[HN Gopher] Neil Armstrong's customs form for moon rocks (2016)
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       Neil Armstrong's customs form for moon rocks (2016)
        
       Author : ajuhasz
       Score  : 226 points
       Date   : 2025-07-23 15:37 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (magazine.uc.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (magazine.uc.edu)
        
       | jleyank wrote:
       | I think at least one astronaut needed to file a request for tax
       | deadline extension due to being "out of the country" at filing
       | time. Didn't have an entry in the system for "off the planet" I
       | guess...
        
         | elijaht wrote:
         | Ha, that was actually Apollo 13:
         | https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/john-swigert-jr
        
           | whycome wrote:
           | If they said they were away on the moon that would be a lie.
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | I mean, _technically ..._
        
       | ceejayoz wrote:
       | > Who would have guessed the regulations would have been enforced
       | so rigorously in 1969 when three men returned to the U.S. from a
       | rather long business trip - to the moon and back.
       | 
       | I mean, I'd imagine it was mostly done for the joke aspect.
       | 
       | edit: https://www.space.com/7044-moon-apollo-astronauts-
       | customs.ht...
       | 
       | > "Yes, it's authentic," NASA spokesperson John Yembrick told
       | Space.com. "It was a little joke at the time."
        
         | more_corn wrote:
         | No. This is one example of many. NASA astronauts have to fill
         | out government business travel paperwork for travel to the ISS.
         | The rules must be followed even if the rules don't make sense.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | The article covers that.
           | 
           | > Space station crews launching on Russian Soyuz spacecraft
           | have to make their way to the Central Asian spaceport of the
           | Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. No matter what the
           | mission, even astronauts have to go through customs, NASA
           | officials said. As part of their routine airline flights to
           | other countries and back, they of course encounter airport
           | customs.
           | 
           | It's not to/from the ISS that's the issue there.
           | 
           | A US-only crew on a US-launched spacecraft that lands in US
           | territory won't need to do it. (ISS may add a few
           | complexities, but if you stay on, say, the Shuttle, you're
           | not leaving US-controlled territory.)
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | For travel to Kazakhstan it makes sense to show a passport
             | of some kind as they want to know why someone is entering
             | the country. Traveling to Baikonur of course being a
             | legitimate reason to enter the country. There's one aspect
             | of this I don't understand entirely. What if the astronaut
             | travels to the ISS from Baikonur, then used some of form
             | return vehicle that lands in US territory? How would we
             | handle that?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Probably a bit like this.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_Free_Library_and_Op
               | era...
               | 
               | > Until 2025, patrons from Canada were permitted to enter
               | the United States door without needing to report to
               | customs by using a prescribed route through the sidewalk
               | of rue Church (Church Street), provided that they return
               | to Canada immediately upon leaving the building using the
               | same route.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | it says "most Canadians from entering via the main
               | entrance in March 2025, except for Canadian patrons with
               | a library card" - this is probably the only documented
               | case of a library card being valid for international
               | travel
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | Remember when you could travel between USA and Canada
               | with nothing more than a nod? Such a sad state of affairs
               | we've found ourselves in nowadays.
        
               | ahazred8ta wrote:
               | On a couple of occasions, cosmonauts came back from the
               | ISS on the shuttle. A US immigration clerk came to stamp
               | their passport.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | That'd be really awkward if they were denied a visa and
               | had to go back the way they came.
        
               | gaius_baltar wrote:
               | Would CBP pay the travel costs? :)
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | If the rules don't make sense for a situation why do they
           | apply? Why isn't there a carve out?
           | 
           | It's easy to screech about potentially unforeseeable future
           | cases and precedents but it's not like this stuff is free.
           | 
           | The cost of this attitude applied at scale is mind boggling.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | There are carve-outs. They're just pretty general so human
             | judgement can be applied to the odd edge cases - "at the
             | discretion of the Secretary of State" sort of things.
             | 
             | Random example:
             | https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/31/101.8
        
         | potato3732842 wrote:
         | It's easier to just have them fill out the form than get a
         | common sense exception.
        
         | zhobbs wrote:
         | Yeah, I think we're over analyzing it in this thread. Seems
         | pretty light hearted and fun.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | These things were mainly publicity stunts. The supposed biohazard
       | quarantine for returning Apollo astronauts was a theater
       | performance, too.
       | 
       | https://www.livescience.com/space/the-moon/the-apollo-moon-l... (
       | _" The Apollo moon landing was real, but NASA's quarantine
       | procedure was not"_)
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/09/science/nasa-moon-quarant... (
       | _" A review of archives suggests that efforts to protect Earth
       | from contamination by any organism brought back from the lunar
       | surface were mostly for show"_)
        
         | skeezyboy wrote:
         | allowing the "to be determined" answer sat at odds with the
         | implied dilligency of the customs agency
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | Unlikely, it was a stunt.
        
