[HN Gopher] In a First, Solar Was Europe's Biggest Source of Pow...
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       In a First, Solar Was Europe's Biggest Source of Power Last Month
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 177 points
       Date   : 2025-07-11 16:09 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (e360.yale.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (e360.yale.edu)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | Ember source: https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/solar-is-
       | eus-bigges...
        
         | slaw wrote:
         | Ember is a better source.
         | 
         | EU is ahead of China and US.
         | 
         | EU June Solar power generated 22.1% of EU electricity (45.4
         | TWh)
         | 
         | China April solar power generated 12.4% of electricity (96 TWh)
         | 
         | US March solar power generated 9.2% of electricity
         | 
         | https://ember-energy.org/latest-updates/wind-and-solar-gener...
         | 
         | https://ember-energy.org/latest-updates/fossil-fuels-fall-be...
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | It's crazy that the US generates so little from solar, given
           | the vast sunny deserts they have available.
        
       | bryanlarsen wrote:
       | Still a cherry-picked result, unlike California:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44512968
       | 
       | But it's a good step along the way to a headline like the above.
        
         | idontwantthis wrote:
         | The best part is that just a few years ago it was common
         | knowledge that solar would only work in "sunny" parts of the
         | world. Turns out everywhere is "sunny" when panels are cheap
         | enough.
        
           | chupasaurus wrote:
           | The only thing that turns in this conversation is Earth and
           | solar output in December would _slightly_ differ.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | This is where energy mixes and economics come into play.
             | 
             | Dams provide most parts of the globe a lot of seasonal
             | storage. It takes the same water if they average 10% over
             | the year or 5% over 9 months and 25% over 3. Similarly,
             | locations for wind farms often vary in the season they
             | provide the most power. So the economic maximum around high
             | solar productivity ends up compensating for it's lower
             | winter output.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | "Dams provide most parts of the globe a lot of seasonal
               | storage"
               | 
               | Is this true? I think it's the opposite, that dams and
               | pumped hydrostorage of energy works in a few areas where
               | the geography supports it, but (for example) in the
               | plains of the USA it's not really possible.
               | 
               | Why haven't we built a huge solar farm around the Hoover
               | Dam to pump water back up to Lake Mead insted of letting
               | it flow downstream.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Hydro generation is pretty geographically limited, but
               | pumped storage only requires two reservoirs vertically
               | separated. If you allow building one of the two
               | reservoirs then there are millions of potential
               | locations.
               | 
               | https://re100.eng.anu.edu.au/global/
        
               | martinpw wrote:
               | There are contracts around how much water needs to flow
               | downstream, so they can't just hold it back like that.
               | California and Arizona both have allocations that they
               | pull from the river downstream of the dam. Mexico too in
               | theory I think, although I don't know if they actually
               | get their allocation any more.
               | 
               | Given how oversubscribed the river water already is, how
               | the river flow rate is steadily diminishing due to
               | increasing temperatures, and the politics involved, even
               | a small or temporary additional reduction in downstream
               | flow would encounter huge opposition.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | With multiple dams you can release water early at one
               | point in the system and have zero impact on users below
               | the second dam.
               | 
               | The northeast and northwest has an abundance of water.
               | Managing total water usage is a large problem for the
               | southwest but there's many opportunities to do things
               | like evaporation reduction.
        
               | idontwantthis wrote:
               | Because the primary purpose of the Hoover Dam isn't power
               | generation it's water management.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's not universal, smaller dams don't have nearly as
               | much storage as large ones but they also produce vastly
               | less power. At the other end the Great Lakes are
               | effectively storing years worth of electricity, and have
               | significant flexibility in delivery.
               | 
               | Looking at the US most of it is family close to large
               | scale hydropower, except Florida, but it's a little under
               | 7% of annual power nationwide. https://www.eia.gov/todayi
               | nenergy/images/2011.06.10/hydro_pa...
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | 0.05% of the world's population live north of the arctic
             | circle. Solar panels don't work for them, but their diesel
             | generators are not a significant portion of the world's
             | CO2.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | In the summer, yes. Winter... I'm in the UK and my entire
           | roof is solar panels (6.5 kW). I get about 35 kWh a day
           | typically in the summer which is plenty (don't have an
           | electric car or heat pump so usage is 10-15 kWh).
           | 
           | In the winter though... In February there were 7 days where
           | the average we produced was about 2 kWh/day, so I need about
           | 5 times more roof areas and PS50k. And that's without a heat
           | pump.
           | 
           | Fortunately we have wind... But even so it's hard to see how
           | we can get away from gas completely without either a lot of
           | nuclear or some crazy changes to the market.
        
