[HN Gopher] The daily life of a medieval king
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The daily life of a medieval king
        
       Author : diodorus
       Score  : 264 points
       Date   : 2025-07-17 20:54 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.medievalists.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.medievalists.net)
        
       | dontTREATonme wrote:
       | I always question how accurate these types of accounts were. Even
       | if she wrote this after his death, his successor obviously
       | wouldn't look too kindly on it being disparaging.
        
         | ralfd wrote:
         | Btw: The successor was "Charles the Mad" who is known for
         | mental illness and psychotic/schizophrenic episodes and had to
         | be placed under regency. So maybe she also wanted to give an
         | example how a sane King normally ruled.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | It reads a lot like those instagram/magazine profiles of "I get
         | up at 7am and eat healthily" (author actually gets up at 9am
         | and eats junk food on most other days).
         | 
         | Worth noting that this is a relatively immobile king. Various
         | other kings spent a lot of time on:
         | 
         | - hunting for sport
         | 
         | - military campaigns (e.g. Richard Lionheart spent more time
         | out of England than in it)
         | 
         | - assizes (mobile courts)
         | 
         | - summer residences (Versailles is a huge, late example of
         | this, but lots of monarchs around the world have had holiday
         | homes of one sort or another)
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | > e.g. Richard Lionheart spent more time out of England than
           | in it
           | 
           | To be fair, most of his prize holdings were also out of
           | England.
        
             | gherkinnn wrote:
             | > To be fair, most of his prize holdings were also out of
             | England.
             | 
             | To be fair, he wasn't really English and didn't speak the
             | language either. It wasn't until Henry IV (reign 1399 -
             | 1413) that a post-invasion King's mother tongue was
             | English. Most people don't realise that for over 300 years
             | the (language at) court was Norman French.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | If you want to talk about competent governance, look to
               | William II, the "Hammer of the Scots" villainized in
               | Braveheart. He made it law that legally binding contracts
               | must be written in plain English, so that both parties
               | would (most likely) be able to understand what they were
               | agreeing to...
               | 
               | Even though he did not speak it, himself.
        
         | rtsil wrote:
         | The article says the depiction may reflect idealization, and is
         | also a deliberate inspirational portrayal.
        
       | agys wrote:
       | Nice morning routine: at 10am a little glass of wine and stringed
       | instruments playing the sweetest possible music.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Little has changed, except it's coffee and Spotify for me. Keep
         | in mind that back then, wine / beer were an important source of
         | clean drinking water, and it would often be low alcohol.
        
           | nottorp wrote:
           | "He drank clear and simple wine, light in colour, ** well cut
           | ** ". It's right there in the original medieval article.
        
             | ygritte wrote:
             | Speaking of which, do you know what "well cut" means in
             | this context?
        
               | AquilaWing wrote:
               | It refers to diluting your wine with water
        
             | mrits wrote:
             | I never heard the term "cut" outside drugs that often
             | involved putting something stronger but less expensive in
        
               | rtsil wrote:
               | Assuming it's translated literally from French, and the
               | meaning of the French verb "couper" hasn't changed since
               | the Middle Ages, it means mixing with water, and is a
               | widely used expression in French.
        
               | coffeecantcode wrote:
               | I've always heard it generally used as a synonym with
               | dilute - generally speaking with drugs, cut often means
               | incorporating any less expensive (not easily detectable)
               | substance in with the original substance.
               | 
               | More times than not it will not be stronger, it will be
               | compounds that are not psychoactive at all, effectively
               | "cutting" the potency of the substance while multiplying
               | the quantity.
               | 
               | There are cases with fentanyl where a stronger substance
               | is mixed in with the original and this often is what you
               | read about in the news, but it is not in generally in the
               | distributors best interest to be killing their clientele.
        
           | doctor_blood wrote:
           | https://leslefts.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-great-medieval-
           | wat...
        
             | FergusArgyll wrote:
             | "One should not eat until his stomach is full. Rather, [he
             | should stop when] he has eaten to close to three quarter's
             | of full satisfaction. One should drink only a small amount
             | of water during the meal, and mix that with wine. When the
             | food begins to be digested in his intestines, he may drink
             | what is necessary. However, he should not drink much water,
             | even when the food has been digested."
             | 
             | Maimonedes Human Dispositions 4 (Trans. by Eliyahu Touger)
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Discussed once here:
             | 
             |  _The great Medieval water myth (2013)_ -
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9031856 - Feb 2015 (71
             | comments)
        
       | braza wrote:
       | > His meal was not long, for he did not favour elaborate food,
       | saying that such food bothered his stomach and disturbed his
       | memory. He drank clear and simple wine, light in colour, well
       | cut, and not much quantity nor great variety. Like David, to
       | rejoice his spirits, he listened willingly at the end of his meal
       | to stringed instruments playing the sweetest possible music.
       | 
       | For me, the most curious thing here would be to know if a person
       | in today's world in 5th percentile in wealth (i) would have (i) a
       | larger life expectancy than a king in the 15th century, (ii) more
       | food security, and (iii) more life opportunities.
       | 
       | Every time that I hear those stories from medieval times, as soon
       | as I become fascinated by their tales and so on, I imagine how
       | hard it would be to live there, even as a king.
       | 
       | Does someone know any reliable sources about that kind of
       | comparison?
        
