[HN Gopher] Upgrading an M4 Pro Mac mini's storage for half the ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Upgrading an M4 Pro Mac mini's storage for half the price
        
       Author : speckx
       Score  : 273 points
       Date   : 2025-07-11 14:06 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.jeffgeerling.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.jeffgeerling.com)
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Comparing the speeds of a new flash device and an old, used one
       | will typically not be valid unless steps are taken to condition
       | the new device into a steady operating state.
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | What might those steps be?
        
           | daneel_w wrote:
           | Putting the new one through an equal amount of use that the
           | old one saw, because SSD controller firmware is unpredictable
           | and many SSDs see reduced performance with time.
        
       | jtbayly wrote:
       | I'm surprised and happy that this is possible.
        
       | porphyra wrote:
       | There are also shops in China that will upgrade the SSD in a mac
       | mini for cheaper and they will do all the work of the DFU restore
       | etc.
        
         | ttul wrote:
         | And when the machine arrives back in the States, it even has a
         | fresh CPC ROM soldered onto the back of the SOC!
        
           | mattl wrote:
           | CPC?
        
             | msh wrote:
             | Communist party of china aka ccp
        
             | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
             | Possibly ParaDOS?
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | Ha! I'm sure I asked you about this before but I think
               | you hinted at one point about being able to supply PD on
               | a format other than disc and I think you said not on
               | cassette. What was that?
        
           | bigyabai wrote:
           | Don't be rude, your NSA ROM gets lonely sometimes.
        
             | mmh0000 wrote:
             | I feel that you're being downvoted by people who don't know
             | history.
             | 
             | I'll add some references:
             | 
             | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2014/05/photos-of-an-
             | nsa...
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_global_surveillance_dis
             | c...
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | They know, they just wish it weren't true.
               | 
               | "You only know me as you see me, not as I actually am"
        
               | daneel_w wrote:
               | Same with the guy half-joking about Chinese malicious
               | implants. Because of course China would never engage in
               | espionage. It's interesting to note that he/she got
               | downvoted a lot harder.
        
           | chvid wrote:
           | Do you actually believe this?
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | I'm not a security researcher, but I get the distinct
           | impression that Apple's hardware security is good enough that
           | if you actually had an evil-maid attack on the M4 Pro Mac
           | mini, it would instantly become the hottest news in the
           | security community.
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | I would not be so sure that Apple's hardware security is
             | good enough, taking into account that for several years it
             | has been possible to take complete control remotely and
             | undetectably over any iPhone, because of a combination of
             | hardware and software bugs.
             | 
             | The Apple Mx CPUs had some secret test registers that
             | allowed the bypassing of all hardware memory protections
             | and which could be accessed by those who were aware of
             | their existence, because they were not disabled after
             | production, as they should have been. Combined with some
             | software bugs in some Apple system libraries, this allowed
             | an attacker to obtain privileged execution rights by
             | sending an invisible message to the iPhone.
             | 
             | It is unknown whether the same secret test registers were
             | also open in the laptop versions of the Apple Mx CPUs.
             | There the invisible message attack route would have been
             | unavailable, but malicious Web pages might have been able
             | to use the same exploit.
             | 
             | This incredible security failure has been hot news for a
             | couple of weeks, together with the long list of CVEs
             | associated with it, and it has been also discussed on HN,
             | but after that it has been quickly forgotten. Now most
             | people still think that the Apple devices have good
             | security, despite their history showing otherwise. I do not
             | think that any other hardware vendor except Apple has been
             | caught with a security bug so dumb as those unprotected
             | hardware test registers.
             | 
             | This was not a theoretical security failure, but it was
             | discovered because some unknown attackers had used it for a
             | long time to spy on some iPhone owners. The attack had been
             | discovered by studying the logs of WiFi access points,
             | which had shown an unusually high outbound traffic coming
             | from the iPhones, which were exfiltrating the acquired
             | data.
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | It is mindboggling simple to override Apple MDM and device
             | enrollment for MBPs. In a manner that is one and done,
             | survives upgrades etc.
             | 
             | Two minutes or less, 4 DNS entries.
             | 
             | I'm a lot less convinced than you are of the hardiness of
             | Apple's security.
        
               | bigyabai wrote:
               | To be fair, the parent comment did qualify their
               | uncertainty four whole times:
               | 
               | 1) "I'm not a security researcher" (ethos; repeal to
               | authority)
               | 
               | 2) "I get" (pathos; personal opinion)
               | 
               | 3) "distinct impression" (pathos; emotional appeal)
               | 
               | 4) "good enough" (logos; implies security is
               | immeasurable/infeasible to prove)
               | 
               | Now, I wouldn't get caught _dead_ endorsing a company
               | that I have to write so many excuses for. But they _did_
               | warn you!
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | I wrote "Apple's _hardware_ security ".
        
         | daneel_w wrote:
         | But Jeff doesn't live in China.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | Could such a place exist in the US or would Apple shut it down?
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | I think it could since a lot of shade tree iphone repair
           | shops exist. Probably not enough demand to pay for the
           | overhead unlike in china though.
        
       | wpm wrote:
       | I was quite pleased with the iBoff 2TB SSD I got for my M4 Mini.
       | It's sad how badly Apple has some of us conditioned with the
       | pathetic amounts of storage they include. I haven't had a Mac
       | with more than 512GB of storage, basically, ever? And recently I
       | was on my Mini, digging through some old backups, and hesitated
       | as I normally would downloading a 40GB zip from my NAS, because
       | "oh geeze this is 40GB plus another 40 after decompression, do I
       | have enough space?" because 80GB is normally 15% of my Mac's
       | storage space. Then I remembered, oh yeah, heaps of storage,
       | this'll only cost me 4% of the total. I bought this Mac with the
       | 256GB base SSD knowing I could upgrade, and nearly 40% of the
       | drive was taken up _out of the box_.
       | 
       | It's pure robbery on Apple's part. Completely beyond the pale
       | now. Their ridiculous RAM and storage prices were never that big
       | of a deal back in the PowerBook/early Macbook Pro days, because
       | you could always opt out if you were a tiny bit handy with a
       | small screwdriver (my 2008 unibody lets me swap storage with *1*
       | screw, swap a battery with _zero_!). Now? It 's unforgivable. I
       | don't care about soldered RAM, I get it, but it is despicable
       | charging as much as the entire computer to upgrade the RAM a
       | paltry 16GB.
       | 
       | There's profit, and there's actively making your entire product
       | experience worse in pursuit of profit. Having to constantly hem
       | and haw over oh god oh geeze do I have enough local storage for
       | this basic task, having to juggle external storage and copying
       | files back and forth (since plenty of their own shit doesn't work
       | if its installed on an external SSD), or constantly deleting and
       | redownloading larger apps, makes the product experience worse.
       | Full stop. At the very least _every_ Mac they sell should have
       | 512GB, if not a TB, stock. I 'm tired of acting like SSDs are
       | some insanely expensive luxury like it's 2008 again.
        
         | skeezyboy wrote:
         | cant you just install macOs on your own hardware or are they
         | typically Apple in that department as well?
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Are you familiar with Hackintosh? That's what people did with
           | Intel based platforms. Apple Silicon put an end to the
           | Hackintosh.
        