         | montjoy wrote:
         | This. Also, maybe setting legal precedent?
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | No. They're saying it was a stunt. Not setting legal
           | precedent. There was no practical value.
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | The practical value is reinforcing among the general public
             | the idea that humans should not be able to move freely
             | around their own planet. In the future only money will have
             | that right. The modern passport didn't even exist until
             | World War I: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521634938 /
             | https://archive.org/details/pdfy-S0NQwPjPkMlzZ2eS/mode/2up
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Purple prose tripe re: some personal hobbyhorse
               | masquerading as relevant commentary. Their obvious plan
               | to subjugate hasn't come to fruition 50 years later, so
               | its time to adjust your priors.
        
               | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
               | "modern passport not existing in past" [?] "free human
               | movement"
               | 
               | borders have largely had guards, who had no obligation to
               | let people through, or even to treat them fairly and not
               | rob them. frontiers had bandits who existed solely to
               | prey on travelers.
               | 
               | even if you could move to a different settlement, you did
               | not have the same legal rights as citizens of that city.
               | 
               | the "modern passport" has done more for free human
               | movement than anything that came before.
        
               | csomar wrote:
               | Cities had guards. There was no border pre-1900 because
               | there was no tech to enforce it. If you moved from one
               | place to another, you were mostly at the whims of thieves
               | and pirates.
        
               | Alupis wrote:
               | Pre-1900? Are you aware of how many wars were fought
               | around the world just in the 1800's regarding border and
               | territory disputes?
        
               | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
               | Insanely misinformed.
               | 
               | What kind of tech do you imagine is needed? Have you
               | heard of Hadrian's Wall? The Great Wall of China?
               | 
               | Or more generally: forts, outposts, coastal batteries,
               | scouts, patrols?
        
               | joecool1029 wrote:
               | Do you think they will be shocked to find out color
               | wasn't invented in the 1900's?
        
               | bigfishrunning wrote:
               | It has always existed in the merry old land of Oz.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | _> What kind of tech do you imagine is needed?_
               | 
               | Agriculture, at very least. Before we created that tech
               | you'd be way too busy trying to find something to eat to
               | have time to stand around defending artificial borders.
               | 1900 BCE mightn't be perfectly accurate, but close enough
               | for a stupid comment on the internet.
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | > 1900 BCE
               | 
               | Nothing in the comment that we are talking about
               | indicates that "pre-1900" is referring to 1900 BCE. It
               | sounds squarely like it's referring to 1900 AD to me.
               | Which is why people are saying it's ridiculous.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | _> It sounds squarely like it 's referring to 1900 AD to
               | me._
               | 
               | What part of _" If you moved from one place to another,
               | you were mostly at the whims of thieves and pirates."_
               | suggests 1900 CE to you? Have you never looked at a
               | history book?
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | There was plenty of pirates around still in the 1800s AD.
               | Aka "pre-1900" AD.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | There are still plenty of pirates around to this very
               | day; a "significant issue" according to your own link.
               | Despite that, the aforementioned statement doesn't make
               | me think it has anything to do with today. What,
               | specifically, makes you think it has something to do with
               | the time leading up to 1900 CE rather than 1900 BCE?
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | > What, specifically, makes you think it has something to
               | do with the time leading up to 1900 CE rather than 1900
               | BCE
               | 
               | Normally when someone says "1900" they are referring to
               | 1900 AD. Unless BCE had already been mentioned, which
               | here it had not. And if they were referring to 1900 BCE
               | they normally would specifically say 1900 BCE. That's
               | why.
               | 
               | And furthermore, the parent comment above the one talking
               | about "pre-1900" was talking about modern passports. Why
               | would anyone immediately jump from modern passports to
               | 1900 BCE? That don't make no sense at all. Jumping to
               | 1900 AD however, that does make sense. You see?
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | Absent of any other context one might reasonably assume
               | "1990" Refers to 1900 CE. But we have additional context,
               | such as:
               | 
               | "Cities had guards.", "you were mostly at the whims of
               | thieves and pirates."
               | 
               | What in that speaks to 1900 CE over 1900 BCE? There is
               | evidence of pirates in both time periods, so that feature
               | alone isn't telling. But the context doesn't end with
               | that feature in a vacuum, does it?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >These things were mainly publicity stunts. The supposed
         | biohazard quarantine for returning Apollo astronauts was a
         | theater performance, too.
         | 
         | Wow. What else about Apollo was theater performance?
        
           | pinkmuffinere wrote:
           | It feels as if this question is intended to make a strong
           | implication, but I'm not sure what the implication is -- Can
           | you clarify? I almost think you are suggesting the moon
           | landing was fake, but that's very stereotypical, so I don't
           | want to assume.
        