       | Theodores wrote:
       | Truth be told, Europe has no energy and it was only with the
       | Ukraine crisis that I realised this. Germany has been turning
       | cheap gas from Russia into expensive cars, glass and chemicals
       | for decades without me noticing that was all the deal was.
       | 
       | Europe just sucks in oil, gas, uranium and some coal from the
       | rest of the world to give back what exactly?
       | 
       | So it is no surprise that renewable energy is showing up as
       | significant these days, particularly when so much manufacturing
       | industry is closed down and exported overseas.
       | 
       | The thing is that China and elsewhere in East Asia are burning
       | those hydrocarbons now, so it is just globalization of the
       | emissions.
       | 
       | Regarding nuclear, the French have been kicked out of West Africa
       | so no cheap uranium for them, paid for with the special Franc
       | they can only print in Paris to obtain as much uranium as they
       | need from Africa.
       | 
       | The solar panels come from China so it is not as if Europe is
       | leading the way in terms of tech.
       | 
       | All Europe government bodies also want the bicycle these days,
       | with dreams of livable neighbourhoods and cycling holidays for
       | all.
       | 
       | I doubt they care for solar panels or the bicycle, however, after
       | the Ukraine crisis in 2022 it must be clear to some in Europe
       | that there are no energy sources in Europe apart from a spot of
       | Norwegian gas. When paying 4x for fracked LNG from Uncle Sam it
       | must be an eye opener to them.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | > Germany has been turning cheap gas from Russia into expensive
         | cars, glass and chemicals for decades without me noticing that
         | was all the deal was.
         | 
         | You're overstating this a bit; there is a lot of coal in Europe
         | (natural gas only got ahead of coal in Germany over the last
         | years).
         | 
         | > Europe just sucks in oil, gas, uranium and some coal from the
         | rest of the world to give back what exactly?
         | 
         | Finished products (like cars), some services, bit of tourism?
         | What exactly is the problem here?
         | 
         | Uranium mining in Europe would be perfectly viable, but no one
         | wants to, because modern practices basically ruin groundwater
         | quality for a long time (in-situ leeching). This applies to a
         | bunch of other things, too; hard to justify mining cadmium in
         | the Alps when you can just buy the finished product for cheaper
         | while keeping your local environment intact.
         | 
         | > The solar panels come from China so it is not as if Europe is
         | leading the way in terms of tech.
         | 
         | They used to produce lots of those in Germany-- it's just
         | become way cheaper to buy them from China, especially after
         | local subsidies ran out. You could make an argument that the
         | germans shoulda tried to keep the industry somewhat alive for
         | strategic reasons, though.
        
         | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
         | > Europe just sucks in oil, gas, uranium and some coal from the
         | rest of the world to give back what exactly?
         | 
         | That's called manufacturing, the best skills in the world. Yeah
         | it's tough work and pay is not brilliant, but when shit happens
         | that's the thing that is going to save EU.
        
         | tom_ wrote:
         | > Europe just sucks in oil, gas, uranium and some coal from the
         | rest of the world to give back what exactly?
         | 
         | It's called "money". Numbers on a screen that you can exchange
         | for goods and services. The people with the oil are typically
         | quite happy to give Europeans that oil in exchange for some
         | European money - and the Europeans don't have to give anything
         | back at all. The exchange has been made.
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | Absolutely, and buying fossil fuel has definitely been
           | working, and it'll probably continue to work.
           | 
           | But if in the future we don't have to buy as much fossil fuel
           | as we do today, it'll probably have sizable effects on our
           | economies.
        
         | MadDemon wrote:
         | Europe might not have much oil and gas, but the future is in
         | renewables anyways. Western Europe has a lot of wind potential
         | at the coastlines. Northern Europe and the alpine region
         | already mostly run on hydro. Southern Europe has good solar
         | potential. And the continent is very compact, so distributing
         | the electricity can be done quite cheaply, since the distances
         | are small. That seems like a pretty good setup for a clean
         | energy future to me.
        
       | dexterdog wrote:
       | The title should say electrical grid power. I'm willing to bet
       | diesel was still the number one generator of all power.
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | I'm very excited for solar. In Europe we don't have much fossil
       | fuels, so our "hippiness" is not really a choice. I see some
       | people campaigning against European green energy or the
       | renewables and it doesn't make sense whatsoever unless you are
       | aligned with Russia or USA.
       | 
       | The coolest thing about solar is that the devices to capture the
       | fusion energy in the skies are manufactured, unlike other options
       | being built. I'm not anti-nuclear but I don't like its extremely
       | long building phase.
       | 
       | I sometimes fantasize about closed loop fully automatic solar PV
       | panels factories that we can build on some remote area, just
       | bring in the raw material and let it auto-expand using the energy
       | it captures. As it grows geometrically at some point we can
       | decide that we no longer want it to grow and start taking out the
       | finished PV panels and installing them everywhere.
       | 
       | Storage for the night probably wouldn't be that much of a
       | problem, not everything needs to work 24/7 and for these things
       | that need to work 24/7 we can use the already installed nuclear
       | capacity and as the energy during the day becomes practically
       | unlimited we can just stor it however we like even if its quite
       | inefficient. With unlimited energy space wouldn't be a problem,
       | we can dig holes and transfer materials into anything we need
       | with the practically free daytime energy.
        