             | delfinom wrote:
             | Hackintosh still exists. macOS 16 will be officially the
             | last x86 supporting release.
             | 
             | But I think it's point, the performance of Hackintosh is
             | terrible for many reasons as its all a hackjob.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | The Hackintoshes I've built were much better performance
               | for price compared to equivalent official model. It just
               | took a lot longer to get them up an running. We were
               | building for production machines vs personal use, so
               | things like Messages, AppStore, etc that could be tricky
               | to get to work were just not something we cared about.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I ran Hackintoshes for many years. Performance on a
               | $1500-2000 Intel platform was always extremely good
               | (certainly better than any Mac I was willing to shell out
               | for and sometimes better than any Mac that was sold).
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | That time period of the trash can mac saw a lot of people
               | looking to have a useful computer and Hackintosh was the
               | only way. We had systems with multiple GPUs that blew the
               | doors off the trash can's AMD multiple year old GPUs.
               | Then, when the new GPUs came out, Hackintoshes just
               | upgraded while the trash can just sat their all sad in
               | how useless it was.
               | 
               | The people involved in making the Hackintosh possible
               | should be immortalized in stone carvings to be remembered
               | for all of time.
        
               | jmb99 wrote:
               | Performance was very, very good in my experience.
               | Benchmarks normally took a 10% hit vs their equivalents
               | on windows, but being able to run macOS on arbitrary
               | consumer hard made performance incredibly cheap. My first
               | proper bang-for-buck machine was an i7-4790k with an R9
               | 270x GPU, 16GB of RAM, and a combination of SSD and HDD
               | storage. Total cost was around $1300 CAD if I remember
               | correctly, which is absurdly cheap compared to what you'd
               | have to pay at the time for a Mac with that performance.
               | I also ran macOS on a 2x E5-2670 machine with 64GB of
               | RAM, as well as a 2x E5-2697 v2 machine, and an i9-12900k
               | machine with an RX 6950XT GPU, all of which were
               | incredible value compared to an off-the-shelf Mac. It's
               | only recently that Macs are catching up to hackintoshes
               | performance-to-dollar wise, because Apple Silicon is
               | very, very good. Once I get my WRX90 workstation
               | hackintoshed it should give the Mac Studio and Mac Pro a
               | run for their money, but not for much longer if Apple
               | drops support for x86 after macOS 16.
        
             | MYEUHD wrote:
             | Source? Last year I installed macOS 14 on a Thinkpad X230
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Sure, if you want to linger onto old versions of the OS,
               | but once Apple quits supporting Intel it will be over.
               | 
               | So maybe I'm calling it early, but it will at some point
               | be pointless to continue running the old Intel systems.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Can't emulate or spoof m series chip?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | with what? the m series is everything on the chip. you're
               | suggesting an Intel CPU an Nvidia GPU and a bunch of RAM
               | sticks to be emulated to present itself to the OS as a
               | single device?
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Not at any usable level of performance. It's a completely
               | different hardware architecture.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | man, perspective here is quite funny to me. I just wrote a
         | diatribe about SSD speeds vs my HDD experience in life. At $699
         | to have 5+GB/s throughput would make a younger me look at you
         | like you had two heads and just walked out of UFO. There's no
         | way it could be that fast/small/cheap in any future without
         | alien tech. I get that Apple's pricing is higher than other
         | options. Even still, it's dirt cheap compared for the
         | performance that allows high-end to consumers.
         | 
         | Even still, I'm a huge fan of taking advantage of the cheaper
         | options with an portable external chassis and a nice
         | thunderbolt cable. While not quite as fast as the internal
         | version, it's still 2+GB/s worth of speed that exceeds my
         | needs/use.
         | 
         | So from my perspective, it's dirt cheap compared to your
         | insanely expensive perspective
        
           | wpm wrote:
           | >taking advantage of the cheaper options with an portable
           | external chassis and a nice thunderbolt cable.
           | 
           | This has a number of downsides on macOS. I am well aware of
           | the cheapness of this, but you also get a worse user-
           | experience. I have a huge NAS that I could connect to over
           | 10GbE too, save for no native iSCSI drivers. I have a handful
           | of external SSDs in enclosures, but I can't easily boot off
           | of it (and if I do, certain features of the OS get disabled).
           | I can't easily or reliably move my home folder to it. I can't
           | clean up my desk without buying expensive external "docks" or
           | something that in addition to a standard M.2 SSD, come out to
           | _more_ expensive than the iBoff upgrade. I have to waste my
           | time juggling files back and forth from the external to the
           | internal in situations where I either want to (for faster
           | speeds) or need to (in cases where Apple 's software refuses
           | to work if its not on the internal SSD).
           | 
           | Yeah, 20 years ago the thought of 5GB/s for less than a grand
           | was fantasy. It's not fantasy anymore, and it's not 20 years
           | ago. I'm tired of pretending it is to justify these
           | outrageous prices Apple is extracting from their customers.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | There maybe some Stockholm Syndrome, but to be clear, I'd
             | be much happier with cheaper anything too.
             | 
             | You're also acting like I'm suggesting running the OS from
             | the external. That's just a weird way to think about it.
             | The system drive is just that, for the system and apps and
             | home folder. Media belongs on a different volume. Granted,
             | I'm a media person with professional workflow mentality
             | where the media is never small enough to fit on a system
             | drive. Plus, "back in the day" the media drives were much
             | faster than the system drive. So it's all turned up on its
             | head in that regard
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | > It's pure robbery on Apple's part. Completely beyond the pale
         | now. Their ridiculous RAM and storage prices were never that
         | big of a deal back in the PowerBook/early Macbook Pro days,
         | because you could always opt out if you were a tiny bit handy
         | with a small screwdriver (my 2008 unibody lets me swap storage
         | with _1_ screw, swap a battery with zero!). Now? It 's
         | unforgivable. I don't care about soldered RAM, I get it, but it
         | is despicable charging as much as the entire computer to
         | upgrade the RAM a paltry 16GB.
         | 
         | For what it's worth, I completely agree with you.
         | 
         | But.
         | 
         | I suspect that Apple isn't _solely_ doing this for profit.
         | Apple 's pricing structure aggressively funnels people into the
         | base config for each CPU.
         | 
         | Thinking about getting an M4 with upgraded ram? A base config
         | M4 pro starts to look pretty good.
         | 
         | In practice, this means that Apple's logistics is dramatically
         | simplified since 95% of people are ordering a small number of
         | SKUs.
         | 
         | > There's profit, and there's actively making your entire
         | product experience worse in pursuit of profit.
         | 
         | It was really egregious when the base config only came with 8
         | GB of ram. I'll admit that storage can be a bit tight depending
         | on what you're trying to do, but at least external storage is
         | an option, however ugly and/or inconvenient it may be for some.
        
