[HN Gopher] The patterns of elites who conceal their assets offs...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The patterns of elites who conceal their assets offshore
        
       Author : cval26
       Score  : 191 points
       Date   : 2025-07-17 19:09 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (home.dartmouth.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (home.dartmouth.edu)
        
       | ok_dad wrote:
       | Ok now find their hidden assets and take them. Criminals
       | shouldn't be allowed to get away with crime right? These are some
       | of the worst, IMO, as they rose on our backs and then turned
       | around and stole the fair share they owed to society via tax
       | cheating.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | This is on the level of "getting money out of politics" --
         | great idea, everyone excerpt the people who can do it agree.
        
         | ineedaj0b wrote:
         | money is not a finite supply. value is often created without
         | taking from others.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | Then why don't the uberwealthy focus on that instead of
           | stealing from the public?
        
             | Hasz wrote:
             | stealing easier.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Why do predators seek out the weaker animals in a hunt?
             | Nobody _wants_ to work harder than they have to: work
             | smarter not harder.
        
           | whatever1 wrote:
           | If you are hiding them then you did not pay the owed taxes to
           | cover for part of the externalities of your business
        
           | ninetyninenine wrote:
           | False. Value is finite.
           | 
           | Some geniuses think that value can be created out of thin
           | air. Like if an artist paints a painting.
           | 
           | No. This is false. The artist needs food to survive... he
           | needs money to buy food. Who paid him money for the art?
           | Another artist? So you can have a whole economy of artists
           | producing nothing but art (aka value) out of thin air and
           | they don't need to eat or buy food? You think that's actual
           | value? That's a non functional economy. Someone needs to
           | produce food in this economy. Someone needs to produce the
           | energy to make the paint to create the art.
           | 
           | When you follow the chain all "value" is connected to
           | something concrete. Energy, food, etc. And ALL of these
           | things are finite.
           | 
           | When you think of value it can be thought of as entropy. Any
           | action that lowers entropy requires an energy input.
           | 
           | That being said. Value is never created. It is always taken.
           | There are two root sources. The earth and the sun. All value
           | is sourced from mining energy from the earth or mining energy
           | from the sun. (Technically it all comes from the sun as
           | energy in the earth <oil> comes from the sun).
           | 
           | The issue with both of those sources is that the rate at
           | which energy can be taken as an upper limit. The sun can only
           | produce so much energy and we can only extract it at a
           | specific rate. The earth is the same, although the earth has
           | a much more smaller reservoir that can be used up in a
           | foreseeable future.
           | 
           | Just had to rant here. Because the idea that value can be
           | created out of thin air is just completely and utterly false.
           | You can overpay for something, but in the end when you follow
           | the chain... the creation of value is taken from limited
           | reservoirs of low entropy. Intuitively we are using something
           | up, and the scientific reality ALSO reflects this fact. Trust
           | your intuition, don't come up with convoluted ways around
           | this because it's FALSE.
           | 
           | PS: actually I was wrong about the earth. coal, geothermal
           | and nuclear energy are exclusively from the earth and not the
           | sun but these also have an upper limit and a limited rate of
           | extraction.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | You're using a computer. Somebody created that valuable
             | computer out of dirt and rocks.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | The energy cost needed to transform the dirt and rock and
               | the energy cost needed to create the body of knowledge
               | and skillset required to get to that point DID not come
               | out of thin air.
               | 
               | I said it once and I'll say it again. Follow the chain of
               | resource creation. There's a huge energy cost.
        
               | daedrdev wrote:
               | Yes, the sun bombards us with free energy that all energy
               | on the earth is sourced from, so dont worry about
               | accounting, since we clearly dont have the same amount of
               | wealth as 5000 years ago
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | There is no particular correlation between value creation
               | and energy consumption. Your theory is likely unique. I
               | could burn a log, releasing a lot of energy, and no value
               | would be created. I could carve a figure into a log and
               | create value.
        
               | nonchalantsui wrote:
               | Your examples disagree with your initial statement
               | actually. How did you get the log? How did you carve the
               | figure? Both of these require energy consumption, as we
               | aren't at the stage where we are magically planting trees
               | and teleporting them into our workspaces for
               | carving/burning.
        
               | ninetyninenine wrote:
               | It's not a theory bro. It's fact.
               | 
               | Take away all energy from this world. You get 0 value
               | creation. Everything is dead nothing can move.
               | 
               | That's the correlation. I don't understand why you're
               | using big words like correlation as if this is something
               | that needs to be studied. It's common sense imo.
        
           | markerz wrote:
           | But value creation isn't the point of taxes?
        
           | legitster wrote:
           | This is especially true if your wealth comes from capital
           | markets.
           | 
           | If I buy a bunch of baseball cards at 1c each and later it
           | turns out that the market values them at $100 each, I never
           | actually "took" money from anyone. Yes it's patently unfair
           | that I got that lucky, but it wasn't necessarily at anyone's
           | expense.
           | 
           | Now, when I actually go to sell those cards then I do
           | actually "take" money from someone else, but while those
           | gains are unrealized it's just paper wealth.
           | 
           | In such a case it's also not clear who I am "taking" from.
           | The person buying them off of me gave me the money, but you
           | could also say the baseball card company was exploited and
           | lost out on pricing their cards at $100?
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Because the seller left money on the table during a sale
             | because they misread the room when they set the price does
             | not mean the buyer exploited them.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | companies aren't baseball cards, their growth is tied
             | directly to work that the humans in the company do, and
             | they sure are paid for it, but if they were paid a fair
             | share of the company's profits then that increase in share
             | price would evaporate, because the workers would be getting
             | the rewards from the productivity.
             | 
             | In other words, you owe taxes on the capital gains because
             | someone is working to make those gains for you.
        