         | dan-robertson wrote:
         | I assume someone in the 5th percentile of wealth is going to
         | have very negative wealth which is only really possible in
         | developed countries, eg an American medical student or a doctor
         | who is part-way through paying off their loans, or someone
         | suffering from massive credit card debt / car loans. (I think
         | this isn't really what you were thinking of though. I think the
         | poorest people in the world still live, in many ways like
         | medieval peasants except with much lower infant mortality and
         | somewhat net food security)
        
           | LudwigNagasena wrote:
           | The correct metric is probably something like Actual
           | Individual Consumption.
        
           | mihaic wrote:
           | > someone in the 5th percentile of wealth
           | 
           | I find the percentile measure terrible to technically mean
           | 95% of the population, but is often colloquially understood
           | the other way around. It's like German numbers, when people
           | say five and forty to mean 45. The general population rejects
           | needless complexity.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | The general population cultivate disagreement on every
             | matter it can afford to.
        
           | fmbb wrote:
           | https://www.who.int/news/item/24-07-2024-hunger-numbers-
           | stub...
           | 
           | Hunger worldwide has been getting worse for the last quarter
           | century or so.
           | 
           | 733 million people don't have food security. I think about
           | 5-10 million die every year from starvation.
           | 
           | In medieval times there were famines, but they were caused by
           | there not being enough food to go around due to disease or
           | bad harvests.
           | 
           | Today millions of people starve even if there is no bad
           | harvest or animal pandemics.
        
             | rtsil wrote:
             | And malnutrition isn't only about lack of food, it's also
             | about mediocre quality of food:
             | 
             | > Similarly, new estimates of adult obesity show a steady
             | increase over the last decade, from 12.1 percent (2012) to
             | 15.8 percent (2022). Projections indicate that by 2030, the
             | world will have more than 1.2 billion obese adults. The
             | double burden of malnutrition - the co-existence of
             | undernutrition together with overweight and obesity - has
             | also surged globally across all age groups.
             | 
             | Obesity will soon, if not already, become a major public
             | health disaster in poor countries.
        
             | HKH2 wrote:
             | Well giving people food doesn't solve hunger problems
             | because those people just breed.
             | 
             | Why doesn't Africa have more farms and infrastructure?
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Short answer: Climate (even without climate change) and
               | war.
               | 
               | Long answer: Western colonialism.
        
               | Ishxnxibz wrote:
               | > Long answer: Western colonialism.
               | 
               | How do you explain lack of farming / infrastructure prior
               | to colonialism? More or less all environments populated
               | by sub saharans struggle with infrastructure. This is
               | true before, during, and after colonialism.
        
             | gjm11 wrote:
             | > Hunger worldwide has been getting worse for the last
             | quarter century or so.
             | 
             | That doesn't appear to be true. E.g., following links from
             | the WHO page you cite gets me to https://openknowledge.fao.
             | org/server/api/core/bitstreams/39d... ...
             | 
             | where Figure 1 shows hunger consistently _decreasing_ from
             | the start of the graph in 2005 to somewhere around 2014, at
             | which point it plateaus for a while and then starts
             | increasing somewhere around 2019-2020.
             | 
             | My recollection is that by 2005 where that graph begins,
             | hunger had been consistently decreasing for quite some
             | time, but a bit of googling hasn't found anything that
             | quite answers that question. I did find
             | https://www.jstor.org/stable/40572886 (looking at data from
             | 1930 to 1990) whose publicly-accessible abstract says that
             | "the proportion undernourished has been in decline since
             | the 1960s and that the absolute number has also declined in
             | recent years".
             | 
             | So I _think_ the truth is not  "hunger has been getting
             | worse for the last quarter century or so" but something
             | more like "10 years ago, hunger had been improving for
             | about half a century; the improvement stalled for about 5
             | years and over about the last five years it has been
             | getting worse".
             | 
             | (Which is still bad news, as far as the present state of
             | things is concerned, but a rather different sort of bad
             | news.)
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | > I think about 5-10 million die every year from
             | starvation.
             | 
             | That's an outrageous claim you need to back with some hard
             | facts, otherwise patently untrue.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | "According to the World Food Programme, an estimated 9
               | million people died from hunger and hunger-related
               | diseases in 2021."
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=how+many+people+die+world
               | wid...
               | 
               | Unsupported claims are not "patently untrue"; THAT claim
               | also requires citation.
        
         | raincole wrote:
         | https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/43292/what-was-t...
         | 
         | > For England, including the Kings of Wessex from AEthelberht
         | on (the first I could find a birthdate for), and the Kings of
         | England up to Edward IV, whose reigns extends to 1483 (and
         | consequently into Modern Ages, if we take the usual date of
         | 1453 - the fall of Constantinople - as the end of the Middle
         | Ages), I found the average age of death of monarchs to be 44
         | years. (http://ideias.wikidot.com/reis-da-inglaterra-na-idade-
         | media)
         | 
         | Life expectancy is longer than that in even the poorest
         | countries today:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expe...
        
