[HN Gopher] Sleeping beauty Bitcoin wallets wake up after 14 yea...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sleeping beauty Bitcoin wallets wake up after 14 years to the tune
       of $2B
        
       Author : aorloff
       Score  : 183 points
       Date   : 2025-07-04 18:41 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.marketwatch.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.marketwatch.com)
        
       | ETH_start wrote:
       | April 2011 is not Satoshi era. Satoshi had dropped out of public
       | Bitcoin forums by late 2010.
        
       | IncreasePosts wrote:
       | Imagine finding a file on an old laptop from when you were just
       | futzing around 15 years ago. And it was worth $9 billion.
        
         | bravoetch wrote:
         | It's not that. These are addresses with 10k BTC each. That's
         | very intentional storage even for 2011.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Wasn't 10k bitcoin the price of a pizza or something back
           | then?
        
             | qqqult wrote:
             | BTC ranged between $0.30 and $27 back in 2011 so not quite
        
             | canucker2016 wrote:
             | 10K BTC for two Papa John's large pies. see
             | https://marketrealist.com/what-is-the-bitcoin-pizza-
             | transact...
             | 
             | That's about US$500M per pie these days ( 1BTC ~= US$100K )
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | Maybe that guy who was digging up a landfill to find his old HDD
       | finally found it!
       | 
       | Seriously though, what are the odds that someone has been quietly
       | spending 10s/100s of millions in cloud compute to brute force the
       | keys for old wallets?
        
         | bravoetch wrote:
         | I would say the odds are zero because that's the likelihood of
         | being able to brute-force anything in the key space.
        
           | handfuloflight wrote:
           | It's not zero. https://lbc.cryptoguru.org/trophies
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | It's close enough.
             | 
             | There are 200 million+ BTC wallets.
             | 
             | They've found 54 out of 200 million+ or about 0.00002% of
             | wallets - in how many years?
        
               | handfuloflight wrote:
               | How does the equation change with $100m of cloud or GPU
               | compute as GP speculated? These are all hobbyists.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | It changes that if you attempt to liquidate that much
               | BTC, BTC crashes and you've got 90% less money than you
               | hoped for.
        
               | handfuloflight wrote:
               | Do you really think they have no notion of liquidity? Why
               | would they attempt to liquidate it all at once?
        
               | cj wrote:
               | They could also do a private party transaction to sell
               | the coins outside of an exchange, in order to hide the
               | sale and also hide the price of the tokens sold.
               | 
               | This is common practice in the stock market, called "dark
               | pools" [0]
               | 
               | > Dark pools came about primarily to facilitate block
               | trading by institutional investors who did not wish to
               | impact the markets with their large orders and obtain
               | adverse prices for their trades.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/050614/
               | introdu...
        
               | phil21 wrote:
               | The vast majority of BTC transactions are done this way.
               | Anything of any size is traded via OTC desks or other
               | more private avenues.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Outside, as in off the blockchain? That would mean that
               | after the transaction, both sides would know the key to
               | the wallet and there would be a race about who lights up
               | a transaction first.
        
               | cj wrote:
               | After the transaction, you can still send the bitcoin to
               | the purchaser's wallet.
               | 
               | But since the purchase itself happens off exchange,
               | there's no record of how much the coins were sold for, so
               | no impact on market price.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | A large wallet that's been dormant for years suddenly
               | becoming active will tend to pressure the price lower
               | from the implied increase in liquid supply and fear that
               | the wallet will continue to distribute coins.
               | 
               | It's not just the printing of transaction price that can
               | affect the market.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | Just the fear of future liquidation would eventually
               | severely crash BTC.
        
               | handfuloflight wrote:
               | Like it's crashing now on this news?
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | There's ~$188B in Satoshi era wallets.
               | 
               | While ~$8B is huge news, due to the potential that all
               | ~$188B might be in play, when most investors probably
               | expected it was not prior to this - or at least the
               | probability was low enough to barely factor, it's
               | unlikely to crash BTC.
               | 
               | Further, moving BTC is one thing. Showing signs of
               | liquidation is another.
               | 
               | That much _should_ be able to get liquidated
               | intelligently without moving the market.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | It depends how it's sold. Market orders would have more
               | impact than OTC .
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | yeah, people think it's the selling that makes the price
               | fall. it is the anticipation . markets are forward
               | looking
        
               | beefnugs wrote:
               | Because maybe this isn't satoshi waking up, but finally
               | those kidnappers hit that poor guy in the latest "we
               | found satoshi" documentary
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | if someone could brute force a key, they would target
               | small inactive wallets , rather than big wallets and
               | drawing attention to it
        
