[HN Gopher] Sunlight-activated material turns PFAS in water into...
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       Sunlight-activated material turns PFAS in water into harmless
       fluoride
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 64 points
       Date   : 2025-08-10 16:31 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | nick238 wrote:
       | The Materials Science Gameplay Loop:
       | 
       | 1. Invent fantastic new material that does a heretofore novel
       | reaction or one with improved performance (chemical,
       | photovoltaic, etc.)
       | 
       | 2. Do #1 without lead, cadmium, mercury, or arsenic.
       | 
       | SociallyAwesomeAwkwardPenguinMeme("Turns PFAS to fluoride",
       | "Contains Cadmium")
        
         | momoschili wrote:
         | 3. Do #2 without platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium to
         | make it economically viable
        
           | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
           | Is that much of a problem for a catalyst? Presumably you do
           | not need many of these: at water treatment plants and at the
           | waste-stream for manufacturing processes which emit PFAS. You
           | might not be able to justify the expense inside your home
           | water purification system, but it could still be cost
           | effective for large scale installations.
        
             | momoschili wrote:
             | it depends on the scale and the required amounts. If having
             | a limited amount of catalyst wasn't such a big problem I
             | suspect hydrogen power would have been much more
             | economically viable.
        
               | ambicapter wrote:
               | I thought the point of catalysts was that they don't get
               | used up in the reaction they promote.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | The real world is messy - catalysts gradually need
               | replacement over time in non lab conditions
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalyst_poisoning
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | You would need a lot of catalyst because the water
             | infrastructure to supply several hundred million people in
             | the US is massive, let alone the rest of the world.
             | 
             | The problem with those catalysts is that the latter two are
             | minor components of platinum and copper/nickel ores and
             | despite how expensive they are, the extraction is only
             | economically viable as part of other mining. Their supply
             | can only grow as much as platinum extraction allows and
             | demand is already pretty significant with environmental
             | regulations often necessitating their use. Any more demand
             | for them will cause their prices to rise dramatically and
             | its a long way before they become profitable enough to mine
             | on their own (flooding the platinum market in the process
             | which has _much_ higher yields from the ores).
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Activated carbon filtering removes up to about 75% of PFAS.
           | Reverse-osmosis removes almost all.
           | 
           | Doesn't get rid of them, to be clear. It would still be
           | better if a way could be found to chemically (and cheaply)
           | convert them to something less harmful.
        
             | N2yhWNXQN3k9 wrote:
             | > Activated carbon filtering removes up to about 75%
             | 
             | Seems like the limitation must be more than reducing
             | concentrations in fluid? Otherwise you'd just do multiple
             | passes?
        
             | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
             | > _Activated carbon filtering removes up to about 75% of
             | PFAS_
             | 
             | Common inexpensive non-RO filter systems come with
             | independent test results showing 99% removal of PFOA/PFOS
             | (see e.g
             | https://www.brondell.com/content/UC300_Coral_PDS.pdf). Do
             | we have reason to believe that other PFAS don't filter as
             | easily?
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | AIHI the shorter PFAS molecules are not captured as
               | effectively by activated carbon.
        