         | ljlolel wrote:
         | Efficiency always matters. There's always capex, ROI, and
         | alternative opportunity costs for capital
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | It's OK to be inefficient sometimes.
        
         | mlyle wrote:
         | Reducing carbon emissions means electrifying a lot of things
         | that were not electric before. We are going to need a lot more
         | base generation than we have now.
         | 
         | Large grids, overbuilding renewables, diversity of renewables,
         | short and medium term storage, and load shedding/dynamic
         | pricing are all good starts but IMO won't be enough-- we should
         | scale up nuclear too.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | More, but not as much more as people often naively expect
           | because it turns out converting liquid fuel into motion by
           | burning/ exploding the fuel isn't very efficient on a small
           | scale whereas electric motors are very efficient, so 1TW year
           | of "People driving to work" in ICE cars does _not_ translate
           | into needing 1TW year extra electricity generation if they
           | have electric cars instead, let alone 1TW year of extra
           | network capacity to deliver it.
           | 
           | Where we're replacing fossil fuel heat with a heat pump we
           | don't get that efficiency improvement from motors - burning
           | fuel was 100% efficient per se, but the heat pump is > 100%
           | efficient in those terms because it's not making heat just
           | moving it.
           | 
           | Nuclear is much less popular than almost any generation
           | technology, so you're fighting a significant political battle
           | to make that happen.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | We need a lot more. Right now only about 25 to 33 pc of our
             | energy consumption is electric. Some of the rest will get
             | significant efficiency benefit like you mention -- cars,
             | building heating, etc. Others, much less so-- high
             | temperature industrial heat, long distance transport, etc.
             | 
             | Reaching current nighttime use with storage and wind and
             | existing hydro looks infeasible, and we need a minimum of
             | twice as much.
             | 
             | Power to gas (and back to power or to mix with natural gas
             | for existing uses) is probably a part of this, but nuclear
             | improves this (allowing there to be less of it and allowing
             | the electrolysis cells to be used for a greater fraction of
             | the day.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | People have run the numbers. We need about 30% more.
               | Which is a lot, but it's spread over 20-30 years, so it's
               | not a lot each year.
        
               | AngryData wrote:
               | Does that also account for industrial chemical processes
               | that don't have a simple power-energy exchange? Stuff
               | like making fertilizer or solvents and the like do take a
               | lot of electrical power currently, but will require even
               | more rarely accounted for energy to create base reagents
               | without fossil fuels. Like fertilizer already uses 1% of
               | global electricity today, but if we want to create
               | nitrogen fertilizers without fossil fuel sources, it
               | takes up to a 10 times increase in energy requirements to
               | synthesize from the air making it rise to near 10% of
               | current electrical generation. Many oils are used in
               | mechanical components are irreplaceable and have to be
               | sourced, but to do it without fossil fuels and synthesize
               | from organic materials also require a lot more energy
               | than we use to purify or synthesize from fossil fuels.
               | And the same is true of many solvents.
               | 
               | Its usage is technically accounted for in fossil fuel
               | extraction numbers, but generally ignored when people are
               | accounting for total electrical generation and the usage
               | of fuels as heat sources.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Relevant question: fossil fuel dependency has two parts,
               | the "peak oil" part, and the "global warming" part. As we
               | don't have to solve these at the same time, are the
               | things you raise more of a "peak oil" problem or a
               | "global warming" problem?
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | >we should scale up nuclear too.
           | 
           | With a 5x higher LCOE and lead times of 15-20 years instead
           | of 1-2 for solar/wind deployments, allocating money to scale
           | up nuclear as well will just make the transition happen
           | slower and at higher cost.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | One of the bigger other sources of emissions is transport;
           | transport requires some of the electricity is condensed into
           | a portable form regardless of the specifics -- batteries,
           | hydrogen, chunks of purified metal to burn, whatever -- and
           | that condensation means it doesn't get any extra novel
           | benefit from expensive-but-consistent nuclear over cheap-but-
           | predictably-intermittent renewables.
           | 
           | The scale is such that if we imagine a future with fully
           | electrified cars, the batteries in those cars are more than
           | enough to load-balance the current uses of the grid, and
           | still are enough for the current uses of the grid when those
           | batteries have been removed from the vehicles due to capacity
           | wear making them no longer useful in a vehicle.
           | 
           | The best time for more nuclear power was the 90s, the second
           | best was 10 years ago; unless you have a cunning plan you've
           | already shown to an investor about how to roll out reactors
           | much much faster, I wouldn't hold your breath on them.
        
