[HN Gopher] Psilocybin decreases depression and anxiety in cance...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Psilocybin decreases depression and anxiety in cancer patients
       (2016)
        
       Author : Bluestein
       Score  : 245 points
       Date   : 2025-07-18 10:57 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
        
       | BlueGh0st wrote:
       | (2016)
        
         | clbrmbr wrote:
         | This. I saw the late Roland Griffiths as first author and
         | thought the same.
        
       | milchek wrote:
       | Anecdotal, but about a year ago my wife participated in a
       | psilocybin trial at a university here who were looking at
       | patients with severe anxiety. It was her last hope after trying
       | therapy, various supplements, as well as dietary and lifestyle
       | changes, etc
       | 
       | It has been life changing for her, but one thing she tells people
       | now is that what also helped was that it was facilitated with a
       | trained therapist there during the session for guidance to make
       | sure she didn't "get stuck in a loop." There was also many
       | sessions pre dosing day to optimize the result.
       | 
       | She would highly recommend the treatment and hopes it becomes
       | mainstream soon.
        
         | AndrewThrowaway wrote:
         | Was she in placebo group?
        
           | yesseri wrote:
           | Is it possible to have a placebo group when doing a study on
           | psilocybin? Would participants in the placebo not notice the
           | lack of psychedelic effects?
           | 
           | EDIT: In the original link it says the placebo group received
           | a much lower dose, so that seems to be one way of doing it.
        
             | mock-possum wrote:
             | sounds like in that case you're not testing the efficacy of
             | high versus sober, you're testing heroic dosing versus
             | micro dosing.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | There are also studies that test against placebo. There
               | have been lots and lots of trials on these things with
               | different designs that make different cost/benefit
               | tradeoffs.
               | 
               | A difficult one with psychedelics is as-mentioned: people
               | can easily "break the blind". But if you want to
               | eliminate _that_ problem you can instead do a micro vs
               | macro dose, in which case you 're measuring a slightly
               | different thing.
        
             | AndrewThrowaway wrote:
             | Then again what if showing some funky hallucinogenic
             | images/movies would have the same effect on some people? We
             | surely know that people can go crazy (so have psychological
             | effects) in cults and similar settings. What if intense
             | visual/sonic/etc stimulation, visual distortions etc.
             | together with messaging like "it will change your life and
             | cure your anxieties" is the key in this therapy?
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | > intense visual/sonic/etc stimulation, visual
               | distortions etc. together with messaging like "it will
               | change your life and cure your anxieties" is the key in
               | this therapy?
               | 
               | I sincerely hope this is not at all how any of this
               | works. That sounds like a recipe for paranoia.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | That isn't how these studies are being done... because
               | yeah, it'd probably confound the results.
        
               | nemomarx wrote:
               | That's not so much a placebo as a head to head test of
               | different effects? I think you'd do it in a new study
               | entirely
        
             | OldfieldFund wrote:
             | One way is using niacin in high doses, also known as
             | vitamin B3, as an active placebo to induce a sensation of
             | heat and cause the skin to flush red, which is a typical
             | reaction to tryptamines.
             | 
             | The rest is a regular placebo. It can be a really strong
             | thing when you are feeling hot.
        
             | milchek wrote:
             | I suppose different trials do it in various ways, for hers
             | there was a placebo group that was given a strong
             | antihistamine. Participants in the trial were allowed to
             | opt in for the real dosing day once the trial concluded. I
             | suppose this was to entice people to join, as otherwise it
             | was basically 50/50 if you would get the trial treatment
             | you were looking for. Post trial dosing was obviously
             | omitted from the results.
        
           | milchek wrote:
           | There was a placebo group that were given basically a very
           | strong antihistamine which induced some drowsiness.
           | 
           | This particular trial, however, allowed participants who were
           | in the placebo group to later opt in for the real dosing -
           | obviously with those results omitted from the trial.
        
         | Levitating wrote:
         | > "get stuck in a loop"
         | 
         | I feel that. Thought loops are scary and it takes someone to
         | recognize them to get you out.
        
         | sampl3username wrote:
         | The point of music during a psychedelic experience is to
         | provide a reference for the passing of time and to help with
         | progression of thoughts. Music guides you through your
         | thoughts, avoiding loops, by providing a changing texture,
         | melody, rythm, and story.
         | 
         | This is on top of the other effects of music, such as emotional
         | effects.
        
           | foobiekr wrote:
           | For other readers, I would like to suggest no music, just a
           | sunny day and quiet.
           | 
           | Music, television, people talking, etc. gives you an external
           | clock and the timelessness of the experience, one of the
           | greatest feelings, is lost.
           | 
           | I guess if you're just doing them for fun it's ok.
        
           | milchek wrote:
           | Yes, exactly - I should've added that she head a specific
           | guided soundtrack as well, which the facilitators said was
           | integral to optimal treatment, at least for this particular
           | trial.
        
         | ThinkBeat wrote:
         | If I understand what you wrote correctly, Your wife did not try
         | any traditional medication to treat her anxiety? Or is that
         | included under "supplements"?
         | 
         | If so the term "lost hope" is not in my opinion accurate.
         | 
         | I am quite happy that it worked and it is a better alternative
         | than medication, I certainly do not think that medication is
         | the cure all, or optimal.
        
           | esseph wrote:
           | > If so the term "lost hope" is not in my opinion accurate.
           | 
           | What an absolutely asshole statement, which also shows an
           | absolutely profound misunderstanding of suicide prevention
           | and care.
           | 
           | Edit: Core belief of suicide ideation is that hope is gone.
           | This is often (but not always) a perception. There may always
           | be more things to try - but that's irrelevant to the person
           | that is dead because they could not see another way.
        
             | cubefox wrote:
             | He meant "last hope". That was the original phrase.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Ah, then I'll fix my statement!
               | 
               | > If so the term "last hope" is not in my opinion
               | accurate.
               | 
               | What an absolutely asshole statement, which also shows an
               | absolutely profound misunderstanding of suicide
               | prevention and care.
               | 
               | Edit: Core belief of suicide ideation is that hope is
               | gone. _This is often (but not always) a perception._
               | There may always be more things to try - but that 's
               | irrelevant to the person that is dead because they could
               | not see another way.
        
           | cubefox wrote:
           | You are right, there are many medications against anxiety
           | disorder, and psilocybin not anyone's last hope if they
           | haven't tried any of those other drugs.
        
         | Traubenfuchs wrote:
         | Technically, what is the approximate dosing regime?
         | 
         | How often, for how many days, how much (=how high?)?
         | 
         | Is this a therapy with an end or do you have to take mushrooms
         | forever?
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | Taking mushrooms together with someone you love, who loves you,
         | is possibly one of the most life changing experiences a couple
         | can have.
         | 
         | Have you taken them with her?
        
           | milchek wrote:
           | I haven't yet. It's not easy to find the place or time to do
           | so. The trial was great because everything was meticulously
           | organised, such as the dose and - I guess - quality? I'd be
           | worried about sourcing myself and messing something up there.
        
         | say_it_as_it_is wrote:
         | Trial eligibility required someone with documented evidence of
         | treatment-resistant depression, with at least two prescription
         | regiments in recent history.
        
           | milchek wrote:
           | Correct, screening was pretty thorough and there were a lot
           | of sessions with therapists, blood tests, etc before they
           | made the decision to allow her into the trial.
        
       | tux3 wrote:
       | The study design does try to mitigate blinding issues and
       | expectancy effects, but with half of the participants reporting
       | past use of hallucinogens, this is not going to be very effective
       | blinding.
       | 
       | A majority of your low dose 1st group likely very much realizes
       | that they're on the inactive dose.
        
         | bedane wrote:
         | I think this says more about the usual psy drugs we're
         | prescribed and use.
         | 
         | they don't do jack shit.
        
           | Bluestein wrote:
           | The very apparent effect these things have makes you wonder
           | if they do not (somehow) correct for what otherwise could be
           | a built-in deficiency we carry with us, by "design"
           | correcting some sort of built-in imbalance ...
        
           | jenkstom wrote:
           | Sorry, but I'd be dead without mine. I'm going to have to
           | disagree with you.
        
             | hattmall wrote:
             | The interesting thing with mushrooms is that you could eat
             | a handful, realize you are already dead, and then maybe not
             | need the other meds at all.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | This could be interpreted as psychedelic ego death from
               | psilocin, backdooring into some kind of personal
               | revelation.
               | 
               | Or as clinical death from _Amanita_ toxicity, with some
               | meta commentary on religion.
               | 
               | +1. :)
        
           | voidUpdate wrote:
           | Mine have definitely helped me, as if I miss them for a day I
           | get noticeably worse
        
         | demiters wrote:
         | Is it even possible to solve the issue of there being no
         | convincing placebo? Would a different hallucinogen like 4-HO-
         | MET work, where the visual experience component is similar, but
         | the visceral effect on consciousness and thought patterns is
         | less pronounced, almost sober like?
        
         | voidUpdate wrote:
         | "Well everything looks exactly the same to me, and the guy over
         | there is staring at the carpet and whispering about The
         | Fractals, so I think I'm in the control group"
        
           | josh-sematic wrote:
           | Of course things get really complicated when this guy is
           | messing with your control group https://xkcd.com/790/
        
         | alphazard wrote:
         | There's an argument to be made that traditional blinding and
         | placebo techniques are not really relevant for interventions
         | targeting mood or personality. e.g. anything that makes you
         | feel better _is_ an effective mood intervention, by definition.
         | "blinding" in these studies is really just going through the
         | motions to make certain authorities happy.
         | 
         | I would be more interested in polling the close friends and
         | family of study participants and asking them about perceived
         | changes. Instruct participants not to tell anyone about their
         | experience in the study (whether they think they got a drug or
         | how much).
         | 
         | It looks like the study tried to do something like this with
         | "session monitors" who interviewed the participants the day
         | after. They call it double-blind, but it's more like single-
         | blind because the 3rd person assessment is the outcome measure.
        
           | sorcerer-mar wrote:
           | The issue with relying on placebo effects is not that they
           | aren't real/don't work (everything you said also applies to
           | e.g. a painkiller), but that they are very context-sensitive.
           | Deploy that drug to an individual or population with a
           | different belief framework or contextual information about
           | the therapy or their condition, and you won't get the desired
           | results.
           | 
           | The design you mention is really interesting! Have you seen
           | this done anywhere?
        