           | int0x29 wrote:
           | Don't want to deal with the logistics of lots of SKUs? Don't
           | sell them. Trying to upsell people is a money move. Selling a
           | SKU where the 80+gb OS is like 40% of the disk is a good SKU
           | to cut. Especially if some consumers are unlikely to realize
           | how little space they will actually have.
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | The idea is to then also funnel them into icloud drive
             | plans
        
             | nordsieck wrote:
             | > Don't want to deal with the logistics of lots of SKUs?
             | Don't sell them. Trying to upsell people is a money move.
             | Selling a SKU where the 80+gb OS is like 40% of the disk is
             | a good SKU to cut.
             | 
             | This isn't a profitable move from Apple's perspective -
             | they try to keep the base unit at about the same price
             | across generations. That's what happened when they moved
             | from 8 GB of ram to 16 GB.
        
         | gmanley wrote:
         | The RAM has always been the biggest issue, for me. I'd almost
         | always prefer to have my larger data on an external system. In
         | my case an NAS or several RAID enclosures. Having the data
         | "mobility" is important. My normal workflow is to have my
         | active work on the system in question and then move it back
         | forth as I finish or swap projects. In recent years, I have
         | never maxed out my storage on my Macs. To be fair, I don't work
         | with a bunch of 4K video editing, or other huge datasets, so
         | maybe that's where it becomes more of a problem.
        
       | yread wrote:
       | 700$ for 4TB! Getting robbed in broad daylight and writing a
       | happy blogpost about it
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | Getting robbed less is better than getting robbed more.
        
           | master_crab wrote:
           | True. But I don't know if I'd be gleeful if the robber left
           | me the credit cards and took the cash.
           | 
           | Looks like you also have to do the upgrade yourself (so it's
           | not all just cash money being forked over).
        
             | apparent wrote:
             | Also surely voids AppleCare, if you have it.
        
             | flkenosad wrote:
             | I'm not sure what you're getting down voted for. Apple is
             | the most corrupting capitalist force in the computing
             | world. What they're doing should be criminal.
        
               | fckgw wrote:
               | Oh brother
        
         | tuananh wrote:
         | > I was provided the $699 M4 Pro 4TB SSD upgrade by M4-SSD.
         | It's quite expensive (especially compared to normal 4TB NVMe
         | SSDs, which range from $200-400)...
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Yes, that kind of culture is why while I appreciate many of
         | Apple's technologies, I rather let customers or employers
         | provide hardware if they feel so inclined for me to use Apple.
         | 
         | Privately it is all about Linux/Windows/Android.
         | 
         | Very good insights,
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cult_of_Mac
        
         | teaearlgraycold wrote:
         | Custom low volume hardware is going to be more expensive.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | SSD speeds are nothing short of miraculous in my mind. I come
       | from the old days of striping 16 HDDs together (at a minimum
       | number) to get 1GB/s throughput. Depending on the chassis, that
       | was 2 8-drive enclosures in the "desktop" version or the large
       | 4RU enclosures with redundant PSUs and fans loud enough to
       | overpower arena rock concerts. Now, we can get 5+GB/s throughput
       | from a tiny stick that can be used externally via a single cable
       | for data&power that is absolutely silent. I edit 4K+ video as
       | well, and now can edit directly from the same device the camera
       | recorded to during production. I'm skipping over the parts of
       | still making backups, but there's no more multi-hour copy from
       | source media to edit media during a DIT step. I've spent many a
       | shoot as a DIT wishing the 1s&0s would travel across devices much
       | faster while everyone else on the production has already left, so
       | this is much appreciated by me. Oh, and those 16 device units
       | only came close to 4TB around the time of me finally dropping
       | spinning rust.
       | 
       | The first enclosure I ever dealt with was a 7-bay RAID-0 that
       | could just barely handle AVR75 encoding from Avid. Just barely to
       | the point that only video was saved to the array. The audio
       | throughput would put it over the top, so audio was saved to a
       | separate external drive.
       | 
       | Using SSD feels like a well deserved power up from those days.
        
         | gchamonlive wrote:
         | > I come from the old days of striping 16 HDDs together (at a
         | minimum number) to get 1GB/s throughput
         | 
         | Woah, how long would that last before you'd start having to
         | replace the drives?
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Depending on the HDD vendor/model. We had hot spares and cold
           | spares. On one build, we had a bad batch of drives. We built
           | the array on a Friday, and left it for burn-in running over
           | the weekend. On Monday, we came in to a bunch of alarms and
           | >50% failure rate. At least they died during the burn-in so
           | no data loss, but it was an extreme example. That was across
           | multiple 16-bay rack mount chassis. It was an infamous case
           | though, we were not alone.
           | 
           | More typically, you'd have a drive die much less frequently,
           | but it was something you absolutely had to be prepared for.
           | With RAID-6 and a hot spare, you could be okay with a single
           | drive failure. Theoretically, you could lose two, but it
           | would be a very nervy day getting the array to rebuild
           | without issue.
        
             | gchamonlive wrote:
             | I asked because I did a makeshift NAS for myself with three
             | 4tb ironwolf, but they died before the third year. I didn't
             | investigate much, but it was most likely because of power
             | outages and a lack of a nobreak PSU at that time. It's
             | still quite a bit of work to maintain physical hard drives
             | and the probability of failure as I understand tend to
             | increase the more units the array has because of inverse
             | probability (not the likelihood of one of them failing but
             | the likelihood of none of them failing after a period of
             | time, which is cumulative)
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Any electronic gear that you care about _must_ be
               | connected to a UPS. HDDs are very susceptible to power
               | issues. Good UPS are also line conditioners so you get a
               | clean sine wave rather than whatever comes straight from
               | the mains. If you 've never seen it, connect a meter to
               | an outlet in your home and what how much fluctuations you
               | get throughout the day. Most people think about
               | spikes/surges, while forgetting that dips and under-
               | volting is damaging as well. Most equipment have a range
               | of acceptable voltage, but you'd be amazed at the number
               | of times mains will dip below that range. Obviously
               | location will have an affect on quality of service, but I
               | hear my UPSes kick in multiple times a week to cover a
               | dip if only for a couple of seconds.
               | 
               | The fun thing about storage pools is that they can lull
               | you into thinking they are set it and forget it. You have
               | to monitor SMART messages. Most drives will give you a
               | heads up if you know where to look. Having the fortitude
               | to have a hot spare instead of just adding it to the
               | storage pool goes a long way from losing data.
        
           | nordsieck wrote:
           | If you're interested in some hard data, Backblaze publishes
           | their HD failure numbers[1]. These disks are storage
           | optimized, not performance optimized like the parent comment,
           | but they have a pretty large collection of various hard
           | drives, and it's pretty interesting to see how reliability
           | can vary dramatically across brand and model.
           | 
           | ---
           | 
           | 1. https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-
           | drive...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | The Backblaze reports are impressive. It would have been
             | very handy to know which models to buy. They break it down
             | to capacity of the same family of drives so a 2TB might be
             | sound, but the 4TB might be more flaky. That information is
             | very useful when it comes time to think about upgrading
             | capacity in the arrays. Having someone go through these
             | battles and then give away the data learned would just be
             | dumb to not take advantage of their generosity.
        
               | doubled112 wrote:
               | Many years ago I felt like I dodged a bullet splurging
               | for the 4TB Seagates instead of the 3TB Seagates I
               | needed.
        
