[HN Gopher] Two guys hated using Comcast, so they built their ow...
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       Two guys hated using Comcast, so they built their own fiber ISP
        
       Author : LorenDB
       Score  : 251 points
       Date   : 2025-07-14 15:45 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | ipython wrote:
       | So glad to see a renewed emphasis on proper wired infrastructure.
       | It seems the "big boys" (Verizon, T-Mobile, etc) are heavily
       | pushing wireless and not building out new wired areas, I assume
       | because it's less capital intensive.
       | 
       | Hell if there's a way to invest in Prime-One, these guys seem to
       | have their stuff together...
        
         | LoganDark wrote:
         | > It seems the "big boys" (Verizon, T-Mobile, etc) are heavily
         | pushing wireless and not building out new wired areas
         | 
         | Those are all telecom providers. It makes sense that they'd
         | love wireless because they already have cellular
         | infrastructure.
        
       | kube-system wrote:
       | I've seen a few articles about folks who started an ISP and they
       | always talk about the physical infrastructure. But in today's
       | world where ISP ads are touting the speeds of their wifi, it
       | really makes me wonder what the support burden ends up being
       | like. What's the breakdown for _actual_ ISP issues vs issues with
       | customer equipment?
        
         | ecshafer wrote:
         | This is 10 years out, but I used to work on an IT help desk,
         | that was the outsourced 24/7 helpdesk / hosting for a
         | collection of small local/regional isps (<5000 customer rural
         | dsl companies, local municipalities, apartments, etc) My
         | ballpark estimate from that over 3 years working there is
         | probably 75%+ are Not equipment related. Setting up email was a
         | big one, people accidentally hitting the input/source button on
         | their remote and losing their STB input setting, People needing
         | to reboot their router, flushing DNS settings / winsock reset.
         | These might have been the majority of cases.
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | other than flushing DNS / winsock resets, I don't understand
           | how the rest of those are blockers.
           | 
           | I think my conception of basic tech illiteracy among the
           | general public is vastly wrong. I generally like to believe
           | most people are competent enough to handle these sorts of
           | things.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Those aren't mutually exclusive things. Even if 99.9% of
             | Comcast customers are pretty good with technology, and only
             | 1 in 1000 customers are illiterate enough that they have
             | trouble selecting the correct input on their TV... with 32
             | million customers, that means you might get tens of
             | thousands of calls about it.
             | 
             | But really, internet (and digital TV) services are
             | pervasive enough that they are no longer just for
             | technologically inclined and resourceful people. All
             | aspects of society are now using the internet, even the
             | homeless, impoverished, disabled, and institutionalized.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | I'd imagine it's a lot less than "Okay, let's start by going
         | into your dialer settings..."
         | 
         | With fiber, the ISP can see that everything is good up to the
         | GPON terminal. Probably the router too as most customers will
         | just use the ISP provided one. So that leaves the ethernet
         | interface / wifi card as the only thing that would fail and
         | have to be ascertained over the phone, and with a local ISP its
         | probably more cost effective to cut out all the abstractions
         | and just have a tech stop by to check it out.
         | 
         | On the other side, customers have become a lot more used to
         | self help. For example their email isn't even hosted with the
         | ISP any more! I would think that most people would be aware
         | that if a device works good close to the router, and not good
         | far, the issue is wifi range. If they're still calling the ISP,
         | you can direct them towards wifi extenders. Or if device A does
         | not work but device B does, it's not a problem to call the ISP
         | about. And so on.
         | 
         | Of course this is my idyllic view not having worked ISP tech
         | support in a few decades...
        
         | boredtofears wrote:
         | Which is why comcast goes to such great lengths to ensure they
         | own as much of your network stack as they can - in my area at
         | least, their support is capable of fully managing your router
         | and WiFi remotely if you're leasing their equipment. I imagine
         | this is a great boon for their ability to provide tech support
         | (and includes a host of other "features" that don't serve
         | direct customer needs such as a non-optional guest WiFi access
         | point that any other comcast user can use).
         | 
         | This leads to fun tech support calls if you use your own
         | equipment where you're basically proving to the support
         | underling that you know how to run your equipment for the first
         | 20-30 minutes before they take your issue seriously (yes, the
         | modem light is green, yes, I've already power-cycled, yes, I'm
         | testing on a wired connection, etc)
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | > _This leads to fun tech support calls if you use your own
           | equipment where you 're basically proving to the support
           | underling that you know how to run your equipment for the
           | first 20-30 minutes_
           | 
           | For analyzing support burden, I think the relevant question
           | here is why have you even had the experience of calling tech
           | support for a non-working connection - and that falls
           | squarely on the non-reliability of Comcast's network.
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | Comcast killed my Internet during an interview video call.
             | 
             | Called them to ask why, and they said it was a planned
             | outage. When was it planned, I asked? 17 minutes ago.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Exactly. That's the kind of logic that only makes sense
               | in a metastasized corpo. The only times my non-incumbent
               | fiber connection has gone down in 8 years have been
               | overnight maintenance windows that only happen maybe a
               | few times per year.
        
           | massysett wrote:
           | The guest wifi - Xfinity WiFi - can be disabled.
           | 
           | https://www.xfinity.com/support/articles/disable-xfinity-
           | wif...
        
             | boredtofears wrote:
             | Last I checked (years ago) it turned itself back on any
             | time the router was power cycled.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | I know for a while (I switched back to consumer a few
               | years ago) Comcast Business let you persistently opt out,
               | but if you opted out, you couldn't use other people's APs
               | (either "share and get access to that network" or "don't
               | share, and don't").
               | 
               | Now I just use my own customer modem.
        
           | teeray wrote:
           | > proving to the support underling that you know how to run
           | your equipment for the first 20-30 minutes
           | 
           | I usually speedrun this by telling them something like: I am
           | hardwired to the modem and seeing T4s in the log.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | > Great. Glad to hear you are connected via hard wire Mr.
             | teeray.
             | 
             | > Please wait a moment while I check on some things on your
             | account.
             | 
             | > Thank you for your patience. Can you please confirm for
             | me that you see a green light on the top of the device? Can
             | you tell me whether the light is blinking or is solid?
        
           | kayge wrote:
           | If only 'shibboleet' had caught on -.-
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/806/
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | Back when Comcast made it absolutely mandatory to have a
             | technician come to the house to do the install, I just
             | chatted with the tech about computer networking and our
             | respective home setups. This usually got me the phone
             | number for the local tech support office along with a "Call
             | this if the service is giving you any _real_ issues. ".
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | My experience from almost a decade ago, mostly in DSL land, is
         | that most customer calls were "my WiFi doesn't reach through
         | the solid steel wall the router is hung against" and "how do I
         | set up my email" and maybe "I lost the password to my WiFi
         | again". WiFi issues were especially bad when 802.11n got
         | finalised but there were tons of "draft n" WiFi devices out
         | there that _almost_ followed the WiFi spec. I still shudder
         | when I see Atheros listed in device manager.
         | 
         | There were things that made the ISP I worked at special, one of
         | them being that we pretty much defaulted to having customers
         | hook up their own DSL, which meant spending a lot of call time
         | helping people who have no idea what an RJ11 jack is install
         | plugs and adapters.
         | 
         | I've also spent a lot of time on "the password I use for my
         | email doesn't work on my Facebook" and "my USB printer doesn't
         | work". People don't know who to call for tech support so they
         | try their ISP. There was also the occasional "the internet is
         | broken" whenever the user's home page had a different theme or
         | design as well, those usually came in waves.
         | 
         | Once the modem and/or router is installed, most internet
         | services Just Work. There are outages and bad modems and the
         | occasional bad software update to deal with, but they're a
         | relatively low call volume compared to what customers call
         | about.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | ISPs are weird: You don't call the water department if your
         | sink is backed up--you call a plumber. You also don't call the
         | electric company when you want to wire your finished basement--
         | you hire an electrician. ISPs somehow became responsible for
         | absolutely every aspect of consuming their service though. Why
         | isn't "home internet plumber" a thing?
        
