[HN Gopher] Introduction to Computer Music
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       Introduction to Computer Music
        
       Author : hecanjog
       Score  : 233 points
       Date   : 2025-07-31 11:37 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cmtext.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cmtext.com)
        
       | latexr wrote:
       | I'm interested in the subject but not really a fan of the
       | presentation. Is there an ePUB version or similar that I'm not
       | seeing?
        
         | dakiol wrote:
         | Indeed, or a PDF. When one study these topics is way easier to
         | do so via PDFs for example: you bookmark the page and continue
         | tomorrow. If it's HTML, you need to bookmark too, but this is a
         | hassle since bookmarking creates an entry in your browser
         | bookmarks (that you need to clean up later) and if the html
         | page is too long and has no anchors, good luck remembering what
         | part you read last (not to mention that one can read a pdf
         | offline and the pdf can be archived easily). Also knowing how
         | many pages there are to read and how many you have read so far
         | is very helpful (in contrast, reading a website is rather
         | tiring since you don't know how far are you or how much is
         | left)
        
       | larodi wrote:
       | Quickly read thorough it, is indeed a nice introductory read.
       | Recommending, may be suitable for 10th-12th graders also.
        
       | aa-jv wrote:
       | Its a good read, provides a good introduction - but imho, loopops
       | incomplete guide to electronic music is a much better investment
       | of time and energy ..
       | 
       | http://patreon.com/loopop
       | 
       | .. very definitely worth the effort to get it downloaded for
       | offline reading, also.
        
         | gramie wrote:
         | Loopop's guide looks interesting, but to unlock the book I had
         | to join (for free) the Patreon channel. Then it immediately
         | tells me that to unlock the book I have to become a paid
         | member.
         | 
         | It turns out that the free tier only gets you notifications
         | when new content is published; to read that content, you have
         | to pay.
         | 
         | I wouldn't mind paying, but dislike the bait and switch
         | approach.
        
           | Fraterkes wrote:
           | His patreon is really explicit about what you get for what
           | tiers. I get that the patreon ui is pretty confusing, but
           | that's not his fault
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | > but that's not his fault
             | 
             | He chooses to utilize Patreon for his business, so it
             | really is, at least partially.
        
               | Fraterkes wrote:
               | My condolences, you are annoying.
        
           | mkesper wrote:
           | Come on, you can join for one month, download the up to date
           | version and leave again. Not too much asked for such a
           | ressource.
        
             | MomsAVoxell wrote:
             | Yes, it's definitely worth it, in my opinion. Loopops book
             | is easily one of the most powerful collections of knowledge
             | of electronic music production out there.
             | 
             | I've been making electronic music since the 80's and still
             | find the regular updates from loopop titillating and
             | inspiring.
        
       | richrichardsson wrote:
       | No mention of Daphne Oram [1] in the history of electronic music.
       | :(
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Oram
        
         | Mouvelie wrote:
         | Thanks, did not know about her, will check out her book !
        
           | laxd wrote:
           | Birds of Parallax from 9:45 onwards is my favorite. They had
           | this on repeat in an electronic music history exhibition I
           | attended in a London museum some ... counting... 12 years
           | ago.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/lNTZh0jHOvs?t=585
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | The whole of BBC/radiophonic workshop are not there, maybe it's
         | a bit US centered..
        
         | vodou wrote:
         | She wrote a "treatise" on electronic music called _An
         | Individual Note of Music, Sound and Electronics_. From the back
         | cover:
         | 
         | "[...] a fascinating glimpse into the creative mind behind the
         | Oramics machine. In this engaging account of the possibilities
         | of electronic sound, Oram touches on acoustics, mathematics,
         | cybernetics and esoteric thought, but always returns to the
         | human, urging us to 'see whether we can break open watertight
         | compartments and glance anew' at the world around us."
         | 
         | http://www.anomie-publishing.com/coming-soon-daphne-oram-an-...
        
         | waffletower wrote:
         | If it makes you feel better, when I taught the history of
         | electronic music I introduced students to Daphne Oram.
        