               | HansHamster wrote:
               | Can confirm. My 3TB Seagate was the only disk so far
               | (knocking on wood) that died in a way that lost some
               | data. Still managed to make a copy with dd_rescue, but
               | there was a big region that just returned read errors and
               | I ended up with a bunch of corrupt files. Thankfully
               | nothing too important...
        
         | lvl155 wrote:
         | You should try now-discontinued Intel Optane especially p5800x.
         | I got my OS running on them and they are incredible.
        
           | the8472 wrote:
           | Just a few more years until we get MRAM as viable storage
           | technology. And affordable fusion, and hovercars.
        
           | OptionOfT wrote:
           | The endurance on those drivers is amazing.
           | 
           | I have (stupidly) used a too small Samsung EVO drive as a
           | caching drive, and that is probably the first computer part
           | that I've worn out (bar a mouse & keyboard).
        
           | MrDrMcCoy wrote:
           | I'm running 12 of them for ZFS cache/log/special, and they
           | are fast/tough enough to make a large array on a slow link
           | feel fast. I shake my fist at Intel and Micron for taking
           | away one of the best memory technologies to ever exist.
        
         | geerlingguy wrote:
         | This hits home even more since I started restoring some vintage
         | Macs.
         | 
         | For the ones new enough to get an SSD upgrade, it's night and
         | day the difference (even a Power Mac G4 can feel fresh and fast
         | just swapping out the drive). For older Macs like PowerBooks
         | and classic Macs, there are so many SD/CF card to IDE/SCSI/etc.
         | adapters now, they also get a significant boost.
         | 
         | But part of the nostalgia of sitting there listening to the
         | rumble of the little hard drive is gone.
        
           | brailsafe wrote:
           | > For older Macs like PowerBooks and classic Macs, there are
           | so many SD/CF card to IDE/SCSI/etc.
           | 
           | Would those be bandwidth limited by the adapter/card or CPU?
           | Can you get throughput higher than say, a cheap 2.5" SSD over
           | Sata 3/4?
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | You are limited at first by the IDE/SCSI interface, so
             | below SATA speeds.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I had a 2011 MBP that I kept running by replacing the HDD
           | with an SSD, and then removed the DVD-ROM drive with a second
           | SSD. The second SSD had throughput limits because it was
           | designed for shiny round disc, so it had a lower ability
           | chip. I had that until the 3rd GPU replacement died, and
           | eventually switched to second gen butterfly keyboard. The
           | only reason it was tolerable was because of the SSDs, oh and
           | the RAM upgrades
        
             | geerlingguy wrote:
             | Did you ever have the GPU issue? My sister had a 2011, I
             | had to desolder a resistor (or maybe two?) on it to bypass
             | the dGPU since it was causing it to boot loop. But now it's
             | still running and pretty happily for some basic needs!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Yes, that's why it was on the 3rd repair. Apple knew they
               | had issues and replaced it for me before by replacing the
               | entire main board. Twice. The last time I took it in,
               | they would no longer replace for free and wanted $800 for
               | the repair. That was half the cost of modern laptop, so I
               | chose no. I was unaware of being able to disable the GPU
               | like that. I still have it on a shelf, but honestly, I
               | don't see trying to do the hack now but might have
               | considered back then.
        
               | geerlingguy wrote:
               | I posted how I did it on my blog: https://www.jeffgeerlin
               | g.com/blog/2017/fixing-2011-macbook-p...
               | 
               | Might still be worth doing for someone into older
               | computers, I've considered putting a few of my old
               | computers on the free pile at a VCF!
        
           | thecosas wrote:
           | > But part of the nostalgia of sitting there listening to the
           | rumble of the little hard drive is gone.
           | 
           | I remember this being a key troubleshooting step. Listen/feel
           | for the hum of the hard drive OR the telltale click clack,
           | grinding, etc that foretold doom.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Thank the gawds we no longer have to worry about the click
             | of death
        
               | deafpolygon wrote:
               | Now it's just a silent glitch of death.
        
           | SpecialistK wrote:
           | I've just finished CF swapping a PowerBook 1400cs/117. It's a
           | base model with 12MB RAM, so there are other bottlenecks, but
           | OS 8.1 takes about 90 seconds from power to desktop and
           | that's pretty good for a low-end machine with a fairly heavy
           | OS.
           | 
           | Somehow the 750MB HDD from 1996 is still working, but I admit
           | that the crunch and rumble of HDDs is a nostalgia I'm happy
           | to leave in the past.
           | 
           | My 1.67 PowerBook G4 screams with a 256GB mSATA SSD-IDE
           | adapter. Until you start compiling code or web surfing, it
           | still feels like a pretty modern machine. I kind of wish I
           | didn't try the same upgrade on a iBook G3, though...
        
             | thepryz wrote:
             | I just picked up a 1.5GHz Powerbook G4 12-inch in mint
             | condition. RAM is maxed out but I've been putting off the
             | SSD-IDE upgrade because of how intrusive it is and many
             | screws are involved.
        
             | hollandheese wrote:
             | >I kind of wish I didn't try the same upgrade on a iBook
             | G3, though...
             | 
             | Oh god. Those were the worst things ever to upgrade the
             | hard drive. Just reading this gave me a nightmare flashback
             | to having to keep track of all the different screws. This
             | is why my vintage G3 machine is a Pismo instead of an
             | iBook.
        
               | SpecialistK wrote:
               | Yeah this machine will probably never be the same. It
               | does have an SSD now! But also a CD drive that isn't
               | latching properly and the entire palmrest clicks the
               | mouse button.
               | 
               | It doesn't help that I'm not a great laptop repair tech
               | as is, but wow are those iBooks terrible. The AlBook was
               | fine, and the Unibody MacBooks just a few years later had
               | the HDD next to the battery under a tool-less latch.
        
         | jorvi wrote:
         | It's not really the SSDs themselves that are incredibly fast
         | (they still are somewhat), it's mostly the RAM cache and clever
         | tricks to make TLC feel like SLC.
         | 
         | Most (cheap) SSDs their performance goes off a cliff once you
         | hit the boundary of these tricks.
        
           | forrestthewoods wrote:
           | > once you hit the boundary of these trick
           | 
           | Tell me more. When do I hit the boundary? What is perf
           | before/after said boundary? What are the tricks?
           | 
           | Tell me something actionable. Educate me.
        
             | jdiff wrote:
             | Your tone is quite odd here. I'm having difficulty parsing
             | your intention, but I'm going to assume you're being
             | genuine because why not.
             | 
             | For the RAM cache, you hit the boundaries when you exhaust
             | the RAM cache. It performs faster, but is smaller and once
             | full, data has to be off/loaded at the rate of the slower
             | backing NAND. It might not be RAM, either, sometimes faster
             | SLC NAND is used for the cache.
             | 
             | It's not really possible to describe it much more
             | concretely than that beyond what you've already been told,
             | performance falls off a cliff when that happens. How long
             | "it" takes, what the level of performance is before and
             | after, it all depends on the device.
             | 
             | There are many more tricks that SSD manufacturers use, but
             | caching is the only one I know of related to speed so I'll
             | leave the rest in the capable hands of Google.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | The latency of modern NVMe is what really blows my mind (as low
         | as 20~30 uS). NVMe is about an order of magnitude quicker than
         | SAS and SATA.
         | 
         | This is why I always recommend developers try using SQLite on
         | top of NVMe storage. The performance is incredible. I don't
         | think you would see query times anywhere near 20uS with a
         | hosted SQL solution, even if it's on the same machine using
         | named pipes or other IPC mechanism.
        