             | schneems wrote:
             | Not OP but: The very essence of the program was publicity.
             | As soon as the public lost interest (mission
             | accomplished!), the program was canceled. We built Saturn V
             | rockets that we never launched.
             | 
             | That being said, I know a lot of things were unknown. We
             | didn't know if the surface of the moon would interact with
             | the atmosphere inside the capsules to combust. Some of
             | these unknowns were downplayed. Some others were played up
             | for dramatic effect.
             | 
             | The whole process of getting a person to the moon took
             | hundreds of thousands of involved workers and the.
             | coordinated effort of a country's politicians and populace
             | to fund it. I think it's unfair to boil it down to "just
             | publicity" but it is a big part in keeping it afloat.
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | The entire thing was theater. It was to show off American
           | technical superiority (the US having already lost the space
           | race in terms of first sub-orbital flight, first satellite,
           | first animal in orbit, first man in orbit, first spacecraft
           | to the moon, first woman in space, first spacewalk etc)
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | The expense report for mileage was another one. Kind of cute
           | and an interesting insight into the time period but it wasn't
           | really needed.
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | What aspect of the review suggested that it was mostly for
         | show?
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | Considering the source, the source is probably the only thing
           | that "suggested" it, as they are known to do.
        
             | cynicalkane wrote:
             | Are you claiming the New York Times is more likely than a
             | comparable newspaper to fabricate random suggestions about
             | astronauts? This is something they are "known to do"?
             | 
             | If you actually read the article, they include a direct
             | link to the sources they cite and explain specifically what
             | those sources say.
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | Okay I didn't have access to paywalled article before.
               | 
               | The NYT article is about one specific study that's a
               | review of archival material. It doesn't actually seem to
               | suggest that it was a "publicity stunt" or "theater" as
               | OP suggested. Rather, it says that NASA believed that the
               | threat was very real. The threat was real enough to hold
               | a "high level conference" (held by National Academy of
               | Sciences). The outcome there was also that "the risk was
               | real and the consequences could be profound".
               | 
               | So, the major spending on the quarantine system wasn't
               | out of nowhere.
               | 
               | The study conclusion seems to be more that it would be
               | nearly impossible to contain the threat if it existed.
               | But, that wouldn't mean that the precautions taken were
               | only for show -- just that it would be really fucking
               | hard to stop. And with the hypothetical microbe, they
               | couldn't know anything about means of transmission or
               | lifespan -- so the precautions could have some value.
               | 
               | Even in the failure of their quarantine procedure, it
               | still demonstrated that they thought it was (in
               | principle) important:
               | 
               | "24 workers were exposed to the lunar material that the
               | facility's infrastructure was supposed to protect them
               | from; they had to be quarantined"
               | 
               | It wasn't security theater so much as it was just
               | quarantine procedure that had many gaps, failures, and
               | trade offs.
        
         | shayway wrote:
         | The source paper for both articles is paywalled, so maybe it
         | has a better argument than the articles. But to call it theater
         | or a publicity stunt is to imply it didn't have a point beyond
         | public relations, which isn't the case.
         | 
         | Microbes can't be completely contained - easily, anyway - and
         | we knew that perfectly well back then. But we also knew to
         | minimize contact with potentially infected people. Put it this
         | way: if there were lunar germs that the astronauts took back
         | with them, would it have been better to skip the containment
         | procedures, as inadequate as they may have been? Of course not.
         | 
         | NASA played up their ability to contain extraterrestrial
         | microbes for sure. But the containment procedure itself was the
         | best that could be done. If 'absolute isolation' is the bar to
         | which containment is held, by that logic everything short of
         | just not visiting other celestial bodies is theater.
        
         | cgriswald wrote:
         | The actual claims of the paper are not that this was 'for
         | show', but that NASA considered the risks unlikely and
         | prioritized the more likely risks to the astronauts lives. I
         | see how the authors got to 'so it was all for show', but it
         | simply isn't true.
         | 
         | There is plenty of evidence that the risk was taken seriously
         | (regulations and treaties surrounding the issue, ICBC
         | activities in the years prior to launch, the expense on things
         | the public would never have known about, medical and biological
         | testing done for the first three missions, NASA's openness with
         | the ICBC about the imperfection of the system and the existence
         | of contingency plans...).
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | On one of the Apollo documentaries (I can't remember which
           | one), the astronauts joked that it was the least effective
           | quarantine ever; they talked about how there was a stream of
           | ants going in and out of the Airstream they were in.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | A stream of ants would not necessarily render a quarintine
             | ineffective.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | If you're protecting against the possibility of an
               | unknown hypothetical pathogen that can survive on the
               | moon, but which you have no specific reason to think
               | favours or disfavours any randomly selected Earth life,
               | you want something that can at the very least stop ants.
        
