[HN Gopher] Electric cars produce less brake dust pollution than...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Electric cars produce less brake dust pollution than combustion-
       engine cars
        
       Report: https://www.eiturbanmobility.eu/knowledge-hub/mastering-
       mobi...
        
       Author : tzs
       Score  : 494 points
       Date   : 2025-07-24 02:13 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (modernengineeringmarvels.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (modernengineeringmarvels.com)
        
       | chasebank wrote:
       | I went to get new tires on my truck last month. 3 of the 5 bays
       | at the tire shop had teslas getting new shoes. I asked the shop
       | owner and he said EVs eat tires. Like 9-12 months max lifespan,
       | great for business. I couldn't believe it but I've always heard
       | there's exponential wear on tires relative to weight.
        
         | fossuser wrote:
         | Depends how you drive - I change my teslas tires every 50k
         | miles, it takes that long to wear out.
        
         | ab_testing wrote:
         | Have heard the same that Teslas eat tires like crazy. But why
         | is that where their weight is comparable to a regular minivan.
         | Is it due to the fast acceleration. If so can tire life be
         | extended if the user is gentle on the accelerometer from zero.
        
           | justinholt wrote:
           | Acceleration combined with the style many EV manufacturers
           | chose. Lots of "sporty" looks leaning on large rims with low
           | profile tires.
        
           | bityard wrote:
           | Almost all tire wear comes from accelerating and
           | decelerating. Some from turning and cornering. Basically
           | anytime you are asking them to stick to the road when the
           | car's velocity is changing. Just coasting in a straight line
           | does not cause any significant wear, regardless of weight.
           | (Unless the tires are grossly under-inflated.)
           | 
           | EVs eat tires when people drive them like they're on a race
           | track, which is most of the time.
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | This doesn't make sense. A Tesla weighs about as much as an
         | SUV. We don't hear about SUVs eating tires.
         | 
         | If Teslas specifically are in the tire shop more, perhaps it's
         | that Teslas ship with shitty tires. I've heard of a number of
         | car makes that ship with really fragile OEM tires as a way to
         | get you back into the shop for service.
        
           | derektank wrote:
           | EVs can accelerate much faster than an SUV. I imagine that
           | could explain part of the difference.
        
           | cheald wrote:
           | It's a combination of the weight of the vehicle and the
           | torque that the electric motors produce.
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | That makes more sense, but if that's true, you can avoid
             | the extra tire wear by driving like a granny (which
             | reportedly works, according to one of the other comments
             | here).
        
               | cheald wrote:
               | Well, if you can convince my wife of that, you're more
               | than welcome to try. I just crossed 100k miles on my
               | Model 3 and I think I'm on my 5th set of tires.
        
           | xeonmc wrote:
           | Tesla also has faulty camber/toe settings out of the factory
           | that concentrates tyre wear on where it's weak:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1kdxm5cKfA
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | My last two sets of tires on a Model 3 last for 30000 miles.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | Our bz4x has 16,000 miles and the tires are like new. And it's
         | 400 pounds heavier than a Model 3.
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | How are you finding the bz4x? I've read some negative things
           | (possibly just seen negative headlines) about Toyota's
           | commitment to electric cars and that the bz4x is a bit of a
           | wet fish attempt at an electric.
           | 
           | Interested in the FUD level going on.
           | 
           | As an owner of a (2014 model) Nissan Leaf, which my wife and
           | I both love, it does seem that Nissan somehow dropped the
           | ball on electric given how good the Leaf still is (11 years
           | later) as a suburban commuter vehicle and how it was a very
           | early electric production car.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | This might be colored by the fact that we're a Toyota
             | family, but we have a 2024 and love it. It's well-built,
             | trouble-free, and predictable implementation of EV
             | technology that's a cycle or two behind Tesla in terms of
             | range and charging speed. I think the 2023 had some failure
             | modes in cold weather, but the 2024 fixes those. It's fine,
             | not great, on fast charging speeds. We get around 220 miles
             | range, dropping to 190 in January/February when the
             | temperature drops into the 30s here in Maryland. Right now
             | it's reporting 3.7 miles per kWh, which is a tick behind
             | what you'd get in a Model Y.
             | 
             | I get the criticism--why pay Tesla prices to fall 10-20%
             | short of Tesla specs? But the fit and finish is a cut above
             | the Model Ys we drove, the ride is very comfortable, and
             | the electronic features are, while more primitive, more
             | intuitive and predictable. We'll probably get the 2025 to
             | replace our Subaru Forester (which we've been very unhappy
             | with in terms of reliability). I hear the 2025 model
             | squeezes another 30 miles or so out of the battery, which
             | would enable us to make the trip to NYC on a single charge,
             | which is the only complaint we have.
        
         | qwerty_clicks wrote:
         | Slow speed turning wears tires hard and unevenly. Like geologic
         | erosion, such wear can promote and accelerate more cutting.
        
         | thefourthchime wrote:
         | depends on the car, model 3 weighs the same as a M3
        
         | thebruce87m wrote:
         | > Like 9-12 months max lifespan
         | 
         | It's easy to spot when people are just making stuff up. Why
         | would he tell you lifespan in _months_ rather than distance?
        
       | brtkwr wrote:
       | An an EV owner, I can testify that the tyre wear more than makes
       | up for the reduction in brake dust. I've had to change tyres
       | every 10K miles.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | We went 70,000 km on our first set.
        
         | tjkrusinski wrote:
         | Are you constantly accelerating quickly? Haven't had this
         | experience.
        
         | thatwasunusual wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | > "Even when summing up emissions from tires, brakes, and road
         | wear, BEVs produce 38% less particulate pollution than gas-
         | powered cars before even considering their lack of tailpipe
         | emissions."
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Presumably this is a joke. Mine lasted 5 years, 50k miles.
        
           | jader201 wrote:
           | No, it's not a joke. EVs are heavier vehicles, and it's
           | common for EV owners to have to change tires much more
           | frequently.
           | 
           | https://www.cars.com/articles/do-evs-wear-through-tires-
           | more...
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | It's only common because Tesla is popular. Other brands put
             | reasonable tires on.
        
               | jader201 wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I own a Kia EV6, and had to get new tires
               | within two years, under 20k miles.
               | 
               | I leave it in eco mode, so acceleration is nerfed, too.
               | 
               | We'll see how long the new set of Michelin Defenders
               | last.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Some models of the EV6 come with Pilot Sport 4S tires
               | which is absurd.
        
               | YZF wrote:
               | I have a model 3 and still running my original set of
               | summer and set of winter tires. 6+ years. I just don't
               | put pedal to metal every time I accelerate.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | The tires that came on my Kia EV9 are bad in several
               | dimensions (Kumho Crugen HP71) -- poor longevity, poor
               | winter performance. People seem to get 15-20,000 miles
               | out of them. (I replaced them with CrossClimate2s.)
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | I assumed instead they were soft compound tires with a low
           | treadwear number. Nice for "sport" driving but they wear very
           | quickly.
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | All the people claiming EVs wear tires faster probably
             | don't have the slightest idea that tires even have
             | treadwear ratings. That coupled with the total uselessness
             | of personal anecdotes...
             | 
             | Performance oriented EVs, _just like performance oriented
             | ICE cars_ , are going to have softer, stickier tires that
             | wear faster.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | > Performance oriented EVs, just like performance
               | oriented ICE cars, are going to have softer, stickier
               | tires that wear faster.
               | 
               | brtkwr has a Kia Niro, not a Taycan. It's not a
               | performance vehicle.
               | 
               | That said, I agree he's likely got tires with shit
               | longevity.
        
         | rapsey wrote:
         | Do you accelerate with full power every time or something?
        
         | ghushn3 wrote:
         | What are you doing to your tires that they only last 10k miles?
         | I think that might be a driver error issue, because my EV (a
         | heavier sedan) basically never needed tire replacement barring
         | me running over a screw or something.
        
           | brtkwr wrote:
           | Just normal driving, it wasn't quite so bad on our previous
           | car which was a Nissan Leaf (with 30kWh battery) but our
           | current Kia Niro just has a lot bigger batter (64kWh) and it
           | is a lot heavier I suppose, the tyres just don't seem to last
           | as long. I'm pretty sure I'm using summer tyres all year
           | round (I live in the UK) this was recommended by the dealer
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Some tyre compounds wear a lot faster than others (though
             | often with better grip). I wonder if that's contributing.
             | 
             | The other thing is poor alignment (especially toe settings)
             | which cause the tyres to fight each other constantly. It
             | can be a very small difference, almost imperceptible but
             | still accelerate the wear.
             | 
             | 10k miles is very short for a tyre.
             | 
             | Often you can tell a lot from the tyre temperature after a
             | drive: if they're getting very warm, it can indicate
             | problems, e.g. if one axle has much warmer tyres than the
             | other (hard to give an objective standard on that, though,
             | so many factors)
        
               | thedougd wrote:
               | Aren't higher speed rated tires softer? Maybe try
               | swapping for a lower speed rating unless they plan on
               | driving it at extreme speeds.
        
             | MostlyStable wrote:
             | I have the Hyundai Kona, which I'm pretty sure is just
             | their version of the Nero (same 64kWh battery at least).
             | I'm on my original tires after 44k miles.
        
               | x3n0ph3n3 wrote:
               | I also have a Kona and I had to replace mine at around
               | 30k.
        
               | MostlyStable wrote:
               | My numbers are probably better than average since, living
               | in a rural area, a lot of my driving is either freeway or
               | long stretches of rural road without many stops, so I do
               | less accelerating/decelerating/turning corners than
               | someone driving in a city, which, as many people point
               | out in this thread, is where most of the wear happens.
               | Your experience is probably more typical than mine is,
               | but even yours is a heck of a lot different than every
               | 10k miles.
        
             | foepys wrote:
             | Are you driving fast(er than with a ICE vehicle) in
             | corners? Since EVs have a very low center of mass, drivers
             | tend to take corners a lot faster than they would in ICE
             | vehicles which is very hard on the tires.
             | 
             | A friend got hit by this as well and since readjusting his
             | driving style (read: not flying through corners for the fun
             | of it) he gets more (but still not equal) miles on his EV's
             | tires before he needs new ones.
        
             | sockaddr wrote:
             | I'm sorry but I've got two EVs and I'm not seeing anything
             | like what you're reporting. On my first set of tires for a
             | model S I got 60k miles which is longer than I usually like
             | to run tires but they were still in good shape. My driving
             | pattern is about 80% grandpa-mode and 20% speeding to loud
             | music.
             | 
             | I assure you. If your EV tires are only lasting 10K miles
             | you have one of the following cases:
             | 
             | - You are driving VERY aggressively
             | 
             | - Your car has an alignment issue or some sort of torque
             | vectoring problem
             | 
             | - Your tires are absolute shit
        
               | ljf wrote:
               | He (like me) is in the UK - unless you go for a brand
               | name, many of the tyres people run here are low quality
               | import tyres - while 10k is low, my ICE has occasionally
               | only got 20k from a set, but that is mainly due to the
               | tyres cracking from sun damage (still got over 4 year out
               | of them before that happened).
               | 
               | Cheap tyres are often a bad investment, but I drive
               | country lanes with a higher risk of punctures and I was
               | burning through brand name tyres, a full set is worth
               | more than my car!
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | Mine lasted 11k km before I was seeing interleave.
               | 
               | Alignment is fine, had it checked when I had a new set of
               | continentals fitted.
               | 
               | My problem is purely that I drive like an asshole, on
               | _very_ windy, empty roads. Every day is track day.
               | 
               | Decent tyres, too, continentals - soft compound, hard
               | roads. Means it corners like a dream right up until the
               | tyres are bald.
        
             | slt2021 wrote:
             | remember, your regenerative braking comes at cost of tire
             | life.
             | 
             | If driving Tesla, you can reduce the regenerative breaking
             | from Maximum setting to Medium.
             | 
             | this will reduce regeneration and will increase the
             | "breaking distance" when you just let go of accelerator
             | pedal.
             | 
             | but it will increase your tire life significantly.
             | 
             | also make sure to buy the "commuter tire" models - tires
             | with high mileage warranty (50k miles+) and harder
             | compound. Even if it wears out faster, tire manufacturer's
             | warranty will make up for it by giving you discount for the
             | replacement tire purchase
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | Huh? What do you imagine is the tradeoff between
               | regenerative braking and tire life? Are you suggesting
               | that stopping the car with conventional iron brakes is
               | somehow easier on the tires?
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | the level of regenerative braking directly impacts your
               | accelerator pedal behavior.
               | 
               | by reducing regeneration, you will increase tire life by
               | virtue of modifying your acceleration behavior. Its hard
               | for me to explain, but I just suggest trying the medium
               | regenerative setting and you will see it yourself.
               | 
               | You will feel it, because the most of the tire wear
               | happens when car decelerates. On less regeneration your
               | car will decelerate less and will wear out tires slower
        
               | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
               | That's a whole lot of assumptions based on what?
               | 
               | I could come up with a list of plausible sounding reasons
               | why regenerative braking leads to less tire wear. Unless
               | you have some actual measurements, I wouldn't trust
               | either one.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | I'm reading it as referring to a setting where the car
               | will brake some amount (instead of coasting) if you
               | completely let go of the pedals, and as being a claim
               | that the commenter can't maintain speed but gets stuck in
               | a cycle of accelerating and then letting the car brake.
        
               | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
               | I've never driven an EV, only a hybrid a few times, but I
               | thought for all cars with aggressive regenerative brake
               | settings, you just kept the accelerator pedal slightly
               | depressed to coast.
        
               | Peanuts99 wrote:
               | I use one peddle driving all the time and manage to keep
               | a steady speed as I'm doing it. Why would you be
               | constantly taking your foot off the accelerator unless
               | you need to slow down?
               | 
               | I'll also throw another anecdote in for this thread,
               | 500hp EV, 50k miles on the tyres.
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | _most of the tire wear happens when car decelerates_
               | 
               | Is this generally true? I imagine it depends on the
               | car/driver to a certain extent, but still I'd be curious
               | what numbers are out there.
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | when car decelerates, the kinetic energy has to go
               | somewhere, large part of it goes to battery as
               | regeneration (60%), the rest goes to tire/road friction
               | and wear
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | That doesn't answer my question even a little bit.
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | From the physics perspective, where does kinetic energy
               | go in E=1/2mv^2 ?
               | 
               | Up to 60% goes back to battery, part goes to air
               | resistance and rolling tire resistance (can be ignored
               | for our case as its the same regardless of regen
               | setting), the rest goes to friction of tire/road due to
               | slowing down tire speed
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | Your claim was that most of the tire wear for cars was
               | due to deceleration. Acceleration could be to blame too.
               | I asked for a source for your claim, not math equations.
        
               | avalys wrote:
               | No one is debating that deceleration results in tire
               | wear.
               | 
               | The two claims you've made are that deceleration results
               | in more tire wear than acceleration, and that
               | regenerative deceleration results in more tire wear than
               | non-regenerative deceleration. These are what people are
               | questioning you about.
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | acceleration is irrelevant because you need to accelerate
               | to move regardless.
               | 
               | what is relevant to prolong the tire lifetime is reducing
               | the unnecessary tire friction against the road.
               | 
               | There is constant component that depends on the weight *
               | velocity * mileage - you gonna encounter it in all
               | scenarios
               | 
               | There is also a variable component that is driven by 1st
               | derivative of speed (rate of acceleration/deceleration).
               | 
               | The high regeneration allows you faster
               | acceleration/deceleration, but medium/lower will (1)
               | change your driving behavior so that you accelerate more
               | smoothly, and (2) change your deceleration so that you
               | coast more and decelerate less
               | 
               | remember, car's kinetic energy is not a perfect energy
               | storage, so that you could freely move energy from
               | battery into car speed, and regenerate it back into
               | battery.
               | 
               | apart from air resistance, there is 60% loss on the way
               | back + tire wear penalty depending on accel/decel curve
               | (1st speed derivative)
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | _remember, your regenerative braking comes at cost of
               | tire life._
               | 
               | No, it doesn't. The tires don't care if it's the car's
               | motor slowing things down, or some friction material
               | grabbing a disc.
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | I guess they are saying that the sharper braking curve
               | that is default on Teslas is going to cause more wear
               | than a slower braking curve. The logic makes sense, but I
               | have some doubt's that sharp regen breaking is more to
               | blame for tire wear vs. Sharp manual braking and
               | acceleration.
        
             | talldan wrote:
             | Some EVs have low rolling resistance tires to increase the
             | range. I think they will wear out faster, especially if
             | cornering sharply.
        
             | lnsru wrote:
             | I heard Kia Niro has the front wheel drive issue and the
             | tires wear on the front very fast. So you should swap front
             | wheels and rear wheels every year to get best wear result.
             | I drive very poorly and fast, but usually mid-range tires
             | last for at least 30k miles on different cars.
        
               | bobmcnamara wrote:
               | This is known as rotating tires, and is a good idea to do
               | periodically for other reasons as well.
        
             | bacon_waffle wrote:
             | The additional battery weight would be something under
             | 250kg (having handled a few Leaf battery packs), and
             | wikipedia says the Niro EV is about 1700kg
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | I too am UK based, but I have a Zoe, which is not as heavy
             | as the NEO.
             | 
             | But my inlaw has a neo from new and hasn't replaced the
             | tyres yet, and hes an auto obsessive. He lives in the
             | midlands and drives 18k a year.
        
             | padjo wrote:
             | Perhaps do an advanced driving class? Assuming no
             | mechanical issues the next place to look is your driving.
             | 10k is way too low, something is not right.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | 10k per set of tires seems like a high "smiles per
               | gallon" number to me.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | The factory fitment LEAF tires seem to be made of cast
             | iron, based on the unimpressive levels of cornering grip
             | but also on their impressive long-wearing nature.
             | 
             | I'm likely to end up replacing mine based on age-related
             | degradation rather than wear.
        
             | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
             | Either you're lying about your driving habits, or there's
             | something wrong with your car.
             | 
             | I've got a Model 3 Performance which came with the Michelin
             | Pilot Sport 4 tires which are only warrantied for 30,000
             | miles. I had them for 5 years and 35,000 miles and they
             | STILL had plenty of tread left. I had to replace them
             | anyways because I hit a nasty pothole that caused the tread
             | to separate.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | I can roach a set of economy tires in 20k but I slide through
           | four ramps a day if there's no traffic. I can see someone in
           | something modern that has 3x the power, 1.5 the weight and
           | takes a way softer lower profile tire roaching them in less.
           | 
           | Lower profile rims also beat up tires way harder if you drive
           | hard because the lack of sidewall flex lets you put more
           | force to the ground which has to go through the tread of the
           | tire to get there.
           | 
           | Modern tires for modern cars also bias toward soft and high
           | wearing because there's pretty much no other way to keep
           | higher end vehicles stuck to the ground with the power to
           | weight they're making these days.
        
         | relaxing wrote:
         | EV owners aren't exactly rare around these parts. Neither are
         | people who drive cars of a similar weight, such as midsize
         | SUVs.
         | 
         | There's no good reason why you should be changing your tires at
         | 10k miles.
        
           | madaxe_again wrote:
           | When you can see interleave that's a good reason to change
           | your tyres. My stock tyres on a model Y lasted 11,000km - but
           | my daily drive is a tortured ribbon of tarmac with nothing
           | but corners.
        
             | relaxing wrote:
             | I don't know what interleave means in your country but the
             | way to measure tire wear is replace when tread depth gets
             | below 1.6 mm.
             | 
             | Next time get tires with a 50k mile warranty, like Pirelli
             | Scorpions.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | This is not at all my experience after 2.5 years and 20,000km.
         | It's kinda obvious that it's completely up to the driver.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | Rivian?
        
         | xeonmc wrote:
         | If you're on a Tesla, it might be because of incorrectly set
         | cambers out of the factory:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1kdxm5cKfA
        
         | i80and wrote:
         | There is something seriously wrong with your tires if that's
         | actually the case. I drive a pretty heavy EV myself (an AWD
         | ID.4) and your wear is ludicrous.
        
         | irjustin wrote:
         | How is tire wear related to the method of power? It could be a
         | steam engine for all it mattered.
         | 
         | Accelerating and decelerating, in regards to the tire, don't
         | care what is causing the force.
        
           | dgemm wrote:
           | It's related to vehicle weight, electric cars can be
           | significantly heavier.
        
             | ddispaltro wrote:
             | My understanding is a model X is 20% heavier than a similar
             | size mid-range suv like a telluride, which I would consider
             | the same size SUV.
             | 
             | The Model X's curb weight ranges from 5,148 lbs to 5,531
             | lbs, while the Telluride's curb weight falls between 4,112
             | lbs and 4,482 lbs.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Model X is somewhat smaller than a Telluride, but close
               | enough.
        
           | ccc3 wrote:
           | Mass. Electric cars are much heavier. F=ma.
        
             | jaggederest wrote:
             | For tire degradation I believe it's actually something like
             | the 4th power of the mass, same as for roads.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | The tire isn't constant like a road is though. Tires
               | intended for bigger heavier vehicles get harder rubbers.
        
           | trimethylpurine wrote:
           | If the steam engine were to stop faster then it would put
           | more wear on the tires. Imagine if it were floating through
           | space. You hit the brakes. Did it help?
           | 
           | The tires are doing the stopping. As you said the engine is
           | the part that doesn't matter. But if it increases the
           | stopping power, it's doing that by increasing the load on the
           | tires.
        
           | RowanH wrote:
           | To be fair EV's can have some very high initial torque
           | delivery, and are heavy = tyre shredding beasts.
           | 
           | I know I know, people aren't supposed to be taking off from
           | every light at full chat, but, given the capability some
           | people can't help themselves.
        
             | Kirby64 wrote:
             | The biggest problem for new EV drivers, in my view, is that
             | EVs generally have extremely good traction control systems
             | that prevent chirping due to the ability to cut back power
             | to the motors much more quickly than you can with a gas
             | engine.
             | 
             | What this means is that you can push tires to the absolute
             | limit and not chirp them (which, is best for traction
             | anyways) which absolutely roasts them. Most people
             | associate chirp = too fast, but with EVs you can never hear
             | a chirp even when you stomp on the accelerator so they
             | might think everything is ok.
             | 
             | Nobody should be shredding a set of tires in 10k miles in
             | any EV unless they're super low tread wear (poor tire
             | choice, hard to do that bad), there's an issue with the car
             | suspension, or they're just being idiots.
        
               | cyberax wrote:
               | I went through my first set of tires in 10k miles. By
               | doing car racing (on official tracks!) every month or so.
               | 
               | Though it might fall under the "being idiot" category.
        
               | Kirby64 wrote:
               | I guess I should have caveated it as 'you won't go
               | through a set of tires in 10k miles unknowningly'.
               | 
               | If you're track racing, it should be obvious you'll blow
               | through a set of tires much faster than the treadwear
               | ratings would suggest.
        
               | madaxe_again wrote:
               | You can absolutely get them to chirp, you just have to
               | be, uh, brave. Or stupid. I deposited my tyres along my
               | daily commute over four months - it's like having one of
               | those racing line markers in a game.
               | 
               | Although I may drive a bit more sensibly for now as EUR4K
               | a year on tyres wasn't in my budget.
        
         | neilwilson wrote:
         | That's very likely due to the tyres having less tread depth - a
         | common trick with EV tyres to reduce rolling resistance.
         | Michelins are the main culprit.
         | 
         | Of course the tyre companies love that little trick as they can
         | pretend they are being green while selling more tyres.
         | 
         | Always check how much tyre you're buying
        
         | breakyerself wrote:
         | I have a 2019 model 3. 200,000 miles. I'm about on my 3rd set
         | of tires.
        
         | linotype wrote:
         | Are you racing? I haven't had to change our tires on our EV for
         | 30k miles (we just hit that on the odometer; these are dealer
         | tires).
        
         | lokar wrote:
         | There are three things at play here:
         | 
         | - evs have a reputation for fast acceleration, and many drivers
         | use it. More wear.
         | 
         | - evs are heavy due to large batteries trying to match ICE
         | range. More wear.
         | 
         | - evs often come with low friction tires to improve range, they
         | wear faster
         | 
         | The second two issues should gradually go away as battery (and
         | charging) tech improves.
        
           | idiotsecant wrote:
           | Low friction tires wear slower, not faster, on account of
           | being ... Low friction. Friction is what wears tires.
        
             | pengaru wrote:
             | > Low friction tires wear slower, not faster, on account of
             | being ... Low friction. Friction is what wears tires.
             | 
             | They're not low friction tires, they're low rolling
             | resistance tires.
             | 
             | Friction relates to the grip, rolling resistance relates to
             | the heat generated by the deformation of the tire. A less
             | compliant, often narrower tire may wear faster than a more
             | compliant wider one.
             | 
             | It depends.
             | 
             | "Tyres account for about a fifth of the energy required to
             | power a car. They provide friction, so that the vehicle can
             | grip the road, but some of the power supplied to the tyres
             | is then lost as heat. Indeed, Michelin, a French tyremaker,
             | estimates that this "rolling resistance" accounts for 4% of
             | the world's carbon-dioxide emissions. Tyre designers have
             | therefore sought to improve fuel economy by reducing
             | rolling resistance. However, this not only reduces a tyre's
             | ability to grip, making drivers take corners sideways, it
             | also wears out the tyres more rapidly."
             | 
             | from: https://www.economist.com/technology-
             | quarterly/2009/12/02/ro...
             | 
             | without login: https://archive.is/TiIUk
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >They're not low friction tires, they're low rolling
               | resistance tires.
               | 
               | Those two attributes are pretty decently tied together,
               | can't get one attribute maxed out without a solid showing
               | of the other.
        
             | _factor wrote:
             | Sure, but how big is your contact patch? They're low
             | friction for a reason.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | > low friction tires to improve range, they wear faster
           | 
           | Some of the lowest rolling resistance tires also last 80k+
           | miles. It's not a tradeoff in the way you're claiming.
        
         | webprofusion wrote:
         | Mine did more than 25,000, just get better tyres. The basic
         | premise is that EVs are heavier and have more torque than
         | average cars, but it's a 20% difference in real life, so your
         | tyres may last 20% less.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | Is it a linear relationship?
           | 
           | I know road damage is far higher (fourth power of weight) so
           | maybe wear on tires is also worse than linear?
           | 
           | heavier vehicles are also worse in many other ways (e.g. less
           | safe for pedestrians, require more space for parking,...) and
           | we really should be encouraging smaller vehicles.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Don't accelerate like a maniac.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Switch tire brand and type or get some advice. Whatever you are
         | currently getting isn't the right tire for your car, obviously.
         | You should be seeing much longer lives for your tires. Even
         | with an EV. So, something is off.
         | 
         | And tires of course aren't created equally. There are many
         | different types of tires and they are optimized for different
         | circumstances. If you mismatch your tires to e.g. weather
         | conditions, you are going to have issues. Not just with EVs,
         | but with any car.
        
           | sjducb wrote:
           | Agreed parent needs to get advice from 2/3 different tyre
           | shops. Changing tyres every 10k means something is wrong.
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | That or just slow down. I swear 90% of the people that
             | complain of tire wear drive oblivious and are flooring it
             | after every stop. Even a Kia Beri which what the parent
             | has, has more kick than a ICE.
        
               | sjducb wrote:
               | Maybe, I think the tyre shop is encouraging premature
               | tyre changes. My local tyre shop recommends changing the
               | tyres at 3.9mm. The tyre's data sheet says it's ok down
               | to 1.6mm. You're wasting 2.3mm of tyre, which is 30% of
               | the life of the tyre.
        
         | snowe2010 wrote:
         | That's not normal. You're either doing something incredibly
         | wrong or you're changing your tires when you don't need to.
        
         | thanhhaimai wrote:
         | I'm not sure I can agree with this. I have 2 EVs, and the tire
         | looks almost brand new after like 10k miles. I think the
         | driving habits matter more than whether the car is EV or not.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | It's probably the specific tire being awful, or alignment.
        
           | yreg wrote:
           | I have 42k km / 26k miles on the tires Tesla equipped me with
           | and they are in good condition.
        
           | mpyne wrote:
           | I own one EV, at 40k miles, and have had to change the tires
           | only once so far, and even that was more because of damage to
           | one that required replacement than due to excessive tire
           | wear.
           | 
           | I can vouch for the very low brake pad usage as well.
        
         | reissbaker wrote:
         | The article says that even including tire and road wear, EVs
         | generate 38% less particulate pollution than ICE cars _before_
         | considering the lack of tailpipe emissions.
        
           | labster wrote:
           | But tires are black, and black carbon has additional climate
           | effects -- even once the aerosol lands, it can still have
           | effects like black carbon on snow.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | On that topic, Norwegians have been reporting that the
             | piles of snow at the sides of their roads are noticeable
             | cleaner since EV adoption took off.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | It's not like brake dust is white...
        
             | infecto wrote:
             | Guess what comes out of petrol and diesel exhaust? Guess
             | what color brake dust is. I guarantee the EV is going to be
             | a lot cleaner.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Wonder what that ratio will be when battery tech advances
           | enough that BEVs weigh the same as, and eventually less than,
           | ICE cars.
        
         | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
         | > An an EV owner, I can testify that the tyre wear more than
         | makes up for the reduction in brake dust
         | 
         | How could you possibly measure that just from your personal
         | experience?
         | 
         | Sounds more like a wild guess that is in contradiction with
         | actual studies.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | >How could you possibly measure that just from your personal
           | experience?
           | 
           | Simple napkin math by comparing longevity of parts with
           | volume of parts consumed.
        
             | p_j_w wrote:
             | Sure, but your personal experience could very easily be on
             | the higher end of the distribution. You simply CANT confirm
             | something like that based on personal experience. Either
             | your personal experience lines up with some statistical
             | fact or it doesn't, either way, without the proper
             | statistical context it's borderline useless.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Sure, but if the napkin math spits out results orders of
               | magnitude higher than reasonable personal variance then
               | you're still on the way to a decent answer.
               | 
               | FWIW I think the qualitative difference between tire and
               | brake dust is going to mean a lot more than individual
               | variance.
        