               | legitster wrote:
               | > their growth is tied directly to work that the humans
               | in the company do
               | 
               | They're linked but it's not 1:1. The whole point of a
               | corporation and a value-add economy is to do a force
               | multiplier on the cost of labor. It doesn't matter how
               | hard you work when digging with a shovel, a lazy guy with
               | an excavator will create value faster than you can.
               | 
               | The guy providing the excavator is currently keeping the
               | lion's share of the productivity gains, and that's not
               | good. But it's also not quite the same as saying _all_ of
               | the wealth comes from exploitation.
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | The value of the stock is the value of the corporation,
               | right? What's the value of it if you don't have humans to
               | man the factory? The only reason Capital has capital is
               | because they're hoarding it since the beginning of human
               | economics. If everyone shared equally then the guy with a
               | steam shovel becomes a team who built, bought, or traded
               | to get a steam shovel that they share to make their
               | collective load easier.
               | 
               | So in my world view, yes, all wealth is exploitative. No
               | one person can do enough work to earn millions and
               | billions more than others.
        
             | mauvehaus wrote:
             | > you could also say the baseball card company was
             | exploited and lost out on pricing their cards at $100?
             | 
             | The baseball card company is in the business of selling
             | lottery tickets. If there wasn't a secondary market for the
             | ones that get really valuable, they'd sell a lot fewer new
             | cards to people looking for a winning lottery ticket.
             | 
             | It's a weird business for them because they're selling
             | lottery tickets, but don't necessarily know which ones will
             | be winners. Although with all the statistics and moneyball
             | stuff, they'd sell a probably have a better idea now than
             | in the past.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > It's a weird business for them because they're selling
               | lottery tickets, but don't necessarily know which ones
               | will be winners.
               | 
               | I think it's more like gambling on horse races. They make
               | money by making the opportunity, and it's mostly the
               | participants who prey upon one another.
        
             | titzer wrote:
             | Money has no inherent value; it is just a currency, an
             | indirection, a promise. The economy must always bottom out
             | at a physical good or service. You can keep trading
             | promises of goods and services in various forms, but
             | ultimately you end up with the inescapable tyranny of
             | physical existence that is a closed system, with the one
             | exception that we get energy from the Sun and stored forms
             | of energy on this planet.
             | 
             | No wealth was created by "discovering value" or finding
             | someone with money to buy something that was already there
             | before. If this new person decided to spend $100 on a
             | baseball card, then they didn't spend money on something
             | else, so the market for those other things is naturally
             | going to price them lower. So the $100 came from
             | somewhere[1].
             | 
             | All of these open system chains of thought that assume any
             | "non-zero sum game" either improperly account for
             | devaluation of other goods or they assume accumulation of
             | labor, and typically add a side helping of assumed
             | exponential growth.
             | 
             | [1] Which is not say that _money_ cannot be created from
             | nothing. In fact, it is all the time. Debt--loans, stocks,
             | bonds, IOUs--is money creation.
        
             | fsckboy wrote:
             | > _Yes it 's patently unfair that I got that lucky_
             | 
             | it's not unfair since you took the risk of potentially
             | losing your original investment; you also put in the time
             | to learn about baseball cards, while other people were
             | interested in antiques and studied and bought those, also
             | with a risk that what they bought would decrease in value.
             | 
             | Can I interest you in some Beanie Babies?
        
           | diob wrote:
           | I'm not sure what you mean, do you mean resources aren't
           | finite?
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | The pie can always get bigger.
        
           | ok_dad wrote:
           | Value can be created from nothing, I am sure you can give an
           | example or two, but in general nothing large and valuable is
           | created without the effort of a lot of people together,
           | relying on the societal systems that are funded by taxes.
           | 
           | I suggest that you could count on one hand the number of
           | people in the entire history of humanity who could and would
           | hide this kind of wealth who didn't earn it through somehow
           | relying on others and/or society's structure.
        
           | grimblee wrote:
           | The planet's ressources are finite though. When you print
           | money, you don't create value, since there's still the same
           | amount of matter being traded around, you just reduce the
           | value of everybody's money. And so you rob everybody.
        
             | jsbg wrote:
             | You are conflating money and value. Value is infinite, e.g.
             | compare the world today to 200 years ago. Even relatively
             | poor people live better today than kings did then. Creating
             | value is not the same as printing money.
        
               | ccortes wrote:
               | Would we live with the same standards today if we had
               | never printed any money?
        
               | jsbg wrote:
               | arguably we would have better standards because it would
               | mean less spent on wars, which are pure destructions of
               | value
        
             | jpadkins wrote:
             | What natural resource are we running short of? Land might
             | be at the top of the list, but we are only utilizing 70% of
             | that. And if we get low on that, we just switch to aqua-
             | farming or floating cities. No one is hoarding all the
             | natural resources.
             | 
             | No argument that printing money devalues everyone else
             | (this is the definition of inflation). End the Fed.
        