               | jeremyjh wrote:
               | That's right, it made it completely a joke.
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | They quarantined in an Airstream van? That's hilarious.
             | Very 1960s
             | 
             | Found the wiki
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_quarantine_facility
        
           | joezydeco wrote:
           | Seems incongruous to take your national heroes and make them
           | sit in a hot trailer for a few days "for show" instead of
           | whisking them home for their debrief and ticker-tape parades.
           | 
           | Unless it was not for the benefit of the astronauts, but the
           | skeptical public back home? Hmm.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | A quarantine is never for the sake of those you quarantine,
             | it's for the sake of the public, by definition.
        
             | scottyah wrote:
             | I assume the "hot trailer" was better than the small
             | capsule in space, which was also just "for show".
        
         | gmueckl wrote:
         | I see that customs declaration in the context of the Outer
         | Space Treaty from 1967. It stipulates that outer space cannot
         | be appropriated by by any nation. My hypothesis here is that
         | the political message underneath this customs form stunt is an
         | acknowledgement that the crew has left the United States and
         | returned. However, I have nothing that supports this claim.
        
           | umanwizard wrote:
           | Do US Navy sailors in international waters have to go through
           | customs on returning to port in the US? I don't know the
           | answer, but that's probably the closest analogy.
        
             | csours wrote:
             | Following this line of thought - this is may be the exact
             | analogy that NASA wanted to counteract.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Why? What's the difference between a US spacecraft in
               | international space and a US watercraft in international
               | waters?
        
               | csours wrote:
               | NASA wants space to feel non-militarized.
               | 
               | US Service Personnel don't follow the civilian process
               | for Customs, so making astronauts actually follow the
               | civilian process reinforces the non-militarized feeling
               | for space.
        
               | quartz wrote:
               | Since the astronauts were up there planting flags... I'd
               | think it's less about the vessel in space and more about
               | making it clear that the land visited isn't considered
               | claimed as part of the US.
        
               | nrb wrote:
               | If the distinction is that the US watercraft are military
               | and as such are not subject to customs, then making it
               | clear that returning astronauts are not on a military
               | mission sends a diplomatic signal.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | I don't think so, but you do need to fill out a customs
             | form to ship a package to someone on a US Navy ship.
        
               | RandomBacon wrote:
               | If you're shipping the package from the U.S., that is
               | incorrect.
               | 
               | I ordered Amazon packages addressed to me on U.S. Navy
               | ships.
               | 
               | Ships have FPO addresses which are treated and formatted
               | like a domestic ship.
        
             | agagagag wrote:
             | Of course not, if we did they'd find my dog I bought in
             | Vietnam
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | I don't think so because the ship is technically US soil
             | afaik.
        
             | ofalkaed wrote:
             | No, not even civilians need to do that. Ultimately the only
             | time you have to is when there is documentation of your
             | being in the a foreign country and if there is no
             | documentation you probably don't want to draw attention to
             | yourself. This is why so many people where able to go to
             | and from Cuba when it was technically illegal, US and Cuba
             | agreed to not document/stamp the passports of private
             | citizens.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | It is still technically illegal to go to Cuba without a
               | specific whitelisted reason (and tourism isn't on the
               | list). It's just not strictly enforced.
        
               | ofalkaed wrote:
               | So it is not illegal? you just need to go through the
               | proper bureaucracy as you do with every countries. Last I
               | looked into it a few years back it was easy to get the
               | paper work, one person I found who went there just signed
               | up for guitar lessons in Havana to study Cuban guitar,
               | showed the paperwork for the guitar classes and was good
               | to go because it was for educational reasons even if the
               | guitar lessons only accounted for a tiny portion of their
               | time there. The white listed reasons are fairly broad and
               | easy to work within, sure you can't just hop on a plane
               | for a weekend visit but that is true of many countries
               | that no one would say it is illegal to go to.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | The point is nothing has changed about the legality. It
               | has always been allowed to go for one of these
               | whitelisted reasons, you just had to apply in advance.
               | 
               | Now it is still legal to go for exactly the same set of
               | reasons, they just don't bother actually checking.
               | There's no "paperwork" you need to get; you just tell the
               | check-in agent which legal reason you fall under.
        
             | jki275 wrote:
             | If we make port calls anywhere outside the US we definitely
             | go through customs on return.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | I met an AF cargo loadmaster once who told me that they can
             | smuggle anything back to the US that they can fit in the
             | plane. He was importing E-bikes from Japan.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | It's funny. You want to blame NASA for the ridiculous publicity
         | stunts, but they were totally right that a loss of public
         | interest was one of the biggest risks to the program. Neil
         | Armstrong stood on the moon in 1969, but by 1971, Nixon had
         | cancelled Apollo.
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | Because it was done. The goal was to win the race against the
           | Soviets. The future mission plans were mostly budget padding
           | to ensure that was accomplished.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | I can imagine a bunch of short-sleeve wearing dudes, sitting
         | around and shooting the shit to come up with absurd formalities
         | for theatre. It would have been fun.
        