           | gampleman wrote:
           | And very very importantly, this is taking the death ages of
           | kings (i.e. people who lived long enough to actually become
           | monarchs) compared to life expectancy at birth (i.e. people
           | who lived long enough to be born).
           | 
           | Given that until roughly the 1700s infant mortality was
           | brutal (according to [1] fully 50% of children died before
           | reaching adulthood), this comparison becomes even starker,
           | since average life expectancy of a crown prince at birth
           | would be far lower (somewhere in their 20s).
           | 
           | [1] https://acoup.blog/2025/07/18/collections-life-work-
           | death-an...
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | how much of that early death was poison or in war?
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | Given their position, kings and other members of a warrior
             | elite generally would likely have downwards pressure on
             | their life expectancy from that.
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | This "average life expectancy in the ancient world" thing
             | is nothing more than an illustration of when to pick the
             | median over the mean because the data is skewed by
             | outliers.
        
               | naniwaduni wrote:
               | Quite the opposite in this case--the median is single-
               | digit; adults are the outliers.
        
           | anovikov wrote:
           | Except kings very frequently died for "good" reasons: being
           | killed in battle, or by political opponents, or during
           | hunting accidents, or victims of coups, or beheaded. As a
           | leader, you lead your subjects into all kinds of battles and
           | take all kinds of risks and today's politicians don't do that
           | anymore.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | Richard II starved to death. Voluntarily. After signing
             | over his crown to someone he had previously banished. While
             | in prison.
        
         | em500 wrote:
         | Not that I have any direct knowledge, but I think a real king
         | (either medieval or modern day) has a huge number of
         | constraints on life opportunities. They have a lot of nominal
         | wealth, but probably also too many obligations and duties (real
         | or perceived) to just say, the heck with it, I'm going to be a
         | full time traveling musician or rock climber or some such.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | We've seen this recently in British and Japanese royal
           | families. Some people just don't want it, and to get a normal
           | life they have to leave the monarchy.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | This is reminding me of folk tales where the king, prince
             | or princess disguises themselves and goes among the
             | commoners, but I can't name a definite example of the trope
             | at the moment.
        
               | samlinnfer wrote:
               | Kangxi emperor being disguised as a commoner in some kind
               | of undercover boss scenario is a common trope.
        
               | bmn__ wrote:
               | https://allthetropes.org/wiki/King_Incognito
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | The Prince and the Pauper is the classic Western version.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Clark Kent.
        
               | cyberlimerence wrote:
               | I think there are multiple versions of this. One example
               | is Grakappan.[1] It was mentioned in the Severence
               | series, funnily enough.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden#Gr
               | eycoat
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | I remember many years ago the Economist pointed out one of the
         | Rothschilds died young of something that would have been
         | readily solvable with penicillin, but no amount of money could
         | get you something that didn't exist yet.
         | 
         | I'm going to go with a cautious "yes" to the first: the ages at
         | death of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs
         | are not great.
         | 
         | "No" on the second (king is never going to have to worry about
         | food security, that's for the peasants)
         | 
         | And "life opportunties" .. bit of a divide by zero situation.
         | As king, you technically have all the opportunities. But you
         | can only do things which actually exist at the time. And you're
         | bound by the social and religious conventions of the time,
         | which you mess with at your peril. Doing so worked for Henry
         | VIII but not for the various Georges. See, for example, the
         | controversy over whether James 6 might have been gay.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Addendum: food _security_ was assured, food _choice_ was very
           | restricted by modern standards. Remember the medieval period
           | is pre-Colombian exchange, so no potatoes, no tomatoes, no
           | peppers. Some spices, but a different range to what modern
           | palates are used to. No refrigeration either, so you 're
           | limited to seasonal availability. In the winter that means
           | you're eating a lot of root vegetables and bread, even if as
           | king you're guaranteed a supply of fresh meat and fish (from
           | the royal holdings dedicated to producing it).
           | 
           | Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forme_of_Cury
           | 
           | This is where you get the memes about shocking medieval
           | Europeans with a time travelling bag of Doritos: both the bag
           | and its contents are completely impossible items for them.
           | 
           | Worth noting that durable items could be shipped long
           | distance - precious metals, gems, textiles - but foodstuff
           | shipping was more limited to high value density stuff like
           | spices and the European wine trade.
           | 
           | Speaking of wine: no modern stimulants. No coffee, no
           | tobacco, no weed, no cocaine, no opiates. No painkillers, no
           | anasthesia. For all those situations, you have one option:
           | alcohol.
           | 
           | A huge number of critical historical decisions were taken by
           | people who would fail a brethalyser.
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | Quite a few precursors to modern stimulants though, there
             | were many Solanaceae (nightshade) variations in Europe,
             | from harmless through high to deadly. Papaver somniferum
             | (opium poppy) got about the place quite a bit (according to
             | archaeologists at least.
             | 
             | Hemlock and henbane were both used as painkillers and
             | dulling agents .. up to unconsciousness and death,
             | depending on dosage.
             | 
             | Added: Monastery herb gardens often had quite the range,
             | eg: https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/inspire-
             | me/blog/ar...
        