           | jsbg wrote:
           | in fact value is created in every transaction: someone sells
           | something for more money than it's worth to them and someone
           | buys the thing for less money than the thing is worth to them
           | (otherwise the transaction would not occur)
        
             | kwk1 wrote:
             | > otherwise the transaction would not occur
             | 
             | Doesn't this assume perfect information?
        
               | jsbg wrote:
               | no, how is that relevant? someone has something to sell
               | for $1 that you value more than the $1 in your pocket so
               | you buy it; doesn't matter if someone a block away is
               | selling it for $0.50
        
             | snackbroken wrote:
             | > value is created in every transaction
             | 
             | Lots of transactions actually destroy value, they just do
             | so in a way that externalizes this cost.
             | 
             | A good example is advertising: companies are incentivized
             | to dump all available resources into marketing, because
             | those who don't get out-competed by those who do. It is a
             | winner-takes-all game where the strategy that maximizes
             | global value is nowhere close to being a Nash equilibrium.
             | 
             | A more extreme example would be hiring someone to go rob a
             | bank. No value is created (lots is destroyed) but both
             | parties to the transaction come out ahead.
        
           | ccortes wrote:
           | Value "creation" and money supply have nothing to do with
           | each other.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | Well the people who control enforcement are the elite. Right?
         | Trump is one of the elites. So you think they're going to
         | enforce anything? You think it will be easy?
         | 
         | No.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | The recoil from the Trump graft machine will control the
           | army.
           | 
           | None of this stuff is permanent.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | Cayman Islands is a tax haven
        
           | sleepybrett wrote:
           | It's a tax haven right up until, say, the us navy parks a
           | fleet on their doorstep.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | The US Navy isn't gonna want to piss off 80% or more of
             | Congress that way.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Also the fact the US Navy doesn't just make decisions on
               | its own to blockade another nation. It would do so under
               | orders. The person giving that order more than likely
               | would have accounts there themself. So that's very
               | unlikely to be an order ever actually given.
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Forget congress, probably half the first world's
               | leadership
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | The navy that exists to serve the ruling class that
             | certainly have their own wealth hidden in tax havens?
        
               | khurs wrote:
               | Cayman Islands, along with British Virgin Islands,
               | Jersey, Guernsey etc are all part of the UK.
               | 
               | And as allies of the USA, the navy ain't coming.
        
             | sershe wrote:
             | It would be a wonderful world if only people could force
             | those running a less dumb economy to abide by their dumber
             | rules. Wouldn't it be awesome if NK could park a navy
             | somewhere and make sure everyone does things for the
             | benefits of The People and not in whatever selfish way they
             | do them now?
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | What does this mean? What does it have to do with the comment
           | you're replying to?
        
           | lossolo wrote:
           | What's interesting about the Cayman Islands is that they are
           | the 4th largest holder of U.S. debt, with $441 billion[1].
           | 
           | So USD flows into Cayman banks, and those banks need to do
           | something with the massive amounts of money just sitting
           | there. So what do they do? They buy U.S. Treasuries. And half
           | a trillion dollars is just their holdings in U.S. debt,
           | imagine how much more money is hidden in those accounts and
           | invested in other assets.
           | 
           | 1. https://ticdata.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-
           | cent...
        
         | tejohnso wrote:
         | > find their hidden assets and take them
         | 
         | Asset security is exactly one of the reasons people seek
         | foreign shelters. If you've got a ton of value to control, you
         | want it to be secure, and sometimes your own government is the
         | primary threat.
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | Your reasoning is the exact reason that they left in the first
         | place.
        
           | rectang wrote:
           | "We don't pay taxes; only the little people pay taxes."
           | 
           | -- Leona Helmsley
        
           | haizhung wrote:
           | They can leave, their assets can not.
        
       | kylecazar wrote:
       | The study:
       | 
       | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | All I'm mad about is I don't have access to the same sorts of
       | instruments. I pay an _excessive_ amount of taxes that return at
       | like a 0.0001% for society. I could make 12% on them and give 5%
       | directly at a much better rate.
        
         | wizzwizz4 wrote:
         | If you're making that 12% exploitatively (which _most_
         | ludicrously-high-interest  "investments" are), that's a net
         | harm for society. (A smaller-scale example, to aid with
         | intuition: there once was a lung cancer charity which funded
         | the promotion of cigarettes, to increase the dividends of
         | cigarette stocks, so they had more resources with which to help
         | lung cancer victims.)
         | 
         | Money isn't real: it's an abstraction. What it's an abstraction
         | _for_ , on the other hand, is _very_ real. Don 't confuse the
         | map and the territory.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Higher returns always come with higher risk. This is not
           | exploitation, nor do high risk investments harm society.
           | 
           | Musk, for example, invested hundreds of millions into Tesla,
           | his entire fortune. Soon afterwards, he was within hours of
           | personal and business bankruptcy.
           | 
           | SpaceX also was one explosion away from total bankruptcy.
           | 
           | Say what you will about Musk, the man has a lot of guts.
           | Without those guts, there'd be no Tesla and no SpaceX and no
           | Starlink.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | How is 'exploitatively' defined? I have seen it used as
           | 'literally anything that makes a profit is exploitation by
           | definition' crap used unironically often enough that
           | 'exploitation' itself has become a major red flag (no pun
           | intended). Those users of such definitions just love those
           | sorts of tautologies disguised as logic as it makes for a
           | nice and orderly world view to be able to make baseless and
           | frankly, batshit insane assumptions. Like 12% returns being
           | only possible through net harm to society. It is perfectly
           | normal for a successful small business to have a ROI of 25%
           | to 40%.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | Right: a successful small business where people are doing
             | _actual work_ can have a potentially-unbounded ROI.  "Money
             | makes money" schemes, on the other hand... the situations
             | where access to money is _genuinely_ worth 12% returns to
             | someone are slim. (If it 's a high-risk venture, then
             | that's not 12% returns _in expectation_ : "loan that we'll
             | write off if your venture fails" _is_ providing actual
             | value, under certain circumstances.)
             | 
             | Scams, cons, grifts, and destructive exploitation of common
             | resources, on the other hand? Those can get _massive_
             | numbers of monies out for every single number of money in.
             | So that 's where my mind goes, when someone talks about
             | "make 12% on [a pile of cash]".
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > I could make 12% on them and give 5% directly at a much
         | better rate.
         | 
         | You could. Would you, though?
         | 
         | History (milennia of it) says the average answer is "no".
        
