[HN Gopher] "Reading Rainbow" was created to combat summer readi...
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       "Reading Rainbow" was created to combat summer reading slumps
        
       Author : arbesman
       Score  : 328 points
       Date   : 2025-07-17 00:43 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | aspenmayer wrote:
       | That was a well done show for kids. LeVar Burton can read a book
       | better than me, and I am not ashamed to admit it. He made
       | learning accessible, fun, and cool.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | He also has that rare Fred Rogers-esque gift of talking in a
         | way children understand without talking down to them.
         | 
         | Not unheard of in today's tap-obsessed world of YouTube Kids &
         | streaming apps, but much harder to find.
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | He's a compelling speaker and onscreen talent, I agree. He's
           | using his superpowers for good, whatever they are. Being able
           | to connect through a screen wasn't normalized back then.
           | Educational content needed that personal touch. I think it
           | makes all the difference.
        
           | dotancohen wrote:
           | Adults, too. I might not know what an inverse-tachyon pulse
           | is, but thanks to his convincing demeanor I understand that
           | it could cause a localized spatial distortion.
        
           | chang1 wrote:
           | As a child in the late 80s/early 90s, I remember watching
           | Star Trek TNG as new episodes were coming out, and also
           | watching Reading Rainbow (I loved both shows).
           | 
           | The episode where Reading Rainbow visited the Star Trek TNG
           | set was one of my favorites:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIRz_qpgD-0
        
             | Verdex wrote:
             | I've got some sort of weak facial blindness, so I did not
             | connect that Burton and La Forge were the same person.
             | 
             | As a child learning that two of your favorite people were
             | in fact the same person was pretty mind blowing for me.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | I was bored to tears and I read more than the average kid. I
         | liked the aesthetic though and I _wanted_ to like it because it
         | seemed wholesome. I've always suspected RR is one of those
         | shows that everyone knows they _should_ like so they all talk
         | it up as if they did like it. Kinda like Rust.
        
           | plemer wrote:
           | Or maybe many did genuinely enjoy RR but you just weren't the
           | target audience? If it was created to combat the summer
           | reading slump, it likely wasn't targeting already avid
           | readers.
           | 
           | FWIW, though, my experience was similar to yours: I read a
           | ton and loved the _feel_ of the show, but the actual content
           | was a little slow.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | I agree that it's the feel of the show. I grew up with 3
             | free to air channels, and one of them was a PBS station.
             | The content was better than the competition or the VHS tape
             | collection, or replaying one of the video games.
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | I genuinely liked it even though I could read fine. It was an
           | excuse to use the tv when I might not have a good reason to
           | use it instead of someone else otherwise and I enjoyed the
           | content well enough even if I was a couple years older than
           | the intended audience. The public broadcasting shows of that
           | era were weirdly good imo, with Mr Rogers and Shirley Lewis
           | doing puppets, but wholesome too.
           | 
           | Ghost Writer was ahead of its time and deserves a post of its
           | own.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostwriter_(1992_TV_series)
           | 
           | > The series revolves around a multiethnic group of friends
           | from Brooklyn who solve neighborhood crimes and mysteries as
           | a team of youth detectives with the help of a ghost named
           | Ghostwriter. Ghostwriter can communicate with children only
           | by manipulating whatever text and letters he can find and
           | using them to form words and sentences.
           | 
           | > Ghostwriter producer and writer Kermit Frazier revealed in
           | a 2010 interview that Ghostwriter was a runaway slave during
           | the American Civil War. He taught other slaves how to read
           | and write and was killed by slave catchers and their dogs.
           | His spirit was kept in the book that Jamal discovers and
           | opens in the pilot episode, freeing the ghost.
           | 
           | Wishbone has costumes and a dog for your dramatic re-
           | enactments of books with a dog actor in the lead role. This
           | is crazy town, and I'm here for it.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishbone_(TV_series)
        
             | postalcoder wrote:
             | The entire PBS slate of shows was elite. Very little did I
             | know at the time how initiative-driven it was (a great
             | thing). To me where in the world was Carmen Sandiego was a
             | fun trivia game. To the creators, they were trying to
             | address the issue of americans not knowing where the
             | country was on a map.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > To me where in the world was Carmen Sandiego was a fun
               | trivia game. To the creators, they were trying to address
               | the issue of americans not knowing where the country was
               | on a map.
               | 
               | Was there a show? To me _Where in the World is Carmen
               | Sandiego_ was a reoccurring segment on a show called
               | Square One. I liked it, but it didn 't feel like it was
               | the source of Carmen Sandiego mythology; it felt more
               | like a minor epiphenomenon.
               | 
               | There was also a computer game, which I didn't play much
               | of because it was a lot of work. It felt a lot more fully
               | developed than the TV segments, though.
        
               | pimlottc wrote:
               | Yes, there was half-hour game show for kids that aired on
               | PBS in the early 90s. For anyone who's ever seen it,
               | chances are the theme song is permanently burned into
               | their brain: Do it, Rockapella! [1]
               | 
               | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_in_the_World_Is_Ca
               | rmen_S...
               | 
               | 1:
               | https://youtu.be/9ubKvQe2hQU?si=jHjOKvKuWukQkBUJ&t=1510
        
               | TurkTurkleton wrote:
               | The game came first, and the TV shows were spun off from
               | it, which is probably why the game feels more fully
               | developed. It grew into a whole media franchise -- there
               | were _Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?_ and _Where
               | in Time is Carmen Sandiego?_ game shows on PBS, as well
               | as a _Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego?_ Saturday
               | morning cartoon, and more recently, an animated series on
               | Netflix. I don 't remember there being Carmen Sandiego
               | segments on _Square One_ but I also don 't remember
               | _Square One_ all that well in the first place.
        
               | tallanvor wrote:
               | "To the creators, they were trying to address the issue
               | of americans not knowing where the country was on a map."
               | 
               | This is a very glib take. The origin of the series was a
               | 1985 educational computer game from Broderbund. The
               | target age group wasn't expected to know all this
               | information, which is why the game shipped with an
               | almanac.
        
               | infecto wrote:
               | Not sure if it was on purpose but your take is the glib
               | one.
               | 
               | "The show was created partially in response to the
               | results of a National Geographic survey indicating little
               | knowledge of geography among some of the American
               | populace, with one in four being unable to locate the
               | Soviet Union or the Pacific Ocean."
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_in_the_World_Is_Car
               | men...
               | 
               | Now of course the tv show is an offspring from the video
               | game but it's well documented that the specific format
               | was to combat geography. So it's a fine statement to
               | state that is the purpose of the show creators as that
               | was the mission from PBS at the time.
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | I always immediately turned it off when I was a kid. I
           | appreciate its purpose now, but loathed it when I was in the
           | target audience.
        
           | fracus wrote:
           | I honestly just loved the theme song and the good vibes, but
           | yeah, I didn't really watch it watch it.
        
           | gowld wrote:
           | It's a TV show for kids who do NOT read.
        
         | monkeyelite wrote:
         | > LeVar Burton can read a book better than me, and I am not
         | ashamed to admit it.
         | 
         | This is a weird comment. He's a professional actor. I hope he
         | does
        
           | aspenmayer wrote:
           | He makes the hard thing look easy. This wasn't a backhanded
           | compliment but a genuine one. He isn't acting per se, but he
           | does voice act the stories. It was audiobooks and ASMR sorta
           | before those things were cool. He does a fantastic job with
           | the words on the page and also goes on-site to film IRL
           | things from the books. It's a simple premise and it works. It
           | doesn't have to be surprising to be enjoyable and engaging.
        
             | pfannkuchen wrote:
             | Why are you looking for a hyper stimulus? Man didn't evolve
             | in an environment where stories were told by people who'd
             | won a massive intertribe tournament of story telling
             | ability. Stories were told by family.
             | 
             | If child requires hyper stimulus to be engaged in this
             | area, suspect other hyper stimulus present.
        
               | aspenmayer wrote:
               | > Why are you looking for a hyper stimulus? Man didn't
               | evolve in an environment where stories were told by
               | people who'd won a massive intertribe tournament of story
               | telling ability. Stories were told by family.
               | 
               | > If child requires hyper stimulus to be engaged in this
               | area, suspect other hyper stimulus present.
               | 
               | Reading Rainbow is the opposite of a hyperstimulus
               | compared to most tv programs, let alone "educational" tv
               | programming.
               | 
               | I wasn't seeking a hyperstimulus. You don't even know me.
               | I could read and write before kindergarten, which was my
               | first schooling outside the home.
        