         | GCA10 wrote:
         | My father was one of the scientific Principal Investigators
         | (PIs) who analyzed the Apollo 11 lunar samples, back in 1969.
         | Flipping through some of his notes from back then, it sounds as
         | if a rotating assortment of bureaucrats injected themselves
         | into the chain-of-custody with weird and embarrassing effects.
         | To wit:
         | 
         | Some Agriculture Department folks decided that their legal
         | authority to quarantine soil samples brought into the U.S.
         | applied to lunar soils, too. They insisted on building a three-
         | week quarantine facility with slivers of lunar samples, exposed
         | to "germ-free mice born by cesarean section." Only after the
         | mice survived this ordeal was it safe to release the fuller
         | batch of samples.
         | 
         | Another character insisted that the aluminum rock boxes be
         | sealed, while on the moon, with gaskets of indium (soft, rare
         | metal) which would deform to create a very tight seal. The
         | geochemists on earth protested, in vain, that this procedure
         | would ruin their hopes of doing any indium analysis of the
         | samples themselves, shutting down an interesting line of
         | research. No luck in changing the protocol. Turns out that the
         | indium seals didn't work, and the rock boxes reached the earth-
         | based quarantine facilities with normal air pressure anyway.
         | 
         | There's more silliness about trying to keep the lunar samples
         | in a hard vacuum while designing rigidly mounted gloves that
         | could be used to manipulate/slice/divide the samples without
         | breaking the vacuum. Maybe we know today how to sustain
         | flexible gloves in such an environment. We didn't, back then.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | > They insisted on building a three-week quarantine facility
           | with slivers of lunar samples
           | 
           | There was a ton of money flowing in for space and it was the
           | big new thing of the future. Makes sense other agencies would
           | try to insert themselves and try to seem relevant to the new
           | popular thing in the news and latch themselves onto any
           | future spending/authority.
        
       | DataDaemon wrote:
       | I wonder if they checked their social profiles?
        
         | ahmeneeroe-v2 wrote:
         | Yes 100% these astronauts were extensively vetted to ensure
         | compatibility with the ruling power of their day.
        
       | smnrchrds wrote:
       | Semi-related:
       | 
       |  _" Passports please! British paratroopers met by French customs
       | after D-Day airdrop
       | 
       | British paratroopers recreating an airdrop behind German defences
       | to mark the 80th anniversary of D-Day were met by French customs
       | officials at a makeshift border checkpost.
       | 
       | Moments after the paratroopers had hit the ground and gathered up
       | their chutes, they formed an orderly queue and handed over their
       | passports for inspection by waiting French customs officials in a
       | Normandy field."_
       | 
       | https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/passports-please-britis...
       | 
       | Video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7ZY4rlAQus
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | Reminds me a bit of when the UK accidentally invaded Spain on a
         | training exercise.
         | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-invade-spa...
         | 
         | > Lord West said: "It wasn't one of the best days in my time. I
         | had a phone call from the military commander saying, 'Sir, I'm
         | afraid something awful's happened.' I thought, 'Goodness me,
         | what?' And he said, 'I'm afraid we've invaded Spain, but we
         | don't think they've noticed.'
         | 
         | > "They charged up the beach in the normal way, being Royal
         | Marines--they're frightfully good soldiers of course, and jolly
         | good at this sort of thing--and confronted a Spanish fisherman
         | who sort of pointed out, 'I think you're on the wrong beach.'
        
           | medstrom wrote:
           | "First Sea Lord" is such a great rank.
        
             | pyuser583 wrote:
             | One of my favorite.
        
           | skeezyboy wrote:
           | the british armed forces are atrocious. i simply cannot
           | fathom how britain controlled so much of the planet at one
           | point
        
             | bigyabai wrote:
             | > i simply cannot fathom how britain controlled so much of
             | the planet at one point
             | 
             | Boats, optionally guns.
             | 
             | When you reflect on how easily America became an
             | imperialist crybaby, it can't have been hard for Britain
             | either.
        
             | lenkite wrote:
             | Because they had a good officer corps producing some
             | ridiculous military geniuses in their age of empire. As an
             | example, the Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley) was a
             | monster who was unstoppable in the military conquest of
             | India. Many other British commanders failed battling Indian
             | states, but he seemed to win just about every battle, at
             | times being both outnumbered and outarmed.
             | 
             | I would go on to say that it wasn't for that man, it is
             | likely the British conquest of India would have been
             | confined to only a limited territory. Indian states were
             | modernizing and militarizing rapidly (relatively for that
             | era), so any delays in conquest would have made India a
             | hard nut to crack.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | This was 2002. They are friendly countries, seems like
             | everyone responded appropriately.
        