           | Numerlor wrote:
           | Then there's optane that got ~10us with. The newest
           | controllers and nand is inching closer with randoms but
           | optane is still the most miraculous ssd tech that's normally
           | obtainable
        
             | robaato wrote:
             | But they've retired it??
        
             | teaearlgraycold wrote:
             | Eventually we'll have machines with unified memory+storage.
             | You'll certainly have to take a bit of a performance hit in
             | certain scenarios but also think about the load time
             | improvements. If you store video game files in the same
             | format they'd be needed at runtime you could be at the main
             | menu in under a second.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | At a minimum, we should be able to get everything to DRAM
               | speeds. Beyond that you start to run into certain
               | limitations. Achieving L1 latency is physically
               | impossible if the storage element is more than a few
               | inches away from the CPU.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | So, now someone can strip several SSDs to gain more performance
         | as well for other purposes than video editing, right?
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | While you're at it add the USBC power hack
       | https://github.com/vk2diy/hackbook-m4-mini
       | 
       | I've been traveling for business with this as my sole machine for
       | 3 months straight and it has proven to be an excellent system.
        
         | beanjuice wrote:
         | What is the benefit over a macbook in this case?
        
           | wpm wrote:
           | The linked repo has a pretty good rundown of possible
           | reasons:
           | 
           | > If non-square screens on Macbook Pros make your blood boil
           | with rage
           | 
           | > If you can't afford or don't want to pay for a Macbook Pro
           | (smart choice)
           | 
           | > If you have ergonomics concerns with shrinking laptops and
           | one size fits all keyboards
           | 
           | > If you like your systems to be repairable and modular
           | rather than comprised of proprietary parts shoehorned in to a
           | closed source design available only from a single vendor for
           | a limited time
           | 
           | > If you are blind (and don't want to carry a screen around)
           | 
           | > If you want to use AR instead of a screen and therefore
           | prefer to be untethered
           | 
           | > If you are on a sailing ship, submarine, mobile home,
           | campervan, paraglider, recumbent touring bicycle, or
           | otherwise off-grid
           | 
           | > If you want a capable unix system to power a mobile
           | mechatronic system
           | 
           | I'd add in not having to deal with a Macbook in clamshell
           | mode doing stupid crap like forcing you to double-tap the
           | touchID button sometimes, refusing to connect to external
           | keyboards and mice on wake, and some of the other annoyances
           | I have dealt with.
           | 
           | Also, a Mac Mini is small, and a MacBook is not, at least as
           | a function of "desk area" vs "area consumed".
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Well, some of those are reasonable. It's pretty hard to
             | look at a 16 inch model and complain about "shrinking
             | laptops".
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | 1. cheaper 2. different form factor 3. more choice of
           | battery/kb/mouse/screen/camera 4. not landfill when you have
           | to replace battery/kb/mouse/screen/camera 5. doesn't have an
           | annoying chunk out of the screen 6. doesn't have a video
           | camera pointed at you all the time 7. keyboard that suits
           | large hands 8. keyboard in preferred layout 9. not subject to
           | apple tax on most components/upgrades
        
         | afandian wrote:
         | I wonder why Apple left those two large power pads? They don't
         | look like typical test points.
         | 
         | Are the populated from the existing PSU input or just there in
         | case anyone wanted to mod it?
        
           | contingencies wrote:
           | They probably use them in production as test jig connects for
           | passing power. They are vertical inter-board rails. When
           | making physical connections for high current contacts it pays
           | to have a larger surface area in case there is a poor
           | connection as substantial draw may occur for short periods.
           | Also, such surfaces may degrade over time, so extra surface
           | area is desirable.
        
         | joshvm wrote:
         | > Fix the cables in place. This can be very fiddly. It helps
         | greatly to have a fine pointed set of tweezers to assist with
         | placement, bending and the application of pressure whilst
         | screw-down is underway. Take your time and try to get all the
         | cable core under the screw or at least a fair amount.
         | 
         | If you do this mod, you should really use crimped ring
         | connectors instead of just hooking the power cables around the
         | screws. It greatly reduces the risk of pull-out since the screw
         | retains the connector, which also means less chance of shorts
         | and a much easier install. Also since the terminals are uniform
         | and flat, you get much more even clamping. I would also add
         | heat shrink over the crimp.
         | 
         | I don't have a Mini so can't comment on the right size to buy,
         | but you can buy ring terminals in practically any diameter for
         | next to nothing:
         | 
         | https://www.digikey.com/en/products/filter/terminals/ring-co...
        
       | GeekyBear wrote:
       | The article speculates on why Apple integrates the SSD controller
       | onto the SOC for their A and M series chips, but misses one big
       | reason, data integrity.
       | 
       | About a decade and a half ago, Apple paid half a billion dollars
       | to acquire the patents of a company making enterprise SSD
       | controllers.
       | 
       | > Anobit appears to be applying a lot of signal processing
       | techniques in addition to ECC to address the issue of NAND
       | reliability and data retention. In its patents there are mentions
       | of periodically refreshing cells whose voltages may have drifted,
       | exploiting some of the behaviors of adjacent cells and generally
       | trying to deal with the things that happen to NAND once it's been
       | worn considerably.
       | 
       | Through all of these efforts, Anobit is promising significant
       | improvements in NAND longevity and reliability.
       | 
       | https://www.anandtech.com/show/5258/apple-acquires-anobit-br...
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | > Through all of these efforts, Anobit is promising significant
         | improvements in NAND longevity and reliability.
         | 
         | Every flash controller does this. Modern NAND is just math on a
         | stick. Lots and lots of math.
        
           | dontlaugh wrote:
           | Presumably Apple want to be able to guarantee the quality of
           | such logic.
           | 
           | Still sucks that you can't use standard parts.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Sure, and I agree with that goal. In fact I would like NVMe
             | controllers to simply not exist. The operating system
             | should manage raw flash, using host algorithms that I can
             | study in the the source code.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | How do you think it would be _electrically_ connected to
               | the CPU?
               | 
               | Same thing with DDR5: the electrical layer is a beast,
               | it's a reason enough to require its own controller.
        
               | daneel_w wrote:
               | _> How do you think it would be electrically connected to
               | the CPU?_
               | 
               | On the CPU's PCIe bus. NVMe drives are PCIe devices,
               | designed specifically to facilitate such interfacing.
               | 
               | Edit: Pardon, misread the actual statement you responded
               | to. Of course one shouldn't hook NAND directly to the
               | CPU. I'll leave my response for whatever value the info
               | has.
        