         | gizajob wrote:
         | Daphne Oram didn't use computers. Check the title of the book.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | Neither did Stockhausen, Schaffer, Les Paul or the Tape Music
           | Lab.
        
       | brcmthrowaway wrote:
       | Any way to compose compelling electronic music without having to
       | spend time learning a commercial app like Ableton?
        
         | mfro wrote:
         | Learning the app is not the difficult part. It is honing your
         | style within the toolset you're comfortable with. Every DAW has
         | its pain points and learning curve. Spend a few hours a week
         | with each and see which one works for you, is my advice. Same
         | as any other tool, you can't create effectively until you've
         | become comfortable with it.
        
         | jamboca wrote:
         | Literally hundreds or even thousands of ways, physical
         | instrument such as sequencer/sampler, other DAWs. It's not
         | about learning a commercial app it's about understanding
         | principles of music production irrelevant of your platform.
         | Just pick one and go: your ears won't know any difference
        
         | lynx97 wrote:
         | You'll have to spend time learning whatever tool you are going
         | to employ. If commercial is the issue... Have a look at
         | SuperCollider. It has a learning curve, new programming
         | language and all that. But the flexibility and actual software
         | architecture is pretty unmatched in its own nieche IMO.
        
           | brcmthrowaway wrote:
           | I haven't heard anything nice from SuperCollider
        
             | nyeah wrote:
             | Me either. Links or no downvotes, bruhs.
        
         | briangriffinfan wrote:
         | There are open source trackers like Famitracker, and there are
         | kinda-sorta-half-decent open source DAWs now like Ardour and
         | LMMS.
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | Eurorack?
         | 
         | But it won't save you time.
         | 
         | Or money.
        
           | poulpy123 wrote:
           | except if it's VCVRack (for money)
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | Might as well use Ableton.
        
         | fssys wrote:
         | puredata or supercollider - although I would honestly recommend
         | Max/MSP over either (but it is commercial). Ableton is great
         | and most DAWs in general are useful and quite similar so the
         | skills are transferable, but they do lend themselves to
         | specific orthodox kinds of composition, dance music and sound
         | collage basically.
        
         | bezko wrote:
         | https://vcvrack.com/ and https://www.youtube.com/c/omricohen-
         | music
        
         | whilenot-dev wrote:
         | So many to choose from (in alphabetical order)...
         | 
         | - Bytebeat: https://dollchan.net/bytebeat/ (https://greggman.co
         | m/downloads/examples/html5bytebeat/html5b... !Warning loud!)
         | 
         | - Cardinal: https://cardinal.kx.studio/live
         | 
         | - Glicol: https://glicol.org
         | 
         | - Kabelsalat: https://kabel.salat.dev
         | 
         | - NoiseCraft: https://noisecraft.app
         | 
         | - Strudel: https://strudel.cc
         | (https://github.com/terryds/awesome-strudel)
         | 
         | - Tidal Cycles: https://tidalcycles.org
        
           | nyeah wrote:
           | You're really going to dump a total newbie into simulated
           | rack synths, computer music languages, and whatnot? In order
           | to "save time" over learning a DAW?
           | 
           | I'm sympathetic to some of what you're plugging. Really. I
           | love VCVRack. But have mercy!
        
             | theSuda wrote:
             | I am one of those newbies and I spent way too much of my
             | morning going through all of these. :D
             | 
             | I love Ableton though. You can google any random thing
             | about it and get an answer somewhere because it's so widely
             | used. Dunno what OP has against it. It's not hard to come
             | by Ableton Live Lite license for free. I think just buying
             | their iphone app gives you access to Lite license.
        
         | dv_dt wrote:
         | I have been seeing a few DJ with livestreams composing with
         | Strudel. It's a live web repl programming based approach. I
         | don't think it necessarily scales to professional use, but it's
         | a reasonable intro to the core concepts.
         | 
         | I've gone through the tutorial and it was honestly the most fun
         | I've had on the web in a while.
         | 
         | https://strudel.cc/workshop/getting-started/
        
           | Karrot_Kream wrote:
           | Hey thanks I hadn't heard of this.
        