         | hattmall wrote:
         | Or they could give them a different psychedelic to test the
         | efficacy of psilocybin specifically would be my thought.
        
           | _alternator_ wrote:
           | Seems that most hallucinogens have similar benefits, with
           | "more powerful" drugs having a more profound effect. Here's a
           | study on social learning in mice [1]. TLDR: length of trip
           | correlates strongly to duration of treatment effect (eg 6
           | hour trip -> 1 week effect, 36 hour trip -> 6+ month effect
           | IIRC).
           | 
           | Psylocybin isn't the most studied because it's likely to be
           | the most effective drug. It's because the therapists/grad
           | students can work an 8 hour day instead of providing 12+ hour
           | care for LSD or multi-day treatment with Ibogaine.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06204-3
        
       | apwell23 wrote:
       | full title                 Psilocybin produces substantial and
       | sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with
       | life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | @dang, the OP title needs changing imo.
        
       | bedane wrote:
       | this stuff cured a lot of problems I had been trying for years to
       | get rid of, overnight. (literally) mind-blowing
       | 
       | bonus, it made my buddy quit drinking
       | 
       | variance, it made my other buddy delusional and stupid. hasn't
       | really recovered
        
         | g-mork wrote:
         | it only takes one bad trip (absolutely massive overdose in my
         | case) to understand how badly south things can get. used to be
         | a favourite consumable, haven't touched it in over a decade and
         | extremely unlikely to again following that one experience. it
         | also helped phrase 3 earlier experiences in terms of the new
         | "peak", and made me understand how much incredible danger I had
         | been in at all times even prior to the bad trip
        
           | Towaway69 wrote:
           | Did you ever reflect on why you had a bad trip? Did the drug
           | change or did you change?
           | 
           | Was the setting different? Different people around, different
           | location ...
           | 
           | After all learning from mistakes can be just as helpful as
           | the positives in life.
        
       | hellohello911 wrote:
       | Figure 3 is suspicious. Even the placebo arm has much better
       | scores for depression and anxiety from baseline?
        
         | ketamine wrote:
         | Not defending that - some times just knowing you are trying to
         | better yourself helps make things seem better.
        
           | hellohello911 wrote:
           | Sure - but I don't see the authors mention group convergence
           | anywhere.
           | 
           | While the first 5 week post treatment actually looks
           | impressive, I don't think the treatment arms being
           | essentially the same after 6 months supports the conclusions
           | of the study. Unless we backpedal and say the inactive grouo
           | was microdosing (which has its own baggage...)
        
         | AndrewThrowaway wrote:
         | As far as I know antidepressants and even pain killers are the
         | most susceptible to placebo effect.
        
           | hellohello911 wrote:
           | Agreed. If I saw an SSRI with those curves I would doubt the
           | efficacy of it. But this might be why I am not in charge of
           | clinical trials. Just a layman taking pot shots.
        
         | Aurornis wrote:
         | This happens in every depression study: Placebo effect is
         | extremely strong for depression.
         | 
         | You can even collect depressed people, do nothing at all, and
         | when you survey them 6 months later the average scores will
         | improve. This is because depression is, on average, an aberrant
         | condition and the average patient will tend to revert toward
         | the mean.
         | 
         | However, psychedelic studies have a bigger problem:
         | Psychedelics trigger false feelings of amazement and wonder,
         | feeling like something magical has happened. This is like turbo
         | placebo when you tell people that it's a depression treatment.
         | Maybe that's a valuable therapeutic effect, or maybe not.
         | There's a lot to explore, but from all the studies I've read
         | I'm not as bullish on mushrooms for depression as the headlines
         | would indicate.
        
           | hellohello911 wrote:
           | Setting aside the psychedlic aspect, do you think figure 3
           | supports the study's conclusion?
        
             | Aurornis wrote:
             | If this is your first time reading depression studies then
             | it's going to be surprising to see both groups improve.
             | This is normal and expected.
             | 
             | The key indicator of efficacy is the difference between
             | groups. In this case there is some difference between
             | groups but it is small.
        
               | hellohello911 wrote:
               | I don't want to be patronized about the number of
               | depression studies I have or have not read. Can you
               | answer yes or no: does figure 3 support the study's
               | conclusion?
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Thanks for this. Great insights.
           | 
           | Depression is a symptom, and for symptoms there are many
           | causes.
           | 
           | Personalized medicine will fix this but that costs money and
           | time and caring.
        
           | pegasus wrote:
           | What do you mean by "false" feelings of wonder?
        
       | mauriciokeita wrote:
       | Why is there no more recent studies on that?
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | Because usually the "euphoria" people feel is their biology
         | failing due to mild poisoning. It is why most people will often
         | upchuck within a few minutes of ingestion.
         | 
         | People may think they are finding enlightenment, but are no
         | different from the local deranged squirrels aggressively
         | howling at passerby after nibbling Amanita in the fall.
         | Apparently the squirrels use the mushroom to help preserve food
         | stores, and it doesn't poison them as severely (often fatal for
         | humans.)
         | 
         | Paul Stamets is a weird dude, but his work contains some
         | profoundly detailed observations.
         | 
         | People need to think about Fungi as closer to animals that
         | don't move on their own, and acknowledge they rapidly adapt
         | genetically to survive. Pretty to photograph, but often far
         | more complex than people like to admit. =3
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | > Because usually the "euphoria" people feel is their biology
           | failing due to mild poisoning.
           | 
           | All the recent studies in the last decade have proven it's
           | the opposite. What's your point exactly ?
        
             | jfyi wrote:
             | >Amanita
             | 
             | It's an entirely different class of hallucinogen. I don't
             | have personal experience with it but I have done other
             | dissociative hallucinogens and his take is likely largely
             | true (though I wouldn't argue with someone saying they felt
             | euphoria on it). The problem here is it's the entirely
             | wrong mushroom.
             | 
             | I can assure any doubters that psilocybin on the other hand
             | has legitimate euphoric effects.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | The psilocybin containing variety also naturally grow in
               | our yard, and the Amanita is an invasive variety. The
               | "high" people feel is a chemical lobotomy from mild
               | poisoning, and onset of renal failure. Hence why you feel
               | nausea and often erupt out both ends if ingested
               | (especially bad if allergic to a specific fungi.)
               | 
               | I asked for 5 citations not sponsored by dealers that he
               | claimed were available, and my post was flagged. To be
               | fair, I would also accept 3 double-blind medical
               | citations of reasonable quality.
               | 
               | You can't argue with the irrational, as hitting yourself
               | in the head with a brick also causes similar results. lol
               | =3
        
           | nilamo wrote:
           | > Paul Stamets is a weird dude
           | 
           | A Star Trek reference?
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | He was writing practical agricultural mycology books long
             | before he advised the TV show.
             | 
             | First came across his work while modeling hermetic food and
             | waste reclamation options. Paul looked at this area several
             | decades prior, and documented everything in detail. He is
             | weird, but a good scientist worthy of respect. =3
        
             | zevon wrote:
             | The other way round. They named the Star Trek character
             | after a real-world mycologist.
        
           | skeezyboy wrote:
           | the "euphoria" they feel is serotonin.
        
             | Joel_Mckay wrote:
             | Indistinguishable from the stages of Death:
             | 
             | https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_in
             | s...
             | 
             | Some do not choose wisely =3
        
             | breadsniffer wrote:
             | Let me guess, you've never tried them? This is the one
             | substance no one should be talking about if you've never
             | tried it. You can't reason your way through it with first
             | principles.
        
       | Youden wrote:
       | This is from 2016, a lot has happened since then:
       | 
       | - The FDA recognized psilocybin as a breakthrough therapy for
       | treatment-resistant depression: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-
       | releases/compass-pathways-re...
       | 
       | - Some more studies, such as
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27909164/
       | 
       | - More widespread use in medical treatment, such as approval in
       | Australia (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66072427) and
       | limited approval in Switzerland
       | 
       | Very much anecdotal but I can say that psychedelics helped me and
       | several friends a lot with depression. They don't just magically
       | make you feel better - at least not long-term - but they give you
       | the neuroplasticity you need to adjust your internal filters and
       | behaviour. As such, if the purpose is truly healing and recovery,
       | they're best paired with professional therapy, preferably from
       | somebody who's experienced with psychedelic-assisted therapy
       | specifically.
        
         | tuesdaynight wrote:
         | I don't have depression, but the first time I used psychedelics
         | was so emotional helpful that I strongly suggested for
         | depressed friends. I corrected that mistake hours later, after
         | realizing that the risks are low, but life changing if it
         | happens. However, I will never forget that feeling. I've used
         | it again in the following years, but the results faded and it
         | became boring for me.
        
           | rjxc wrote:
           | What are the low-but-life-changing risks?
        
             | causality0 wrote:
             | Some people report personality changes, some as radical as
             | "I found I didn't love my husband anymore."
        
               | BiteCode_dev wrote:
               | That's not a risk, that's a realization. You need those.
               | 
               | You may have saved 20 years in an unhappy marriage.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | The risk is that it's a false idea triggered by the
               | psychedelic.
               | 
               | Maybe a better example would be my friend who took
               | psychedelics and then believed he was in communication
               | with Elon Musk. This one is more obviously a false idea,
               | but nevertheless he was convinced it was real for a
               | period after the psychedelic experience.
               | 
               | There's a mystical concept that psychedelics open your
               | third eye to see the world as it really is or something,
               | but psychedelics are notorious for giving false ideas and
               | making them seem like revelations. It's obvious when it's
               | nonsense (like telepathy with Elon Musk) but it's less
               | obvious when the implanted idea is something like "your
               | husband secretly doesn't love you". Another strangely
               | common report is the belief that people around you have
               | been replaced by clones, which can get scary very fast if
               | the person can't separate the idea from reality.
        