               | nottrueatallz wrote:
               | Not true at all! Everyone knows there are holes in the
               | crypto algorithms and implementations which agencies use
               | to achieve any objective they may have. On top of that
               | there are also holes across the software and hardware
               | stacks of various implementations. Just because they run
               | all the researchers and fund a lot of it does not mean
               | there are no holes.
               | 
               | Especially now with AI, I wouldn't be surprised if an
               | amateur kicked a bunch of tires and got lucky.
               | 
               | Just because they are not published, does not mean they
               | are not using them, someone else found them and are using
               | them. Or they just have the keys from back in the day.
               | 
               | Can't wait to follow this story as it unfolds. The other
               | risk is Quantum... That is going to be real fun when it
               | starts making leaps above Moores Law.
               | 
               | There needs to be a industry wide effort NOW! That
               | researches and generates keys in unconventional ways,
               | different than the ways they are being generated now.
               | Because Quantum is a beast. Those keys will need to be
               | Quantum proof, which means that even if the agent knows
               | the algorithm that is used to generate the keys they
               | cannot duplicate the keys that were generated the first
               | instance it was run. Or you can start doing Hashing
               | across fingerprint, eye and dna data. That is coming my
               | folks!
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | You dont understand bitcoin or the math or the
               | cryptography ehind it.
        
               | cluckindan wrote:
               | Can you look me in the eye and state that you understand
               | Bitcoin and the math and the cryptography behind it?
               | 
               | Even if you do, there could in theory still be a way to
               | narrow down the key space or find some other shortcut to
               | a wallet key, even if nobody has figured it out yet.
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | I understand the math and crypto behind it to a degree. I
               | don't profess expert knowledge however. But I know enough
               | to know the GP is wrong and I'm happy to point that out.
               | If I thought there was any value in correcting GP claim
               | by claim I would do so. But in reality it will just end
               | up in me wasting my time trying to educate someone who
               | doesn't want to be educated, and if they did they could
               | go and research the math and cryptography for themselves.
               | 
               | As someone once said, I can explain it to you, but I
               | can't understand it for you.
        
               | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
               | It would take approximately 6B H100 GPU days to crack
               | every active BTC wallet.
               | 
               | So if you had 10,000 H100s running, it'd only take ~1500
               | years.
               | 
               | You'd have a high probability to find key in under ~1000
               | years, though.
               | 
               | Even if I'm off by 3 orders of magnitude, it would take a
               | decade and cost billions, and not make financial sense.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | Active addresses have less entropy too
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | Why? Are you hypothesizing that they used bad RNGs?
        
               | 1oooqooq wrote:
               | *at most ... years.
               | 
               | People always forget those numbers are worst case
               | scenarios. I mean, you can get luck on the very first
               | guess too.
        