           | exabrial wrote:
           | I already give 11% of my income away, so yes.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Is 10% of that a church tithe?
        
         | wing-_-nuts wrote:
         | Charity is not a replacement for a functioning government.
         | Assuming you're in the US, it's hard to argue that you're not
         | paying _far less_ than you should be, given how quickly we 're
         | running up the deficit.
         | 
         | I'm of the opinion that we should have a constitutional
         | amendment which limits debt to gdp to 80%. If the CBO indicates
         | we will breach that, congress has 8 years to get it back under
         | control before the CBO has the authority to ban officials from
         | public office if it's determined they voted in favor of the
         | legislation responsible for the breach. No doubt there are
         | problems around that. Someone smarter than me can fill in the
         | holes.
        
           | neilwilson wrote:
           | There's a big problem with that. The "deficit" is just the
           | liquid financial savings of the private sector.
           | 
           | The correct approach is to require all those people worried
           | about the "Debt" to hand over any liquid savings they have in
           | bank accounts or retirement funds. Since that is what is
           | causing it by accounting identity.
           | 
           | After all if they consider it to be such a problem they
           | should put their money where their mouth is.
           | 
           | Read The Deficit Myth by Stephanie Kelton to understand how
           | the system actually works.
           | 
           | Amusingly a larger deficit means government has more space to
           | spend, not less. People saving means they are not spending
           | which means resources are left underemployed.
           | 
           | Debt to GDP is not a relevant concern in a free floating
           | currency has Japan has demonstrated for decades.
        
         | hhmc wrote:
         | There is no risk free investment that will return you 12%. In a
         | year where you are down 30% are you still contributing 5% on
         | initial capital? If not, you are just constructing an
         | instrument where you only pass through downside risk
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | > There is no risk free investment
           | 
           | Fixed that for ya!
        
             | hhmc wrote:
             | For all practical purposes you can - and the world broadly
             | does - consider e.g. TBills to be risk free (or take your
             | favourite interbank lending rate etc etc).
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The US government has confiscated value from T Bills
               | before.
               | 
               | The government used to sell two bond types - dollar bonds
               | that paid off in dollars, and gold bonds that paid off in
               | gold. The gold bonds were safer and hence paid a lower
               | interest rate.
               | 
               | Enter FDR. FDR decided to pay off the gold bond holders
               | in dollars, not gold, and since the value of gold vs
               | dollars had diverged substantially, FDR confiscated the
               | difference.
               | 
               | That was the end of the phrase "sound as a dollar". Gee,
               | I wonder why nobody says that anymore!
               | 
               | The largest risk of TBills is that inflation will shrink
               | their value, and with catastrophic deficits that is a
               | very, very real risk. That's why I don't invest in bonds
               | or any investment that is denoted in dollars.
        
               | hhmc wrote:
               | This is heterodox opinion to modern financial theory.
               | You're welcome to hold it, I'm not interested in trying
               | to convince you otherwise -- I think it undermines the
               | larger point I'm trying to make in an unhelpful way.
        
         | jrflowers wrote:
         | That sucks, sounds like you might have to try to improve the
         | system that you live in. It's a shame that most people that
         | live in a society have to concern themselves with making things
         | better instead of gambling and promising some of the proceeds
         | to their pet causes
        
       | datahack wrote:
       | Just want to point out that this was all possible because of the
       | hard work of people at the icij. They do amazing work (same group
       | that did the Panama papers and one of the last real independent
       | investigative news organizations in the US) and deserve your
       | support!
       | 
       | More info here: https://www.icij.org/
       | 
       | As an aside, I would also ask this question: why not democratize
       | this and make billions using the same loopholes so that everyone
       | gains access or they are forced to fix it? Surely it's a good
       | startup opportunity.
        
         | delusional wrote:
         | > same group that did the Panama papers
         | 
         | Isn't the icij "just" a network of people already doing
         | investigative journalism who work on this stuff anyway? As in
         | it's just a place where investigative journalists can
         | meet/discuss investigations that cross borders? My impression
         | were that they were just normal journalists and that groups
         | then formed and disbanded based on interest within this
         | network.
         | 
         | I certainly love their work, and I think a network like that is
         | very important (we should probably have something similar for
         | software developers/IT people across Europe), calling them a
         | group seems wrong with my understanding though.
        