           | dmonitor wrote:
           | Most people don't have the equivalent of home internet
           | plumbing in general. They have a hole drilled into the wall
           | (by the ISP) where the all-in-one modem-router-switch-wap
           | sits on a shelf. There's probably a third party service to
           | get ethernet run through your walls, and maybe even replace
           | your all-in-one box with something good, but most people are
           | just doing the equivalent of getting water straight out of
           | the water company's tap with no plumbing.
        
             | pintxo wrote:
             | Nice analogy!
        
             | MostlyStable wrote:
             | This, and also, it's much more common for internet problems
             | to be caused by upstream issues not in the house (partly
             | because of the situation you describe....not much to go
             | wrong on the users end). It's very rare that a plumbing
             | problem is because the main water line lost pressure.
             | 
             | Back when I still had ISPs that provided the modem +
             | router, every single issue I think I ever had fell into one
             | of two categories: a modem and/or router power cycle fixed
             | it, or it was a broader network issue that had nothing to
             | do with me or my particular internet situation (this is
             | omitting the most common third issue: terrible customer
             | service problems, but that's a separate thing)
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Having worked with the public before, I have no doubt that a
           | lot of people likely do contact utility companies for issues
           | inside their home. Some of them even do have repair programs
           | with outside contractors. People often simply call whoever
           | they have an existing business relationship with for issues
           | related to that product/service. It may be ignorant but it
           | isn't illogical.
           | 
           | Also, as the other commenter pointed out, ISPs don't
           | terminate their service at the edge of your premises.
           | Basically all of them today will connect one of your devices
           | to confirm installation.
        
           | icedchai wrote:
           | After fixing internet for some neighbors and older relatives,
           | I've wondered if people would pay for a home network /
           | internet handyman service. It's super frustrating, especially
           | for older folks. They often confuse their email passwords,
           | ISP passwords, wifi setup, etc. Also I could save them a
           | bunch of money getting rid of services they don't use, like
           | moving their landlines to VOIP.
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | I had the same thought, and even took on a few "customers"
             | (local folks I didn't charge, but used as a test group). If
             | I decide to do it "for real" I will definitely need to
             | build a relationship with a person who can run ethernet
             | cables through walls for people. I can do that, but the
             | time it would take would not make it worth it for me.
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Also I could save them a bunch of money getting rid of
             | services they don't use, like moving their landlines to
             | VOIP.
             | 
             | If you want a landline to call emergency services, I'd
             | expect a real landline will have higher uptime than one
             | that depends on your router.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | VoIP doesn't necessarily require your router to be up.
               | 
               | For example, if you subscribe to Verizon FiOS voice, the
               | technician will disconnect your copper phone lines and
               | connect them to VoIP termination on your ONT.
        
               | icedchai wrote:
               | This is true, but it's not just that. How many useless
               | cable TV packages are people paying for, on top of
               | Netflix, Hulu, and tons of other streaming services?
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | For the same reason you called the phone company when your
           | phone went out, not a phone plumber.
        
           | akerl_ wrote:
           | I don't understand what you mean. If you want Ethernet run
           | through your house, or coax in more places, or access points
           | mounted, you don't call your ISP.
           | 
           | You call an electrician or a handyman or somebody and tell
           | them you have some low voltage work.
           | 
           | The ISP provides a cable box and modem to most homes in the
           | same way that the electric company sticks a meter on your
           | wall.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | > If you want Ethernet run through your house, or coax in
             | more places, or access points mounted, you don't call your
             | ISP.
             | 
             | In the US, most do. This is a standard part of "in home
             | installation" when first subscribing to service for all of
             | the major providers in the US.
             | 
             | Example: https://forums.xfinity.com/conversations/customer-
             | service/sc...
        
           | Polizeiposaune wrote:
           | There are times when you're better off calling the local
           | sewer department first.
           | 
           | In San Jose, if you see evidence that your house's main drain
           | has backed up and you have a cleanout within 5' of the
           | sidewalk, you're better off calling the city first before
           | calling a plumber -- the sewer department will snake the
           | "lateral" pipe between the cleanout and the main sewer line
           | under the street for free.
           | 
           | The one time we used this the response time was very quick
           | (in line with the 30 minute response time they cite on their
           | website).
        
         | bcrl wrote:
         | Fibre is orders of magnitude better than DSL or cable as entire
         | classes of problems are eliminated. Water shorting out copper
         | pairs? Not a problem unless the water gets inside a splice and
         | freezes causing significant bends that lower signal levels.
         | Water getting into a cable is generally not an issue as most
         | cables are either gell filled or have water blocking tapes.
         | Lightning strikes are generally a non-issue since the cable
         | isn't going to conduct a damaging charge into the ONU/ONT.
         | 
         | With careful selection of the customer ONU/ONT, the incidence
         | of support calls means that it can be weeks between customer
         | issues on smaller networks. These days my biggest support
         | headache is in house wireless coverage. It's also the one part
         | of internet service that most people are unwilling to invest
         | even small amounts of money to improve. The worst are the folks
         | that install outdoor wireless security cameras without thinking
         | ahead to putting them on a dedicated network to avoid driving
         | up airtime usage and congesting the main wireless AP.
        
         | adambatkin wrote:
         | My electricity and water is much more reliable than my Internet
         | service. Then again, I've never called my ISP about an issue
         | that wasn't 100% on them, but the HN crowd is more exceptional
         | in that sense than most people.
        
       | RyanOD wrote:
       | Congrats! I grew up just down the road from Saline. Exciting to
       | see this happening on my old stomping grounds. Best of luck.
        
       | throw0101b wrote:
       | A presentation from 2020 NLNOG by Jared Mauch who did something
       | similar in Michigan community:
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASXJgvy3mEg
       | 
       | 2020 NANOG:
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Twe6uTwOyJo
        
       | Rooster61 wrote:
       | I once lived in a town with local high speed (although it was
       | cable, not fiber). It really does make a world of difference in
       | terms of what you pay and what kind of support you get.
       | 
       | It's disgusting that big telecom has been able to monopolize so
       | much of the US for so long.
        
       | yalok wrote:
       | Still waiting for someone to do the same in Bay Area. Many parts
       | of it don't have any fiber optics options, even though Sonic does
       | provide some in the north.
       | 
       | AT&T put an optic cable at my curb 10 years ago (most likely due
       | to imminent competition from Google Fiber internet), but then
       | never lit it (most likely because Google dropped their effort due
       | to complications with cities)...
        
         | Cerium wrote:
         | Downtown San Jose is nice - I have fibers from both AT&T and
         | Sonic. I switched from AT&T to Sonic a couple years ago and
         | have been impressed. I pay half what I did, get 10x the speed,
         | and customer service is much better.
        
           | mosdl wrote:
           | Downtown SJ has sail internet as well, great local isp!
        
             | Cerium wrote:
             | Thanks for saying so - I got a flyer and didn't realize
             | they are local.
        
             | mayli wrote:
             | I am on it, still a little bit pricer than Comcast, but
             | worth every penny.
        
         | dilyevsky wrote:
         | Sonic is doing this in sfba. Used to be att reseller now they
         | lay their own fiber, 50% cheaper plans, byo router, ipv6 that
         | actually works, great service.
        
           | PantaloonFlames wrote:
           | Pardon my ignorance but what is the benefit to ipv6 for
           | local, consumer internet?
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | For regular folks there isn't much benefit tbh. Mainly I
             | think it simplifies ISP architecture and offers slightly
             | faster (like 10%) performance but ISPs have to support IPv4
             | stack for foreseeable future anyway so kinda moot point. If
             | you game a lot p2p (i don't) you should, in theory, see
             | lower lag.
             | 
             | For me personally, I work on networking startup so I'd like
             | to be able to run IPv6 stack from my home network to test
             | things.
        
