[HN Gopher] How Potatoes Evolved
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       How Potatoes Evolved
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2025-08-06 14:36 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nhm.ac.uk)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nhm.ac.uk)
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | Not wanting to be completely petty, isn't this true of all viable
       | hybrids? Some acquisition of genes from both sides is demanded to
       | make a distinction worthy of speciation.
       | 
       | Not that I don't love spuds.
        
         | accidentallfact wrote:
         | I don't think there is any specific feature that makes potatoes
         | unique.
         | 
         | Two chromozome copies are typical for animals, but the number
         | of copies in plants varies widely, and and often changes
         | easily, even different variants of the same crop can have
         | different numbers of copies.
         | 
         | Underground storage organs are nothing unique, and those of
         | potatoes are not even particularly large. Many places prohibit
         | fig trees for example, because what you see is basically just
         | the tip, and there can be a giant 100m in diameter underground
         | that ruins every underground structure in its path. But it's
         | full of nasty toxic sap, and harvesting it would be a
         | nightmare.
         | 
         | It's just the particular combination of fast growth, edibility,
         | and ease of cloning and harvest that makes potatoes unique.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Well according to the article.. tomatoes supplied a gene
           | which turns off and on tuber expression and the other side
           | supplied a gene for underground stems (not roots) and to be a
           | potato demands both.
        
       | teslabox wrote:
       | Nightshades are problematic for stressed and old people because
       | the plants have mild poisons. Old people and addicts tend to not
       | be able to handle the poisons in tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants
       | and chilis.
       | 
       | But for people that are nightshade-tolerant potatoes are an
       | excellent food crop.
       | 
       | IIRC, someone was annoyed that do-gooders wanted to remove
       | potatoes from the food stamp programs, because the potato is
       | actually an almost-complete food. This has morphed into The
       | Potato Diet, which calls for eating potatoes and only potatoes
       | for a short period of time.                 From the start of
       | October through November in 2010,        Voigt consumed only
       | spuds, a few basic seasonings        and small amounts of oil for
       | cooking. His endeavor        drew attention from NBC's Today
       | Show, CBS News, Fox,        NPR and the UK's Daily Telegraph.
       | Voigt documented his journey through a blog        (
       | 20potatoesaday.com ). Tired of potatoes        getting a bad rap
       | as being nothing but fattening        starch and carbs, he wanted
       | to make a statement        that proved potatoes were very
       | nutritious.
       | 
       | - https://spudman.com/article/all-potato-diet-eight-years-late...
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | The theory behind it is that potatoes are the most filling food
         | of all, so it is hard to over-eat. I tried this diet, and it
         | works for weight loss, but it soon made me feel very
         | unsatisfied. But with a little bit of variation, i.e. making
         | potatoes the base and adding limited extra ingredients, you can
         | sustain on it longer.
        
         | CoastalCoder wrote:
         | I thought one of the issues with potatoes is that they have a
         | really high glycemic index, not lack of nutrients.
         | 
         | So consistently eating a lot of them increases one's risk of
         | Type 2 diabetes.
        
           | BSOhealth wrote:
           | This is true. Most of the potatoes eaten are valuable in
           | caloric-deprived situations, but they are not a long-term
           | healthy food due to the thrashing they do to insulin
           | management.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | The Danes (maybe all Scandinavians?) eat potatoes with almost
           | every meal. Do they have a higher incidence of diabetes?
        
           | alecco wrote:
           | That is misleading. Potatoes are ranked as one of the most
           | satiating foods per calorie. The problem is people put a lot
           | of butter/oil on them. Or eat them too processed.
        
         | ninalanyon wrote:
         | > do-gooders wanted to remove potatoes from the food stamp
         | programs, because the potato is actually an almost-complete
         | food.
         | 
         | What on earth?!
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | Why would they want to remove it if it's an almost complete
           | food?
        
             | sowbug wrote:
             | Read the original quote for full context.
        
       | searine wrote:
       | The actual paper in question:
       | https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(25)00736-6
       | 
       | Funded by Chinese and US government agencies and agricultural
       | research programs.
        
       | pm90 wrote:
       | > There are around 140 species of wild potato in South America,
       | growing from Mexico in the north all the way down to Argentina
       | and Chile in the south.
       | 
       | Super nit, but do authors think Mexico is in South America?
        
         | cariaso wrote:
         | I can easily forgive the statement you highlighted, but there
         | is zero information about potatoes in this one:
         | 
         | Along with wheat, maize and rice, they are estimated to account
         | for up to 80% of all calories eaten by people worldwide.
        
           | foobar1962 wrote:
           | I picked that up too. Awkward. I think they mean that 80% of
           | all calories are provided by wheat, maize, rice, and
           | potatoes.
        
             | darth_aardvark wrote:
             | Yeah, but that statement is basically information-free re:
             | potatoes.
             | 
             | "Boiled squid liver is a popular food. Along with wheat,
             | maize, rice, and potatoes, they make up 80% of all calories
             | eaten by people worldwide."
             | 
             | is technically true, but doesn't tell you anything about
             | boiled squid liver consumption.
        