               | pfannkuchen wrote:
               | > compared to most tv programs
               | 
               | Modern media is so replete with hyper stimuli that it is
               | often hard to see where the line is between what is
               | evolutionarily congruent and what is greater.
               | 
               | I don't see how knowing you is relevant. This is my
               | position on what most people do. Either you have a
               | different viewpoint on this than the mainstream and yet
               | arrived at the very same conclusions, or I essentially am
               | familiar with your viewpoint in this area. What have I
               | gotten wrong?
        
               | eclecticfrank wrote:
               | > Man didn't evolve in an environment where stories were
               | told by people who'd won a massive intertribe tournament
               | of story telling ability. Stories were told by family.
               | 
               | The stories we grew up to were indeed those which won "a
               | massive intertribe tournament of story telling ability".
               | Only interesting stories got retold. Stories travelled
               | further when made into songs. They became artworks when
               | tranformed into plays. They became myths and legends in
               | the luggage of those travelling the planet. And the art
               | of telling stories also became a way of making a living
               | much before our contemporary society produced the first
               | pop star.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | I would expect being a professional storyteller to translate
           | a lot better to reading aloud than being a professional
           | actor, really.
        
         | burnt-resistor wrote:
         | Whatever works, I guess. It made a difference, although it was
         | corny somewhere between `Punky Brewster` and `Captain Planet`.
         | Vintage `Sesame Street` is legit cool.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Reminds of another 1980s reading incentive thing, tho during the
       | schoolyear not summer: Pizza Hut's _Book It!_
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Hut#Book_It!
        
         | aspenmayer wrote:
         | Read books, get free pizza you want, not the pizza they serve
         | at school. Whoever invented this is a genius. I still regret
         | losing the holographic Book It! pin I had, but I can probably
         | find another one if I look.
        
           | RandallBrown wrote:
           | It was sort of Ronald Reagan that invented it.
        
         | dustincoates wrote:
         | We did Book It! for a couple of years, but Accelerated Reader
         | for most of the others. One of my favorite childhood memories
         | as a kid was having to go to the local junior high, because the
         | elementary school didn't have the test for the books I was
         | reading.
         | 
         | It also made me want to read Anna Karenina, because that was
         | listed as the book with the highest points awarded. It only
         | took me 30 years to get around to finishing it.
        
       | etchalon wrote:
       | It sure was neat when people aspired to help kids learn instead
       | of being completely focused on them not learning the wrong thing.
        
         | monkeyelite wrote:
         | I think if you back and watch these 90s PBS shows you'll find
         | they are also very overt in promoting their ideas.
        
       | mproud wrote:
       | _Butterfly in the Sky,_ documentary on Netflix:
       | 
       | https://www.netflix.com/us/title/81750412?s=i&trkid=25859316...
        
       | throwing_away wrote:
       | It really felt like propaganda as a kid.
       | 
       | Made me think reading was probably a scam.
        
         | esseph wrote:
         | Sure was buddy
         | 
         | Big Book out to get u
         | 
         | (How the fuck did you know what "propaganda" was before you
         | could even read btw?)
        
           | throwing_away wrote:
           | That was just the vibe.
           | 
           | It was mandatory watching by the state education program. It
           | had product placement and a clear message.
           | 
           | I mean, I feel like it would take more education to _not_ see
           | it as propaganda.
           | 
           | I didn't like The Magic Schoolbus either though. Same reason.
           | 
           | Oh, and Scholastic everything.
        
             | sitzkrieg wrote:
             | i felt like a lot of my teachers kept it handy in the
             | "fucking hungover" pocket too
        
             | tclancy wrote:
             | Well, good work avoiding that scam. I guess. Does this make
             | you Goofus or Gallanyt?
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | I've only seen Magic School Bus as an adult, but I don't
             | recall any product placement? They seem fun and educational
             | - like Storybots.
             | 
             | Only problem I have with those shows for kids is the lack
             | of real people.
        
           | omeid2 wrote:
           | I am always fascinated by this degree of assurance and
           | absolute lack of scepticism.
           | 
           | In what way, do you think, a show can have no room for
           | critical viewing? Does being related to "reading or books"
           | sufficient for such unquestionable and noncritical
           | acceptance? Or was something else about it that makes it so
           | cocksure good?
        
             | gonzobonzo wrote:
             | Watching Mr. Rogers as an adult, I was surprised by how
             | opinionated the show could be. There was an episode where
             | one of the puppets was trying to teach a child puppet to
             | read before they entered school, and it was presented as a
             | extremely harsh and mean way to treat a child. A human
             | actor comes in and starts scolding the puppet that it's not
             | necessary to teach the kids to read before school and that
             | she needs to stop. Later, Mr. Rogers talks with an actual
             | kindergarten teacher, and they discuss how it's completely
             | unnecessary to teach kids to read before they enter
             | kindergarten.
             | 
             | It felt like it was indoctrinating kids into believing that
             | the right way to raise them was the way that Fred Rogers
             | preferred.
             | 
             | There's this strange point of view that once it's decided
             | that something is good and it's being made by good people,
             | it's absurd to look at it critically and anyone who does
             | should be mocked.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | That is a Waldorf perspective, though presumably not
               | exclusive to them. I was sent to a Waldorf kindergarten,
               | and my mother despised it because they repeatedly
               | insulted her for having taught me to read. They felt this
               | was unhealthy.
               | 
               | Independent of Waldorf, kindergarten teachers - like most
               | teachers - don't like it when their students already know
               | the material they're supposed to be teaching.
        
               | gonzobonzo wrote:
               | > Independent of Waldorf, kindergarten teachers - like
               | most teachers - don't like it when their students already
               | know the material they're supposed to be teaching.
               | 
               | Yes, "don't do it that way, you're not suppose to know
               | that yet" is depressingly common. Also unfair, since it
               | usually only applies to certain kids - we don't tell
               | artistic kids that they shouldn't paint so well, because
               | kids aren't supposed to be at that level yet, nor do we
               | tell athletic kids this. But it's extremely common in
               | subjects like math.
               | 
               | One of the things that's frustrating is the one size fits
               | all mentality when it comes to education. Even if some
               | kids don't get a lot out of home education, some really
               | enjoy it, and it can be a great bonding experience for
               | many parents and children. It feels irresponsible to
               | dismiss it all together.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > we don't tell artistic kids that they shouldn't paint
               | so well, because kids aren't supposed to be at that level
               | yet, nor do we tell athletic kids this. But it's
               | extremely common in subjects like math.
               | 
               | It's even more common as applied to holding a job, which
               | is out-and-out illegal for children in most cases.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | You're talking about, I believe, Episode 1463 - Mr Rogers
               | goes to school.
               | 
               | I found it in the internet archive here:
               | https://archive.org/details/ipoy143season10
               | 
               | Edit: The correct episode in question is Ep 1462.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | Okay, I don't think that was it.
               | 
               | I think the one you are talking about is Episode 1462.
               | 
               | In Episode 1462 Lady Elaine is badgering people for not
               | knowing all their letters and numbers etc _before_
               | showing up for school.
               | 
               | The point is not about knowing them before you show up,
               | the point is about addressing learning anxiety!
               | 
               | The point of that section is to tell _children_ that if
               | they don 't know these things before they first show up
               | at school, that it's not the end of the world!
               | 
               | Different kids are going to come from different
               | backgrounds, this segment addresses that so when kids
               | show up to school and don't know these things, that they
               | don't feel stressed and upset that other kids may know
               | something they don't. That is something they can turn a
               | kid off from school and wanting to learn _forever_.
               | 
               | Were in a place where you learned things like that before
               | you ever went to school? If so, that can cause
               | resentment!
        