             | momoschili wrote:
             | Yes, the key here is the degradation of the forever
             | chemical, not the removal. Removal itself doesn't really
             | change the environmental scale of it
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | Alternative path, like with General Electric:
         | 
         | Invent seemingly fantastic new material. Discover it is harmful
         | to humans and wildlife, accumulates in groundwater, etc. Bury
         | that discovery.
         | 
         | Get caught after decades of wild profits, the occasional secret
         | settlement, and spend a decade more fighting legal action
         | before finally running out of appeals or the writing is on the
         | wall, and accept it and pay out.
         | 
         | Start selling water filtration systems, thus profiting off
         | people dealing with your pollution.
         | 
         | This is what I find so frustrating about "the fight against
         | cancer." I'm convinced cancer is so prevalent because
         | corporations are poisoning the shit out of our environment, and
         | thus our water supply, our food, our air. Because we're not
         | equipped with timestamping chemical detection systems, it's
         | difficult to identify the exposure that caused it or increased
         | the person's risk, so industry gets a "freebie" death nobody
         | can pin to them. As long as the chemical isn't toxic enough to
         | be obvious - the companies get away scott free, despite an
         | _extensive_ history of the chemical industry time and time
         | again coming up with some major novel chemical that comes to be
         | used all over society and turns out to be toxic.
         | 
         | Bill Moyers once submitted his blood to a lab and asked them to
         | test for everything they could identify in terms of industrial
         | chemicals, pesticides, etc. The blood was a veritable toxic
         | soup (and some of the control sample containers were
         | contaminated from the supplier, showing how pervasive the
         | toxins are):
         | https://www.pbs.org/tradesecrets/problem/popup_bb_02.html
         | 
         | You don't "fight cancer" doing walks and charity balls and
         | cute-kid-starts-fundraiser-because-friend-dies-from-leukemia.
         | You fight cancer by addressing the toxins being pumped into us
         | in the name of profit and "bettering society", allowed to get
         | away with it because of how difficult it is to show any
         | particular chemical directly caused the cancer.
        
           | anonymars wrote:
           | If only the vaccine-autism energy could be directed in the
           | right place
           | 
           | PS not to diminish GE's game but they certainly weren't the
           | only player. This one always stuck with me: https://en.wikipe
           | dia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease#Wastewater_tr...
        
             | exogenousdata wrote:
             | Sadly the goal of vaccine-autism energy has largely become
             | to destabilize western nation states. But I share the
             | sentiment!
        
           | prophesi wrote:
           | It's a bit disheartening to see that the Bill Moyer's
           | documentary came out in 2001, and not much has changed to
           | keep these corporations accountable.
        
       | nraynaud wrote:
       | I'm a bit confused, are they suggesting that a cadnium coumpound
       | to treat PFAS is a done deal?
        
       | pxeger1 wrote:
       | Ignoring the cadmium problem, is fluoride really harmless? I
       | don't know what concentration of fluoride you'd end up with from
       | converting typical PFAS pollution, but if you get enough fluoride
       | it is acutely poisonous, which might be worse than the
       | carcinogenic PFAS. (Likewise, it might be worse for the
       | environment)
        
         | nick238 wrote:
         | Fluoride doesn't bio-accumulate like PFAS do, which has a
         | strong affinity for proteins and fats in organisms. Constantly
         | drinking water with 0.5-1 ppm fluoride may cause minor side
         | effects like mild dental fluorosis, but you'll excrete almost
         | all the excess as it's very water soluble. Drink water with any
         | PFAS, and your body will strongly hold on to it all.
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | "0.5-1 ppm" covers what's considered the optimum level of
           | fluoride in drinking water, so I doubt you'd get dental
           | fluorosis from that. Coincidentally, if you calculate the
           | equivalent dose that you'd give babies (via dissolved vitamin
           | D + fluoride tablets), you also end up at about 0.3-0.5ppm.
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | Everything is toxic at a certain conentration, but as far as i
         | know PFAS is a million times more toxic than flouride.
         | 
         | According to the EPA safe level for flouride for drinking water
         | is up to 4 mg/L. The epa level for PFOS is 0.000004 mg/L,
         | literally a million times lower.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | I thought the EPA was deregulating everything _except_
           | flouride which it was going to deem a poison.
        
             | exogenousdata wrote:
             | Fair point. We should probably have some way to refer to US
             | gov't funded scientific orgs & their
             | research/recommendations before vs after the 2nd Trump
             | Administration.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Fluoride?!!
       | 
       | Isn't that supposed to be some kind of demonic juice?
       | 
       | Why else is the government so intent on making sure that there's
       | none in our water? I'm sure that they would much rather have the
       | PFAS, produced by their nice, generous, industrialist bros.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | And PFAS are used heavily in the manufacturing of microchips
         | (photoresist and etching).
        
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