               | gruturo wrote:
               | I'm with you, but.... no. At the level where the
               | controller is operating, things are no longer digital.
               | Capacity (as in farads, not bytes), voltage, crosstalk,
               | debouncing, traces behaving like antennas, terminations,
               | what have you. Analog values, temperature dependencies,
               | RF interference. Stuff best dealt with custom logic
               | placed as close as possible to it.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | The physical interface controller can exist to that
               | extent, of course. But I think the command interface it
               | should present to the host system should be a physical
               | one, not a logical translation. The host should be
               | totally aware of the layout of the flash devices, and
               | should command the things that the devices are actually
               | capable of doing: erase this, write that, read this.
               | 
               | We already see the demand for this in the latest NVMe
               | protocol spec that allows the host to give placement
               | hints. But this is a half-measure that suggests what
               | systems really want, which is not to vaguely influence
               | the device but instead to tell it exactly what to do.
        
             | daneel_w wrote:
             | Contrary to popular belief, you _can_ run many different
             | off-the-shelf brand NVMe drives on all of the NVMe-fitted
             | Intel Macs. All you need is a passive adapter. My 2017
             | MacBook Air has a 250GB WD Blue SN570 in it.
             | 
             | https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/upgrading-2013-2015-ma
             | c...
        
               | riobard wrote:
               | Not all Intel Macs. Only those without T2 chip, as T2
               | acts as the storage controller.
        
         | wpm wrote:
         | Note that this isn't too long after Apple abandoned efforts to
         | bring ZFS into Mac OS X as a potential default filesystem.
         | Patents were probably a good reason, given the Oracle buyout of
         | Sun, but also a bit of "skating to where the puck will be" and
         | realizing that the spinning rust ZFS was built for probably
         | wasn't going to be in their computers for much longer.
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | When Apple announced the creation of APFS they mentioned that
           | their intent was to handle data integrity at the hardware
           | level.
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | See:
             | 
             | > _Apple File System uses checksums to ensure data
             | integrity for metadata but not for the actual user data,
             | relying instead on error-correcting code (ECC) mechanisms
             | in the storage hardware.[18]_
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_File_System#Data_inte
             | gri...
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | More evidence they thought hdds were on their way out was the
           | unibody macbook keynote. They made a big deal about how the
           | user can access their hdd from the latch on the bottom
           | without any tools as they said ssd was on the horizon.
        
           | throw0101c wrote:
           | > _Patents were probably a good reason, given the Oracle
           | buyout of Sun_
           | 
           | There is no reason to speculate as the reason is know (as
           | stated by Jeff Bonwick, one of the co-inventors of ZFS):
           | 
           | >> _Apple can currently just take the ZFS CDDL code and
           | incorporate it (like they did with DTrace), but it may be
           | that they wanted a "private license" from Sun (with
           | appropriate technical support and indemnification), and the
           | two entities couldn't come to mutually agreeable terms._
           | 
           | > _I cannot disclose details, but that is the essence of it._
           | 
           | * https://archive.is/http://mail.opensolaris.org/pipermail/zf
           | s...
           | 
           | * https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://mail.opensolaris.org/p
           | i...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | How is it known when the quote you gave says "may be" which
             | implies it's not known and is speculation on their part as
             | well?
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | The reply to the "it may be..." message is from a
               | @sun.com email address, and confirms "that is the essence
               | of it".
               | 
               | Fixed links for the message and reply:
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20091028/http://mail.opensola
               | ris...
               | 
               | https://web.archive.org/web/20091028/http://mail.opensola
               | ris...
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | "I cannot disclose details, but that is the essence of
               | it." -- Jeff Bonwick of Sun, co-inventor of ZFS
        
         | throw0101c wrote:
         | > _The article speculates on why Apple integrates the SSD
         | controller onto the SOC for their A and M series chips, but
         | misses one big reason, data integrity._
         | 
         | If they're really interested with data integrity they should
         | add checksums to APFS.
         | 
         | If you don't have RAID you can't rebuild corrupted data, but at
         | least you know there's a problem and perhaps restore from Time
         | Machine.
         | 
         | For metadata, you may have multiple copies, so can use a known-
         | good one (this is how ZFS works: some things have multiple
         | copies 'inherently' because they're so important).
         | 
         | Edit:
         | 
         | > _Apple File System uses checksums to ensure data integrity
         | for metadata but not for the actual user data, relying instead
         | on error-correcting code (ECC) mechanisms in the storage
         | hardware.[18]_
         | 
         | *
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_File_System#Data_integri...
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | > If they're really interested with data integrity they
           | should add checksums to APFS.
           | 
           | Or you can spend half a billion dollars to solve the issue in
           | hardware.
           | 
           | As one of the creators of ZFS wrote when APFS was announced:
           | 
           | > Explicitly not checksumming user data is a little more
           | interesting. The APFS engineers I talked to cited strong ECC
           | protection within Apple storage devices. Both NAND flash SSDs
           | and magnetic media HDDs use redundant data to detect and
           | correct errors. The Apple engineers contend that Apple
           | devices basically don't return bogus data.
           | 
           | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/06/a-zfs-developers-
           | ana...
           | 
           | APFS keeps redundant copies and checksums for metadata, but
           | doesn't constantly checksum files looking for changes any
           | more than NTFS does.
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | That is a weak excuse to rely on data integrity in the
             | hardware. They most likely _had_ that feature and removed
             | it so they wouldn 't be liable for a class action lawsuit
             | when it turns out the NAND ages out due to bug in the
             | retention algorithm. NTFS is what, 35 years old at this
             | point? Odd comparison.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | The point is that NTFS makes zero effort to maintain file
               | integrity at any level.
               | 
               | Handling file integrity at the hardware level is a big
               | step up.
        
             | protimewaster wrote:
             | That solution doesn't help anyone who's using external
             | storage, though, so it kinda feels like a half billion
             | dollars spent on a limited solution.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | There is nothing preventing you from running OpenZFS on
               | external storage if you are worried that the hardware you
               | purchased is less reliable.
        
               | protimewaster wrote:
               | That's my point, though, is that it seems weird to spend
               | a half billion dollars just to solve the problem for an
               | extremely common use case by saying "use OpenZFS".
               | 
               | Why not come up with a solution that covers external
               | storage too, instead of spending all that money and
               | relying on external solutions? I just don't understand
               | why they couldn't have optional checksums in APFS.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | It's far more weird that NTFS still makes zero effort to
               | maintain file integrity on any level, on internal or
               | external disks.
               | 
               | ReFS exists, so Microsoft knew they needed to do
               | something, but they have utterly failed to protect the
               | vast majority of users.
        
               | protimewaster wrote:
               | To be fair, though, NTFS predates APFS by over 20 years.
               | 
               | Don't get me wrong, there's no reason Microsoft can't
               | transition to another filesystem (like offering ReFS
               | outside of Server or whatever Windows variants support it
               | currently), but I don't understand why a company would
               | transition to a new filesystem in 2016 and not include a
               | data checksums option. Hell, ReFS predates APFS, and I
               | think it even has optional data checksums.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | To be fair, NTFS is still the default Windows 11
               | filesystem in 2025, and Microsoft still makes zero effort
               | to insure file integrity when you use that default
               | Windows filesystem.
               | 
               | Handling file integrity in hardware is a big step up.
        