         | xbmcuser wrote:
         | According to this in many parts of the world solar + batteries
         | is enough to provide 97-98% of all the electricity 24hr 365
         | days a year
         | 
         | https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/solar-electricity-e...
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Actually, that report is stronger than you're implying.
           | 
           | It's saying solar + batteries is enough to supply 97% of
           | power cheaper than any other way in sunny locales.
           | 
           | It's possible to get 99.99% of your power with solar +
           | batteries, you'd just need a _lot_ of batteries. The news is
           | that batteries have got so cheap that you 're better
           | installing enough batteries to hit 97% and leave your natgas
           | peakers idle 97% of the time. That number used to be a lot
           | lower, and that 97% number will be higher every year.
           | 
           | The other cool thing about that report is that it gives a
           | number of 90% for non-ideal places. Sure solar is cheap in
           | sunny locales, but that solar is cheap in places that aren't
           | sunny is far more exciting to me.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | The other thing the report isn't saying is that those
             | numbers improve a lot if you have power transmission or
             | other forms of power generation (say wind). They're
             | calculating things as if you're a datacenter in a single
             | location trying to yourself without any grid connection.
             | 
             | A small amount of other power generation whose output isn't
             | correlated with the sun overhead should do a lot to make
             | the last few percent (which come up when there's many
             | cloudy days in a row) cheaper.
             | 
             | Solar's just knocking it out of the park at this point.
             | Building out anything else new (as in you haven't already
             | started) doesn't really make sense.
        
             | ryao wrote:
             | It is possible to get >100% from solar + batteries. All
             | energy needs can be handled using only a small fraction of
             | solar radiation reaching the planet's surface.
             | 
             | That said, using it in aircraft (and a number of
             | boots/submersibles) economically is an unsolved problem,
             | but many other places can use it.
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | > _In Europe we don 't have much fossil fuels, so our
         | "hippiness" is not really a choice_
         | 
         | this argument relies on the false-but-widely-held idea that
         | "natural resources" are commercial wealth and if you don't hold
         | them you are poor. Look at Japan, has very limited natural
         | resources and not hippies but has built a world-class economy
         | on knowledge work. Look at resource rich 3rd world countries,
         | why are they poor?
         | 
         | If Europe needs oil, they can buy it, it's completely fungible
         | and sold at auction in huge volumes every day. The reason for
         | the switch to wind and solar is the global warming argument,
         | not the "we don't have our own oil" fallacy.
        
           | jasonsb wrote:
           | > The reason for the switch to wind and solar is the global
           | warming argument
           | 
           | I hate this argument. Why should one care about global
           | warming in order to switch to solar? It just makes sense
           | economically. Even if you think that the world is flat, solar
           | energy is still cheaper than anything else.
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Because there are uses of fossil fuels where solar won't be
             | cheaper to replace them, but that still must be eliminated
             | to avoid eventual disaster.
        
             | tialaramex wrote:
             | Because it's a fact. When your interlocutor doesn't care
             | about facts there's no particular reason they should care
             | it's cheaper, that's just another fact.
             | 
             | You say "OK, Joe thinks the Earth is flat but he should
             | still use Solar" and Joe doesn't follow. Joe's number one
             | news source is "Jenny Truth Sayer" on TikTok and Jenny just
             | told him that the solar panels attract Venusian Space
             | Clowns, and he has to smash them with a hammer or else his
             | genitals will explode
             | 
             | There are greedy assholes for whom it doesn't matter why
             | the line is going up. But it turns out they don't like wind
             | or solar because they're too democratic. Those assholes are
             | - like most capitalist asshole, used to a system where you
             | own stuff (a mine, a well, a pipeline, a ship) and you get
             | infinite money, but newer systems aren't about owning
             | stuff. You can't own the sunlight, or the wind, well then
             | it's no good is it? The big oil companies stepped back from
             | "We're part of the transition" and doubled down on fossil
             | fuels, because that means more money for them, and if we
             | all die well, too bad.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | > If Europe needs oil, they can buy it, it's completely
           | fungible and sold at auction in huge volumes every day
           | 
           | That didn't end well when the oil and gas supplier decided to
           | invade Europe. They even run clips showing how Europe will
           | freeze in the winter and be poor if keep supporting the
           | invaded ally.
           | 
           | Check this out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvdBzZVVovc
           | 
           | If EU wasn't heavily invested in green tech and efficiency,
           | the Russians film might have had become a reality.
           | 
           | Just use the fusion in the skies.
        
           | tuukkah wrote:
           | We now see it's not sensible to depend on other countries be
           | it for oil, ore, nuclear umbrella or cloud computing
           | providers.
           | 
           | I think we cannot buy oil and gas only from sane countries or
           | we would already.
           | 
           | How can you regain sovereignty? Installing solar and heat
           | pumps is part of this process.
        