               | gonzobonzo wrote:
               | The episode only portrays education before school in a
               | negative light, though. It's message isn't "it's fine to
               | teach kids before they enter school and after they enter
               | school, but you shouldn't badger them." Characters
               | continually say that it's wrong to try to teach kids
               | these things before they enter school, or that if a kid
               | doesn't want to learn them before they enter school
               | parents are wrong to try.
               | 
               | In 1462, look at around 12:30, Elaine is trying to teach
               | Tuesday, who doesn't want to learn, he wants to leave. So
               | Mr. McFeely objects by saying that Tuesday doesn't need
               | to learn them before he goes to school.
               | 
               | Then look at 17:15. Elaine says that Tuesday needs to
               | study, and Aberlin immediately objects saying that he
               | hasn't started school yet. When Elaine says that school
               | is about learning numbers and letters, Aberlin says that
               | that's not true "according to the real teacher." Followed
               | by Mr. Rogers saying that Elaine thinks that everything
               | about school needs to be hard and boring, and that's just
               | not the way it is. But "parents trying to teach you about
               | numbers and letters just want things to be hard and
               | boring" isn't a good message, to say the least.
               | 
               | You're right that Elaine is portrayed as being mean, but
               | that's part of the problem. It feels very much like a
               | negative caricature. No one is saying "here's a good way
               | to teach kids before school," they're all saying "don't
               | be so mean, they don't need to learn these things."
               | 
               | I don't feel so easy about a show teaching very young
               | children that their preferred approach to child rearing
               | is morally correct and other approaches are morally
               | wrong.
               | 
               | (Thanks for a link to the episodes, by the way. 1462 and
               | 1463.)
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | I think you're taking away a different message from what
               | I did, I watch 1462 and 1463 looking for this section.
               | 
               | The message I got was not "don't learn this stuff before
               | school", the message I took away was that, for a lot of
               | kids watching that show on PBS, especially around the air
               | date of 1979, you were looking at "latchkey kids" plus
               | the incredible struggles of poverty and access to
               | information.
               | 
               | It wasn't "don't learn this", it was "you are not less of
               | a human being because you were born into a family that
               | didn't or couldn't take the time to help teach you these
               | things before you started school". That was the takeaway,
               | for me, and for a lot of the kids I grew up around that
               | weren't privileged.
        
               | gonzobonzo wrote:
               | But it's not showing that. You could have two kids start
               | school at the same time and say that it's OK that they
               | didn't have different backgrounds. But that's not what
               | they showed - they're showing people who are telling
               | Elaine it's wrong to teach the kids when the kids want to
               | go off and play.
               | 
               | > "you are not less of a human being because you were
               | born into a family that didn't or couldn't take the time
               | to help teach you these things before you started school"
               | 
               | But Elaine does want to teach the kids in this episode. I
               | don't see how this episode would do anything other than
               | encourage fewer parents to try to teach their kids before
               | they go off to school.
        
               | esseph wrote:
               | "I don't see how this episode would do anything other
               | than encourage fewer parents to try to teach their kids
               | before they go off to school."
               | 
               | You're so far outside the typical audience for this show!
               | 
               | Think more along the lines of poverty with no parents at
               | home, maybe they're both working, or maybe one is
               | incarcerated!
               | 
               | This show sure wasn't put together for young kids of
               | privilege and financial and community support and means -
               | the exactly opposite.
        
             | esseph wrote:
             | > absolute lack of scepticism.
             | 
             | Mostly being around 4-6 years old and generally having
             | trust in the people around you.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Ask a parent! Kids can be very wary of attempts to "shape"
           | them. Of course they're not going to know the word
           | propaganda, but the instinct to detect manipulation (and
           | react negatively to it) goes deep.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | Indeed. Also, small kids are excellent bullshit detectors.
             | They can tell when they're being given non-sequiturs, or
             | explanations are inconsistent, and they (rightfully) see
             | this as problem and are confused when such things come from
             | sources they trust (e.g. parents).
        
       | ajuc wrote:
       | I wonder how many public libraries are there in US.
       | 
       | In Poland every gmina (which is like a collection of a few
       | villages - around 10k people and 10x10 km) have a public library.
       | It's how I learned to love reading books - there was no internet
       | yet, TV had like 3 channels, and I was on vacations bored to
       | hell. So I went to the library and started borrowing random
       | books. I didn't had to drive anywhere or ask my parents - it was
       | just a short walk.
       | 
       | I especially love the small countryside libraries where you don't
       | need to ask the librarian for a book you want - you walk among
       | the shelves and look for the books yourself. Back in 80s/90s most
       | books in such libraries were hand-covered with gray packing-paper
       | covers and had the author and title written by the librarian on
       | that. So you didn't even had images on the cover to let you know
       | what the book was about. It was a complete surprise every time.
       | Through 3 summer vacations I went through half the library, even
       | trying some Harlequins or "collected works of Lenin" :) (not a
       | very good read BTW). Mostly I looked for fantasy and sci-fi, but
       | that was like 5 shelves out of 50, so I tried everything
       | eventually. And I learnt to love reading ever since.
        
         | RandallBrown wrote:
         | The US public library system is very big. There are over 17,000
         | libraries and that doesn't include the almost 100,000 libraries
         | that are in schools.
         | 
         | My city (Seattle, a pretty large US city) has 27 public
         | libraries. I only live a few blocks from the closest one but
         | could fairly easily walk to at least 2 more.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | > 17,000 libraries
           | 
           | It doesn't seem like "A lot" for a country the size of US
           | TBH.
           | 
           | Poland has 7541 public libraries. Which is 1 per 41 km^2, but
           | of course big cities have many libraries, so the actual
           | distance is larger in the countryside. But it's a number.
           | 
           | 17000 libraries in US is like one per 580 km^2.
           | 
           | And yes every school has one too, there's 35 000 schools. But
           | many of these are very small libraries that mostly carry
           | mandatory lectures for school + some classic books. In my
           | village the school library sucked.
           | 
           | I lived in a village of 500 people and had a library within 5
           | minute walk.
        
             | burnt-resistor wrote:
             | I guess one needs to consider the US is geographically much
             | larger and most land doesn't actually contain people.
             | Considering the density is wiser, but even still. Libraries
             | per occupied area still isn't a good metric. There is no
             | good metric.
             | 
             | What's more important is the qualitative offerings and
             | impact:
             | 
             | 1. Spectrum of a. most common services and collections
             | offered everywhere to b. the most comprehensive of those
             | offered by a specific library.
             | 
             | 2. What people can do at them: read, research subjects,
             | borrow things, accomplish tasks, host meetings, etc.
             | 
             | This is very hard to measure and not something a business
             | person running the government "like a business" would
             | understand.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | IMO the most important metric is "what percentage of kids
               | can walk to a library without asking anybody".
               | 
               | But nowadays people have internet, so I guess it's not
               | THAT important anymore. The ideal library is just a
               | website that lets you download pirated ebooks for free.
        
               | burnt-resistor wrote:
               | You've just reinvented Z-library. ;)
               | 
               | The utility of the brick-and-mortar is that some/(many by
               | state) libraries include services and physical items that
               | can be checked out _besides media._ Plus, besides free
               | Wi-Fi and meeting rooms, it 's a non-consumption location
               | to exist in a physical public space. There aren't many
               | more free spaces in America. And, there are millions of
               | people who can't afford internet, a tablet, a computer,
               | or have a place for books. Millions of books and
               | historical local newspapers don't exist in electronic
               | form!
               | 
               | But no, really, (most of) America is truly unwalkable for
               | almost any activity.
        
               | roywiggins wrote:
               | To build a library close enough to most American kids
               | that they could walk to it would likely be infeasible,
               | because so many people live places that are simply not
               | walkable at all.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Another commenter said 73% of americans live 1 mile of a
               | library. Thats walkable. You don't need brewpubcafes and
               | tree lined streets to walk.
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | You do need pavements tho, especially if the road has
               | many lanes and people going 90 km/h.
        
               | ipython wrote:
               | Have you seen pics of Houston? It can be infeasible to
               | walk a mile if it's split by a multi lane highway etc.
        
             | Tallain wrote:
             | Going by land area isn't a great metric, since the US has a
             | great deal of unpopulated or sparsely populated space. Per
             | capita might be better, but not by much. But if you go "per
             | city," the US has around 19,000 incorporated areas. So 17k
             | libraries to 19k incorporated areas (cities, towns,
             | villages, designated census areas, etc.), might be better
             | metric.
        
             | dustincoates wrote:
             | You can have small towns with libraries in the US, too.
             | Flatonia, TX has a population of 1,300 and has a public
             | library.
             | 
             | There are probably even smaller towns, but I know Flatonia
             | has one because I've been there.
        
               | aaronbaugher wrote:
               | There's a town near me that has a population of 1100 and
               | a nice small library. And there's state-wide interlibrary
               | loan, so small-town libraries can get you anything the
               | bigger ones have.
        
             | 98codes wrote:
             | In the United States (in 2020[1]), 100% of the population
             | lived within 5 miles (8 km) of a local public library, with
             | 99.1% of people living within 1 mile (1.6 km). That seems
             | good enough to me.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.gc.cuny.edu/center-urban-research/research-
             | proje...
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | 73% live within a mile from your source not 99.1%.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | Could your whole village walk to a library in 5 minutes?
             | 
             | Regardless of population density,
             | villages/towns/settlements/cities tend to span a mile or
             | more, not one acre with 1-1000 people surrounded by non-
             | residential space.
             | 
             | How many books were in that library that served 500 people?
        