           | RamblingCTO wrote:
           | > we should probably have something similar for software
           | developers/IT people across Europe
           | 
           | what do you mean by that? support by doing data journalism?
           | more like hacktivism?
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | I'm thinking something much more boring than that.
             | Basically I think we could have a conference where a
             | participant could share some problem they are having that
             | they believe generalizes across other participants (maybe
             | some regulatory reporting requirement, or maybe some
             | question about implementing AI in sharepoint or whatever)
             | and the other participants could then sign up for further
             | discussion and participation in creating some software
             | systems that would solve the problem.
             | 
             | I'm thinking something akin to FRONTEX JAD's or that
             | conference the EU has where lawyers show up to discuss
             | cases they need EU assistance with.
             | 
             | Concretely, my company recently did a migration into Azure,
             | if we were at a meeting like that and somebody said they
             | were planning to do the same, we would have a bunch of
             | experience to share with them.
             | 
             | I imagine that could maybe help foster some shared European
             | understanding about what our big tech problems are. Maybe
             | we could even let the solutions end up as open source or
             | something.
        
           | phtrivier wrote:
           | True, but they also tend to be papers that can't consistently
           | rely on advertising, precisely because of their
           | investigations (publishing the deeds of corporate
           | billionaires is a great way to not get ads placed for
           | whatever the billionaire sells.)
           | 
           | So, at least subscribe to one of the papers !
           | 
           | (I know, sorry HN, I asked people to pay for a service that
           | could be financed by ads to gather more data - aka more food
           | for the algo. Sorry.)
        
           | input_sh wrote:
           | It's not one or the other, it's both. They both do original
           | reporting on their own and act as a loose network of smaller
           | investigative journalism organizations. It truly depends on
           | the task at hand, but it's usually very useful to get some of
           | the local investigative journalists involved, as they're the
           | ones that both understand the language and are able to put
           | the leaked data into context. Usually ICIJ is the one that
           | publishes the English version of the story and their local
           | partner(s) publish the same thing in the local language.
           | 
           | Actually, I'd say there's three such networks: ICIJ, GIJN and
           | OCCRP. They're not really competitors, each serving slightly
           | different purposes, and there's plenty of collaboration and
           | overlap between their members.
           | 
           | Source: I'm not in that world anymore, but I knew about
           | Panama Papers long before it was public and have my name in
           | the credits in some of the collaborations with ICIJ.
        
         | freed0mdox wrote:
         | The way I understand these schemes is that they require minimum
         | balance way above what an average person has to be effective,
         | but not sure. Would love a professional tax engineer/CPA
         | opinion.
        
           | rapnie wrote:
           | There was a documentary on Dutch TV a couple of years ago,
           | about 'DYI tax haven management' for common people. Can't
           | remember which public channel it was on, and what the name
           | was. Might have been part of "Tegenlicht" series.
           | 
           | Update: Maybe it was the program Rambam where the makers set
           | up their own tax haven based on the methods of the big
           | corporations. Information in Dutch:
           | 
           | https://pers.bnnvara.nl/rambam-ontduikt-belasting-met-
           | medewe...
        
             | snickerdoodle12 wrote:
             | Meanwhile the Netherlands is taxing the common people like
             | crazy, and politicians are talking about raising taxes even
             | more.
        
               | conception wrote:
               | The Netherlands also has the number two quality of life
               | in the world so maybe don't worry about it so much?
               | 
               | https://www.numbeo.com/quality-of-
               | life/rankings_by_country.j...
        
               | cyanydeez wrote:
               | it's weird when Americans day dream of giving tax breaks
               | to billionaires because they might be rich one day; it's
               | a another thing for people who ostensibly have the best
               | social system in the world looking at America and say "we
               | should do that".
        
               | snickerdoodle12 wrote:
               | There are plans for making mortgages more expensive by
               | removing tax deductions and for taxing inheritance a
               | whopping 75%. That is hardly giving tax breaks to
               | billionaire, more so screwing over anyone who isn't dirt
               | poor. Oh, and I'm already paying pretty much half my
               | income in various taxes.
               | 
               | Anyone who has a significant amount of money can avoid
               | these taxes, as always.
        
             | Bluestein wrote:
             | > Might have been part of "Tegenlicht" series.
             | 
             | Consistently the best thing on TV.-
        
           | khurs wrote:
           | No. Anyone can register a LLC in any of these places. They
           | have minimal filing requirements going forward too.
           | 
           | You may be required to have a local agent, and they will add
           | their address and names as the nominee shareholders so you
           | remain anonymous. Then with an LLC, the company can open bank
           | accounts and you can move money. Any money made offshore is
           | non-taxed locally.
           | 
           | No different to Delaware.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | > Surely it's a good startup opportunity.
         | 
         | I don't think there are many VCs willing to invest into this.
        
           | calgoo wrote:
           | Technically, if the VC and the startup is located in the
           | blacklisted country i don't see why not. Basically we will
           | start the torrent site like DNS witch hunt, but still
           | possible. I assume the "elites" would not be too happy and do
           | everything in their power to stop it?
        
         | AriedK wrote:
         | There's a fun documentary that explores this concept:
         | 
         | The Town That Took On The Tax Man https://youtu.be/ipV_GU7YaQg
         | 
         | It's about a Welsh town that set out to do just this.
         | Recommended watch.
        