           | dimal wrote:
           | You chose oil for your example, but what about natural gas?
           | If Europe needs natural gas, they can just buy it... and give
           | money directly to their enemy, Russia. Just buying what you
           | need isn't without second order effects. The second order
           | effects of solar and energy diversification are more
           | palatable than directly funding an enemy.
           | 
           | "Look at Japan". Ok, let's look. They attacked the US in 1941
           | because of the US oil embargo. Their current situation is
           | predicated on the US continuing to be the world's policeman,
           | ensuring that shipments get from point A to B. There will
           | come a time when that assumption will not hold.
           | 
           | Things change.
        
           | kaitai wrote:
           | Energy independence. The US fought wars for oil before
           | fracking. Supply chains are complex and disruptable.
           | Dependence on Russia for fuel leads to... dependence on
           | Russia. Or Iran. Or Saudi. Whatever country it may be, it's
           | dependence, and dependence can always be weaponized. This is
           | pure geopolitics. "You can just buy oil" is deeply foolish.
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > I'm very excited for solar. In Europe we don't have much
         | fossil fuels, so our "hippiness" is not really a choice. I see
         | some people campaigning against European green energy or the
         | renewables and it doesn't make sense whatsoever unless you are
         | aligned with Russia or USA.
         | 
         | > The coolest thing about solar is that the devices to capture
         | the fusion energy in the skies are manufactured, unlike other
         | options being built. I'm not anti-nuclear but I don't like its
         | extremely long building phase.
         | 
         | What do you do during a windless cloudy day or (any) night? No
         | solar, no wind, no nothing. Small clouds, large power
         | fluctuations, and you get grid failures.
         | 
         | Yes, sure, nuclear takes 10 years to build, and 10 years ago,
         | people like you were complaining about the same things, and
         | same for 20 and 30 years ago. If we didn't listen to the "it'll
         | take 10 years..." 10, 20, 30 years ago, we'd have a lot more
         | nuclear power now, that also works at night.
        
           | lukan wrote:
           | I don't think you will find a day where there is no sun and
           | no wind in all of europe. The costal areas usually gave
           | constant wind and the south constant sun.
           | 
           | And we do have and build much more high voltage transmission
           | lines.
           | 
           | And otherwise there is no technical limit to build lots of
           | rare earth free batteries. Once they are common in allmost
           | every household and once electric cars can be used for that,
           | too, I don't see any technical problem.
           | 
           | It takes time and investment of course. And pragmatism till
           | we are there. I don't like coal plants, but I am not in favor
           | of just shutting them down now.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | > I don't think you will find a day where there is no sun
             | and no wind in all of europe.
             | 
             | For the US PJM (US east coast and midwest) and CAISO
             | (California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada) grid areas, total
             | wind power fluctuates over a 4:1 range on a daily basis.
             | Both grids post dashboards where you can see this.
             | Averaging out wind over a large area does not help all that
             | much.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Solar fluctuates too; there's not much at night.
               | 
               | This largely means we have to build a bit more of each,
               | and store some.
               | 
               | The chances of an entire continent being devoid of wind
               | _and_ solar _for an extended period_ becomes vanishingly
               | small pretty fast.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | There is a paper floating around showing that for both
               | US+Canada and the continental EU there has never been a
               | single hour where there has been no wind and no sun
               | somewhere in a 30 year period.
        
               | Animats wrote:
               | > There is a paper floating around
               | 
               | This needs a better cite.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | We will take the day off I guess as we run the critical stuff
           | on nuclear. I don't fancy nuclear because it's too involved,
           | takes forever to build, its a big deal, needs long term
           | planning. I also don't believe that there are enough smart
           | and trustworthy people to take care of a nuclear
           | infrastructure that powers the world for generations,
           | disasters will happen. Let's use the quick, simple, safe and
           | unlimited potential. Nuclear has its place for sure though.
        
             | engineer_22 wrote:
             | Solar efficiency degrades over time. When these sites are
             | no longer economical their owners will turn to bankruptcy,
             | we'll have thousands of hectares of green fields covered in
             | disarrayed broken blue panels, overgrown, unmaintained, a
             | public nuisance of massive proportions in the making.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Everything degrades over time.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Those locations have a large grid connection, which is
               | valuable enough to pay for the decomissioning / cleanup
               | costs so something else can use the connection.
               | 
               | Heck, there are companies cleaning up coal plants to use
               | the connection for solar or wind, and that's a lot more
               | expensive than cleaning up an old solar plant.
        
               | ForestCritter wrote:
               | Solar panels are not degradable and are piling up in
               | toxic landfills as are windmill blades.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Solar panels are made of exactly the stuff needed to make
               | solar panels.
        
               | ChocolateGod wrote:
               | Yeh, it's not as if they can't replace the solar panels
               | or anything.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | Just absolute nonsense. Modern panels are often
               | guaranteed to produce 90% of their nameplate capacity for
               | 25 years and then degrade at something like 0.35%/year
               | afterwards. A panel installed today will likely be
               | generating more than 60% of it's capacity by 2100 and
               | will have done so for 75 years.
        