               | ajuc wrote:
               | There's 3 smaller daughter-libraries in nearby villages.
               | I'd say 20 minutes walk to the nearest library for
               | everybody in the whole gmina is realistic. Less if you
               | include school libraries (but they suck).
               | 
               | I had no idea how many books, checked right now and
               | apparently it's 32 000. It's not really serving 500
               | people, it's got 1100 regular readers. Which means people
               | are going there from other villages.
               | 
               | It also has all the multimedia stuff, audiobooks,
               | internet access, printers, etc.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | > I wonder how many public libraries are there in US.
         | 
         | A _lot_ of them (nearly 125000 about 250 people per library on
         | average). And you can do inter-library loans, and you can check
         | out DVDs and BluRays.
        
         | pfannkuchen wrote:
         | Is gmena a typo or does Polish seriously have "gm" as a
         | digraph? I have seen a reasonable amount of written Polish but
         | I've never noticed "gm" before. That strikes me as really
         | reaching, get a different alphabet, already.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | "Gmina" is correct. It's the lowest administrative unit in
           | Poland.
           | 
           | There's a few other words with "gm", like "gmerac" (to fiddle
           | with sth), "gmin" (plebs, common people - same root word as
           | gmina I'd imagine), "gmach" (a huge building, usually of some
           | public institution).
           | 
           | It's not a digraph tho, it's just pronounced as "g" and then
           | "m"?
           | 
           | I'm like 99% sure it's a German loanword. Most of
           | city/administration/building language in Polish comes from
           | German - dach (roof), szyba (glass pane), rynek (main market
           | square), ratusz (city hall), burmistrz (city mayor), rynsztok
           | (gutter), etc.
           | 
           | All through middle ages Poland imported lots of germanic
           | settlers and had them build whole new towns from scratch in
           | Poland in exchange for tax breaks. There's a town called
           | "Niemcy" (Germans/Mutes) like 10 km from where I live :), and
           | there's a village called "Dys" nearby.
           | 
           | What's the problem with using latin script for gm by the way?
        
             | MandieD wrote:
             | As someone who speaks German but not Polish, "Gemeinde" was
             | the first thing that came to mind seeing that "gmina" is a
             | collection of rural villages, because that's what the
             | smallest incorporated settlements here are called (at least
             | in Bavaria). Gemeinde -> Markt -> Stadt
        
           | MandieD wrote:
           | Even Germany has Gmund: Schwabisch Gmund, Georgensgmund...
        
           | internet_points wrote:
           | > get a different alphabet, already
           | 
           | English has entered the chat
        
           | saghm wrote:
           | English has fairly common words with "gm", just not at the
           | beginning of words. Figma and enigma immediately spring to
           | mind. I'd even argue that people say "Big Mac" roughly the
           | same speed as the above words. Plus, there's even that meme
           | word from a few years ago (like a crude, less punny version
           | of the "updog" joke, if that helps narrow down what I mean)
        
           | rdlw wrote:
           | It's not a digraph, it's pronounced /gm/
        
       | CSMastermind wrote:
       | Growing up Wishbone connected with me a lot more.
       | 
       | Looking back on the list of Reading Rainbow books:
       | https://knowtea.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/rea...
       | 
       | I can't say I've read many of them.
       | 
       | With that said, I miss the trend of reading being so heavily
       | emphasized in youth culture. Dolly Parton, free Pizza Hut, the
       | accelerated reader program. I'm really grateful I grew up in the
       | 90s.
        
         | brendoelfrendo wrote:
         | Wishbone was a good show, but I think it occupies a different
         | niche. Wishbone was about adapting the classics, and each
         | episode was more of a production vs Reading Rainbow, which was
         | formatted more to introduce kids to contemporary age-
         | appropriate reading by focusing on picture books and excursions
         | to thematically connected places.
         | 
         | The only downside is that Wishbone holds up better to a modern
         | rewatch in comparison, as opposed to how RR is very much of its
         | time. But that's ok, too; someone needs to inspire kids to be
         | adventurous with their reading so that they can go out and find
         | the next classics.
        
         | TimPC wrote:
         | Wishbone skewed slightly older. Reading the classics vs reading
         | fairly basic books was definitely for a bit older audience.
        
       | dehrmann wrote:
       | I'm torn. I see lots of value in reading (for both kids and
       | adults!), but at some point, there also needs to be emphasis on
       | _doing_.
        
         | conception wrote:
         | porque no los dos?
        
         | JimBlackwood wrote:
         | How do you propose that should look?
         | 
         | The whole show is to motivate people to want to pick up a book,
         | which to me sounds like an emphasis on doing.
         | 
         | If you'd replace this with posters or shows that just say "READ
         | A BOOK", it would not be as effective.
        
         | aspect0545 wrote:
         | How is reading different from doing. This is about encouraging
         | children to read, it's a very active process. Maybe I'm missing
         | something?
        
           | xandrius wrote:
           | Just to argue reading vs doing: I know lots of heavy readers
           | who can't absolutely do something new. They only read and
           | read.
           | 
           | On the other hand, doing is a totally different skillset.
           | 
           | I'm not against reading just that it's very unlike doing
           | something in general.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | What does doing even mean here? Cutting the grass? Building
             | a tree house?
        
           | resource_waste wrote:
           | No need to be black and white.
           | 
           | Reading can be active, if I'm taking notes on nonfiction its
           | a somewhat active process.
           | 
           | Reading can be passive, if I'm cruising on a fiction book.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | It is doing, but it's doing one thing: reading. Encouraging
           | kids to read makes sense for building literacy and
           | encouraging imagination, but there's a point where enough is
           | enough, reading the 6th installment of Harry Potter is for
           | entertainment, and they're better off riding a bike, building
           | something, and making friends.
           | 
           | It's the same for adults. We blindly praise reading, but much
           | of it belongs on the shelf at an airport bookstore, it's not
           | particularly challenging or informing, and it might as well
           | be video games or TV.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Doing what? Just whatever? As long as they aren't doing any
         | reading?
         | 
         | They should also replace lunch period with a "life" period. I
         | see a lot of kids sitting around eating, getting fat, but kids
         | need experience in real life; eating will get them nowhere.
        
         | ethan_smith wrote:
         | Reading is doing when it involves active engagement - kids who
         | read deeply are processing, imagining, questioning, and
         | building mental models they later apply to real-world problems.
        
       | LongjumpingCat wrote:
       | This brought back some memories. It's kind of amazing how shows
       | like this made reading feel fun instead of something you had to
       | do. Just stories, imagination and a bit of magic, sometimes
       | that's all it takes to get a kid hooked on books.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | My mom read books during the day when my dad was at work. She'd
         | tell my dad how hard she worked all day :-)
         | 
         | I'd look over her shoulder and wonder how she made any sense
         | out of the page full of text, as there were no pictures. I was
         | fascinated by that, and was well motivated to learn to read.
         | 
         | I was not allowed to watch TV beyond Daktari and Saturday
         | morning cartoons. I hated that restriction, but in hindsight my
         | parents made the right call. My dad would watch the news, but
         | it was just gibberish to me.
         | 
         | Later, I was not allowed to watch Green Acres. My parents said
         | it was "rubbish". I did not see an episode of it till I went to
         | college, and eagerly watched to see what I had been missing. I
         | lasted 10 minutes - it was indeed rubbish.
        
         | ljf wrote:
         | I have a strong feeling this account is a bot.
        
       | internet_points wrote:
       | Norway has gamified summer reading https://sommerles.no/svar It's
       | quite popular in the first half of elementary school. You get
       | points for registering read books (even if your parent read it
       | for your, or audio books) and every week all the libraries put up
       | a poster with this week's "code word" which you get points for
       | typing into your profile, and whenever you level up ten levels
       | you get a little prize you can pick up from the library (like a
       | tiny toy, they had shark teeth one year)
        
         | apwell23 wrote:
         | > get points for registering read books
         | 
         | > little prize you can pick up from the library
         | 
         | I am not convinced that this is really motivating to kids.
         | Don't they have tons' of toys at home an in the library to play
         | with already. Why would they care about tiny shark teeth.
         | 
         | Also i find the whole concept of 'read to get prize' cynical,
         | cheap and manipulative. Don't want to manipulate my own child
         | with these cheap tricks.
        
           | darthcircuit wrote:
           | Don't underestimate the power of junk prizes. It's how
           | McDonald's has gotten away with selling overpriced kids meals
           | for decades.
           | 
           | My kids love the novelty of garbage prize toys and while I
           | think they are stupid, my kids get weirdly motivated by the
           | promise of a trip to the dollar store.
        