               | protimewaster wrote:
               | > Handling file integrity in hardware is a big step up.
               | 
               | Is there any evidence that Apple actually has better
               | hardware data integrity than anyone else, though? They
               | make claims in the article linked a few posts back, but
               | AFAIK SSDs in general make use of error correcting codes,
               | not just Apple's SSDs.
               | 
               | That article also points out how even multi-million
               | dollar arrays are known to return bad data, and previous
               | Apple SSD devices have been known to do the same.
               | 
               | I agree that the state of default filesystems is bad, but
               | I'm not convinced that Apple's hardware solution is
               | anything more than them saying, "Trust me, bro."
        
               | p_ing wrote:
               | ReFS is available on Windows 10/11 client; it's what the
               | DevDrive feature uses. And the current Insider allows
               | installation of the OS/boot volume on ReFS.
               | 
               | https://forums.guru3d.com/threads/testing-instaling-
               | windows-...
        
               | slt2021 wrote:
               | maybe apple doesn't want you to use external storage,
               | because storage size is how apple upsells devices and
               | grabs larger premium.
               | 
               | By using external storage, instead of paying $10k more
               | for more storage, you are directly harming Apple's
               | margins and the CEO's bonus which is not ok /s
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Externally connected devices are not sexy, and Apple is
               | concerned about image and looking sexy.
        
               | creddit wrote:
               | No one requires you to use APFS for your external
               | storage!
        
               | amethyst wrote:
               | And yet it's the default when formatting a device on
               | macOS.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Being afraid to not use the default is evidence of not
               | being a power user!
        
             | throw0101c wrote:
             | > _Or you can spend half a billion dollars to solve the
             | issue in hardware._
             | 
             | And hope that your hardware/firmware doesn't ever get bugs.
             | 
             | Or you can do checksumming at the hardware layer _and_
             | checksumming at the software /FS layer. Protection in
             | depth.
             | 
             | ZFS has caught issues from hardware, like when LBA 123 is
             | requested but LBA 456 is delivered: the hardware-level
             | checksum for LBA 456 was fine, and so it was passed up the
             | stack, but it wasn't actually the data that was asked for.
             | See Bryan Cantrill's talk "Zebras All the way Down":
             | 
             | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fE2KDzZaxvE
             | 
             | And if checksums are not needed for a particular use-case,
             | make them toggleable: even ZFS has a _set checksums=off_
             | option. My problem is not having the option _at all_.
        
               | GeekyBear wrote:
               | When the vast majority of the devices you sell run on
               | battery power, it makes far more sense from a battery
               | life perspective to handle issues in hardware as much as
               | possible.
               | 
               | For instance, try to find a processor aimed at mobile
               | devices that doesn't handle video decoding in dedicated
               | hardware instead of running it on a CPU core.
        
               | flkenosad wrote:
               | Good point.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > [...] _handle issues in hardware as much as possible._
               | 
               | 1. There is hardware support for (e.g.) SHA in ARM:
               | 
               | * https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0514/g/intro
               | ducti...
               | 
               | But given Apple designs their own CPUs they could add
               | extensions for anything they need. Or use a simpler
               | algorithm, like Fletcher (which ZFS uses):
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher%27s_checksum
               | 
               | 2. It does not have to be enabled by default for every
               | device. The _main_ problem is the lack of it _even as an
               | option_.
               | 
               | I wouldn't necessarily use ZFS checksums on a laptop, but
               | ZFS has them for when I use it on a not-laptop.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Worth noting, for ZFS - you can use the "copies" property of
           | the dataset to save 2 or (usually) 3 separate copies of your
           | data to the drive(s).
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | Believing that giant companies are monolithic "theys" leads
           | to all sorts of fallacies.
           | 
           | Odds are very good that totally different people work on the
           | architecture of AFS and SoC design.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Even still, those people report to people that report to
             | people until you eventually get to the person in charge of
             | the full product.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | Not just durability. Performance too. Apple has a much better
         | SSD controller that is vertically integrated into the stack.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | Do Apple SSDs have a much longer longevity and reliability?
         | I've not looked at the specific patents nor am I an expert on
         | signal processing but I've worked on SSD controllers and NAND
         | manufacturers in the past and they had their own similar ideas
         | as this.
        
           | fckgw wrote:
           | From my experience working on Mac laptops, yeah. SSD failures
           | are incredibly rare but on the flip side when they do go out
           | repairs are very costly.
           | 
           | I know if my previous job at a large hard drive manufacturer
           | we had special Apple drives that ran different parts and
           | firmware than the regular PC drives. Their specs and
           | tolerances where much different than the PC market at a
           | whole.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | So you pay $700 for an SSD that otherwise retails for $200 and
       | then do an "unauthorized" modification of your own computer and
       | void the warranty to install it, but that's still preferable
       | because it otherwise costs $1200 directly from Apple. The Apple
       | tax is really something else.
        
         | hoistbypetard wrote:
         | > an "unauthorized" modification of your own computer and void
         | the warranty to install it
         | 
         | Citation needed. This modification doesn't look to me at all
         | like it'd void the warranty unless you damage the machine while
         | you do the installation.
         | 
         | If you need to make a warranty claim, you should of course
         | reinstall the factory one before you do so, since the vendor
         | doesn't expect users to replace that and won't have any
         | practices of looking/removing so they can return it to you if
         | you take your machine in for service with a non-Apple card
         | there.
         | 
         | But voiding your warranty for this has been roundly rejected,
         | in the US at least, as long as you don't damage your equipment
         | by doing it.
        
           | geerlingguy wrote:
           | Apple even provides a support page with details on the
           | process, for example: https://support.apple.com/en-us/121508
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | The people behind the "kingsener" YT channel have been doing
       | these types of upgrades for a long time.
       | 
       | He recently posted an upgrade of this same process as a short -
       | https://m.youtube.com/shorts/b-Z5GhYhbjM
       | 
       | It's wild to see how much Apple invests in making these as
       | hostile to the user to upgrade. But also cool to see people out
       | there with the skills to desolder the chips, memory, and storage
       | and replace with a much faster alternative.
       | 
       | If Apple truly cared about their carbon footprint, devices would
       | be easily serviceable and upgradeable by user
        
         | vachina wrote:
         | Apple solves carbon footprint by making devices that you will
         | want to use for at least 10 years.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | Being relatively greener than a trash-tier dell laptop doesnt
           | make you a green supplier in absolute terms...
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | You mean the company that had several generations of those
           | terrible laptop designs that made you rip out the whole
           | chassis when your keyboard became unusable after dust got
           | into the keys?
           | 
           | New in box after having been stored in a warehouse for twenty
           | years maybe. Apple isn't any greener than any of their
           | competitors.
        
       | bee_rider wrote:
       | Tangential, just based on a funny coincidence noticeable in the
       | article: What do all these M's stand for, anyway? I guess the M.2
       | might be inherited from the m in mSATA and mPCIe(?).
       | 
       | For Apple... they had A for for their cellphone chips, which
       | vaguely made sense because they were the only chips _A_ pple made
       | at the time. But then, M for their laptop chips? M as in...
       | mobile, or mini? But they use it in their Macs Pro, including
       | their workstation-y ones...
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | M as in Mac
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | Oh. I'm an M as in dummy, haha.
        
