[HN Gopher] The rise and fall of the Hanseatic League
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The rise and fall of the Hanseatic League
        
       Author : loeber
       Score  : 150 points
       Date   : 2025-07-23 08:36 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (worksinprogress.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (worksinprogress.co)
        
       | KingOfCoders wrote:
       | I live in an Hanseatic League city (Stralsund) and the city still
       | owns lots of land and is a rich one, hundreds of years later
       | (though insignificant today).
        
         | yu3zhou4 wrote:
         | Same here with Gdansk, Poland. You can see the same Hanseatic
         | influence even in this he architecture
        
           | cenamus wrote:
           | I was amazed when I visited, you can see just how much it
           | looks like other Hanse-cities, Bremen for example. Of course
           | a lot of it is newly constructed/restored, because there
           | wasn't much left after the German did their thing with Poland
           | in WW2
        
             | zurfer wrote:
             | Little nitpic, Gdansk was a free city, neither Polish nor
             | German when nazis annexed it in 1939. Most of the
             | destruction happened in 1945 because of fighting with the
             | red army.
        
             | KingOfCoders wrote:
             | And the Russians. For some reasons everyone seems to forget
             | that the invasion of Poland (and other East European
             | countries) was a joint operation by Germany and Russia (not
             | to diminish any atrocities etc. perpetuated by Germans).
             | 
             | Especially in this case, because the city was also called
             | Danzig before and (after various owners over the centuries,
             | mostly Polish [0]) was co-owned-German (free city, German
             | leaning because of ethnicity) at the time of WW2.
             | Destruction should then have been (haven't verified that)
             | by the Red Army (again not to diminish any German war
             | crimes - also [1]).
             | 
             | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Westerplatte
        
               | rpastuszak wrote:
               | Ha, my high school was named after a related event (https
               | ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_of_the_Polish_Post_Off..
               | .)
               | 
               | Also known for a song about three boys, the youngest of
               | whom--who, to put it mildly, didn't have his life
               | together--made a choice. (This is heavy dad-humour
               | though.)                   Trzech synow matka miala,
               | Dwoch slynelo z madrosci,         A trzeci, co byl glupi,
               | Poszedl do lacznosci!
               | 
               | That said, it's a paraphrase of an older song about WWI.
               | 
               | (the school was fine, and my dorm was a constant nerd-
               | fest, so I am not complaining)
        
               | geokon wrote:
               | i think its because the germans deliberately destroyed
               | cities, like Warsaw (not sure if it was done as
               | systemstically in other cities). they literally dynamited
               | the old city and levelled it to the ground
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_Warsaw
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabst_Plan
               | 
               | Krakow was famously deliberately spared on Hitler's
               | orders
               | 
               | i dont think the soviets did the equivalent. And they
               | poured a lot of resources in to restoring the old town in
               | warsaw after the war
               | 
               | Id love to be corrected if im wrong
        
               | pirate787 wrote:
               | Both Russia and Germany engaged in scorched earth
               | destruction when on the retreat.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbCGhqhKK-8
        
               | KingOfCoders wrote:
               | So you agree it was a joint military operation and
               | everyone forgets that, but want to add the Germans were
               | worse, which made everyone forget it was a joint
               | operation?
        