               | simoncion wrote:
               | If you don't currently have IPv6 service, have you looked
               | into something like Hurricane Electric's IPv6 tunnel
               | broker? [0] It's how I got my first IPv6 subnet, and
               | worked really well for me. I stopped using it when
               | Comcast finally got around to providing IPv6 for non-
               | business accounts.
               | 
               | [0] https://tunnelbroker.net/
        
               | frollogaston wrote:
               | Most video games don't work with ipv6 at all, which is
               | ironic since in theory they're the exact use case for it
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | The big customer-visible feature is that every machine on
             | their LAN _can_ be globally reachable. For ISPs that
             | absolutely cannot get enough IPv4 space to give their
             | customers even a single globally-reachable IPv4 address,
             | this would be the only way to get any global IP space. IME,
             | edge routers that are intended for networking noobs to use
             | often set up their firewalls so that they block inbound
             | unsolicited IPv6 traffic, but (unlike with IPv4 NAT) there
             | 's the option of opening up multiple hosts to some or all
             | inbound traffic.
             | 
             | Another feature that I find to be pretty stupid (but that
             | some folks seem to really like) are IPv6 "privacy"
             | addresses. Because each host _usually_ is assigned an IPv6
             | address in a subnet that 's 64 bits wide, most mainstream
             | OS's have configured their IPv6 address autoconfigurator to
             | set one stable, "permanent" address, and to set a parade of
             | periodically changing "temporary" addresses. The OS is
             | usually configured to prefer the permanent address when
             | software asks for a socket to _listen_ on (and sockets that
             | handle replies to that listen socket), and those temporary
             | addresses are preferred for sockets that initiate outbound
             | traffic. The idea is that this is supposed to confuse
             | tracking, but I 'm very skeptical of its efficacy in the
             | real world.
             | 
             | Finally, a customer can also usually get enough IP space to
             | make globally-reachable subnets on their LAN. Depending how
             | the ISP has configured things, a customer can get between
             | four and 256 subnets. These subnets are handy to provide
             | networks that provide globally-reachable IP addresses, but
             | that can be easily logically isolated from the rest of the
             | LAN by the router.
        
             | frollogaston wrote:
             | Pretty much negative, I always disable it
        
           | llsf wrote:
           | Unfortunately Sonic does not cover the whole bay, and
           | certainly not all SF. I am still waiting for Sonic to cover
           | the heart of the City (Eureka Valley).
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | I have two lit fiber cables to my house in exurban maryland and
         | I find it hilarious that many places in the Bay Area have zero.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | It could just be mundane technical debt or just organizational
         | bureaucracy .
         | 
         | I recently moved into Menlo Park and had no problems getting
         | 2.5Gbps from ATT fiber.
        
         | Dotnaught wrote:
         | In most of San Francisco and parts of the East Bay, there's
         | MonkeyBrains: https://www.monkeybrains.net/
        
           | llsf wrote:
           | Does Monkeybrains offer fiber now ?
           | 
           | I have been a customer for 14 years now. Would love to move
           | to higher bandwidth.
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | I am always baffled by these things. Say there's a huge company
       | with a monopoly in your area. My first thought is "How did they
       | _get_ that monopoly? What happened to all the other people who
       | must surely have had the idea to compete with them?" But no,
       | these stories are always treating "Hey, let's start a competing
       | company!" like some revolutionary idea that nobody has thought of
       | before, and that success is assured.
        
         | Neywiny wrote:
         | I didn't think I've ever seen mention of a buyout in these
         | articles. That could be something. Franchised ISP. Maybe
         | Comcast is incapable of servicing an area effectively, so they
         | could say something like "we'll give you x gbps of guaranteed
         | throughout at the datacenter (or however it works) to our main
         | line and teach you how to setup, you cover installation and
         | maintenance". Just because it seems like it would've been
         | easier for these guys to do only the installation and routine
         | maintenance. But idk I guess they don't want to because they
         | make their money anyway
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | > What happened to all the other...
         | 
         | There's a _huge_ gap between  "had the idea" and "had all the
         | technical skills, the $millions in capital, and the managerial
         | ability to actually build it". Then there's the barrier of "and
         | succeed". If you read between the article's lines a bit - these
         | guys had loads of the first 3, yet they're still losing loads
         | of money every month.
         | 
         | But, bigger picture, you have a good point. These articles are
         | obviously cherry-picked stories, with an extremely optimistic
         | "... and the little guy wins!" spin. _Ars_ is writing for an
         | audience of techies who are frustrated with crappy ISP 's.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | The capital for an ISP is surprisingly low. The main problem
           | is getting a physical connection to your customer's house.
           | And that's such an obvious legal minefield that no networking
           | nerd wants to do it.
        
             | bell-cot wrote:
             | The capital _can_ be low. Vs. the article notes that these
             | two guys have 75 miles of fiber installed (to 1,500
             | potential-customer homes) and 15 local employees. Vs.
             | currently monthly revenues of about $10K.
             | 
             | Yeah, obviously these guy's long prior experience - pulling
             | fiber for other ISP's - was another critical cornerstone of
             | their ability to go from idea to build-out.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | In the specific case of ISPs I think it's always because you
         | won't make enough money to justify it as a big company, yet the
         | task is too big and complicated to do it as an individual nerd.
         | 
         | The worst part appears to be the physical wiring. If your
         | government has implemented loop unbundling, you're already set
         | (probably need to do some bureaucracy and pay some affordable-
         | at-a-stretch fees to get access to it). Otherwise, or if the
         | loops are just crap, you have to figure out how to physically
         | get a cable to everywhere, a task that is fundamentally
         | laborious and legally fraught, not nerdy at all (unless lawyers
         | are nerds) so nobody wants to do it.
         | 
         | Wireless ISPs are about as popular because of this. Wireless
         | service is always worse, _but_ you only have to install plant
         | (physical infrastructure) at the customer 's house and one
         | central location, not all the places leading up to the
         | customer's house. This makes it a whole lot more amenable to
         | individual-nerd or handful-of-nerds setup.
         | 
         | I encourage everyone to at least think about how they would do
         | it.
        
           | simoncion wrote:
           | > ...you only have to install plant (physical infrastructure)
           | at the customer's house and one central location, not all the
           | places leading up to the customer's house.
           | 
           | In a rural environment, yeah, sure. Based on what I'm seeing
           | in San Francisco, in an urban environment, you're going to be
           | negotiating for roof space for _many_ transceivers on many
           | separate roofs. (I do absolutely agree that even that
           | annoying tasks is certainly way less work than dealing with a
           | local or state government that wants it to be impossible to
           | run fiber through or along streets and sidewalks.)
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | Telephone and cable TV companies were explicitly envisioned as
         | regulated monopolies in most places. Then it was cheaper for
         | them to provide Internet over their existing lines than for a
         | new company to come in.
        
       | monster_truck wrote:
       | If you ever have the chance to support a local ISP like this, do
       | it! You can get some pretty sweet deals, the last time I had the
       | opportunity to do this they threw in a /28 for "free" (agreed to
       | two year terms)
        
         | simoncion wrote:
         | When was the last time you had the opportunity to do this?
         | 1998? I believe that what you're telling me is true, (and yeah,
         | small ISPs are often _really_ great to be customers of because
         | of stuff like that) but -given the state of IPv4 allocations- I
         | find it difficult to believe that it happened within the past
         | ten, twenty years.
        
       | nancyminusone wrote:
       | I'm one of their customers. I often see that one green car parked
       | down the road.
       | 
       | It's pretty good - their provided router is locked down to hell
       | and they're on a cgnat, but not having to deal with Comcast's
       | 1.2tb data cap is well worth it. Checking Comcast's site now, it
       | seems that they now offer "unlimited" data. Interesting, that
       | option wasn't there 6 months ago.
       | 
       | ~100 customers seems too small for the amount of effort they have
       | put in so far. They've been working along all the roads near me
       | for about a year, and they're out there running fiber conduit
       | every day. The houses out here are far apart. Hopefully, they can
       | make it work.
        