           | whycome wrote:
           | manipulation or motivation? I suppose it's blurry.
           | 
           | But, I think the point is that once you get the kids into the
           | habit (or help them build the skill) they'll maintain it
           | later on. Even encouraging reading together has societal
           | value.
           | 
           | So, maybe tiny shark teeth are good motivation - i have no
           | idea. I'm not great at gauging what motivates kids. I still
           | don't understand minecraft.
        
           | clintonb wrote:
           | Do you have children? You tell them something is animal-
           | related and they tend to get really excited. Even more so for
           | dinosaurs. My five year old has no concept of money, but he
           | does have a concept of "new thing I can play with".
           | 
           | When I was a kid we had Book It. I got a free personal pan
           | pizza from Pizza Hut for every 10(?) books I read. I read a
           | lot of books! I also learned a lot along the way, and
           | continued the habit of reading for fun through college.
        
           | internet_points wrote:
           | I had similar qualms, but after seeing the actual effects
           | I've changed my mind, at least as regards Sommerles (I'm less
           | positive to other forms of gamification, especially if
           | they're considered an _alternative_ to non-gamified learning
           | instead of a minor supplement in a well-rounded system). We
           | already have prizes and competitions and these external
           | structures for sports and such. People send little kids into
           | soccer tournaments, we just make sure the rules aren 't too
           | strictly enforced and the major part of the reward is for
           | just playing.
           | 
           | I have a kid who loves listening to stories but isn't at all
           | motivated to read alone - and probably would not have read a
           | single book alone this summer if it wasn't for Sommerles.
           | Maybe it's not motivating for all kids, but I'm sure happy
           | it's helping my kid get some much-needed reading practice. I
           | also think you underestimate children. My other kid, already
           | a self-motivated reader, re-read short books really fast to
           | get all possible prizes within the first week (librarian
           | eyebrows were raised). Who was doing the manipulation here?
           | :-)
        
             | apwell23 wrote:
             | > much-needed reading practice
             | 
             | why is it 'much needed' ? let them chill man..:)
        
         | parpfish wrote:
         | when i was a kid, reading was gamified by pizza hut through the
         | 'book it' program.
        
       | kleiba wrote:
       | The Christian library one town over from where we live does a
       | "reading summer" event every year for the school holidays: kids
       | who borrow books, read them, and write a small book report (2-3
       | sentences) for them enter a lottery and can win a small prize at
       | the end of the holidays. And I believe every participants gets a
       | certificate also.
       | 
       | You'd think that this would not appeal to anyone, but they
       | actually have a great turnout every year. Quite amazing actually.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | Primary school kids in Switzerland used to (and maybe they
         | still do) run class-wide "competitions" on the points earned on
         | a similar reading challenge - Antolin if I remember correctly
         | and my kid was quite in for it.
        
           | kleiba wrote:
           | Cool. Although my gut reaction would be that this mostly
           | incentives the kids who already enjoy reading to read more,
           | while the ones who are not great at reading know that they
           | don't have a chance, so perhaps are discouraged from reading
           | even more?!
        
           | gsck wrote:
           | We had something like this in our school called Accelerated
           | Reader. Read books answer a quiz on it get points, best
           | class/student got rewarded.
           | 
           | Was really easy to game though. Our school library had a
           | selection of books for what I can only assume were for
           | special needs kids, really really simple books very few words
           | with even fewer pages. These books rewarded an appropriate
           | amount of points however so you got less, but you could
           | easily bang out 20 of those books in one class and get a lot
           | more points than you'd be rewarded for reading a real book.
           | 
           | A few of us would just go over grab a bunch of those books
           | and read through them in like 2 minutes and complete the
           | quiz.
           | 
           | They ended up not letting those books get used for AR
        
             | hombre_fatal wrote:
             | We had Accelerated Reader in my public school in Texas in
             | the early 2000s.
             | 
             | It was a pretty cool system.
             | 
             | The lottery system described upstream is terrible.
             | 
             | But with Accelerated Reader you would accumulate points
             | that you could spend on things like the Scholastic Book
             | Fair (buy books), slices of pizza for lunch, and various
             | toy gadgets. Sometimes a teacher would sell some gimmick
             | like a get out of homework ticket.
             | 
             | Of course, you'd have to read a good number of books to
             | receive any of these prizes. But you were always working
             | towards something unlike a lottery system which isn't
             | motivating at all.
        
             | 44520297 wrote:
             | My friend group got busted for gaming AR and we were banned
             | from it. The interface allowed us to sort the books by
             | points, so we took the top 10 books, split them up among
             | us, summarized them, took the tests, and gave each other
             | the answers. The jig was up when they printed a leaderboard
             | and we were all way ahead with an absurd number of points.
             | They took them all away and we weren't allowed to
             | participate anymore.
        
           | z2 wrote:
           | As yes, my school in the US did that (sporadically) and
           | awarded medals based on tiers. I remember thinking the silver
           | one looked the nicer, and so was careful not to read too much
           | over the summer.
        
             | gowld wrote:
             | Contests run by smarter people have a prize pool, with
             | prize selection priority assigned by performance rank.
             | 
             | https://usamts.org/about/prizes/
        
         | xtiansimon wrote:
         | As a yuth in the East Bay my Alameda Co. library had a summer
         | reading program with a treasure map. For each book you read,
         | you got a stamp on the map. Then at the end there was a
         | forgettable prize, though, after 45 years I've not forgotten
         | the journey.
        
           | cadr wrote:
           | I miss our east bay library. Not saying other places aren't
           | good, but that's where we were when our kids were little and
           | the staff was just so amazing.
        
         | jvm___ wrote:
         | Our local library had a summer reading program. You needed to
         | talk about the book to a librarian, so we were waiting in line.
         | The kid giving the book report was under 3 so it wasn't much of
         | a book report, she asked the usual questions including "what
         | was your favorite part of the book?"
         | 
         | The book the kid had read was Dinosailors which is about some
         | dinosaurs who go on a sailing trip. The memorable part of the
         | book is the page with no words that's just the dinosaurs
         | throwing up because they all got seasick.
         | 
         | So, the non-verbal child happily reenacted their favorite part
         | of the book.
        
           | passivegains wrote:
           | There's something beautiful about the kid using performance
           | as language. They've hit upon the greater truth that reading
           | and speech are important because text and the spoken word are
           | powerful mediums, but what truly matters is what they allow
           | us to express to each other.
           | 
           | Though I have worked with children enough to sympathize with
           | the not-beautiful part of this story too. (also that book
           | sounds rad as hell.)
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | Heave Ho! They cry. It won't stay down!
           | 
           | The next page illustration is epic.
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/M8p4FSYUqi4?feature=shared
        
         | RheingoldRiver wrote:
         | > You'd think that this would not appeal to anyone,
         | 
         | Why would this not appeal to anyone? Summer reading games are
         | super popular and kids love getting small prizes
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | Idk read a book and do homework to get a chance to win a
           | small thing during your summer break? That would've been a
           | hard sell to me as a kid. I'm glad to hear that my skepticism
           | about such a program is wrong though!
        
           | dessimus wrote:
           | My local library still does Summer reading programs for both
           | adults and kids. My teacher spouse does the adult one since
           | she has a lot of free time in the Summer. She gets at least
           | one gift basket each Summer that includes a $25 gift card to
           | a local restaurant, as I'm pretty sure its just her and maybe
           | 2 other adults doing it.
        
         | bigmadshoe wrote:
         | Growing up in Scotland my friends and I all partook in a
         | similar program
        
         | kyleblarson wrote:
         | Pizza Hut's BOOK IT! program in the 80's where I would get a
         | free personal pan pizza for each book read was a huge
         | motivator.
        
           | whycome wrote:
           | the obesity-literacy pendulum
        
             | Taylor_OD wrote:
             | The Pizza Hut Personal Pan Pizza has about 600 calories in
             | it. Maybe slightly indulgent, but that is a very reasonable
             | reward and trade off for getting kids to read more.
        
               | medfield wrote:
               | People troll too much with their low effort comments. The
               | thing was tiny, but it was a cool reward as a kid. I may
               | be mistaekn but there was a limit too, it was either one
               | per week or once a month.
        
               | 4d4m wrote:
               | +1 this was a really neat carrot. In retrospect I am
               | thankful for these carrots as they boost curiosity and
               | self-learning, without much harm. People are going to eat
               | out anyhow, what's the harm in marketing that also
               | supports good behavior?
        
