision Five 2 is a 64-bit SBC, capable
         | of running Linux.
        
           | brucehoult wrote:
           | The Milk-V Duo is also under 5 euro, but is a full 1.0 GHz 64
           | bit Linux machine with MMU, FPU, 128 bit vector unit. Only
           | 64MB RAM, but the only slightly more expensive Duo 256M and
           | Duo S (512MB) increase that to Pi Zero levels for still under
           | $10.
        
       | nottorp wrote:
       | What's with that cookie dialog on some german sites? I thought I
       | don't understand it because it's in german, but this one seems to
       | be translated and I still can't figure it out.
       | 
       | Had to close the site without reading the article, anyone has
       | alternate links?
        
         | anonym29 wrote:
         | https://archive.is/bTEse
        
         | andix wrote:
         | It's just 3 buttons, the first one ("Zustimmen" / Accept)
         | closes it right away.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | I'm not clear to what I'm agreeing to though. Tracking, I
           | think.
        
         | neilv wrote:
         | It's a relatively annoying example of obviously bad faith
         | 'consent' UI.
         | 
         | I've decided to treat these as signs that the organization
         | running them is either dishonest or incompetent.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | Yeah, that was the most annoying cookie banner I've seen in a
         | while.
         | 
         | Better alternative posts that don't coerce you into agreeing to
         | tracking/etc.:
         | 
         | https://liliputing.com/starfive-visionfive-2-lite-is-a-cheap...
         | 
         | https://www.cnx-software.com/2025/08/07/visionfive-2-lite-lo...
        
       | anonym29 wrote:
       | Unrelated to the contents of the article itself, but this page is
       | a great example of the UI ramifications of GDPR. On mobile, I get
       | a full screen popup, and there appears to be an "accept all"
       | button, but no "reject all" button. I'm grateful to have tools
       | like uBlock Origin's element zapper for pages like this.
       | 
       | For those who don't, here's a version of the page with no full-
       | screen banner: https://archive.is/bTEse
        
         | encom wrote:
         | uBlock took care of the cookie law nonsense for me
         | automatically. The internet really is unusable without it.
        
           | 2abcea723a63c9 wrote:
           | GDPR is not that bad actually. The Internet is bad and making
           | itself unusable.
        
         | snackbroken wrote:
         | > this page is a great example of the UI ramifications of GDPR.
         | 
         | Not having an option to reject that is as convenient as the one
         | to accept is not compliant with GDPR.
        
         | wolrah wrote:
         | > this page is a great example of the UI ramifications of GDPR.
         | 
         | No, this is an example of malicious compliance. There are so
         | many bad GDPR banners because the people creating them want you
         | to be annoyed by them. They want to have the easy path being
         | the one that lets them collect as much data as they can and the
         | most private path is as annoying as they believe they can get
         | away with under the law. They want people complaining that the
         | GDPR did nothing but cause all these annoying banners.
         | 
         | It'd be possible for many if not most web sites to not have
         | such banners at all by simply defaulting to privacy-friendly
         | behaviors, but there's too much money to be had in the
         | behaviors the GDPR seeks to reduce.
        
           | Findecanor wrote:
           | There is a court ruling that German web sites _have_ _to_
           | make  "Reject All" as simple as "Accept All".
           | 
           | This site is not using a loop-hole. It is clearly in
           | violation.
        
       | bobajeff wrote:
       | I wonder if the future positioning for RISC-V will be better
       | support from manufacturers of SBCs than their ARM counterparts.
       | Right now they are barely useable outside of Raspberry Pi, which
       | unfortunately has had supply issues.
       | 
       | I know ARM chip makers can just rely on the smartphone, tablets
       | and Roku market but since there is no such market for RISC-V they
       | sort of have to be good as SBCs.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Espressif seems to have mainstreamed their support for RISC-V
         | alongside Xtensa. Maybe that doesn't count as SBC? But given
         | that Raspberry Pi only has RISC-V cores in the RP2350, it is
         | germane in response to the notion of "barely usable outside of
         | Raspberry Pi."
        