           | umanwizard wrote:
           | Swiss soldiers have accidentally crossed into Liechtenstein a
           | few times. Similarly, nobody made a fuss.
        
           | ahi wrote:
           | "Juan Carlos Juarez, the town's mayor, said at the time:
           | "They landed on our coast to confront a supposed enemy with
           | typical commando tactics. But we managed to hold them on the
           | beach.""
           | 
           | I would not have been able to get this out without giggling.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | These French customs officials seemed more on the ball than the
         | one I encountered. (Checked my passport, but didn't stamp it,
         | causing problems for me upon landing for my next leg in
         | Helsinki.)
        
           | metabagel wrote:
           | I don't think there is any requirement to stamp passports.
           | Some people specifically ask for a stamp, because they want
           | the memento.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | In the Schengen area, if you are a non-EU person, until
             | recently you needed to ensure you are stamped in and out
             | otherwise you'll run into issues with them thinking you may
             | have overstayed.
             | 
             | After UK went all freedumb and left the EU this caused a
             | lot of issues, I have a UK colleague that visited his
             | wife's family in Poland over a Christmas, didn't get a
             | stamp on the way back, then ran into problems a few months
             | later as they argued he had been in Europe for months.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | The stamp is acknowledgement of your tourist visa. Maybe EU
             | citizens don't need one, but as an American entering France
             | I certainly did. If I didn't, I sure wish the visibly armed
             | Finnish lady who led me back near one of those beat-you-up
             | interrogation rooms had known, it could've saved us both
             | some hassle and me a major scare.
        
         | peeters wrote:
         | > Passports please! British paratroopers met by French customs
         | after D-Day airdrop
         | 
         | Err, D-Day _anniversary_ airdrop. That headline has only one
         | correct literal interpretation, and it 's wrong (not ambiguous,
         | wrong).
        
           | glimshe wrote:
           | I'm not a betting man, but I were, I'd bet on most readers
           | having understood it correctly. I suspect it was meant to be
           | click bait, though.
        
             | simonklitj wrote:
             | Made me do a double take for sure.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | The headline definitely didn't make any sense to me (I was
             | thinking maybe an Onion article?) before reading the rest.
        
           | arrowsmith wrote:
           | I don't know about the US, but in the UK you can definitely
           | say "D-Day" to mean "an anniversary of the original D-Day",
           | not strictly 6/6/1944. It's not wrong.
           | 
           | Just like you can say "Independence Day" to mean July 4th of
           | any year, not only the specific historical date on which the
           | US declared independence.
        
             | nemomarx wrote:
             | This would make sense if there's often D Day ceremonies. In
             | the us I think that's all moved to memorial Day, so D-Day
             | pings only as the original event here
        
         | wat10000 wrote:
         | Strange article. Of course you have to go through passport
         | control when you cross an international border.
        
       | magicalhippo wrote:
       | Reminded me of when I got to see one of the customs declaration
       | for an off-shore oil platform built here in Norway.
       | 
       | It was a single-item declaration: one oil plaform.
       | 
       | However, the elecronic customs message format didn't have enough
       | digits to fit the item value, over a billion NOK IIRC.
       | 
       | After some calls with customs, they had to send it with a
       | fictitious item value and add the true value in a free-text
       | field.
       | 
       | This worked fine since there were no duties or taxes on exporting
       | oil platforms, so no cross-checks that would fail.
        
         | 9dev wrote:
         | LOL. I'm on the receiving end of these customs declarations,
         | and stories like this are the reason the copies are so
         | notoriously hard to parse programmatically... lovely, thanks
         | for sharing.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | What's the "escape value" that triggers people to read the
           | free text field? Or is it just zero?
           | 
           | And if zero, how often do they just get mistakenly processed
           | as zero value?
        
             | bdamm wrote:
             | Whatever it is is likely to be part of the endless arms
             | race between customs agencies and smugglers, so I doubt
             | you'll get the privilege of finding out.
        
             | 9dev wrote:
             | Zero; or an arbitrary number; or a number that was destined
             | for another field, but the commanding officer misread and
             | filled the form wrong; or null; or as many digits as fit in
             | the field. Any of these.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | In a case like this, they usually call ahead to let customs
             | know, and follow up with the declaration ID once it has
             | been sent.
             | 
             | Apart from that, customs is very tight lipped about what
             | triggers manual processing of a declararion.
             | 
             | Though for example a large discrepancy between weight and
             | value typically would lead to it getting flagged for manual
             | processing, as I understand it.
        