               | jasonjayr wrote:
               | And it was a brilliant marketing gimmick too. The kid
               | would need their family to bring them, and siblings &
               | parents would probably pick up some drinks (fountain
               | drinks are what, 90% margin?) or their own food that they
               | might not have otherwise ordered out that night.
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | I wasn't trolling. It was just an attempt to highlight
               | something. this is a conversation about habit building.
               | Do you think that pizza hut was doing this because of
               | their love of reading? Is eating pizza regularly the good
               | habit to build? Is using food as a reward a good habit?
               | It's not good to associate eating foods with that elation
               | that a child gets when they "win the prize" -- that's how
               | people have issues later when their brain associates the
               | two states.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > Do you think that pizza hut was doing this because of
               | their love of reading?
               | 
               | Probably not; they really just wanted to make sure they
               | didn't get out pizzaed.
               | 
               | > Is eating pizza regularly the good habit to build?
               | 
               | Pizza is a fairly balanced food, depending on toppings.
               | Generally some protein, some vegetables. Macronutrient
               | wise, it's a bit carb heavy, but not overwhelmingly so.
               | Usually not a lot of added sugar, unless you're having a
               | BBQ pizza, and not that much natural sugar either; some
               | places might put more sugar into the pizza sauce though.
               | 
               | > Is using food as a reward a good habit?
               | 
               | No, probably not. But free food is a pretty effective
               | motivator, so people use it.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | _> Pizza is a fairly balanced food, depending on
               | toppings. Generally some protein, some vegetables.
               | Macronutrient wise, it 's a bit carb heavy, but not
               | overwhelmingly so. Usually not a lot of added sugar,
               | unless you're having a BBQ pizza, and not that much
               | natural sugar either; some places might put more sugar
               | into the pizza sauce though._
               | 
               | Just because there's comparatively little sugar in pizza,
               | does not make it a fairly balanced food. It's high in fat
               | and consequently high in calories. Case in point: that
               | personal pan pizza from Pizza Hut is the size of a man's
               | palm and has around 600 calories. 600! For a young child,
               | that tiny thing alone is a third of the total recommended
               | [1] daily calory intake. My son is 10, and he could
               | probably eat 4 or 5 of these suckers easily.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-
               | eating/eat-s...
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Taking data from Pizza Hut [1], per Pepperoni - Personal
               | Pan Pizza(r) Slice, there are 7 grams fat, 17 grams
               | carbohydrates, 6 grams protein. Per slice is kind of
               | silly, but we can analyze balance regardless. I picked
               | Pepperoni based on perceived popularity, not to cherry
               | pick.
               | 
               | At standard ratios [2], that's 63 kcal from fat, 68 from
               | carbs, 24 from protein. Or
               | 
               | 41% fat, 44% carb, 15% protein. Your resource suggests
               | 25-35% calories from fat, so it's not _that_ far off the
               | goal. I 'm not saying it's well balanced, just that it's
               | fairly balanced.
               | 
               | > For a young child, that tiny thing alone is a third of
               | the total recommended daily calory intake.
               | 
               | A third of the total recommended intake sounds
               | appropriate for a meal?
               | 
               | > My son is 10, and he could probably eat 4 or 5 of these
               | suckers easily.
               | 
               | Ok, but he's got to read 4 or 5 books for that, and maybe
               | over several weeks? I'm not really sure how to address
               | this. If you are going to eat 4 complete personal pizzas
               | if available, then you probably should avoid them.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nutritionix.com/pizza-hut/menu/premium
               | 
               | [2] https://www.nal.usda.gov/programs/fnic
        
       | mock-possum wrote:
       | I'm sure I'm not the only one who fondly remembers their local
       | public library's "summer reading program" - read books, win
       | prizes!
        
       | lenerdenator wrote:
       | Sure am glad that we didn't just cut $9 billion in funding
       | towards PBS and other public broadcasting institutions that aired
       | Reading Rainbow.
        
         | whycome wrote:
         | $9B?! Path to everything being private. Don't they want to also
         | break up NOAA and National Weather to make them basically just
         | data services? Private companies would then be the ones to
         | publish it. Want to know the weather? Subscribe.
        
           | camblomquist wrote:
           | They aren't breaking up NOAA just for the sake of
           | privatization, reliable weather reporting also makes it
           | harder to ignore Climate Change. From Project 2025 "[NOAA
           | offices] form a colossal operation that has become one of the
           | main drivers of the climate change alarm industry and, as
           | such, is harmful to future U.S. prosperity."
        
             | falcor84 wrote:
             | > climate change alarm industry
             | 
             | I would actually like to buy a climate change alarm clock
        
               | evilkorn wrote:
               | 10 minutes till midnight. Put it right next to your
               | nuclear clock
        
               | whycome wrote:
               | We just keep hitting snooze. That's how we got into this
               | mess.
               | 
               | (It's a future generation's problem, right?...)
        
               | fknorangesite wrote:
               | > We just keep hitting snooze.
               | 
               | Hah I wish - hitting snooze would at least push it back.
               | 
               | We're just putting our heads under the pillow to try and
               | ignore the blaring alarm.
        
               | h2zizzle wrote:
               | Gonna make one of those novelty clocks themed around the
               | financial boom-bust cycle, where, to silence it, you have
               | to get out of bed and literally kick a can.
        
             | malfist wrote:
             | > is harmful to future U.S. prosperity
             | 
             | So is sticking your head in the sand and ignoring the
             | coming disaster. Next quarter thinking should not be the
             | government policy.
        
               | andsoitis wrote:
               | Don't look up!
        
             | xorcist wrote:
             | > main drivers of the climate change alarm industry
             | 
             | This is clearly dog whistle langauge and not intended to be
             | taken literally, but it is starting to be a common trope
             | and it makes me very curious as to how this industry
             | operates? What's their main source of income, who benefits
             | from it, and how? And what is the supposed goal of it?
             | 
             | Raising the alarm about a conceieved threat could be a way
             | to raise money for more research, which might indirectly
             | benefit those scientists. But we haven't really seen a
             | corresponding massive increase in scientists employed, and
             | even if we did, they would have to find some way to leak
             | money through publicly funded research to their own private
             | enterprises because so far no one has suggested that we pay
             | scientific researchers too much. The way to combat that
             | would be to demand more transparency from universities, but
             | they're already pretty good about that.
             | 
             | It also doesn't match very well what those scientists are
             | actually _saying_. Which is mostly that the basic science
             | is indisputable since the past century and more research is
             | not required but _action_. Had the climate scientists been
             | siphoning public money through alarmists schemes, wouldn 't
             | they rather say that things are very dire but " _don 't
             | touch_! We need much more expensive research before we can
             | give any concrete advice"?
        
               | aerostable_slug wrote:
               | I don't think the allegation is that the scientists
               | themselves are who benefits.
               | 
               | Rather, I think the allegation is that it's those
               | involved in renewable energy development schemes that
               | result from the raised alarm, from product vendors to
               | site developers to construction contractors to energy
               | trading firms to... See also: politicians pushing Green
               | New Deal type policies. The scientists are enablers, not
               | the primary beneficiaries, at least as I understand the
               | allegations.
        
               | xorcist wrote:
               | That's a real issue with several real life examples, but
               | not really related to the issue of climate change or
               | climate alarmism, is it?
               | 
               | There's been plenty of extended circles around political
               | interests that has lined their pockets in matters of
               | alcohol and drug prevention, abuse prevention and health
               | care, but very few people seem to be taking the local
               | step to actually, alcohol are good for you and anyone
               | that says otherwise should be labelled alcohol alarmists.
               | It's pretty unique to climate research.
               | 
               | I seem to remember that there were was a enormous
               | backlash against CFC bans, and lots of talk about how it
               | would lead to the spread of preventable illness and
               | economic disaster, but it never reached nearly the same
               | levels of anti scientific discourse as we see today.
        
           | nimbius wrote:
           | These services are irreplaceable. once they are gone, they
           | are _gone._
           | 
           | as for NOAA, China could decide to undermine the profiteering
           | of weather in the US (as it did with AI using DeepSeek) by
           | simply expanding the Fengyun satellite constellation to cover
           | the globe (as it did with beidou) thereby providing weather
           | forecasts for North America as well via the web, social
           | media, and mobile app free of charge as a form of Kissinger
           | style "soft power."
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | satellites are one thing, but they can hardly replace
             | American radiosondes (well, without getting them shot out
             | of the sky anyway)
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | Didn't you hear? Sesame Street is old hat. The new way to
           | have kids learn stuff is with Little Beasts, a Mr. Beast
           | YouTube series brought to you by Prime Energy and Feastibles.
           | 
           | Like I'm joking but that's the idea.
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | At least we have the Australian's to give us Bluey and the
             | UK for Peppa pig.
        
               | noir_lord wrote:
               | For now, We (the UK) seem as usual to be on your path
               | just a decade or so behind.
               | 
               | Reform is our version of MAGA and just as odious.
        