         | gs17 wrote:
         | > Checking Comcast's site now, it seems that they now offer
         | "unlimited" data. Interesting, that option wasn't there 6
         | months ago.
         | 
         | It's been there since they announced the data cap. I thought
         | the unlimited bundled with leasing their higher end hardware
         | came first, but the email from 2016 announcing that our plan
         | was getting the cap mentions being able to pay for unlimited.
        
           | nkellenicki wrote:
           | You've always had the _option_ of paying extra for unlimited
           | data, however its only in the past month or two that they've
           | started offering unlimited data as standard (in select
           | markets).
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2025/06/stung-by-
           | custome...
        
             | PantaloonFlames wrote:
             | I'm sorry I still don't get it. Could you explain that in
             | different phrasing ?
             | 
             | A comcast customer always had the option to pay for
             | unlimited data. I get that part. What is the 2nd part?
             | "Started offering it as standard" means what?
        
               | amethyst wrote:
               | In markets where Comcast has actual real competition,
               | they "include" the unlimited data (aka no cap) with no
               | extra charge when you sign up for their gigabit plans.
        
               | dietr1ch wrote:
               | In the Bay Area Comcast offered (2017-2023 at least)
               | internet with a default 1-1.2TiB/mo data cap that you can
               | lift for the month for an extra 10-20usd (I don't recall,
               | my roommate who played CoD was the one paying for this by
               | himself on every month with huge updates).
               | 
               | There's barely any competition here. You can pretty much
               | chose from Comcast Business or XFinity, which both are
               | just Comcast because of a free market with free as in not
               | in jail.
        
               | rcleveng wrote:
               | Really 10-20 more? When I asked, and I'm in the Bay Area,
               | the unlimited plan was $5 a month more than it would cost
               | if I leased their modem.
        
               | jacobgkau wrote:
               | How much more was it than if you weren't leasing their
               | modem?
        
             | wijwp wrote:
             | That's not true. I tried getting unlimited data like 7-8
             | years ago and they said I needed a business account to get
             | it.
        
               | bayarearefugee wrote:
               | What ISPs offer and how much they offer it for tends to
               | vary wildly region to region.
               | 
               | If you live in a region where they have no meaningful
               | competition (which is still fairly common in a lot of
               | places in the US) well bend over and lube up.
        
               | observationist wrote:
               | They'll vary wildly, as much as they think they can get
               | away with, in the hopes that you will never use the
               | service and pay them as much as possible for it, and
               | they'll bury your mailbox with crap to try to wear you
               | down into coming back.
               | 
               | They will happily let you pay for years, for services
               | that no longer exist, no longer connected to any of their
               | networks. They'll take you to court rather than pay
               | anything back; they know they are receiving extra money,
               | and there's a significant amount that comes in, but "oh,
               | it's so confusing, and there are so many legacy systems,
               | we can't possibly catch every mistake."
               | 
               | The money they shuffle back and forth between each other,
               | daily, reeks of book cooking - you might have a stretch
               | of 20 miles of trunk in which there are 20 separate
               | owners - not concurrent riding separate fiber lines, but
               | in sequence, each paying rent to or getting rent paid by
               | the adjacent rider, even though only a single company
               | actually services the entire span.
               | 
               | It's funny how construction companies and ISPs get these
               | rackets going, and then when people come along like these
               | PrimeOne guys and offer a reasonable rate on a decent
               | product, it's somehow vastly disruptive and threatening.
               | 
               | They'll expand, and be encouraged and allowed to expand,
               | and after 5 or 6 years, the big ISPs will start circling,
               | and eventually buy them out, and they'll retire happy.
               | AT&T or Lumen will own their network inside of 10 years,
               | and they'll claim it's modernized and upgraded
               | infrastructure. People with shitty oversold
               | undermaintained cable internet will be left alone until
               | the money stops.
               | 
               | Starlink to phones is great, if it only didn't make ISPs
               | so much money handling the base stations on the ground.
               | 
               | There's fiber all over the US just hanging there, unused,
               | unmaintained, because merger after merger after merger
               | left giant piles of assets under the ownership of
               | companies like comcast and centurylink and at&t, who left
               | infrastructure to rot, often built with public funding,
               | and maintained their local monopolies and shitty service.
               | 
               | Whatever it is we're doing to regulate the industry at a
               | federal level isn't working, but I imagine that's where a
               | lot of the money goes.
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | > I'm one of their customers. It's pretty good - their provided
         | router is locked down to hell and they're on a cgnat
         | 
         | This sounds like mine. I'm guessing yours doesn't support IPv6
         | because most fiber providers don't.
         | 
         | For the router, I already build firewalls so that. I pay $10/mo
         | to escape their cgnat.
         | 
         | I've also alerted them to expect regular haranguing from me
         | about deploying IPv6. Especially since bgp.he.net shows they
         | have a /40 allocated to themselves; it doesn't seem to be used.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | "I'm guessing yours doesn't support IPv6 because most fiber
           | providers don't."
           | 
           | Yeah, what's up with that? I just got switched on to fiber
           | and the CGNAT for IPv4 doesn't shock me much, but what's with
           | the no IPv6 in 2025?
           | 
           | I know enough to deal with it, but what's the deal? Is there
           | something systematic here?
        
             | ta8645 wrote:
             | Everybody can muddle along without IPv6, so it's easy to
             | make it a very low priority. Especially for small shops
             | that are struggling just to create a viable business. IPv6
             | needs something more to motivate it, a web destination or
             | application that is only available on IPv6.
        
               | paleotrope wrote:
               | The eggs need some chickens first.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | We used to have freeipv6porn.com, lol. But I suspect that
               | was a joke as much as anything else given how much porn
               | you can get for free all over the Internet.
        
               | throw0101b wrote:
               | > _IPv6 needs something more to motivate it, a web
               | destination or application that is only available on
               | IPv6._
               | 
               | How about not having to pay for (as) beefy CG-NAT
               | hardware because people that go to Youtube, Netflix,
               | MetaFace, TikTok, _etc_ , can directly connect via IPv6.
        
           | nancyminusone wrote:
           | Thankfully, they are doing IPv6, although one day I had some
           | weird issue where IPv6 was broken but if I disabled it ipv4
           | was still working. Could have been my fault, IPv6 is
           | generally new to me (not much of a network person).
           | 
           | I get the impression that they are still learning to run an
           | ISP, both technically and customer facingly. It's weird - I
           | learned more about them from this article than from actually
           | being living here with them.
        
           | bcrl wrote:
           | I've had less than 0.5% of customers ask for IPv6 from my
           | fibre ISP. It's not worth supporting as a result. The main
           | reason is that any service that is not widely used will have
           | gremlins that result in poor customer experience, and if it's
           | always the same handful of customers hitting problems or
           | finding quirks, there is a real risk of poor word of mouth
           | incident reporting that can harm the business. At least if
           | something goes wrong with IPv4, it's going to be noticed very
           | quickly.
           | 
           | Some people will say monitoring is all that you need, but I
           | do not agree. There are a million different little issues
           | that can and do occur on physical networks in the real world,
           | and there's no way monitoring will have a 99% chance of
           | detecting all of them. When incidents like the partial
           | Microsoft network outage that hit certain peering points
           | occurred, I had to route around the damage by tweaking route
           | filtering on the core routers to prefer a transit connection
           | that worked over the lower cost peering point. It's that kind
           | of oddball issue that active users catch and report which
           | does not happen for barely used services like IPv6.
        