               | bragh wrote:
               | Trying to paint Russians as the good guys, in 2025?
               | 
               | > The most extensive and destructive of the Soviet air
               | assaults was carried out on 9-10 March 1944 in connection
               | with the Battle of Narva. A week before, the mayor of
               | Tallinn had given an order to the city dwellers to leave
               | the town, but the evacuation failed, as the extent of the
               | attack was beyond the expectations of the local people
               | and the German Army Group North. The first attack, from
               | 6:30 - 9:00 pm, saw 300 aircraft drop 3068 bombs, 1725
               | explosive and 1300 incendiary.[4][5][3] Bombers hit the
               | capital again at 2 a.m. for an additional hour and a
               | half.[3] The fire brigades were scarce on water, as
               | Soviet saboteurs had blown up the city pumping station
               | before the air raid. A large part of the wooden suburbs
               | went up in flames, and the city centre suffered major
               | damage. In all, about twenty percent of the buildings in
               | Tallinn were burnt to the ground.[3]
               | 
               | > Military damage was minor, with a few military
               | installations and supply stores destroyed. The major
               | military loss was the burning of a million litres of fuel
               | in the fuel depot. Of the enterprises with some military
               | importance, the "Luther" plywood factory and the Urania-
               | Werke-run cable factory were destroyed. Most of the bombs
               | fell on the dwellings and public buildings, including the
               | Estonia Theatre, St. Nicholas Church, the city synagogue,
               | four cinemas, and the Tallinn City Archives.[6]
               | 
               | > According to the official report, 757 people were
               | killed, of whom 586 were civilians, 50 were military
               | personnel, and 121 were prisoners-of-war. 213 had serious
               | injuries, 446 had minor injuries. Amongst the injured
               | were 65 military servicemen and 75 prisoners-of-war.
               | Later, more victims were found, with the number of deaths
               | estimated at up to 800.[5] More than 20,000 people were
               | left without a shelter in the spring thaw, while the
               | military objects were almost untouched.[4][7] Immediately
               | after the bombing raid Finnish air force bombers followed
               | returning Soviet bombers to three military airbases near
               | Leningrad and bombed them.[8] During the attack, fuel
               | tanks were destroyed and ca 25 Soviet airplanes were shot
               | down in Tallinn with an additional ten destroyed by the
               | Finnish Air Force (Ilmavoimat) later the same night.[3]
               | Finland's actions prevented a third attack wave, likely
               | saving Tallinn's old city from complete destruction.[9]
        
               | atlasunshrugged wrote:
               | Shameless plug for Tallinn but as I used to live there I
               | have to also mention that despite the Soviets efforts the
               | old town is well-preserved, lovely, and definitely worth
               | a visit! I put together a visitors guide after a
               | monthlong visit this May in case its useful:
               | https://www.rebootinganation.com/exploring-tallinn
        
               | cenamus wrote:
               | Of course. But I'm the Russians did not make sure to
               | level any building over three stories in basically any
               | Polish city during their retreat
        
       | funnymunny wrote:
       | I would HIGHLY recommend visiting Visby (and Gotland, Sweden in
       | general) for anyone interested in this sort of history
        
         | perihelions wrote:
         | There's a remarkable painting depicting that (Hanseatic-era
         | Visby). I'd always been fascinated by the hats.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdemar_Atterdag_holding_Visb...
         | ( _" Valdemar Atterdag holding Visby to ransom, 1361"_)
        
           | wood_spirit wrote:
           | In the battle the local farmers resisted the Danes as they
           | retreated to the walls of the town where the townsfolk didn't
           | let them in. They were slaughtered and then the townsfolk
           | surrendered. The mass graves of the farmers have been a major
           | archeological excavation.
        
             | woodpanel wrote:
             | looks like the urbanites always had a lack of compassion
             | for the ruralites.
        
       | dgan wrote:
       | "Patrician II/III", anyone ? my favorite game when i was kid,
       | second only to Civilization
        
         | thatspartan wrote:
         | Ahh, half-timbered houses, parties and pirate hunting. It was a
         | nice day when GoG put it up as one of their good old games.
        
         | alecsm wrote:
         | I wanted Imperium III and I got Patrician III by mistake. I
         | didn't know how to play it at first as it wasn't your typical
         | strategy game but after a while it became my favorite game.
         | 
         | I ended up controlling the whole Hanseatic League from Lubeck.
         | 
         | Good times.
        
           | dgan wrote:
           | Lubeck wasn't even the "best" for anything
           | 
           | i distinctly remember the "beer from Gdansk -> Textile from
           | Malmo -> sell everything in Lubeck" route
        
             | alecsm wrote:
             | No, it wasn't the best but it's the first city I picked and
             | I ended up liking it the most.
             | 
             | Also I think it was the easiest wealthy city to raid as a
             | pirate, so you could donate a lot of money as a mayor and
             | then steal it as a pirate only to donate it again and earn
             | reputation.
        