               | VilleO wrote:
               | Also willow bark was chewed as a painkiller because of
               | the acetylsalicylic acid it contains.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Quite powerful, BTW. I've used it while hiking for a
               | headache. Damn thing tastes like it's half-aspirin,
               | bleh... but the headache went away.
        
             | antonvs wrote:
             | > No refrigeration either, so you're limited to seasonal
             | availability.
             | 
             | Well, except for food preserved via pickling, salting,
             | drying, smoking, fermenting, sugaring, and confit. Which
             | makes for quite a long list.
             | 
             | Plus, various foods like grains, root vegetables, onions,
             | and even apples could be stored for months using proper
             | techniques. They didn't have the luxury we have of not
             | paying much attention to how we store things and just
             | replacing them when they go bad, so they became quite good
             | at this.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > pickling, salting
               | 
               | Yes, but also my understanding is that the preservation
               | technique of that name involves much more salt than
               | modern palettes are willing to tolerate, and also salt
               | itself was much more limited in supply.
               | 
               | Despite this, salt as a preservative was indeed critical
               | to civilisation.
               | 
               | > fermenting
               | 
               | True, and also I want to say "blessed are the
               | cheesemakers" etc. here. :)
        
               | mik1998 wrote:
               | There's nothing intolerable about pickled vegetables. I
               | eat them all the time
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Properly picked, as in preserved and can be stored
               | ambient for extended periods, or "pickled" as sold in a
               | supermarket where the small print says "keep refrigerated
               | after opening"?
               | 
               | I have been told there is a huge difference between the
               | two.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | Qualify it as three types.
               | 
               | There are the fermented pickles
               | 
               | There are the pickles that get mixed with prefermented
               | preservative (usually vinegar/salt) and pressure-canned
               | 
               | And then there are the pickles that get flash cooked or
               | not cooked, mixed with preservative, and refrigerated for
               | a limited time
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | That is why some salt-preserved foods are traditionally
               | soaked before consumption: to remove the excess salt.
        
               | cgannett wrote:
               | Also because salt itself was much more valuable back then
               | you wouldn't have as much or even any salt in your fresh
               | food so you use the "preserved in an intolerable amount
               | of salt" food products with the unsalted food products to
               | get a quite tolerable middle ground at consumption time.
               | Mash potatoes and pickle bits mmm
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | > Mash potatoes and pickle bits mmm
               | 
               | And thus potatoes and sauerkraut was born.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Without the potatoes, they hadn't arrived from the
               | Americas by this point.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Clearly, they meant rutabegas, turnips, and cabbages.
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | > pickling, salting, drying, smoking, fermenting,
               | sugaring, and confit. Which makes for quite a long list
               | 
               | None of which preserves the taste/nutrition well for a
               | wide range of foods like greens/fruits/vegetables, you
               | the limits in seasonal availability don't get resolved
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | There's a difference of being a bougie bitch expecting to
               | have fresh greens in the dead of winter with a meter of
               | snow on the ground and being thankful you stored the
               | fall's harvest in such a way that you have food to last
               | until that meter of snow has melted. Maybe they could
               | have utilized green houses earlier, but when did it
               | become practical to make clear sheets of glass?
        
               | antonvs wrote:
               | The point is they had many workarounds for being "limited
               | to seasonal availability." That doesn't mean _everything_
               | was available or as nutritious.
               | 
               | Plus the excellent point that dylan604 made, they weren't
               | bougie bitches.
        
               | Roark66 wrote:
               | >Plus, various foods like grains, root vegetables,
               | onions, and even apples could be stored for months using
               | proper techniques. They didn't have the luxury we have of
               | not paying much attention to how we store things and just
               | replacing them when they go bad, so they became quite
               | good at this.
               | 
               | I would also expect them to have various special
               | variaties of apples/pears that actually improved their
               | taste with storage. For example a variety that was best
               | with 2 months of storage, another one that was best after
               | 6 months.
               | 
               | Then you have cheeses, yoghurts, milk. Those things could
               | be available year round. One would expect the king of
               | France to have quite a variety of cheeses at his
               | disposal. Then we have meats prepared in a hundred
               | different ways. From simple roasting, to gelling,
               | pickling like modern hams. And so on.
               | 
               | Then we have various types of wild mushrooms. I wonder if
               | the king ate wild mushrooms and who picked these
               | mushrooms for him... Poisoning would be so easy to get
               | away with if he did.
               | 
               | It would be tough without potatoes, tomatoes and peppers,
               | but I think food-wise I'd be just fine (assuming money
               | and power).
        
               | artursapek wrote:
               | Exactly. People today seem to forget why fermentation was
               | discovered in the first place.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | > Addendum: food security was assured, food choice was very
             | restricted by modern standards.
             | 
             | Not by the standards of the world 5th percentile, as in the
             | question posed. The 5th percentile today is mostly
             | subsistence farming and doesn't have access to imported
             | foods or own a refrigerator (though there probably is one
             | in their local village, and they may well own a mobile
             | phone).
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | It doesn't work for everything but clove act as a decent
             | local painkiller. I once broke a tooth and cloves in my
             | mouth made me go through the day until my appointment to
             | the dentist.
             | 
             | The taste wasn't so fun though.
        