             | Sanzig wrote:
             | If you already have to do CGNAT, why not IPv6 as your core
             | network with NAT64 at the border and 464XLAT on the CPE? It
             | gives you best of both worlds.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | I'm not doing CGNAT. We were able to get enough IPv4
               | addresses directly from ARIN a few years ago after being
               | on the waiting list for a couple of years. It's a pity
               | that widespread fraud depleted that pool faster than it
               | should have been.
               | 
               | CPE support for IPv6 has generally been garbage with it
               | taking 15-20 years before the bare minimum was supported
               | by mainstream router vendors. Even today there are still
               | vendors that assume only IPv4 support. In my opinion the
               | IETF really screwed up when they made IPv6 more
               | complicated than just IPv4 with more address bits. The
               | incumbent in my area generally uses PPPoE in their access
               | network, but routers that supported PPPoE and prefix
               | delegation basically didn't exist in 2010, and only
               | started being available circa 2015 (in part due to the
               | required bits not existing in OpenWRT and the hardware
               | vendors' software development kits for their chipsets).
               | Sure, we're 10 years further on now, but there remain a
               | number of vendors that only support IPv4 for management
               | of devices ( _cough_ Ubiquiti _cough_ ) in parts of their
               | product line.
               | 
               | That said, there are features of IPv6 that are absolutely
               | awesome for carriers. The next header feature that pretty
               | much eliminates the need for MPLS in an IPv6 transport
               | network is one such item that makes building transport
               | networks so much cleaner when using IPv6 than IPv4. No
               | more header insertion or rewriting, just update one field
               | and fix up the delta on the checksum and CRC. They just
               | aren't really applicable for smaller networks.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | > I've had less than 0.5% of customers ask for IPv6 from my
             | fibre ISP
             | 
             | How many ask for IPv4? I understand your situation, it's a
             | lot of work, for something that many won't notice. It's
             | just that saying there's no demand because your average
             | consumer, who also doesn't know what IPv4 is, isn't asking
             | for it, is the mentality that keeps IPv6 from being
             | implemented.
             | 
             | On the funnier side of things, we've also sometimes run
             | into the opposite problem that we can't reproduce an issue,
             | because it's only on IPv4 and 95% of the time everything we
             | do is IPv6. But we're also not serving home users.
        
               | bcrl wrote:
               | Static IPv4 addresses are closer to around 5% of
               | customers. Nobody asks for IPv4, but some customers bring
               | their existing or own wireless routers along and
               | occasionally choose devices that are not IPv6 capable.
               | Maybe in another 10 years those devices will finally be
               | fully removed from service. The worst stragglers right
               | now are the old combo DSL modems that effectively have no
               | modern replacements -- it's just not worth spending money
               | to replace them when customers are going to migrate to
               | fibre soon enough.
        
           | bigstrat2003 wrote:
           | For me, no IPv6 = no business. I don't think it's acceptable
           | to build a network on IPv4 only at this point, it speaks to
           | being willing to cut corners and not do things the right way
           | just because it's easier.
        
             | ToucanLoucan wrote:
             | I agree in principal but if the only other option is
             | Charter/Spectrum/Comcast, you bet I'm going with the "lazy"
             | person's fiber.
             | 
             | I have spent most of my career under the thumb of fucking
             | cable and I'd sooner slam a car door on my nuts than go
             | back to paying so much money for such garbage service.
        
             | artooro wrote:
             | I wish I could say no IPv6 no business. There are only 2
             | ISPs here, one cable and one fiber. Neither have IPv6, the
             | smaller ISP also does CGNAT because IPs are expensive. I'm
             | trying to convince them that they could save money with
             | less powerful CGNAT hardware if they deploy dual stack.
        
           | Sanzig wrote:
           | Surprised they aren't deploying NAT64/DNS64 with 464XLAT on
           | the CPE. You get essentially the same setup as CGNAT for IPv4
           | services but your whole core network is native IPv6 so you
           | only have one set of address space to manage and your
           | customers will be able to directly connect to anything IPv6
           | related.
        
             | mananaysiempre wrote:
             | How would you as a customer tell if they were?
        
               | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
               | Because you'd have native IPv6
        
           | yuvadam wrote:
           | since tailscale exists, why would you care about cgnat or
           | even pay to escape it?
        
             | tjohns wrote:
             | I'm not the only person connecting to my machines.
             | 
             | Some applications want to open ports and don't have the
             | server-side infrastructure to punch a hole through NAT.
             | Especially P2P apps and some games.
             | 
             | Sometimes I want to run a small, low-traffic web server
             | from home.
             | 
             | Sometimes I'm connecting to my network from a machine that
             | I don't control and can't install Tailscale on.
        
         | babypuncher wrote:
         | Comcast similarly removed their 1.2TB cap in my neighborhood
         | within months of us getting fiber. It's almost like the only
         | reason for the cap was because they could get away with it when
         | there wasn't any competition.
        
           | xedrac wrote:
           | Comcast is notorious for exploiting places that don't have
           | any other real options. Just before Google Fiber was
           | activated in my area, Comcast stepped up their game big time.
           | The only problem is that they had spent years nickel and
           | diming me for actual connection speeds that didn't even come
           | close to their advertised rates, and their latency/jitter is
           | garbage compared to fiber. Comcast clearly doesn't want to
           | have to compete. In their defense, their connection was
           | rarely down.
        
             | some-guy wrote:
             | When I lived in downtown Oakland CA, Comcast literally
             | could not keep up price-wise with the competition. Their
             | customer service jaw would drop when I told them our local
             | fiber offered a flat fee cheaper than theirs for 10 gigabit
             | symmetrical fiber. On top of that there was another local
             | microwave wireless option that wasn't too terrible.
             | 
             | The only thing in the end their salespeople could do was
             | offer TV bundles but still wasn't cost-competitive. Not
             | sure what their offerings are now but it was such an easy
             | decision to switch.
        
             | PantaloonFlames wrote:
             | > is notorious for exploiting places that don't have any
             | other real options.
             | 
             | Isn't this standard competitive practice ? Charge what the
             | market will bear.
             | 
             | I don't know if I'd call that "exploitation". If there's
             | one gas station 90 miles from every other gas station in
             | the Nevada desert, they're gonna charge more, aren't they?
        
               | xedrac wrote:
               | Yes, it certainly is. But isn't it interesting that
               | Comcast is almost universally hated? I used the word
               | "exploit" simply because had they treated their customers
               | better and focused on putting their best foot forward, I
               | don't think they would have bled customers nearly as
               | quickly.
        
           | projektfu wrote:
           | Feature-wise it doesn't matter because you're still going to
           | have to play the price haggling game. Other providers don't
           | renegotiate every 6 months like they do. They have more in
           | common with Waste Management than with a respectable ISP.
        
           | tossaway0 wrote:
           | That's exactly it and they admitted it last week.
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2025/06/stung-by-
           | custome...
        
         | justusthane wrote:
         | > their provided router is locked down to hell
         | 
         | From the article, it sounds like the "default" option is for
         | the customer to supply their own router, which I appreciate:
         | 
         | > Prime-One provides a modem and the ONT, plus a Wi-Fi router
         | if the customer prefers not to use their own router.
        
           | eurleif wrote:
           | Modem _and_ ONT? I 'm under the impression that there's
           | nothing called a "modem" for fiber, and that the ONT serves a
           | similar role. Am I confused?
        
             | lstamour wrote:
             | Can't speak to this exact circumstance, but more generally:
             | The ONT translates the SFP+ networking to fibre optic, but
             | the modem is still somewhat necessary for logins if you use
             | PPPoE as a wrapper for example. In telecom fibre optic, it
             | often also assigns a particular vlan to internet packets
             | and separate vlans for TV and phone. But I'm not an expert
             | here, just explaining why I needed a modem function in my
             | router as well as a media converter to house the ONT.
             | 
             | As far as I know, nobody uses separate boxes for the modem
             | and router, that kind of thinking died when wifi became
             | more widespread and included by default with ISP plans.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | I wouldn't really call that a "modem" though, it's not
               | really doing modulation/demodulation work to convert
               | between media types. The terminology I usually hear for
               | the provider's box handling any final authentication and
               | VLAN splitting is usually a "residential gateway", which
               | can be configured to bridge to a client's equipment.
               | 
               | Definitely splitting hairs here though on terminology.
        