       | gpm wrote:
       | Honestly the external option seems a lot better value for the
       | money for almost all use cases. Something like half the cost. No
       | tinkering with the internals of the very expensive thing. You can
       | move it between computers, upgrade the stick in it, etc.
       | 
       | I'm sure there are cases where you really do care about speeds
       | >3GB/s (and USB-4, the port on the mac, should max out at ~5
       | which is still marginally lower than the internal one). But I
       | doubt they are common. It's hard to process most data in a
       | meaningful way that fast.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Not worth the hassle and the faffing. Just pay Apple their tax.
       | Your time is far more valuable. And if it's not then you have
       | bigger fish to fry.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | That is a sensible attitude, but some of us welcome an excuse
         | to get out the box of tools and take something physical apart.
        
         | bigyabai wrote:
         | Apple won't upgrade the storage for you aftermarket, as far as
         | I'm aware. There's no tax you can pay them to take your current
         | machine and bump the spec.
         | 
         | Frankly, this is exactly the sort of head-up-ass attitude that
         | will end with Apple being smacked around by investigatory
         | commissions like what happened to John Deere and Microsoft.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | I'd rather start with replaceable batteries in smartphones.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | You can replace the battery on an iPhone yourself these
             | days. Apple's terrible design makes the process involve
             | shipping specialized hardware to your joke, for which you
             | need to hand over a good chunk of change in collateral to
             | be able to use, but it can be done.
             | 
             | My suspicion for their shitty process is that it was set up
             | purely so Apple can tell regulators "see, consumers can't
             | be trusted to replace their own batteries, look what it
             | takes", but they do offer a programme for it.
             | 
             | The stupidest part about the whole thing is that the
             | official URL looks like a total scam:
             | https://selfservicerepair.com/en-US/home
        
         | radley wrote:
         | Dunno... $500 for 30 minutes of fun work?
         | 
         | To be fair, I did this upgrade and actually ended up wasting
         | several hours because the first SSD failed after a few weeks.
        
         | Dylan16807 wrote:
         | > Your time is far more valuable.
         | 
         | Damn I wis--
         | 
         | > And if it's not then you have bigger fish to fry.
         | 
         | You make it sound like anyone in tech that isn't making giant
         | piles of money screwed up their career.
         | 
         | And if I take that literally, wouldn't I have to be making at
         | least a thousand dollars an hour?
        
       | ProllyInfamous wrote:
       | I made a 16TB external SSD RAID0 using four 4tb SATA drives and a
       | Terramaster external enclosure... for less than $700 [1]
       | 
       | Not as fast as a single nVME in external Acadis enclosure... but
       | it is fast.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.amazon.com/TERRAMASTER-D4-320-External-Drive-
       | Enc... _[sold out]_
        
       | crawsome wrote:
       | $1200 for 4TB upgrade is so ridiculous. Manufacturers holding RAM
       | for ransom is very annoying. Esp when the lowest setting isn't
       | even meant to be purchased, and the specs are so low they will
       | underperform, or be obsolete in a few years.
       | 
       | This is kind of why people start cloning macs in the 90s. They
       | were too expensive straight from the factory.
        
       | throwawayffffas wrote:
       | > It's still more expensive than a normal nvme, but not by too
       | much.
       | 
       | It's double the price, double is too much.
        
       | gandalfian wrote:
       | Mothers mac mini 2014? Slow as a dog, 30 second pauses, became
       | unusable. Extremely tricky to reach the 5400rpm hard disc. Found
       | a third party adaptor could bodge an nvme under the easily
       | removable base flap. Suddenly transformed it to a fast nippy
       | useable machine. (She paid up for the 8gb ram originally). But
       | still rather annoyed that Apple essentially crippled their own
       | product and it could only be fixed by chance. Wasn't a cheap
       | pc...
        
       | moooo99 wrote:
       | I completely quit buying Apple devices all togehter, but I still
       | occasionally check their website. The SSD upgrade prices are
       | ridiculous and funny, especially since I keep meeting people that
       | are convinced that Apples SSDs are somehow magically better than
       | my 60 EUR Samsung M.2 and the price is hence justified.
       | 
       | The upgrade prices - 13" MacBook Air: 256GB to 512GB -> 256GB for
       | 250 EUR
       | 
       | - 14" MacBook Pro: 512GB to 1TB -> 512GB for 250 EUR
       | 
       | So the Air upgrade is twice the price for what is - as far as I
       | was able to figure out - the same hardware?
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Double check the SoCs. The base model MacBook Air has a slower
         | GPU than the base model MacBook Pro and the upgraded MacBook
         | Air. When shopping for Apple products, you need to compare
         | every number on the spec page individually because Apple is
         | scared of model numbers.
         | 
         | For a while, some MacBooks also had slower disks because some
         | capacities used one NAND chip while others used two. I believe
         | they stopped doing that for their latest models, though. That
         | kind of fuckery means you need to look up benchmarks for each
         | individual model, because the performance differences aren't
         | clear from the product description.
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | Non upgradeable storage and ram is ridiculous.
       | 
       | Interestingly, when M4 mac mini went on sale, version with 32GB
       | RAM/1TB drive was priced exactly 2x as 16GB RAM / 512GB drive
       | version. This kinda implies that Apple sells only RAM and
       | storage, and gives away the rest for free.
        
         | FireBeyond wrote:
         | There is someone on YT (Doctor Feng, or similar, though I can't
         | find) who literally will have people ship him entry level
         | iPhones/iPads/MBPs, etc, and he'll upgrade them to 4 and 8 TB
         | SSDs. And create ASMR videos of the process.
         | 
         | Even with upgradable memory:
         | 
         | When I bought my "cheesegrater" Mac Pro, I wanted 8TB of SSD.
         | 
         | Except Apple wanted $3,000 for 7TB of SSD (considering the
         | sticker price came with a baseline of 1TB).
         | 
         | I bought a 4xM.2 card and 4x2TB Samsung Pro SSDs, which cost me
         | $1,300. However, I kept the 1TB "system" SSD, which was faster,
         | at 6.8GBps versus the system drive's 5.5 GBps.
         | 
         | Similar to memory. OWC literally sells the same memory as Apple
         | (same manufacturer, same specifications). Apple also wanted
         | $3,000 for 160GB of memory (going from 32 to 192). I paid
         | $1,000.
        
       | radley wrote:
       | I bought one during their preorder period. The first SSD started
       | to fail due to overheating. I just received and installed the
       | replacement this week. Fingers crossed that it will be okay.
       | 
       | Important note: the seller provides no warranty for the SSDs. I
       | was fortunate that they offered a 1-year warranty when I bought
       | mine, but that is no longer the case now. $700 is a pretty big
       | risk when there's no warranty.
       | 
       | FWIW, the non-Pro-compatible SSDs were overpriced initially as
       | well, but they came down in price as they became more prevalent.
       | Wait a few months, and we'll probably see the same with Pro-
       | compatible SSDs.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | _I was provided the $699 M4 Pro 4TB SSD upgrade by M4-SSD. It 's
       | quite expensive (especially compared to normal 4TB NVMe SSDs,
       | which range from $200-400)_
       | 
       | Depends what type of flash that's comparing. QLC is cheap, TLC a
       | bit more expensive, MLC nearly unobtainable, and SLC insanely
       | expensive unless you SLC-mod a QLC drive.
        
       | blinded wrote:
       | nicely done
        
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