         | rs186 wrote:
         | It's like asking whether you can do serious photography without
         | Photoshop/Lightroom or create games without Unreal/Unity. The
         | answer is you can, but do you really want to? Your most
         | important goal is to use a tool to get the job done. The tool
         | is a method to get there, not something you want to fight with.
        
           | duped wrote:
           | It's more like when kids start taking music lessons. Most
           | parents aren't going to spend more than $100-200 on an
           | instrument, in case the kid decides they want to quit. But
           | the entrypoint for virtually any instrument that you could
           | call "playable" is usually north of $500 (which also competes
           | against a massive supply of used instruments from people that
           | spent $500+ and then quit).
           | 
           | There's nothing wrong with playing around with Reaper,
           | Garageband, BandLab, or any of the more entry level
           | "instruments" in this analogy. Preferable even, if you don't
           | want to blow hundreds of bucks on a program.
        
             | mrob wrote:
             | You can get perfectly playable electric guitars in the $100
             | to $200 price range. It might need some setup first but you
             | can learn to do that yourself from online videos. Modern
             | mass production means popular instruments can be excellent
             | value for money.
        
               | duped wrote:
               | Sure, but keep in mind that's not how people who have
               | never picked up an instrument think. It takes a level of
               | expertise to get there. The point is that cheap is fine
               | for beginners, while the more expensive stuff is worth it
               | for serious practitioners.
        
               | nyeah wrote:
               | I'm sure it seems that way to you, but for people who
               | never touched an electric guitar before that's going to
               | be torture. You need an instrument that you really want
               | to pick up and play, that stays in tune, etc. It doesn't
               | need to be $1500, but at $150 they better have an uncle
               | who's a guitar tech.
               | 
               | I have an old Gibson Marauder that rapidly gets out of
               | tune. So far no shop has been able to do anything about
               | that. It would probably go for $400 or more retail, to a
               | beginner who doesn't notice (or thinks the problem is
               | his/her fault). But it's no fun to play. Chords sound
               | bad. And that kind of thing is not unusual.
        
               | ofalkaed wrote:
               | >You need an instrument that you really want to pick up
               | and play, that stays in tune, etc. It doesn't need to be
               | $1500, but at $150 they better have an uncle who's a
               | guitar tech.
               | 
               | If you really want to play you will play regardless of
               | the instrument you have. Like many, I started with cheap
               | instruments, so I figured out how to fix them or at least
               | make them better. I was 12 and wanted to play guitar, my
               | parents were not willing to spend money on it and just
               | found some handme downs from the relatives, and I made it
               | work because I wanted to play guitar. Ended up teaching
               | myself lutherie, made some money, made some instruments.
               | These days it is easier than ever to maintain your own
               | instrument with the internet to answer all your
               | questions, I had to learn to repair and maintain my
               | guitar by working backwards from books on construction
               | since that is all my library had.
               | 
               | >So far no shop has been able to do anything about that.
               | 
               | It is an issue with the bridge, the nut, and or the
               | tuners, on a guitar of that age it is a fair chance it is
               | a combination of all three. I am guessing you are
               | bringing the instrument to normal guitar shops that
               | primarily do sales and lack anyone even remotely
               | competent when it comes to repair.
        
               | nyeah wrote:
               | Thanks. I think that's all valuable context for a
               | beginner thinking about using a very low-priced guitar.
        
               | bpc777 wrote:
               | I have been playing for 50 years at this point. I'm
               | currently playing something similar to this (0) bought at
               | GC for $329 and while the knobs and jack could stand to
               | be replaced (especially if you are performing) it plays
               | and sounds great. You do not need to spend more than $500
               | to get a solid electric guitar these days. You can
               | definitely spend a lot more for a top tier brand like
               | Fender, Gibson, PRS, Suhr, etc... but there is a lot of
               | good value between $250 - $500.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.guitarcenter.com/Gretsch-
               | Guitars/G5210-P90-Elect...
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Reaper is not an "entry level instrument". It is a low
             | cost, but full featured DAW. Garageband and BandLab are
             | beginner DAWs, though for many they might work just fine
             | for a long time or even for ever, depending on someone's
             | goals and aspirations.
        