         | lucianbr wrote:
         | Couldn't they split it into "Oil platform part 1" "part 2" and
         | so on? Or "Oil platform metal parts" and such. Kinda seems like
         | one object being too large in some measure for a single message
         | is a predictable edge case.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | I'd be worried about that raising money laundering flags,
           | like someone splitting transactions into a bunch of $9,999
           | chunks.
        
             | lucianbr wrote:
             | Since they were talking it over with customs, they would
             | clear any flags as "we agreed on this solution because the
             | item cost was too large to fit the message format".
             | 
             | It's not like Google, where there's automatic inhuman
             | consequences. And even Google can make exceptions if they
             | want to, just they usually don't care.
        
           | lsllc wrote:
           | I think Customs is on to that -- that was how Saddam Hussein
           | got the precision parts of his "supergun" out of Europe into
           | Iraq, the parts were all labeled as oil industry related.
        
           | Lovesong wrote:
           | They can, the problem is that if you declare this as
           | different parts then you will have to pay taxes accordingly
           | to the chosen HSCode for each one in the declaration.
           | 
           | If you search for the HSCODE you will find that offshore oil
           | and natural gas drilling and production platforms have their
           | own, 8431434000, which means if you declare only this one you
           | will pay no taxes.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | In my experience they're also a bit particular about
             | declaring things as they are on the border.
             | 
             | An oil platform getting towed into place is _one_ piece,
             | not an IKEA kit or similar.
             | 
             | That said, could very well be the local customs officer was
             | just totally unprepared and this was the solution they came
             | up with on the spot. I've seen other cases where different
             | companies have gotten directly contradictory instructions
             | from different customs offices on the exact same scenario.
        
               | Lovesong wrote:
               | Yes, the final say is always on the particular custom
               | where the goods will get the clearance, so they will call
               | the shots on the way the procedure should be done.
               | 
               | The IT system in place is just there to accommodate how
               | customs should proceed, so if they have different ways to
               | solve the problem, the customs officer will just find the
               | one he's more used to.
               | 
               | But you're right that if there's a HSCode for something
               | _built_ , furniture vs wood for example, then the more
               | "accurate" should be used, as they will have different
               | tariffs too.
        
       | yardie wrote:
       | I did a 1100m passage from Puerto Rico to Miami. Anchored in the
       | Bahamas bank but didn't step on land. And when we arrived in the
       | US we weren't required to clear in since our last port of
       | departure was PR. Pretty sure they were tracking us by drone,
       | blimp, AIS, and radar the entire way because they weren't
       | suspicious enough compared to my previous experiences.
       | 
       | Curious why Apollo 11 would have to clear customs since the moon
       | isn't a foreign country and they just did a there and back.
        
         | tempodox wrote:
         | They could have smuggled moonshine.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Due to international treaty the moon is considered
         | international land, like Antarctica.
        
           | lucianbr wrote:
           | You think some other country would have objected to the US
           | not requesting cusoms declarations from their own citizens,
           | reasoning it breaks the treaty obligations?
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | I think it was more about the US insisting the rules get
             | followed no matter what. Sort of like how astronauts today
             | going to ISS have to fill out international travel forms,
             | even when they leave from the USA.
        
         | ethan_smith wrote:
         | Under the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the moon is considered
         | international territory ("province of all mankind"), so
         | technically they were returning from outside US jurisdiction,
         | triggering customs requirements.
        
           | soneil wrote:
           | That's the whole point of the parent comment - you don't
           | trigger customs requirements by leaving and re-entering the
           | country. You trigger them by entering from another country.
           | 
           | for example - you don't need a passport to travel from the US
           | mainland to Hawaii. It doesn't matter that the aircraft cross
           | international waters, it matters what country you were in
           | last.
        
             | mytailorisrich wrote:
             | You are entering from "another country" if you are coming
             | from the Moon.
             | 
             | For this purpose "country" has to be interpret as stepping
             | on any land outside of the US.
        
               | 9rx wrote:
               | _> For this purpose  "country" has to be interpret as
               | stepping on any land outside of the US._
               | 
               | "Land" is legally (and generally) defined as pertaining
               | to planet earth. In this case the crew did not step on
               | any land outside of the US. The moon does not have land.
        
               | vntok wrote:
               | > "Land" is legally defined as pertaining to planet
               | earth.
               | 
               | Interesting. Where have you read this? Intuitively, it
               | seems very weird for a lawmaker to specify the planet the
               | law would apply to.
        
             | bdamm wrote:
             | This is all kind of too reductionist.
             | 
             | The US DHS agents in the US make a choice not to fuss over
             | the airplanes or even cruise ships sailing from US ports to
             | Hawaii and back. They could, but they don't. They probably
             | validate the ship or plane's location via transponder, but
             | it wouldn't even surprise me if they don't do that for
             | regular commercial transport.
             | 
             | This kind of local and specific policy is great and it is
             | enacted in lots of places within US jurisdiction.
        