               | AppleBananaPie wrote:
               | Yeah I agree with you 100%. it's interesting folks
               | immediately taking the experience and result at face
               | value when we understand so little about what's
               | happening, even without psychedelics is most cases.
               | 
               | In the referenced anecdote it could be as simple as an
               | excuse needed for someone who's been thinking about it
               | for years. Though maybe that's enough to be a benefit
               | 
               | Anyway I like your example and look forward to what is
               | learned about using psychedelics to help people :)
        
               | armonster wrote:
               | It sounds like your friend had a predilection for
               | psychosis. I feel like the nice things about psychedelics
               | is that they don't alter my processing too much (as
               | compared with other drugs), moreso they just give me
               | different 'inputs' into my senses / experiences, and then
               | I process those.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > It sounds like your friend had a predilection for
               | psychosis.
               | 
               | No prior history of any mental illness in him nor any of
               | his family.
               | 
               | This is a common excuse: Blame some hidden
               | susceptibility, not the drug. It doesn't matter what it
               | was, though. The drug caused it and there were no warning
               | signs. Fine before the drug. Not fine after the drug.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _a common excuse: Blame some hidden susceptibility, not
               | the drug_
               | 
               | It's the interaction between that person and the drug.
               | 
               | I have a crustacean allergy. That doesn't mean
               | crustaceans are bad, or other people shouldn't eat
               | shrimp. It just means it's a bad mix for me.
               | 
               | One of the benefits of administering psychedelics in a
               | clinical setting is that telepathic nonsense is more
               | likely to be noticed early and corrected for, whether by
               | reducing dosage or suspending treatement. (And treating
               | it as medicine allows us to study those people who react
               | negatively to it, further reducing harm.)
        
               | Bluestein wrote:
               | > then believed he was in communication with Elon Musk
               | 
               | Now _that_ is scary.-
               | 
               | PS. We used to trip to contact our wise, the Spirit,
               | spirits, our gods, the beyond, our higher selves ...
               | 
               | ... now we just get ketamine kid.-
        
               | rjxc wrote:
               | That's interesting, I've seen a few comments like this
               | appearing. I was expecting more about HPPD or heart valve
               | issues from extended use.
        
               | luxuryballs wrote:
               | need another dose to take it to the next level: I found
               | that love is an action not a feeling, perhaps I never
               | loved my husband and I should now begin to
        
             | anon6959 wrote:
             | Exacerbation (and possibly development) of mental illness
             | like psychosis, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia is
             | entirely possible.
             | 
             | Along with two other blokes, I got interested in
             | psychedelics in high school. Took one medium high dose and
             | wasn't right for a few months. Never in my life did i ever
             | experienced paranoia, delusions, or hallucinations that are
             | genuinely hard to separate from reality, but I did after
             | that.
             | 
             | Intense psychedelic experiences can fracture what you once
             | knew as "reality" allows all sorts of ideas to float into
             | your mind, with equal possibility. This might be helpful
             | and give you more flexible thinking (helpful for
             | depression) but it also leaves you incredible vulnerable to
             | all sorts of garbage ideas that you never would have
             | considered otherwise. ie conspiracy theories or straight up
             | delusions about the supernatural. Remember: It's not
             | paranoia if you genuinely believe they _really_ are out to
             | get you!
             | 
             | Fighting these garbage ideas is a lot of work once they
             | take hold, but you'll only know too late if you were
             | vulnerable, and worse, if you can successfully align your
             | understanding of reality with most other people.
             | 
             | I got extremely lucky that I stabilized. I'm convinced part
             | of this was only doing it one time. My two co-experimenters
             | took many trips with various doses are still in and out of
             | mental hospitals years later. Psychedelics are _incredibly_
             | potent and _nobody_ really understands them very well. A
             | lot of what is written on the internet ignores, downplays,
             | or denies the very serious risks to your philosophy of mind
             | and mental function. Its like playing with fire when you
             | don 't have heat sensation in your hands.
             | 
             | Several other comments on this page echo these warnings.
             | One even claims there is an 18% chance you could go from
             | depressed to schizophrenic. I have no idea where that
             | figure came from, but the risk is certainly not 0%
        
               | hungmung wrote:
               | Just curious, which psychedelics were you guys
               | experimenting with?
        
             | ActorNightly wrote:
             | Basically it hyper-connects your brain. When people talk
             | about seeing shapes, its not that they are hallucinating,
             | its that when they look at the random fuzz pattern on a
             | rug, and pick out the particles of fuzz that make a
             | creature face, its looks like someone purposefully put
             | those pieces there to make that face.
             | 
             | As such, if you are "surfing" thoughts and find an
             | association of something, that association can become very
             | prominent. If you don't have the context to understand why
             | you are making that association, especially after the trip,
             | you can get stuck with beliefs about yourself that could be
             | non optimal.
             | 
             | On the flip side this hyperconnectivity also allows you to
             | see things like a completely different person would see
             | them, which is where the true healing power lies. Its like
             | you can be disugsted with a particular food when you are
             | sober, but on shrooms you can truly feel what it would be
             | like to enjoy that food. Once you have that context, you
             | are able to move forward after the trip into right
             | directions.
             | 
             | This is why set and setting are EXTREMELY important for
             | significant trips. You want to be with someone who a) has
             | done psychedelics, b) is in a very good mental state, and
             | c) has a low ego not to project their own personality onto
             | you. The best trip sitters are those that encourage
             | exploration - they take everything you communicate to them
             | and ask you questions about it without imparting any bias.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | HPPD and .. honestly, some people have bad trips, and while
             | it is popular in psychedelic circles to say "There is no
             | such thing as a bad trip just the way you interpret it"
             | that isn't really true. Even Terrence McKenna stopped
             | taking mushrooms for a decade after a bad experience.
             | 
             | That said, I _do_ recommend mushrooms to everyone I know
             | with depression or anger issues.
        
               | coffeebeqn wrote:
               | I had a panic attack one time, not sure how I should
               | "interpret" that one. I've get anxiety since childhood
               | for context. That said I'd love to do a session with a
               | professional rather than by myself. Self medication for
               | mental health issues is a bit of a gamble. I've also had
               | good experiences even at higher doses so it's a bit
               | random
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Many people say the first time they use Prozac that it was so
           | helpful they recommended to their friends but then after a
           | while it wore off.
           | 
           | How do you think psychedelics work? They activate the
           | serotonin 2a receptor. It's nothing but a different drug that
           | effects serotonin. Except it does it more intensely but like
           | all these drugs that act on receptors they wear off because
           | of something what's called receptor density changes.
           | 
           | For 70 years, we've been trying to manipulate receptors into
           | making people feel good. It's a losing proposition and it's
           | time to. We changed our thinking. For instance, if these
           | people do have serotonin deficiencies, which is still
           | possibly the case, what is it? That's causing these
           | deficiencies? Is it low, zinc, low B6, genetics, infection?
           | There's so many other things that we know that this could be,
           | but we don't try it.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | I think this is naive. A mushroom trip is fully metabolized
             | and cleared in approximately 6-12 hours. Despite the
             | similar levels of reduction in depressive symptoms for the
             | subsequent weeks, the psilocin has been cleared on the day
             | of, unlike prozac, and hasn't been stimulating 5HT2* at all
             | for that afterglow and post-exposure period.
             | 
             | Nobody other than crazy micro-dosers is taking mushrooms
             | often enough to cause a change in receptor density and
             | those people are putting themselves at risk of valvopathy
             | due to 5HT2a restructuring of the heart valves (which, as
             | an aside, is turning out to be a problem for people on
             | prozac and other long-term SSRIs).
             | 
             | A drug that is very occasional, point use, with no ongoing
             | use, which has long term treatment results, is absolutely,
             | utterly unlike prozac.
             | 
             | That aside, let's say for the sake of argument that the
             | mechanism is similar for prozac; I think that's wrong (one
             | additional explanation may actually be: https://www.science
             | direct.com/science/article/abs/pii/S15675... ) but
             | whatever. If so, then psilocin is vastly superior to prozac
             | because you are not required to have continuous exposure
             | for the benefits, as the corresponding cost, withdrawal,
             | sexual dysfunction, weight gain, heart issues, etc. are
             | removed.
        
               | FollowingTheDao wrote:
               | > Nobody other than crazy micro-dosers is taking
               | mushrooms often enough to cause a change in receptor
               | density
               | 
               | This is so frustrating to me. Why not just google it
               | before you think you know more about this than someone
               | studying it for ten years? Two things can change receptor
               | density: time and dose.
               | 
               |  _A Single Dose_ of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density
               | and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33467676/
               | 
               | This is exactly why psychedelics last longer than prozac.
               | It has less to do with half life and more to do with
               | dose.
               | 
               | How is the mechanism not at least comparative to prozac
               | since it is well know they both effect serotonin? The
               | risk with psilocin is exactly the dose, as many people
               | find out. And you thing there are not cardiac side
               | effects from psychedelics?
               | 
               | A Case of Prolonged Mania, Psychosis, and Severe
               | Depression After Psilocybin Use: Implications of
               | Increased Psychedelic Drug Availability
               | 
               | https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.22
               | 010...
               | 
               | Worsening suicidal ideation and prolonged adverse event
               | following psilocybin administration in a clinical
               | setting: case report and thematic analysis of one
               | participant's experience
               | 
               | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11698204/
               | 
               | Safety First: Potential Heart Health Risks of Microdosing
               | 
               | https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2022/04/13/safety-
               | first-p...
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > after realizing that the risks are low, but life changing
           | if it happens.
           | 
           | I think these risks are more common than was previously
           | discussed on the internet. For a long time reports of very
           | negative experiences were dismissed, laughed at, downplayed,
           | waved away as symptoms of something else, or excused as
           | something positive but mysterious.
           | 
           | It's becoming more acceptable for people to discuss their
           | negative experiences and not get downvoted or attacked for
           | sharing them.
        
             | bongodongobob wrote:
             | Negative experiences have always been a part of it. It's
             | half the point. Negative also doesn't mean permanent, which
             | is extremely rare.
        
               | Aurornis wrote:
               | > Negative experiences have always been a part of it.
               | It's half the point.
               | 
               | This is the type of dismissal and downplaying I'm
               | referring to.
               | 
               | My friend descended into psychosis after taking
               | psychedelics. It was not "half the point" and not helpful
               | to his life in any way.
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | Not that rare, anyone with predisposition to
               | psychosis/schizophrenia has a high risk of permanent
               | effects, and that's not that small of a segment of
               | people, and nearly unknowable beforehand.
        