         | 01100011 wrote:
         | I wonder if you got unlucky with tires. Seems some mfgs are
         | playing with new recipes and eco friendly ingredients causing
         | the tires to dramatically miss their stated lifetime. My last
         | tires were Michelin Defender somethings from Costco and they
         | lasted about half the expected mileage even with regular
         | rotation and proper inflation.
        
         | cbeach wrote:
         | I think there might be something peculiar about the driving or
         | environment. I have put 50,000 miles on my EV over the course
         | of a few years and only changed the tires twice in that time.
         | The car is MOT-tested every year so I have precise measurements
         | of tread.
        
         | originalvichy wrote:
         | You are an anomaly. The overwhelming majority of EV drivers say
         | their tyres last very long.
        
         | bluedino wrote:
         | I was just reading an article where an electric car had the
         | original brakes on it for 250k miles
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | I am firmly in the camp that problems like these have less to
         | do with being an EV and more to do with one of the following:
         | 
         | 1) Aggressive driving which is easier to do in a number of EVs
         | due to instant torque. 2) tire compound, a lot of oem tires are
         | soft 3) something wrong with the cars drivetrain or suspension.
         | 
         | 10k is comically low, my model y oem tires lasted to 30k before
         | tread depth passed the safety threshold. I also keep it in
         | chill mode.
        
       | stephen_g wrote:
       | Good to have more data points and evidence, but this seems
       | extremely well established by now?
       | 
       | Zero tailpipe emissions, drastically removed brake dust, slightly
       | higher tire wear (due to weight), but much better overall than
       | ICE.
        
         | 3eb7988a1663 wrote:
         | I am just excited because the more EVs mean fewer idiots in hot
         | rods running without mufflers.
        
           | oaiey wrote:
           | I think these will switch last and will found new
           | opportunities to annoy you once switched.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Exactly. What people really hate are loud young people from
             | lower class than them backgrounds. Civics with stupid
             | exhausts are just an example implementation of that.
             | They'll just find something else to hate if you remove that
             | implementation.
        
               | goda90 wrote:
               | When loud engine noises cut through my neighborhood from
               | blocks away, I'm not thinking about the age or class of
               | the person driving the vehicle. I'm thinking about how
               | they're a jerk for modifying their car to be louder and
               | intentionally revving their engine to create noise. If an
               | old billionaire decided to make their private jet louder
               | and then buzzed over my neighborhood, I'd be pissed as
               | well.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | Well there are new classes of idiots I see pretty frequently
           | - a typical tesla driver going 90 in 120 region of highway
           | without any reason, presumably saving last bits of battery
           | (that has at least some rationale, if they do it due to ie
           | fear then they should not be driving or having license).
           | 
           | Over say 50km part of highway, maybe 2000 cars need to
           | overtake such almost stationary object (to regular traffic
           | which generally moves exactly at the speed limit). Fine if
           | you have 3+ lanes, but most highways in Europe have 2 only.
           | Then you have all the trucks, buses and rest of traffic
           | trying to overtake via that 1 free lane, which in heavier
           | (but still cca smooth) traffic will create a massive moving
           | traffic jam immediately.
           | 
           | If I didn't see this every other day (and for some reasons
           | its 90% tesla drivers where I live and rest is caravans) I
           | wouldn't believe it to be so common, but it is. Summer now
           | makes it even worse with all holiday drivers.
        
             | DaSHacka wrote:
             | > going 90 in 120 region of highway without any reason,
             | presumably saving last bits of battery (that has at least
             | some rationale, if they do it due to ie fear then they
             | should not be driving or having license).
             | 
             | Was _very_ concerned until I realized you were talking
             | about kilometers and not miles.
             | 
             | Otherwise, I'd _hope_ the average driver would firce
             | themselves to drive slower than 120mph out of some sense of
             | fear, or at least a sense of self-preservation.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Miles are bigger than kilometers so the guy doing 90
               | among traffic that wants to go 120 might actually be
               | worse in miles because it's a larger speed differential.
        
               | moate wrote:
               | ...that...that was his point...
        
             | alliao wrote:
             | it'd tell you what speed to travel at if you want to get to
             | where you want to go lol, chances are they're low and just
             | trying to get to their destination
        
             | mnmalst wrote:
             | Are you saying it's not ok to drive 90km/h in a zone where
             | 120km/h is allowed?
             | 
             | 80km/h is the usual maximum allowed speed for trucks, at
             | least in Germany, so no idea how a car driving 90km/h is
             | such a big problem. That's not a "stationary object" at
             | all, far from it. You are even allowed to drive vehicles
             | with a minimum speed of 60km/h on the Autobahn.
             | 
             | If a car driving 90km/h is the cause for a traffic jam
             | there are definitely other factors at play. Not just in
             | zones with a limit of 120km/h but everywhere even without
             | limits.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | I think it's a hilarious example in how buyer demographics
             | effect things. Every Tesla is a potential rocket ship if
             | the driver wants it to be yet they're rarely if ever not
             | driven circles around by laden work vans.
        
             | beached_whale wrote:
             | You see this on the 400 series in Ontario, Canada and it's
             | not just Tesla drivers. Some people don't want to go that
             | fast(speed kills) and others cannot. It's a non issue if
             | they stay right as expected.
        
             | baq wrote:
             | > 90 in 120 region of highway
             | 
             | so just like any truck.
             | 
             | if you think it's a problem, you're the problem. sorry.
        
               | sroussey wrote:
               | Depends on what lane you are in...
        
           | Hilift wrote:
           | "Artificial engine sounds" is the next step in that evolution
           | pipeline. Or just blast advertisements.
        
             | neogodless wrote:
             | See the Ioniq 5 N. But those sounds are piped inside... not
             | blasted to the neighbors...
        
               | beached_whale wrote:
               | Can it be disabled? I love quiet
        
               | neogodless wrote:
               | I mean, no one would buy the Ioniq 5 N specifically if
               | they _didn 't_ want the zoomy car sounds! (OK maybe they
               | just want the fastness! Fair enough)
               | 
               | But yes, they can be turned off.
        
               | Hilift wrote:
               | There's probably a federal or local law requiring some
               | sound. Like the Waymos that incessantly beep beep beep
               | when backing up at the recharging station at 1 mph.
               | You're about five years away from hearing beep beep beep
               | everywhere you go due to the proliferation of driverless
               | vehicles.
        
               | neogodless wrote:
               | To be clear, the exterior sounds hybrids and EVs make is
               | different from the "engine" sounds the Ioniq 5 N pipes
               | inside the car.
        
               | pavon wrote:
               | The N-line is Hyundai's high-performance designator, like
               | Type R for Honda. It has way more power than you would
               | ever need for normal driving, hopefully to be used on a
               | track and not street racing. The normal Ionic 5 has no
               | faked engine noise (beyond the low-volume external sounds
               | required by law).
        
               | sergiotapia wrote:
               | I love the look of the Ioniq so much, I wanted to reward
               | the guts it took to create such a unique looking car! I
               | wanted to buy the new one but I just couldn't not get a
               | Tesla because of FSD. Cars without FSD are fighting for
               | second place imho.
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | I like Hyundai's HDA much more than Tesla's.
               | 
               | With Tesla it's all-or-nothing, and when it inevitably
               | drives poorly, I can only turn it off. It physically
               | resists me turning the steering wheel while it's driving,
               | and overcoming the resistance results in an unpleasant
               | and potentially dangerous jerk.
               | 
               | OTOH in IONIQ I can control lane assist and adaptive
               | cruise control separately. The lane assist is additive to
               | normal steering. It doesn't take over, only makes the car
               | seem to naturally roll along the road.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | The kids will find a way to be flagrantly annoying. Always
           | has been always will be. Taking their fart can exhausts will
           | be a minor bump in the road. It's not like EVs don't come
           | factory equipped with tons of power to drive the kind of
           | audio systems that people like you also hate.
        
         | teleforce wrote:
         | >drastically removed brake dust
         | 
         | It will be very interesting to see the data for the same car
         | that has many powertrain versions for example the Lexus UX with
         | the UX 200 (ICE), UX 300h (hybrid) and UX 300e (EV) to test
         | which one the best and the worst in term of brake dust residue.
         | 
         | My hypotheses is that for brake dust residue the best is
         | hybrid, 2nd will be ICE and the 3rd will be EV. This is due to
         | the fact that the EV version has at least several hundreds kg
         | extra weight (about 400 kg extra), that makes the brake dust
         | residue comparable to ICE if not worst based on the
         | approximately 30% extra vehicle weight for the battery. The
         | hybrid however only has approximately 5% more weight or extra
         | 80 kg different compared to the ICE version.
        
           | eptcyka wrote:
           | Yea, but the EV need not use the disc brakes to stoppe.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | My hypothesis is that in normal driving the EV with 30% extra
           | weight will be using its brakes 90% less, making it beat the
           | ICE version by a lot.
           | 
           | EV versus hybrid I couldn't say, it comes down to exactly how
           | strong the hybrid regen is and how aggressively the owner
           | brakes in comparison.
           | 
           | Why is your hypothesis so different from mine? How much use
           | do you expect the EV brakes to get?
        
           | doikor wrote:
           | EVs don't really use the brakes during normal driving being
           | mainly used for emergency braking.
           | 
           | You could achieve the same with engine braking with ICE but
           | most don't bother.
        
           | sjducb wrote:
           | My EV doesn't use the brakes in normal driving. It can pull ~
           | 0.3G of regen before the physical brakes engage.
           | 
           | It will regeneratively brake all the way to a stop.
           | 
           | The brake disks are there for emergencies and spirited
           | driving.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | I think buyer demographics are gonna play hugely into it.
           | Some makes and models are highly popular among the drivers
           | who are on the low side of the bell curve and basically never
           | hit the brake when not stopping because they're almost never
           | coming upon slower traffic. Some makes and models are highly
           | popular on the other side of the peak of the bell curve where
           | the drivers are always hitting the brake way more than the
           | median or average. An ICE Tacoma may very well use way less
           | brake than a EV Altima because the venn-diagram of people who
           | drive like a bat out of hell and the people who buy Tacomas
           | is approximately two circles.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > that makes the brake dust residue comparable to ICE if not
           | worst based on the approximately 30% extra vehicle weight for
           | the battery.
           | 
           | Did you miss pretty much all data on EV brakes, notably that
           | they get used so little they'll rust to slick and
           | manufacturers have to implement de-rusting cycles to ensure
           | they can actually do something? Your hypothesis is
           | nonsensical on its face. Calling it a hypothesis is
           | insulting. Even to flat earthers.
        
           | p_j_w wrote:
           | Your hypothesis has already been tested multiple times. It
           | has always failed.
        
         | 30gdan wrote:
         | Much better at what ? Do you have decent data for what it takes
         | (CO2, child labour , cost of supply chain, ...) to make your
         | Lithium based battery VS melting an ICE ? Same question for
         | recycling ? Comparing only the lifecycles of products doesn't
         | make any sense if you don't put in perspective creation &
         | destruction and this is where the massive lie is, no EV
         | constructor has ever been transparent about this because it's
         | overall just way dirtier by no way cleaner !
         | 
         | Extracting rare metals from Africa, sending to China for
         | transformation into batteries and back to US/EU for putting
         | into an EV (that we cannot properly recycle yet) just cannot be
         | cleaner than melting an ICE with processes that are 100+ years
         | old and that can be done locally without the use of ships to
         | make 3 roundabouts on earth.
         | 
         | Yeah established on a truncated view of reality !
        
           | mmaurizi wrote:
           | Ships are actually much more fuel efficient than trucks, by
           | weight/volume.
           | 
           | Saying it must be inefficient because it includes ship
           | transit instead of trucking "locally" is innumerate.
        
             | 30gdan wrote:
             | I'm saying it's inefficient because of a combination of
             | many things not only shipping. Also add to this the fact
             | that your electricity in the US cames from fossil fuel and
             | you'll see how clean your EV is !
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | From your own source:
               | 
               | > In countries that get most of their energy from burning
               | dirty coal, the emissions numbers for EVs don't look
               | nearly as good--but they're still on par with or better
               | than burning gasoline.
               | 
               | Trump's own EPA calls your argument the #1 myth about
               | EVs. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-
               | myths
        
               | 30gdan wrote:
               | Myth #2 numbers from graphical representation are totally
               | off from the 80% initial C02 difference in the MIT study.
               | IDK where these numebrs come from but I'd tend to trust
               | the MIT more than some propaganda from your beloved
               | president.
               | 
               | Same goes for myth#1 IMO numbers are Trump related
               | propaganda and have nothing to do with reality.
               | Furthermore on myth #1 they talk about efficiency of EV
               | vs ICE but totally forget to mention the efficiency of
               | generating that said energy : 33% efficiency for coal
               | based electricity generation VS 90% for petroleum
               | refinement .... In the end when you sum up overall
               | efficiencies are identical so I call bullshit and
               | propaganda ...
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Ah, we've journeyed quite a ways from "I'm saying it's
               | inefficient because of a combination of many things" to
               | "when you sum up overall efficiencies are identical" in
               | just one comment!
               | 
               | I also trust MIT more than Trump (I'll trust a poodle
               | over him), especially on EVs. The point is _even Trump 's
               | loony EPA_ clearly states they're better for the
               | environment, _inclusive_ of coal power. (Which MIT agrees
               | with; I quoted _your source!_ )
        
             | tartoran wrote:
             | > Ships are actually much more fuel efficient than trucks,
             | by weight/volume.
             | 
             | Ships are indeed more efficient if you look at it on per
             | mile comparison but distances are much bigger. Shipping
             | things from one side of the planet to the other is not
             | something too efficient imo. It's just makes sense if you
             | look at economics and differences in price of labor,
             | regulations and so on but these do have externalities that
             | eventually cancel out the benefits.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | > Do you have decent data...?
           | 
           | > just cannot be cleaner...
           | 
           |  _Someone_ doesn 't!
        
             | 30gdan wrote:
             | MIT : https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/are-electric-
             | vehicles-defini...
             | 
             | Quote : This intensive battery manufacturing means that
             | building a new EV can produce around 80% more emissions
             | than building a comparable gas-powered car
             | 
             | Show me anything else if you have ; just don't troll
             | dude...
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The very first line of your article says "yes... they
               | more than make up for it by driving much cleaner under
               | nearly any conditions".
               | 
               | It seems you agree with the poster upthread, who stated
               | "much better overall than ICE".
        
               | 30gdan wrote:
               | First of all don't forget the important 'Over the course
               | of their driving lifetimes' before your quote; it changes
               | everything. So yeah this MIT article says EV is 80% more
               | CO2 expensive to build but makes up over it's lifetime
               | not quite exatcly what you are saying.
               | 
               | Also this article does not take into account recycling of
               | batteries which is way dirty that recycling ICEs.
               | 
               | And my initial remark was show me data, show me
               | interesting stuff and you just dumbly troll (quoting
               | truncated stuff) on what I have shown you. Nice man, u
               | smart !!!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > it changes everything
               | 
               | It changes nothing. People buy cars to drive them.
               | 
               | > Also this article does not take into account recycling
               | of batteries which is way dirty that recycling ICEs.
               | 
               | I'm sorry you can't be bothered to read your own link.
               | This is in the footnotes as a source for it:
               | 
               | Erik Emilsson and Lisbeth Dahllof. "Lithium-ion vehicle
               | battery production: Status 2019 on energy use, CO2
               | emissions, use of metals, products environmental
               | footprint, _and recycling_. " IVL Swedish Environmental
               | Research Institute, in cooperation with the Swedish
               | Energy Agency, Report C444, November 2019.
        
               | 30gd4n wrote:
               | 'People buy cars to drive them' : how long did you own
               | your last EV car ? enough to pass the limit for the EV to
               | become interesting ? You think all Tesla & BYD owners do
               | that ? Don't think so ! So in the end your ownership (and
               | 95% of the other) of an EV was more CO2 intensive than
               | equivalent ICE because you don't keep it enough to become
               | efficient. And don't talk about second hand use because
               | this is clearly not the way our society is going; it's
               | all about buying new stuff and changing cars every couple
               | of years; huge hyprocrisy when you say that EVs need time
               | to become more efficient than ICE.
               | 
               | 'I'm sorry you can't be bothered to read your own link.
               | This is in the footnotes as a source for it:' just click
               | on the damn link, use google trad, find the paper and
               | READ (not just troll as if I didn't) the recycling
               | chapter by yourself ! It does not include real-world
               | data, it's theoretical/research data IF batteries were
               | recycled in EU/US with up to date processes. As of today
               | 2025 all batteries are 'recycled' (joke..) in China/India
               | by underqualified people with a CO2 cost WAY higher and
               | this is NOT taken into account in the study. So yeah I'll
               | say again : real recycling, the one we do right now IS
               | NOT ACCOUNTED FOR !
               | 
               | Useless discussion anyway, you don't add any argument or
               | source, just trolling on my words, nice !
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > how long did you own your last EV car ? enough to pass
               | the limit for the EV to become interesting ? You think
               | all Tesla & BYD owners do that ?
               | 
               | Again, I reference your source:
               | 
               | "Yet when the MIT study calculated a comparison in which
               | EVs lasted only 90,000 miles on the road rather than
               | 180,000 miles, they remained 15 percent better than a
               | hybrid and far better than a gas car."
               | 
               | Both of my cars have 100k+ miles on them, with plenty of
               | life left. Modern vehicles seem to do 200-300k miles
               | regularly.
               | 
               | I am not an outlier:
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-
               | transportation/americ...
               | 
               | "The average age of U.S. cars and light trucks this year
               | rose to a record 12.6 years, according to the report by
               | S&P Global Mobility on Wednesday, up by two months from
               | 2023."
               | 
               | The average American drives 12k miles a year.
               | 
               | I'm not sure why you zeroed in on a source that openly
               | debunks all of your arguments, but I do appreciate the
               | assist.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > slightly higher tire wear (due to weight)
         | 
         | And thus higher tire particle pollution. And it's not slightly,
         | EVs are on average 10-15% heavier than similar ICE vehicles.
         | We've now found that a lot of the various small particle
         | pollution (e.g. in bodies of water) come from tires.
         | 
         | So, while still drastically better than ICEs, they still have
         | externalities (pollution, time wasted in traffic, vehicle
         | accidents) and there should still be efforts to try to reduce
         | the number of cars on the roads instead of just replacing them
         | 1:1 and calling it a day.
        
           | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
           | I'm sure you feel the same way about cutting down on cell
           | phones right? How about we just let people keep their cars
           | (preferably EVs), but feel free to go live in a dense cell
           | block and eat bug juice if that is what floats your boat.
        
             | p_j_w wrote:
             | > feel free to go live in a dense cell block and eat bug
             | juice if that is what floats your boat.
             | 
             | That this is considered a valid response to someone
             | suggesting we need more mass transit is a sign that our
             | discourse has fallen off a cliff. You can and should do
             | better.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | Why is it that these "do better" suggestions always feel
               | like an attempt to shut discussion down. Being anti-car
               | does not make you some moral authority
        
               | p_j_w wrote:
               | "You want everyone to live in a prison cell and eat
               | nothing but bugs" is not discussion.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | It's hard to share a cell phone. If there are opportunities
             | to make them more environmentally friendly (longevity,
             | production processes, better batteries, etc.) we should
             | absolutely try to do those things.
             | 
             | EVs are better than ICE cars, but shared-use
             | buses/trains/etc. are often even better. We can do more
             | than one thing.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | It's really not hard to share a cell phone, you and eg
               | your spouse could alternate days and have one phone for
               | example. It is just a tradeoff you are not willing to
               | make. But, not having a car is a tradeoff YOU are willing
               | to make so your are ok with pushing it on others.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > But, not having a car is a tradeoff YOU are willing to
               | make so your are ok with pushing it on others.
               | 
               | Nobody is trying to take your car away, you scared person
               | who cannot fathom not being attached to a car.
               | 
               | I'm merely saying there _must_ be alternatives to
               | driving. I don 't care what they are, they will be
               | location dependent. If you want to drive, as long as you
               | pay your externalities, nobody cares. But it's
               | fundamentally wrong to gatekeep all of society behind a
               | fundamentally inefficient manner of transport (individual
               | cars). It's wrong socially (no social mobility), it's
               | wrong ecologically (cars are still the most polluting way
               | of transportation, even EVs), it's wrong economically
               | (very inefficient), it's wrong from the amount of people
               | dying from cars, it's wrong on every possible measurable
               | metric.
               | 
               | So, alternatives should be present, so that those that
               | _wish_ to do so, or for whom it 's better/faster/more
               | efficient/can't use anything else because of mobility
               | issues/can't afford anything else, they can take them.
               | Bike lanes, trains, buses, whatever, doesn't matter.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | Don't be afraid piglet, I won't take your phone. Nobody
               | is trying to outlaw public transport- but there
               | absolutely people advocating for an end to private
               | ownership of cars
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | > I'm sure you feel the same way about cutting down on cell
             | phones right
             | 
             | How many people die in cell phone accidents yearly where
             | you live? How many have reduced lifespans due to the
             | pollution of cell phones? And how many hours can be saved
             | per year per human with good cell phone sharing? I would
             | guess the number is 0 for all of those, but quite a bit
             | higher for cars alternative transportation options.
             | 
             | If you feel personally offended by the mere idea that there
             | might be alternatives to cars, and that at the scale of a
             | human settlement, they're often better, you need to take a
             | step back and consider why you identify yourself with cars
             | so much. And if that doesn't help, consider that more
             | people having alternatives means less cars on the roads, so
             | more space for you to vroom vroom around and less people
             | bothering you on the road!
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | Do you have any idea how many hours the average person
               | uses their phone? There is no other object that has been
               | a greater detriment to mental and physical health in
               | human history. This is just another instance where
               | someone is willing to push something (only using public
               | transport) on someone else because it fits their
               | viewpoint, but you can't even consider something that
               | would have a similar impact on yourself in return (giving
               | up your phone).
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > Do you have any idea how many hours the average person
               | uses their phone
               | 
               | Irrelevant on the topic of there being more efficient
               | modes of transportation of humans in dense environments.
               | 
               | > There is no other object that has been a greater
               | detriment to mental and physical health in human history
               | 
               | While potentially true, that's _entirely_ ignoring all
               | the extremely useful things people do with their phones.
               | 
               | > only using public transport
               | 
               | The fact that you take a mention of providing
               | alternatives to cars as a stance on "only using public
               | transport" indicates to me that you're not interested in
               | having an actual discussion, and your car is part of your
               | core identity. None of that is healthy, so again, step
               | back and consider the benefits. Even purely selfishly,
               | more people out of cars because they can bike or take the
               | train is better for you because there will be less
               | traffic for you.
        
               | 1234letshaveatw wrote:
               | For your own mental health, you need to take a breath and
               | try and not take alternative viewpoints as personal
               | attacks. The post I responded to referenced "efforts to
               | try to reduce the number of cars on the roads instead of
               | just replacing them 1:1 and calling it a day." i.e.
               | reducing personal car ownership. Don't ignore the fact
               | that people do extremely useful things with their cars-
               | lifesaving activities. You obviously are attached to your
               | phone, the same way people are attached to their personal
               | cars. A little bit of empathy would go a long way here
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > How many people die in cell phone accidents yearly
               | where you live?
               | 
               | To be fair: thousands.
               | https://www.ncsl.org/transportation/distracted-driving-
               | cellp...
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Tire wear isn't as great -- since tires have a lot of bad
         | polymers in it.. hopefully we can solve that one soon.
        
       | rayiner wrote:
       | We should obviously ban combustion engine cars, at least starting
       | with cities. I can't think of a single clearer win for air
       | quality.
        
         | jjayj wrote:
         | I would love to have gone electric (bought a car in September)
         | but I rent and don't have any way to charge at my residence.
         | How do we solve the renters-that-cant-charge-their-cars
         | problem?
        
           | barbazoo wrote:
           | And everyone you ask has a slightly different situation so no
           | generic solution does it. We'll have to spend some money and
           | retrofit at least where possible. We'll need free level 2
           | chargers wherever people congregate. And folks will probably
           | have to adapt their expectation toward mobility in a way.
           | Things change.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | All our local Tesla drivers park their cars partially
           | blocking the alleyway each evening.
           | 
           | They can't make it into their garages on the narrow road, and
           | there are no curb side plugs in the front (NEC safety rules.)
           | Funny until the Garbage truck rage mashes the horn at 6am...
           | lol =3
        
           | stouset wrote:
           | Public EV chargers are pretty widespread nowadays. Not as
           | much as gas chargers obviously, but for most people in the
           | country if you don't have a way to charge at home it's not
           | fundamentally that different from not having a gas pump at
           | your house.
           | 
           | Plus, most people _can_ charge at home with an extension
           | cord. It 's not particularly fast, but you should be able to
           | get 4-5 miles an hour. In the worst case scenario where you
           | can only charge at home and can only charge for 10 hours
           | overnight, that's still 40 miles of driving which is enough
           | for a lot of commuters. Even if it falls short--again--you
           | can use public chargers.
           | 
           | Lastly, eliminating the sale of ICE cars will be a pretty
           | rapid forcing function on the deployment of EV chargers.
           | Still, I'd be all for locations that ban combustion engines
           | mandating that landlords provide EV charging facilities.
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | Popularity has costs, some are waiting in line for 45
             | minutes to use a fast charger.
             | 
             | EV is not for everyone, but those Rivian are nice though.
             | =3
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | Well given Rivians rank among the worst EVs in the world
               | efficiency-wise, maybe if you care about not spending
               | your life at charging stations, don't buy a Rivian? Or a
               | Tesla for that matter, since Tesla lies about their
               | efficiency numbers and the real-world numbers are
               | middling at best.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | It is the low temperature performance that make most EV
               | impractical. A Tesla power pack heater means the charge
               | will be completely depleted if left outdoors for more
               | than a week in winter.
               | 
               | EV are meant for people that live in 4'C to 42'C weather,
               | and have excess capacity on their solar installations.
               | Everyone else is getting subsidized by their neighbors
               | paying for excess electrical capacity. =3
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | Someone needs to tell all those people in Norway.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | NY and Chicago are a little closer... =3
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | Walmart has some gigantic amount of sites under
               | construction or in permitting at many of their stores,
               | and many are being built by other operators too. Charging
               | proliferation hasn't slowed down.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Indeed, the entire community is paying to upgrade the
               | grid to support that infrastructure. =3
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | > Not as much as gas chargers
             | 
             | In the UK at least, there are more EV chargers than
             | gas/petrol stations:
             | https://www.vertumotors.com/news/there-are-more-charging-
             | poi...
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | Also after you divide the amount of time required? So if
               | an average charging session is 100 minutes and getting
               | petrol is 5 minutes, you'd need 20 times more chargers to
               | break even on availability. And I'm not sure that even
               | works the same when considering that these events are
               | probably bursty (most people will arrive at an energy
               | station at a similar time of day)
               | 
               | In case it sounds like I'm gas station lobby: I'm not
               | against EVs at all and don't own a car, I'm just
               | wondering if this is a fair comparison
        
               | mattlondon wrote:
               | I don't think it even includes the ones at people's homes
               | where probably "most" charging happens. No one has a gas
               | station at home.
               | 
               | FWIW a fast charge is like 10-15 mins usually while you
               | grab a coffee or something - in modern EV cars you have
               | 100-200kw (or more!) charging where you can get like 400
               | or 500 miles in an hour, so 15mins gives you 100-125
               | miles extra range etc. If you time it, filling up a gas
               | tank and going in to pay and all that is not like 40
               | seconds but more in the 5-10 mins mark, so 15 mins top up
               | on a longer journey is not that much longer than filling
               | up.
               | 
               | It's a bit of a different mentality really - with
               | petrol/gas I'd fill up to the brim then drive until I was
               | almost empty, but with an EV I wake up with a full tank
               | and just do a quick top off here and there during the day
               | (assuming I ever need it which 99% of the time I don't)
               | until I can get home and charge overnight where is way
               | way cheaper.
               | 
               | With petrol I'd never stop to just put in a few litres at
               | a time, but doing it with an EV is so simple and easy,
               | and you can go do something else while it's happening.
               | Picking up some groceries, getting a coffee, bio break
               | etc - perfect time for a top up
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | Only a tiny fraction of EV chargers are 100+ kW. Most are
               | 10-20 kW. These are great for office parking garages or
               | shopping malls, but stopping at one for 15 minutes gets
               | you nowhere.
        
           | Quitschquat wrote:
           | Well if you have a Tesla, I believe you can sit in it and it
           | offers games to play on its iPad to kill the time.
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | Everytime I fill my truck up, I'm at the gas station
             | thinking _"man, I wish I could just hang out here for two
             | hours!!"_
        
               | Quitschquat wrote:
               | I'm keeping my Tacoma forever
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | More like 20 minutes, but ok, not everyone likes that.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | what happens when there's more people that need 20
               | minutes? it takes me less than five to pull up, fill up,
               | and go. when the gas station is packed, i might have to
               | wait 4-5 minutes for my turn.
               | 
               | Now quadruple this.
               | 
               | "super extra 1gigawatt charging" isn't coming to my area,
               | potentially ever. Afaik there's two "super chargers" in
               | my metro area, both at dealerships. i've actually _never_
               | seen a Tesla charger in person.
        