         | spankibalt wrote:
         | The first title of the series either came bundled with my first
         | sound card, or I bought it separately at the same time.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | I enjoyed _" Die Fugger"_ a lot. Unfortunately it never saw the
         | success of _" The Patrician"_.
         | 
         | The following funny little side story might have contributed to
         | that:
         | 
         | The game's publisher Sonflower was sued by a descendant of the
         | Fugger family because they claimed the game puts the name of
         | his family in a bad light. They won and _" Die Fugger II"_
         | could not be sold anymore. _" Die Fugger III"_ appeared under
         | the name _" Die Gilde"_.
        
           | fleischhauf wrote:
           | die Fugger, best Game of my childhood! thanks for the
           | reminder!
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | Oh, didn't know the game I know as "The Guild" had a longer
           | past.
           | 
           | It had 2 more sequels after Die Gilde, in fact.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | When I was an exchange student in Germany, the host family had
         | _Hanse: Die Expedition_ [1] on their computer, which they
         | explained to me but I also had to kind of feel my way through,
         | not being completely fluent in German. You'd play as a
         | merchant, sending out salt to other ports to trade for goods.
         | Each turn was a year, and it would go through many generations,
         | the goal being to contribute enough from your profits to build
         | a cathedral.
         | 
         | Other things I remember:
         | 
         | - When you'd die, you'd pick an heir from your kids. They would
         | be described as (sometimes you were supposed to understand as)
         | being skilled at either fighting, exploring, or trading. If you
         | didn't have an old enough one to pick, you'd have to pay a lot
         | for some godparent to take over in the interim.
         | 
         | - You could raise capital by selling shares in your operation,
         | but the more shares outstanding, the more interest (Zinsen)
         | you'd have to pay. (You could also buy them back, but they'd be
         | more expensive when you had a good year.)
         | 
         | - If you couldn't pay your obligations, you'd lose a turn to
         | the Schuldturm (debtor's prison, lit. "debt tower").
         | 
         | - You could send explorers to find more lucrative ports,
         | Novgorod being a good one.
         | 
         | - Depending on the weather, you might lose ships. Sometimes you
         | wouldn't want to send any out, in which case it would warn you,
         | "Keine Koggen auf der See! Zug wirklich beenden?" ("No cogs[2]
         | on the sea! Really end turn?")
         | 
         | - You would get random events each turn, one of them being a
         | soothsayer that would offer to predict your fortune. They would
         | then give you the option to pay for extra advice, which would
         | always be "Don't trust charlatans!"
         | 
         | - As your empire expanded, you'd be promoted in rank, some of
         | the higher ones being Senator or Patrician.
         | 
         | - There would be battles, as nobles would sometimes attack your
         | ports.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.mobygames.com/game/9273/hanse-die-expedition/
         | 
         | [2] A kind of ship used back then (also mentioned in the
         | article as replacing the Knarr):
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cog_(ship)?useskin=vector
        
       | webslung wrote:
       | If you're interested in merchant trade especially on the sea,
       | explore the history from 970-931 BCE. It's incredibly
       | interesting.
        
         | nkzd wrote:
         | Any specific recommendation? I'd like to watch a documentary on
         | it.
        