             | tuesdaynight wrote:
             | I just don't buy it, sorry. One thing that I learned about
             | the internet is that most online opinions are from
             | extremes: excellent or horrible experiences. Just search
             | about any surgery. You will probably find a lot of bad
             | experiences for anything. However, if you look at the data
             | for the big picture, psilocybin is one of the safest drugs
             | out there. There are risks, but they are nowhere near what
             | you see in these conversations.
        
         | larodi wrote:
         | Wonder how Adderall with its fourfold amphetamine recipe can
         | fast-track to market, while psylocibin with all its ancestral
         | approval had not yet been pilled AT ALL. How can a soldier
         | designated pill make it to 60m prescriptions and amazing
         | substantiated illegal use, while psylocibin is still rated as
         | schedule-1 drug alongside heroine, which of course is major
         | offense to possess.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adderall
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin#History
         | 
         | This makes very little sense unless on purpose. I mean, like
         | what, people been doing it for millenniums and still we got
         | where we are now, and not because of downsides of its use, or
         | what?
        
           | dec0dedab0de wrote:
           | Modern drug laws came about in the 1970s, at the height of
           | hippies on psychedelics trying to overthrow the government.
           | 
           | People in power fear losing their power, and they saw these
           | drugs as a threat.
           | 
           | The weirdest part of the whole thing to me is that they
           | outlawed Cannabis, Psilocybin, and LSD, but kept cocaine
           | legal with a prescription under schedule 2.
        
             | pstuart wrote:
             | But those modern drug laws picked up where the older drug
             | laws petered out, and in both cases they were intended to
             | _punish_ their users, not protect them.
        
               | pksebben wrote:
               | To bang a fairly weathered drum, this is largely a matter
               | of conservative policy. Psychedelics were far more common
               | in leftist circles (some might argue that this is cause
               | as opposed to effect - mind-expanding experiences tend to
               | shift politics towards that end of the spectrum).
               | 
               | This means that if you wanted to use the law as a
               | political cudgel without being accused of thought-
               | policing, you could outlaw psychedelics and be confident
               | that the blast zone would exclude the politically
               | faithful while locking up loads of political
               | undesirables; like hippies, panthers, etc.
               | 
               | Of course, these days you have right-wing podcasters
               | discussing DMT with billionaire CEOs, so it's a little
               | trickier. Thus the tentative steps toward legalization.
        
             | bwestergard wrote:
             | A family friend who was an ophthalmic surgeon once
             | explained to me the cocaine was long the default anesthetic
             | for eye surgery, and thus it had an accepted medical use
             | (which was the criterion for Schedule 2). Sounds at least
             | plausible to me.
        
             | Henchman21 wrote:
             | You have to understand that drugs roughly break down into
             | two categories IMO: the touchy-feely stuff that creates
             | empathy and kindness and healing on the one hand. On the
             | other hand you've got stuff that makes people "hard-
             | charging" -- going off and doing a thing without thinking
             | it through, with a tinge of anger, fury, unstoppable raw
             | power. Think: cocaine, booze, caffeine and any other
             | stimulants. These _reduce empathy and create problems for
             | people_.
             | 
             | These two camps are pretty wildly opposed! If I had to
             | guess, I'd bet my money on the people in power _liking and
             | using_ the hard charging stuff while loathing the touchy
             | feely stuff.
             | 
             | All this feels a bit trite, over-simplified, and maybe even
             | a but concocted on my part. But after a lifetime of being
             | around these drugs, it fits well with my experience.
             | 
             | I'd add, too, that the book "Chasing the Scream" gives a
             | better perspective on drug laws & their origins, which
             | really began much earlier than the 1970s.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | It's oversimplified in terms of the drug landscape;
               | fentanyl != meth != alcohol, and the reasons people use
               | them are different. You could simplify it as escapism but
               | you'd be incorrect. Or rather, where do people want to
               | escape _to_? That has little to do with the racism of the
               | 1970s when interracial marriage was literally illegal
               | though which is when the original drug war and those laws
               | date back to.
        
               | Henchman21 wrote:
               | Definitely over-simplified for the drug landscape, but I
               | still think that users roughly sort into these two
               | categories.
               | 
               | I also think its incorrect to define this sort of
               | escapism as escaping _to_ something. IME people escape
               | _from_ something -- the "to" doesn't matter as long as
               | the "from" ain't there.
               | 
               | I'd further agree that it has nothing to do with
               | interracial marriage -- not sure where this point came
               | from?
               | 
               | The "War on Drugs" as Nixon named it isn't the beginning
               | of the story.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | it's not the beginning nor is it the end. To go back to
               | the story, you said
               | 
               | > If I had to guess, I'd bet my money on the people in
               | power liking and using the hard charging stuff while
               | loathing the touchy feely stuff.
               | 
               | that some people liked the hard charging stuff and were
               | white, and that some people liked the touchy feely stuff
               | and who just so coincidentally some of them happened to
               | be dark skinned, in an era that was racist to the point
               | of having anti-miscegenation laws, isn't some minor
               | coincidence.
               | 
               | > the "to" doesn't matter as long as the "from" ain't
               | there.
               | 
               | The "to" matters because after you've gotten high you're
               | there, but where's there? it's that the one where your
               | kids are listening to you? where your wife never left,
               | where your boyfriend wasn't beating you? In that "to",
               | how is life?
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | It's politics and optics. But as someone taking a schedule 3
           | medication that is really a schedule 1 in disguise (sodium
           | oxybate) I wonder why they couldn't use the same tap dance
           | for psylocibin or MDMA. Slight chemical modification to
           | adjust absorption rate but same active ingredient. I think we
           | only get away with this because it's prescribed so rarely and
           | out of public consciousness. It's incredibly effective at
           | treating a pernicious condition.
        
             | temp0826 wrote:
             | I think the Analogue Act covers stuff like that?
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Analogue_Act
        
               | tootie wrote:
               | You'd think, yet I get it sent to me legally anyway. It
               | is under a very restrictive REMS program, but it you're
               | formally diagnosed with the very short list of applicable
               | conditions, it's not that difficult to get.
        
           | ActorNightly wrote:
           | >had not yet been pilled AT ALL
           | 
           | Simple - there is no real lasting money in psylocibin as most
           | people really only need 2 or 3 good sessions.
           | 
           | Whereas adderall is not technically addictive, but if you can
           | function on it, you do become dependent on it.
           | 
           | You also really don't need it to become a prescription,
           | shrooms just need to get legalized. The risks that come from
           | overuse are far and few in between to the point where normal
           | over the counter meds carry much more danger in abuse than
           | shrooms do.
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | The parsimonious explanation is that amphetamine was
             | basically grandfathered in over a historical period where
             | shrooms/acid were cultural and political pariahs and they
             | still have to overcome the residue of that a half century
             | later.
             | 
             | Has nothing to do with being a one shot solution vs
             | subscription.
             | 
             | Even economically the conspiracy theory against one shot
             | cures makes no sense. As your shitty subscription solutions
             | all go generic, I enter the market with my low risk one
             | shot cure and eat all of your lunch.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | I agree with you, but ..
             | 
             | Through direct experience, I do not think 2 or 3 good
             | sessions and you're done is really true. Maybe with
             | experience even that goes - you learned what you needed to
             | learn and there's nothing more to it.
             | 
             | But IMHO psilocin is a strong anti-inflammatory which may
             | in and of itself be some (not all) of the mechanism for
             | alleviating depression (the link between inflammation and
             | depression is strong). That will almost never be lasting.
             | 
             | So we may be in the case where the real breakthroughs are,
             | as you say, in the first two or three sessions. I think
             | most people who took mushrooms out of desperation would
             | agree with that - by the end of the third session many of
             | the things they needed to accept are, in fact, front of
             | mind for awhile. But ongoing maintenance is probably
             | useful.
        
             | seattle_spring wrote:
             | > Whereas adderall is not technically addictive
             | 
             | I don't think I've ever heard someone claim that Adderall
             | isn't addictive.
             | 
             | > use of amphetamines and stimulants such as Adderall can
             | result in tolerance and physiological dependence and can
             | lead to the development of a substance use disorder. Misuse
             | of prescription stimulants such as Adderall for any reason
             | (e.g., to improve academic performance, reduce the effects
             | of other drugs, etc.) is associated with both substance use
             | disorders and use of other substances.
             | 
             | https://americanaddictioncenters.org/stimulants/amphetamine
             | /...
        
           | yibg wrote:
           | Not enough money in it. It's not something that is taken
           | regularly for long term like ADHD meds, or something that
           | pretty much everyone uses at some point like antibiotics. If
           | psilocybin came in a pill, it'd be targeted to a relatively
           | small group of people for occasional use.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Not enough money in it_
             | 
             | Source?
             | 
             | The simple answer seems sufficiently explanatory.
             | Psilocybin is burended by its history as a recreational
             | drug. That creates pockets of motivated advocates against
             | it in a way that doesn't materialise for most drug
             | candidates.
        
               | wheels wrote:
               | Adderall is just speed, which also has a long history of
               | recreational usage. It was a widely used recreational
               | drug decades before it began being used for ADHD.
        
             | Liquix wrote:
             | it's also very easy to produce (grow) at home, further
             | decreasing $$$ potential for big pharma.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | The traditional HN way is to make up some "It's Just That
           | They Hate Us"[0] teenage conspiracy. The reality is this:
           | amphetamine was widely used medically for decades by the time
           | the Controlled Substances Act was passed. When these acts are
           | passed, governments are usually under pressure to not remove
           | access to things that people commonly use. Therefore, it was
           | scheduled in a category that recognized medical use. This
           | allowed the subsequent development of associated clinical
           | trials and so on. It is much harder to work with Schedule I
           | drugs than Schedule II drugs. So an accident of historical
           | timing is what caused the difference.
           | 
           | 0: This game is really tiresome. It's "capitalism". "They
           | just don't want to lose power". "There's no money in it".
           | Thought-terminating cliches. LLM-grade.
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | That the guy that was on Adderall was able to pay attention
           | to endless meetings and fill out forms and stick with it,
           | while the guy on mushrooms was not, is surprising to you?
        
         | pier25 wrote:
         | Oregon even started giving licenses for psilocybin therapy a
         | year or two ago.
         | 
         | https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/preventionwellness/pages/psilo...
        