             | Polizeiposaune wrote:
             | No, that's my understanding as well.
             | 
             | My fiber installer referred to the Adtran 632V ONT he
             | installed as the "modem".
             | 
             | He installed two other junction boxes (one outside the
             | house near/under where the fiber attaches to the wall of
             | the house, one inside near the ONT) but they're just
             | passive optical couplers allowing them to swap out fiber
             | segments in the event of fiber damage without re-running
             | the entire install.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | _their provided router is locked down to hell and they 're on a
         | cgnat_
         | 
         | So not actually better than Comcast, just bad in a different
         | way.
        
         | newZWhoDis wrote:
         | It was there 6 months ago, because when I moved and had to
         | switch to comcast in 2021 I found out about the cap after
         | ~5TB/mo
        
           | baby_souffle wrote:
           | I vaguely remember reading something about their
           | consolidating plans and simplifying pricing slightly. Part of
           | that was eliminating the data cap.
           | 
           | This article couldn't have passed through my inbox more than
           | 6 weeks or so ago so it is a very recent change.
        
         | imzadi wrote:
         | I'm on the other side of the country and was a Cox customer for
         | over a decade until they decided to add a data cap to their
         | plans. Fortunately, wyyred rolled into town right around the
         | same time, offering fiber at higher speeds, no data caps, and
         | half the cost. It was an easy decision. I also noticed that Cox
         | is now advertising unlimited data for free. Too little too
         | late.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | _" Everything that we're doing is all underground."_
       | 
       | This indicates that their local and state governments aren't (at
       | this time) captured by the incumbent cable provider.
       | 
       | A captured state gov will pass laws to thwart new infra
       | deployment, commonly written by ISP interests. A captured local
       | gov will never approve deployment or slow-walk permitting in an
       | attempt to bankrupt the upstart.
       | 
       | more explainers: New suburban fiber infrastructure means either
       | trenching or pole hanging. The local gov issues permits for both
       | but poles also require the cooperation of the pole owners. This
       | last adds the PSC to the mix.
       | 
       | Recalcitrant pole owners are known to stall and kill
       | infrastructure deployment - especially where going underground
       | isn't an option. Some PSCs mandate that pole owners cooperate.
       | Some PSCs abdicate that responsibility and are examples of
       | regulatory capture.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Looks like they're somewhat rural which probably makes it way
         | easier. I was a project manager for a Telco years ago and the
         | process to get fiber run in an established city is crazy. Had
         | no idea how much was going on under the roads until I had to
         | plan out conduit boring projects.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | It's not that easy. Poles vs trenches are a tradeoff
         | discussion. FWIW I was once in construction digging trenches
         | and I'm German, so I might be biased a bit.
         | 
         | Pro poles / open air:
         | 
         | - very, VERY cheap and fast to build out with GPON. That's how
         | you got 1/1 GBit fiber in some piss poor village in the rural
         | ditches of Romania.
         | 
         | - easy to get access when you need to do maintenance
         | 
         | Con poles / open air:
         | 
         | - it looks fucking ugly. Many a nice photo from Romania got
         | some sort of half assed fiber cable on it.
         | 
         | - it's easy for drunk drivers, vandals (for the Americans:
         | idiots shooting birds that rest on aboveground lines [1][2]),
         | sabotage agents or moronic cable thieves to access and damage
         | infrastructure
         | 
         | Pro trench digging:
         | 
         | - it's incredibly resilient. To take out electricity and power,
         | you need a natural disaster at the scale of the infamous Ahrtal
         | floods that ripped through bridges carrying cables and outright
         | submerged and thus ruined district distribution networking
         | rooms, but even the heaviest hailstorm doesn't give a fuck
         | about cable that's buried. Drunk drivers are no concern, and so
         | are cable thieves or terrorists.
         | 
         | - it looks way better, especially when local governments go and
         | re-surface the roads afterwards
         | 
         | Cons trench digging:
         | 
         | - it's expensive, machinery and qualified staff are rare
         | 
         | - you usually need lots more bureaucracy with permits, traffic
         | planning or what not else that's needed to dig a trench
         | 
         | - when something does happen below ground, it can be ...
         | challenging to access the fault.
         | 
         | - in urban or even moderately settled areas, space below ground
         | can be absurdly congested with existing infrastructure that
         | necessitates a lot of manual excavation instead of machinery.
         | Gas, water, sewers, long decommissioned pipe postal service
         | lines, subways, low voltage power, high voltage power, other
         | fiber providers, cable TV...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.usgs.gov/news/national-news-release/illegal-
         | shoo...
         | 
         | [2] https://ucs.net/node/513
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | > _Poles vs trenches are a tradeoff discussion. FWIW I was
           | once in construction digging trenches and I 'm German, so I
           | might be biased a bit._
           | 
           | when i got this far I literally thought you were making a
           | joke about Poland.
        
           | bcrl wrote:
           | There's a huge downside to poles where I'm based: permit
           | shenanigans by pole owners that delay projects and allow
           | incumbents to destroy competitors. Granted, some
           | municipalities do the same thing. One local municipality I
           | have to deal with responds to permit requests almost
           | instantly, while another takes weeks of pestering to
           | acknowledge even the most basic of permit requests.
           | 
           | For anyone starting out today, I would strongly recommend
           | having a planned legal / regulatory strategy to fall back on
           | in the event that excessive delays occur by parties you
           | cannot avoid dealing with.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | Meh, here in Germany you got the same issue with trenches.
             | It takes ages to coordinate digging them, I think the worst
             | example simmered for two years until the permits arrived.
             | And then, it's a nightmare because you can't just cut off
             | people's courtyards and parking spots for any time longer
             | than absolutely required, so as soon as you're at depth you
             | gotta cover the trench with steel plates so cars and
             | pedestrians can cross...
        
               | universa1 wrote:
               | The fiber installing crews around here go street by
               | street and usually do one street section per day/or two.
        
             | mook wrote:
             | More importantly, if they go on poles Comcast can
             | "accidentally" cut their lines all the time.
        
           | tguvot wrote:
           | those days it's not trench digging (unless it's next to
           | highway with machine that in one pass will trench and lay
           | conduit/cable), it's trench drilling with something like this
           | https://www.ditchwitch.com/directional-drills/
           | 
           | frontier installed fiber in my area using this method.
           | relatively quick and no damage that needs to be
           | "aggressively" paved over.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | I've been hearing about "captured government" with respect to
         | fiber deployment for two decades now and the folks on that soap
         | box have made absolutely zero progress on improving deployment
         | of fiber infrastructure in that time. Tilting at that windmill
         | isn't working, because for the most part that's not the real
         | problem.
         | 
         | Why isn't the Bay Area a hot bed of fiber deployment? You think
         | Comcast in Philly has more pull with Cupertino and Mountain
         | View than Google and Apple? No! Internet in the Bay Area is
         | shit for the same reason all the infrastructure in the Bay Area
         | is shit. The government makes it slow and difficult to build
         | anything.
         | 
         | Comcast installed fiber to my house back in 2018 or so. The
         | permitting took _months_. And this was to run Comcast fiber on
         | poles where Comcast already had their own cable lines. And my
         | county is actually pretty efficient with permitting. It's just
         | that American municipalities absolutely hate it when anyone
         | builds anything.
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | If you think internet in the bay area is shit then you
           | haven't seen how bad it can get. Even other large cities
           | within California like LA and SD are worse.
        
             | frollogaston wrote:
             | Having lived in all three mentioned areas, none seemed
             | particularly bad unless your standard is fiber straight to
             | home. And seemed like Bay Area had more of that if
             | anything.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | I guess Comcast doesn't need to capture the local government
           | in places where it's already illegal to build anything. But
           | in other places it has definitely happened.
        