               | matsemann wrote:
               | With home charging, I'm almost never charging anywhere
               | else. Maybe a few times a year when doing a longer trip.
               | I just drive, and plug the charger in some times when I
               | get home. I literally never think about range or having
               | to drive a detour to fill it up.
               | 
               | But you have to do that probably weekly. And then also
               | spend a lot of money while doing it. It seems you believe
               | those driving EVs are "suckers", but do you realize you
               | probably spend hours and hours more in a year going to
               | the station and pump compared to most EV owners never
               | having to do that in their daily life?
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | what about people who live in apartment buildings or
               | houses where they have to park on the street?
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Why is your civic infrastructure so crippled? I'm not
               | sure if I'd trust driving over bridges or drinking water
               | in a municipality which is incapable of installing
               | electric plugs.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | Not everywhere on the planet is huge metros with millions
               | of people.
               | 
               | for instance, my nearest gas station is 2 miles away. The
               | nearest place to actually buy fresh food is a 36 mile
               | round trip.
               | 
               | furthermore calling the gigawatt charging stations
               | "electric plugs" is real disingenuous.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | 20 minutes to get you home if there is a free charger,
               | ok.
               | 
               | Zero to a hundred, you know that isn't even remotely
               | true.
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | My cheap EV gets 200+ km of range (124 mi) from 20
               | minutes of charging. Again, why the hell are you talking
               | about two hours. Why are you saying that 20 minutes gets
               | you "home". Why are you talking about charging from 0 to
               | 100 % when that's NOT how you charge an EV, ever. Sounds
               | like you've never driven one.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | No. It doesn't.
               | 
               | Your display says that. And your display is bullshit.
               | 
               | I work with the people that make the displays man. There
               | are entire groups dedicated to deciding what is
               | indefensible lies, and what "could be true under the
               | right circumstances so we're allowed to say/show that"
               | 
               | > Why are you talking about charging from 0 to 100 % when
               | that's NOT how you charge an EV,
               | 
               | lol, go to a charging station sometime and see the people
               | sleeping or watching tv. If it's your primary vehicle and
               | you want to go somewhere, you are going from 0 to 100.
        
             | bhandziuk wrote:
             | Your Tesla has an iPad? Or you're saying someone sitting in
             | a car can play on an iPad if they have one?
        
           | DangitBobby wrote:
           | You could possibly have come to an arrangement about getting
           | a 50 Amp (think dryer plug) hookup in the garage and provided
           | your own charger. Also depending on your driving patterns a
           | trickle charger in a 20 Amp socket may have worked for you as
           | well. Mine takes about 48 hours for a full charge on the
           | trickle charger.
        
             | jjayj wrote:
             | There's no garage, and the only driveway-facing outlet is
             | at the front door - opposite where my parking spot is
             | allocated (an extension cord would have to go under/through
             | the landlord's cars.) I have to drive 60km to work every
             | day.
             | 
             | Only laws (accommodate EVs and/or WFH) or spending time
             | sitting at a gas station will help me here. No landlord is
             | interested in accommodating an EV unless it's a net benefit
             | to them (and thus a net negative to me, who already spends
             | 40% income just to have a place to work.)
        
               | jjayj wrote:
               | ... to live, not work. I can't edit comments from
               | Harmonic.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | Sorry to hear that.
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | Maybe it's possible to rent a cheap parking spot with
               | charger elsewhere and take a
               | tram/metro/bus/bicycle/scooter for the last ten minutes
               | of distance as you get deeper into the city?
               | 
               | Having a car right out one's door is a real luxury
               | though, no more than two steps through any weather. I can
               | see the appeal, just not sure if the collective downsides
               | are worth it compared to arranging good transport inside
               | of, and between, cities. Outside of populated areas,
               | yeah, whatcha gonna do, but at least inside of major
               | settlements we ought to be able to get this done (in many
               | cities it's already okay to not have a car, but imo the
               | facilities to get to the countryside are relatively
               | annoying and needlessly expensive)
        
           | Toutouxc wrote:
           | I'm in the same situation, but I did go electric. I'm in a
           | bigger city in Europe and the public infrastructure here is
           | adequate and reliable. I rarely have to wait for the car to
           | finish charging, it mostly fits my usage.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | Why renters? I own but I still wouldn't have any place to
           | charge if i owned an EV...
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | If you own a house, generally you can do things like
             | install charging points (also backup batteries, solar
             | panels, better insulation, all kinds of fun things) that
             | renters can't.
             | 
             | I'm sure there are some homeowners who can't - maybe listed
             | buildings, or these weird HOA rules I hear about from
             | Americans.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | Yes, especially on the 6th floor :)
        
               | esperent wrote:
               | Well, that's an apartment. We're talking about house
               | owners.
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | No the OP was talking about owners without qualifiers.
               | 
               | Make EVs chargeable for those who choose to live in the
               | urban jungle and then talk about their merits.
        
               | bethekidyouwant wrote:
               | So not the city. Can't wait till we ban ice vehicles from
               | the suburbs.
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | In the UK, in London at least, they're starting to put in
           | more and more ~4-5KW chargers on the electric street
           | lamps/lamp posts.
           | 
           | So far its like 1 or 2 a street (and not all streets either),
           | but hopefully one day it will basically be all of them in
           | every street so you don't need to worry.
           | 
           | So if you need to park overnight on the street anyway, park
           | next to a lamp post that has the socket. Its "slow" charging
           | at 4 to 5 KW, but if you're parked for 8-12 hours (while you
           | are asleep), that is quite a considerable top-up in the
           | 40-50KWh range.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | The same way you fix parking problems and lots of other
           | problems. You have regulations that require landlords to
           | provide certain amenities.
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | One option may be to ask your work to electrify a parking
           | spot for you? Depending on the type of company there can be
           | big enough subsidies and tax-write-off capital investments in
           | adding more electric parking spaces that they might do it
           | just for that. (It can be fun to use accounting games in your
           | personal favor.) For other types of companies they may see
           | that as a possible "captive audience" revenue source, with
           | nickel and dime-ing electric charge fees on top of existing
           | parking fees to be a a fun game to play with their own
           | employees whose cars are stuck in the same place for many
           | hours at a time because they "must" be in the office.
           | 
           | Either of those two common types of companies you can
           | possibly "win" an easy way to charge your daily commute.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | > How do we solve the renters-that-cant-charge-their-cars
           | problem?
           | 
           | By solving the renters-think-they-need-to-own-a-car problem.
        
             | bethekidyouwant wrote:
             | We don't have a housing problem. We have a people think
             | they need a room with a window problem.
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | Lacking windows is incompatible with high quality
               | housing. Cars are incompatible with high quality
               | transportation.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Yeah maybe starting with what they're doing in places in Europe
         | where gradually emission requirements become more strict.
        
           | dontlaugh wrote:
           | Excluding the worst polluters makes a surprisingly big
           | difference, yes.
           | 
           | It's still been a problem in several places though, because
           | it forced poor people with old cars to either upgrade or stop
           | driving. An equitable alternative would have included a way
           | to get a new car free or at least cheap.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Sure, first we spend a trillion dollars for over capacity
         | electrical distribution grids and generation plants.
         | 
         | B100 is almost carbon neutral, and has the energy density
         | necessary for commercial logistics. Finding responsible
         | manufacturing methods is far more feasible.
         | 
         | EV only make sense with distributed generation like home solar.
         | =3
        
           | throwaway473825 wrote:
           | Biodiesel doesn't solve the pollution problem. It's also very
           | expensive, and often produced in an unsustainable way.
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | I like the company looking at a genetically engineered
             | solution, and waste organic matter conversion.
             | 
             | It is cleaner from a sulfur content and long-term carbon
             | cycle perspective, but is very similar to regular fuels.
             | 
             | The dilemma is whether B100 it more difficult to scale than
             | trying to retool our entire global energy infrastructure
             | with finite rare earth metals. =3
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | If all of us renters were forced to convert to electric there'd
         | never be an open charger in any city again for the next five
         | years, because no landlord will voluntarily afford that cost,
         | and no municipal region can pass a ballot measure to afford
         | that cost. California's impending ban of combustion car sales
         | hinges wholly on a magical DC-charging network that doesn't
         | exist in U.S. cities yet (i.e. at parking meters), only at U.S.
         | personal dwellings.
         | 
         | I would love to switch to electric but at current charging
         | times and absolutely horrendously incompetent grid deployments,
         | there's no way all of the thousand people in my building could,
         | much less the million other renters in the city. (And certainly
         | transit can't cope with us either, given the continued
         | homeowner hostility to paying taxes for such things.)
         | 
         | What city has charging available for an average of _greater_
         | than one spot per five hundred multifamily-housing residents?
         | What parking garages anywhere in the U.S. have 25 or more
         | electric vehicle chargers per 100 daytime and /or overnight
         | and/or reserved parking spots, in order to diffuse the grid
         | cost through trickle charging? What funding model is proposed
         | to ensure that's built whether corporate garage owners like it
         | or not? How will states who depend on fuel tax to keep roads in
         | repair avoid cutting off city services to suburban outregions
         | when their asphalt budgets crater?
         | 
         | Technology has downstream effects, and it's not as simple as
         | "buy a Prius" when you consider U.S. non-homeowners. (I assume
         | the prospect for India electric conversions would be much
         | worse, too.) "Ban combustion vehicles" is a lofty goal, but
         | until the charging grid problem is solved, it's an unattainable
         | one.
        
           | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
           | Level 1 charging overnight on a standard 120V outlet, while
           | not ideal, is surprisingly adequate. Granted, many people
           | rely on street parking or otherwise don't have a parking spot
           | that is right beside their dwelling, but for rented houses or
           | complexes with private garages/parking areas the size of the
           | lift isn't necessarily "get upgraded service and a bunch of
           | 240V EVSE put in".
        
             | bruckie wrote:
             | I'll second this. We got a Chevy Bolt a couple of years
             | ago, and I assumed we'd need to install a 240 V EVSE, but
             | it turns out that regular 120 V 12 A charging is totally
             | fine for us. I think there's been one time in the 2.5 years
             | we've had it when we had to go to a nearby fast charger
             | because the battery was getting low.
             | 
             | Of course if you're commuting 2 hours every day, things
             | will be different. But for us, it's been great.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | Yeah I'm charging an EV (with a huge battery) at home on
             | 120v and it's fine 9 out of 10 days.
        
             | Thorrez wrote:
             | None of the apartments I've lived at had a 120V outlet near
             | my parking spot that I could use.
        
               | altairprime wrote:
               | There are no renter-accessible power outlets anywhere in
               | the 300-spot parking garage for my current complex, nor
               | the 300-spot parking garage for my past complex, nor the
               | 12-spot covered parking for my previous complex, etc.
               | (The one prior to all those, I parked directly outside my
               | bedroom window, but we were expressly prohibited from
               | using A/Cs -- and so one can safely assume electric
               | vehicles -- because the supply run for the property's
               | buildings was so badly underprovisioned that we risked
               | melting it and twice blew the entire property circuit
               | altogether.)
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | Same here. Got an EV before we got the proper 7KW charger
             | installed in our house. We had an outdoor socket that the
             | gardeners use for whatever and just have a "granny charger"
             | hooked up to that which I think charges at perhaps 2KW (10A
             | on a 240v UK plug).
             | 
             | We use perhaps 5% battery of our VW ID.3 on a typical day
             | (school run, shops, visiting friends or whatever) so we
             | just do an over-night top-up back to 80% maybe once a week
             | when we get down to ~50%. Working surprisingly well - I am
             | not sure I can be bothered to get the proper charger
             | installed (which is annoying as I have already bought it
             | and the cable for about PS800 and its just sitting in my
             | shed!)
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | Certainly that's a factor -- but, with quantity 300 parking
             | spaces, it's not exactly the main attraction. Very
             | approximately:
             | 
             | Assuming a 120V / 20A = 2400W circuit (more or less
             | standard in a garage):
             | 
             | 100 parking spots = 200A / 24000W; 300 parking spots = 600A
             | / 72000W.
             | 
             | So a distribution line can carry 72kW readily enough --
             | that seems to be about where they are anyways -- but if
             | it's carrying that load, it cannot carry _any other load_ ,
             | which means that _each_ high-capacity parking garage will
             | need a dedicated line from the nearest substation is.
             | 
             | Then, that parking garage will need to distribute that
             | current to 300 parking spot chargers. Even at 120V/20A,
             | that's 300 new circuit taps; 300 wires, initially. You can
             | use three-phase to reduce that to 100 wires @ 120/20A or
             | equivalent each, which is a lot. Or you can reduce that to
             | 3 wires @ 120V/200A or equivalent, at which point you now
             | have the safety considerations of an outdoor distribution
             | wire in a small enclosed fire-prone space, and you're
             | facing the christmas light problem of "one blown bulb"
             | versus one third of your garage.
             | 
             | Then you need to confront "the chargers need to support
             | burst-mode" so that people can push a button to get a
             | temporary fast-charge ignoring all other concerns -- but
             | also "the chargers need to default to trickle-mode", while
             | also considering that trickle-mode should run faster when
             | fewer cars are plugged in (or else tenants will take
             | offense that the chargers aren't using provisioned and
             | available capacity), and that Time-of-Day concerns should
             | cap trickle-mode during peak so that the grid doesn't fail.
             | And that electric vehicles are foreseen as a component of
             | localized grid storage, so garages might need to support
             | backfeeding from cars.
             | 
             | And this all has to be coordinated across three hundred
             | chargers and who knows how many feeder circuits, between
             | one three-phase and three-hundred one-phase, assuming that
             | 72kW (120V/600A) is provisioned to trickle-charge the
             | entire garage each evening at 15A per car max (have to
             | leave some headroom for the burst needs, for momentary
             | overdraw before a charger fuses out a defective vehicle,
             | etc).
             | 
             | This is all _doable_ , but it is logistically _expensive_ ,
             | and I would estimate that cost at perhaps tens of millions
             | of dollars at that scale. Doing this for my old
             | 12-apartment complex would _merely_ require 2.4kW of new
             | power delivery, taps, and distribution under the pavement
             | (there 's no room for overhead poles to be introduced),
             | without sinking the property into the riverbed it's built
             | on, and without breaking the local emergency services grid
             | that it's drawing from when the creek next door floods
             | every few years.
             | 
             | Retrofit costs are estimated at $5000-$15000 per single
             | parking spot (new buildings are wired more efficiently so
             | halve that cost for anything built since the Model S came
             | out). California at one point was offering a 30% subsidy on
             | retrofits; so, for my example, 300 spots * $5000-$15000 =
             | ~2-4 million dollars (napkin rounded) for a single
             | apartment complex. At local 1-bedroom housing prices,
             | that's around 1000 rent-months of capital investment with
             | _no future gain_ -- and that 's the most critical part
             | here. The complex cannot recoup that investment through
             | maintenance and usage fees, because those will have to be
             | paid out in actual maintenance and kilowatt-hours -- and
             | tenants, in this economy, cannot _afford_ to subsidize the
             | buildout cost.
             | 
             | So until retrofits are either state-funded or state-
             | mandated, landlords have little to no reason to invest
             | their money into the future of electric cars, because
             | they'll get pennies on the dollar at best from their
             | investment. And, given their tendency to collude via
             | RealPage, no one will be the first to build out a 100% EV
             | charging garage because that will not only long-term
             | devalue their other properties without increasing the
             | short-term value of the one improved, but also will start a
             | race to the bottom that they are already colluding to try
             | and prevent.
             | 
             | Yes, trickle-charging is electrically feasible -- it's
             | compelling the profitless capital investment that is not.
        
           | xyst wrote:
           | Car based transportation is just not scalable.
           | 
           | Other countries have figured this out. Norway in particular.
           | Working transportation models exist and this country has the
           | funds to make it happen. However because of American
           | Exceptionalism, we have very limited options.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | I'll add another country with even better public transport
             | (especially trains) - Switzerland. A small, dense and very
             | wealthy country that has train station at the heart of
             | every city and many villages, and the rest is covered by
             | buses.
             | 
             | Yet every single morning and evening there is huge traffic
             | jam around every city. Every single year highways are more
             | full, more issue with parking.
             | 
             | If it can't be solved in such ideal country for public
             | transport, I am not holding breath for rest of the world,
             | and just wishing something ain't gonna make it real. There
             | are many reasons why situation is as it is (it costs a lot,
             | even such transport doesn't cover many people's cases well
             | enough and nobody wants to spend 120 mins every day
             | commuting via public transport when its say 60 with cars).
             | 
             | What I can imagine actually working - uber style shared
             | robo (meaning _cheap_ ) taxis/minibuses. Big enough network
             | that one can even switch a car in some 'taxi station' for
             | more efficient trip that would take just marginally longer
             | than driving oneself. This solves a lot of parking issues
             | in cities and would reduce traffic to maybe half or a bit
             | less.
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | _This_. This, this, this. I cannot stress enough how
             | critical this point is. Either we invest a trillion dollars
             | in electrifying parking spots or we invest that in building
             | out transit and bicycling systems. None of them will ever
             | be profitable over the long-run, so we continue with gas
             | vehicles. I would so much prefer not to have to drive to
             | the grocery store when I don 't have 2 hours round-trip to
             | spare on four intersecting transit schedules, or to risk
             | life and limb every time I want to try and bicycle those
             | 2.5 deadly miles across four highway on/offramps where
             | vehicles ignore every "no turn on red" sign in the region
             | and police that don't enforce.
             | 
             | Banning gasoline vehicles is the goal. In the U.S., _all_
             | known solutions require capital investments that
             | corporations can 't extract a 'growth in profit growth over
             | time' from, while disadvantaging the vehicle owners caste.
             | Solve _that_ , and you'll solve a lot more than just
             | gasoline vehicles.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | > Car based transportation is just not scalable.
             | 
             | We have scaled it! We're a country of 330 million people
             | where almost everyone drives.
             | 
             | > However because of American Exceptionalism, we have very
             | limited options.
             | 
             | It's only "American Exceptionalism" insofar as Americans
             | are rich compared to Europeans. Upper middle class people
             | across Europe also live in suburbs and drive to places.
             | American wealth/land space simply enables middle and lower
             | middle class people to do the same thing.
        
               | Zambyte wrote:
               | > We have scaled it!
               | 
               | said the man, 37 trillion dollars in debt. Go team!
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | > If all of us renters were forced to convert to electric
           | there'd never be an open charger in any city again for the
           | next five years, because no landlord will voluntarily afford
           | that cost, and no municipal region can pass a ballot measure
           | to afford that cost.
           | 
           | Landlords can charge tenants over the price of electricity.
           | 
           | > What city has charging available for an average of greater
           | than one spot per five hundred multifamily-housing residents?
           | 
           | Shanghai: https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Latest-
           | WhatsNew/20240508/...
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | The difficult is not electricity prices; those can simply
             | be tariff'd for overhead-slash-profit as all U.S. chargers
             | do already. The difficulty is building out hundreds of
             | chargers within a single city block's worth of the city's
             | x,y grid. That level of power density is generally only
             | seen in heavy industrial zones, and residential
             | distribution grids can barely cope with air conditioners,
             | much less with electric vehicles on top of that, _before_
             | the prospect of upgrading every multifamily residential
             | zone from low-density power to high-density power.
             | 
             | Napkin math time. Assuming that Shanghai has ~1% of China's
             | 420 million vehicles, given that Shanghai has ~2% of
             | China's population (~8 million) and assuming a car
             | ownership rate of 0.5; then Shanghai can be estimated to
             | have 4 million vehicles, while only having 0.8 million
             | charging locations (as the article indicates). 20%
             | certainly does exceed 0.2%, and they're ahead of the game
             | with ~2 charging locations per EV today -- but that also
             | means that they've only converted ~10% of Shanghai's
             | gasoline vehicle population and are only provisioned to
             | support 20% conversion right now.
             | 
             | However, I think that China has a significant advantage
             | versus the U.S. -- they are primarily selling _very small_
             | vehicles for intra-city use. So, their charger capacities
             | can be _significantly_ lower per vehicle than in the U.S.,
             | which reduces their difficulty of electric conversations
             | probably by a full order of magnitude from ours.
        
               | p_j_w wrote:
               | > I think that China has a significant advantage versus
               | the U.S. -- they are primarily selling very small
               | vehicles for intra-city use
               | 
               | This does not match what I've seen in China at all. Nor
               | does it match up with any data I've seen about the best
               | selling cars in China. Do you have any data on this?
        
               | altairprime wrote:
               | Nope, but I have a pile of napkins here covered in
               | scribbles. Appreciate the correction.
        
           | te_chris wrote:
           | I've got an EV in a flat with a terrace in London. There's 4
           | 22kw charging car parks within a few min walk, and a lot more
           | further, plus a few more expensive fast chargers. Works well.
        
           | russdill wrote:
           | Where you park, are there lights? Then there's electricity.
           | It's something that's fixable, we just have to have the will
           | to do it. It's worth it.
        
             | xyzzyz wrote:
             | That's just not how it works. There might be electricity
             | there, but only enough to charge one car at a time. Works
             | for my home garage, but would not work for apartment
             | complex.
        
           | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
           | It's really not as big of deal anymore. My co-worker got an
           | electric car and has his own house with a garage and never
           | ended up installing a wall box. He simply charges at work or
           | while buying groceries.
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | How many chargers per hundred spots do his work or grocery
             | store have?
             | 
             | Typical car density for my nearest three grocery stores is
             | 25-100 vehicles fluctuating during three or four peak
             | hours. The highest number of chargers at any of those
             | stores is 8, followed by 2 and 0; of those, 8 have been out
             | of service for the past 60 days because someone is playing
             | negotiation hardball with the charging services provider.
             | 
             | When the chargers were working, they were nearly at
             | capacity for the entire day, at _current_ (low) levels of
             | electric car fraction of the population; there 's no way
             | they're prepared to cope with a full conversion, at which
             | point the same power density and distribution problem that
             | impacts multifamily parking garages instead (or as well!)
             | affects grocery stores.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | Also a problem in the UK, not just for renters, not for
           | anyone who does not have off street parking.
           | 
           | There are smaller and more practical changes that would have
           | huge benefits. More public transport, pedestrianised areas,
           | encouraging people to drive smaller cars (lots of ways to do
           | that - e.g. reserve some parking for small cars, tax vehicles
           | on weight) would all have huge benefits.
        
           | randunel wrote:
           | I have an electric Leaf and I've never, ever, used a "fast"
           | charger. I've been plugging it in my 10A garden socket and
           | it's perfect for overnight charging, it goes from 10% to 80%
           | from dusk until dawn.
           | 
           | Annoyingly, I've already invested in a 11kW charger (with
           | 22kW infrastructure) which I've never used!
           | 
           | You don't need "magical DC-charging" to go EV.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | Demand induces supply. Probably don't ban it _all at once_,
           | but a gradual phasing out will give plenty of time for
           | chargers to get built. They won't be _free_, but they will be
           | available.
        
             | Ajedi32 wrote:
             | Demand induces higher prices which induces supply. So yes
             | this is 100% solvable by normal market forces, but that
             | doesn't change the fact that it would be very expensive for
             | everyone involved.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | That's a good point! I hadn't thought about that. The benefit
           | of EVs seem highest in the city,[1] but the charging
           | infrastructure isn't there in urban areas.
           | 
           | [1] My wife, being from the west coast, used to walk around
           | NYC in flip flops, and would come home with her feet black
           | from brake dust and soot and god knows what else.
        
           | Zambyte wrote:
           | I never have to wait in line or had issues with supplying
           | power while charging my electric vehicle in my bedroom. The
           | problem is thinking gas car and electric car are your two
           | options.
        
         | HKH2 wrote:
         | Yep, sell your ICE and buy a jet plane instead.
        
         | Graziano_M wrote:
         | I'm against a ban. That sort of pollution is an externality and
         | we could price it in.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | The externalities are all the costs of medical problems and
           | deaths due to pollution, as well as reduced property values
           | due to polluted areas being less desirable. For the former
           | I'd say a ban is appropriate, unless you're suggesting to
           | somehow literally clean the polluted air and pay for it with
           | a gas automobile tax.
        
             | Graziano_M wrote:
             | I mean even campfires and smoking in public have negative
             | externalities which cause cancer. The marginal cost of each
             | is tiny and probably hard to price, but it has a price.
             | Adding this price would slightly offset the cost but more
             | importantly act as a disincentive for buying a polluting
             | vehicle.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | Smoking in public is widely banned. Campfires in
               | populated areas are usually limited to very specific
               | recreational areas. Home wood fires in populated areas
               | are often banned and should be as long as there are
               | reasonable alternatives.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | Yeah, because that's worked so well in other sectors.
           | 
           | You know how Tesla makes a fuckton of money? Selling their
           | carbon credits to industry so they can pollute. So all the
           | pollution reduction caused by people driving Teslas enables
           | industry to pollute instead of controlling their emissions,
           | reducing energy waste, decarbonizing, etc.
        
             | mhb wrote:
             | Isn't that exactly how carbon credits are supposed to work?
        
           | linotype wrote:
           | Then we go to price it in people will say it's anti-free
           | market.
        
           | KingMob wrote:
           | Based on the long history of trying to price in
           | externalities, bans are probably more effective. Just look at
           | how many games are played with carbon "credits", and how
           | little real impact they've had.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | > Just look at how many games are played with carbon
             | "credits", and how little real impact they've had.
             | 
             | Credits are indeed a scam but they are not a mandatory
             | component of a carbon externality tax.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | On the other hand China didn't ban petrol but has heavy
             | incentives for electric and is now at about 50% EVs,
             | similarly Norway is at about 90%. Not exactly pricing the
             | externalities but it kind of works. Like in China I think
             | if you want a vehicle you need a permit and can get one
             | straight away for EVs but have to wait 8 years for petrol
             | or something like that.
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | Wow.
         | 
         | Well, I like that the people that think like this also probably
         | live I places where you are actually driving a coal powered
         | car.
         | 
         | Like the clowns in Hawaii that have extra subsidies for EVs...
         | their power comes directly from burning crude oil.
         | 
         | I'm an automotive EE, and and the truth about EVs is in a rush
         | to push them out the door, the media and politicians have set
         | the tech back at least a decade by pretending it is something
         | it's not.
         | 
         | EVs for most people outside of California. Make a great town
         | vehicle or second vehicle.
         | 
         | A ban on ICE... wow.
        
           | webprofusion wrote:
           | I don't agree with a ban, but burning crude oil (are you sure
           | about that, it's usually refined at least a little?) can have
           | centralised carbon capture and filtration, whereas cars
           | pretty much just pump it straight out. Luckily they made the
           | smoke invisible so it's ok, almost like it's not even there!
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | They don't even unload it from the tankers. Absolute crude.
             | Seen it with my own two.
             | 
             | Exactly, as long as no one sees it, it isn't happening.
             | Same with them burning plastic and trash.
        
           | throwaway473825 wrote:
           | > Well, I like that the people that think like this also
           | probably live I places where you are actually driving a coal
           | powered car.
           | 
           | That's still an improvement for both global and local
           | emissions.
        
           | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
           | There are more benefits to EV conversion in a community than
           | the use of renewable energy, noise and roadside air quality
           | being pretty big ones. Also... how do you know there aren't
           | Hawaiians charging their EVs using rooftop solar? I hear
           | they're known for being in the sun sometimes.
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | > Also... how do you know there aren't Hawaiians charging
             | their EVs using rooftop solar?
             | 
             | Because of math.
             | 
             | A 6 kW house, to charge a 60 kW battery... so long as
             | everyone with an electric vehicle is charging them at their
             | house for 10 sunny hours to charge from empty, you're right
             | and I'm wrong.
             | 
             | Some people could get by, but it leaves the solar for
             | nothing else. If you leave the house while the sun is up
             | you better get back because you're losing daylight!
        
               | simonsquiff wrote:
               | If you don't use your solar, it is pushed to the grid (or
               | batteries, if you have them), so really its about the
               | collective solar that exists in the grid and not a house
               | specific view. As solar rollout increases, the greenness
               | of your EV increases even if you don't charge from your
               | rooftop.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Dude...we are talking about Hawaii. The largest of the
               | islands is just over 4000 square miles. None of the
               | others are over 750 square miles. People drive a lot less
               | in Hawaii than in most of the rest of the country.
               | 
               | The average is 8900 miles per year which is a little
               | under 24 miles per day and a little under 750 miles a
               | month.
               | 
               | If you can charge with solar at 6 kW on a typical EV that
               | will give you about 20 miles per hour of charging. If you
               | can do a little over an hour a day you will be covered.
               | 
               | If you find plugging in for an hour a day to much of a
               | hassle it is under 9 hours a week or 37 hours a month.
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | Dude, literally every single EV-related number you've
               | mentioned around here is so insanely off. Two hours at a
               | charger, 20 minutes of charge just to get home, charging
               | an EV 0 to 100 % and now again, charging a 60 kW battery
               | every day. I don't know what kind of terrible EVs you've
               | seen, but they weren't what normal people drive. Either
               | get some real world experience with EVs or just stop
               | posting about them.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | Interesting... so, for reference I'm an automotive
               | engineer and have worked one at least three EV platforms
               | for big4.
               | 
               | Good to know how wrong I am on this topic. Let me guess,
               | you own an EV? Well, that certain explains it everything.
        
               | BHSPitMonkey wrote:
               | You received some better corrections in earlier replies,
               | which you've chosen to ignore... That's your prerogative
               | of course, but there's no need to resort to "I'll have
               | you know I graduated top of my class in the Navy
               | Seals"-style reverse ad hominem to make an argument.
               | 
               | You made some basic mistakes in your previous reply, such
               | as confusing power (kW) and energy (kWh) and assuming
               | that a typical driver in HI commutes something like 250mi
               | each day. This isn't even typical for drivers on the
               | mainland, where plenty of EV+solar owners manage to
               | replenish most or all of their EV usage using rooftop
               | solar generation just fine.
               | 
               | (If you're going to answer "well, I never said I was
               | considering the median distance/day case - I was talking
               | about the most extreme scenarios!" then I'd suggest at
               | least bumping up the hypothetical solar installation to
               | 10kW instead of going with the median.)
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | While I think there is some merit to what you're saying,
           | you're forgetting two major diferences between driving am ICE
           | car and an EV charged on fossil fuel electricity.
           | 
           | First, EV engines are far, far more energy efficient than
           | ICEs. Secondly, fossil fuel power plants are far more
           | efficient at converting fossil fuels to energy than ICEs are
           | (since the energy efficiency of a thermal engine is
           | proportional to its volume).
           | 
           | The result is that the EV car mileage you'll get by burning
           | 1t of oil in an oil power plant is much, much higher than the
           | mileage you'll get from that same 1t of oil in ICE cars. I'm
           | not 100% sure if this holds true for coal based power plants,
           | but those should be getting relatively rarer.
           | 
           | Not to mention, fossil fuel power plants can have much better
           | filters and some CO2/CH4 capture technologies, so the mileage
           | you get per ton of greenhouse gas emissions is even better
           | than the energy per ton of fossil fuels.
        