               | allturtles wrote:
               | FWIW, the data I found puts potatoes at 1.7% of world
               | calorie consumption [0], but also puts the sum of
               | maize+wheat+rice+potatoes at closer to 50% than 80%.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/most-important-
               | staple-fo...
        
           | driggs wrote:
           | The point is that potatoes are one of the top 4 food sources
           | worldwide, and they collectively dwarf the percentages of the
           | long tail of other food sources.
           | 
           | Proportions vary significantly continent-to-continent and
           | culture-to-culture, such that it'd be more meaningless to try
           | and put a more precise (but less accurate) number on it.
           | 
           | This is not difficult to parse out of the sentence if you
           | choose to take a charitable rather than a pedantic
           | perspective, which I recommend to you generally.
        
         | kgwgk wrote:
         | By "in South America" they meant "South of America" :-)
        
       | msuniverse2026 wrote:
       | I dislike potatoes because they are not trve roots but are
       | instead tubers. Beetroot and radishes are where the real stuff is
       | happening. The potato is a vegetable of stupefaction, radishes
       | make you hyper-intelligent.
        
         | metalman wrote:
         | your comment shows that you are a real foodie, but
         | unfortunately missunderstood , or rather it was the downvoting
         | that made re read your comment and go "hey ya!, good one"
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I read it, and I must be eating too many potatoes because I
           | have no idea what they are on about.
        
             | metalman wrote:
             | somewhere, sometime, someone, will perhaps, pull a radish
             | out of there garden, wipe the dirt off and hand it to you,
             | likely demonstrating the next step of eating it....which
             | unlike your first potatoe, you will remember
        
             | nosioptar wrote:
             | It's all true. How else would Idahoans be so consistently
             | dimwitted?
        
       | stevekemp wrote:
       | Off-topic but I have to say that potatoes are incredibly easy to
       | grow, and doing so is very worthwhile.
       | 
       | I have a small planter on my balcony at the moment which is
       | thriving with leaves, and in a few weeks I'll dig out the harvest
       | to see what I got. People grow them in very poor soil, and even
       | in literal bags of compost, or buckets. They're easy-going and
       | almost trouble-free.
       | 
       | Growing chillis, tomatoes, or herbs on window-sills is kinda fun
       | and rewarding, but growing a "proper crop" feels even more
       | rewarding. And surprising because you have to wait until you dig
       | things up to see how well you did!
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | Where I am it's often not warm and dry enough through summer
         | for chillies and tomatoes. If there are a few cooler, wetter
         | weeks then they do poorly.
         | 
         | Potatoes are a bit better in that respect.
         | 
         | But in poor weather conditions, blight can easily set in on the
         | potatoes and tomatoes. Which makes it a lot less worthwhile.
        
         | Llamamoe wrote:
         | I tried planting ones I've left in storage for too long once,
         | even buried them a bit underground. The next day the only thing
         | left was snail trails ):
        
         | LarMachinarum wrote:
         | All with you on the general idea that growing potatoes is easy
         | and great. That being said, just a detail:
         | 
         | > People grow them in very poor soil, and even in literal bags
         | of compost
         | 
         | a bag of compost is pretty much the exact opposite of "very
         | poor soil"; it's about the richest soil there is.
        
           | stevekemp wrote:
           | Indeed, the point there as you don't need a planter.
           | Literally just a plastic bag of soil bought from a
           | hardware/gardening store.
           | 
           | Of course the "new soil" would be full of nutrients, etc, it
           | was more that this is possible even if you don't have a
           | garden, or other hardware. (Similar intent behind mentioning
           | the use of buckets!)
        
         | benchly wrote:
         | My wife and I did the same with two planters outside my
         | apartment, first time trying our hand at container gardening.
         | We are about 10ish days from harvest and exited to see what
         | happened. If the amount and health of the leaves are any
         | indication, we should pull a meal or two's worth out of it for
         | what amounted to very little effort and care. Fingers crossed!
         | 
         | We tried carrots, but they came out very stunted, even
         | accounting that they were a smaller variety. The container we
         | used was likely too shallow.
         | 
         | Does anyone have other vegetable suggestions for us apartment-
         | dwelling container growers to try? We have a few different size
         | containers available ranging from about (in inches) 12x12x36 to
         | 24x24x24 and space for more.
        
           | Telemark70 wrote:
           | Try dwarf French beans.
        
           | stevekemp wrote:
           | Exciting times!
           | 
           | I have to say I grew cucumbers for the first time last year,
           | and they were surprisingly good. Otherwise the only other
           | thing that comes to mind immediately is Strawberries, which
           | are also tasty and not so hard to keep up with.
        