           | bobajeff wrote:
           | Sorry, my comment was not about if RISC-V were in SBCs but
           | about software and documentation support for SBCs outside of
           | Raspberry Pi being very very poor.
           | 
           | My hope is that the situation for RISC-V SBCs would be an
           | improvement over ARM SBCs given that chipmakers wouldn't be
           | able to rely on the smartphone market for customers.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | Yeah, Raspberry Pi has done a great job with documentation
             | and SDKs for SBC and their line of MCU.
             | 
             | I don't think Raspberry Pi would have been started outside
             | the margins of the smartphone market economies of scale.
             | Sure RPi are pretty big now but the smartphone market
             | created a world where low power CPUs and a lot of other
             | components are available at all. My recollection is that as
             | RPi got further away from standard chips, they struggled
             | balancing retail availability while servicing their
             | commercial contracts.
             | 
             | RISC-V, to me, seems more of an IP hedge for chipmakers who
             | may find themselves constrained in designs or distribution
             | in the future because the IP is controlled by potentially
             | unfriendly companies or jurisdictions. Sure, there are some
             | licensing fees/certifications that are friction, but the
             | goal is independence even at the cost of redundant effort
             | in chip and compiler design.
        
               | bobajeff wrote:
               | Well I don't know what the market for these companies
               | putting out RISC-V processors and SBCs are going for but
               | I'm hoping they will take support at least as seriously
               | as Raspberry Pi. Maybe none of them will but I'd hope
               | that given that they can't get those economies of scale
               | that they'd make the most of the hobbyist SBC market.
        
       | blu3h4t wrote:
       | Isn't it crazy that we already have riscv rpi like boards what a
       | time to be alive :D Now we only need a graphene phone with riscv.
       | :) No matter if low spec or something if it just works :D Like
       | the Nokia where sailfish was born or something :D
        
       | andix wrote:
       | The very limited software support would probably stop me from
       | buying one.
       | 
       | Even if there are builds or container images for riscv64, they
       | are probably often not tested at all. Sometimes different
       | architectures have weird quirks (unexpected performance issues
       | for some code, unexpected crashes). I guess only very few
       | maintainers will investigate and fix those.
       | 
       | It took quite some time until all software worked perfectly on
       | arm/arm64. When the first Raspberry Pi was released, this was
       | quite a different experience.
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Basically everything works, Linux-wise. Is there particular
         | software?
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | You probably want to consider the OrangePi RV2 board instead (I
       | wrote about it here: https://boilingsteam.com/orange-pi-rv2-new-
       | risc-v-board-revi...). I own the original VF2 as well, and the
       | RV2 from OrangePi is much faster, and software support is miles
       | better too.
        
         | rcarmo wrote:
         | Yep. I looked at that too:
         | https://taoofmac.com/space/reviews/2025/05/12/2230
         | 
         | My only gripe is that the OpenWRT image (still) doesn't have
         | Wi-Fi support for some reason.
        
       | sunshine-o wrote:
       | I am curious: from a security point of view, what are the
       | security tradeoffs and potential advantages of using this type of
       | board today?
        
         | 1oooqooq wrote:
         | i will bet there are binary blobs you must load in kernel to
         | make this run.
         | 
         | or maybe not. who knows? would be nice if that was front and
         | center on any review, but it's never. which leads me to believe
         | it's choke full of binary garbage.
        
       | sneak wrote:
       | Does it have any onboard flash? Embedded SBCs that have no
       | wireless and no onboard state (like the RPi3 without wifi) are
       | quite useful for security applications like offline cold
       | signing/CAs.
       | 
       | The RPi4/5 have a flashable bootrom now so they don't qualify any
       | longer. The 1/2/3 load their second stage bootloader from the
       | micro-SD, their first stage is burned at the factory and cannot
       | be modified. If you remove the SD and physically destroy it, they
       | can not persist state or exfiltrate data.
        