             | bruce511 wrote:
             | I'll add that Hawaii currently generates 20%+ of their
             | electricity from non-fossil fuels. Plus they are actively
             | reducing fossil generation with a view to removing it
             | completely.
             | 
             | Changes on this scale take time. But to make the islands
             | much less dependent on fossil fuels, a two-pronged strategy
             | is in play. Reduce fossil fuel generation, but _also_
             | reduce the dependence on fossil fuel in transport.
             | 
             | As a long-term strategy, reducing the cost of importing all
             | that fuel, over vast distances, seems to be a huge win for
             | the islands. In every way (politically, economically,
             | socially, environmentally) generating their own energy is a
             | win.
        
               | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
               | Yes. Only 80% crude oil they pull a tanker up, fuel the
               | plant directly on the tanker and roll another one right
               | in.
               | 
               | Literally the most unrefined and dirty way to create
               | power, as long as the tourists don't see it, and the EV
               | owners that think they're making a different don't know,
               | g2g.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | The choice is between EVs (20% green + 80% oil with
               | extreme energy efficiency, pollution concentrated in
               | industrial zone) vs ICEs (100% oil, extremely energy
               | inefficient, pollution directly where people live).
               | 
               | Seems a pretty simple choice from my point of view.
        
           | KingMob wrote:
           | Well, most of us don't have a plan B if the Earth is wrecked
           | by pollution, but I guess if you beg Musk hard enough, he
           | might invite you to Mars.
           | 
           | We can either do drastic things now, or _desperate_ things
           | later.
        
             | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
             | Hyperbole like that doesn't help anyone.
             | 
             | Pollution and environmental destruction are big problems,
             | but there are no remotely likely scenarios where the Earth
             | "is wrecked by pollution" and a HN reader would need to
             | question the viability of remaining on the planet.
        
           | tzs wrote:
           | > Like the clowns in Hawaii that have extra subsidies for
           | EVs... their power comes directly from burning crude oil.
           | 
           | If all their electricity comes from burning crude oil than
           | they'd get about the same amount of miles in an ICE by
           | refining that oil to gasoline for the cars and an EV by
           | burning the crude oil for electricity, distributing that over
           | the grid to drivers to charge their EVs.
           | 
           | However, about 22% of Hawaii's electricity comes from solar,
           | so the EVs will come out ahead.
           | 
           | Even if we ignore solar and assume the EVs only use
           | electricity from burning crude oil, the crude oil fueled
           | generators should be cleaner than ICE engines, so there would
           | be a significant reduction in total green house gases and
           | particulates.
        
           | chiffre01 wrote:
           | Automotive EE engineer? I'm sure everyone here would love
           | your explanation of EV efficiencies vs ICE in different
           | situations.
        
             | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
             | No they wouldn't.
             | 
             | The all people here shitting on reality - are doing so
             | because they're defending their purchases.
             | 
             | Most people with EV as a primary vehicle were fooled into
             | marketing that does not accurately reflect the product, and
             | they don't want to hear otherwise.
        
         | webprofusion wrote:
         | I don't think banning combustion engines is fighting the right
         | battle, but incentivizing the alternatives (e..g lowering or
         | removing sales tax) is a good idea.
         | 
         | We don't actually want to scrap working cars unless they have
         | reached the end of their life or passed an air quality
         | threshold (UK tests every car over 3 years old, every year,
         | called an MOT). Reduce, reuse, recycle etc.
        
         | mjmas wrote:
         | Requiring LPG would be a better option. (~10x less CO)
        
         | xyst wrote:
         | Ban _all_ cars, bud.
         | 
         | Make streets narrower. Reduce parking. Return road
         | infrastructure in favor of walkability, green areas, and
         | reducing urban heat islands.
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | Just don't do as we did in Norway. Sure, we've seen great
         | adoption to electric, but with the insane amount of money spent
         | and subsidies, we've could instead have improved public transit
         | and _reduced car dependence_.
         | 
         | https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23939076/norway-electric-...
        
         | alexey-salmin wrote:
         | I can think of many. The list should start with coal power
         | plants (hello, green Germany), then two-stroke engines (both
         | mopeds and leaf blowers / lawn mowers), then diesel engines,
         | especially diesel buses and trucks. None of that is in place.
         | 
         | Modern gasoline and hybrid cars are fine, banning them at this
         | point in time would mean a drop in quality of life for
         | negligible gain.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Diesel transport trucks and busses are getting a lot of work
           | done per gallon. How much worse are their emissions?
           | 
           | Hybrid cars might be good enough, but banning pure combustion
           | cars _from cities_ sounds perfectly reasonable to me. No real
           | quality of life impact.
        
             | boesboes wrote:
             | And how are we going to charge all those EV's? the grid is
             | already overloaded in many places. Here we are requested to
             | not charge our cars during certain times to reduce load.
             | 
             | And how will all the people that are buying 500EUR second
             | hand cars afford electric?
             | 
             | Don't get me wrong, I think there is merit in a ICE free
             | future, especially in urban areas, but the practicalities..
             | And I am not convinced the long term impacts of EV are
             | fully appreciated necessarily.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Realistically this is what's happening in the UK with "low
           | emission zones", the worst of the emitters are banned.
           | Although public buses of course get an exemption until they
           | can manage a changeover.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Meant German cities have electric or natural gas buses.
           | Electric local delivery vans are becoming more common.
        
         | badgersnake wrote:
         | I live in a city and I don't have a car. There are very few
         | places to charge it, and many of the lamppost charges are
         | seemingly permanently broken. Charging at home is not an option
         | as I would have to park it on the street. If I needed a car I
         | would definitely go ICE or hybrid, thankfully I don't.
        
       | aetherspawn wrote:
       | I pick up a bad screw every year from careless Ute drivers with
       | leaky toolboxes and have to throw 1-2 tyres in the bin.
       | 
       | Tyre wear isn't that important to me.
        
         | defrost wrote:
         | > and have to throw 1-2 tyres in the bin.
         | 
         | That's your choice.
         | 
         | We jack the car, pull the wheel, extract the screws, and use a
         | tyre plug kit.
         | 
         | Howto repair tubeless tyres with plugs:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCwWPlaghfs
         | 
         | Tyres with inner tubes can also be repaired, that's slightly
         | more involved.
        
           | MindSpunk wrote:
           | depends where the puncture is. too close to the sidewall and
           | you have to bin them. if they've already been plugged once
           | and theu get another puncture its off to the bin.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | > if they've already been plugged once and theu get another
             | puncture its off to the bin.
             | 
             | Again, that's your personal choice.
             | 
             | We've got off road and on road tyres we still use with four
             | to five tyre plugs in them that have lasted a few years
             | since their last puncture.
             | 
             | I'm in non urban Australia and have cars actively used with
             | > 500,000 km on the clock. We were raised to maintain gear;
             | be it cars, trucks, aircraft, excavators, bob cats, etc.
        
               | MindSpunk wrote:
               | It's a choice in so much as I would be gambling against
               | how likely I am to get knocked back at a safety
               | inspection for having plugs on the side wall. I'm in
               | urban NSW and whether I'd get by a safety inspection
               | would be a gamble on how particular the mechanic is. One
               | of the mechanics I go to warned me about a single
               | slightly cloudy headlight for my next inspection, which
               | is comical compared to some of the cars I've seen on the
               | roads in Sydney. I'm sure he'd be a big fan of those
               | tyres.
               | 
               | Understandable if you're rural though.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | I didn't advocate sidewall plugs.
               | 
               | What I can say is that properly fitted plugs in the tread
               | can last a long time with little leakage and that three
               | or four plugs in the tyre tread (widely spaced, not all
               | jammed in a big hole) seem to last a fair few years.
        
             | aetherspawn wrote:
             | Yes, this, it depends. It has to be in the middle 100mm or
             | so of the tyre, and not between the treads, otherwise they
             | won't plug it.
             | 
             | Annoyingly, plugs are not perfect either: after a tyre has
             | been plugged I'm putting air in it like every 2 months, so
             | anecdotally I guess the plugs leak really slowly.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | I plug shoulders in large part because it drives certain
             | people up the wall. I'd say maybe half the time they last
             | the life of the tire. Frequently they're finicky and
             | unreliable. Less often than that they start a tread
             | separation bubble. In either latter case I just trash the
             | tire since that's easy enough.
             | 
             | Yeah a proper internal glue on patch would likely perform
             | better in the shoulder but ain't nobody got time for that,
             | that's like 90% of the work of changing the tire.
        
         | spike021 wrote:
         | Almost entirely unrelated but this comment reminded me of the
         | Mighty Car Mods youtube channel.
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | A lot of tyre shops offer insurance which might be beneficial
         | for you if you reckon you have a higher-than-average rate of
         | punctures.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | That doesn't change the rate at which tires get replaced for
           | damage though, just the payment structure.
        
       | senectus1 wrote:
       | lol no shit sherlock.
       | 
       | I've owned a Pirus (hybrid), Camry Hybrid and now a Rav4 Hybrid
       | plus a MG4 EV.
       | 
       | The rav and MG4 are too new to count, but the other two I owned
       | for about 10-13 years each.. we NEVER needed to change the brake
       | pads.
       | 
       | Not once.
       | 
       | If you're having to change the brake pads on a car like this,
       | you're a leadfoot with no core strength issues :-P
        
       | nine_k wrote:
       | I suppose the same should apply to hybrid cars, which outnumber
       | pure EVs significantly [1]. The effect comes from converting the
       | kinetic energy back to the battery charge via generation instead
       | of wasting it via friction, which is the whole point of hybrids.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.consumeraffairs.com/automotive/how-many-
       | electric...
        
         | frollogaston wrote:
         | And manual transmission cars kinda, though the energy is still
         | wasted of course
        
           | OptionOfT wrote:
           | Depends on how you drive. I never engine braked on my manual.
           | Brakes are easy to replace. Clutches are not.
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | You need not burn your clutch to engine break.
        
             | hassaanr wrote:
             | engine braking does not have any effect on the clutch,
             | other than while downshifting, which if you're
             | blipping/rev-matching has practically no effect
        
               | isoprophlex wrote:
               | Exactly, if your clutch suffers abuse when you are
               | shifting gears (unless you're trying to aggressively
               | accelerate of course) you need to rethink what you're
               | doing.
               | 
               | Not saying it's smart but when predictably decelerating
               | on the highway I sometimes shift gears by rev matching
               | and changing without even touching the clutch, for the
               | fun of it.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | Same on a motorcycle. My current bike has a quickshifter
               | (for both up and down shifting) but even without one you
               | can shift up and down without ever touching the clutch
               | just by pushing on the shift pedal while blipping the
               | throttle off-and-on (for an upshift) or on-and-off (for a
               | downshift). That's all the quickshifter is really doing
               | anyway, it's just quicker at it than you are.
               | 
               | I'd wager bordering on 100% of my clutch use is when
               | coming to a complete stop.
        
             | MindSpunk wrote:
             | You don't engine brake with the clutch, you engine brake by
             | downshifting and using the higher engine RPM in lower gears
             | to brake the car via wasted compression.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | And that downshifting involves a clutch operation, moving
               | the engine into a higher RPM. That most certainly wears
               | down the clutch, talking as someone who's replaced quite
               | a few of them.
        
               | throwawaysoxjje wrote:
               | Are you really shifting so much that your clutch slip in
               | the middle of the shift effects clutch lifetime?
        
               | beau_g wrote:
               | I've seen an interesting A-B test with this seeing the
               | difference in clutch wear between the Ferrari F1
               | transmission in the 599 and 612 and the DuoSelect
               | transmission which is essentially the same box in the
               | Quattroporte. The shifting strategy and technique is more
               | of a controlled variable here because the shifting is
               | automatic though it's a somewhat traditional manual
               | gearbox with hydraulic actuation. The QP is a bit heavier
               | but the Ferraris make a lot more power. From what I saw
               | the cars that fared far worse were the Quattroportes, and
               | those that ate the most clutches by far were the ones
               | putting around the city, especially in San Francisco,
               | Marin, Los Altos Hills, etc. where people are slowly
               | creeping into parking spots on hills. On the Ferraris
               | that are weekend warriors that get driven hard the
               | clutches could go 30k+ miles no problem, Quattroportes
               | would come in with smoked clutches in a few thousand
               | miles sometimes.
        
               | jve wrote:
               | Sorry, ain't native: Which car use downshifting to help
               | braking? Cannot wire in my brains whether this example is
               | pro-downshift braking or not.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | I think their point is that you eat clutch when you slip
               | it e.g. when you're getting in and out if parking on
               | hills, or in city stop and go traffic. When the clutch is
               | fully engaged there's little wear even hard-driving, and
               | doing a straight in-and-out does not bother clutches
               | much.
               | 
               | Hence Quattroportes eating clutches like nobody's
               | business while the harder-ridden higher-power Ferraris
               | don't.
               | 
               | As such downshifting would not wear clutches much.
               | 
               | And anecdotally I've never suffered from or heard of
               | engine braking causing clutch issues.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | I semi-daily drive a DuoSelect Quattroporte, but usually
               | in light traffic. The clutch-eating problem is sorta
               | inherent to the car. First off, it uses extra clutch to
               | smooth out shifts in non-sport mode, and you don't always
               | want sport mode because it stiffens the suspension a lot.
               | But even in sport, you can't always get it to behave
               | predictably. So given an experienced driver with both
               | cars in city traffic, the DuoSelect will eat clutch
               | faster than a stick. Some install an aftermarket box
               | (Formula Dynamics) to improve this, but still.
               | 
               | Idk how the Ferraris are different. They're lighter at
               | least. Think they also have a different version of the
               | "Superfast" software.
               | 
               | Anyway... I do engine-brake it. The real brakes
               | appreciate not having to stop that limo by themselves.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | Forgot to clarify, there is a clutch-eating problem when
               | driving the car properly, but it's not THE clutch-eating
               | problem people talk about where it dies in 10-15K miles
               | from treating the car as a regular automatic.
        
               | pbmonster wrote:
               | The clutch wear on a standard downshift must absolutely
               | negligible when compared to accelerating from a full stop
               | and especially when compared to slower-that-idle
               | operation, i.e. parking.
               | 
               | Also, I have never ever had to replace a clutch, and I
               | drive my cars way past 100k miles.
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | My 300k km Volvo S60 still runs on its original clutch,
               | and I changed the brake pads only once. Engine braking is
               | the way.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | I didn't quite get if you think changing gears for the
               | purpose of engine braking wears the clutch more than
               | normal or not. Are you using the force from the clutch to
               | force the engine to go from a low RPM to a high RPM? In
               | cases like that where the difference in RPM is
               | significant, I would press the clutch pedal, then speed
               | up the engine by pressing the gas pedal, downshift, then
               | release the clutch. Rev matching, basically. It does wear
               | the clutch a teeny tiny bit, but not more than any other
               | gear change.
               | 
               | If your comment wasn't meant to imply that engine braking
               | wears the clutch more than normal gearing, if you just
               | want to avoid gear changes as much as possible, disregard
               | this comment. (Although... I'm not sure that that's a
               | valid worry, modern clutches last a _LONG_ time when used
               | properly)
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | You might not execute the rev-match perfectly every time,
               | esp if you're doing a heel-toe. I think it's also harder
               | on the synchro.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Sure, and I definitely don't rev-match close to perfect
               | every time. I'm just saying you don't have to use the
               | clutch to accelerate your motor all the way from minimum
               | RPM, which it sounded like my parent comment might be
               | suggesting
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | I think that suggestion was that you're holding the
               | clutch pedal in longer while you bring up the RPMs,
               | compared to upshifting which is faster. The clutch does
               | wear a bit even when "fully" disengaged. But I don't
               | think it matters enough here, just don't leave it like
               | that during a red light.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | Most of clutch wear comes from making it slip, while
               | accelerating from a standstill.
               | 
               | You don't make it slip when shifting gear.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Yes but actually no.
               | 
               | It wears the clutch but clutch wear is massively
               | dominated by starts from a stop or other cases where you
               | actively slip it any noteworthy amount so just rowing the
               | gears up and down doesn't do much.
        
               | NwtnsMthd wrote:
               | It's a negligible amount, especially if you (or your car)
               | does rev matching. My last car (BMW 328) made it to 300k
               | miles on the original clutch.
        
               | supportengineer wrote:
               | Clutch wear occurs when the clutch is _slipping_ so you
               | always want to minimize the _slipping_ time.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Actually you'll get some engine braking by just letting
               | off the gas and stepping on the break. Fuel will get cut
               | off in these cases in most cars (unless you're running a
               | very old carburetor car)
        
             | 01100011 wrote:
             | Yep, years ago I had a friend with a VW Beetle and he'd
             | never use the brakes unless he had to. I thought it was
             | cool and carried the story with me. One day I mentioned it
             | to a mechanic friend and that was his exact response. I've
             | never changed a clutch, but I've changed plenty of brakes
             | and yeah, not hard or expensive.
        
             | isoprophlex wrote:
             | You don't need to touch your clutch to do engine breaking.
             | If you wear out your clutch by shifting gears you're doing
             | something wrong
        
           | cloverich wrote:
           | Surprisingly you can get nearly same effect in automatics. I
           | put around 60k miles on my first automatic (after120k+ on my
           | first two cars, manual transmissions) and when i got my
           | brakes checked at 63k they noted my brakes were still "brand
           | new". I do gamify reading traffic to try and brake as little
           | as possible (to help pass time etc), but was still surprised
           | how far this takes you given i do plenty of stop and go
           | traffic driving. This was a v6 sedan so lighter than an suv /
           | truck. I expected it to not work in automatics but it does to
           | at least some extent. I swapped for an EV before taking it
           | the usual distance and curious if anyones pushed further and
           | how far.
        
             | MindSpunk wrote:
             | It's not "nearly". It's exactly the same effect.
             | Compression braking. Even if you're not on the throttle the
             | engine is still rotating as it's connected to the wheels.
             | If the engine is rotating it is compressing air. If it's
             | compressing air but not igniting fuel (throttle closed)
             | then it will suck energy out of the wheels to compress the
             | air.
             | 
             | You can do it in an automatic, you just have to force it to
             | select a lower gear using the gear number options (1, 2, 3,
             | 4) or using the tiptronic mode. The lower gear means the
             | engine will displace more air in the same amount of time,
             | increasing the rate it pulls energy from the wheels.
             | 
             | People think you can't do it in automatics because they try
             | very hard to keep engine RPM low where the effect is
             | diminished.
        
               | peterbecich wrote:
               | Related to this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressio
               | n_release_engine_bra...
        
               | agurk wrote:
               | If it takes energy to compress the air in the cylinder -
               | doesn't it also release most of that energy when that
               | compressed air is expanded on the subsequent stroke?
               | 
               | If you release the compressed air without pushing the
               | cylinder down you would lose that energy, but you would
               | need a extra device to do so (by lifting a valve at the
               | right time). This option does exist for large vehicles
               | like trucks as a compression release engine brake [0],
               | but this isn't something you'd have on a family car.
               | 
               | In a petrol engine you always want the same ratio of
               | petrol to air in the mix that is taken into a cylinder.
               | As you want to vary the amount of fuel, and therefore
               | power developed, you have to be able to therefore limit
               | the amount of air that is sucked in. Otherwise the engine
               | would always run at full power.
               | 
               | There is a mechanical restrictor called a throttle plate
               | that lives inside the throttle body that restricts how
               | much air the cylinder can pull in (and therefore how much
               | fuel is injected to get the same fuel/air mix). This is
               | controlled by the throttle. When you are coasting, this
               | plate is in its most closed position. This creates
               | significant resistance on the intake stroke, and is where
               | the majority of energy is lost during engine braking.
               | This is also known as a pumping loss.
               | 
               | Diesels always intake the same amount of air, so they can
               | compress it enough to autoignite the fuel. They vary the
               | amount of fuel injected to the same volume of air. This
               | means no throttle body or plate, so unless an extra
               | exhaust restrictor has been added there is minimal engine
               | braking on a diesel engine.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_release_eng
               | ine_bra...
        
               | MindSpunk wrote:
               | You're right. Petrol engines are air pumps so I should've
               | realised the explanation wasn't correct.
               | 
               | Though the ECU would be doing the AFR management on
               | modern EFI engines as the injectors aren't vacuum
               | operated like Carburetors were. You should be able to cut
               | fuel injection when coasting in a modern engine, can't
               | run lean if there's no fuel at all. Not sure if carbs
               | could do the same.
        
               | agurk wrote:
               | On all the fuel injected engines I have owned there is a
               | physical cable that controls the position of the throttle
               | plate. There is an airflow mass sensor the other side of
               | the plate to measure the amount of air and therefore how
               | much fuel needs to be injected. So interestingly in these
               | sort of engines you're really just controlling airflow to
               | the engine rather than fuel/air mix like on one with a
               | carburettor.
               | 
               | More modern engines have electronically controlled
               | throttle plates, and this is definitely somewhere you
               | could do something clever like you suggest - cutting fuel
               | flow but also maximising airflow when there is zero
               | throttle input.
               | 
               | I assume engine braking is generally considered a
               | beneficial thing by manufacturers, but it could be fun to
               | be able to customise the amount. Or do something like
               | have the braking come on gently at first then harder.
               | Maybe even try and have a linear or flat response curve
               | vs. engine rpm.
        
               | yetihehe wrote:
               | > Or do something like have the braking come on gently at
               | first then harder.
               | 
               | You can do this by letting go of gas pedal slowly. I have
               | "current amount of fuel used" info in my car
               | (liters/100km), it shows pretty clearly, that when going
               | fast and slowly letting go of gas, amount of fuels slowly
               | goes to 0. If I let go of gas fast, the engine is
               | intelligent enough to not close throttle as fast as
               | possible, still probably takes 1 second.
               | 
               | > More modern engines have electronically controlled
               | throttle plates, and this is definitely somewhere you
               | could do something clever like you suggest - cutting fuel
               | flow but also maximising airflow when there is zero
               | throttle input.
               | 
               | They cut fuel flow and close throttle plate almost
               | completely but still allow some small amount of air, in
               | order to actually do engine braking. If you need to
               | coast, you can apply clutch in manual. Don't know that
               | much about automatic, but from what I've driven, they use
               | "lift gas" as a "engine braking" signal, so probably they
               | can't really coast that good.
        
               | MindSpunk wrote:
               | I've got both at the moment on my two Hondas. Both
               | manual, one with a throttle cable and one with throttle-
               | by-wire. There's quite a bit of difference in how they
               | handle off throttle. The cable will just slam the
               | throttle shut if you just jump off the pedal (obviously)
               | and it jerks pretty hard. The throttle-by-wire car hangs
               | the throttle a little when letting off and doesn't just
               | immediately start decelerating. Then it's much smoother
               | once it does start slowing down. The ECU definitely doing
               | something to smooth it out.
               | 
               | Funny because the cars build dates are only 2 years
               | apart, 2005 and 2007, and they're both K20 engines but
               | the engines handle so different.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | The ECU is doing that because rapid changes in state are
               | bad for emissions. Letting you just slam the throttle
               | closed could result in a tiny, but measurable at OEM
               | scale, amount of extra fuel going half burnt out the
               | tailpipe. Slamming it open can cause too lean combustion
               | and oxide byproducts which.
               | 
               | The OEMs try real hard to prevent this because the
               | amounts of emissions byproducts that aren't water or C02
               | they're allowed to produce are on the order of single
               | digit grams per multiple miles (you can mentally file it
               | as "about the baseline air quality in urban areas" though
               | the rules are hugely more complex than that) so these
               | edge cases matter.
        
               | tkj922 wrote:
               | An idling I4 has about 10 injection cycles per second.
               | And the ECU clocks injection time corrections at least at
               | that rate, more likely at double that rate or more. So I
               | think that the smoothing is mostly there for the owner's
               | wellbeing, not emissions.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | > it could be fun to be able to customise the amount
               | 
               | Some recentish motorbikes have an option to customise the
               | amount of engine brake, I suppose cars could have
               | something similar, too.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | > cutting fuel flow but also maximising airflow when
               | there is zero throttle input
               | 
               | You don't want to do this. Much of the engine braking
               | effect is from pulling the intake air charge past the
               | mostly closed throttle plate. On a car with a wide open
               | throttle plate [even with no fuel], the engine is acting
               | more like a spring than a damper. On the intake stroke,
               | it will pull an intake air charge past the small
               | restriction of the open intake valve(s), then compress it
               | on the compression stroke, then release that compressed
               | energy on the "power" stroke, then exhaust it past the
               | small restriction of the open exhaust valves. Pushing air
               | past the valves will cost energy, but it's not much.
               | 
               | This is why diesel trucks' engine braking works
               | differently. (Diesels don't have a throttle plate.) They
               | can open the exhaust valves to prevent the energy
               | recovery in the "power" stroke to create a higher net
               | braking force. Jake Brake: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
               | Compression_release_engine_bra...
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | What everyone is missing is that a petrol engine is
               | sucking against a vacuum behind the throttle blade.
               | 
               | It's basically like an air compressor that just keeps
               | running despite hitting max pressure and every pump just
               | goes out the blow off valve.
        
               | jve wrote:
               | I'v bee downshifting manually with automatic especially
               | when riding downhill. The effect with Chrysler T&C 2009
               | was very noticable and effective.
               | 
               | Toyota Sienna 2015 - the braking effect is unfortunately
               | minor.
        
               | bigfatkitten wrote:
               | Many modern automatics are smart enough to do this for
               | you if you tap the brakes while rolling downhill.
        
               | yakkers wrote:
               | An aside on your last point: In the D gear, a lot of auto
               | transmissions will be set up to allow for the wheels to
               | spin somewhat independently of the engine (in any gear)
               | when you aren't accelerating, which accounts a lot for
               | how well an automatic will coast when you release the
               | throttle, even if you're not going fast enough for top
               | gear (especially apparent with older four speed boxes).
               | 
               | Using the numbered gear options will enable
               | clutches/bands that provide more engine braking.
        
               | MindSpunk wrote:
               | Huh, interesting. I had thought it was just from the
               | higher gears being used. Vast majority of my driving is
               | with manual, I've only really driven modern autos with 5+
               | gears (and a Toyota hybrid, which don't really have gears
               | at all).
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | It depends on the implementation. I ride an automatic
               | motorbike which will downshift if I grab the brakes a bit
               | harder, even if I'm only slowing to a speed to which it
               | wouldn't otherwise shift.
               | 
               | For example, if I brake somewhat hard from 130 km/h to
               | 90, it will downshift from 6th to 5th. When riding
               | normally, it would stay in 6th down to around 50.
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | Auto trans downshift is designed for long hills, not
               | downshifting frequently to stop signs etc like you'd do
               | with a stick.
               | 
               | Even with paddles, there's a delay, or it briefly goes
               | neutral, or it doesn't rev-match well. Or you can't
               | double/triple-downshift, which is worse when you have
               | 8-12 gears. Allegedly wears them down faster too, which
               | idk but would not be surprised if it were true given how
               | unhappy it feels.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | No reason for it not to work, even more so if you think to
             | downshift. It's more common with manual as downshifting is
             | a lot more natural but not fundamentally different.
             | 
             | It's just trivially easy with electric thanks to regen
             | braking.
             | 
             | Though with modern cars getting heavier if you have a small
             | ICE these days you have almost no engine brake which makes
             | some cases more difficult (unless it's a mild hybrid with
             | an electric kers like some of the small engined fords).
             | SUVs tend to have giant engines and pretty high rolling
             | resistance, which I'd think would somewhat compensated for
             | their higher inertia.
             | 
             | It's all about learning your car's behaviour and planning
             | for it.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I don't know about today's engines, but some early fuel
               | injected engines would actually use more fuel when engine
               | braking. In those early designs spark could not be cut
               | off, so if this extra fuel were not added then the
               | mixture would run very hot and risk pre-ignition and
               | damage. I don't know about carbureted vehicles.
        
               | wazoox wrote:
               | It only applies to mechanical injection and carburettor
               | engines. With electronic injection, which is the norm
               | since the 80s, this is not a problem.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | To some extent, but not really. Effectiveness of regenerative
         | braking depends on having an extremely large battery that can
         | sink enough current to stop the car. An EV can do that, hybrids
         | at best help the brakes out some. You just can't charge the
         | battery fast enough doing anything but a very slow rolling
         | stop. My model Y can effect a very reasonable stop in traffic
         | without touching the brake pedal except to hold the car at the
         | end.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | In normal driving hybrid regen is more than enough to do the
           | job. Just look at the front wheels of any Prius. There are
           | reasons all the Uber drivers choose the Prius.
        
           | dyselon wrote:
           | We finally gave up our Prius after 12 years, and we never
           | changed the brakes once. The brakes were just peeking into
           | the yellow on its last service upgrade. I was really
           | impressed with how well the "normal" hybrid could take
           | advantage of regenerative breaking, honestly.
        
             | Helmut10001 wrote:
             | I first changed the brakes on my Mitsubishi Space Star
             | (combustion) after 13 years. It is a small car, less than
             | 1000kg, so there is little for the brakes to do. If we
             | produced more percentage of small cars, many environmental
             | risks would be reduced. And btw.: The tires are now 19
             | years old and still good (less weight, less abrasion!).
        
               | Tempest1981 wrote:
               | Rubber degrades with UV exposure, even if the tread depth
               | is ok. Be careful, esp at higher speeds.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Beware of dry rot. Rubber that old is likely not in as
               | good shape as it might appear, and could fail
               | catastrophically in the right conditions.
        
               | jajko wrote:
               | That's not OK by any means, you don't have mandatory
               | periodical technical inspections? This would fail
               | immediately in any half-decent country. An example -
               | wife's older Seat has 6 years old winter tires which were
               | given for free when buying it second hand a year ago.
               | Technician just told us even those are beyond acceptable
               | here in Switzerland and we need to change them before
               | next inspection.
               | 
               | Your very old tires makes you a serious threat on the
               | road while completely oblivious about this fact... not
               | cool, please change them if you drive on public roads, if
               | not for you just for the sake of others.
        