         | teaearlgraycold wrote:
         | > at least not long-term
         | 
         | To be clear they absolutely do regularly provide short to
         | medium term depression relief (up to a few months). I also know
         | someone who had severe treatment resistant depression that was
         | cured long-term (at least years) from one dose.
        
       | jtrn wrote:
       | Welcome to year 30 of trying to prove psilocybin works for
       | psychiatric illness. And still in the pilot stage.
       | 
       | Even taking the data at face value, the trial cannot disentangle
       | the drug effect from expectancy, psychotherapy, and statistical
       | noise. The enormous effect sizes are almost certainly inflated,
       | multiple-comparison error is uncontrolled, and the participant
       | pool is highly self-selected. Until a preregistered, parallel-
       | group, active-placebo, adequately powered study with blinded
       | independent raters replicates these findings, their practical
       | value for routine cancer care remains minimal.
       | 
       | It's so interesting to see how strong the drive to prove
       | something works is, overriding everything. As a clinical
       | psychologist, I would welcome this kind of therapy if it worked.
       | But this is just sad. It's just like listening to people claim
       | that ivermectin can cure everything.
       | 
       | Show me one place where this therapy is conducted by people who
       | haven't "drunk the Kool-Aid," and I'll be impressed. It's so
       | frustrating to work with actual patients and see how much these
       | therapies really don't work in reality. These kinds of biased
       | studies pop up all the time without actually panning out. I'm
       | starting to think that people promoting therapy, giving false
       | hope, and spending money on research like this should be viewed
       | as corrupt and evil.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | To better appreciate his point, read "The Control Group Is Out
         | Of Control": https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/04/28/the-control-
         | group-is-o...
        
         | johndhi wrote:
         | Why do you say the effect sizes are inflated?
        
           | jtrn wrote:
           | Due to a small, self-selected sample, biased toward educated,
           | prior hallucinogen users, inadequate blinding, p-hacking via
           | uncorrected multiple tests on 17+ outcomes, and crossover
           | design flaws that confound long-term effects with intensive
           | therapy.
           | 
           | Similar psychedelic therapy claims--for LSD/psilocybin
           | alleviating cancer-related anxiety/depression--have echoed
           | since the 1950s-1970s, yet they've never panned out into
           | practical, scalable clinical therapies. This alone should
           | raise a MASSIVE Bayesian statistics red flag, due to prior
           | discount: with decades of unfulfilled hype. At this point new
           | evidence requires extraordinary proof to update our view.
           | 
           | If such massive effectiveness were true, it would blow what
           | we already have out of the water, and I would be the first to
           | promote it to my patients. But you know what they say when
           | something sounds too good to be true.
        
         | pas wrote:
         | FDA approved in 2018 for (treatment-resistant) depression?
         | 
         | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/compass-pathways-re...
         | 
         | ?
        
           | jtrn wrote:
           | https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-
           | dru... !
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | That's not what that means.
           | 
           | Breakthrough Therapy designation means they can continue to
           | study it with support.
           | 
           | It does not mean it's approved for depression.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Thank you for this. I am neither an advocate nor against
         | psychedelic use in therapy but as a person who has consumed
         | these things in the past, my own experiences make me entirely
         | skeptical of people who put on an advocacy hat around any
         | particular chemical. Especially psychedelics like psilocybin
         | which are _extremely_ unpredictable.
         | 
         | When I was a teen a friend gave me an analogy that stuck with
         | me. In much older computers (e.g. C64, Vic-20, etc), they'd
         | behave "interestingly" when you mucked around with the physical
         | circuit board or there was a fault. E.g. if something short
         | circuited because a screw was loose in the board, or a
         | cartridge was halfway in or a chip partially desocketed, etc.
         | Characters would appear in random places, or the machine go
         | through odd loops and so on. And to someone who didn't know how
         | the machine worked, there could be a certain "magic" and a
         | "pattern" to this. But clearly you'd be missing the point if
         | you thought you had "enhanced" the machine this way.
         | 
         | LSD and psilocybin are kind of like that, but for your brain.
         | They short circuit and alter pathways. In ways that can be
         | _entertaining_ but you 're entirely missing the point if you
         | try to assign a higher meaning to them.
         | 
         | Our brains are expert pattern-finding machines, and produce
         | causes and reasons even when there are none. For some there may
         | be value in the experience of altering the operation of your
         | brain to get yourself out of a stuck pattern, I guess. But I am
         | not sure the very random stochastic nature of the whole thing
         | is ... medicinal.
        
         | landl0rd wrote:
         | Most people involved in it are aware at some level that this is
         | at best suspect and at worst a deception designed to push
         | legalization. Same as the "health benefits of marijuana" crowd
         | who violently deny the risks, addictive nature, potential to
         | induce schizophrenia (temporary or permanent), tendency to make
         | people lazy and obese, etc.
         | 
         | Legalization has never been a question of "is this good for
         | people?"
        
           | jtrn wrote:
           | Plot twist, I'm for full legalization.
        
             | landl0rd wrote:
             | So am I, of both "hard" and "soft" drugs. I'm just pointing
             | out the ridiculous approach some people choose to take
             | rather than arguing from principled grounds. It's also a
             | dangerous one: "we shouldn't use state violence against
             | people who use X" is a moral position. "I'm going to spread
             | lies that may lead more people to use dangerous substance X
             | because I want to get high" is a very immoral one.
        
               | jtrn wrote:
               | I think I agree. But I come at it from a different angle.
               | I only care if proposed therapies actually work, when
               | people claim they do. I think the state has a horrendous
               | track record of deciding what people are allowed to do
               | with their own life. And I think drug enforcements are a
               | waste of resources. I think almost all drugs are terrible
               | and should never be taken. To me, all of these are
               | simultaneously true.
        
         | throwaway330935 wrote:
         | >Welcome to year 30 of trying to prove psilocybin works for
         | psychiatric illness.
         | 
         | That is true, but it misses some important nuance: the war on
         | drugs has effectively eliminated the ability for legitimate
         | researchers to do significant research on these criminalized
         | drugs.
         | 
         | For example, for me personally, a mild dose of marijuana is as
         | effective as Zolpidem (Ambien) as a sleep aid, but without the
         | lethargy and mental fog the next morning.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | _> the war on drugs has effectively eliminated the ability
           | for legitimate researchers to do significant research on
           | these criminalized drugs_
           | 
           | That's not true any more. We have a substantial body of data
           | already from clinical trials and a huge number of trials
           | currently in the pipeline. The results from completed trials
           | are quite equivocal - while psilocybin does appear to work as
           | a treatment for depression, anxiety and other common
           | psychological disorders, we have no evidence yet to suggest
           | that it is meaningfully more effective than current
           | treatments.
           | 
           | We have good reason to believe that psychedelics may be
           | useful for some patients in some circumstances, but the
           | widespread talk of a revolution in psychiatry is pure hype.
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=psilocybin&filter=pubt.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=psilocybin&aggFilters.
           | ..
        
         | emtel wrote:
         | I'm not saying you're wrong on the limitations of these
         | studies, but I also don't think it's unreasonable for people to
         | believe in the power of these drugs.
         | 
         | For many people (myself included) taking psychedelics was an
         | immediately life altering experience. I don't need any more
         | scientific validation that psychedelics helped me than I would
         | need to prove that touching a hot stove burned me. It's an
         | immediate and unmistakable effect that is wholly different from
         | any other experience I've had.
         | 
         | Now, proving that these drugs would be beneficial at a
         | population level may be an unanswered scientific question. But,
         | to quote you: "trying to prove psilocybin works for psychiatric
         | illness" - well, that's been done. The people who have been
         | helped have all the proof they need. I think the issues you've
         | raised are more properly targeted at the question "should we
         | recommend psilocybin treatment to depression patients more
         | broadly" which is in fact a much higher bar than "do they
         | work?"
        
           | jtrn wrote:
           | I can respect this view 100%. And your rephrasing, "Should we
           | recommend psilocybin treatment to depression patients more
           | broadly," is in perfect sync with my thinking, and the right
           | question to ask.
           | 
           | I would only add that it's extremely hard to know if
           | something actually works. There are seriously some
           | medications that people claim don't work, but objectively
           | they are healthier, happier, more social, more active, and
           | "better" on almost every objective measure. An example of
           | this is when you really have a good match with venlafaxine
           | for co-morbid panic disorder and depression.
           | 
           | Then there are drugs everybody claims are good for them, but
           | they almost never are, especially in the long run. Basically,
           | all of the benzo sleeping aids (in the context of chronic
           | use).
           | 
           | So I can't and won't say you are not right. But I hope you
           | permit me my goal of finding "objective" markers for saying
           | "something works." Because, to quote Murderbot, "Humans are
           | idiots!" (me included). And self-report is a notoriously
           | unreliable measure.
        
             | emtel wrote:
             | > But I hope you permit me my goal of finding "objective"
             | markers for saying "something works."
             | 
             | A very worthy goal!
        
       | yewenjie wrote:
       | The study mentions they administered 30 milligrams of psilocybin
       | for 70 kg of body weight. Does anybody know how many grams of
       | dried mushrooms that is equivalent to, roughly?
        
         | adamgordonbell wrote:
         | 2 to 5 grams dried psilocybe cubensis, per chatgpt.
        
           | TrackerFF wrote:
           | You'll be tripping balls on that amount. 5g is close to a
           | heroic dose.
           | 
           | EDIT: Never mind, didn't see that it was cubensis - which
           | might take more due to being weaker than regular wild
           | semilanceata.
        
             | throwaway330935 wrote:
             | I've been doing some recent research and testing, and
             | here's what I have found: I'm talking about the "Penis
             | Envy" strain, which is quoted as being ~30% more potent
             | than typical. 2g is the edge of where I start getting
             | visual artifacting, and only sometimes. 3g, which I have
             | not tried, was quoted as being towards the upper end of a
             | "theraputic dose", and 6g as the upper end of a
             | recreational dose. Some friends with much more experience
             | consider 1g to be microdosing, FWIW. 0.25g I can't feel at
             | all. .5g I start to feel some euphoria and 1g to 1.5g I
             | start to feel "high" but with no noticeable psychedelics or
             | just minor visual artifacting when I'm reading.
             | 
             | I don't really have anxiety or depression. I do have a
             | fairly high stress family life, wife and kiddos have lots
             | of issues. A few weeks ago I had 2g on an empty stomach on
             | a Sunday and I just listened to music for ~4 hours and it
             | was like I had a vacation. I hadn't enjoyed listening to
             | music so much for 20-30 years. Also, I seem to feel kind of
             | sleepy when I'm trippy, but afterwards I'm wide awake for
             | 4-5 hours. So evening dosing is best avoided.
             | 
             | It's kind of great, for me personally, living in a state
             | where it has been decriminalized.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Personal response may vary. At .15 grams of dried
               | mushrooms I can definitely feel effects, while still be
               | able to perform normal life functions.
        