             | Telemakhos wrote:
             | I don't know where the "no painkillers" meme comes from,
             | but opium's been around forever and is among the easiest
             | drugs to harvest: just lightly score the poppy seed pod and
             | collect the latex. It was as known and available in the
             | middle ages as in the ancient Greek world.
             | 
             | https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.
             | P...
             | 
             | Alcohol, though, is great for dissolving opium into an
             | easily ingestible potion, whence one gets dwale or
             | laudanum.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | Dwale is technically a nightshade preparation, not opium-
               | based. Laudanum is opium.
        
             | psunavy03 wrote:
             | > A huge number of critical historical decisions were taken
             | by people who would fail a breathalyzer.
             | 
             | [citation needed]
             | 
             | The idea that historically people went around hammered
             | because the water supply was poor is a myth.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | See the consumption records for the 18th-century American
               | colonists. The rates are astounding.
               | 
               | The water myth is not the cause.
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | Controversy... yeah... Historians have seen the mountain of
           | evidence think one thing, and people ignorant of history who
           | think he had something to do with their favorite version of
           | the Bible know The Lord wouldn't have chosen a gay "author".
           | 
           | He wasn't gay, but his many male lovers might have been. :D
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | > Doing so worked for Henry VIII
           | 
           | Apart from his painful, smelly leg ulcers that he had to
           | tolerate for years
        
         | ramses0 wrote:
         | I've made it a hobby to compare my current standards of living
         | to "When would this be kingly?" We've traded down so much on
         | quality of products (and sometimes: quality of life) but making
         | a conscious decision to "live like a king" in a lot of cases
         | isn't that hard.
         | 
         | Simplest example? Indoor plumbing: Boom, 15th century king.
         | 
         | Silly example? I got my wife seven silk pillow cases one year
         | as a Christmas gift. A bit spendy, but instantly "living like a
         | king".
         | 
         | We don't have "the royal kitchens", but do have Door-Dash. We
         | took a tour of a castle somewhere in Canada (probably
         | Craigdarroch) and they had a bunch of sitting rooms and reading
         | nooks with extra lights and stuff... Steal Those Ideas! You too
         | can live like a king, you just have to rewind a century or two,
         | and be strategic about the luxuries you pick.
        
           | athenot wrote:
           | I love this! It's really a mindset of taking seemingly common
           | things that we take for granted, and reconsider them under a
           | fresh look to appreciate how amazing they actually are.
        
             | psychoslave wrote:
             | I don't know how common it is, but having consommable water
             | delivered at home, being able to take daily shower and just
             | having to push a button to get rid of my shit, always leave
             | me in amazed state. I wish every human could enjoy all
             | these "commodities" and more.
        
         | thesuitonym wrote:
         | Couple of points on life expectancy: If you made it to age 15,
         | it was likely you'd live to be 60-80. Life expectancy wasn't
         | lower in the past because people died earlier, they just died
         | as children at a much higher rate, but there are some important
         | caveats. In King Charles V's day, a simple cut that today we
         | would not even think twice about could prove fatal from
         | infection. Add to that the common plight of royal families
         | being extremely inbred (I'm not sure if this was the case for
         | Charles V) and it is actually likely that most people alive
         | today, regardless of wealth, would likely live longer than him.
         | 
         | Now, when you compare a low wealth person today to a peasant
         | from the medieval era, if you remove child mortality, they
         | likely had a similar life expectancy, although again, the
         | modern human is more likely to have access to antibiotics,
         | regardless of wealth--as others have mentioned, they just
         | didn't exist back then.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | > a simple cut that today we would not even think twice about
           | could prove fatal from infection
           | 
           | maybe .. most mammals do not get infections from an ordinary
           | cut.. it is humans that are uniquely weak that way
           | 
           | source: retired medical surgeon
        
             | ainiriand wrote:
             | My cat almost died from an infected wound from the bite of
             | another cat, so maybe it depends on the wound.
        
             | IAmBroom wrote:
             | Expert fallacy.
             | 
             | Nothing in your career particularly informed you of non-
             | human mammal infection rates, unless you moonlighted as a
             | veterinarian.
        
             | thesuitonym wrote:
             | That's why I said `could', instead of `would'.
        
         | crabbone wrote:
         | With how many times you find: "horse and man fell to the
         | ground", and "he smote him such a buffet", and "armed himself
         | at all points", "hauberk covered in blood" and so on... I'd
         | think that life expectancy wasn't exactly great...
         | 
         | Wasn't Arthur alone responsible for the untimely death of like
         | a dozen kings? :)
        
           | IAmBroom wrote:
           | Worse: Arthur is responsible for hundreds of bad self-
           | published fantasy novels.
           | 
           | Yearly.
        
         | biophysboy wrote:
         | You might be interested in "A Distant Mirror" by Tuchman
        
       | dm319 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | Hard disagree. Boredom is the consequence of a disengaged
           | mind. Seems like his life was pretty fulfilling, with new
           | music and entertainment, new people to meet and talk to, and
           | new issues to solve, and when he did get bored I'm sure he
           | had ample opportunities to do new things and take on new
           | endeavors to satiate his mental appetite.
        