               | duped wrote:
               | Didn't mean to say imply it wasn't. I'd say Logic is also
               | priced like an entry level tool, yet fully featured.
        
         | mclau157 wrote:
         | Look up DJ Dave and using Strudel to make music, its fun!
        
         | rollcat wrote:
         | Honorable mention: FruityLoops. I remember it from high school,
         | 2006, we've had a hand-me-down 486 with maybe 32mb RAM? The
         | boys made some great loops, I brought a guitar, we ran a
         | freakin live hip hop show, standing ovations, FL delivered.
        
           | thrtythreeforty wrote:
           | If you bought FL back then, you should still have a license
           | for the latest FL Studio! They offer lifetime updates, which
           | is a pretty good offer if you like the software. (I use
           | Bitwig which doesn't, but I find it worth the tradeoff.)
        
         | Slow_Hand wrote:
         | As opposed to what? Spending time learning any of the
         | alternative tools out there? Everything you do is going to have
         | a learning curve, so you might as well start learning the tool
         | that does what you want.
         | 
         | If you don't want to use a computer, you could write and
         | perform exclusively using hardware. Like a modular synthesizer,
         | or a standalone synth, or an Elektron box (Digitakt, Digitone,
         | etc).
        
         | nyeah wrote:
         | If you want to make "normal" electronic music (and never tried
         | before), use GarageBand on an iPad. It's easier to learn than
         | Ableton et al. because GarageBand has reasonable settings built
         | in. I.e. it will make sounds right away, without endless
         | screwing around. (You might even try GarageBand on a phone, if
         | the screen is large enough.)
         | 
         | If you want to make "experimental" music then ... you'll have
         | to experiment. Most of the recommendations in these comments
         | are aimed at experimental music.
         | 
         | Most things labeled "computer music" belong to a very specific
         | retro experimental music aesthetic, literally dating back to
         | the era when you could barely make music on a computer at all.
         | Much of this music was heavily influenced by academic workers.
         | That may be exactly what you're looking for! On the other hand
         | if you're not quite sure what I'm talking about, then be aware
         | that "computer music" is not the only, or even the sanest, way
         | to make music on your computer.
        
           | bpc777 wrote:
           | Agreed! If you have an Apple device GarageBand is the best
           | way to get started.
        
             | bpc777 wrote:
             | Once you start getting into many tracks and advanced
             | routing it seems like the choice (for me at least) is Logic
             | Pro or Ableton Live. And I find Ableton much more fun to
             | use when I want to jam, whereas Logic feels more like
             | programming which is also great. FL Studio is also lots of
             | fun. Try various options and see what fits best with what
             | you are trying to do.
        
         | xoac wrote:
         | Learning a bit of ableton is the least hard part of making
         | compelling electronic music. Bitwig is fine as well. There is
         | such a deluge of people eager to teach you via youtube or udemy
         | etc.
        
         | ofalkaed wrote:
         | Sure, but what will work for you will depend on what you
         | consider "compelling electronic music," it is a big and diverse
         | field and each have different tools which suit them. Without
         | having some idea about your interests and direction in
         | electronic music, you will just get a massive list of random
         | applications which may or may not work for your goals.
        
         | bpc777 wrote:
         | Ableton Live is very intuitive and there is a lite version that
         | is bundled with some interfaces
         | (https://www.ableton.com/en/products/live-
         | lite/features/?pk_v...). It has been years so I don't remember
         | which interface / version I started with but I quickly fell in
         | love and upgraded to the full version. The time I have spent
         | learning it has been fun and worthwhile, so maybe give it a
         | try.
        