               | Helmut10001 wrote:
               | We are in Germany, which has the highest inspection
               | standards. The tires have passed every inspection. They
               | look like new, but I will still replace them soon, just
               | in case. I am writing this because most people cannot
               | imagine that a 900 kg car puts very little pressure on
               | tires, so they are hardly used.
        
               | pkolaczk wrote:
               | Seriously, you should not use tires older than 10 years.
               | They degrade over time.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Time based degradation is mostly a factor of exposure to
               | the sun and the weather.
               | 
               | I just trashed some 15yo Firestones last month, after
               | wearing them completely bald of course.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > My model Y can effect a very reasonable stop in traffic
           | without touching the brake pedal except to hold the car at
           | the end.
           | 
           | My manual car could do this 20 years ago. My fully ICE
           | motorcycle can do it today.
           | 
           | I know engine braking is cool but it's not some amazing new
           | thing only EVs can do. Altho granted it only produces heat
           | and noise in petrol vehicles. But it also makes your heart
           | sing so that's nice
        
             | shmoe wrote:
             | The difference is neither of those generates gasoline on an
             | ICE vehicle.
        
               | tzs wrote:
               | Yup. For example on a round trip today in me EV (2025
               | Hyundai Kona) on the out here are the stats:
               | 2 kWh for the drivetrain        809  Wh regenerated
               | 
               | On the way home:                    2 kWh for the
               | drivetrain        547  Wh regenerated
               | 
               | For the round trip that's 33% less energy use than if the
               | car did not have regenerative braking.
               | 
               | I'm mostly happy about that but there is one thing that
               | annoys me. 33% is close to how much a kilometer is
               | shorter than a mile (38%).
               | 
               | Why the fuck would I care that these two numbers are that
               | close? It is because of a mystery in the Hyundai app.
               | When you look up the trip details for an EV trip it gives
               | you mileage, duration, and energy use (drivetrain,
               | climate, accessories) and regeneration.
               | 
               | The mileage is substantially less than what the car
               | shows. For example for the aforementioned trip home that
               | trip odometer shows 8.0 miles but the Hyundai app shows 5
               | miles. The car odometer has the correct distance.
               | 
               | There are two theories to explain this.
               | 
               | 1. The app is showing how many miles worth of energy you
               | used rather than your actual trip mileage. All the other
               | data it shows (except for the duration) is energy
               | related. For my 8.0 mile trip I got 3 miles worth of the
               | energy the drivetrain used back via regeneration, so I
               | only actually paid for 5 miles worth of electricity.
               | 
               | Based on the Wh given it should actually be 5.4 miles,
               | but the app only displays integer mileage so 5 it is.
               | 
               | 2. It's a botched unit conversion. E.g., the car uploads
               | the data in miles but the expects the data to be in km,
               | so it is doing a conversion. That would turn the 8.0 into
               | 5.0, which would be 5 in the app and so matches what
               | theory #1 predicts.
               | 
               | I've checked several of my trips and they have always
               | happened to have the right amount of regeneration so that
               | the two theories match due to the app only showing an
               | integer mileage.
               | 
               | I did a test today to try to tell them apart. I changed
               | the car's settings to km and took a trip. The idea was if
               | the car had been uploading in miles that would hopefully
               | change it to upload in km, matching the app's
               | expectation, and so the miles shown in the app would
               | match the actual miles of the trip if theory #2 was
               | correct, and show the regeneration corrected miles if
               | theory #1 was correct.
               | 
               | The result was that the app still showed miles consistent
               | with theory #1. So mystery solved, right?
               | 
               | Maybe not. When the car was set to miles everything
               | showed in miles. Speedometer, odometers, efficiency
               | (mi/kWh), speed limits it read from traffic signs, and
               | speed limits it gets from the map data when using
               | navigation on highways.
               | 
               | I expected than when I switched it to km all of those
               | would be in km, and I would not see miles anywhere. Also,
               | I expected that when it saw a speed limit sign that said
               | say 60 it would interpret that as 60 km/hr.
               | 
               | What actually happened is that miles mostly did go away,
               | except on the speedometer it added a smaller mi/hr
               | display under the km/hr display. For the traffic signs it
               | still knew they were in mi/hr and it converted them, so
               | when I got on the freeway as soon as I passed the sign
               | that said 60 the speed limit sign shown on the instrument
               | cluster said 97, and the red dot on the speedometer
               | showing the current limit was placed in the right place.
               | 
               | That suggests that the car knows it is in a country that
               | uses miles, and doesn't just go by whatever the units
               | setting in the setup screen is set to. It could be that
               | in miles countries the car also uploads in miles all the
               | time, and so switching the units setting to km would not
               | change the results if theory #2 was true.
               | 
               | Now my plan is to find a big parking lot that is mostly
               | empty overnight, such at a Walmart or Home Depot or a
               | mall, go there and turn the car off and then back on
               | which starts a new trip, set regeneration to 0 which
               | turns off automatic regeneration on the accelerator so
               | the car only regenerates when you use the brake pedal,
               | and then drive around the parking lot for about 10 miles
               | without using the brakes, then coast to a stop and turn
               | the car off the end the trip.
               | 
               | Then I'll turn it back on, drive home, and check the trip
               | details in the app. If theory #1 is right then the miles
               | in the app should match the odometer miles. If theory #2
               | is correct the app miles should still be 38% shorter than
               | the odometer miles.
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | And how often did you engine break with that ICE car when
             | driving around the city? Because I did it only when driving
             | down extreme slopes. It also cannot do a full stop.
             | 
             | With an EV I don't touch breaks unless in situations I fail
             | to/couldn't predict (maybe up to 10% of all speed
             | reductions and even less stops).
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | > And how often did you engine break with that ICE car
               | when driving around the city?
               | 
               | Oh all the time. I used to drive like a typical youth.
               | I've been in USA for 10 years now and still hate driving
               | automatics because they shift into too high a gear and
               | then you have to constantly use the brakes. It's
               | annoying.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | I have an ICE car and motorcycle, and an EV. The EV slows
             | down much more quickly when slowing down, to the point
             | where it's a good replacement for the brake, as opposed to
             | the ICE vehicles, where you need to use the brake a lot
             | more. It's not comparable.
        
               | Swizec wrote:
               | > The EV slows down much more quickly when slowing down,
               | to the point where it's a good replacement for the brake
               | 
               | Are you comparing to an automatic ICE or a manual?
               | 
               | In my experience of driving EVs their engine braking is
               | sub-par to what I'm used to at least from my motorcycle.
               | Bikes have silly high compression compared to their
               | weight. You def have to be careful about chopping the
               | throttle.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | An automatic, with a manual you can shift down to
               | whatever you want, so there's no standard there, really.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | Can't really compare the engine braking of a Model Y and a
             | ICE vehicle to be honest.
             | 
             | I also like the noise, but it is noise pollution that is
             | very annoying to everyone else.
        
           | arnonejoe wrote:
           | I test drove an EV and the regenerative braking was difficult
           | to get used to. You have to constantly ride the gas pedal. I
           | would buy an EV if it weren't for this feature.
        
             | Rover222 wrote:
             | You can toggle off regen braking on most EVs
        
             | mrpippy wrote:
             | Some EVs allow different levels of regenerative braking to
             | be selected. The Hyundai/Kia E-GMP-based cars have level
             | 0-3 plus a 1-pedal mode, and also an "auto" mode that slows
             | down more based on radar proximity to the car ahead.
        
             | schmookeeg wrote:
             | We have owned 4 EVs and each allow you to configure the
             | regen braking strength. You'll need another reason to not
             | buy one.
        
               | apelapan wrote:
               | Tesla is a quite common EV brand. They do not allow
               | configuring regen braking, except for the behaviour at
               | stand-still.
               | 
               | (They also don't do blending between friction brakes and
               | regen, so the cars behaviour when letting of the
               | accelerator is highly inconsistent depending on
               | temperature and charge level).
               | 
               | One of the reasons I long for the lease on my Model Y to
               | end so I can replace it with a less stupid vehicle.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I agree with the general sentiment, but this isn't
               | relevant in the context of making a purchasing decision.
               | Simply buy another brand.
        
               | apelapan wrote:
               | I have learned my lesson on regen. Lots of people online
               | (and offline, for that matter) told me that you'll get
               | used to the Tesla behaviour in no time and not to worry
               | about it feeling weird during the test drive.
               | 
               | Many thousands kilometers later I hate it almost as much
               | as at the start, so lack of regen configuration will be a
               | dealbreaker next time I pick a new car.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Hmm, what do you hate about it? I have a BYD and I always
               | leave it at "strong", as otherwise it's too little
               | braking (same as an ICE).
        
               | apelapan wrote:
               | There are two aspect I don't like:
               | 
               | 1. It is inconsistent, especially during winter and when
               | fully charged.
               | 
               | 2. Crossings with shrubbery/objects that hides
               | approaching pedestrians/cars/bikes and it is rare that
               | there is anyone actually crossing. I encounter these
               | several times per day.
               | 
               | My preferred way of approaching #2 is to reduce speed
               | well ahead, start gliding and put my foot on the break
               | pedal to be ready for a complete halt in the rare case
               | (once in a 500 maybe) that I need to give way to someone.
               | In the Tesla I must reduce speed to almost standstill and
               | creep slooooowly, since it would take half a second to
               | move the right foot to the break.
               | 
               | I understand it sounds like an extreme corner case, but
               | for me it is all the time every day. Central Scandinavia.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Hmm, I don't really understand what you mean. If I want
               | to reduce speed far ahead, I just ease up on the throttle
               | pedal a little, and the car slows down a little. If I
               | ease up a lot, it slows down a lot. I'm not sure what you
               | mean...
        
               | apelapan wrote:
               | I want to glide at roughly constant speed for some
               | distance. Some mild breaking is fine. I cant glide if I
               | let off the accelerator, then I come to a fairly firm
               | stop.
               | 
               | I want my right foot on the break pedal, ready to brake
               | _hard_ and _fast_ in the rare case that something comes
               | across the road.
               | 
               | I don't want to reduce speed any further than is
               | necessary to have a safe breaking distance at fully ready
               | state.
               | 
               | With any other car (that I have driven) than the Tesla, I
               | can approach a situation like this at between 20kmh and
               | 40kmh, depending on the specifics. In the Tesla I need to
               | go at between 5 and 10kmh.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | Ah OK, I see what you mean. Yeah, on my car, that's a
               | setting I can toggle.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | regenerative braking can be uncomfortable for passengers
               | as the car is constantly alternating between accelerating
               | (or constant speed) and braking. It isn't even light
               | braking, it is significant braking.
               | 
               | I generally turn off the auto regen braking because i
               | find it uncomfortable.
               | 
               | Importantly, regenerative braking is a danger on icy
               | roads. I disable it entirely in the winter in eastern
               | Canada because it often causes the tires to lose grip.
        
               | apelapan wrote:
               | There must be some connection between traction control
               | and regen braking in newer Teslas, because I didn't
               | really have any problems with it during the past winter.
               | A friend working in auto industry was involved with doing
               | competitor analysis and was shocked back in 2014 or
               | something like that, the Teslas they tested simply spun
               | out of control when letting go of the accelerator in
               | slippery conditions.
               | 
               | They didn't care much for convential wisdom and car
               | building competence in the early days of Tesla.
        
               | stavros wrote:
               | I agree about the icy roads, but for the braking, that's
               | easily remedied by just not completely releasing the
               | accelerator. I just modulate how much I want to brake
               | with the accelerator pedal.
        
               | jjfoooo4 wrote:
               | Is that not what "Chill Mode" is? I've activated that on
               | my car to relieve some of the jerkiness and it seems to
               | have worked well
        
             | KingMob wrote:
             | > test drove
             | 
             | > was difficult to get used to
             | 
             | To ask the obvious, how used to something are you going to
             | get on a test drive? It takes time.
        
             | bruce511 wrote:
             | I don't think this comment should be down-voted since it is
             | indeed a real point of difference and it is worth
             | discussing.
             | 
             | The key takeaway is that there are differences to driving
             | an EV to driving an ICE vehicle. Equally those differences
             | are in fact easy to adjust to given a bit of practice.
             | 
             | Of course cars have always had different control options.
             | Automatic and Manual gearboxes spring to mind. When I first
             | learned some cars had a gear selector as an arm on the
             | steering column, and so on.
             | 
             | EVs like a somewhat gentler foot, because the torque is
             | instant, so a heavy foot is likely to be a more
             | uncomfortable ride.
             | 
             | So yes, different cars, different styles. But of course we
             | adjust very quickly, and its not really difficult to drive
             | anything- it just takes a bit of practice.
        
               | dontlaugh wrote:
               | Many electric cars are also overpowered. For those with a
               | more reasonable ~100kw, gentleness hardly matters.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | Except it's not a real point of difference. Just because
               | some cars are programmed to act that way doesn't mean we
               | should treat it like a universal constant of EVs. EVs can
               | be programmed to only engage regenerative braking when
               | the brake pedal is pressed, no riding the gas pedal
               | needed.
        
             | cloverich wrote:
             | To be constructive, took me a little over a week to get
             | used to. Also i test drove four, and absolutely hated 2 of
             | them. One felt very similar to my ICE car (VW ID4).
             | Eventually settled on ioniq and after a week, it quickly
             | became my favorite driving car ever (which coming from
             | sporty manual transmissions, is not at all what i expected
             | or why i bought it).
             | 
             | All to say, check out a few to be sure, im still shocked
             | how much i love driving this thing (and how criminally fast
             | it is, totally absurd).
        
             | rgmerk wrote:
             | Firstly, most EVs that have strong regenerative braking
             | ("one-pedal") setups allow you to adjust the strength or
             | turn it off. Tesla, as usual, is the outlier in this
             | respect.
             | 
             | Secondly, I rented an EV for a week and by the end of it
             | actually preferred the strong regen setting. It was
             | convenient in stop-start traffic, and on a twisty road, you
             | could use it to tighten the nose as you entered the corner.
        
               | NewJazz wrote:
               | As another data point, I've owned PHEVs and EVs for gosh
               | 6 years now and I still prefer the "weak" regen with the
               | Chevy paddle brake to modulate. Sometimes when I have a
               | clear path, e.g. a down hill on a highway, I just throw
               | it in neutral for a pure coast and shift back into drive
               | when I need to.
        
             | avidiax wrote:
             | > you have to constantly ride the gas pedal.
             | 
             | Are you not? Do you drive by blipping the gas every few
             | seconds?
             | 
             | I've had Uber drivers do this and it is annoying bordering
             | on nauseating as a passenger. It is probably pretty bad for
             | mileage and transmission wear as well (constantly taking up
             | and releasing the backlash in the gears).
        
             | throwawaysoxjje wrote:
             | I've got regenerative breaking on my EV without one pedal
             | driving, it acts just like my other car does.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | Take a look at more EVs. There are many that aren't as
             | opinionated about how you should drive as the one you drove
             | (a Tesla, by any chance?).
             | 
             | For example here is how it works in Hyundai EVs (and I'd
             | guess Kia too). It is easy to set them so that they drive
             | very similar to an ICE. I believe several others also work
             | similarly. There are only a few that try to really push you
             | to one pedal driving.
             | 
             | 1. When use explicitly use the brake pedal that car uses
             | regenerative braking unless you are trying to stop faster
             | than regeneration can handle in which case it will also use
             | the friction brakes.
             | 
             | There may be a setting somewhere in the settings menus
             | where you can adjust how strong the braking is, but I don't
             | remember because the way the car comes from the factory the
             | brake peddle feels a lot like an ICE car's brake peddle.
             | 
             | 2. There is a regeneration level setting that controls what
             | happens when you ease up on the accelerator or remove your
             | foot from it. This setting has 6 possible settings: Level
             | 0, 1, 2, 3, i-Pedal, and Auto.
             | 
             | There are two paddles on the steering wheel that let you
             | move through these settings quickly and easily, and you can
             | do this while driving so you are free to pick whatever
             | setting fits the conditions and your mood the best. Here's
             | what they do.
             | 
             | * In level 0 there is no braking associated with the
             | accelerator. Take your foot off and the car coasts is if it
             | was in neutral.
             | 
             | * Level 1 provides a small amount of automatic braking when
             | you let up on the accelerator. In ICE terms it is similar
             | to the engine braking you would get on level ground going
             | fast enough to be in 3rd gear in a 3 speed automatic. You
             | slow down faster than coasting, but not so fast that if you
             | were on the freeway and your felt the need to shake your
             | right leg around a little it would slow enough to be a
             | problem.
             | 
             | * Levels 2 and 3 step up the amount of automatic braking. 3
             | is enough that in city driving most of the time you can be
             | quite leisurely when it comes to moving your foot from the
             | accelerator to the brake at most stop signs, but it will
             | not bring your car to a complete stop. It will get quite
             | slow and then creep at that speed.
             | 
             | * i-Pedal is one pedal driving mode and corresponds to what
             | that EV you test drove was doing. In this the braking is
             | similar to level 3 as far as aggressiveness goes, but it
             | will take you all the way to a stop most of the time. Once
             | you get used to it you should be able to do most city
             | driving and most highway driving without touching the brake
             | pedal. About the only times you would need the brake pedal
             | (outside of emergencies) is if a light changes on you when
             | you are too close to the intersection.
             | 
             | * Auto mode automatically switches between 0, 1, 2, and 3
             | based on the distance to the vehicle in front (using the
             | same system that adaptive cruise control uses) and the
             | slope of the road. If you are on the freeway for example
             | with a good distance between cars it will be in 0 or 1. In
             | the city where you are close to the next car it might be in
             | 2 or 3.
             | 
             | * If you press and hold the "increase regen level" paddle
             | for at least 0.5 seconds it will switch from whatever your
             | current setting is to i-Pedal and stay in i-Pedal as long
             | as you continue to hold the paddle. Release the paddle and
             | it switches back to whatever your previous setting was.
             | 
             | This system gives you plenty of flexibility and you should
             | be able to easily find a setting you like. Some people
             | really like one pedal driving and so they can just put it
             | in i-Pedal and leave it there (with a slight
             | annoyance...when you turn the car off in i-Pedal it comes
             | back on in level 3, so you will have to hit the regen up
             | paddle once).
             | 
             | Some people set it to one of the numbered levels and leave
             | it there (again with slight annoyance at startup where it
             | comes on at 1 so they need a paddle flick or two).
             | 
             | Some people use the paddles instead of the brake pedal,
             | mixing levels to get the kind of deceleration curve they
             | want.
             | 
             | I normally drive in level 0, with an occasional day or two
             | in i-Pedal just for a change of pace, but if I'm coming up
             | on a series of roundabouts I might switch it to i-Pedal.
             | That's great for say a 35 mph road with 10-15 mph
             | roundabouts every couple of blocks. (If it is just one
             | roundabout I'd probably use the "hold regen up paddle for
             | 0.5 seconds" option to just turn on i-Pedal for that
             | intersection.
        
           | tbrownaw wrote:
           | > _Effectiveness of regenerative braking depends on having an
           | extremely large battery that can sink enough current to stop
           | the car. An EV can do that, hybrids at best help the brakes
           | out some. You just can 't charge the battery fast enough
           | doing anything but a very slow rolling stop._
           | 
           | This seems a bit exaggerated. Staying regenerative-only does
           | require sticking to about half or so of how fast I _could_
           | stop, but so far that seems to work fine unless a light turns
           | right in front of me or traffic acts up. Usually it says it
           | gets high 90 's or 100%, and it didn't go below 50% even when
           | a stoplight did turn at exactly the wrong time. (2022 Ford
           | Escape non-plug-in hybrid, recently bought used.)
        
             | CraigJPerry wrote:
             | 100% of possible system capacity to accept regenerative
             | charge on a smaller battery system will be a smaller
             | absolute number than 100% of possible on a larger battery.
             | If you assume everything else is constant, motor, inverter,
             | battery C-rating etc.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | The manual says it's energy recovered (ie, not something
               | relative to system capacity), and this seems consistent
               | with the other indicator that shows instantaneous braking
               | power with a distinction between what the regenerative
               | system is doing vs what (if anything) the traditional
               | brakes are doing.
        
               | CraigJPerry wrote:
               | which car? i think the number you're referring to is
               | relative to electrical system capacity.
               | 
               | It's NOT relevant to overall (tyre, brake system & engine
               | braking & regen braking) braking system performance since
               | that's a dynamic value variable over many factors
               | constantly.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I'm not sure what you're arguing here.
               | 
               | Bigger battery is more capacity sure. But their point was
               | that even without a big battery they have enough capacity
               | to get close to maximum effectiveness, contrary to ajross
               | saying that a hybrid's capacity is "not really" effective
               | and "at best" helps "some".
        
               | CraigJPerry wrote:
               | just mistaken about maximum effectiveness
               | 
               | braking system = circa 1G of deceleration possible
               | (depending on tyres, coeff of friction, temperature, ...
               | etc etc)
               | 
               | So max effectiveness is unreachable for any regen system
               | on a consumer car hybrid or ev, by a factor of around 6x
               | i believe?
               | 
               | With recognition of the mistaken framing (near max
               | effectiveness) we're back to the larger ev pack has a
               | greater ability to sink current, a larger ability to slow
               | the vehicle than does a smaller battery (obvious
               | considerations about inverter capability, wire gauge etc
               | etc aside)
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I think you might be using a very different definition of
               | "effectiveness" than they are.
               | 
               | Their definition of effectiveness is the percentage of
               | braking force that turns back into electricity and goes
               | into the battery. If your regen system can only do .15G,
               | but 90% of your braking is under .15G, then you'll have
               | about 94% effectiveness by that definition. 94% is not
               | max but it's _near_ max.
               | 
               | It's not about what happens during peak braking, it's
               | about what happens over entire drives.
               | 
               | And when they say "half or so of how fast I could stop"
               | they're underestimating, that's a comparison to a normal
               | but aggressive stop, not pushing the pedal into the
               | ground.
        
             | ncruces wrote:
             | And when regenerative breaking is not enough, a series
             | hybrid can still apply compression breaking, before
             | resorting to brakes.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | It's just that Tesla didn't spend skill points on brake
             | blending tech unlockable. Some people confuse it as being a
             | piece of technology of its own.
             | 
             | Every other EVs and HVs assign first half of brake pedal
             | for regen and bottom half for mechanical brakes. Tesla uses
             | bottom half of gas pedal for the same, which eliminates the
             | need to accurately determine the appropriate pedal force
             | that corresponds to intended braking force to be added up
             | with regen to match intended deceleration. Mapping regen to
             | gas is `set_motor_torque(1.25 * gas_pedal - 25);` and
             | that's much simpler.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | They didn't spend skill points because back when they did
               | it they wanted to lean hard into the "oooh, fancy
               | futuristic EV, look at this cool new driving experience"
               | brand image. Same reason performance cars get loud
               | exhausts even thought they could have quit ones with no
               | decrease in performance.
        
               | ARandumGuy wrote:
               | This is something that's always baffled me about Teslas.
               | I have a Prius, and regenerative breaking being tied to
               | the break pedal is easy and intuitive. It also means I
               | can easily lift my foot of the gas pedal to coast. IDK it
               | just seems like a much better design to have one "stop"
               | pedal and one "go" pedal, vs one "stop" pedal and one
               | "go/stop" pedal.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | Counterargument is that it's even easier to have only one
               | pedal you use to accelerate and decelerate. Having owned
               | a Prius and a Y, the Tesla is actually smoother to
               | control, by a very significant margin. It's actually a
               | superior way to drive, though it is surprising the first
               | time you see it.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | I won't speak to your '22 Escape, but I've driven countless
             | hybrids going back to a '04 Prius and none of them were
             | brake-free in general use. EVs really are.
        
               | ARandumGuy wrote:
               | That's because the regenerative braking is applied on the
               | brake pedal, not by lifting up the accelerator. My '14
               | Prius has a dashboard option to show how much of the
               | regenerative breaking capacity is being used, and it's
               | very easy to stay well below that limit by just gradually
               | slowing down. The friction brakes are only really used
               | when you suddenly stop, which is something you want to
               | avoid anyway.
        
           | cyberax wrote:
           | You can just waste energy on eddy currents, and then use the
           | car's cooling system to conduct away the heat. After all,
           | dynamic brakes on locomotives just dissipate the generated
           | electricity using resistors.
           | 
           | Hybrid makers just don't really care about that.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | If your Model Y is like my Model 3, then it seamlessly
           | switches to friction breaking below 20 kph. That said, I'm at
           | 110,000 km and the brakes look like new.
        
           | friendzis wrote:
           | > You just can't charge the battery fast enough doing
           | anything but a very slow rolling stop.
           | 
           | And it's not a problem when you get used to regenerative-only
           | braking distances, which are surprisingly long at highway
           | speeds.
           | 
           | It only becomes a problem when idiots thinking "the shorter
           | the distance between first and last car, the smaller the
           | traffic" start cutting you off when you leave enough distance
           | for regenerative braking.
        
         | cperciva wrote:
         | _which is the whole point of hybrids_
         | 
         | Part of the point, not the whole point. Regenerative breaking
         | is absolutely a win; but there can also be a significant
         | benefit from allowing the ICE to remain in the RPM "sweet spot"
         | rather than moving around a larger range.
        
           | unglaublich wrote:
           | This is how diesel-electric locomotives work too.
        
             | ben-schaaf wrote:
             | They also use the electric motor(s) for braking, but
             | instead of going into a battery it goes into a bank of
             | resistors.
        
               | ddeck wrote:
               | I think you meant capacitors. Resistors would just
               | dissipate the energy as heat.
               | 
               | edit: Thanks for the correction. They do indeed use
               | resistors and just dump the energy as heat. Unfortunate.
               | 
               | Hopefully this will change as supercaps continue to
               | improve. Maxwell tech's modules are already used in light
               | rail, and looks like some work towards smaller
               | locomotives in Switzerland here:
               | 
               | https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20823697
        
               | trained6446 wrote:
               | Nope, resistors. The energy is dumped as heat.
               | 
               | Dynamic brake
        
               | ahartmetz wrote:
               | Capacitors have pitiful energy storage capacity.
               | Resistors is correct, unfortunately.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | To add to the other comments:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_braking
        
           | jnpnj wrote:
           | I heard about that long ago but couldn't find more, so IIUC
           | chemically it's easier and more efficient to have a "one
           | mode" combustion engine and let the electric engine deal with
           | the variations, to the point that the reaction produces near
           | no toxic byproducts, is that right ? I was wondering if there
           | was research to keep improving that part. Even though it
           | would help sustain the fossil fuel industry..
        
             | Asmod4n wrote:
             | Nissan hat the e-POWER system where a petrol engine is just
             | used to recharge the battery of your electric car and
             | nothing else. In theory they could run that petrol engine
             | at the sweet spot where it produces the least amount of
             | carbon emissions.
             | 
             | i believe there is also a chinese company which is making
             | such a car, their cars have nearly 1000 miles range.
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | Diesel-electric engines in trains and tanks worked like
               | that during WW2.
        
             | p0w3n3d wrote:
             | AFAIK this is about engine efficiency. ICEs have highest
             | momentum and efficiency sweet spot somewhere in the middle
             | of available revs, which depends on the engine construction
             | and was being altered by different mechanisms (like
             | turbocharging and variable valve timing) but since the
             | electric engine (I'm speaking of Toyota solution) is able
             | to keep the ICE in the sweet spot with its eCVT, the engine
             | can be simplified and even work on different combustion
             | cycle (Atkinson's cycle)
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | > ICEs have highest momentum and efficiency sweet spot
               | somewhere in the middle of available revs
               | 
               | Close: they have the highest efficiency at about 90% of
               | maximum torque for most of the RPM range. So if you want
               | double the power, you want to be able to double the RPM;
               | and if you want half the power, you want to be able to
               | drop the RPMs in half. To pull this off, you either need
               | a very quick shifting gearbox or some sort of CVT.
               | 
               | This is also why automatic transmissions, despite being
               | ~80% efficient versus ~95% manual transmissions, are not
               | much worse on mileage. Because they can quickly switch
               | between low RPM and higher RPM (first by torque converter
               | lockup, second by switching gears).
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Afaik that's pure series hybrid and that's almost non-
           | existent in cars (outside of range extenders, not that there
           | are that many of those).
           | 
           | There are a handful but most hybrids are either parallel or
           | series-parallel. I assume because the power range is so low
           | that the conversion losses are way too noticeable compared to
           | a mechanical drivetrain.
        
             | federiconafria wrote:
             | That's something I wish there had been more focus on,
             | instead of focusing on massive heavy batteries, develop the
             | hybrids further.
        
               | ddeck wrote:
               | Not sure about the US, but the Japanese didn't stop
               | focusing on hybrid development. More than half of all
               | sales in Japan are hybrids, whereas electric is only a
               | few percent [1].
               | 
               | Honda even recently announced that they're scaling back
               | on electric to focus on hybrids:
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-
               | transportation/japans...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-19/hy
               | brid-ca...
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Yes but Honda seems to be doing this because they can't
               | make batteries. BYD can, ever cheaper, and they're
               | expanding their plug-in offerings much faster than Honda
               | is scaling them back. I'm worried for Japanese car
               | makers.
        
             | pkolaczk wrote:
             | But series-parallel has the very same advantage - can keep
             | the RPM in sweet spot.
        