       | motoxpro wrote:
       | Sounds about like a manager at any large-ish company. Not in a
       | disparaging way, just interesting.
        
       | twalichiewicz wrote:
       | https://archive.is/XnX1g
        
       | khazhoux wrote:
       | The supplicants brings to mind the opening scene of The
       | Godfather.
       | 
       | I'm endlessly perplexed how a human with the same number of hours
       | as me, can rule a kingdom, or run a modern country, or be CEO of
       | a major company, meanwhile I'm working long hours every day and
       | still get nothing accomplished.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | How many secretaries, go-to people, etc. do you have?
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | 75 years ago someone in my position would have had a
           | secretary - she (sexism intended) would have covered about 4
           | others. My boss would have had a personal secretary. Today
           | Outlook (or similar programs) do the majority of what she
           | would have done and they do it better. I can book an airline
           | ticket myself in the time it would take to explain what I
           | really want to the secretary.
        
             | tristor wrote:
             | I think you are mistaken, because you have made a category
             | error. The work of a personal secretary or an assistant
             | isn't merely to book you an airline ticket or manage your
             | calendar. These are part of it, yes, but not the entirety
             | and even in those you are missing the nuance of it. Their
             | job is to understand you, and act on your behalf in the
             | matters you delegate, knowing what outcome you would choose
             | yourself. This is a force multiplier in the way that
             | Outlook will never be.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | > Their job is to understand you, and act on your behalf
               | in the matters you delegate, knowing what outcome you
               | would choose yourself.
               | 
               | And that works very well even today when you are high
               | enough to get a personal secretary. For the engineer who
               | always shared the secretary with several others she
               | didn't know you as well, and in any case their
               | preferences were not important enough to consider (you
               | don't get first class options).
               | 
               | Even for my boss, outlook is a force multiplier over a
               | secretary because he (happens to be he today, has been
               | she in the past, and likely will be again in a few years)
               | doesn't have very many things where knowing preferences
               | matter and doesn't have such complex scheduling needs
               | that a human needs to do it. The ability to schedule his
               | own meetings is much more powerful than asking someone to
               | do it - while it might take more time to do it he can see
               | that by not inviting one person the meeting can be had
               | sooner and that is a much greater multiplier than the
               | time saves by having someone else who not knowing those
               | details delays the meeting until everyone can be there.
               | 
               | Yes when your situation is such that a secretary can
               | "understand you, and act on your behalf in the matters
               | you delegate, knowing what outcome you would choose
               | yourself" it is a force multiplier. However most of us
               | are not really that different from anyone else and even
               | where we are we are not allowed the level of
               | differentiation. We also don't have nearly the ability to
               | delegate things, much less enough things that someone
               | else can delegate them on our behalf. And so for most of
               | us outlook is a force multiplier over the secretary we
               | would get.
        
               | IAmBroom wrote:
               | I started work in that era. That secretary booked an
               | airline ticket by calling her contact at the same
               | airline, regardless of price savings.
               | 
               | She typed his messages; that task is obviously done by
               | the boss himself these days (Obama's blackberry addiction
               | is a case in point). Voice-to-text handles her job while
               | I'm driving; NO ONE did that job back then.
               | 
               | In the middle of the night, I can set an appointment that
               | just occurred to me. Again, that's not something 1980s me
               | could do.
               | 
               | Technology is a force multiplier you are ignoring. As bad
               | as Outlook seems, it is better than most secretaries
               | could be.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | A large part of the force multiplier is just that she
               | would sit on hold for you. Web sites rarely get so slow
               | that you can't book the ticket yourself when it occurs to
               | you.
               | 
               | Note again that I'm using "she" intentionally. When
               | females are considered unable to do "real work" we don't
               | value their time and so it is a force multiplier for the
               | men who don't have to sit on hold, and we ignore all of
               | her time that is wasted. I agree with those who are glad
               | such days are over.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | I think it's odd to devalue the time of someone who is
               | helping you achieve more. That's definitely not a
               | charitable way to treat people, nor is it the way I think
               | about secretaries and assistants, regardless of their
               | gender. While rank and file employees are no longer
               | entitled to assistants, there are still thousands of
               | people across corporate america in these roles and they
               | are in many ways the most critical people to getting
               | things done in many companies, and I have the utmost
               | respect for them.
        
         | scott_w wrote:
         | By having a team around them. I'd recommend listening to
         | podcasts by former politicians to get an understanding of the
         | types of challenges they have. Rory Stewart regularly talks
         | about his time in government. I recall former chancellor George
         | Osborne talking about how much government energy is spent
         | reacting to crises and giving the illusion of control.
        
         | lucianbr wrote:
         | If you have people who take orders from you, obviously you can
         | accomplish much more. If you're CEO, literally everyone in the
         | company is that. Of course they can get a lot done.
         | 
         | Another way to see it is they themselves don't get anything
         | done, in the end others do all the work.
        