           | ChocolateGod wrote:
           | > What do you do during a windless cloudy day or (any) night?
           | No solar, no wind, no nothing. Small clouds, large power
           | fluctuations, and you get grid failures.
           | 
           | Even when it's cloudy there's still light, it's not as if
           | it's pitch black when there's clouds, what do you think is
           | illuminating everything still?
           | 
           | But efficiency in solar panels needs to increase, which is
           | happening.
        
         | mnahkies wrote:
         | > we can dig holes and transfer materials into anything we need
         | with the practically free daytime energy.
         | 
         | I guess you mean stuff like this https://gravitricity.com/ - I
         | believe there's a few old coals mines in Scotland that have
         | (/in progress) been retrofitted as gravity batteries to store
         | renewables which is pretty cool
         | (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5yd18q248jo)
        
         | nine_k wrote:
         | Currently not even the battery capacity is the limiting factor;
         | transmission lines are. The average lead tine to connect your
         | generator to an existing high-voltage transmission line in 12
         | to 18 months in most of the EU. Building a new line takes
         | years.
         | 
         | Due to that, much of the solar generation can't but be highly
         | local.
        
           | thebruce87m wrote:
           | I see transmission lines mentioned a lot, but surely keeping
           | the lines we have loaded 100% of the time is part of the
           | equation and batteries can help with that too.
           | 
           | I'd love to know how well loaded the lines are and a cost
           | analysis of batteries at every sensible junction. Things like
           | charging batteries close to solar and discharging them at
           | night and having residential batteries to cope with peak
           | demand.
        
         | vimy wrote:
         | Batteries can't cover a dunkelflaute that lasts weeks. Like
         | what happened last year (or the year before, not really sure).
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | If you have enough battery manufacturing capacity to make all
           | your vehicles electric, you have enough battery manufacturing
           | capacity to cover a week or two of not just dunkelflaute but
           | even "why is the moon hovering directly between us and the
           | sun, isn't it supposed to be moving?", which is darker than
           | that.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | One of the benefits of nuclear, it turns out, is it's less
         | likely to be bomber than panels, batteries, transformers and
         | HVDC cables. I have no doubt that Europe will monoculture its
         | energy balance again. But that also makes it uniquely easy to
         | bully by military threat, overt or covert.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Solar plants are fairly resilient to bomb damage:
           | https://www.pv-magazine.com/2022/06/02/ukrainian-solar-
           | plant...
        
           | toxic72 wrote:
           | That is true, but I'd rather deal with a busted solar farm
           | than a busted nuclear reactor
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Why would they be less likely to be bombed? Zaporizhzhia
           | Nuclear Power Plant got bombed in 2022.
           | 
           | There's no strong deterrent there. These plants don't blow up
           | like nukes, or even Chernobyl. _Nuclear_ disasters require
           | very precise conditions to sustain the chain reaction.
           | Blowing up a reactor with conventional weapons will spread
           | the fuel around, which is a nasty pollution, but localized
           | enough that it 's the victim's problem not the aggressor's
           | problem.
           | 
           | Why do you even mention transformers and cables as an implied
           | _alternative_ to nuclear power plants? Power plants
           | absolutely require power distribution infrastructure, which
           | is vulnerable to attacks.
           | 
           | From the perspective of resiliency against military attacks,
           | solar + batteries seem the best - you can have them
           | distributed without any central point of failure, you can
           | move them, and the deployments can be as large or small as
           | you want.
           | 
           | (BTW, this isn't argument against nuclear energy in general.
           | It's safe, and we should build more of it, and build as much
           | solar as we can, too).
        
           | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
           | Bombing solar infrastructure works about as well as bombing a
           | farm. Solar is way too cheap to be worth bombing.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | I'm more concerned with what happened in Spain recently when
         | solar was peak and they couldn't correct for a voltage
         | oscillation. Power companies keep building solar and wind with
         | grid following inverters so there's very little frequency and
         | voltage inertia if steam turbines aren't running. We need to
         | start legislatively mandating grid forming inverters or
         | flywheels or something that maintains stability or blackouts
         | will be get more and more common as we switch over.
        
           | jamescrowley wrote:
           | The investigation has shown it was in fact nothing to do with
           | renewable energy sources despite the noise made at the time -
           | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/what-caused-
           | iberian-...
        