             | phire wrote:
             | No, the entire point of a series-parallel hybrid is that it
             | can offer the advantage of a series hybrid.
             | 
             | The Toyota Prius powerchain has two motor generators, and
             | can take part of the ICE power from one and transfer it
             | electrically to the other, remapping the engine RPM into
             | more efficient power bands at the same time. It has a mode
             | that can do this even when no power is being used from the
             | battery.
             | 
             | It's kind of a best of both worlds. They can avoid the
             | extra weight of a full series hybrid, because they don't
             | need a motor generator pair that handles the full engine
             | power.
             | 
             | Actually, power bands remapping is essential for the Prius
             | to operate.
             | 
             | There is no clutch, there is no neutral gear, there is no
             | torque converter. The ICE is always connected directly to
             | the wheels with a fixed gear ratio on a planetary gear set.
             | (Which improves transmission efficiency over a
             | automatic/CVT gearbox, and actually reduces maintenance
             | costs)
             | 
             | One of the motor-generators is on the 3rd input of the
             | planetary gear. For the ICE to idle (during warm up, or
             | when you have the heater on), the motor-generator much be
             | spinning backwards at the exact same speed so that the
             | wheels stay stationary.
             | 
             | Power band remapping can also be used for reversing when
             | the battery is empty.
        
             | graton wrote:
             | Current Honda hybrids are like that. The only time the
             | Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) is directly connected to
             | the drive train is when the speed gets to above around
             | 60MPH. The rest of the time the ICE is used to power a
             | generator which then sends power to the electric motor
             | and/or the battery pack.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLUIExAnNcE has more info.
        
           | pkolaczk wrote:
           | Another part of the point is that you can pack a much smaller
           | and more efficient ICE and then substitute the missing power
           | and torque from electric motors when needed. Most cars are
           | not used at max power all the time. You need max power only
           | at short times when accelerating. With pure ICE there is the
           | tradeoff - a bigger engine will get you more max power / max
           | torque but is going to be less fuel efficient because of
           | internal friction.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | And, you can make much lighter and lower range electric
             | cars without all those heavy batteries, and boost the range
             | with diesel when needed. Very attractive in principle. Most
             | cars are not using their full range all the time, for a lot
             | of people a 50 mile range car would be more than enough 98%
             | of the time, but that remaining 2% means that people end up
             | buying 200 mile range cars instead.
             | 
             | But then, do you end up removing enough battery weight to
             | offset the weight of a whole ICE?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Smaller cars have always been available, but people have
               | shown a preference for bigger cars where they can sit
               | higher up, even though it costs them more.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | I'm not talking about size, I'm talking about range and
               | weight. You can have a huge car or a smaller car, going
               | from a 90kWh battery pack to a 30kWh battery pack is
               | gonna have the same weight saving in both
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Maybe they should be at least charged for the
               | catastrophic externalities that that "preference" results
               | in.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | does "preference" equate to endless, manipulative
               | advertising from car manufacturers? Or, perhaps, the
               | "preference" of higher profit margins from larger cars,
               | pushing manufacturers to entirely abandon reasonably
               | sized cars?
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | "Everyone who doesn't want what I want them to want has
               | been brainwashed by corporate interests" is not a robust
               | assertion under even the most casual scrutiny.
               | 
               | I hate to break it to you but something like a Rogue or
               | HRV does circles around an Altima or Civic when it comes
               | to daily flexibility and utility for a fairly paltry
               | additional cost. It doesn't take a degree in rocket
               | surgery to figure out why they fly off the shelves. For
               | the average person they're a good combination of
               | attributes.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | The North American market now only includes a handful of
               | sedans. Meanwhile, Hyundai and Toyota somehow manage to
               | sell "tiny" cars in Korea, Japan and lots of developing
               | countries.
               | 
               | A practical car is a station wagon, not an SUV, many of
               | which have less storage space.
               | 
               | Please, cut the needless snark. People do buy vehicles
               | for edge cases but the lack of smaller, practical
               | vehicles is driven is large part by manufacturer profit.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | Many of those tiny foreign cars are unfortunately not
               | economically useful to sell in the regulated markets of
               | the rich west, and even when they are they often aren't
               | without the developing nation sales volume to amortize a
               | lot of the fixed costs over.
               | 
               | I agree that there's a lot of stupidity going on when it
               | comes to station wagons vs crossovers vs compact SUVs and
               | the OEMs really do SUV-ify a lot of things that ought not
               | to be.
               | 
               | The shape of these vehicles is fairly preordained by the
               | nature of the fuel economy regulations and wind
               | resistance and other regulations that apply equally to
               | all of them. You're not gonna find "more space" in
               | something like a Subaru Outback by squashing it on the
               | vertical axis unless you stretch it in another dimension
               | or find somewhere else to find space. Maybe you might be
               | able to eek out a slightly better angle on the hatch or
               | something but it ain't gonna be much. Fuel economy
               | regulations make cars with thicc asses like the big
               | sedans and station wagons of yesterday nonsensical.
               | 
               | The snark is not needless. It is tautologically
               | impossible for the overwhelming majority of people do be
               | "doing it wrong" on a matter that is in large part a
               | subjective one of preference. If someone wants to assert
               | that then I will talk down to them.
               | 
               | People buy these small SUVs left and right because
               | they're seemingly the best option when it comes to well
               | rounded boring A to B vehicles.
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | I think the crossover is pretty much the modern station
               | wagon. I suppose they get marketed as SUV's but they're
               | basically just a bit longer and taller car vs what I'd
               | consider a "real" SUV; an enclosed truck chassis.
        
               | elyobo wrote:
               | also once everybody else is obstructing your view with a
               | bigger car it becomes necessary to have a bigger one,
               | it's a race to the metaphorical bototm
        
               | pmg101 wrote:
               | I thought about PHEV but in the end went full EV simply
               | because it seemed to me with two whole power trains
               | that's 2x the components to go wrong/need maintenance.
        
               | happyPersonR wrote:
               | This. This times 100x . Also, it's not like each
               | powertrain has an independent failure mode. If either
               | break, your car is a brick until it's fixed.
        
               | silverquiet wrote:
               | I have a friend who drives a Chevy Volt with a dead ICE
               | engine; she just charges the battery and uses it as a
               | (rather short range) pure EV vehicle. Not ideal, but it
               | works for her until she gets something else.
        
               | throwawaylaptop wrote:
               | If she was in California she wouldn't be able to pass
               | smog at her next inspection, which is a funny problem
               | considering she drives in pure EV mode now.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Oh I agree completely. I'm driving an old diesel now but
               | I have no desire to get a hybrid, I'd get a pure EV if I
               | were to buy a new car. But there are some tempting things
               | _in principle_ about plug-in hybrids
        
               | m_fayer wrote:
               | That same insight applies to regular hybrids, and yet
               | Toyota's hybrids are legendary for their durability.
               | There's a reason half the cabs where I live are Prius
               | station wagons, and it's not their efficiency, judging by
               | how they're driven.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Consumer reports found that HEV's were the most reliable,
               | and PHEV"s the least reliable. That's nonsensical,
               | there's little difference between the two.
               | 
               | Toyota is the biggest seller of HEV's, Stellantis of
               | PHEV. That's the difference. EV's on paper should be the
               | most reliable, but Tesla is the biggest seller of those.
               | If you want reliability, choose by brand rather than
               | engine type.
        
               | pmg101 wrote:
               | I was comparing a Hyundai Ioniq EV with a Hyundai Ioniq
               | PHEV and was surprised to find more problems reported by
               | the owners of the Ioniq EV.
               | 
               | Mostly issues with 12V battery, it seemed like.
               | 
               | In the end I bought a Stellantis EV so I probably deserve
               | everything I get - but they are cheap!
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | >Consumer reports found that HEV's were the most
               | reliable, and PHEV"s the least reliable. That's
               | nonsensical, there's little difference between the two.
               | 
               | Eh, it's not so much nonsensical, as it is that you're
               | just misinterpreting the data.
               | 
               | This conversation here is specifically about _powertrain
               | reliability_ , but that isn't what consumer reports
               | measures. They measure complaints about _any feature_ on
               | the vehicle, including ancillary accessories unrelated to
               | the vehicle 's ability to transport people.
               | 
               | But also as you point out, shitty engineering
               | (Stellantis's specialty) is a bigger issue than any
               | particular drivetrain type.
        
               | eldaisfish wrote:
               | Toyota's success with the Prius proves that this fear is
               | unfounded. You will regularly find second hand prius
               | models for sale with 500,000 km on the odometer.
               | 
               | Just think - if two drivetrains were less reliable,
               | wouldn't you see that with the Prius?
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | That's a common misconception, but hybrids are almost
               | never as complicated as an ICE powertrain _plus_ an EV
               | powertrain. E.g. most hybrids are able to eliminate many
               | parts that ICE vehicles require, like, starters, drive
               | belts, multi-ratio transmissions, alternators, etc.
               | Because of this, many hybrids surpass ICE-only vehicles
               | in reliability.
        
               | teamonkey wrote:
               | In some ways it's more complicated. The battery
               | management and cooling is a point of failure. It's also
               | heavier and so wear and tear on suspension is greater.
               | 
               | On the other hand, a Toyota hybrid doesn't have a gearbox
               | at all, not even a CVT. Instead it has something similar
               | to a differential, it's mechanically simple and very
               | reliable. It uses the electric motor in place of a turbo,
               | so that's another common failure point removed. It
               | doesn't have a starter motor, and the Atkinson cycle
               | engine should suffer less stress than an equivalent
               | petrol.
               | 
               | Practically the biggest problem is finding a 3rd party
               | garage who will inspect the hybrid parts as part of a
               | service.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | On paper, yes, but did that ever happen? Sorry for being
             | sarcastic, but where I live the frugal hybrid is
             | exceptionally rare and the "same big engine, but driving a
             | much heavier car" hybrid is omnipresent. The kind of people
             | who might buy the frugal one buy second or third hand while
             | almost all buyers of factory new pick the "same big engine"
             | option, and those are the ones who decide what's available
             | on the second hand market.
        
               | terramex wrote:
               | Omoda 9 (SUV) is sold in Europe only as plug-in hybrid
               | with small-ish 1.5L 143HP engine + 394HP electric (145km
               | of pure electric range, 35kWh LFP battery).
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeed_Yaoguang
        
               | scns wrote:
               | > did that ever happen?
               | 
               | In 2010 with the Chevrolet Volt.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | I think the question is "is that overall effect the
               | reality, or do most people buy a very heavy hybrid?"
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | I wonder whether people actually understand that they
               | need a smaller engine for the same performance?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Despite my overall low estimation of people's ability to
               | fluidly reason about engineering tradeoffs, I think they
               | generally do understand this one well enough, at least
               | for the decisions that they will face. They're only
               | deciding which car to buy, not what engine specifications
               | are required to make a car successful in the market.
               | 
               | They go test-drive cars, probably glance at performance
               | specifications and/or read/watch a test drive review of
               | the cars. They can look at the 0-60mph/0-100 kph times
               | and get a feel for "this car will be able to get out of
               | its own way" vs "this car will be a rolling roadblock".
               | 
               | So "actually understand"? Maybe not, but "understand
               | enough to guide their purchasing decision?" and therefore
               | enough for the actual automobile product teams to design
               | to accommodate? I think they do.
        
               | hvb2 wrote:
               | Yes, every single prius for example? The biggest engine
               | that was produced with seems to be a ~100 bhp engine
               | which isn't much for a 1.5 metric tonne car
        
               | ohdeargodno wrote:
               | In most countries, yes. Despite the push for SUV-styled
               | cards (which are heavier than a regular city car, but not
               | by that much), engines have been small.
               | 
               | Toyota Yaris - HSD - 1.5L 4cyl Renault Clio - E-Tech -
               | 1.6L Hyundai Kona (SUV) - 1.6L Honda Jazz - 1.5L Peugeot
               | 208 - 1.2L Peugeot 3008 (SUV) - 1.6L Peugeot 5008 (Family
               | SUV) - 2L And the list goes on. Even BMW with it's xDrive
               | puts out 1.5L engines.
               | 
               | Huge engines are only common in two places: sports cars
               | (and even then, only a specific category like AMGs and
               | friends, because even a Porsche 992 only has a 3L engine)
               | and the US.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | The info is useful, but those do not seem to be all that
               | small. There were smaller engines available for the ICE
               | version of the Clio, for example.
        
               | ohdeargodno wrote:
               | There was, and it was shit. The Cleon-Fonte, despite all
               | my love for its BBBBRRRRRRRRRRVVVVVVVVVVV was becoming
               | wildly insufficient for the already ever heavier cars
               | simply due to electronics and safety measures, and it was
               | already a 1.2L. The smallest ever put on a Clio was a
               | .999L, and anyone driving a Twingo knows how it behaves
               | the moment there's... a slight incline, or two people in
               | the care.
               | 
               | 1.5L is an incredibly small engine, especially when
               | previous versions required much larger. The Renault
               | Scenic IV is a 1.5 ton brick that is happily running on a
               | 1.2L engine. The Scenic II's most sold motorization was a
               | 2L engine.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | I feel like I remember a pickup being available that was
               | a 6L v8. So one cylinder in that engine had almost the
               | same volume as all the cylinders in a 1.5L engine
               | combined. That's pretty crazy to me.
               | 
               | edit: oh it was mine heh, my first car was a 1979 ford
               | with a 460 ( 7.5L v8 ). It was a hand me down from my
               | grandfather, he said if i could get it running i could
               | have it.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | A 6 liter 4-cylinder would have the same volume in a
               | single cylinder as a 1.5L engine. A V8 of that size would
               | have half the volume in a single cylinder, not almost the
               | same volume.
        
               | xxs wrote:
               | >On paper, yes, but did that ever happen?
               | 
               | Like absolutely, unless you consider 1.4L petrol engine
               | large for something with over 170KW (over 220hp). Such
               | kind of offerings are quite common at the East side of
               | the pond.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | I'd consider engines with HP in the two digits range not
               | big. Few ICE cars (hybrid or not) are _ever_ accelerated
               | at the rate you could achieve with a 75 HP engine revved
               | into the high but still safe range. People buy big
               | engines so that they can get all their acceleration needs
               | served at half throttle. And that 's for stick shifting,
               | those on automatic pick engine size so that they can
               | accelerate on quarter throttle or else the car shifts
               | back and it sounds all x "small engine working hard"
               | (which would be so much less inefficient!).
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Our family owned a Mercedes 240D (71 peak horsepower at
               | sea level) for many years. That car's performance was
               | lackluster on a good day and trying to merge onto the
               | Pennsylvania Turnpike (with very short acceleration
               | lanes) was IMO quite unsafe. From that experience, I'm
               | pretty sure that people are dipping into more
               | acceleration than that car could ever muster.
               | 
               | I have no doubt that some people behave as you describe,
               | but I think some of that is driven from a rational
               | position of not wanting to buy a car that is incapable of
               | anything more than their normal daily driving. If you
               | need to accelerate quickly to merge safely into traffic,
               | bringing only 75 [or 71] peak horsepower to the table
               | isn't a comfortable position to be in.
        
               | tim333 wrote:
               | Fiat 500 hybrid 999cc engine, 69bhp (51kW).
               | 
               | I hired one on holiday and it worked fine. Maybe I'm
               | getting old but I see less point in getting something
               | that does 0-60 in 4 sec when most traffic goes from 0-40
               | in about two minutes and doesn't get much faster. It
               | still has a top speed over 100mph.
        
               | singleshot_ wrote:
               | BMW i8
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | The vast majority of hybrids use simulated atkinson
               | cycle... while their cylinders might be the same size as
               | N/A vehicles, they leave the intake valve open past the
               | end of the stroke, so they effectively are displacing
               | less, even though the cylinder dimensions might be the
               | same size. The advantage is that atkinson cycle is more
               | efficient. But it has too poor performance
               | characteristics for an ICE-only car.
        
               | jhallenworld wrote:
               | Yes, check out BYD's hybrids. The petrol engine is 46%
               | efficient, which is pretty damn amazing. This is more
               | efficient than most power plants (combined cycle plants
               | are better- but most power plants are not combined-
               | cycle).
               | 
               | So what is the well to wheel efficiency of this vs. pure
               | electric? There are fuel transportation losses in one,
               | and transmission line losses in the other. In many cities
               | electricity is quite a bit more expensive than gas so
               | hybrids are a better deal financially.
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > [...] _but there can also be a significant benefit from
           | allowing the ICE to remain in the RPM "sweet spot" rather
           | than moving around a larger range._
           | 
           | Which is why I'm surprised electric cars with range extenders
           | aren't a bigger thing:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_extender
           | 
           | Have the powertrain be all-electric, and have a battery pack,
           | but for those with range anxiety have a small generator as an
           | option that would go in the frunk (front truck). A
           | (proverbial) small Honda EU2200i would be less maintenance
           | than a traditional engine.
        
             | jansan wrote:
             | Maybe because people don't want to have oil changes,
             | emission checks, exhaust gas etc. on their EV. If they
             | really need a long range, they will probably just buy a
             | combustion engine car.
        
               | JoBrad wrote:
               | Perhaps, but other than the upcoming Scout, I'm not even
               | sure it's an option for EVs, in the US.
        
               | tehwebguy wrote:
               | BMW i3 has/had a REX version and when I researched it
               | people seemed to agree it's the least reliable part about
               | owning it. But that might be it!
        
             | cjrp wrote:
             | The newer London black cabs do that
             | 
             | > The LEVC TX is powered by a full-electric hybrid
             | drivetrain. It drives in full-electric mode all the time,
             | but is recharged by an 81-horsepower (60 kW; 82 PS) Volvo-
             | sourced 1.5-litre turbocharged three-cylinder petrol
             | engine.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | This does not make any sense. It's a cab, it's going to
               | stay 100% of the time in a city or really near, moving
               | around. If it ignites a petrol engine to recharge the
               | battery, what's the point? Surely a cab driver can pause
               | 20 minutes every 4 hours to go to the restroom and fast
               | charge their EV, no?
        
             | theshrike79 wrote:
             | Diesel REX vans would be a MASSIVE hit if a company would
             | just decide to start making them.
             | 
             | The #1 reason for (european) companies not buying full EV
             | vans is range, they need to drive a LOT during the day.
             | 
             | REX would solve that with minimal emissions. And depending
             | on the battery size, they could drive on full EV in city
             | centres and only allow the REX to charge the battery during
             | longer drives.
             | 
             | The BMW i3 REX is a fantastic car, if you can find one, buy
             | it.
        
               | thijson wrote:
               | They are the cheapest hybrid out there currently, at
               | least here in the USA. I think the average American
               | prefers a larger vehicle.
               | 
               | I think a Diesel indirect injection REX would be awesome.
               | It could burn vegetable oil, which is more viscous, but
               | indirect injection doesn't need to atomize the fuel as
               | much.
        
             | eftpotrm wrote:
             | BMW tried that with the i3, it wasn't particularly popular.
             | An engine, fuel system and a generator are all relatively
             | complex additions compared to just putting the same cost
             | and vehicle space into more batteries, and the public
             | charging networks are definitely up to the task by now
             | (having been EV-only for almost 5 years now).
        
               | thmsths wrote:
               | I've ridden in one and this was basically a case of "you
               | get the worst of both worlds". The engine was small and
               | running at a constant RPM, leading to an annoying noise
               | in the cabin. The range extension was not particularly
               | huge. Worse, when we did eventually run out of battery on
               | one trip, the range extender was unable to recharge the
               | battery after refueling the car, forcing us to scramble
               | to find an available charging station with the car on the
               | tow truck...
        
               | thijson wrote:
               | I've been driving one for a while. On the trips I've
               | driven, even on the highway, the engine was able to keep
               | up with the energy draw. I think it's around 60HP. If I'm
               | on a long trip, I'll start the engine once I reach 75% of
               | my battery capacity. That gives a significant buffer for
               | the engine. It's a serial hybrid.
        
               | supportengineer wrote:
               | >> the range extender was unable to recharge the battery
               | 
               | Could you expand on this? What was the actual problem?
               | For example, did the range extender start and run? Did it
               | put any energy into the battery at all?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | The original BMW i3 had/has a lockout that prevented the
               | range extender from charging the battery until it reached
               | 6% in order to meet California's ZEV BEVx regulation.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | For a Honda 2.2kW to aid with range anxiety, you'd have to
             | split range anxiety into two categories and I think it only
             | addresses the second/lesser of the two.
             | 
             | Assume the car gets 4 miles per kWh delivered and the
             | charging cycle is 90% efficient (measured from generator
             | output). The 2.2kW generator can add 8 miles/hour of
             | generator runtime (2.2 kW * 0.9 * 4 miles/kWh).
             | 
             | For range anxiety of the form "we're driving to a
             | destination pretty far away and I'm not sure we can get
             | there", that's not very helpful. For range anxiety of "I'm
             | driving to a destination that's over half my range and then
             | going to spend a full day [or overnight] there, but I'm not
             | sure there will be working chargers available there",
             | charging 8 mph times 8-10 hours is very helpful.
             | 
             | Worrying about being stuck in the boondocks without a
             | charger is addressed by an 8 mph on-board charger, but I
             | think that's the less common form of range anxiety.
             | 
             | The Chevy Volt range extender was 75kW; the i3's was
             | 26.6kW. 2.2kW is literally an order of magnitude too small
             | to replace those.
        
               | sgarland wrote:
               | Posted something very similar above. It's worse than 2200
               | watts: that's the allowable overload draw, not sustained.
               | After about 5 minutes, it warns you to reduce power to <=
               | 1800 watts.
               | 
               | Also, something I didn't mention in my post; at full
               | power they'll suck their tank dry in a little over 3
               | hours. You'll get about 20 miles of range (using your
               | assumptions above) from one. Tbf you can also parallel
               | two of them, or buy a slightly larger model (EU3200i),
               | but either way, it's still not going to be anything other
               | than an emergency backup where you have a lot of time to
               | kill.
        
             | sgarland wrote:
             | The EU2200i can sustain 15 amps. That charges most EVs at
             | something like a few miles of range per hour. The biggest
             | one that's small enough for a frunk is the 3200i, which
             | still only sustains 21.7 amps - plus, that's from an L5-30R
             | socket, so you'd need an adapter for the EV, _and_ a custom
             | chip to limit charging current below that, since the ones
             | I've seen for that socket assume they can pull 24 amps.
             | 
             | Re: maintenance, small engines typically are pretty needy.
             | That one wants an oil change, spark plug gap adjustment,
             | and spark arrestor cleaning every 100 hours of use. The
             | latter two are only usage-based, but the oil is time-based
             | as well (6 months) since it oxidizes, and suffers from fuel
             | dilution. Then there's the fuel: god help you if you put
             | ethanol gas into a small engine and let it sit for any
             | period of time. It's often difficult to find E0 fuel, and
             | while there are external fuel tanks for generators that can
             | hold quite a bit, they also tend to vent vapor in the heat
             | (as does any tank, including a car's), which is unpleasant
             | when it's in your frunk.
             | 
             | Finally, engines of all kinds really don't like being left
             | sitting for months on end unless prepared to do so.
             | Generally you want to run them monthly, getting them up to
             | operating temperature, putting a load on them for a bit to
             | fully exercise all components.
             | 
             | I say all this because I have an EU2200i and dearly love
             | it, but am also painfully aware of its limitations and
             | needs. I got it when I lived in Texas because the power
             | outages were getting to be absurd, and my house wasn't
             | plumbed for natural gas, so a whole-house was out of the
             | question. The 2200i was plenty to power two fridges, a deep
             | freezer, TV, fans, and my server rack. I got really good at
             | quickly running extension cords (which is a whole other
             | discussion on ensuring proper amperage ratings and
             | calculating voltage drop, something most people ignore).
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | Range anxiety seems to go away after your first week of EV
             | driving.
        
               | dboreham wrote:
               | It isn't really "range" anxiety, rather "no charger
               | available" anxiety.
               | 
               | Today, if I run out of petrol|gasoline somewhere, even if
               | I'm in the middle of nowhere and don't have a gas can, I
               | can still recover from that situation within an hour or
               | so (hitch a ride to the next gas station, buy gas can,
               | fill with gas, hitch back to my vehicle). With an EV the
               | density of fueling/charging locations is orders of
               | magnitude lower than for gas, _and_ if I end up
               | discharged I 'm looking at finding a flat bed truck, or
               | perhaps a mobile high power generator.
               | 
               | Disclosure: I own both kinds of vehicles.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I'd say more that it _evolves_ rather than goes away. We
               | 've had our BEV for over a decade and it's the car we
               | tend to choose to drive for short distance errands. We
               | like it by all means, but when one of us needs to take
               | the hybrid car for a weekend or a local business trip, we
               | still have to plan out to make sure the other can manage
               | whatever we need to do with just the BEV.
               | 
               | As dboreham says in the sibling comment, the range
               | anxiety morphs into charger-availability anxiety. Even if
               | I know a charger physically exists at my destination, if
               | it's 45% or more of the range away, I still need to worry
               | that it will be working, that my access will work, that
               | it won't be occupied or blocked, etc.
               | 
               | In nearly 40 years of driving, I almost never researched
               | gasoline availability (through the Nevada desert and in
               | Central America, I did).
               | 
               | In a little over a decade of BEV driving, I've done _a
               | lot_ of EVSE (charger) researching.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | Eh, I'd say it goes away after your first road trip,
               | unless you're going somewhere remote.
               | 
               | I've had my BEV for about 5 1/2 years. My first road trip
               | (Portland -> Santa Clara, ~560 miles each way), I planned
               | it out ahead of time with ABRP. These days, I'll just let
               | the nav figure it out.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | First time I did an EV road trip, I just plugged it
               | straight into the car screen and followed directions. I
               | didn't have anyone with me, and was willing to accept
               | some degree of "adventure". I did about 800 miles in a
               | day, and had zero real issues.
               | 
               | I have been totally unconcerned about it since.
        
             | quickthrowman wrote:
             | One 120V 2.2kW generator isn't going do much at all. It's
             | really actually 1.8kW which is 15A at 120V.
             | 
             | You'd need to tow around a 7.2kW 240V for 30A at 240V (more
             | likely a 14.4kW generator for 240V 60A).
             | 
             | Using the small Honda inverter generator (which is amazing
             | for plenty of stuff!) is akin to covering your car in solar
             | panels to get range extension, the math just doesn't work
             | out.
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | This is the thing with good hybrids.
           | 
           | The "gas pedal" becomes a "I want to go faster/slower" pedal,
           | its position has zero impact on the RPM.
           | 
           | As an anecdote: A security company I know only buys Toyota
           | Hybrids for their guards just because of that. They have a
           | habit of driving cars like they stole them and normal ICE
           | cars break down from that kind of abuse. Hybrids won't let
           | you abuse them, they pick the RPM and you deal with it.
           | 
           | (They also swap the passenger seat for a plastic box because
           | the guards threw heavy crap like safety boxes on it, wearing
           | down the seat in months)
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | Do all Toyotas do that? I'm pretty sure that my dad's
             | Corolla will rev the engine when I press the gas if the
             | engine is already running.
             | 
             | I'm also surprised for the first few minutes when I drive
             | it how little "engine braking" it has (my habit is from
             | riding a big motorbike).
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | Dunno. My both Priuses did it and the company was
               | specifically using the Yaris Hybrid.
               | 
               | Both will rev on neutral, but when the gear selector is
               | on Drive there is no link between the pedal and RPM.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | And on Brake it's even the opposite: above a certain
               | speed, you press the accelerator and the RPM _decreases_
               | to remove engine braking.
        
               | trklausss wrote:
               | Depends on the configuration. If they are equipped with a
               | CVT+electric engine on the shaft, then that's the case:
               | they rev to the sweet spot (which on gas engines is
               | 4000-5000 rpm on acceleration? Depending on expected
               | engine load I assume) and the speed is controlled by
               | hydraulic force applied on the CVT.
               | 
               | With other hybrids: depends on the generator they have
               | installed, but it matches the consumption in amps by the
               | engine in order to "go" if it is not directly coupled
               | with the transmission, or they just downshift to
               | accelerate with help of the electric engine.
               | 
               | I am assuming a lot here: Toyotas (specially RAV4) mount
               | CVTs among others, assuming pure electric generator by
               | the ICE or coupled to it... So it depends a lot on
               | specific configuration.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Even CVTs will rev the engine if you floor it, no? They
               | typically allow for wanting to be in a few sweet spots. I
               | prefer to keep it near the max efficiency speed. That
               | said, my wife is a bit more aggressive and spends more
               | time in the max power mark. It has a predictable change
               | on the MPG reported by the vehicle.
        
               | MSFT_Edging wrote:
               | I know for a fact you can neutral-drop a prius.
               | 
               | I know it's not exactly the same, but I was a teenager
               | and curious, and you can rev them and shift into drive
               | with some heel-toe finesse. Not sure if this works on the
               | newer ones, this one was an early 2010s model.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | Thank you for performing the experiment I didn't even
               | know I wanted to know the results of before now.
        
               | MSFT_Edging wrote:
               | I performed many experiments on that family prius and
               | with complete honestly, my experiments weren't even in
               | the top ten worst things that car survived.
               | 
               | Trees, multiple motorcycles, final destination esque road
               | debris, an accident that should have totalled it if not
               | for an insurance mistake, leading to repairs worth more
               | than the car. Three teenage drivers and two adult drivers
               | with heavy feet. Not to mention many many hardware store
               | runs hauling various sacks of yard materials, baby trees,
               | lumber, etc.
               | 
               | My favorite times were rallying on compacted un-plowed
               | snow. The thin tires and light weight meant it absolutely
               | shredded.
               | 
               | It's my opinion that the Toyota Prius is one of the
               | greatest vehicles ever built and they should be respected
               | and feared.
        
               | kstrauser wrote:
               | That's an amazing testimony to its grit. I could stand to
               | hear more of those stories over the appropriate beverage.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | it's possible that the engine rev is just the speakers. a
               | lot of cars are doing fake engine sounds.
        
               | vladvasiliu wrote:
               | The dash has an RPM gauge which moves. Also, the noise is
               | horrendous, not sure why they would have chosen that when
               | they could have used a nicer-sounding tone. This is a
               | tame small car, not something you'd buy to impress your
               | friends.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | They're programmed to rev in situations like that,
               | because people are used to it. Under normal operation,
               | RPM is decided by power needs. If you start accelerating
               | on the freeway, for example, the engine might jump from
               | 1100 RPM to 3000 RPM with just some pedal, while a manual
               | transmission obviously changes very little.
        