         | cyanydeez wrote:
         | dont forget the hard work of congress nicely putting threading
         | loopholes, and the supreme court!
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | Is there a good primer on how this kind of offshoring works, for
       | people ? I have notions of how tax evasion / optimization works
       | (things like the irish-dutch sandwich, where you manage to
       | pretend that Google does not make any money in France because it
       | has to pay a very expensive license to Google Ireland , etc..)
       | 
       | But for offshoring, I'm clueless as to how manage to "reshore"
       | the money, so to speak, so that you can eventually... Spend it to
       | buy stuff. (Or isn't that the purpose of hiding the money ?)
        
         | stult wrote:
         | Brooke Harrington (one of the professors from the OP article)
         | has an excellent book on the topic, called Offshore.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Naive take, they never reshore, but take loans with assets as
         | collateral.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | That's my understanding of how modern money laundering works.
           | Can't move your money out of a particular bank due to
           | regulations? Use it as collateral to loan money to any other
           | entity you wish. Fancy.
           | 
           | I talked to someone recently who claimed to know someone
           | personally with 16,000 metric tons of gold. He claims that
           | there is waaay more gold than is officially on the books.
           | Hard to believe... but maybe not. He claims that there is
           | unbelievable wealth out there--many more hundred-billionaires
           | than official stats hold. Ok. Who knows?
        
             | cyberax wrote:
             | > 16,000 metric tons of gold
             | 
             | There are approximately 200,000 tons of gold ever mined in
             | total.
        
               | dr_dshiv wrote:
               | That's what he disputes...
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | It it isnt being used, it basically doesn't matters. The
             | only interpersonally relevant aspect is spending and
             | consumption.
             | 
             | If the guy living under the bridge has 1 million metric
             | tons of tons of gold they don't spend, it is functionally
             | equivalent to if they had none.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | >Is there a good primer on how this kind of offshoring works,
         | for people ?
         | 
         | There isn't. People with deep knowledge of this don't invest
         | their time writing blogs. Bit like OpenAI employees don't write
         | blogs about how to train world class models. It's just not a
         | thing.
         | 
         | There is an abundance of shrill articles by journalists writing
         | about it that derive their knowledge from other articles
         | written by journalists who in turn...
         | 
         | The big tech stuff flowing through Ireland is indeed lets call
         | it convenient for both ireland and big tech, but what people
         | don't realise is that chances are very high that their own
         | pension likely flows through offshore structuring too. These
         | places act as a central neutral clearing house of sorts that is
         | acceptable to a lot of jurisdictions so even actors not after
         | tax evasion use them.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > But for offshoring, I'm clueless as to how manage to
         | "reshore" the money, so to speak, so that you can eventually...
         | Spend it to buy stuff. (Or isn't that the purpose of hiding the
         | money ?)
         | 
         | Why would you reshore the bulk of funds? We're talking about
         | people for whom a couple of million is just spare money.
         | 
         | If you want to buy a company, you just use the offshore funds
         | directly. If you want to buy a major luxury good (a yacht or a
         | jet), you do the same and then just lease/rent it to yourself.
         | 
         | If you _absolutely_ need cash in the US, you can pay yourself
         | dividends and take a hit paying taxes on this amount only.
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | At the multinational level you never have to actually reshore
         | anything. The corporation buys things, or you take loans at
         | incredibly low interest rates using corporate assets as
         | collateral. Using made up numbers, imagine you take out a $1M
         | loan, you get charged 1% interest, you put up $2M in corporate
         | assets as collateral, and the corporation pays the bill
         | directly.
        
         | dh2022 wrote:
         | The way money is re-shored is whenever a US President (so far
         | only republican Presidents) decide to give companies a tax
         | holiday. So far Bush and Trump gave such holidays. Which means
         | that corporate treasuries only have to wait for the next
         | Republican president to re-patriate their off-shore cash.
         | During this time corporations usually use debt to service
         | dividend payments, share repurchases, and operating expenses in
         | the US.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_tax_holiday
        
       | layman51 wrote:
       | This is so surprising to see research on. It's also very brave.
       | It's the kind of investigation that could get a drone or a hitman
       | sent after the investigator.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | The elites know they're untouchable so they do nothing.
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Caruana_Galizia
           | 
           |  _Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (nee Vella; 26 August 1964 - 16
           | October 2017) was a Maltese writer, journalist, blogger and
           | anti-corruption activist, who reported on political events in
           | Malta. She was known internationally for her investigation of
           | the Panama Papers and subsequent assassination by a car bomb.
           | Caruana Galizia focused on investigative journalism,
           | reporting on government corruption, nepotism, patronage, and
           | allegations of money laundering, links between Malta 's
           | online gambling industry and organized crime, Malta's
           | citizenship-by-investment scheme, and payments from the
           | government of Azerbaijan. Caruana Galizia's national and
           | international reputation was built on her regular reporting
           | of misconduct by Maltese politicians and politically exposed
           | persons._
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | Shit, forgot about that. Thanks for the reminder.
        
             | v5v3 wrote:
             | It's why the Panama papers etc was done by a consortium of
             | journalists. Much safer as killing one journalist or two
             | doesn't make any difference to the end publication.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Really? I seem to recall a certain journo that went in a
           | whole person but came out in many smaller pieces. Journos are
           | _NOT_ untouchable.
        