           | vvillena wrote:
           | The Spain blackout was caused by a multitude of reasons. Lack
           | of stability was one of the factors, but there were other
           | causes, such as energy generation facilities disconnecting
           | while the oscillations were still under a nominal range, or a
           | generator ordered to become online to induce stability, that
           | started driving the load in the wrong direction. All this was
           | compounded by a distribution network unable to redistribute
           | or at least isolate the problems to individual regions,
           | resulting in a complete blackout.
           | 
           | All in all, it's several things that need to be reinforced.
           | The distribution network needs to be smarter. The energy
           | generation facilities need to be tested through their entire
           | voltage range, so they can be counted upon. And there has to
           | be more voltage inertia available in the network.
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | > I see some people campaigning against European green energy
         | or the renewables and it doesn't make sense whatsoever unless
         | you are aligned with Russia or USA.
         | 
         | No, you got this exactly the wrong way.
         | 
         | In fact, it was Russia who initially funded European (German)
         | "green" movement, their main purpose was opposing _nuclear_ (by
         | far the greenest elective source of energy, as evidenced by
         | France 's carbon footprint), so that Europe (Germany) would get
         | hooked on Russian gas.
         | 
         | The plan worked brilliantly!
        
           | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
           | Nuclear power is great if you have it. Not even the French
           | seem capable of building new ones at a timescale or cost that
           | is relevant in todays world dominated by renewables together
           | with storage recently kicking into overdrive.
        
             | lysace wrote:
             | "The west is weak. Not capable of building like the
             | motherland."
        
             | exiguus wrote:
             | It's great for the companies that run the plants because
             | they are highly funded by subsidies from the society in
             | which they are built. Nuclear power simply does not work
             | from a capitalist point of view. Former Governments just
             | swallowed this pill, because they had no natural resources
             | that produce enough energy and they tried to stay
             | independent. Now you can do this with renewable energy.
        
               | closewith wrote:
               | > Nuclear power simply does not work from a capitalist
               | point of view.
               | 
               | So what? Capitalism doesn't work from any point of view.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Some of that is because people are so skeptical of it, it
               | never got to economies of scale. You could say the same
               | thing about pretty much any energy source prior to it
               | being scaled up.
               | 
               | Tbf, perhaps that is still an instrinsic problem with
               | nuclear, that it isn't easily ammenable to economies of
               | scale the way solar pannels or fossil fuels are.
        
           | lysace wrote:
           | My spidery senses after engaging with online anti-nuclear
           | power propagandists in Sweden: they are still at it.
        
           | exiguus wrote:
           | Thats actually not that wrong, because there were contracts
           | between Russia and germany for over then years, where Russia
           | offered very cheap gas for the German industry (Nord-Stream I
           | and II was build for that).
           | 
           | But beside this, Germany was leading in the anti-nuclear
           | movement, and finally shut down there last nuclear power
           | plant two years ago. Currently, in Germany, renewable energy
           | sources [1] are around 75% in the summer and and 55% in the
           | winter month. Renewable are growing fast [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.energy-
           | charts.info/charts/renewable_share/chart....
           | 
           | [2] https://www.energy-
           | charts.info/charts/remod_installed_power_...
        
             | ForestCritter wrote:
             | Don't forget that they have power shortages and strict
             | rationing in that equation. So at the end of the day they
             | have 75% solar but it is not adequate for the population.
        
               | exiguus wrote:
               | Thats not true. It's 75% renewable. Means, biomass, wind,
               | solar etc.. And in Winter it is 55% renewable. Shortages
               | are compensate mostly with fast booting Gas, Coal and
               | Hydrogen plants. Also trading[1] in Germany is relatively
               | even (in/out).
               | 
               | [1] https://www.energy-
               | charts.info/charts/import_export/chart.ht...
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | Whether or not this was true historically, its not really
           | relavent now, where the primary green thing is solar which
           | competes with russian gas.
        
         | vimy wrote:
         | > In Europe we don't have much fossil fuels, so our "hippiness"
         | is not really a choice.
         | 
         | We have plenty of oil and gas (normal and fracking). We have
         | just convinced ourselves its better to leave it in the ground
         | and pay foreign countries instead. -\\_(tsu)_/-
         | 
         | The energy crisis in Europe is a self-inflicted wound.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Just needs more storage. Europe benefits a lot from
       | diversification and transfers but there are still some pretty
       | wild swings happening.
       | 
       | e.g. The UK grid fluctuates between 25% and 75% renewable. That
       | only works because there is significant gas capacity on hand plus
       | France nuclear and Norway hydro can cover about 15% with
       | interconnects.
       | 
       | Only way to get this even more renewable is with plenty storage
       | (or nuclear if you're of that persuasion)
        
         | lysace wrote:
         | > Just needs more storage.
         | 
         | It "just" needs to be a magnitude or maybe two more economical.
         | 
         | Context: Nordics, generally electric residential heating via
         | heat pumps, week-long periods of very little sun + wind,
         | typically when it's the coldest.
         | 
         | In the meanwhile we are rebuilding nuclear.
        
           | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
           | Rebuilding nuclear?
           | 
           | You mean like OL3 or the political noise with hundreds of
           | billions in subsidies needed to get the projects started?
        