             | RegnisGnaw wrote:
             | The whole "pas pedal" becomes faster/slower (one pedal
             | driving) is coming to an end. Its being banned as default
             | in the world's largest EV market (and largest EV export
             | country).
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I'm curious what you mean? I'm fairly confident the post
               | you are responding to was only talking about newer
               | transmissions. Which, I can't imagine those are going
               | away?
        
               | RegnisGnaw wrote:
               | The post is talking about most people drive with BEV ,
               | which is one pedal driving. My Tesla does one pedal
               | driving my default.
               | 
               | China has banned "one pedal driving" as a default.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I took it to be people that are far more aggressive with
               | the gas pedal than they really need to be. That is, it
               | was more the heavy foot than it was letting off to brake.
               | 
               | Regardless, your point stands. People that have gotten
               | used to not directly using brakes to indicate you are
               | slowing down is a dangerous thing with how reliant we are
               | on the standard indications that you are slowing. All the
               | more so if you need to rapidly lose a ton of speed, where
               | even regenerative brakes often fall back to friction.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | > People that have gotten used to not directly using
               | brakes to indicate you are slowing down is a dangerous
               | thing with how reliant we are on the standard indications
               | that you are slowing.
               | 
               | Most, if not all, EVs will light up the brake lights when
               | you're slowing via regen braking as long as the
               | deceleration rate is above a certain threshold. I know my
               | Tesla does.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | This addresses the signalling to the people behind you
               | problem. You still should have the foot nearer the brake
               | so that you can fully stop, if you need to do so rapidly.
               | 
               | Emergency brake systems probably help a lot with this
               | problem, of course. Still seems wise to follow some of
               | the older practices that we used to drill into people.
        
               | stretchwithme wrote:
               | So you just type in the speed you want and hit enter?
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Huh, that's interesting. Apparently China will be banning
               | cars from having one-pedal driving as the default.
               | 
               | Losing muscle memory of pressing the brake pedal. Makes
               | sense, actually.
        
             | taeric wrote:
             | This is less a hybrid thing and more a new transmission
             | thing. It, of course, isn't free. The efficiency of a CVT
             | is a good 10-20 percent lower than previous transmissions.
             | That said, currently, the win from keeping the engine at
             | either the max power or the max efficiency speed is
             | substantial.
             | 
             | There are some really good videos out there going over how
             | newer CVTs work. Looks like some people are working on ones
             | that are teeth driven, to reduce the loss from being free
             | belt driven. Borderline magical stuff, all told.
             | (Obviously, not magic magic. But very very impressive
             | designs.)
        
               | klaff wrote:
               | I have a Subaru (ten years old w/ >200k miles on it's
               | chain-type CVT), and I thought the justification for it
               | was that it was more efficient than previous systems.
               | 
               | From a mechanical engineering standpoint, the Subaru CVT
               | uses a fairly conventional lock-up torque converter at
               | the input, but that gets locked as you pass something
               | like 15-20 mph (once the lowest gear ratio is
               | satisfactory w/o the torque converter function) and
               | beyond that all shifting of the CVT is done w/ the torque
               | converter locked. In addition, the clamping force of the
               | sheaves is adjusted per the torque load of the
               | transmission to minimize the frictional losses.
               | 
               | Anyway I'm curious about data comparing efficiency of
               | conventional and CVT automatics.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | My understanding is that the overall system is more
               | efficient. It is only the transmission that is less so.
               | 
               | The videos online that look at various CVT systems is
               | truly an amazing resource that I regret not having when I
               | was younger. :D
        
               | klaff wrote:
               | If overall efficiency is what you see reflected in the
               | EPA mileage numbers (or similar European tests), in what
               | scenario would a lower efficiency transmission (lower
               | Pout/Pin over some range of operating points?) lead to or
               | even allow better overall efficiency?
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I'm not sure I understand the question? You get the
               | engine to hit its sweet spot and to hold it there. That
               | gain outweighs the loss from the new transmission.
               | 
               | This would be similar to hitting the optimal torque
               | point. The idea there would be that you can get out of
               | the acceleration phase faster, so that you can transition
               | to a more efficient gear to maintain the speed for
               | longer.
               | 
               | The wikipedia looks to cover this well. One of the cites
               | is specific on the efficiency of the CVT. I think I
               | overstated how much higher the loss is, so maybe that is
               | confusing things? I thought it was 10-20, but the cite on
               | the page shows it solidly around 10.
        
               | klaff wrote:
               | Ah, thank you, I see the argument. I'm still a bit
               | skeptical though when many non-CVT automatics are 6 or
               | 8-speed models that there would be much "sweet spot"
               | benefit left by being able to make relatively small
               | changes in engine speed. Like many things probably
               | depends on exactly what comparison is being made.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I mean, we are comparing 6-8 to effectively infinite?
               | Question then comes into just how much is lost by being
               | outside of the sweet spot for an engine. Which, I agree
               | that I would not have thought it would be that big of a
               | deal. Just going off modestly paying attention in my car,
               | I see massive benefits keeping the car around 300 rpms
               | lower.
               | 
               | Interestingly, my car gets better gas mileage around the
               | 40ish speeds than I do at full highway speeds. That
               | somewhat surprises me. It is very dependent on not having
               | a heavy foot, of course.
        
               | roelschroeven wrote:
               | The post you commented on was talking about Toyota
               | hybrids though, who don't use a CVT in the sense you're
               | talking about.
               | 
               | They use a series-parallel hybrid transmission which is
               | sometimes called eCVT, but works completely different
               | from a classic CVT. There are no pullies, belts, chains,
               | none of that. What they do have is a couple of motor-
               | generators and a differential to link the system up with
               | the engine and the drive shaft. No friction losses like
               | CTVs have.
               | 
               | See https://prius.ecrostech.com/original/PriusFrames.htm,
               | or look up "Hybrid Synergy Drive" on Wikipedia or Youtube
               | or your favorite search engine.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Ah, totally fair in that this particular transmission is
               | better than the belt driven CVT stuff. I had thought they
               | were still a bit worse than other transmissions, but it
               | looks like if they are, it is on the order of 1% or so.
               | 
               | Is fascinating to watch these things work.
        
           | SigmundA wrote:
           | Most hybrids on the road are parallel and have a mechanical
           | connection to wheels and vary rpm as needed, although the CVT
           | implementations may hold rpm due to gear ratios like any CVT
           | hybrid or not.
           | 
           | A direct mechanical connection is more efficient at highway
           | cruise speeds than a mechanical->electric->mechanical
           | conversion.
           | 
           | The main win a gasoline hybrid has is in running the Atkinson
           | cycle gaining efficiency while losing torque which the
           | electric motor makes up. This brings the gasoline engine up
           | into diesel efficiency territory.
           | 
           | This is also why you don't really diesel hybrids, the engine
           | is already very efficient but it is more expensive and
           | heavier and hybrid adds more expense and weight.
        
           | nixass wrote:
           | That's the case only with CVT transmission
        
             | pinko wrote:
             | Are there still a lot of hybrids without CVTs?
        
               | eulers_secret wrote:
               | Hyundai/Kia use a traditional 6-speed auto in their
               | hybrids. I drive one, the engine stays at a few RPM
               | stepping points during most driving (it likes ~1600RPM,
               | ~2200RPM, and ~3600RPM). I had a Prius previously, and I
               | like this different setup because it reduces "engine
               | droning noise", which was terrible on the Prius.
               | 
               | Though H/K have recently introduced a new hybrid system
               | with a CVT, so maybe 2026 or 27 model years will be
               | different.
               | 
               | Since I'm only making one comment, I also want to say
               | hybrid cars are better than ICE because there are fewer
               | belt-driven accessories. Aircon in particular on an
               | electric motor is a big improvement. Without the idling
               | engine producing heat, hybrids are much nicer in hot
               | stop-and-go conditions!
               | 
               | Also my Prius made it its whole life (200k miles and ~20
               | years) without ever changing the brake pads... amazing!
        
               | nixass wrote:
               | I'd say that the market is very fragmented.
               | 
               | Toyota and Lexus, obviously, use eCVT in their cars.
               | 
               | Honda is also in eCVT camp for most of their models but
               | for example new CR-V has weird setup. It acts as an BEV
               | until ~80-100kmh and then shifts completely to ICE with a
               | single gear. While in EV mode the engine is constantly
               | charging batteries.
               | 
               | Then you have KIA and Hyundai with their dual clutch
               | setup in all HEV and PHEV range.
        
               | timc3 wrote:
               | Lots. BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Porsche, Volkswagen, Volvo for
               | example.
               | 
               | I find it a pity that Lexus uses CVTs as I would probably
               | sell my BMW 330e and get a Lexus.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | Diesel engines with all their turbochargers, EGR, SCR, DPF
           | etc equipment, work pretty well as part of a hybrid system.
           | All that stuff works much better in steady-state operation.
           | Diesel hybrid buses and trucks are much smoother and cleaner
           | than non-hybrid.
        
           | supportengineer wrote:
           | In order to do this with a gas engine, it can be done but you
           | need to completely mechanically decouple the gas engine from
           | the drivetrain. The gas engine needs to do one thing and one
           | thing only which is charge the battery. The gas engine has
           | maximum efficiency at about 80% throttle.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | The efficiency of the entire system is more important than
             | the efficiency of the engine itself. Charging the battery
             | and then discharging it also incurs losses. Many series
             | hybrids will prioritize generating electricity when some of
             | it is also required to directly drive the motor. They
             | usually don't sit around at low-load situations just
             | generating electricity, unless SOC is low.
             | 
             | > The gas engine has maximum efficiency at about 80%
             | throttle.
             | 
             | ICE efficiency varies in multiple dimensions based on load
             | and RPM, and in a series hybrid, you have some ability to
             | dynamically influence these... throttle would be one of
             | those inputs.
        
           | sliken wrote:
           | There do exist serial hybrids where the engine produces
           | electricity while maintaining the ideal RPM, and then is
           | connected to a battery+electric motors.
           | 
           | However in practice the vast majority of hybrids do not use
           | this approach and have motors that vary RPM with road speed
           | (depending of gearing of course).
           | 
           | The common case of maintaining ideal RPM is the CVT, which
           | most folks dislike, so much so that some models have a switch
           | to pick how many fake gears you have to break up the boring
           | drone of a constant RPM engine.
           | 
           | BTW, the chevy bolt was advertised as a serial hybrid, right
           | up to the day it shipped.
           | 
           | I believe the most common serial hybrid today is an EV with a
           | range extender.
        
         | fho wrote:
         | The rear brake rotors on my Yaris hybrid are basically always
         | rusty because they get used so little. After some time you just
         | know when to start braking so you only use regen instead of the
         | brakes.
        
           | pkolaczk wrote:
           | I confirm and that's an unpleasant surprise. Already had to
           | replace the rear rotors and pads on my Highlander... because
           | of rust. They should add some "brake cleaning" mode to
           | temporarily disable regenerative braking.
        
             | mschild wrote:
             | > They should add some "brake cleaning" mode
             | 
             | Also known as breaking. You could just do that once in a
             | while.
        
               | topsecret wrote:
               | Yup, my Golf GTE is mostly used to fetch groceries, but
               | every now and again I'll blast down a faster road and
               | brake harder than just regen to keep the brakes
               | themselves in good condition. It's almost second-nature
               | at this point.
        
               | dubbel wrote:
               | If you don't break hard enough, it might still be the
               | recuperation doing its work.
               | 
               | Car producers can and do resolve this, e.g. iirc Audis
               | don't use recuperation for the first breaking of the day.
               | That way you don't have to remember to use the no-
               | recuperation/break cleaning mode or break unnecessarily
               | hard every now and then.
        
               | roelschroeven wrote:
               | The manual recommends putting the car in neutral and then
               | braking every once in a while to keep the brakes in good
               | working order. Putting the car in neutral disables the
               | recuperation and makes sure you really use the friction
               | brakes.
               | 
               | (When I say "the manual", I mean both the manual of my
               | previous car which was a hybrid Toyota Auris, and my
               | current car which is a fully electric Volvo XC40.)
        
               | whatevaa wrote:
               | Sure, gonna slam on brakes while in front of you.
               | 
               | It's 2025 and hybrids have enough software to automate
               | some non-hybrid braking action.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | Modern EVs tend to do blended braking (at least by
               | default) in which case pressing the brake pedal gently
               | will likely just do more regen braking. It's only when
               | you request more than regen braking can provide that
               | physical brakes engage.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | *braking
               | 
               | * https://www.dictionary.com/e/brake-vs-break/
               | 
               | The two words are:
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone
        
             | xnzakg wrote:
             | Many of the cars with regenerative braking already do apply
             | the brakes once in a while to prevent them from rusting.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | There's been a few suggestions that drum brakes should make
             | a come back, for EVs.
             | 
             | They're enclosed so they don't get dirty, the inner face of
             | drum will rust less than discs, fade is not an issue thanks
             | to regen braking, and before they get too hot and fade
             | drums will brake harder than disks (thanks to a higher pad
             | surface area). And they're enclosed so they also keep the
             | brake dust inside the drum, making it easier to dispose of
             | safely.
             | 
             | Drums are heavier tho.
        
               | bradfa wrote:
               | Drum brakes are cheaper, too. The VW ID4 has rear drum
               | brakes for all of these reasons and it seems to work out
               | very well.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | Also forget about that bit:
             | 
             | > They should add some "brake cleaning" mode to temporarily
             | disable regenerative braking.
             | 
             | Some manufacturers do that (iirc tesla calls it
             | burninshing, others will switch regen off completely if you
             | switch to neutral or something).
             | 
             | I've read that Audi and Porsche will use regular brakes
             | once or twice at the start of every drive instead of regen,
             | I assume using electronic control to imitate the current
             | state of regen braking.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | It does. My Volvo XC60 T8 PHEV is a 400bhp 2.2 tonne SUV and
         | after over 5 years of ownership the pads are about 20% worn.
         | And I don't drive like a granny either. The car just does most
         | of its braking with the EV motor.
        
           | joezydeco wrote:
           | Same here, XC40P8 and the pads are 10% used after 2.5 years.
           | 
           | But I understand the factory tires are a bit stickier to
           | create a quieter ride which may be throwing more rubber dust
           | into the air. High torque launches don't help either. ;-)
        
         | guidoiaquinti wrote:
         | I came across a really interesting video yesterday
         | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aubi3cK8Ym0) that touches on
         | brake-dust pollution. It also explains how regenerative
         | (kinetic-energy) charging can cut down on heat pollution,
         | something I hadn't realized before. That's actually a big deal
         | for underground metro systems; for instance, the London Tube
         | keeps getting hotter every year.
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | Yes indeed the London underground does use regenerative
           | braking on many of their lines. The cool thing about a direct
           | rail power system is that the voltage generated from trains
           | that are braking can be fed back into the power rail to
           | instantaneously power other trains on the same line that are
           | accelerating. No need to carry the extra weight of a battery
           | or flywheel. And like you say, it helps keep the tunnels
           | cooler.
        
             | KaiserPro wrote:
             | It has to be the same segment, which is a bit of a pain to
             | manage. The amount of power being fed in is getting close
             | to megawatts.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | UK stats are different: https://www.zap-map.com/ev-stats/ev-
         | market , possibly due to the shorter max travel distances.
         | 
         | > As of the end of June 2025, there were 2,450,462 plug-in
         | cars, with over 1,585,000 battery-electric cars and nearly
         | 865,000 PHEVs, registered in the UK.
         | 
         | > There are more fully electric cars than there are plug-in
         | hybrids on UK roads and the gap has been widening. In 2021,
         | fully electric cars accounted for 60% of all plug-in cars but
         | with the increase in options, range and popularity of fully
         | electric cars, and by May 2025 this has increased to 65%.
         | 
         | (That stat does exclude non-pluggable-hybrids, but those are
         | kind of pointless stalling of the transition off petrol)
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | Your source doesn't consider non-plug-in hybrids also known
           | as HEVs because zapmap are a company that sell charging
           | services. The number of HEVs in the UK is about twice the the
           | number of PHEVs so the total number of hybrids is still
           | higher than the total number of BEVs. In 2024, 6% of vehicles
           | on the road were hybrid compared with 3.7% fully electric.
           | 
           | https://www.smmt.co.uk/more-than-a-million-evs-on-uk-
           | roads-a...
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | I wonder which vehicles that is - is that predominantly the
             | non-pluggable Prius?
        
               | TreeInBuxton wrote:
               | There is a wide variety, MHEV is quite popular here due
               | to lack of home charging, as many people live in
               | terraces, etc
               | 
               | We have a selection of smaller popular hatchbacks with
               | MHEV available (ie, the Hyundai i20) that I believe were
               | not released in some markets
               | 
               | The leasing culture for "luxury" cars is quite prevalent
               | here too, and many new cars from popular brands such as
               | Land Rover are at minimum MHEV from new nowadays, in
               | order to get fleet emissions down
        
         | seb1204 wrote:
         | Many hybrids are not driven to max regenerative breaking. You
         | need to drive and look ahead to make good use of the
         | regeneration. Short distance breaking is still fast and using
         | the discs.
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | Hard braking is an _insane_ power. Eg. A typical 4,400 lb car
           | emergency stopping from 80 mph has a braking power of 940
           | horsepower.
           | 
           | Hybrid cars have smaller motors, inverters, and battery packs
           | - and none of those components can absorb 940 horsepower!
           | 
           | A 2nd gen prius battery for example has a max in/out of 30
           | horsepower.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | Always sketches me out using regen for a serious grade
             | decent while laden or towing. I have a sneaking suspicion
             | that one day it's gonna error out and disable itself
             | because too much power and I'll be down to just normal
             | brakes.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | It will disable itself if your battery is already full...
               | 
               | Some cars it's quite an abrupt change from the regen
               | braking to the hydraulic brakes.
        
         | chakintosh wrote:
         | On both my Volvo PHEVs I often look at the brake discs and find
         | them rusty from the amount of regen braking. it almost
         | completely eliminates conventional braking unless it's for
         | collision avoidance.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | My EV turns regenerative braking off for the first use of
           | brakes after beginning a journey, to avoid the rusting disc
           | syndrome.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | What car brand is it? I've read that Audi and Porsche do
             | that.
             | 
             | Also is it only pedal braking? Or does it "fake" things out
             | if you use one-pedal driving?
        
           | tkj922 wrote:
           | So your primary and emergency brake system elements are rusty
           | and that is now somehow a good thing?
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Yes, but only to some degree.
         | 
         | Quote from the actual report:
         | 
         | > As the level of electrification of a vehicle rises, the
         | dependence on regenerative braking also increases, thus
         | lowering PM emissions from brake wear. Based on recent evidence
         | [30], regenerative braking can reduce, in the worst- case
         | scenario (i.e. highest usage of mechanical brakes or
         | equivalently lowest usage of regenerative braking), brake wear
         | emissions by 10-48% for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), 66%
         | for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and 83% for
         | battery electric vehicles (BEVs
        
         | infecto wrote:
         | I have not seen many if any Hybrids that use regen to the same
         | degree as an EV.
        
       | brikym wrote:
       | Heavier cars with more torque at the wheels means more tyre dust.
        
       | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
       | Who knew that a vehicle with two brake systems would use the
       | traditional one less than vehicles with only that type!?
        
         | DangitBobby wrote:
         | You'd be surprised at what people don't know.
        
       | gnarlouse wrote:
       | But they burn through tires much faster due to the battery packs.
       | All that tire friction has to go somewhere right?
        
         | due-rr wrote:
         | They mention that in the article. It's not enough to offset the
         | higher break wear.
        
         | originalvichy wrote:
         | This can also be offset by better traction control. EV engines
         | respond to it much faster.
        
         | kingstnap wrote:
         | EVs don't burn through tires quickly, they just kept you burn
         | through tires quickly.
         | 
         | Tire wear is an extremely strong function of torque. If you
         | accelerate and decelerate calmly then the stiff tires they put
         | on EVs will last a long time.
         | 
         | A lot of people drive EVs extremely aggressively because the
         | motor provides a ton of instant torque and they find it fun.
        
       | mjevans wrote:
       | Ban the stop and go hell of rush hour. Cars rolling at freeway
       | speed without stopping pollute way less than drivers stuck behind
       | idiots who can't just go forward down the road at the speed
       | limit.
       | 
       | The human suffering and ecological impact reduced if only there
       | would be a focus on enforcing speed minimums...
        
         | djrj477dhsnv wrote:
         | Even if everyone drove optimally, every road is going to reach
         | a capacity where its physically impossible to maintain a
         | certain speed. It's similar to network congestion. Mandating
         | that everyone drive faster won't solve anything.
        
           | mjevans wrote:
           | It would reduce the duration of rush hour... once the least
           | skilled drivers were improved or removed from the pool. I do
           | agree it wouldn't solve a complete lack of capacity, civic
           | planning, transportation infrastructure. Including lack of
           | busses that travel frequently enough and where people want to
           | go.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | > once the least skilled drivers were improved or removed
             | from the pool.
             | 
             | Let me guess this straight, the plan would be that:
             | 
             | 1. in a global environment (the following steps are done
             | everywhere around the world)
             | 
             | 2. where maximum speeds, though:
             | 
             | - clearly marked everywhere
             | 
             | - mentioned during driving lessons and driving codes/books
             | 
             | - part of the written driving exam every driver has to pass
             | 
             | - enforced by police, cameras, a myriad of automated
             | systems etc
             | 
             | 3. are still ignored by, say, 40%+ of drivers
             | 
             | ... so, the plan would be that in this environment,
             | mandating minimum speeds would actually improve anything?
             | :-)))
             | 
             | I'd be super happy to read the study proving this. Where by
             | study, I mean actual physical trial.
        
             | potato3732842 wrote:
             | >It would reduce the duration of rush hour... I do agree it
             | wouldn't solve a complete lack of capacity,
             | 
             | Exactly. Rush hour is like dumping 5gal bucket into a sink.
             | You'll always be bottlenecked by the drain but a better
             | drain will mean all the drops get where they're going
             | faster and with less waiting around.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | I think if find a way to fix the worst of the worst it'd
           | probably up the throughputs and speeds a lot in the same way
           | that quashing TCP retrans problems does.
        
         | mc3301 wrote:
         | It isn't just slow or distracted drivers. It is congestion. It
         | is too many cars, and the impossible task of making them all
         | "go" at the same time.
         | 
         | What we need is fewer cars and better shared transportation.
         | 
         | Heck, we should replace ALL cars with busses, and then they
         | could go super fast with all the other buses. Make 'em small,
         | so it's maybe 20 people per bus. That's 20 cars off the road,
         | right there.
        
         | dontlaugh wrote:
         | I assume by that you mean provide good and cheap public
         | transportation so people no longer have to drive.
        
         | matsemann wrote:
         | It's just traffic. The arrogance of thinking everyone else is
         | the problem is kinda weird. You're just as responsible for the
         | congestion and pollution.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | Quality of operation absolutely is a factor in the equation.
           | The overall results seem to get dragged down to the lowest
           | common denominator. Something like a park-and-ride lot after
           | an arrival cleans out way faster/better than a school despite
           | both more than saturating whatever their entry onto the main
           | road is.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | What causes stop and go is actually pressure waves that
         | propagate backwards through traffic once density hits a
         | critical point.
         | 
         | When everyone is following at a reasonable distance (ie,
         | there's a couple of car lengths between cars), if someone has
         | to hit the brakes for some reason (sun in their eyes, car cuts
         | them off, etc), then the car behind can slow instead of
         | stopping, and it doesn't propagate. Notably, the person who
         | triggered the wave doesn't even need to stop. If the person
         | behind them is following close enough, just slowing down a
         | little bit will cause the person behind to slow _more_, and the
         | person behind them to stop.
         | 
         | Once everyone is stacked on top of each other, any interruption
         | in the flow of traffic propogates backwards. That's why when
         | you get to the "end" of the traffic congestion it looks like
         | people stopped for "no reason". But you've just hit the front
         | of a pressure wave. You'll probably hit another one in a little
         | while if density doesn't ease up ahead of you.
         | 
         | The only way to eliminate stop and go traffic is to stop people
         | from entering onto the freeway after it hits a certain density.
        
       | roschdal wrote:
       | So let's make cleaner brakes for combustion-engine cars.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | 55k miles on my Leaf. Not even halfway through the first set of
       | brake pads. I cannot say the same thing about the tires.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | > alluding to the black discolorations on alloy wheels
       | 
       | There are ceramic brakes that produce very little particulate
       | matter by comparison to semi-metallic. The only downside is
       | performance can degrade more in extreme driving conditions
       | (sustained racing with heavy braking). For a daily driver, it's a
       | quieter and cleaner material.
        
       | apichat wrote:
       | > _The EIT Urban Mobility report also refers to the bigger
       | picture: moving commuters out of private cars and into public
       | transport, cycling, or walking can achieve up to five times more
       | reduction in non-exhaust emissions than individual
       | electrification._
       | 
       | And this is just one the many nuisances produce by cars.
       | 
       | Electric cars do not massively reduce almost any of the pollution
       | produced by cars.
       | 
       | We have to reduce the automobile fleet by at least 95% to solve
       | all the nuisances produces by cars.
        
       | simonebrunozzi wrote:
       | A well known fact by Brembo, one of the biggest brakes producers
       | in the world, which has been working for years to find new
       | products and new markets, preparing for the time when a lot more
       | EVs will be on the road.
        
         | gmm1990 wrote:
         | I'd think they'd make more money on the bigger brakes needed
         | for evs with higher weights than they'd lose on the brake pad
         | replacements.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | Brake pads are small parts that last for years. It is nothing
       | compared to the number of tankfuls of gas that an ICE car goes
       | through over the lifetime of its brakes.
       | 
       | This is like the March of Dimes syndrome. We got rid of exhaust
       | with electric cars, but the cars-are-bad activists continue to
       | exist and need something to gripe about.
        
       | PeterStuer wrote:
       | On my non EV car I seldom use the break unless in an emergency or
       | I have to come to a full stop.
       | 
       | I always use the cruise control to decelerate and accelerate.
       | Anyone else has that habit?
        
         | angulardragon03 wrote:
         | ... how do you think the cruise control decelerates you? Is
         | this a troll post?
        
           | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
           | Regen
        
           | rkomorn wrote:
           | Maybe this is different on cars newer than 2015 but I've
           | never felt cruise control apply brakes.
           | 
           | At most, I've felt it shift down (on an automatic, obviously)
           | to use engine braking while it was trying to reduce speed
           | going downhill.
           | 
           | Any other time, it's only slowed down by coasting.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | It lets off the accelerator to reduce speed to the new
           | setting, just like a human would.
        
           | PeterStuer wrote:
           | At least on the cars I had over the years, it does not apply
           | the brakes. Depending on how far it is from the target, it
           | lets of the trottle and it uses engine breaking.
        
       | sub7 wrote:
       | Has anyone modeled how much excess cement and asphalt pollution
       | is generated by having a tiny car weigh as much as a giant truck?
       | Or the water usage of increased lithium mining?
       | 
       | EVs are like an inferior product being shoved down everyone's
       | throat when consumer cars don't even account for the most
       | emissions globally.
        
       | DataDaemon wrote:
       | continuation of EV propaganda, which are much heavier cars.
        
         | oblio wrote:
         | They'll get lighter as battery tech progresses.
         | 
         | The first Li-Ion battery revolution has already happened, it's
         | just not evenly distributed.
         | 
         | https://www.androidpolice.com/what-are-silicon-carbon-batter...
         | 
         | And that's before we get into stuff like solid state batteries.
         | 
         | 10 years from now we'll probably have battery packs which are
         | at least 20% lighter, available in some mid-range vehicles.
        
         | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
         | Curb weight of a Tesla Model (Long Range) is only 9% over a
         | comparable BMW 3 Series.
         | 
         | That's nothing compared to all the savings (tail pipes
         | emissions, break dust, noise, ICE maintenance issues...). And
         | we're just getting started with battery chemistries and
         | renewables energy. This can only get better.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | > Curb weight of a Tesla Model (Long Range) is only 9% over a
           | comparable BMW 3 Series.
           | 
           | Which means 40% more road maintenance.
           | 
           | > And we're just getting started with battery chemistries and
           | renewables energy. This can only get better.
           | 
           | Which implies it is better to delay switching until we have
           | better batteries
        
             | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
             | >Which implies it is better to delay switching until we
             | have better batteries
             | 
             | Let's discard everything but road maintenance?
             | 
             | No thanks.
             | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-mitigation-15c
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | > Let's discard everything but road maintenance?
               | 
               | not what I said. The points were:
               | 
               | 1. its not all good.
               | 
               | 2. if we buy cars with battery chemistries that will soon
               | be replaced with better ones there is a good argument for
               | delaying purchases. Not having to replace the cars again,
               | for example.
        
         | originalvichy wrote:
         | Electrons are lighter than crude oil.
        
       | gregorvand wrote:
       | Does this apply to fixies then as well? I might reignite my use
       | of one in a city vs traditional bike if so ...!
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Fixed-gear bicycles, is apparently what a "fixie" is for anyone
         | else wondering
        
       | philipallstar wrote:
       | > Gains, however, are not equitable. Low-income neighborhoods,
       | which often endure the highest pollution impacts, have seen
       | slower EV uptake, demonstrating the necessity of access to clean
       | transport on an equitable basis.
       | 
       | Air quality tier list:
       | 
       | S-tier: African/American/Australasian countries that were never
       | discovered by the West, and have no energy sources (hypothetical)
       | 
       | B-tier: Western countries and similar (e.g. Japan), and those
       | who've had a resource that they've traded for Western advances
       | (e.g. Asia/Middle East) that can afford nuclear and renewables
       | 
       | D-tier: Sub-Saharan African/South American countries that now
       | have energy needs but are burning coal or diesel to meet them
        
       | newsclues wrote:
       | EVs tend to be heavier that ICE vehicles, I'm skeptical of this
       | conclusion.
       | 
       | I'm not sure how you get more tire wear but less brake dust.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Regenerative braking (i.e. magnets), as mentioned in the top
         | comments? I'm not sure I understand the question
        
       | alliao wrote:
       | the brake needs a brand new design for EV... as of now it's used
       | so little I kind of fear when I need it it's not going to be
       | performant. It's not simply not engineered for current EV use
       | case where it's touched every once in a while, I think it can go
       | weeks without being used. However manufacturers don't have any
       | incentive to blend it with regen from time to time, as to get it
       | up to temperature requires a LOT of braking, which reduces the
       | mileage/efficiency. Even Volvo recently had a recall[1] over
       | regen braking bug, it looks like brake-by-wire system where
       | software have control over blending brake, and decides in this
       | case to not engage physical brakes at all even when user input
       | suggests more braking. We just need a new brake system that can
       | stay performant without being used at all for a long time and
       | won't rust or jam [1]
       | https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a65464238/volvo-brake-fail...
        