             | itsdrewmiller wrote:
             | I don't think they meant "journalists" when they said
             | "elites".
        
         | khurs wrote:
         | It's not an investigation naming individuals, it's high level
         | pattern analysis.
         | 
         | No one is going to get killed for this one!
        
       | NoMoreNicksLeft wrote:
       | I need to think about starting a Panama private interest
       | foundation.
        
       | cval26 wrote:
       | Previous related work by the same group:
       | https://home.dartmouth.edu/news/2023/02/targeting-wealth-man...
        
       | vslira wrote:
       | > Yet, elites who come from countries where their assets are
       | likely to be seized due _either to a lack of civil rights_ or a
       | government with effective regulations tend to use a "concealment
       | strategy" to remain anonymous.
       | 
       | Not to be a defender of criminal money laundering, but this is an
       | important caveat. When all money is traceable, digital and
       | controlled, good luck funding anything against the government in
       | an authoritarian setting.
       | 
       | Unfortunately that's a catch-22
       | 
       | I'm well aware of the impact of corruption and organized crime
       | and how it affects billions worldwide, I've read more than one
       | book on the subject. but it's analogous to the issue with
       | cryptography, privacy and protecting people, especially minors,
       | on the internet for example
        
       | searine wrote:
       | Funded by US taxpayers via a grants from the National Science
       | Foundation and Dartmouth College.
        
       | ryandrake wrote:
       | It's kind of sad that whenever there's an article about the very
       | rich using alternate, shadow financial systems to avoid paying
       | taxes and (often illegally) hide their wealth, most of the
       | comments are "Why can't I do that, too?" instead of "Why can't we
       | find and punish the people doing that?"
        
         | rjknight wrote:
         | "I want an end to corruption, or a chance to participate in
         | it!"
        
         | alisonatwork wrote:
         | It's not worth getting upset about. I am sure there are
         | leftists who read HN, but the popular tone of the political
         | commentary here tends to slant pro-capitalism, libertarian,
         | anti-woke, meritocracy, dark enlightenment etc. It makes sense
         | if you understand the website as a market research slash hype
         | incubator for an American venture capital firm. Many of the
         | people posting here are actively employed in the get rich quick
         | startup scene and even those who aren't are still likely to be
         | amongst the wealthiest segment of society due to their work.
         | Almost certainly the vast majority are men. It is what it is.
         | 
         | The comments here are not representative of broader society,
         | but they can sometimes be interesting to gain a sense of where
         | an influential chunk of the global tech elite is at. I have
         | heard HN political or social talking points echoed in the
         | mouths of leadership at company all-hands, and non-HN reading
         | friends at other tech companies have mentioned similar themes
         | at theirs, so there is some value in having this window into
         | the culture as an early warning system.
        
         | luxuryballs wrote:
         | it's sad that people want freedom? I think it's way more sad to
         | imagine a world where the state reigns supreme, it should
         | always be possible to go solo if you can pull it off, it's way
         | more human, the state is just other people, often using bully
         | tactics, they shouldn't be able to rule over you, there should
         | at always be places to escape to
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | > _Billionaires, oligarchs, and other members of the uber rich,
       | known as "elites"_
       | 
       | it's a small point but, "elites" usually refers to those with
       | good educational credentials who hold down white collar jobs at
       | universities, newsmedia, law and finance firms, political
       | campaigns, non-profits, etc., jobs they got because their parents
       | know how to help them network and who can afford to pay their
       | rent in major cities while they "pay their dues" as interns in
       | these same organizations. Yes, they do have higher than average
       | incomes, but I heard a great word for them (from a left-leaning
       | source fwiw) who called them "the 19%". They are not the 1%, but
       | they make up the rest of the 20% and they work for the 1%, and
       | though they often have left leaning political ideals, it's human
       | nature to want to defend what you have and feel you earned it,
       | and also to pass it along and take care of your own children's
       | futures. According to this guy, they control 2x the wealth that
       | the 1% controls and flex a lot of political muscle.
       | 
       | Billionaires, oligarchs, and other members of the uber rich are
       | generally referred to as just those things. The people behind
       | this study I would guess are in the 19%, and by labelling the
       | billionaires and oligarchs as elites, unconsciously they shed the
       | shame of being elites themselves (Dartmouth? pure ivy league).
        
       | mihaitodor wrote:
       | Brooke Harrington (one of the co-authors of the paper) was
       | interviewed by Sean Carroll for the Mindscape podcast:
       | https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2023/05/22/237-....
       | I was sure this study must've come from her group when I saw the
       | title.
        
       | IG_Semmelweiss wrote:
       | >>>"cases like Singapore where the government is free of
       | corruption but low on civic participation"
       | 
       | What is 'civic participation' in this context ?
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | Fewer than expected number of protests and demonstrations.
        
           | Uvix wrote:
           | Surely the expected number of protests and demonstrations in
           | a country where you get whipped for doing so is zero?
        
             | kccqzy wrote:
             | No caning is not a punishment for protests and
             | demonstrations; that would be ridiculous as they would lose
             | even the perception of free speech as a fundamental
             | liberty. But generally, such protests and demonstrations
             | have a lot of restrictions in place: they need to take
             | place in a specific location (Hong Lim Park), they need to
             | be pre-arranged, they cannot be religiously sensitive, they
             | cannot be about the political issues of a foreign country,
             | and speeches against politicians are often met with libel
             | lawsuits. The only large-scale protests that happened in
             | recent memory are all about same-sex marriage and LGBT
             | rights.
        