           | hnthrowaway3000 wrote:
           | Found some:
           | 
           | History Channel Documentary - King Solomon And The Queen Of
           | Sheba https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VE9-6kHW6Q
           | 
           | The Priceless Treasure Of The Queen Of Sheba | Myth Hunters
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Tpoz1rGuM
           | 
           | The Story of the Queen of Sheba
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JSPuFjFeuYQ
           | 
           | The Queen of Sheba's Mysterious Legacy (S2, E8)
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xq32h2zzg5o
           | 
           | Sheba: The Lost Kingdom of the Queen
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySHMIeJW3lE
           | 
           | The Lost Gold of King Solomon (S1, E7)
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjWG4geGLHQ
           | 
           | The Naked Archaeologist 206 - The Legacy of King Solomon Part
           | 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGjETo2221k
           | 
           | The Entire History of the Phoenicians (2500 - 300 BC) Ancient
           | History https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-p8OZz5KJoo
           | 
           | The Phoenicians: Princes of the Sea
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLHj1n9VTdI
           | 
           | History of the Phoenicians: The Maritime Superpowers
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mU4aU5yoyp4
           | 
           | Revealing a Lost Mediterranean Civilization from the Levant
           | to Spain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmp-d6XhQjM
           | 
           | The Quest For The Phoenicians
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBObLQZdeq8
           | 
           | Quest for the Phoenicians (National Geographic Documentary)
           | https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9hsjf8
           | 
           | The Phoenicians Before Columbus Expedition | WYL Ep. 201
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcnYtAqn0iw
           | 
           | Phoenicians Before Columbus - Video for the Explorer's Club
           | NY https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-jjFiiosh7A
           | 
           | Ancient Egypt - When Egyptians Ruled the Sea | FD Ancient
           | History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGTXqmbM-0w
           | 
           | When Ancient Egyptians Ruled the Sea
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RMuyEyCDTw
           | 
           | Sea Peoples: The Ancient Warriors Who Challenged Egypt
           | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/i0XTCjjg3mQ
           | 
           | Sea Peoples and the Bronze Age Collapse
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CB7bo4f6E8
           | 
           | 1177 B.C.: When Civilization Collapsed
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=M4LRHJlijVU
           | 
           | The Minoans | Ancient Worlds
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VJqnTlbCS0
           | 
           | The Surprisingly Sophisticated Conveniences of Mycenae
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VmObzEWIEA
           | 
           | Ancient Sailing Ships from Bronze Age Scandinavia
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-aFoy25t_Ns
           | 
           | The Nordic Bronze Age: Best Time to Ever be Alive
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_yKrkna1Dc
           | 
           | Lost Worlds of the Mediterranean | Drain the Oceans
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmH4FDs3yl0
           | 
           | Explore the Hidden Wonders of Jordan and Iran with
           | Christopher Clark https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeF_Y4OU9ow
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | Man I hate to ask for a non-video resource after your link
             | generosity, but if you know one, I'll be that guy.
        
             | codethief wrote:
             | > History Channel Documentary - King Solomon And The Queen
             | Of Sheba
             | 
             | Thanks, I just spent 2 months in Ethiopia and have been
             | wanting to learn more about Queen Sheba!
        
       | Bridged7756 wrote:
       | I thought of the Hanza from the Metro books. I guess my European
       | history knowledge isn't that great.
        
       | m0d0nne11 wrote:
       | Firstly, the article is appreciated - thanks. Now a minor gripe:
       | several links I've clicked for further info point at paywalled
       | matter, even for straightforward explanatory stuff like
       | "moldboard plows" and, yes - I can go find info about such plows
       | elsewhere but it breaks the stride when all that's needed is a
       | sentence or two for clarification, not somebody's curated PhD
       | thesis... ;->
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | Hansa wasn't a democracy or an autocracy -- in my understanding,
       | it was an entirely consensus-based organization. At the Bremen
       | town hall, I learned about the tagfahrt, where they would wait
       | for the representatives to come to consensus. Once they started
       | the meeting, it would continue for days until they actually
       | reached consensus.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Just like European Council or NATO.
         | 
         | In European Council proposal will only be adopted if all member
         | states are in agreeance. Formal voting does not take place, the
         | member states deliberate until they reach general agreement.
         | 
         | NATO is the same. Any Article consultations like Article 4, or
         | 5 end with consensus. One country can water it down.
         | 
         | Consensus based does not mean equal. Big participants usually
         | throw their weight around a lot.
        
       | ecshafer wrote:
       | There is a great podcast, The History of the Germans, that have a
       | season on the Hanseatic League. Its a great podcast if you enjoy
       | history in general, the host isn't a professor or anything, but
       | he does a great job with research and also makes interesting
       | connections with how certain events were interpreted by German
       | Nationalists, Fascists, Modern Day, etc. which is interesting.
       | 
       | https://historyofthegermans.com/hanseatic-league/
        
       | eatonphil wrote:
       | Hamburg is mentioned in the article but not shown on the map?
        