             | rayiner wrote:
             | In most places, permitting is the most direct and immediate
             | roadblock. If you don't start there, you won't make any
             | progress on the issue.
             | 
             | I live in a blue state that actively encourages municipal
             | and cooperative fiber deployment: https://mdbc.us. It's had
             | approximately zero impact outside some rural parts of the
             | state.
        
           | frollogaston wrote:
           | Maybe it's good enough that not very many people care. I
           | moved around San Jose, Mountain View, Berkeley, and
           | Sunnyvale, never noticed problems with Comcast or AT&T. Was
           | expecting flakiness after hearing all these bad stories, but
           | no, it was reliable.
           | 
           | What you don't get often is fiber-to-home, or great upload
           | speeds. But most people aren't running big home servers.
        
         | itslennysfault wrote:
         | This was even a major hurdle for Google Fiber. The incumbent
         | ISPs did everything they could to obstruct them from installing
         | fiber, and it was fairly effective even against someone with
         | deep pockets like Google.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | This is why national ISPs like Comcast have fought/lobbied tooth
       | and nail to prevent municipal based ISPs from being created in
       | various states (ie, Texas). Next logical step is starting a small
       | ISP like these people have but they have the advantage of
       | learning the skills and process (permitting with municipality) of
       | doing this for other ISPs. There's also the capital aspect of
       | this, which they apparently have.
       | 
       | > Comcast seems to have noticed, Herman said. "They've been
       | calling our clients nonstop to try to come back to their service,
       | offer them discounted rates for a five-year contract and so on,"
       | he said.
       | 
       | go figure. their monopoly/duopoly has ended, profits dropping
       | like a rock in area, and now they want to compete.
       | 
       | Only billionaires and people fooled by Peter Thiel think
       | competition is evil.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I am in a rural area of Texas and I just recently got access to
       | fiber. The other competition is ADSL and DOCSIS providers - AT&T
       | and Optimum.
       | 
       | Optimum had their entire service area bought out by Comcast the
       | day after I switched. Comcast has since broken every major
       | utility at least twice and my fiber connection three times by
       | working on the old infrastructure. I think Optimum won that
       | trade. I can't imagine many residents are going to prefer Comcast
       | over $80/m for no-bullshit internet, especially after the water
       | main break they caused last week.
       | 
       | These FTTP providers have the game _solved_ in Texas. I 've seen
       | them do 500-1000 homes in <30 days. Their directional drilling
       | expertise and aggressive neglect for 811 seem to get things done
       | very quickly. There are some areas with competing fiber providers
       | now. I've got 5gbps symmetric for $110/m and I live _in_ the
       | woods. Trees go through power lines and the fiber infra is
       | completely unaffected. The only utility left to bury is the
       | electricity, and they 're actively working on that in some areas
       | now.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | I wish these guys the best, but I've shifted more and more to
       | Starlink. As long as their is a clear view of the sky, it works
       | exceptionally well and is more than enough bandwidth. Plus, I can
       | easily take it with me anywhere I go, which includes my
       | campervan. This is great for when you're out in the middle of
       | nowhere, with no reception, and you need access to maps.
       | 
       | I wish it was a bit cheaper, but someone has to fund that trip to
       | Mars.
        
         | seany wrote:
         | I've really been looking at some of the new mobile options for
         | when I take the family camping but I still need to get some
         | stuff done. With that said, over the last 30 days at home we've
         | downloaded 4.8tb and uploaded 6.2 (no torrenting). I'm sure
         | there are thing we could do different, but two people that WFH
         | and do some semi data involved things... really just not sure
         | how we could make that work full time.
        
       | beeb wrote:
       | Wow the US really has it bad when it comes to home internet. In
       | many European countries, you can get symmetric Gbit internet for
       | 30-40 EUR (probably less in some places), and I haven't seen a
       | data cap in forever.
        
         | gs17 wrote:
         | It's getting better here. Google Fiber is expanding to a lot of
         | cities and their symmetric Gbit with no data cap is the
         | equivalent of 60 EUR ($70).
        
         | HnUser12 wrote:
         | Depends on where in the US. Most populated places have
         | inexpensive internet. Smaller towns have these issues because
         | there's not much competition.
        
         | radley wrote:
         | Bay Area has sonic.net with unlimited 10Gb down & 1Gb up for
         | only $40.
        
           | amethyst wrote:
           | *parts of the Bay Area. I'd say the majority of areas are
           | still monopolized by Comcast, including my neighborhood of
           | course.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | If you haven't already, check to see if either Google Fiber
             | or Monkeybrains is available in your area. Last I checked,
             | the regs are still in place that prevent landlords from
             | denying you access to an ISP of your choice.
        
               | slater wrote:
               | Seconding monkeybrains - they can usually get to houses
               | that the other ISPs can't/won't service, and speed is
               | pretty spiffy
        
           | rconti wrote:
           | I don't think sonic has asymmetric internet anywhere. It used
           | to be symmetric gig, now they're deploying symmetric 10gig.
           | And the price is $49, although they just announced an
           | increase to $59.
        
         | danieldk wrote:
         | Here symmetric 4Gbit without a data cap (NL). Best of all, you
         | can bring your own equipment. I have my Ubiquiti Gateway Max
         | hooked up to fiber with a media converter (yes, the Gateway Max
         | does PPPoE etc.).
         | 
         | My parents live in a small, countryside village. They have
         | fiber at the same prices (including 4Gbit symmetric, though
         | they are happy with a cheap 200Mbit subscription).
        
         | sleepydog wrote:
         | The EU is better on average, but isn't universally great
         | either. I pay 60 EUR for 200Mbit down/20Mbit up ADSL in
         | Amsterdam, after my 6-month discount ran out. No fiber in my
         | neighborhood yet. There's one gigabit provider in my
         | neighborhood (Ziggo) and they have a bad reputation. For the
         | same price I was getting FiOS gigabit in NYC.
        
         | jkl12 wrote:
         | Would it make you jealous if I tell you, that I get 10 Gbit
         | symmetric fiber here in Switzerland (greater Zurich area) for
         | roughly 80 USD/month with no data cap? And I can use my own
         | router and could even go up to 25 Gbit if I want ;-) Oh, and
         | did I mention no CGNAT and it comes with a static /48 IPv6 net?
        
       | sometimes_all wrote:
       | I understand the need for independent fiber ISPs. But are gigabit
       | speeds really necessary? For me, a 300 Mbps connection is way
       | more than enough for a four-person family.
        
         | BlimpSpike wrote:
         | The article says they're a 10 person family.
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | That's a bit more than I have (Starlink), but anytime a kid is
         | downloading a big Steam game or big ISO file or something,
         | everything else slows to a crawl. I also occassionally rsync
         | large directories to/from cloud storage and that can also
         | saturate. I've tried setting rules/priorities but it's a
         | constant game of whack-a-mole
        
           | godelski wrote:
           | > I also occasionally rsync large directories to/from cloud
           | storage and that can also saturate
           | 
           | Just offering some advice if you aren't aware. If you are,
           | freely ignore. (And if you have advice in return I'd love to
           | hear!)
           | 
           | For convenience, the rclone tool is nice for most cloud
           | storage like google and stuff that make rsync annoying[0]
           | 
           | rsync also offers compression[1], and you might want to
           | balance it depending if you want to be CPU bound or IO bound.
           | You can pick the compression and level, with more options
           | than just the `-z` flag. You can also increase speed by not
           | doing the checksum, or by running without checksum and then
           | running again later with. Or some intervaling like daily
           | backups without and monthly you do checksums.
           | 
           | If you tar your files up first I have a function that is
           | essentially `tar cf - "${@:2}" | xz -9 --threads $NTHREADS
           | --verbose > "${1}"` which uses the maximum `xz` compression
           | level. I like to heavily compress things upstream because it
           | also makes downloads faster and decompression is much easier
           | than compression. I usually prefer being compute bound.
           | 
           | Also, a systemd job is always nice and offers more
           | flexibility than cron. It's what's helped me most with the
           | wack-a-mole game. I like to do on calendar events (e.g.
           | Daily, Weekly) and add a random delay. It's also nice that if
           | the event was missed because the machine was off it'll run
           | the job once the machine is back on (I usually make it wait
           | at least 15 minutes after machine comes online).
           | 
           | [0] https://rclone.org/
           | 
           | [1] https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/292020
        