       | pinewurst wrote:
       | I still don't understand why there are not really competitive
       | RISC-V cores in any segment, other than possibly the very race to
       | the bottom.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | It's "batteries not included": you've got to do your own
         | integration work rather than just license from ARM. And chip
         | companies are pretty risk averse.
         | 
         | People generally don't buy instruction sets, they buy
         | solutions.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | I don't think designing a fast CPU gets significantly easier
         | with RISC-V. Yes, you don't have to design an instruction set,
         | but you still have to pick a good set of RISC-V of extensions,
         | find the right mix of cache size, branch predictor memory size,
         | number of integer and float ALUs, number of rename registers,
         | vector size, etc, glue the parts together so that it all works
         | and build something without hitting patents that others hold.
         | 
         | 'Cheaper' only at come into view if you're selling millions of
         | devices, and even then there have been other designs that are
         | similarly open for which you can't buy really competitive
         | cores.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | > I don't think designing a fast CPU gets significantly
           | easier with RISC-V.
           | 
           | Waterman, and probably his advisor Patterson, might disagree.
           | The focus of the RISC-V design is avoiding aspects of legacy
           | ISAs that make them harder to implement.
        
             | jabl wrote:
             | RISC-V has certainly managed to avoid obvious footguns like
             | delay slots or register windows. OTOH there seems to be a
             | lot of people who think RISC-V went too far down the "RISC
             | purity" rabbit hole, and that relying on the C extension is
             | not a good substitute e.g. for lack of more complex
             | addressing modes. Those same people might instead suggest
             | something like aarch64 as an example of a good general
             | purpose ISA.
             | 
             | Secondly, for a high performance core, the consensus seems
             | to be that the ISA mostly doesn't matter. The things that
             | make a high performance core are mostly things that happen
             | downstream of the instruction decoders. Heck, even the x86
             | ISA allows producing some pretty amazingly good cores.
             | Conversely, for a simple in-order cheap core, the ISA
             | matters much more.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | x86 doesn't have any of the stuff that's hostile to high
               | performance, it was perfectly positioned (to be clear,
               | this was pure luck) to exploit the evolution of
               | superscalar, out-of-order processors.
        
               | brucehoult wrote:
               | OTHER than the ridiculous instruction decoding, which is
               | still today very slow for cold code on even the newest
               | x86 cores.
               | 
               | Once you've decoded the crazy x86 instructions into uops
               | in the uop cache then, yes, it avoided the worst CISC
               | mistakes of multiple memory accesses (and potential page
               | faults) in one instruction via having only one memory
               | operand per instruction and not having indirect
               | addressing.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | It has a couple of them. Flag registers, global rounding
               | modes, relatively small page size, strong memory ordering
               | guarantees, complicated decoding (and I'm sure there are
               | a few more). It's more that it was good enough and
               | managed to sufficiently mitigate most of the problems
               | pretty well.
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | Reply to self: one thing that RISC-V will give you that your
           | own custom ISA won't give you is compilers. That can be a big
           | advantage, as it makes porting OSes and applications much
           | easier.
        
         | saati wrote:
         | Because the very bottom is the only segment where it's worth to
         | not just pay Arm for a core, with much better ecosystem support
         | and ISA.
        
         | OrvalWintermute wrote:
         | I agree with you in a temporal & non-proprietary sense.
         | 
         | Temporally, because (knock on wood) RISC-V is going to take
         | over the RadHard space market between Microchip/NASA's High
         | Performance Space Computer [1] and the Gaisler chips [2]
         | 
         | In a non-proprietary sense because much NVDA is alleged to be
         | RISC-V
         | 
         | [1] https://www.microchip.com/en-
         | us/products/microprocessors/64-...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.gaisler.com/secondary-product-category/rad-
         | hard-... see GR765 & GR801
        
       | mrweasel wrote:
       | Is PCI like really expensive? I always wonder why these types of
       | boards are so reluctant to add a PCI-Express slot.
        
         | ryao wrote:
         | This is speculation on my part, but:
         | 
         | 1. It is non-trivial additional work to add since these are
         | high frequency signals.
         | 
         | 2. It is non-trivial additional work to validate.
         | 
         | 3. The hardware PCI-E support is likely buggy because it is not
         | well tested and few want to volunteer to spend time working
         | with the SoC supplier on the bugs.
        