       | i_am_proteus wrote:
       | Another fine text on this subject I can recommend (at a somewhat
       | higher level, and not provided for free) is The Computer Music
       | Tutorial:
       | 
       | https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262044912/the-computer-music-tu...
       | 
       | I suggest having some kind of sequencer and synthesizers (one
       | subtractive, one FM) available to play with while reading. Free
       | VSTs in the free Reaper DAW are a fine starting point.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Reaper can be downloaded without paying anything for it. But in
         | a wink-wink strategy, continued use of it after a certain
         | period of time is supposed to be accompanied by paying for a
         | license. This is not enforced. You can call this free if you
         | wish, but it's all a bit wobbly.
         | 
         | Also, if you want to play with synthesis, then VCV Rack, which
         | is truly free (but also comes in a for-cost version with a few
         | more features) is likely the right place to start, or its even
         | free-er cousin/fork Cardinal (which can even be run in your
         | browser)
         | 
         | https://cardinal.kx.studio/ https://vcvrack.com/
        
       | JoeDaDude wrote:
       | "Computer Music" is a very broad term (no surprises here) so,
       | like many here, I can point out topics that are not covered. In
       | particular, computer music (aka algorithmic) composition [1], or
       | very recent AI techniques like the Google seq2seq example at [2],
       | or the (unpublished, but probably a form of generative
       | adversarial networks) techniques used by SunoAI and Udio.
       | 
       | [1]. https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~blackrse/algorithm.html
       | 
       | [2]. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2301.11325
        
         | waffletower wrote:
         | "Computer Music" is also a fairly conventional academic musical
         | genre exploring elements of electro-acoustic, acousmatic,
         | musique concrete, synthesis, algorithmic and serial composition
         | techniques.
        
       | MarcelOlsz wrote:
       | Alternatively there is Curtis Roads' "The Computer Music
       | Tutorial" [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262044912/the-computer-music-
       | tu...
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | The second edition is almost a complete rewrite - much more up
         | to date, but loses some of the core nerdiness of the original.
         | 
         | It's worth mentioning that "computer music" in the original
         | sense was more about generative compositions and experiments
         | with synthesis and DSP, all controlled and generated by hand-
         | written software.
         | 
         | DAWs are much more emulations of a traditional recording studio
         | that happen to run on a computer. So although a computer is
         | involved, they're not "computer music" in the traditional
         | sense.
         | 
         | The difference is that you can do far more with languages like
         | Supercollider. Max, PD, and Csound, especially when controlled
         | with custom code.
         | 
         | But they're much harder to work with. Unlike DAWs and VSTs,
         | they're not optimised for commercial production values. This
         | makes them more experimental and more of a niche interest.
         | 
         | There isn't a lot of notable pure computer music around outside
         | of academia. The biggest success was probably the THX Deep
         | Note. BT made some albums with (mostly) Csound. Autechre used
         | Max quite heavily. Holly Herndon is another name.
         | 
         | So commercially, DAWs are everywhere, but there's no huge
         | commercial computer music fan scene in its own right.
        
       | spacechild1 wrote:
       | Just slimmed some chapters, but this looks like a great resource!
       | If someone wants to dive more deeply into digital synthesis, I
       | can recommend "The Theory and Technique of Electronic Music" by
       | Miller Puckette (creator of Max and Pure Data):
       | https://msp.ucsd.edu/techniques/latest/book.pdf. All examples are
       | actually Pure Data patches that you can try out and experiment
       | with.
        
       | jschveibinz wrote:
       | Let's not forget the contributions of Bernie Hutchins
       | (Electronotes):
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/electronotes-meh-ebgpcc-torrent
       | 
       | https://www.timstinchcombe.co.uk/synth/Electronotes_EN_index...
       | 
       | The full set is very rare--but what a treasure trove of high
       | quality material.
        
       | BlandDuck wrote:
       | I judge technical explanations of audio gear by their description
       | of balanced signals. A common error is to focus on the positive
       | and negative signals having opposite polarity, which is entirely
       | irrelevant for canceling out interference (it may improve
       | headroom, but what is actually important for eliminating common
       | mode noise is to have identical impedance with respect to
       | ground).
       | 
       | I would say this text fails this test, which gives me pause. The
       | description is: "The two conductors carry the same signal, but
       | with reverse polarity (meaning that one conductor carries a
       | signal that is the mirror image of the other). If external noise
       | and interference enters the cable, it will probably affect both
       | conductors equally."
        
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       (page generated 2025-07-31 23:00 UTC)