             | freedomben wrote:
             | Thank you! I do love rclone a great deal, and need to start
             | using it more. I mostly use rsync right now because I've
             | got some Contabo storage instances and ssh is already set
             | up, so it's nice and easy, and I've already got the rsync
             | commands burned into memory from decades of use :-) I also
             | typically rsync with the same command to an external hard
             | drive for an on-site backup.
             | 
             | Great tips! I'll definitely be using your tar command
        
               | godelski wrote:
               | Oh, that reminds me. When I had an Android (I already
               | regret my iPhone) I used termux to write a very basic
               | script to rsync data to machines and do so based on if
               | connected to WiFi (with whitelisted SSIDs). Pretty easy
               | to write and then schedule a cron job. Can be nice to put
               | that onto other peoples devices and give them automated
               | backups. Makes it FAR easier to do the 321 backup
               | strategy. Also pretty easy to build a tracking app for a
               | lost phone that way (like if haven't connected to home
               | WiFi in x days send you an email). Both work really well
               | when also using tailscale.
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Depends on what you're doing, right?
         | 
         | Let's take video streaming. I have a pretty compressed version
         | of Arrival that's at 2GB and is a 4k movie ~2hrs long (the
         | original file was ~2x the size). To stream that we need to do
         | 2000Mb / (3600s * 2) = 277.8Mb/s. This also doesn't account for
         | any buffering. This is one of my smaller 4k videos and more
         | typical is going to be 3Gb-5Gb (e.g. Oppenheimer vs Children of
         | Men). Arrival is pretty dark and a slow movie so great for
         | compression.
         | 
         | Now, there's probably some trickery going on that can get
         | better savings and you'll see used with things like degrading
         | the quality. You could probably drop this down to 1.5Gb and
         | have no major visual hits or you can do a variable streaming
         | and drop this even more. On many screens you might not notice a
         | huge difference between 1440 and 4k, and depending on the
         | video, maybe even 1080p and 4k[0].
         | 
         | For comparison, I loaded up a 4k YouTube video (which uses vp9
         | encoding) and monitored the bandwidth. It is very spiky, but
         | frequently jumped between 150kbps and 200Mbps. You could
         | probably do 2 people on this. I think it'd get bogged down with
         | 4 people. And remember, this is all highly variable. Games,
         | downloads, and many other things can greatly impact all this.
         | It also highly depends on the stability of your network
         | connection. You're paying for * _UP TO*_ 300Mbps, not a fixed
         | rate of 300Mbps. Most people want a bit of headroom.
         | 
         | [0] Any person will 100% be able to differentiate 1080p and 4k
         | when head to head, but in the wild? We're just too used to
         | spotty connections and variable resolutions. It also depends on
         | the screen you're viewing from, most importantly the screen
         | size (e.g. phone).
        
           | vel0city wrote:
           | Blu-rays don't do anywhere near 277Mb/s.
           | 
           | First, if it was 2GB * 2 for the source of your recompressed
           | copy, that's 4GB * 8 bits per byte = 32 Gigabits (Gb), or
           | 32,000Mb. Two hours in seconds is 60 * 60 * 2 = 7,200
           | seconds.
           | 
           | 32,000 / 7,200 is 4.444Mb/s. Streaming your 2 hour long 4GB
           | movie could be done with ~5Mbit. A 1Gb/s connection could
           | handle streaming ~200 of these movies.
           | 
           | Going back to Blu-rays as a source, an Ultra HD Blu-ray maxes
           | out at 144Mbit but in reality most movies are encoded at a
           | much lower bitrate. Most movies will cap out around
           | 40-50Mbit. You could do 20 of these straight Blu-ray movies
           | on a 1Gb connection.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-
           | ray#Specification...
        
           | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
           | > I have a pretty compressed version of Arrival that's at 2GB
           | and is a 4k movie ~2hrs long (the original file was ~2x the
           | size). To stream that we need to do 2000Mb / (3600s * 2) =
           | 277.8Mb/s.
           | 
           | Your math is WAY off.
           | 
           | 2 gigabytes / 2 hours is only about 2.22 megabits/sec.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Gigabit is the slowest reasonable fiber speed. Even 10-gigabit
         | is now very cheap to the point that some gigabit equipment is
         | just 10-gigabit equipment operating at a low speed. They could
         | artificially throttle you to even less, if it made business
         | sense.
         | 
         | It's not a committed rate. Your individual line is a gigabit,
         | but the upstream from your whole block is 10 gigabit so you
         | can't all use it at once. Your guaranteed rate is probably have
         | more like 20-50 Mbps, if that's what's confusing you. But it's
         | extremely rare that everyone tries to use their gigabit all at
         | once.
         | 
         | If it's a Passive Optical Network, you might be sharing a
         | gigabit download with your block - you all share the same fiber
         | - and you get substantially less than a gigabit upload due to
         | the need for timeslotting. Gigabit PON is obsolete though, now
         | you'd get at least 10G PON.
        
         | simoncion wrote:
         | > But are gigabit speeds really necessary? For me, a 300 Mbps
         | connection is way more than enough for a four-person family.
         | 
         | I'm certain that one could make a sound argument that 300 Mbps
         | is not necessary for that four-person family, and they could
         | make do with a _much_ slower connection. Back in the day, folks
         | would be asking if it 's necessary for your Internet connection
         | to be always on. After all, it's no hassle at all to plug the
         | modem into the house phone line and unplug it when you're done!
         | 
         | For me, switching from a 1400/40mbps cable connection to a
         | symmetric-but-variable 300-1000mbps Ethernet connection meant
         | that I was doing the same sorts of things, but often spending
         | much less time waiting for them to complete. Related to that,
         | it also made "content creation"-esque things [0] much, _much_
         | easier.
         | 
         | [0] Which I'm declaring is a category that includes uploading
         | and downloading huge files while working from home as a
         | programmer/"DevOps" guy.
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | For anyone who doesn't know the area, Saline is adjacent to Ann
       | Arbor, and along with Ypsilanti makes up a sort of greater Ann
       | Arbor/UMich co-prosperity sphere. Saline is the kind of place you
       | expect people to stand up a private fiber ISP; a place with an
       | outer-ring suburb vibe, but far from any major metro, with lots
       | of nerds.
        
       | guenthert wrote:
       | Ha ha, I misread it as "Two guys hated using CompuServe, so they
       | built their own ISP". Wrong millennia ...
        
       | immibis wrote:
       | Getting the rights to lay the fiber seems like the most difficult
       | part, and they don't go into much detail. Which HN user knows
       | something about this?
        
       | spandrew wrote:
       | I have to admit, everytime I hear the _" Two guys hated x, so
       | they built their own!"_ I see the XCKD cartoon
       | https://xkcd.com/927/
       | 
       | It's not a fair comparison; competition can drive price down, but
       | I pessimistically just see two guys who'll inevitably join the
       | Comcast billionaires club. That's just where these "small guys"
       | end up.
        
       | coolgoose wrote:
       | But kudos to them, that's the only way to break monopolies.
       | Although I do wonder how much they bet on people not using all
       | that bandwidth based on their promises.
        
         | bradleyy wrote:
         | From everything I've ever read and my (admittedly old) ISP
         | experience, people really don't use all the bandwidth. Yes,
         | occasionally there are exceptions.
        
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