           | mock-possum wrote:
           | And I'd consider about an eighth to be a dose, so that sounds
           | like it's in the right neighborhood.
        
             | throwaway330935 wrote:
             | I learned from an episode of "The Studio" that by "an
             | eighth" you are likely referring to an eighth of an ounce
             | is around 3.5 grams. Dude thought he got really mild shroom
             | laced chocolates ("an eighth of a gram") and much hilarity
             | ensued.
        
           | scellus wrote:
           | Here's a rough breakdown from Claude:
           | 
           | "[...] psilocybin converts to psilocin in the body at roughly
           | a 1:1 ratio by active effect [...]
           | 
           | Psilocybe cubensis (most common): Contains about 0.5-1.0%
           | psilocybin by dry weight. Since psilocybin converts to
           | psilocin in the body at roughly a 1:1 ratio by active effect,
           | 30mg of psilocin would be equivalent to roughly 3-6 grams of
           | dried P. cubensis.
           | 
           | Psilocybe semilanceata (liberty caps): Much more potent at
           | 1-2% psilocybin content, so you'd need only about 1.5-3 grams
           | dried.
           | 
           | Psilocybe azurescens: Even more potent at 1.5-2.5%
           | psilocybin, requiring roughly 1-2 grams dried.
           | 
           | Important caveats:
           | 
           | - Individual mushrooms within the same species can vary by
           | 3-5x in potency Growing conditions, harvesting time, and
           | drying/storage methods all affect potency
           | 
           | - The caps are typically more potent than stems
           | 
           | - Fresh vs. dried makes a huge difference (fresh mushrooms
           | are ~90% water)"
           | 
           | Have to note that the paper is from 2016; for those really
           | interested, it's good to read recent review papers.
        
             | sampl3username wrote:
             | @grok is this true????
        
               | scellus wrote:
               | lol
        
             | skeezyboy wrote:
             | there was a study recently showing no difference in caps v
             | stems
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | I don't know if that's true or false, but I would certainly
           | not trust chatgpt blindly in this case.
        
         | Joel_Mckay wrote:
         | That is the problem with clandestine pharmacy by Florida man,
         | as people may get the wrong dose or a mixture of various other
         | poisons like arsenic (see dark web article.)
         | 
         | When ready, please talk with your doctor first. =3
        
         | awithrow wrote:
         | A good ballpark for dried shrooms is roughly 1% psilocybin by
         | weight of dried shroom, so about 3g. That said, it's going to
         | vary a lot shroom to shroom, genetic to genetics, and species
         | to species. Could be as high as 6g for more mild strains and as
         | low a 1g for something like pan cyans.
        
       | bowsamic wrote:
       | For me it did the opposite, made me suicidal when I'd never felt
       | that way before. I didn't even have particularly bad trips or
       | anything.
        
       | mehphp wrote:
       | Anecdotally, I didn't get severe anxiety and panic attacks until
       | immediately after trying mushrooms. I didn't even have a bad
       | trip, but the next day something was off and I never truly
       | recovered from that.
        
         | krzat wrote:
         | Psychodelics allow brain to change, but the change is not
         | guaranteed to be positive.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | Exactly. This is why I hate it when psychonauts push the
           | "there are no bad trips" angle. It's a lie, and psychedelics
           | can have a long lasting negative impact on the brain in some
           | cases.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | Following the logic, though, it could be undone with a
             | positive experience on psychedelics...
        
               | Trasmatta wrote:
               | Or you could have further triggering experiences
        
         | spiralcoaster wrote:
         | I had this exact same experience. It felt like it opened the
         | door to panic attacks, and I had a few of them in the years
         | that followed.
        
         | selectodude wrote:
         | I have way too much mental illness in my family to ever
         | consider trying psychedelics.
        
           | Joel_Mckay wrote:
           | In general, even with genetically inherited disorders your
           | chances of developing most conditions drop from 54% to less
           | than 18% in low stress environments.
           | 
           | Epigenetics are weird, but if you are past 35 without
           | symptoms than you should be fine without medication (know
           | several people that weren't as lucky.)
           | 
           | Stay healthy friend =3
        
             | landl0rd wrote:
             | "18% chance you go from depressed to schizophrenic" (in
             | reality this risk is going to vary across a distribution of
             | risk) is still not favorable odds the way I see it.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | I have a buddy that ended up in a ward, and still phones
               | from time to time.
               | 
               | The 3rd generation medications keep his cycles under
               | control fairly well. Note, prior to being processed by
               | our medical system. These same a--hole sycophantic
               | dealers would target vulnerable people with BS treatments
               | all the time.
               | 
               | Talk with your doctor, get out for a walk every morning,
               | and try out cognitive behavioral therapy when you are
               | ready. =3
               | 
               | A funny post about what not to do:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LO1mTELoj6o
        
               | landl0rd wrote:
               | I have a family member who has never been alright due to
               | moderate psychedelic and heavy marijuana use in college.
               | Maybe some people are fine, sure, and maybe this is even
               | a rare outcome, but the denialism bothers me when I
               | personally know that they can, at some unknown rate, turn
               | someone schizophrenic and ruin his life. I wish we could
               | get him treatment but he's not high-grade enough to be
               | involuntarily committed but paranoid schizophrenics who
               | hate and distrust their family don't respond well to "hey
               | we should get you treatment."
               | 
               | I have a friend from college who smoked too much
               | marijuana during lockdown back in India. Thankfully the
               | insanity cleared up after a few weeks to a month clean of
               | it, but not all are so lucky.
               | 
               | The denialism and propaganda campaigns bother me. As pro-
               | legalization as I am, I personally have never and will
               | never use drugs. They are dangerous and unnecessary, and
               | I resent those who would influence others' decisions to
               | do something high-risk and potentially very damaging
               | because they want to get high.
        
               | skeezyboy wrote:
               | > I have a friend from college who smoked too much
               | marijuana during lockdown back in India. Thankfully the
               | insanity cleared up after a few weeks to a month clean of
               | it, but not all are so lucky.
               | 
               | I would love to meet one of these people that lose their
               | minds in such a short time on drugs. I know they exist
               | but I just want to see the reality of it.
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Some have genetic vulnerability to addictions, and others
               | latent disorders do manifest.
               | 
               | Very common side-effect for people that try strong
               | hallucinogens and or use malformed neurotransmitters.
               | 
               | The find-out part happens later =3
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Many people with psychiatric challenges (both acute or
               | chronic disorders) will often seek self-medication
               | options. Marijuana is indeed a mild hallucinogen, but you
               | are correct in that many hard drugs can trigger a
               | psychotic episode. Often illegal dealers lace the stuff
               | with addictive compounds that cause severe problems
               | during withdrawal.
               | 
               | Having a family member with active untreated disorders
               | can tilt the odds out of ones favor, but those with
               | intellectual gifts also tend to be more resilient to such
               | situations.
               | 
               | >The denialism and propaganda campaigns bother me
               | 
               | Understandable, after a few years people see the same
               | excuses, exploitive scams, and rhetoric. The Sackler
               | family ruined a lot of lives to capture that money, and I
               | guess a few psychopaths saw a business opportunity.
               | 
               | Best of luck =3
        
               | foobiekr wrote:
               | I will up front say that while I advocate taking
               | mushrooms to depressed people, and said so elsewhere, I
               | would not recommend them to _young people_.
               | 
               | But I think you might be missing the forest for the
               | trees: unlike mushrooms, there is a _ton_ of research on
               | pot specifically that illustrates that heavy use in the
               | young is extremely detrimental to their mental health,
               | especially young men. The studies on psilocybin/psilocin
               | do not show this.
               | 
               | That said, Michael Pollan has a quote in one of his books
               | that foes along these lines: coming to psychedelics in
               | old age, when you are set in your ways and everything is
               | locked in, helps you break out and reconsider things, but
               | young people don't have those things, so the value is
               | mostly absent.
        
             | codingdave wrote:
             | > in low stress environments.
             | 
             | How many people live in low stress environments these days?
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | Even Elmo has changed:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rbk7leQdxbo
               | 
               | Go outside, stop watching media, and meet real people.
               | lol =3
        
               | skeezyboy wrote:
               | come on man, youre sat here posting on hacker news....
               | its all a bit jordan petersons 12-rules-for-someone-
               | elses-life
        
               | Joel_Mckay wrote:
               | waiting for the build... paid to wait... rather be
               | golfing... lol =3
        
               | inanutshellus wrote:
               | "there's an XKCD for everything"
               | 
               | https://xkcd.com/303/
        
           | landl0rd wrote:
           | Ditto. They contributed to long-term trashing the psyche of a
           | relative and we have a really strong history of such issues,
           | stuff like schizophrenia that they can trigger. It's an under
           | appreciated risk.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | Similar. Was over a decade ago. Not easy, but gradually gets
         | better. Sorry to hear about it, it's not something I'd wish on
         | anyone.
        
         | kbos87 wrote:
         | Yes, the one time I've tried mushrooms it was a very unpleasant
         | experience. For weeks I was left feeling like I had done some
         | permanent damage to my mental health. I eventually got past
         | that feeling and there might be a point I try them again, but
         | not without professional guidance. Psilocybin is powerful and
         | not a remotely recreational thing (for me at least.)
        