           | topspin wrote:
           | > It is non-trivial additional work to add since these are
           | high frequency signals.
           | 
           | And there it is. Yes, PCI-E 3.0 from 2010, 15 years ago,
           | involves 4 GHz wire level signals. A 4x PCI-E connector has
           | four differential pairs of this, not cross-talking, not
           | violating EMC limits, etc. This requires excellent layout and
           | high quality PCBs with enough layers.
           | 
           | Never mind 4.0, 5.0...
           | 
           | People just do not appreciate what their expectations entail.
           | A recent discussion about "soldered" RAM in the Framework
           | Desktop thread illustrates this, where someone just can't
           | accept that there are reasons for the things board designers
           | do. After you get done routing the display connector,
           | multiple ethernet, USB, DRAM and all the other high frequency
           | stuff on a couple square inches of low cost PCB, there isn't
           | much room for the stretch goal of PCI-E good enough to get
           | through EMI testing.
           | 
           | It is possible. Raspberry Pi did it. But it's a question of
           | cost, talent and time-to-market.
        
         | ductsurprise wrote:
         | Friendly FYI: Some M.2 slots offer up to 4 PCIe lanes.
         | 
         | Though, it looks like on the lite version mentioned here, there
         | is but one PCIe lave available on the slot.
         | 
         | Edit: Adding the size is likely the reason and full regular
         | PCIe is not there. The PCIe card would likely be as big as the
         | board it self. :)
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | Definitely don't assume M.2 == PCIe lanes tho.
           | 
           | The number of PCIe lanes available is typically defined by
           | the CPU in an SoC context or the lowest common between the
           | CPU and chipset in a traditional motherboard architecture.
           | M.2 defines a physical connector that may connect to
           | different things depended on its intended use. An example is
           | the difference between those intended for SATA or NVMe.
           | Additionally it is common for lower bandwidth peripherals
           | like wifi cards to use an M.2 connector although only be
           | wired into a subset of the board's possible PCIe lanes.
           | 
           | https://www.crucial.com/articles/about-ssd/m2-with-pcie-
           | or-s...
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | I think there are two reasons:
         | 
         | First, SBC processors are just a step up from microcontrollers,
         | they're designed to talk to GPIO devices and servos and UARTs
         | and sensors, not GPUs and network cards. The JH7110 only has a
         | two lanes of PCIe 2.0, one of which is used for USB 3.0 and the
         | other mostly (I assume) to provide an M.2 interface. However,
         | it also has 6 UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-
         | Transmitter, think RS232 serial), 7 channels of SPI (not
         | counting the QSPI Flash controller directly integrated), 8
         | channels of PWM, 7 channels of I2C, 64 channels of general-
         | purpose IO, I2S, SPDIF, two channels of CANbus, a directly
         | integrated Ethernet MAC, USB 2.0 host, a MIPI-CSI camera
         | interface and a MIPI-DSI video display block with either HDMI
         | output or for directly driving a 24-channel parallel LCD.
         | 
         | Embedded system designers don't want to add a PCIe-to-RS232
         | card to their industrial robot, NAS, or video camera, heck,
         | they don't want to add an external GPU. They don't even want to
         | add a separate northbridge/southbridge or PCH, they want a
         | single-chip SOM. Going up and down those layers between PCIe
         | and SATA or USB or Ethernet is expensive in terms of chip count
         | and power.
         | 
         | Second, I don't think they want to deal with the drivers. If
         | you want to plug in your choice of PCIe device - be it a GPU,
         | RAID card, sound card, who knows what - that's a level of
         | compatibility and modularity that SBCs are bad at.
        
       | asimovDev wrote:
       | Can something like this be powered by PoE? Aparently PoE hats for
       | RPi are compatible with vf2 but results vary
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | The easiest way would be to buy a PoE adapter that takes in PoE
         | and splits to Ethernet + USB-C power plug. I use those with
         | many boards (even Pis from time to time, if a HAT won't fit),
         | and they work as long as you only need a few watts.
        
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