         | mseepgood wrote:
         | Delegation is key
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >Give as few orders as possible, once you've given orders on a
         | subject, you must always give orders on that subject.
         | 
         | Being a leader is a matter of taste. Make the decisions you
         | need to make, take the actions you need to take, delegate the
         | rest. If you had a very qualified group of people to do
         | absolutely everything done you didn't want to do yourself "you"
         | would get an incredible amount of stuff done.
         | 
         | Watch _The West Wing_ for a taste of how the president of the
         | US operates.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | I bet I could rule a kingdom well enough. A lot of old timey
         | kings seemed to be real dummies.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | He did that much in the morning, after getting up, on an empty
       | stomach??
        
         | IAmBroom wrote:
         | I work half my day under those conditions.
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | _> "After this rest period, he spent a time with his most
       | intimate companions in pleasant diversions, perhaps looking at
       | his jewels or other treasures."_
       | 
       | Men don't spend a lot of time looking at jewels anymore, but I
       | guess the modern equivalent would be hanging out with your
       | buddies having some beers and admiring your fancy car.
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | Any collectible really? It's just that jewels ( _they 're
         | minerals, Marie!_) used to be a more common one.
        
         | subjectsigma wrote:
         | I imagine there also wasn't much else to do if you couldn't
         | participate in sports. (Article claimed he was frail so I
         | imagine he wasn't out there playing soccer or jousting.)
        
       | mseepgood wrote:
       | So he only did four hours of actual work per day.
        
         | achenet wrote:
         | much like members of the original affluent societies, hunter-
         | gatherers
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_affluent_society#The_...
         | 
         | here is also a link to a video interview of Jeff Bezos
         | explaining that he prioritizes sleep, because at his level,
         | quality of decisions is more important than quantity of
         | decisions.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze0op3sJr2A
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Read the critisim section. There is no reason to think
           | hunter-gathers worked only 4 hours per week, unless you
           | define work so narrowly that the majority of what they did
           | doesn't count even though anyone who has done those tasks
           | knows how much work they are.
        
         | LightBug1 wrote:
         | Sounds about right for average office worker. WFH had its
         | benefits too.
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | This was in the middle of the Hundred Years War, too.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | What is work? Those religious services were mandatory to set
         | the image of him as a king. The discussion around the jewels
         | was also mandatory - again setting an image. While he had the
         | ability to skip any of those things, not doing them sets him up
         | as an image of a bad king and soon he will be removed.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | Which is still way more than most political elites of today
         | do..
        
         | jimbokun wrote:
         | In all honesty that's probably true of most knowledge workers
         | today.
        
       | teleforce wrote:
       | The author is Christine de Pizan, an Italian-born (Venice) French
       | court writer [1].
       | 
       | Fun facts, Christine married at the age of 15, now will be
       | considered by both Italian and French law as an illegal underage
       | marriage. The marriage was, by all accounts, a happy one [2].
       | 
       | She had 3 children from the marriage to Etienne du Castel, (a
       | royal secretary) for about ten years, remained widow after her
       | husband's death.
       | 
       | Christine was Catholic and is often presented as one of the first
       | feminists in history.
       | 
       | [1] Christine de Pizan:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan
       | 
       | [2] Biography of Christine de Pizan, Medieval Writer and Thinker:
       | 
       | https://www.thoughtco.com/christine-de-pizan-biography-41721...
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | And at the age of 12, the king (then dauphin) married his
         | 12-year-old cousin, Joanna.
         | 
         | Etienne was apparently 8 years older than Christine.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | That's a fascinating treatise.
       | 
       | It also paints Charles in quite a good light. I assume that she
       | wrote to please, but it also sounds like he was a genuinely good
       | king.
       | 
       | I have heard that the best form of government is an absolute
       | monarchy, and the worst form of government is an absolute
       | monarchy.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | Re your last paragraph: can't this be said about any form of
         | government since there will be any kind of variation
         | independent of form?
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | No. The best form of government is never a committee, but the
           | worst form is seldom a committee.
        
             | baxtr wrote:
             | Fair enough. Makes sense!
        
           | namenotrequired wrote:
           | It means the variation in monarchy is higher. So the best
           | monarchy is better than the best democracy, but the worst
           | monarchy is worse than the worst democracy
        
         | adsteel_ wrote:
         | "Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in
         | this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is
         | perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is
         | the worst form of Government except for all those other forms
         | that have been tried from time to time...."
         | 
         | - Winston S. Churchill, 11 November 1947
        
       | game_the0ry wrote:
       | From the looks of it, a medieval king spent more time with his
       | subjects that a typical US congressman spends with his
       | constituents -- rather, they tend to spend more time at dinner
       | parties with lobbyists and donors. In fact, the only time I here
       | from my congressional rep is when I get texts asking for more
       | money.
        
         | HEmanZ wrote:
         | Medieval kings were a lot closer to mafia dons, in scope of
         | government, role in government, and strength of position than
         | any kind of politician we have in the western world today.
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | Much lower population, and you had to see the king in person,
         | travelling at walking speed. It means the king could afford to
         | listen to the comparatively few people who get to him.
         | 
         | Among these people are probably a good number of what would be
         | called lobbyists today.
        
         | naniwaduni wrote:
         | The time spent with lobbyists and donors most certainly gets
         | totaled in for this purpose.
        