           | steve_adams_86 wrote:
           | The most productive things I grow (temperate/cool climate in
           | coastal BC) and then actually eat/enjoy:
           | 
           | - Zucchini always grows more than we can use, but they're
           | really good. I pick them very small (~6") so the plant
           | continues producing and growing more
           | 
           | - Chard grows year-round and is very resilient and low-
           | maintenance. It's great in casseroles, soups, sautees, and
           | other cooked formats
           | 
           | - Kale is similar. It'll just keep on giving
           | 
           | - Bush beans are amazing in summer, and if you've got
           | vertical space, pole beans can be incredible producers too.
           | My 8 foot raised bed has a single row of pole beans, and I've
           | been harvesting from them for about 6 weeks with plenty more
           | to come. This single row is very densely planted, but I feed
           | it heavily and ensure it's fully exposed to the sun. With
           | enough nutrients and water, you'll get pounds of beans. Again
           | I pick them relatively small and often
           | 
           | - Nasturtiums make a beautiful flower but the leaves and
           | flowers are incredible in salads, and their seed pods can be
           | used to make a really delicious pickle/ferment as well. Throw
           | them in hanging baskets and use them to make fun salads
           | 
           | - Scallions are a fun one that can be densely planted and
           | only need 6" or so of depth. Bulb onions can be a bit more
           | sensitive and demanding, but scallions are pretty easy going.
           | I stagger the plantings throughout spring so I can harvest
           | bunches of them every few weeks. They never seem to do poorly
           | 
           | I grow lots of other stuff but I don't always eat or enjoy
           | them as much as these things. One exception is lettuces and
           | other greens/herbs, but I grow those hydroponically indoors
           | because it allows for a system that makes timing and
           | harvesting much easier so I'm more likely to ensure it
           | doesn't go to waste
        
             | benchly wrote:
             | I forgot to mention that I tried Kale but as soon as it
             | started sprouting, the local chipmunks dug it all up, but
             | left the carrots and potatoes alone. I'll have to build a
             | cage next season.
             | 
             | Definitely add your other suggestions to the list. We are
             | in Michigan, US, so harvest is soon, then Winter, so plenty
             | of time to plan and prep as we learn more about container
             | gardening.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | To get long slender carrots like you see at the supermarket I
           | think you need deep very loose soil. My dad gardened for
           | years and never had good luck with carrots. Our soil was just
           | too heavy (a lot of clay) and even with the addition of a lot
           | of sand they always grew fat and stumpy. He grew them every
           | year regardless.
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | Garlic takes a long time, but it's easy and doesn't take up
           | much space. It also repels some critters that might otherwise
           | help themselves to your crops.
        
           | emptybits wrote:
           | I second the garlic recommendation here. It is more tolerant
           | to nutrient and water variability than most crops. Slugs and
           | many other pests won't bother it.
           | 
           | If you do give it regular fertilizer and water then you can
           | plant it extremely densely, seeding just a few inches apart.
           | Great for apartment dwellers with raised bed or container
           | gardens.
           | 
           | We plant around Halloween and harvest in early July. That
           | leaves time and space for a late summer crop if you wish.
           | 
           | Also, garlic stores _very_ well. We harvest about 100 bulbs
           | each year from a small plot, maybe 2-3 sq m., and that gives
           | us garlic for a year, fresh, cured, minced (into butter or
           | pesto), and for gifts.
           | 
           | And don't even get me started on how amazing and versatile
           | garlic _scapes_ are. The scape harvest is its own prized
           | crop!
           | 
           | Added: I'm in Vancouver. Garlic seems to love the
           | overwintering process here, usually with some light snow.
        
         | macromaniac wrote:
         | I threw potatoes into the back part of my yard without burying
         | them or tending them in any way and they did quiet well. Ended
         | up dying from a freeze, I think I will throw them more
         | strategically next time.
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | One of the most gratifying things I've done in the garden was
         | grow a potato tower. The first time I used a variety which
         | doesn't root out very well from stems, so the results were
         | really disappointing. A few years later I figured out my
         | mistake and tried with a more suitable variety, and it was like
         | a vertical potato farm in a 1.5m radius. We were so excited
         | with how many potatoes came out, haha. I never expected
         | knocking down a pile of soil and discovering potatoes to be so
         | exhilarating. Especially after the first run was such a
         | disappointment
        
       | yzydserd wrote:
       | This week's episode of the BBC podcast The Infinite Monkey Cage
       | was 42 minutes of Science Comedy dedicated to the spud, featuring
       | the same expert as the OP.
       | 
       | Most interesting fact I learned was the effort going toward
       | making potato seeds (not seed potatoes).
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m002fxn7
        
       | begueradj wrote:
       | There are more than 4000 varieties of potatoes available in shops
       | around the world.
        
       | WrongOnInternet wrote:
       | You say tomato, I say potato.
        
       | alanvillalobos wrote:
       | > There are around 140 species of wild potato in South America,
       | growing from Mexico in the north all the way down to Argentina
       | and Chile in the south.
       | 
       | This one always bothers me. Mexico is in North America.
        
         | pstuart wrote:
         | Right below the Gulf of America! /s
        
         | rishi_devan wrote:
         | Perhaps the word "Latin America" would have been more apt?
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | I suppose that coincidentally works in this case where
           | they're inexplicably omitting the wild potato species in the
           | United States.
           | 
           | I personally would have just gone with "the Americas."
        
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