[HN Gopher] The Real Origin of Cisco Systems (1999)
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       The Real Origin of Cisco Systems (1999)
        
       Author : thunderbong
       Score  : 69 points
       Date   : 2025-08-04 09:48 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tcracs.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tcracs.org)
        
       | bmenrigh wrote:
       | Similar to this, RetroBytes (the Youtube channel) did a video on
       | the origin of Cisco recently which is worth a listen at 2x
       | https://youtu.be/NXTdwzjiW7E?si=bCVpmEkyf1UUCfyR
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | I just watched that, fantastic video.
        
           | pdxandi wrote:
           | I'm 10 minutes in and find the narrator is a bit hard to
           | understand. There isn't much in the video beyond the audio,
           | at least in the first part, so maybe the storytelling
           | improves. I'll keep watching later.
        
             | bmenrigh wrote:
             | Yeah the actual video content portion of his videos varies
             | a lot, but this one is basically just an essay that can be
             | listened to.
             | 
             | As for his British accent, I find him understandable at 2x
             | speed, but there are many others I can only listen to at
             | 1.5x
        
       | jeffrallen wrote:
       | In case people are suspicious/wondering about this story, it is
       | credible to me. I worked with Bill Yundt and he told the story
       | back in 1996. I've also seen the absolute lowest layers of Cisco
       | IOS for 68000's and it certainly appears to come from that era of
       | computing. One especially surprising and interesting thing to me
       | is that it uses cooperative multitasking, not preemptive. This is
       | how systems were written in those days, based on the limitations
       | of early microprocessors. (At the same time in the industry,
       | protected mode multiprocessing existed. But it was in big iron,
       | controlled by IBM, Cray, Unisys and CDC. And those are all of the
       | has-beens now: because technologies like microprocessors, even
       | with their limitations, took over the industry.)
        
         | burnte wrote:
         | I still remember when preemptive multitasking became big in the
         | X86 world in the late 80s/early 90s. It was a real sea change
         | in OS stability. DESQView was fantastic but real preemptive
         | multitasking was amazing. It was why I stayed on OS/2 until
         | 1996 or 1997.
        
           | rkagerer wrote:
           | I still like it to this day for microcontroller projects.
           | 
           | It's not that difficult to write code that iterates in chunks
           | and yields now and then. Of course you want to avoid non-
           | finite I/O calls (make use of timeout parameters where
           | available).
           | 
           | Things that need low latency (eg. counting encoder ticks) are
           | still interrupt driven (or handled by dedicated peripherals).
        
         | myrandomcomment wrote:
         | The 68K lacked an MMU, so cooperative multitasking was really
         | the only way to do it. Same reason MacOS and AmigaOS were
         | cooperative multitasking.
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | You can preemptively schedule without an MMU just fine, just
           | like there's nothing stopping multiple threads in the same
           | address space from being preemptively scheduled.
        
           | spogbiper wrote:
           | Microware OS9 implemented preemptive multitasking on the
           | motorola 6809 without an MMU back in 1980. You don't have
           | memory protection without an MMU, but you can have preemptive
           | multitasking.
        
           | mben wrote:
           | AmigaOS had preemptive multitasking.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | The only thing you need to achieve pre-emptive multitasking
           | is interrupts and the ability to cleanly save the current CPU
           | state.
           | 
           | The 68k lacked the ability to _resume with full state intact
           | after a bus fault_ , which made an off-chip MMU painful (but
           | there was one - the MC68451[1]), but this doesn't affect the
           | ability to do pre-emptive multitasking at all.
           | 
           | AmigaOS famously _did_ have preemptive multitasking - we used
           | it to mock PC and Mac users with for years.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_68451 Note that to
           | do full virtual memory with a 68k, Motorola proposed using a
           | _second_ 68k to handle page faults due to a design flaw:
           | 
           | https://retrocomputingforum.com/t/correcting-errors-by-
           | dupli...
        