       | jcalx wrote:
       | Not specifically about kings but -- I recommend The Time
       | Traveler's Guide to Medieval England by Ian Mortimer, for a very
       | thorough look at daily life in this era.
       | 
       | More specifically about kings, ACoUP has a great writeup [0] on
       | royal legitimacy and the various purposes of the king's court in
       | the context of my favorite medieval shenanigans simulator,
       | Crusader Kings III.
       | 
       | [0] https://acoup.blog/2022/02/18/miscellanea-thoughts-on-
       | ckiii-...
        
       | reillyse wrote:
       | This is less historical record than medieval propaganda piece. I
       | get that it was written as such but even the article at the
       | beginning pretends it's an accurate representation of what the
       | king got up to and then towards the end tacitly admits it's an
       | idealized representation of how a king should behave. This
       | basically brings into question all of the actual details. Did he
       | go to church every morning ? Maybe it was deemed proper that he
       | did but as the king he just skipped it - we'll never know.
       | 
       | Likewise listening to commoners- maybe this was done for show
       | with some well cleaned up subjects every so often , or maybe it
       | was a genuine practice , we don't really know.
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Given all the matters that a head of state has to attend to I
         | would be surprised if they found time to go to church once a
         | week, much less daily. Even with an on-site priest.
         | 
         | As for listening to commoners, I'll accept the possibility of
         | kings that wanted to be accountable to their subjects. The
         | problem isn't the king, it's the nobility. The nobles are going
         | to be filtering the commoners that get to talk to the king,
         | because the king isn't _allowed_ to know any commoners
         | directly. Hell, they might not even be able to speak the same
         | language at all. England 's kings all spoke either French or
         | German for a long time, and French wasn't so much the language
         | of France as much as it was the language that France's ruling
         | class spoke[0].
         | 
         | Even if the king could understand commoners and had unfiltered
         | access to them, it's not guaranteed that they could do anything
         | with that feedback. Say, a peasant complained about what they
         | pay to their lord. Does the king actually have the power to
         | overrule the nobility? Will the nobility depose the king, or
         | start a civil war that destabilizes the country?
         | 
         | The game everyone's playing is ultimately to convince
         | subsistence farmers to "go big or go home" - i.e. to overplant
         | and overproduce food, at the risk of crop failure, so that the
         | state can seize some of that food and eat it themselves,
         | nominally in exchange for "protection"[1] from rival states
         | whose main difference is that their king is fake while yours is
         | rightful. In other words: the king and nobility are wolves, the
         | commoners are sheep, and it's bad form for predators to
         | befriend their prey.
         | 
         | [0] At least until France erased their own minority languages
         | in the 1800s and forced everyone to speak French, which I'm
         | pretty sure counts as genocide
         | 
         | [1] Identical to the 'protection' paid to a mafioso
        
         | rcktmrtn wrote:
         | > This is less historical record than medieval propaganda piece
         | 
         | I think you could make a good case that the title is a little
         | sensationalistic, but you could pick at US civics class in
         | exactly the same way (and not just in recent history). The
         | branches of government we learn about fail to include (or at
         | least emphasize) the fundamental role of regulatory capture,
         | lobbyists, and opaque/undemocratic three-letter agencies in
         | real-world governance. Not to mention the fact that even the
         | founding of the country was based on high ideals that were
         | highly caveat-ed ("all men are created equal" unless those men
         | are property).
         | 
         | Regardless of the extent to which ideals are lived out in
         | practice, to many people it's notable that those ideals are
         | there at all. In my experience as a US citizens, most people
         | educated here seem shocked to learn that there can be any
         | ideals behind monarchy besides divine right of kings/"I am the
         | state" [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%89tat,_c%27est_moi
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > unless those men are property
           | 
           | And unless those men are women.
        
         | rfwhyte wrote:
         | Yeah this reads as a total puff piece to me too.
         | 
         | Seems to really want to paint a picture of the king as a pious,
         | diligent, man of the people, yet it only leaves me with the
         | impression that what was intentionally omitted is the true
         | nature of the man.
         | 
         | Just like any officially sanctioned biography of Trump would
         | omit his late night reality TV binge watching, his gorging on
         | fast food and his raping of children, this account embellishes
         | Charles' best qualities while utterly ignoring his worst, so it
         | is of no historical value whatsoever in terms of understanding
         | who he truly was.
        
       | sharkjacobs wrote:
       | I was always fascinated by the detail that Odysseus plows his own
       | fields, and what that means about being King of an island in
       | mythological Greece
        
         | IAmBroom wrote:
         | Brilliantly, the "Lion in Winter" opens with the King of
         | England, the most powerful person in Europe at that time,
         | rising from bed and breaking the ice atop his personal
         | washbasin in his bedcroom.
         | 
         | Just in case you were thinking of Lerner & Loewe's England:
         | this ain't that.
        
       | BXLE_1-1-BitIs1 wrote:
       | Abdul Azziz al Saud, founder of Saudi Arabia, received
       | supplicants on a near daily basis as all his subjects believed
       | they had a right to bring their complaints to him.
       | 
       | In the early years of his reign, he was involved in military
       | campaigns to expand his kingdom.
        
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