         | lemoncucumber wrote:
         | Basically this paragraph from
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Singapore:
         | 
         | "Singapore has consistently been rated as the least-corrupt
         | country in Asia and amongst the top ten cleanest in the world
         | by Transparency International. The World Bank's governance
         | indicators have also rated Singapore highly on rule of law,
         | control of corruption and government effectiveness. However, it
         | is widely perceived that some aspects of the political process,
         | civil liberties, and political, labour and human rights are
         | lacking. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Singapore a
         | "flawed democracy" in 2024. Freedom House deemed Singapore
         | "partly free" in 2025, at 48/100 -- 19/40 for political rights,
         | 29/60 for civil liberties."
        
       | khurs wrote:
       | If you are an activist of any kind, it's a good idea to be
       | offshore. A UK Palestinian support group had their account frozen
       | and access to the funds blocked just this week
       | 
       | https://x.com/declassifiedUK/status/1945077503996895319
       | 
       | If you are an activist, have stuff offshore in a country other
       | than the one you campaign in. And Crypto.
        
       | TrackerFF wrote:
       | I've just concluded that the ultra wealthy are in some aspect
       | stateless people. Sure, they have a passport - or multiple - but
       | they'll emigrate to another country without blinking, if it means
       | slightly less taxes and less transparency. And that's on top of
       | their offshore assets, managed by other people.
       | 
       | Using your assets/wealth as political power seems to have become
       | more popular here in northern Europe. Taxes too high? Fuck you,
       | I'll take my money and companies to Switzerland. If politicians
       | buckle, they'll move back home. Seems like a race to the bottom,
       | where the tax havens will just compete for the best terms to the
       | ultra wealthy.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | What I wonder is: Will they be missed? They're taking money
         | away that the government won't have access to anyway, and by
         | hoarding it, effectively reducing the money supply. If they
         | live somewhere else, they might have less influence over our
         | society.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | The ultra-wealthy have been stateless for centuries.
         | 
         | For example, Britain's famous "non-domiciled" tax exception was
         | first created in 1799. It allows UK-resident foreigners not to
         | pay tax on their foreign income except for funds they bring
         | into the UK.
         | 
         | Wealthy families have been able to live their lives enjoying
         | the stability of a Western democracy without paying taxes,
         | keeping their assets scattered safely around the world and
         | their citizenships wherever they can get the best deal.
         | 
         | The USA is also joining this game with Trump's "gold card" that
         | offers a path to citizenship for a $5M fee. But I don't think
         | the very rich will bite because US law and the IRS expect
         | citizens to report their global income (at least for now, maybe
         | Trump will eliminate this too with a stroke of a pen).
        
         | v5v3 wrote:
         | >Sure, they have a passport - or multiple - but they'll
         | emigrate to another country without blinking,
         | 
         | You forgot one variable. Women have a mind of their own.
         | 
         | Switzerland tried to take London's Hedge Fund Industry. The
         | wives and kids hated the lack of things to do compared to
         | London.
         | 
         | Same with Footballers. If a football player or manager signs
         | for a club in a unattractive location, the wives may stay in
         | the previous City.
        
       | gabesullice wrote:
       | The authors write that it's "counterintuitive " that in states
       | with low crime and efficient beaurocracies, the uberrich tend to
       | conceal or relocate their wealth more. See:                 "This
       | suggests a counterintuitive result: use of offshore finance is
       | driven not only by negative political conditions such as
       | corruption and lack of civil justice, but by positive conditions,
       | such as regulatory enforcement and civil justice."
       | 
       | But it's not counterintuitive at all. Those people aren't
       | concerned about getting mugged and they're definitely not
       | concerned about how long it takes to get a construction permit in
       | a corrupt country. They're concerned about state-sponsored
       | expropriation.
       | 
       | Given so many of the comments here about tracking the offshore
       | accounts down and confiscating the contents, it's no surprise.
       | 
       | Irrespective of whether their practices are immoral, unethical,
       | unfair, or unjust, they're definitely not counterintuitive.
       | 
       | It's genuinely hard for me to understand how the authors could
       | believe otherwise.
        
         | digdugdirk wrote:
         | "State-sponsored expropriation"
         | 
         | So... Taxes?
         | 
         | I'm intrigued as to the framing of your post. You seem to be
         | positing that it's entirely expected and understandable that
         | wealthy individuals in well functioning systems should commit
         | fraud to the detriment of the system that brought them their
         | wealth. That seems counterintuitive to me, at least.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | What is weird is how countries still have enough money to
       | function despite this
       | 
       | I wonder what sort of political event would change that, probably
       | when EU countries realize they need money to rebuild their
       | military.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | I have to say that as an American in 2025, this kind of news hits
       | a little different than it used-to.
       | 
       | In prior years, I didn't have nagging anxieties about people's
       | life savings being arbitrarily frozen/seized as a form of
       | political retribution, or the imposition of China-style capital
       | controls to ensure "patriotic investing."
       | 
       | Before anybody decries that as (still) far-fetched, consider that
       | the federal government forced banks to drain millions from the
       | accounts of states (NY), announced $365,000/yr "fines" on
       | undocumented immigrants, and imposed arbitrary (illegal) import
       | taxes while threatening companies against showing it on the bill.
        
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