         | pitpatagain wrote:
         | Just for full accuracy: $9b is the total in the claw back bill.
         | About $1.1b of that is CPB (PBS+NPR).
        
           | lenerdenator wrote:
           | So what you're saying is, Trump or Elon could, in theory,
           | write a check and fund it for the next fiscal year?
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | If you want to go back to the medieval patronage model,
             | that's certainly a possibility. There were good reasons for
             | moving away from that model, though.
        
               | manwe150 wrote:
               | Surely you don't think it could be that bad if we were to
               | sell all of our news media to a few rich companies in
               | what some have called an oligopoly
        
             | nilamo wrote:
             | Someone could also fund it forever, with a donation large
             | enough such that the endowment's dividends exceed yearly
             | costs.
             | 
             | But no one has.
        
             | disposition2 wrote:
             | Based on the text of the legislation passed by the Senate,
             | it looks like the ~$1 billion was for 2026 & 2027 fiscal
             | years.
             | 
             | > (20) (A) Amounts made available for "Corporation for
             | Public Broadcasting" for fiscal year 2026 by Public Law
             | 118-47 are rescinded.
             | 
             | > (B) Amounts made available for "Corporation for Public
             | Broadcasting" for fiscal year 2027 by Public Law 119-4 are
             | rescinded.
             | 
             | https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-
             | bill/4/te...
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | That's just the PBS stuff everyone knows about.
         | 
         | Back in the 90's and 00's, PBS had a show called "Irasshai" [1]
         | aimed at high school students. It was a complete two year
         | Japanese language education class filmed in conjunction with
         | Georgia Tech.
         | 
         | They produced 140 30-minute lessons and produced two 500 page
         | text books and teacher lesson plans. Study materials, homework,
         | tests - everything.
         | 
         | It typically aired at 4 AM, so they asked you to set your VCR
         | to record. If you couldn't do that, they could mail you the
         | entire VHS boxed set of episodes.
         | 
         | But that's not the cool and powerful part. They actually let
         | you register for classes and conference call in with an actual
         | teacher. Twice to three times a week with class sizes of 4-6
         | students. Everyone took turns reading, answering questions,
         | practicing dialogue. All year long.
         | 
         | There were tests and grades, and regular 1-1 proctored verbal
         | exams. It was incredible.
         | 
         | The entire program was offered for free.
         | 
         | It was one of the coolest ways to learn Japanese and it was
         | incredibly effective. This was such an amazing program for high
         | schools that typically only offered Spanish lessons.
         | 
         | And now that's gone.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.gpb.org/irasshai
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Thank you for the link. The videos are there on the web site,
           | not gone.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | The videos may be there but the program is gone.
        
           | syndeo wrote:
           | Wow. I would've absolutely done that had I known about it. (I
           | was in high school in the very late 2000s/early 2010s, so
           | perhaps I was already too late, but yeah, wow.)
           | 
           | Thanks for that link though, a commenter says the vids are
           | still there. (I'm too busy learning Chinese at this point
           | though, I'm afraid!)
        
           | drdec wrote:
           | What is the case for funding this via a public television
           | station instead of via schools? We already have
           | infrastructure and a wider reach for education in schools?
           | Wouldn't the money have been better served creating a
           | Japanese language program in Georgia high schools?
        
             | jkaplowitz wrote:
             | This benefited interested people nationwide, not only in
             | Georgia but certainly including Georgia, and without
             | disrupting local school's already tight budgets in ways
             | that their local decision makers would find hard to afford.
        
         | ninetyninenine wrote:
         | The obvious thing to cut is the goddamn military. I'm not even
         | talking about cutting things off to make the military weaker in
         | a world that largely doesn't need a powerful military. I'm
         | talking about actual insane over spending.
         | 
         | But even Elon couldn't do that. I don't know if any president
         | can. Something is deeply wrong here.
        
           | shigawire wrote:
           | >Even Elon
           | 
           | I think that is the wrong framing. I'd be more surprised if
           | someone with no real government experience has much success
           | with that venture.
           | 
           | I'd rather have someone with years and years of experience
           | with DoD budgets and the expertise to prioritize the right
           | cuts.
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Of course a guy with zero knowledge of how things work, but a
           | lot of confidence and ideaologically fueeled ressentment
           | could not cut spending.
           | 
           | Then again, goal was to destroy and harm and that was
           | achieved.
        
           | tracker1 wrote:
           | I'm all for cutting the military spending to less than
           | half... that said, it's still much smaller than entitlement
           | spending at this point... there needs to be a lot of effort
           | to reduce fraud and increase competition in medical/pharma
           | space. Why there aren't licensing and dual sourcing
           | requirements for medications is beyond me. Let alone allowing
           | commercials that nowhere else in the world allows.
        
             | sorcerer-mar wrote:
             | Pharma companies already aren't very profitable and it's
             | getting worse and worse every year (called "Eroom's Law"
             | for the reverse of Moore's).
             | 
             | The US's uniquely fucked healthcare situation is thanks to
             | 1) administrative overhead of tons of competitive and
             | extremely complex distinct health plans, and 2) the labor
             | cost of doctors, much of which gets captured by the
             | _extremely_ consolidated health systems that employ them.
             | 
             | The US needs to dump money into training a _lot_ more
             | doctors. Not by subsidizing student loans, but by directly
             | creating public medical schools that train doctors on the
             | cheap and let them escape with no student debt.
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | I'd settle for not capping residency slots and in return
               | allowing doctors to own hospitals.
        
               | sorcerer-mar wrote:
               | Residency slots are not capped. Common misconception.
               | 
               | Private parties are welcome to create and fund residency
               | slots if they want. They typically don't because it's a
               | totally nonsense investment -- perfect example of a
               | problem that private investment markets would fail to
               | solve.
               | 
               | The "cap" refers to the fact that CMS doesn't _fund_ an
               | infinite number of residency slots.
               | 
               | So you and I are saying similar things, which is that the
               | government needs to fund more MD training.
        
           | johnsmith1840 wrote:
           | Watching the events over the past several years and thinking
           | we need to reduce military spending is a wild take.
           | 
           | Even the EU and Japan have massive increased amount of
           | additional spend into military.
           | 
           | The free world is under WW2 levels of threat. Hundreds of
           | millions of people are going to perish unless deterence
           | works.
        
             | kjellsbells wrote:
             | Wanting to reduce spending does not automatically mean
             | reduced force capability, nor reduced deterrence.
             | 
             | The challenge is that the next war wont look like the last
             | one or the one before that. So you might decide that
             | instead of sinking a gazillion dollars on a 25-year project
             | to build some fighter jets or littoral ships, you spend
             | half a gazillion dollars on cyber and drones.
             | 
             | Problem is that states and their leaders (politicians,
             | business, resident voices) find it emotionally and
             | politically hard to pivot from building X in state A to
             | building Y in state B.
             | 
             | Right now, everyone is studying the lessons of the Ukraine
             | war. That certainly should be looked at and learned from
             | (build drones at mass scale, say) but it would also be
             | possible to draw entirely incorrect conclusions for the
             | next war. As a land war in Europe, Ukraine shows us the
             | importance of essentially 1900s-style tools: shells and
             | ordnance by the million. Tanks. Etc. If (god forbid)
             | someone got into a hot war with China, the needs would be
             | entirely different.
        
               | johnsmith1840 wrote:
               | I don't disagree but clearly not what the op was trying
               | to say.
               | 
               | To your points.
               | 
               | Isreal just leveled iran without a single plane shot
               | down, tech still dominates. The F35 is a terrifying
               | weapon and Irans drone and missle attacks were
               | ineffective. Ukraine shows us what two poor and land
               | locked countries fight like.
        
               | noir_lord wrote:
               | It's always tempting to look at the Russian assault on
               | Ukraine and "learn lessons" but you also have to remember
               | that NATO countries aren't Ukraine and Russia isn't
               | China.
               | 
               | The use of drones by both sides is in part because
               | neither side could get air superiority, Ukraine because
               | it barely had an air force and Russia because..well
               | decades of corruption.
               | 
               | If the US had invaded Ukraine, Ukraine would have lost in
               | under a month, the insurgency would be horrific and make
               | Iraq look mild but militarily Russia was a complete
               | basket case.
               | 
               | The lesson we should take is that ammunition stockpiles
               | evaporate faster than you expect always in a full scale
               | war, this has been true all the way back to the invention
               | of the bow though.
        
           | johannes1234321 wrote:
           | > But even Elon couldn't do that.
           | 
           | Why should he? Who pays for Starlink? Who pays for rocket
           | launches with satellite cargo? Who pays for advanced vehicle
           | research?
           | 
           | Musk is benefiting of that by a lot. Where he cuts is
           | oversight over his business and areas where one can provide
           | commercial products.
        