           | LakesAndTrees wrote:
           | The first time I tried them, it was like I peaked behind the
           | "curtain" in the Wizard of Oz, and knew even in that moment
           | I'd never be able to unsee or forget it. It was the
           | equivalent of being a child and realizing Santa didn't
           | actually exist.
           | 
           | Life as I had known it, the things that then animated me,
           | were "shown" to be a pantomime - a joke. It was tremendously
           | sad, and - for better or worse - I've never been the same
           | since.
           | 
           | Maybe it was a coming of age experience - something I would
           | have more painfully experienced later anyway. But it cost
           | something significant. It changed me. Still, some 25 years
           | later, I don't know if it was for the better.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | thanks for sharing that
        
         | throwmeaway222 wrote:
         | Thank you for posting this. While not everyone's experience is
         | the same, after hearing all the hype I was inching closer to
         | trying this... but this confirms that it's not a magic bullet
         | and there are dangers. I don't have any specific mental issues
         | right now, so there's also probably no reason to try it. The
         | only thing I wish for, at 45 yo, is to have a faster to adapt
         | mind like I had when I was younger.
        
         | andoando wrote:
         | And I've gotten far worse effects from weed than shrooms or LCD
         | weirdly enough.
        
         | superfrank wrote:
         | I've did a bunch of recreational drugs growing up, but
         | mushrooms were the only one that I swore off forever. It just
         | didn't sit well with me and would lead to a ton of anxiety both
         | during and after taking them.
         | 
         | I think it's too easy for people to get caught up in the idea
         | that these are miracle cures and forget that, just like with
         | any drug, the effects will be different for different people.
         | I'd love for it to be available for people who are seeing
         | benefits, but I don't think there's any shame in people saying,
         | "that doesn't work for me"
        
       | IceDane wrote:
       | ... In patients about to die from cancer. This title is
       | disingenuous.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | You think depression knows about cancer?
        
       | thisismyswamp wrote:
       | To be fair, so did a lobotomy. I believe close attention should
       | be paid to any unintended outcomes of a therapy that the patient
       | themselves would no longer be able to identify due to the nature
       | of the treatment itself.
        
         | sebmellen wrote:
         | Psilocybin is about the 180-degree opposite of a lobotomy, just
         | from a purely mechanical perspective. And it certainly feels
         | that way qualitatively as well.
        
           | thisismyswamp wrote:
           | organic systems seek points of equilibrium, with veering too
           | much off in any axis being detrimental
        
             | gavmor wrote:
             | Yes, although--within a specific range--mild "hormetic"
             | stress or departure from baseline can lead to adaptive and
             | beneficial effects in organic systems.
             | 
             | Hormesis is characterized by a biphasic dose-response:
             | _low-level_ exposures to stressors (toxins, temperature,
             | exercise, dietary restriction, etc.) are those which
             | stimulate adaptive beneficial responses, eg exercise,
             | ischemic preconditioning (short bouts of reduced blood flow
             | improving tissue resilience), and dietary energy
             | restriction.
             | 
             | Rather than negating homeostasis, we can say that hormesis
             | "refines" it: mild, intermittent stress can make us
             | resilient through larger future perturbations.
        
         | itomato wrote:
         | A patient doesn't metabolize a lobotomy.
        
           | thisismyswamp wrote:
           | they don't have to as there's no ingestion of the therapeutic
           | agent
        
       | Aurornis wrote:
       | Anecdotally, I know several people who have tried mushrooms
       | and/or ayahuasca for depression in recent years and their results
       | are nothing like the glowing Internet reports.
       | 
       | The worst case is a friend who became disconnected from reality
       | for a very long time. Went from atheistic to believing in
       | mystical ideas. He thought he was able to see and sense things
       | that we could not, like auras and secret messages. He was getting
       | better last time we checked but he's hard to get in contact with
       | now. No prior hints of psychosis or family history, just a
       | psychedelic induced mental illness.
       | 
       | The other anecdotes were not as dramatic, but also not as
       | positive or free of side effects as studies like this one would
       | make you think. Multiple stories of extended periods of
       | derealization or anxiety attacks that started after the trip.
       | There are similar comments here throughout this comment section.
       | 
       | There was a time when sharing these negative stories was met with
       | disbelief and downvotes. I think as it's becoming more common
       | people are realizing that the interaction between psychedelics
       | and depression isn't as great as it seemed for a few years when
       | they were virtually being promoted by podcasters and social media
       | influencers as a novel cure for depression.
        
         | hattmall wrote:
         | Psychedelics are basically like shock therapy.
         | 
         | The whole ketamine thing though is even crazier at least with
         | psychedelics there is a forced introspection and very little
         | addictive nature.
        
         | chuckadams wrote:
         | I think a lot of the negative reception to negative anecdotes
         | were because they were often in the context of legalization. "I
         | know someone who went crazy after trying $foo so we should
         | still lock people into iron cages just for the crime of
         | possessing it." Debate tends to get polarized when doors are
         | being kicked down. Academic studies that are disconnected from
         | culture wars don't tend to provoke such responses, probably
         | because they don't tend to reach the general public in the
         | first place.
        
           | landl0rd wrote:
           | Which is a terrible strategy actually. People did the same
           | with marijuana. "Dude it's medicine lol. Dude it can't
           | possibly contribute to schizophrenia. Dude weed lmao."
           | 
           | All this does is create a credible argument that the pro
           | legalization crowd are objectively lying to people and
           | therefore untrustworthy.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | Its natural! therefore God made it for us to consume
             | braaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhh
             | 
             | just ignore things like cyanide, and mercury
        
             | chuckadams wrote:
             | When it comes to truthful arguments, the anti-legalization
             | crowd historically hasn't stood on very firm ground either.
             | I think we can agree that perhaps with the heat dialed down
             | a bit, we're allowed to have grown-up conversations now.
        
           | Aurornis wrote:
           | > because they were often in the context of legalization. "I
           | know someone who went crazy after trying $foo so we should
           | still lock people into iron cages just for the crime of
           | possessing it."
           | 
           | I think that's what people thought when reading negative
           | anecdotes, but I definitely didn't see a lot of suggestions
           | that we lock people up.
           | 
           | The same thing happened for marijuana: Any mention of
           | negative effects would bring downvotes, scorn, and disbelief
           | pre-legalization. Then once it was legal it became acceptable
           | to say that marijuana wasn't a panacea and using a lot of it
           | was actually a problem.
           | 
           | Before this change, it was common to read highly upvoted
           | anecdotes here and on Reddit claiming everything from
           | medicinal properties to fixing depression to improving
           | driving skills (an actual claim I saw here and on Reddit
           | multiple times). Now it's widely acceptable that frequent
           | marijuana use is not good for mental health and wellbeing,
           | but that was once a thing you could not say on the internet.
        
             | chuckadams wrote:
             | > definitely didn't see a lot of suggestions that we lock
             | people up.
             | 
             | Nobody had to suggest that, it was the law of the land
             | already. Hyperbolic argument is hyperbolic ("iron cages"
             | was a bit of a tip-off) but consequences short of
             | imprisonment were typically some other state-run means of
             | destroying one's career, family, and/or life. Pointing out
             | that this isn't a good thing and isn't actually working
             | somehow made you into The Enemy Of Decency. And while
             | there's still lots of Drug Warriors out there who still
             | think that way, I'm encouraged at the increasing avenues
             | for actually productive discussion. Seems to be the one
             | politically-charged topic that isn't getting _more_ toxic
             | these days.
        
         | Levitz wrote:
         | I'm sure it's nothing like a panacea, but I've lost count of
         | the times in which getting some context behind a report of a
         | bad experience shows recklessness or just plain old bad
         | decisions.
         | 
         | It also works the other way around, people even talk about how
         | years of therapy didn't help but psilocybin did, and few seem
         | to consider that _maybe_ it was a combination of both? Perhaps
         | all of that therapy that  "didn't help" set the stage for
         | something else.
         | 
         | General problem with anecdata I guess.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | I don't know if people have forgotten all the lessons from the
         | 60s, but set and setting are still extremely important for what
         | kind of experience you are going to have.
        
         | pegasus wrote:
         | That's why use should be done in a controlled setting, with an
         | experienced guide (ideally a therapist).
        
       | phyzix5761 wrote:
       | Anecdotal, but I know someone who suffered major depression and
       | was hospitalized multiple times. Their medication wasn't working
       | and neither was therapy.
       | 
       | They discovered mindfulness meditation and in combination with
       | becoming a more moral person, limiting music, eliminating social
       | media and unwholesome entertainment, and practicing small acts of
       | charity multiple times per week they were able to overcome their
       | depression. It's been almost 15 years since they've had any
       | symptoms.
        
         | vonneumannstan wrote:
         | "Just be a better person" is not real treatment advice lol.
        
           | phyzix5761 wrote:
           | The way they've explained it is that immorality is usually
           | based on desire and aversion. And constantly giving in to
           | these things creates a dependence where we're never satisfied
           | with what we have. Having a structured moral code that allows
           | for observing these mental qualities without giving in to
           | them eventually leads to their reduction because we're
           | breaking the habit pattern. Once your desires and aversions
           | are reduced then you become more satisfied with what you
           | have; ie eliminating depression in their case.
        
             | echelon_musk wrote:
             | Pali terms for anyone interested in the "source code" of
             | the modern Mindfulness Movement that allows you to look up
             | the original Pali technical terms:
             | 
             | > [unskilful] _desire_
             | 
             | tanha (The second Noble Truth)
             | 
             | > _aversion_
             | 
             | dosa
             | 
             | > _we 're never satisfied_
             | 
             | dukkha (The first Noble Truth)
             | 
             | > _moral code_
             | 
             | sila
        
           | sctb wrote:
           | You added the "just". Becoming a better person is probably
           | the best thing you can shoot for, though obviously it's not a
           | trivial process and requires significant effort and
           | intention. I mean, what else can you do? You're the one that
           | has to live with yourself.
           | 
           | Even if the whole world is going to shit, if you desire the
           | happiness and wellbeing of others, as a deep internal
           | orientation, this itself is its own form of happiness which
           | is not subject to anything external. Since this thread
           | already has Buddhist vibes, you don't have to take my word
           | for it and can refer to metta (loving-kindness) as its own
           | practice in addition to mindfulness.
        
             | phyzix5761 wrote:
             | The really interesting part is they are Muslim. They said
             | that learning about Buddhism helped them understand the
             | core of Islam and helped everything click into place.
             | 
             | I think learning about different cultures and religions can
             | unlock perspectives which enhance whatever we're currently
             | practicing.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The native Muslim tradition akin to what mindfulness
               | meditation is doing would be Sufism. There are still Sufi
               | traditions extant, but in many places they're being
               | attacked by militant Islamic fundamentalists.
        