             | lysace wrote:
             | I recognize your username from Reddit. I have read
             | literally hundreds of comments from you there.
             | 
             | I get it, you really dislike the Nordics' nuclear power
             | production increasing. Since we run a net export this
             | reduces gas imports from Russia. I do admit that I have
             | wondered if the reason you are so obsessed with this topic
             | has something to do with that country.
             | 
             | I have witnessed far more patient people than myself deal
             | with your insistence over and over.
             | 
             | I have also noticed what I would think of as almost a
             | religious zeal on your part. In these long and painful
             | arguments you refuse to learn when people try really hard
             | to impart relevant knowledge.
             | 
             | Thus I will not engage any further.
        
               | ViewTrick1002 wrote:
               | I just dislike lavish handouts to an industry that has
               | spent the past 70 years living on them experiencing
               | negative learning by doing and still expects the public
               | to pay for their insurance.
               | 
               | The plan is essentially locking in energy poverty for
               | generations due to the costs.
               | 
               | Are you not worried about pissing away one of the largest
               | advantages Scandinavia has in cheap electricity? And
               | instead of investing in the future we're going all in on
               | a dead end industry.
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | It also was the hottest June on record for Western Europe:
       | https://climate.copernicus.eu/heatwaves-contribute-warmest-j...
        
       | ethan_smith wrote:
       | Important to note that solar achieved this despite having lower
       | capacity factors (~15-25% in Europe) compared to other sources,
       | meaning the installed capacity is likely 3-4x what the headline
       | number suggests.
        
       | ricardo81 wrote:
       | The LCOE of solar/wind is the cheapest but it does not seem to be
       | common knowledge. The lack of common knowledge often is some kind
       | of polarised political beliefs, from what I've seen
       | 
       | Marginal pricing seems to be a large part of the problem when the
       | general public do not see the benefit of this green revolution
       | that's been going a long time.
       | 
       | In the UK part of the payment is for social/environmental
       | factors. It's about time the state awarded people that have
       | already done that instead of paying marginal prices.
        
         | phtrivier wrote:
         | LCOE is only fair with storage taken into account, which is
         | hard because storage does not necessarily exist in capacities
         | to make a comparison with non intermittent sources relevant.
         | 
         | The joke is that the LCOE of solar is "Infinity / kWh" at night
         | if the battery is empty, "-Infinity / kWh" at noon if the
         | reservoir is full, and "NaN / kWh" when there is not enough
         | cables.
         | 
         | That being said, the answer to "which carbon -light electricity
         | source should we build ?" is "YES".
         | 
         | I, too, long for the days where we have batteries massive
         | enough to not even care any more.
        
           | gpm wrote:
           | This was true a couple of years ago.
           | 
           | This is no longer true.
           | 
           | Storage has become a lot cheaper very rapidly. The LCOE of
           | solar with storage covering the night is now competitive.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | Night, sure. Doesn't work in winter though. (Not that that
             | means we should stop building solar - we're still far from
             | the point where it wouldn't make sense to build any more
             | solar because we can't store the energy.)
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | If you're bordering on the article circle, yes. Otherwise
               | you just have to overbuild a bit more.
        
       | Someone wrote:
       | As is usual in this kind of articles, the headline says "power"
       | where it means "electricity". FTA:
       | 
       |  _"For the first time, solar was the largest source of
       | electricity in the EU last month, supplying a record 22 percent
       | of the bloc's power."_
       | 
       | Great result, but not "biggest source of power" yet.
        
         | kraftman wrote:
         | I must be missing something, what other type of power would
         | they be referring to when talking about solar?
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Power used to drive the wheels of cars & trucks, energy used
           | to heat houses.
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | I'm not sure this makes sense? If you have a solar system
             | setup at home, with a battery, electric heating and also ev
             | charger, then it's all the same thing. Or am I
             | misunderstanding something?
        
               | bdcravens wrote:
               | Electricity is a type of energy, but all energy isn't
               | electricity. The total amount of energy is electricity +
               | non-electricity energy, and solar doesn't yet equal to
               | greater than 50% of that total.
        
       | athenot wrote:
       | June and July have the most amount of sunlight so that makes
       | sense. The numbers look a bit different in December.
       | 
       | Still, diversity of energy production is a good thing. There's no
       | one silver bullet. Solar + Wind + Nuclear + Fossil + Hydro all
       | have their pros and cons.
       | 
       | In particular, during hot and dry months, Solar will shine while
       | Hydro will be a trickle of power (no pun intended), also
       | affecting Nuclear and Fossil power plants near rivers.
        
       | exiguus wrote:
       | The transformation paths for Germany show, that they want to
       | dismiss fossil energy sources until 2035. In Germany renewable
       | energy share is around 70%. Last nuclear-power plant was shut
       | down 2023.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.energy-
       | charts.info/charts/remod_installed_power_...
       | 
       | [2] https://www.energy-
       | charts.info/charts/renewable_share/chart....
        
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