           | umanwizard wrote:
           | The trip as described passed through foreign territorial
           | waters and probably also international waters.
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | > Pretty sure they were tracking us by drone, blimp, AIS, and
         | radar the entire way because they weren't suspicious enough
         | compared to my previous experiences.
         | 
         | Probably none of that. The border check is a bureaucratic
         | operation. Modern day border checks are 0% contraband, 1%
         | terrorism and 99% just messing with the public.
        
       | ortusdux wrote:
       | Makes me think of the Apollo insurance covers:
       | 
       | "The Apollo insurance covers are autographed postal covers signed
       | by the astronaut crews prior to their mission. The primary
       | motivation behind this action was the refusal of life insurance
       | companies to provide coverage for the astronauts. Consequently,
       | the astronauts devised a strategy involving the signing of
       | hundreds of postal covers. These were to be left behind for their
       | families, who could then sell them in the event of the
       | astronauts' deaths.[1] The insurance covers began with Apollo 11
       | and ended with Apollo 16."
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_insurance_covers
        
         | I-M-S wrote:
         | A country that sends men to the Moon but isn't able to
         | guarantee the wellbeing of their families shouldn't be able to
         | send men to the Moon.
        
           | thescriptkiddie wrote:
           | an interesting implication of this is that the government
           | probably didn't want to issue them life insurance because
           | then they would have to explain why they don't do that for
           | all military personnel
        
             | jki275 wrote:
             | The US government does issue life insurance for all
             | military personnel. It's a nominal cost (20 bucks a month
             | IIRC) for something like 400k of coverage. It's been around
             | since 1914[1].
             | 
             | As far as I know all of the astronauts were military at
             | that time, so they probably would have been covered by this
             | program. There could be any number of nuances I'm not aware
             | of though.
             | 
             | [1]https://benefits.va.gov/benefits/infographics/pdfs/timel
             | ine_...
        
             | CSMastermind wrote:
             | When I was in we had life insurance. Before every
             | deployment they had lawyers come in and walk us through
             | creating a will, explaining the benefit, etc.
        
       | mathgradthrow wrote:
       | Of course they didn't. It's just funny.
        
       | nullbyte wrote:
       | "Are you bringing with you: plants, food, animals, soil, disease
       | agents, cell cultures or snails? Declare all articles that you
       | have acquired and are bringing into the United States."
       | 
       | It's interesting that they specifically mention snails
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | Plants, animals, fungi, archae....
        
       | the__alchemist wrote:
       | At least as of a few years ago, the Qataris required foreign
       | aircrew (e.g. fighter pilots) operating out of bases in their
       | country to do this after every mission! What a pain.
        
       | woodpanel wrote:
       | Well, you can't say _this_ is a problem you'll encounter with
       | Trump
        
       | hiccuphippo wrote:
       | There's a funny story about how any new territory falls under the
       | jurisdiction of the dioceses from which the expedition departed,
       | so the bishop of Orlando is the bishop of the moon.
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | My god's bigger than your god.
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | _Yes, the form really does ask if a person is bringing in
       | snails._
       | 
       | Even more curiously, it asks for animals in general, and then
       | specifically for snails. I wonder what it is about snails
       | specifically that US Customs are/were so interested in?
        
         | caseyohara wrote:
         | Biosecurity/agrosecurity. Some snails are highly invasive and
         | destructive to crops so they are banned or tightly regulated by
         | the USDA.
        
         | jlarocco wrote:
         | I'm not sure what they were looking for, specifically, but
         | snails can be bad news:
         | https://bouldercolorado.gov/services/new-zealand-mudsnails
        
       | aspir wrote:
       | The story in the editor's note is charming enough that it's worth
       | calling out:
       | 
       | >Thanks to UC alumnus Luama Mays, JD '66, for sharing a copy of
       | the declaration with UC Magazine. Mays was a pilot who befriended
       | Armstrong while the former astronaut was teaching at UC and Mays
       | was running an aviation company. Initially Armstrong called him,
       | without even identifying himself, asking for a ride on Mays old
       | "bubble-style" helicopter left over from the Korean War. It was
       | exactly what Armstrong had trained on in preparation for
       | operating the lunar module.
        
       | TZubiri wrote:
       | The US gets a lot of flak for still using forms instead of
       | modernizing, but imagine the nightmare this would be with an
       | inflexible system with dropdowns.
       | 
       | It seems so relaxing to just be able to write whatever you want
       | or draw doodles on a form and expect the operator on the other
       | side ot either grok it, coalesce it into whatever other system,
       | or handle it in whatever way they see fit.
       | 
       | Never change America
        
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