           | krzat wrote:
           | Actionable advice: be generous and notice how it feels. Then
           | just be nice for the pleasant satisfaction it gives.
        
         | seneca wrote:
         | That makes a lot of sense. May I ask, why "limiting music"? Was
         | it just a specific type of music, or did music in general have
         | a negative effect?
        
           | phyzix5761 wrote:
           | The way they've explained it is that we listen to music
           | because we have a desire for sensual pleasure. And constantly
           | giving in to desires, in general, creates a dependence where
           | we're never satisfied with what we have. This
           | dissatisfaction, when it becomes strong enough, leads to
           | depression.
           | 
           | They practiced something called guarding their senses where
           | they limited the amount of sensual pleasures they exposed
           | themselves to and this calmed down their mind down to the
           | point where even small things like the taste of ordinary food
           | or having a conversation with a friend felt really
           | satisfying.
        
             | echelon_musk wrote:
             | Pali terms for anyone interested in the "source code" of
             | the modern Mindfulness Movement that allows you to look up
             | the original Pali technical terms:
             | 
             | > _guarding their senses_
             | 
             | indriyasamvara
             | 
             | > _calmed down their mind down_
             | 
             | samadhi / samatha
        
               | pegasus wrote:
               | In western/modern terms, dopamine fasting.
        
           | mezzie2 wrote:
           | Music I like is a huge dissociative trigger for me. I
           | definitely am 'better' the less I listen to it. Luckily, I'm
           | not usually that fond of music of the type that plays in
           | public areas.
        
           | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
           | I hung out with some (Vietnamese Zen) buddhist monks at their
           | monastery for a bit, and it was really interesting how they
           | really strive to limit sensory indulgences that take their
           | awareness away from what's happening right here, right now.
           | 
           | They didn't just cut out the obviously mindless things like
           | television and social media, but music, small talk, and even
           | books were considered things to be consumed in moderation,
           | because they were striving to spend as much time as possible
           | each day really focused on the present moment.
        
         | echelon_musk wrote:
         | Pali terms for anyone interested in the "source code" of the
         | modern Mindfulness Movement that allows you to look up the
         | original Pali technical terms:
         | 
         | > _becoming a more moral person_
         | 
         | sila
         | 
         | > _mindfulness_
         | 
         | sati
         | 
         | > _acts of charity_
         | 
         | caga / dana
        
           | skeezyboy wrote:
           | > becoming a more moral person oh you mean like ISIS bringing
           | back the caliphate?
        
             | echelon_musk wrote:
             | I am referring to Buddhist ethics and this has nothing to
             | do with Muslim Sharia law or the re-establishment of
             | caliphates.
             | 
             | If you are genuinely interested in what I am referring to
             | then you can search for pancasila (The Five Precepts) which
             | form the foundation of Buddhist ethics/morality/virtue.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _pancasila (The Five Precepts) which form the
               | foundation of Buddhist ethics /morality/virtue_
               | 
               | Isn't it more accurate to call it an early commonality of
               | Early Budhism than a foundation [1]?
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_precepts#History
        
       | neom wrote:
       | FWIW: Got me sober and I think: kept me sober. Psilocybin is some
       | powerful stuff tho, do recommend if people want to try it for
       | "issues" - you seek someone who knows what they are doing first.
        
       | baerrie wrote:
       | Taking psychedelics allowed me to shed years of guilt and my own
       | historic personality to become a more open and grateful person. I
       | think some people have psychologies built on strong foundations
       | that if shaken by psychedelics, cause more harm than good. The
       | people who psychedelics help are those with more suggestible
       | psyches that want change.
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | > own historic personality
         | 
         | What do you mean by this?
        
           | baerrie wrote:
           | I meant to say historical personality. I thought I had heard
           | about this type of ego-death when reading some of the early
           | pioneer's works but can't find a mention. Basically it was
           | the idea of who I was that had built up over time based on
           | people's assumptions, judgements, and the way they treated
           | me. My built up idea of self was enforcing negative looping
           | behavior patterns until tripping freed me from that past
           | idea, my historical personality. This led to me feeling a
           | more open and unburdened sense of identity, allowing my idea
           | of self to be an unfolding story rather than someone else's
           | half-telling
        
       | tbirdny wrote:
       | And it might slow aging:
       | https://x.com/bryan_johnson/status/1943824432419811437
        
       | sibeliuss wrote:
       | I have a family member who participated in this trial and their
       | life was utterly transformed, from top to bottom. And it resolved
       | a lot of _other_ unrelated issues in a totally unexpected way.
       | 
       | They describe their participation as the most meaningful event of
       | their lives, second to the birth of their children.
       | 
       | (Stage 4 metastatic lung cancer -- and still kicking nearly 10
       | years later ;)
        
       | pxc wrote:
       | Does anyone know if any similar treatments are currently
       | available or if there are any ongoing or pending such studies?
       | Someone in my life is a cancer patient who could potentially
       | benefit from this.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Just buy some mushrooms and turn on some Allman Brothers.
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | My dad is a boomer who's strongly (and I think uncritically)
           | against non-medical use of all drugs except alcohol (and he
           | himself doesn't drink). He would be hesitant to do this under
           | medical supervision, but he definitely wouldn't just do it
           | "on his own".
           | 
           | Besides, he's kind of a closed off person who has a lot of
           | emotions he just avoids dealing with, even more so since the
           | cancer diagnosis. He definitely needs a trip sitter, but he
           | has few friends (certainly none who could do that
           | competently), and no one in our family could fulfill such a
           | role for him. Maybe I could for someone else, but my
           | relationship with him is too complicated for me to do that
           | job well, I think. :-\
           | 
           | To top it off, my dad's cancer is in his liver, even though
           | he never drank much at all for dietary reasons (he was on a
           | strict keto diet for ages). I would worry about the
           | possibility of toxicity with introducing new drugs without
           | medical supervision.
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | Oregon, Colorado and New Mexico have legalized psilocybin for
         | supervised medical use. There are a number of clinical studies
         | that might be relevant and are recruiting or soon to recruit
         | participants.
         | 
         | https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=cancer&aggFilters=sta...
        
           | pxc wrote:
           | Thank you so much. I have no familiarity with the appropriate
           | search tools for this kind of thing. It's really great that
           | we have a tool like this. Thank you for introducing me to it!
        
       | aristofun wrote:
       | Do you really need to be a doctor to realize that this type of
       | drugs makes someone's mood better?
        
       | yieldcrv wrote:
       | Another positive anecdote for me
       | 
       | I am more empathic for weeks after doses of psilocybin. Getting
       | there doesn't rely on any hero trips, no fractals, just maybe to
       | the point of seeing more vibrant lights for a few hours. They
       | used to hurt my stomach which would throw off a trip while
       | dealing with that, and I still avoid eating stems, but it looks
       | like I have tolerance to that now.
       | 
       | Nothing supremely insightful, I mostly ignore my mind's attempts
       | at epiphanies and the false feelings of clarity, I wait till
       | music festivals to consume them and just enjoy the vibrant lights
       | and echo-ing sounds. Just to the point where conversations and
       | ambient noises from further away than expected are being
       | amplified and spliced in to things happening much closer to me.
       | 
       | Recreationally, I like the people I attract when I'm feeling the
       | effects of psilocybin. I'm far too analytical in default mode,
       | not nearly as much as when I was a bit younger, but still a far
       | cry from where I would prefer to be. Its like I "null route" all
       | of that and am more present to how people feel or want to feel.
       | Its kind of crazy and obvious when it wears off, I respond to
       | stimuli differently, or ask about things I don't really want to
       | ask about. Less "vibes" in the moment and more "analyze" like
       | noticing incongruences in people's lives and asking about that as
       | a form of smalltalk, when it would be better off ignored. People
       | respond normally, but I can tell it doesn't give them a spark of
       | warmth like the vibes version of me does. Wasn't a goal or
       | something I was aiming to work on, just a side effect I noticed
       | over time.
       | 
       | I also use other kinds of psychedelics but I didn't want to
       | pollute this comment with more anecdotes.
        
       | pstuart wrote:
       | I did a medically supervised psilocybin treatment and it was a
       | glorious adventure but had no lasting effect.
       | 
       | Ketamine was equally "experiential" but actually had lasting
       | impact. It's a pity it's challenging to come by, as one can DIY
       | the former.
        
       | cantSpellSober wrote:
       | > a high dose (22 or 30 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin
       | 
       | What is this compared to a recreational dose? Are these patients
       | getting high as part of their treatment?
        
       | psyclobe wrote:
       | Psychedelics put me in Heaven... and in Hell. Use wisely.
        
       | RomanPushkin wrote:
       | Hello from cancer family.
       | 
       | It indeed decreases. When my spouse was diagnosed, they
       | prescribed her anti-depressants. We replaced them with
       | psilocybin. Never taken any anti-depressants.
       | 
       | We had a very serious case with multiple surgeries, chemos,
       | radiations. Not one, not two, and not ten or even twenty. MORE
       | than that.
       | 
       | The treatment still goes on, soon it is gonna be 5 years. With
       | ZERO anti-depressants. And I've learnt how to grow them, not
       | buying them.
       | 
       | So we don't need studies, we tested it the hard way, and it works
       | :) I can talk about it for hours.
        
         | Bluestein wrote:
         | I am sorry about the situation and hope it goes well. Hang in
         | there.-
        
           | RomanPushkin wrote:
           | Thanks! I just realized we're mostly feeling normal, maybe
           | even a bit more happy than average non-cancer family. It's
           | only the side effects that are uncomfortable: losing money, a
           | couple of jobs down the road, affected childhood of our 11
           | y.o., dealing with jerks, etc. Mood-wise psilocybin brought
           | us back to normal life, maybe even slightly better than it
           | was before :)
        
             | Bluestein wrote:
             | Happy to hear. Be well :)
        
       | aszantu wrote:
       | I used to Microdose psylocibin, ever 4. Day. Since I didn't hold
       | a job but did some daily routine, I knew it would be a slow day.
       | It actually worked really well.
       | 
       | One day I had a little too much. That day I was really productive
       | and obsessed with folds in clothing.
        
         | lukasb wrote:
         | Being obsessed with folds in clothing has a long, noble history
         | - check out Huxley's Doors of Perception
        
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