         | aswegs8 wrote:
         | It just shows the Kontors
        
       | junon wrote:
       | If you are ever in the Hamburg area, I _highly_ recommend making
       | a day trip with the Regional train up to Lubeck to visit the
       | Hanse Museum.
       | 
       | It's one of the most beautifully designed museums on a specific
       | topic like this I've ever seen (it's also very accessible). The
       | entire museum and all of its stations are translated into various
       | languages by scanning a card you set up at the beginning,
       | including customizing your information experience with certain
       | topics you're particularly interested in (I chose naval
       | architecture, if memory serves).
       | 
       | There's a cute coffee shop or two right there in the complex too,
       | and the entirety of Lubeck is a beautiful, cozy area too. Many of
       | the old Hanseatic buildings still stand as they were relatively
       | untouched by the war.
       | 
       | Another hour in the same direction on the train takes you to the
       | Travemunde beaches which are also gorgeous. Makes for a good day
       | trip.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | And if you always wanted to visit Hamburg you could easily
         | combine it with attending Chaos Communication Congress. Two
         | birds with one stone!
         | 
         | Other nerdy things to do there:
         | 
         | - Visit the container terminals of Europe's third busiest port
         | 
         | - Go to the Miniaturwunderland
         | 
         | - If you are into architecture or music: Elbphilharmonie
        
           | willvarfar wrote:
           | Yeap have heard from (grown up!) friends about
           | https://www.miniatur-wunderland.com/ and always wanted to
           | visit!
        
           | elcapitan wrote:
           | > easily combine it with attending Chaos Communication
           | Congress
           | 
           | "Easily" as in "26th to 30th of December, and tickets are
           | available on three days in November if you can click fast
           | enough" ;)
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | I hear you but 26th to 30th of December is the perfect
             | time, what else are going to do in this otherwise useless
             | part of the year? Have family? Bring them, C3 is a pretty
             | family friendly event.
             | 
             | Also, clicking fast is what we nerds excel at, right;-)
             | 
             | More seriously, when it comes to tickets my impression was
             | that the post-pandemic years were pretty relaxed with only
             | last year becoming more difficult again.
        
               | elcapitan wrote:
               | I've been to C3 when it was in Berlin, then in Hamburg,
               | then in Leipzig, but haven't been to it since it's back
               | in Hamburg after the pandemic - before that it was always
               | a bit of a fight with crashing ticket systems and other
               | people's perl scripts :D So not necessarily my definition
               | of something that you can easily just do on a spontaneous
               | visit to Hamburg ;)
        
           | hermitcrab wrote:
           | >Visit the container terminals of Europe's third busiest port
           | 
           | I wish more big industrial sites were set up for tourist
           | access: mines, quarries, dams, ports etc. But maybe I'm just
           | strange.
        
       | danans wrote:
       | > The next year, Edward II reaffirmed Hansa merchants' freedom
       | from taxes, travel, and arrest in exchange for PS1,000 (which
       | would have been three percent of the Crown's total annual tax
       | revenues). Remarkably, he even promised that neither he nor
       | subsequent kings would place new restrictions on the Hansa
       | without their consent. These privileges ensured that Hanseatic
       | merchants paid even lower tax rates than their English
       | counterparts.
       | 
       | Autocracy and the absence of accountability (either financial or
       | criminal) for the very wealthy is an age old problem that we
       | still deal with.
        
         | carlosjobim wrote:
         | How can people muster up the bile to be jealous and resentful
         | of people who died hundreds of years ago? They are dust, you
         | are alive. Do something with the fantastic gift of life while
         | you still have it. Soon enough you will also be dust.
        
           | psalaun wrote:
           | Where do you see jealousy in the comment?
        
       | doug_durham wrote:
       | What a well written piece. This is why I come to Hacker News.
       | Bravo.
        
         | aswegs8 wrote:
         | My thoughts exactly!
        
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       (page generated 2025-07-26 23:00 UTC)