         | AngryData wrote:
         | That is actually one reason some companies are trying to move
         | back to all drum brakes for EVs. The drum protects the brakes
         | from water, rust, and debri fairly well and is far more
         | reliable when not used as often. The only real obstacle is car
         | companies having spent the last few decades focusing all their
         | braking and traction control features on disc brakes so they
         | need to be reimplemented for use in drums. And really most
         | consumer vehicles never should have stopped using drum brakes,
         | they are better for everything except high performance
         | racing/heat dissipation, but disc brakes were used for
         | sales/marketing because race cars use them, and most all the
         | improvements for brake systems started with racing so were
         | initially and primarily designed for use with discs.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | This comment comes across a lot like the fanboys screeching
           | about how their 1985 or 91 Toyota had a "nice" interior as if
           | the most rattle prone 2009 GM work truck interior isn't
           | better in every way just as a result of sheer cumulative
           | progress. Like if you actually put A beside B and look at
           | them without the rose tinted veneer of nostalgia it's not
           | even a comparison.
           | 
           | Rusty rarely exercised drum brakes have a ton of failure
           | modes that result in severely degraded or nonexistent
           | performance that the average motorist probably wouldn't care
           | about until they really need the brakes and they don't all
           | work well enough.
           | 
           | The heat capacity of drums is pretty easily made noticeable,
           | not "exceeded" to the point of substantially reduced
           | capacity, but noticeable from the driver's seat in just a few
           | good stops in high ambient temps (think like stop and go
           | light to light in somewhere like DC or Miami) or one decent
           | hill. Yeah you can polish the turd with fancy fins and
           | materials and airflow, etc. but discs are just so much better
           | per dollar and per pound.
           | 
           | Most of the problems discs have are NVH and rotor problems
           | that are easily solved for intermittent/lesser use with the
           | simple use of better alloys (Dexter even makes stainless for
           | boat trailers, which are probably the ultimate example of
           | extreme intermittent usage, so it's not like this is
           | groundbreaking). Dominant slider pin designs these days are
           | highly optimized for performance/NVH at the expense of
           | longevity but there's an entire catalog of historical designs
           | that one could easily conclude have better tradeoffs for less
           | demanding usage.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | Rusted rarely exercised drum brakes are already known to be
             | far more reliable than rusted rarely exercised disc brakes,
             | that is why many vehicles still or had until recently kept
             | drum brakes in the rear where they get far less usage and
             | get 1/10th the attention as front brakes. Or in trailers
             | brakes that are utilized far less often.
             | 
             | But people already had this entire debate decades ago when
             | disc brakes were first implemented. If you are racing or
             | using a lot of braking power, discs are obviously better,
             | they have better heat dissipation, they are quicker to
             | repair and replace, more predictable for analog/dumb
             | traction and stability control systems, and getting them
             | rusty and dirty isn't a concern because you are racing
             | and/or using the shit out of them. And most of the
             | disadvantages became of little concern to consumers because
             | when the consumer market moved towards automatic
             | transmissions and smaller displacement engines people
             | stopped engine braking constantly and were instead clearing
             | their brakes off at literally every stop so dirty disc
             | brakes stopped being a common concern. But the downsides
             | still exist and is why disc brakes haven't taken over all
             | applications.
             | 
             | Like yeah, drums have less heat capacity and worse cooling,
             | but the entire point of regenerative braking is that you
             | don't use them as much and so heat issues don't matter,
             | only a small fraction of your braking force will use the
             | physical brakes. Ideally in an EV your physical brakes are
             | 100% a safety item, not a common usage item, and so
             | reliability should be the top concern.
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | >Rusted rarely exercised drum brakes are already known to
               | be far more reliable than rusted rarely exercised disc
               | brakes, that is why many vehicles still or had until
               | recently kept drum brakes in the rear where they get far
               | less usage and get 1/10th the attention as front brakes.
               | 
               | My ass. They might be "trouble free" in that you don't
               | notice them not doing anything whereas a well rusted
               | rotor will be very clearly cranky and/or felt in the
               | brake pedal or steering wheel and perhaps the driver will
               | elect to take it to the shop.
               | 
               | >Or in trailers brakes that are utilized far less often.
               | 
               | And which have a pretty strong reputation for always
               | being in some degraded state or otherwise not working to
               | full capacity.
               | 
               | >Ideally in an EV your physical brakes are 100% a safety
               | item, not a common usage item, and so reliability should
               | be the top concern
               | 
               | In which case a disk is far more likely to work, if
               | poorly and loudly whereas a drum is much more likely to
               | be completely out to lunch for some huge fraction of the
               | cylinder's travel from a long ago seized adjuster or
               | whatever.
               | 
               | Yeah, drum brakes "can" be made to work. I bet wagon
               | style friction brakes "can" be made to work. But discs
               | are just soooo much easier. Throw an 80s style stainless
               | slider arrangement on it so pins aren't a concern and
               | pony up for a galvanized or stainless rotor and it
               | becomes a basically a "good for the life of the car" item
               | if you don't go through the pads.
        
       | bartread wrote:
       | In four years of plug-in hybrid ownership, and maybe 50k miles, I
       | haven't even had to replace pads, and the car wasn't new when I
       | bought it. I even commented on the longevity at the dealership
       | the last time I took it for a service, and they said they see it
       | a lot with hybrids. The regen braking really does make a huge
       | difference.
        
         | guywithahat wrote:
         | Is 50k a lot? I drove my ford fiesta 120k without changing the
         | pads. I'm certain the motor helps, but assuming it's a
         | relatively lightweight vehicle I don't think you should be
         | changing pads that much unless you're an aggressive driver
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | Yes this is why EV brake pads last 2-3 times more miles. They
       | aren't being used due to the regen braking.
        
         | Karawebnetwork wrote:
         | I wonder how does this compare with engine braking. Many people
         | in the comment section are surprised that their EV's pads are
         | lasting up to 4 years yet as someone who always drove manual
         | cars and who leverages engine braking this sound like a normal
         | length.
        
           | steveBK123 wrote:
           | Not sure but very few cars are sold with manuals anymore
           | especially in US. Most people here under 40 or even 50 don't
           | know how to drive one.
        
       | incomingpain wrote:
       | I quite rarely actually use my brakes. Regen for the win!
        
       | StumpChunkman wrote:
       | On a meta note, I come to HN for the typically more informed and
       | sometimes expert takes on the issues and articles that surface
       | here, especially for tech related news. It's interesting how even
       | this site is not insulated from some absolutely insane
       | misinformation about EV's that starts to show up in the comments
       | whenever they are brought up. I mean, just look at how many
       | comments this article about brake dust has generated.
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | Due to regenerative braking. Also, obviously.
        
       | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
       | It feels like we are still trying to convince ourselves that EVs
       | are a good idea. Progress is too slow and too painful.
        
         | azinman2 wrote:
         | Why wouldn't they obviously be?
        
           | p_j_w wrote:
           | Because some people stand to lose boatloads of money if they
           | are.
        
             | amusingimpala75 wrote:
             | (To be clear I quite happen to like EVs)
             | 
             | And those people who would lose money are the EV
             | manufacturers. AFAIK in the US EV manufacturers are barely
             | making money even with gov't subsidies (baring Tesla). They
             | can't charge what would be necessary without subsidies
             | because most people simply wouldn't want or couldn't afford
             | such a product at that price point.
        
               | MetaWhirledPeas wrote:
               | I've been looking for a place to talk about this.
               | Seemingly through a potent combination of government
               | subsidies, willingness to embrace the technology, and
               | general STEM competence, China has _exploded_ with
               | quality EV manufacturers. The ICE manufacturers are
               | doomed regardless of what type of car they try to sell.
               | 
               | It makes me wonder about this from a policy perspective.
               | China, more than any other country, has the power to dump
               | products at a net loss to the country for the sake of a
               | long term victory. That's tough to combat.
        
           | moate wrote:
           | I believe OP is lamenting the fact that we still need to have
           | the "EV/hybrids's are better the ICE vehicles" discussion in
           | 2025. That there's a segment of the population that needs a
           | mountain of such overwhelming evidence to be convinced of the
           | value.
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | Ah yes. Sorry I read that comment and replied with mine
             | soon after waking. My brain wasn't fully on yet :)
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | The best thing I saw was some Kia beating a Ferrari on a race
         | test on instagram. What was great about it was the the
         | commentary. The comments were all about how beautiful a ferrari
         | was and no longer about its exceptional performance (which is
         | the original raison d'etre) - and a lot of nostalgia
         | complaining about how EVs are going to be the death of
         | beautifully engineered cars.
         | 
         | Yes I know the KIA is only faster during acceleration and
         | theres more to cars than acceleration/top speed that ... but
         | the commentary was too funny. It made ferrari look like a car
         | from the past.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | There are some technical issues in terms of changing over in a
         | hurry due to providing charging infrastructure and the like.
        
       | allthedatas wrote:
       | Very urban focused of course given the site and there's nothing
       | wrong with an urban focus for EVs.
       | 
       | EVs as they are being pushed on us are made for cities. Outside
       | of a dense urban area, EVs without a gas/diesel powered charger
       | (aka hybrid) are much less useful, but I do not want to see
       | charging stations everywhere either.
       | 
       | Kinetic recovery is great, but as there are orders of magnitude
       | less braking required driving outside of cities, the recovered
       | energy is also much less, and the brake dust generated is also
       | much less. Also there are far fewer cars per mile of road (let
       | alone size of the area) and any brake dust pollution is spread
       | over a much wider area.
       | 
       | Many of the negative pollution issues associated with cars are
       | due to excessive density in urban areas, the added amount of
       | braking, the added idling, and the extra acceleration repeatedly
       | required in a city with a stop light every block.
        
       | janosch_123 wrote:
       | For DIY EV conversions (I built some cars) you usually hook up
       | the "regenerate braking" to the brakelight switch.
       | 
       | So as soon as you tap the brake pedal just a little, you start
       | regenerating and see the amps flow back into the battery (I have
       | a little display on my dashboard). Only when you press the pedal
       | further, do you start engaging the friction brakes.
       | 
       | I have no statistics on brake pad differences because we didn't
       | build enough cars/didn't cover enough mileage to measure, but it
       | is obvious that you would cut down on brake pad usage.
       | 
       | Everything I know about EVs and the tech behind it I share on:
       | youtube.com/@foxev-content
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | With a manual car, it was common to downshift and use the
         | engine to decelerate. I'm wondering if electric vehicles might
         | actually cause a return to a third pedal to re-add some of the
         | fine tuned controls that a manual transmission allowed. Maybe
         | the "downshift" could engage the regen brake specifically.
        
           | jetbalsa wrote:
           | Some EVs have single pedal mode, where if you let off the gas
           | it will bring you to a complete stop,
        
           | darknavi wrote:
           | Some EVs have that. Anecdotally, once you get used to "one
           | pedal driving" having that sort of control (via extra input
           | mechanisms like steering wheel pedals) is just plain
           | annoying.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Cool idea. Perhaps a better idea would be to borrow from the
           | brake balance adjustment in race cars, wherein an adjuster
           | dial/knob allows the driver to alter the balance between the
           | front vs rear brakes when the brakes are applied (very useful
           | in wet vs dry conditions, high-speed vs low-speed sections,
           | etc.). So, instead of adjusting the F-R brake balance, the
           | dial could adjust the regen-vs-mechanical braking, up to the
           | limit of the batteries to accept power input.
           | 
           | Another way of further reducing brake dust might be to have a
           | higher regen setting that dumps excess power to a heat sink
           | and cooling system, up to its limit before engaging the
           | mechanical brake pads/discs.
        
             | cptskippy wrote:
             | Most of the dynamics like that are abstracted away in EVs
             | (i.e. dumbed down) or buried in menus and not readily
             | accessible. I think this is done in part because the
             | majority of people don't know or care about them, and if
             | they were readily accessible would toggle them unknowingly
             | and be confused or upset. In the Nissan Leaf it was done
             | intentionally to make the car feel as much like a
             | traditional ICE as possible.
             | 
             | In the first gen Nissan Leaf you can toggle between two
             | levels of regeneration by toggling "B mode" which mimics
             | automatic transmission car's behavior in "Hill mode" or
             | when disabling "Overdrive". In the Leaf it just increases
             | regeneration strength when you let off the accelerator.
             | Similarly you can adjust the acceleration curve by
             | disengaging "Eco mode".
             | 
             | Turning Eco mode off and Hill mode on makes the Leaf a lot
             | of fun to drive on winding mountain roads. Unfortunately
             | you only get like 15 minutes of drive time...
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Pretty much all hybrids already do this, but automatically.
             | When you press the brake pedal, they will command regen
             | first, and only the hydraulic brakes under conditions when
             | regen is not enough.
             | 
             | Series hybrids also have the ability to dump excess power
             | just like you are suggesting as well. Instead of resistor
             | banks (like trains) they often dump energy by using the
             | generator to spin the engine... literally engine braking.
        
           | dunham wrote:
           | I did this with manual, and my EV does this with a single
           | pedal control. Letting off of the pedal will engage
           | regenerative breaking to the extent that you let off the
           | pedal, it does not engage the brakes. I find that in a lot of
           | city driving I don't need the brakes, but they do work fine
           | when I need them. I really like this functionality. The car
           | can also creep along at 1-2 Mph when necessary - so I don't
           | need brakes to deal with slow traffic. (With a manual, first
           | gear would sometimes suffice for this.)
           | 
           | So the premise in the title of the article does not surprise
           | me, but I thought that the primary pollution complaint about
           | electric vehicles was tire pollution and not brake dust.
        
           | Eric_WVGG wrote:
           | I used to do that with a vintage 70's sportscar... later
           | learned that it was pretty bad for the long-term life of the
           | transmission so had to train myself out of it.
        
             | prova_modena wrote:
             | It's gentle on the transmission and clutch if you rev match
             | on the downshifts.
        
               | erikerikson wrote:
               | Or see the hill coming and downshift before it is needed
        
               | RankingMember wrote:
               | Also fun! Half the fun of a manual for me is double-
               | clutching (totally not necessary unless you have no
               | synchros but it's a fun challenge) and nailing the rev-
               | match on a downshift.
        
           | Finnucane wrote:
           | 'common'? When I was a young'n, I was taught that that was
           | basically an emergency procedure to use if the brakes failed,
           | to force the car to slow down. I can't imagine wanting to do
           | that routinely.
        
             | mnw21cam wrote:
             | If you drive down any significant hill, you either use
             | engine braking, or you overheat your brakes. It's a fairly
             | basic part of driving tuition and the driving test for a
             | good reason.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | When I visited a nearby observatory it was fun driving on
               | the mountain and seeing the signs telling you to use
               | engine braking on the way down and trying it for the
               | first time.
        
               | mnw21cam wrote:
               | ?! - I'm clearly missing something because I'm failing to
               | understand how people don't know about engine braking or
               | have just tried it for the first time, and actually have
               | a licence. It's approximately lesson number four in
               | typical driving tuition.
        
             | whycome wrote:
             | My car (an old Jetta) lasted ~20 years and was still good
             | to go when I got rid of it. Only the body itself had any
             | issues. I suppose the use would vary based on terrain? It
             | was useful to get to a gear with more torque for taking off
             | again. And I guess you're not doing it from really high
             | revs -- so it was just using the engine to slow things
        
           | OkayPhysicist wrote:
           | My Bolt has a hand paddle behind the steering wheel that
           | engages regenerative brakes (and only the regenerative
           | brakes). I make use of it extensively. When in "single pedal"
           | (where the accelerator acts as a speed selector, i.e., the
           | car brakes when you step off the 'gas'), it's a lot more
           | aggressive than just lifting my foot off the pedal, and when
           | in "simulate an automatic transmission" 2 pedal mode, I find
           | the paddle is easier than figuring out exactly where the
           | threshold is on my brake pedal between regen and friction
           | brakes.
        
             | buerkle wrote:
             | I love my bolt, but I wish it allowed you to choose a less
             | aggressive setting when using the steering wheel paddle. My
             | old leaf had that option.
        
           | jgilias wrote:
           | Was it that common? Where I'm from that's "winter driving
           | mode" because it's safer on slippery surfaces, but rarely
           | anyone would do that in the summer time.
           | 
           | My EV is set on max regen mode though, and I sometimes drive
           | without pressing the brakes, as there's a paddle I can use to
           | use regen for all my braking needs bar an emergency. It even
           | has a name - single pedal driving.
        
             | MrDunham wrote:
             | Can't speak to if it's common, but it was how I was taught
             | and drove in California... so there was rarely any winter
             | conditions to speak of.
             | 
             | I preferred downshifting VS braking, personally
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Some vehicles repurpose shift paddles as a way to trigger
           | regen braking. But they're pretty gimmicky and not really
           | useful for driving. If you want to use regen in a vehicle
           | that supports it, the brake pedal does that. And when regen
           | is not enough, the hydraulic brakes are also used. But a
           | "sometimes brake" pedal that only support regen sounds like a
           | bad idea. Vehicle controls as essential as braking need to be
           | consistant in how they respond to input behavior.
        
             | DamnInteresting wrote:
             | I've been driving a Chevy Bolt for over 8 years now, and I
             | regularly use the regen paddle. I drive in "L" mode, which
             | engages partial regen when the accelerator is released.
             | When I need more slowing, I pull the paddle, and that
             | increases the aggressiveness of the regen. I only press the
             | brake for quick stops, or to hold the car once it has
             | stopped.
             | 
             | I also use the built in "hilltop reserve" feature, which
             | limits charging to 90%. This ensures that there is always
             | regen resistance, and therefore a consistent experience.
        
       | chiffre01 wrote:
       | My DIY e-bike has regenerate braking. It makes no meaningful
       | difference for the battery charge. But in terms of brake pad
       | life, they do seem to last about twice as long as before.
        
         | tartoran wrote:
         | I have an electric unicycle and it also has regenerative
         | braking and it seems to make a huge difference in consumption
         | when riding in hilly areas.
        
       | nordsieck wrote:
       | From what I've heard there's a countervailing effect for EVs,
       | though - they end up generating more particulate pollution from
       | tire wear because of greater vehicle weight and greater torque.
       | 
       | The number that I've seen bandied about is ~20% greater tire
       | wear.
        
         | D13Fd wrote:
         | That was my first thought. Fewer brake particles is great, but
         | I'm guessing it won't be enough to counter the increased tire
         | wear.
        
           | janosch_123 wrote:
           | Not sure about that. If you accelerate a 2t vehicle to 60mph
           | and then decelerate it back to 0mph then they would stress
           | the tyres in the same way, no matter if you do EV & regen, EV
           | no-regen or ICE, right? (I am keeping the weight constant).
           | 
           | Prompted by your comment I had a look at vehicle weights and
           | two facts stood out
           | 
           | - ALL new cars are getting heavier EVERY YEAR because we keep
           | adding more stuff (average car weight, and average SUV weight
           | trend upwards from 2016 to 2023)
           | 
           | - The average electric car is heavier than a petrol
           | equivalent but is lighter than an SUV
           | 
           | Weight certainly a problem, but the focus on EVs for weight
           | is generally blown out of proportion.
           | 
           | https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/cars/article-13588773/Ne.
           | .. https://www.sustainabilitybynumbers.com/p/weighty-issue-
           | of-e...
        
         | tonymet wrote:
         | They address this briefly in the article (though inadequately)
         | , that tire particles are heavier and doesn't end up in the air
         | like brake dust.
         | 
         | But you do raise a good point at the holistic condition, and
         | assessing a broader population with less than ideal
         | configuration.
         | 
         | They are looking at lightweight EVs at lower speeds. But
         | Americans drive heavier EVs at highway speeds. The rotors &
         | pads are huge.
        
           | pdabbadabba wrote:
           | > They are looking at lightweight EVs at lower speeds. But
           | Americans drive heavier EVs at highway speeds. The rotors &
           | pads are huge.
           | 
           | Perhaps other EV drivers can chime in but, if anything, I
           | think I use my friction brakes _less_ at highway speeds
           | where, in general, you 're not really supposed to do a lot of
           | braking. I'd say, overall and regardless of speed, my
           | friction brakes are really used only to bring the car to a
           | complete stop or for emergency braking to avoid a potential
           | accident.
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > Perhaps other EV drivers can chime in but, if anything, I
             | think I use my friction brakes less at highway speeds
             | where, in general, you're not really supposed to do a lot
             | of braking. I'd say, overall and regardless of speed, my
             | friction brakes are really used only to bring the car to a
             | complete stop or for emergency braking to avoid a potential
             | accident.
             | 
             | Some people are very responsible with money - they have an
             | emergency fund, contribute to their retirement fund, and
             | don't carry a credit card balance.
             | 
             | Other people (who have a choice) spend to 0 every month,
             | don't save, and have maxed out credit cards.
             | 
             | In the same way, some people drive very safely; they keep a
             | responsible distance between them and the driver in front
             | of them, and don't tend to speed much. I think this style
             | of driving would naturally lead to what you say - less use
             | of friction breaks in general, and especially at highway
             | speeds.
             | 
             | And other people are constantly speeding, and tailgate the
             | person in front of them when their path is blocked. For the
             | people who drive this way, the greater acceleration of EVs
             | just lets them drive that much more recklessly. Which ends
             | up necessitating _even more_ usage of friction brakes.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | I'm one of the chill EV drivers too. but imagine the
             | distribution over vehicles that are 30-75% heavier, and the
             | range of drivers from chill to agro (leaning toward agro),
             | and you can see the benefits and costs start to cancel out.
             | 
             | I still expect EVs to be a net improvement on brake dust.
             | just not as massive as the study. maybe about 1/2 - 1/3 of
             | the study's results
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | You can get similar results with proper deceleration, engine
       | braking and downshifting. I've had brake pads last 110k miles
       | (with room for 20k+ more), even though I lived in moderate hilly
       | area. That's probably 1/3 the brake dust, and comparable to an EV
       | .
       | 
       | If you are getting lower MPG than the EPA rating, you are also
       | burning up your brakes from heavy deceleration. Improve your MPG
       | to 15% over EPA and your brakes will last a lot longer.
       | 
       | Also their studies were in European markets with tiny EVs and low
       | speeds. Americans are favoring 7k-9k lb EVs (Hummer, Rivian),
       | with massive brake rotors and PADs-- at highway speeds 75mph+. A
       | good driver of a 3k lb vehicle will produce less brake dust than
       | a typical driver of a 9k EV.
       | 
       | Studies like this are helpful, but they are not comprehensive.
       | Similar to the marketing that home LEDs would have 10-20 year
       | longevity, yet in practice they burn out after a few years. The
       | full supply and application chain has to align for the ideal
       | results in practice.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Upvoted for making sense of basic physics.
         | 
         | Another factor is speed.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | tried to capture that via EPA MPG ratings. if people reduce
           | acceleration & top speed they can save a lot of brake wear
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | But in a manual transmission car, downshifting and engine
         | braking produces clutch dust instead of brake dust (basically
         | the same thing).
        
           | _jss wrote:
           | In a modern car, or if you adequately rev match, the clutch
           | wear is extremely small. Only if you are aggressively down
           | shifting will that be a problem. It's also only wear at that
           | point in time, not the entire time through engine braking.
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | exactly!
        
           | kylebenzle wrote:
           | Well, that's just not true at all now is it?
        
           | bevr1337 wrote:
           | Anecdotally, every car I've been in where the driver talks
           | about engine braking is rode hard and put up wet. Humans seem
           | pretty bad at downshifting/engine braking outside of vehicles
           | designed for that purpose like big rigs. Cars have much fewer
           | gears so it's harder to align the downshift.
           | 
           | Of course there's little use in having this conversation
           | since we all think ourselves above average drivers. I've had
           | acquaintances reply "I don't even need a clutch I can shift
           | so smooth!" (Do not attempt.)
        
             | tonymet wrote:
             | automatic transmissions engine brake as well. most drivers
             | don't use it, a shame. I can smell the ozone on long
             | descents. if they downshifted their automatic, hardly any
             | braking would be needed would be needed.
        
               | bevr1337 wrote:
               | Mine engine brakes, but it's true that it wouldn't be
               | smart enough to engine brake going downhill. This is my
               | first automatic after a couple decades of manual. It
               | would be really nice improvement for automatics.
               | 
               | There are _moments_ where I would like to exercise more
               | control, like the long downhill example or maybe staying
               | in a low gear in bad weather.
               | 
               | But, I'm still unconvinced that engine braking on a
               | manual transmission in a consumer sedan for every
               | stoplight is helpful. Cars weigh a lot, simply let off
               | the gas a few seconds earlier.
        
               | tonymet wrote:
               | yeah i agree stoplight clutch braking is unnecessary
               | wear.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | not quite. Think of a 2 mile descent. The clutch is only
           | engaged for a fraction of a second. rest of the 2 miles is
           | engine braking.
           | 
           | When done properly , clutch wear is minimal. My clutch lasted
           | > 150k miles and still going
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | > If you are getting lower MPG than the EPA rating, you are
         | also burning up your brakes from heavy deceleration. Improve
         | your MPG to 15% over EPA and your brakes will last a lot
         | longer.
         | 
         | 100%.
         | 
         | People need to understand that the brake pedal is an evil
         | device that converts your cash into brake dust and heat, so use
         | it as little as possible.
         | 
         | Stop accelerating so much in stop-and-go traffic. Drop the "You
         | have to tailgate or else people get in front of you" nonsense
         | attitude. Release the gas sooner when approaching a red light.
         | And for fuck's sake, stop hitting the brakes when you're only
         | trying to shave off a couple mph, especially when going up
         | hill.
         | 
         | I've gotten better-than-EPA mileage on every car I've owned,
         | and I don't even drive slow. Always at or slightly above the
         | speed limit. Economy is all about speed management, not
         | absolute speed, until you're going 75+ mph.
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | well said
        
           | tonymet wrote:
           | brake wear is also an indicator of overall abuse on the
           | vehicle. If you drive chill, your car will last longer.
           | 
           | I broke an engine mount from heavy acceleration (and hitting
           | a huge pothole) . A lot of strain is put on the chassis from
           | gassing and braking.
        
       | klaff wrote:
       | This is cool. I have a VW EV and use the B-mode for the "gas"
       | pedal. It it not full one-pedal driving but IIUC exclusively uses
       | regen. You can't decelerate rapidly, but most driving can be
       | accomplished without touching the brake pedal except when down to
       | a walking pace, where thanks to that square law relationship of
       | speed to kinetic energy there's hardly any energy left to recover
       | anyhow.
       | 
       | After a bit you learn how much you can slow down with it and (for
       | me at least) it becomes a bit of a game to see if you can avoid
       | using the mechanical brakes by choosing early enough to lift your
       | foot.
       | 
       | As a result, the mechanical brakes get squeezed on every trip,
       | but nearly all uses are during low speed maneuvering. If a light
       | changes at the last moment or someone pulls out in front of me I
       | will then have to make a substantial use of the mechanical brakes
       | but that doesn't happen on every trip.
       | 
       | I never have to ride the brakes down a long hill, and it was
       | really satisfying the one time I went down a hill long enough to
       | see the battery state of charge increase by a percent or two.
        
       | atoav wrote:
       | I dream of a future where societes manage to price in all
       | externalities into the objects they produce. This of course
       | requires us to be(come) more honest about the hidden costs to
       | society each and every objects and its usage brings with itself.
       | 
       | What we do with that knowledge is another question, but right now
       | my feeling is a lot of bad actors skew the picture to make
       | themselves look good while regular people are left to breath the
       | dust.
        
         | tim333 wrote:
         | Tricky to do accurately though. Like a car driven occasionally
         | in the countryside may cause little damage from brake dust, a
         | cab in a city center a lot.
        
       | dotancohen wrote:
       | > The health effect is especially critical for urban
       | disadvantaged groups, where exposure to partical matter has been
       | shown to be related to increased asthma rates, cardiovascular
       | disease, and other respiratory conditions.
       | 
       | Why would the health effect be more critical for disadvantaged
       | groups than for other urban groups?
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | perhaps the disadvantage is that, over time, living nearest to
         | traffic _is_ the disadvantage, as it means living most
         | immediately near pollution concentration.
        
         | polairscience wrote:
         | Sincere reply assuming sincere question, the implication is
         | that they are statistically much more likely to live near
         | interstates and highways. Since historically land owned by poor
         | 'disadvantaged groups' has been easier for state and federal
         | governments to get their hands on.
         | 
         | The sentence, while poorly written, isn't saying that "health
         | impacts don't matter for 'non-disadvantaged people'". A reading
         | that is disingenuous.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | I see. In the areas familiar to the authors, disadvantaged
           | groups typically live closer to the source of the pollution.
           | 
           | Makes sense now. Thanks.
        
         | jdsleppy wrote:
         | Also disadvantaged groups might consume less healthcare and
         | might be less aware of air quality, etc. and so may be more
         | likely to have bad health outcomes for given environmental
         | inputs.
        
       | spaceguillotine wrote:
       | 87k miles on my Leaf and it still has lots of brake pad left on
       | the original pads.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | I really wish Biden had not banned cheap EVs
       | 
       | I think it would have radically improved air-quality around roads
       | and highways
       | 
       | Every runner and cyclist would have greatly appreciated it
        
       | namlem wrote:
       | Less brake dust but more tire dust for cars of similar size due
       | to the greater weight.
        
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