       | owenthejumper wrote:
       | Yet another example of how government research drives modern
       | innovation, and how the latest assault on it by the Trump
       | administration will wipe out decades of innovation in the US
        
         | themafia wrote:
         | The irony is that the thing the government was trying to fund,
         | use of AI in medicine, was almost entirely unrealized by this
         | project.
         | 
         | It's also apparent that Xerox's involvement and willingness to
         | share it's new inventions in Ethernet with a University eager
         | to form the early Internet played a huge part in driving this
         | outcome.
         | 
         | It seems almost completely incidental that we got an early
         | implementation of a protocol router out of this. The government
         | certainly wasn't trying to create one and I'm sure if they had
         | actually involved themselves in that effort we would have
         | gotten something far worse and far more costly.
         | 
         | Since the administration wasn't capable and didn't create the
         | innovation in the first place you probably don't need to worry
         | about later administrations removing it.
        
         | mhurron wrote:
         | > Yet another example of how government research drives modern
         | innovation
         | 
         | As the article starts, that's not how Cisco, and by extension a
         | lot of Cisco employees, tell it. To a whole lot of people,
         | Trump is just clearing out lazy hangers on who are preventing
         | real innovation.
         | 
         | Cisco's story is two people working alone in their garage
         | creating IP routing.
        
           | knome wrote:
           | https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/networking/19/375.
           | ..
           | 
           | this, too, mentions Yeager as the initial developer, and that
           | CISCO licensed and enhanced his work from Stanford.
        
       | ben7799 wrote:
       | I worked at Cisco 1999-2001, it was my first job out of school. I
       | worked in a group that did network management software, so we
       | weren't touching iOS.
       | 
       | But it was kind of wild at that point there were still company
       | mailing lists where these old heads would argue about iOS
       | internals and flame each other in front of the whole company.
       | 
       | We still had a non-web bug tracking system while I was there. It
       | was an interesting era! The product I worked on did have a web
       | interface as essentially its only UI. We used Java, at some point
       | we used MS Visual J++, and this was before JSPs existed. We used
       | some proprietary templating engine to generate HTML.
        
         | gjf wrote:
         | Oh god, it wasn't ASDM for the ASA was it? Always one Java
         | update away from not being able to manage your firewalls
        
       | takinola wrote:
       | Apparently, the relationships between the executive leadership at
       | Cisco (especially Len and Sandy) were ... volatile. I took a
       | class from one of the top execs in the early days and he had so
       | many colorful stories about his time there.
        
       | ndiddy wrote:
       | Here's a complimentary article from Bill Yeager's perspective:
       | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1407787
       | 
       | > I asked Len why he wanted my source code, and he told me that
       | facilities wanted to take over the router/EtherTIP's development
       | because I couldn't dedicate myself to full-time support of the
       | system I had invented and developed with help from Mike and Benjy
       | over the past five years. This request seemed reasonable to me,
       | so I gave him the access he requested and thanked him for his
       | willingness to maintain and improve the software. I didn't know
       | that Len and Sandy Lerner had incorporated Cisco Systems a year
       | earlier or that Len might have had an ulterior motive: to do a
       | rewrite and then copyright the sources as Cisco Systems'
       | intellectual property.
       | 
       | > I learned about Cisco a year later when I was called into
       | Stanford's legal department and told to bring a hard copy of my
       | sources. Needless to say, I was a little nervous. Upon arrival, I
       | was greeted by Stanford lawyer Iris Brest, who explained Cisco's
       | existence and Len, Sandy, and Kirk's involvement. She then asked
       | me to compare the Sumex-AIM sources with the EE sources that Kirk
       | had written and tell her if I thought the work was derivative.
       | Most of the EE sources could best have been described as
       | plagiarized or paraphrased: variable names were changed,
       | subroutines were renamed, and large data structures were broken
       | into smaller ones, but identical parts abounded throughout the
       | code. Kirk had added new features and removed others, but the
       | "derivation" was obvious even to Iris who, from what I could
       | tell, didn't have a technical background. She thanked me, kept my
       | sources, and sent me on my way.
       | 
       | > Just to be clear, I didn't object to the formation of Cisco
       | Systems or its use of the code I had invented -- in fact, I was
       | pleased that work of which I was extremely proud could be used in
       | this manner. However, I did object to the theft of intellectual
       | property implicit in Cisco's copyright on the sources.
        
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       (page generated 2025-08-06 23:00 UTC)