         | deadbabe wrote:
         | I will miss PBS SpaceTime on YouTube :(
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | PBS is a national treasure.
        
       | AdmiralAsshat wrote:
       | My favorite Doors song! [0]
       | 
       | [0] https://youtu.be/--RYPHqbD50?si=YvldZg_xt--H3LSn
        
       | kochb wrote:
       | LeVar Burton hosted a podcast marketed for adults where he read
       | short stories. Though it ended last year, there are almost 200
       | episodes in the archive.
       | 
       | He's still been at work encouraging lifelong reading all these
       | years later.
       | 
       | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/levar-burton-reads/id1...
        
       | david2ndaccount wrote:
       | Summer reading programs are a band-aid on the problem that
       | children shouldn't have such a long summer break now that air
       | conditioning is common. Spread the breaks out throughout the year
       | if you want to maintain the same number of days off. All evidence
       | shows the summer break is bad for children's academic achievement
       | (especially poor children), but it is viewed as a perk for the
       | teachers so the teacher's unions fight against questioning it.
        
         | joshbetz wrote:
         | It is the only vacation most teachers get, so of course they
         | fight against shortening it
        
           | bigfishrunning wrote:
           | The argument wasn't for shortening it, but for distributing
           | it through the year. I have never in my adult life taken 10
           | consecutive weeks off, and 5 two-week breaks would still be
           | very generous.
        
         | lurkshark wrote:
         | Let's say summer break is basically 3 months. I as a parent
         | need to figure out childcare for that 3 month period at the
         | beginning of summer. This is a much more time consuming
         | endeavor than most would expect (or at least more than I
         | expected). If you distribute those months throughout the year I
         | need to repeat this process 3 different times, adding a bunch
         | of overhead that could be spent on activities more beneficial
         | to my family and kids.
         | 
         | Edit: Adding that I realize the summer slowdown absolutely
         | exists and has a disproportionate effect on those that don't
         | need another wrench thrown in their life. But just wanted to
         | add a perspective that isn't "teacher union boogeyman".
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | Maybe summer break also has some value for the joy it brings to
         | children? Their lives shouldn't just be preparation for
         | adulthood, it's worth making childhood enjoyable too.
        
         | BrandonM wrote:
         | That assumes academic achievement should be the primary aim of
         | childhood. What I learned in school was incredibly important--
         | don't get me wrong--but what I learned over the summer was
         | arguably more important.
         | 
         | As a child of divorce, I cherished 6 straight weeks at my mom's
         | house (we only visited every other weekend during school). As a
         | working class kid, I earned probably half my annual spending
         | money over the summer.
         | 
         | My wife and I now have kids, and we've always loved to travel
         | (and needed to just to visit family). Summer is the only time
         | available for extended family trips (2+ weeks).
        
         | kodt wrote:
         | Not every school has air-conditioning however.
         | 
         | And there are schools that do year-round schedules, but the
         | total time off is about the same. They will typically get a
         | longer winter break, longer spring break, an additional fall
         | break, and then a much shortened summer break, but those add up
         | to about the same time off overall. I know many teachers who
         | prefer that system, some because it means they get paychecks
         | more consistently throughout the year, and also it gives you
         | more spread out breaks and flexibility in taking trips instead
         | of being locked in to summer/Christmas/one week in the spring.
         | 
         | The strongest push back to this schedule is in fact parents.
         | The primary issue is once their kids are in different schools
         | (high school / middle school / elementary) with different
         | schedules this causes issues as kids are not longer on break at
         | the same times. In addition summer camp programs are tied to
         | the traditional schedule leaving kids in the year round
         | schedule with fewer or no options.
         | 
         | In order to change it, you also need neighboring
         | districts/communities/private schools/programming to all shift
         | as well, otherwise it becomes too much of as hassle for parents
         | & teachers.
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | In other words, any time spent outside of school is time
         | wasted?
         | 
         | We've cut the music and art in schools too. I guess the end
         | state is one long endless math class. I'm sure those kids will
         | be well adjusted.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Air conditioning is common, but at least in some regions, it
         | would be a tremendous expense for the the school to condition
         | their buildings for occupation during the summer. And many
         | buildings were designed around the summer break, so they may
         | not have capacity to condition the buildings for occupation
         | during the summer; this is not without its problems as some
         | buildings end up being unfit for occupation during the school
         | year, especially as the climate gets less consistent. There's
         | probably some opportunity for savings in places where
         | increasing hours during the summer could result in decreasing
         | hours in the winter, though.
         | 
         | I think there's _some_ cultural value in having a shared
         | experience of summer vacation. But I agree, breaking up the
         | breaks throughout the year, where possible, would make a lot of
         | sense. There 's a benefit of less crowding when school
         | districts have different weeks off; although it's harder for
         | extended families to meet up when their school schedules are
         | drastically different.
        
       | kjkjadksj wrote:
       | I would always get a summer writing slump. Write nothing at all
       | from june to august then I couldn't read my own handwriting. My
       | poor teachers.
        
       | xunil2ycom wrote:
       | is this news?
        
         | fknorangesite wrote:
         | Does it have to be?
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | This article lavishes well-deserved praise on the intentions
       | behind _Reading Rainbow_. I know I loved the show as a kid.
       | 
       | But it seems like childhood reading scores were pretty much flat
       | between 1983 and 2006, when the show was on the air: they only
       | varied by 10-15 points on a 500 point scale[1], and there was no
       | clear upward trend, it just sort of fluctuated. Reading for
       | pleasure has never been lower among kids, either[2]. It doesn't
       | seem to me that the mission of the show was achieved, if the
       | mission was to make children read more books, and understand them
       | more.
       | 
       | Ultimately I think it ended up just being a pleasurable way to
       | have kids get distracted by a friendly, positive TV show. My
       | guess is that if you want to improve reading scores and habits,
       | parents have to do more than just turn the dial to PBS.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ltt/?age=9
       | 
       | [2] https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/11/12/among-
       | man...
        
         | pinko wrote:
         | You may be right, but we have no idea what the scores would
         | have been had Reading Rainbow _not_ been on (i.e., maybe it
         | held off a decline), so this isn 't really meaningful one way
         | or the other.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | They didn't start tracking in 1983, the numbers I linked
           | start in 1971. The trend line is pretty much the same from
           | 1971 to 1983 as it is from 1983 to 2006. In any case, a
           | skeptical person would not look at that graph and say that
           | there was a successful effort to improve childhood literacy
           | represented on it.
           | 
           | It's true that we don't know the counterfactual: it's
           | possible literacy would have plummeted precipitously starting
           | in 1984 if _Reading Rainbow_ hadn 't been a bulwark. But I
           | don't find that the most likely explanation, personally.
        
         | orforforof wrote:
         | It would be more relevant to look at reading scores for
         | children who specifically tuned into Reading Rainbow. I suspect
         | the number of viewers was a small fraction of all children in
         | the US, in which case the show's ability to affect the
         | nationwide reading scores would be low. In other words, I don't
         | believe the data you cited supports a conclusion that the show
         | was ineffective at educating individual viewers.
        
           | karaterobot wrote:
           | We'd also have to figure out whether children who already
           | loved reading watched _Reading Rainbow_ , or if children who
           | hated reading started liking it after watching. Since nobody
           | has that data, I'll go with the aggregate.
           | 
           | > In other words, I don't believe the data you cited supports
           | a conclusion that the show was ineffective at educating
           | individual viewers.
           | 
           | I don't think it conclusively proves anything, but I do think
           | it supports a skeptical position. The article doesn't cite
           | anything supporting the notion that _Reading Rainbow_
           | improved childhood literacy, so I 'm wondering if you take
           | the position that it did--and if so, on what basis?
        
         | Loudergood wrote:
         | Any scheme that counts on parents to do something unfortunately
         | leaves many kids in the dust at no fault of their own.
        
         | h2zizzle wrote:
         | RR was swimming against a current; 83-06 (and even going back
         | to the early 70s) would have been the first generation+ raised
         | by the first generations raised by TV, or with a TV in the
         | house. It was also the first generation with access to the
         | internet during childhood and young adulthood. People waiting
         | for the movie to come out instead of reading the novel, etc.
         | Everything about the technological zeitgeist was selling
         | Americans on the idea that books didn't matter. The question
         | isn't whether RR raised reading scores, but whether it kept
         | them above water. Your graphs can't tell us anything about
         | which is the case, but considering the context shows us which
         | question is actually interesting and which isn't.
        
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