               | relaxing wrote:
               | If that's the plan you can guess a number for free, no
               | outlay needed.
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | If your guess is generated by a QRNG and many worlds is
               | true, than one version of you is very happy although the
               | expected value is 1.03x10-66 USD.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | How do you get that?
               | 
               | BTC private key space is 256 bit. Let's say a billion
               | wallets, that's 30 bits, so you need to check 226 bits to
               | hit one wallet.
               | 
               | A H100 does about 1000 TFLOPS at the very most, that's
               | 10^15 or 50 bits per second (generously assuming we can
               | check on key per FLOP).
               | 
               | 6B days of that will give you an additional 50 bits (6 =
               | 8 = 3 bits, B = 1000^3 = 30 bits, day = 10^5 seconds = 17
               | bits).
               | 
               | Now we're talking 100 bits. But as discussed above, you
               | need to check 220 bits to hit a key. There's still quite
               | a gap.
               | 
               | For comparison, the entire Bitcoin network (using 1% of
               | world electricity) does about 1000 EH/s at the moment,
               | that's 10^21 or 70 bits per second (so, roughly
               | equivalent to a million of H100, using the rough
               | overestimating sketch above).
               | 
               | Per year, that's 70+25 = 95 bits. Still far.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | People are actively doing it. Mostly using clore.ai on
               | their 4090x bundles.
               | 
               | I used to work in the gpu rental space up to about a
               | month ago.
               | 
               | I talked to multiple people dropping hundreds of
               | thousands of dollars on looking for those keys.
               | 
               | I'd put house odds at say 20:1 that someone cracked it
               | over someone holding for 14 years and deciding now is
               | strike time.
               | 
               | Also if it's a true crack, then Bitcoin price _could_
               | collapse swiftly if someone just snatched a wallet for
               | 200k of compute or whatever.
               | 
               | That's always been the real existential risk. I talked
               | about it as the DES problem over a decade ago. Let's see
               | if this is it
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | Those people were wasting their money. They could be
               | running those GPUs from now until the end of the universe
               | and still have approximately 0% chance of finding a
               | single used key.
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | Right. Those were the ones I talked to, just by random
               | chance. It means that there are a lot of them.
               | 
               | This implicates a few things - (1) people win the lottery
               | every day and (2) it's highly unlikely that the best
               | techniques are publicly known.
               | 
               | Perhaps there's something that requires $1,000,000 in
               | investment to yield a 1:100 chance of finding a
               | particular targeted wallet using some clever shortcuts.
               | 
               | The other explanation is very implausible: a human sits
               | on wallets without splitting up the funds or derisking
               | exposure, has wallets with a billion dollars sitting it
               | in.
               | 
               | Now I only have a few million, but even I have something
               | like 6 brokerages and 12 banks. Even when I was a btc
               | holder, I didn't keep over $100k in a single wallet.
               | 
               | The snatching theory requires no new revolutionary math,
               | no substantial breakthroughs, just some clever people
               | with a lot of resources and a goal.
               | 
               | Either explanation is speculative. I think the "lucky
               | researchers at some University" theory is more likely
               | then the "let's wait 14 years until this $1,000 becomes
               | $1,000,000,000."
               | 
               | Especially because (1) we're not exactly at some high
               | water mark and (2) if this was just a person with a
               | wallet trying to do something like pay for life's
               | uncertainties, you can do basically 100% of that with
               | like 4btc.
               | 
               | However if you successfully snatched the wallet, you're
               | on a clock before someone else gets it. This is exactly
               | the kind of movement you'd be doing
               | 
               | Also if some old bitcoiner comes out and says "hey that
               | was me", we're still up in the air. If I had snatched a
               | billion dollar wallet, the first thing I'd do is payoff
               | an old btc'er to claim its there's to prevent market
               | panic.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | This isn't like lottery odds. The space of keys here is
               | vast. Like unimaginably so. 2^256 is a lot of keys.
               | 
               | If someone had a faster method for breaking elliptic
               | curve keys, fast enough to have a realistic chance on
               | GPUs, the repercussions for that would be waaaaaay larger
               | than merely stealing some bitcoin. This is the same math
               | upon which nearly all digital security in common use
               | today is based. It'd be full-on cryptopocalypse.
        
               | jjmarr wrote:
               | "larger than merely stealing some Bitcoin"
               | 
               | It's US$2 billion. I can't imagine a better way of
               | monetizing such an exploit than to convert it into cash
               | by using Bitcoin.
               | 
               | The US govt can't pay you US$2 billion without it showing
               | up as a line item in the federal budget. That's like 20%
               | of the NSA's funding. You'd have to get authorization
               | from the President and hold some emergency session of
               | Congress. Other governments would pay less.
               | 
               | Hacking the normal banking system is also challenging. If
               | you steal US$2 billion someone is going to notice and
               | simply undo the transaction because banking doesn't
               | believe in "code as law".
        
               | kristopolous wrote:
               | You're looking at it wrong. There doesn't need to be a
               | generalizable, embarrassingly parallel, computationally
               | lower class, key reduction.
               | 
               | Just this specific implementation with these specific
               | wallets maybe using a version of the btc code with a
               | small recently discovered bug that existed say for 3
               | months in 2011
               | 
               | You can have something extremely localized and get this
               | result. And this is exactly the behavior people have long
               | game theoried would happen under such a scenario.
               | 
               | You're implicitly making the claim that just because you
               | can't find something widely discussed in literature than
               | any optimization of any kind is impossible and nobody
               | would ever _dare_ to keep an advantage in stealing
               | bitcoin wallets secret.
               | 
               | Stuxnet is way less plausible than this yet that
               | happened.
               | 
               | People have been trying to do this for a decade and have
               | in aggregate thrown probably north of $100 million into
               | it through separate efforts. The idea of someone finally
               | succeeding is kind of expected.
               | 
               | Again the only claim I'm making here is that this is not
               | only a non-zero chance, but, in my mind, an over 90%.
        
               | logsr wrote:
               | the most likely weakness is in the ECC implementation. i
               | don't understand the math (who does?) but what the debate
               | over https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/ tells me is that very
               | few people know what a "weak curve" is but people agree
               | that they exist. this has always made me sketch on ECC in
               | general, especially since it is also used in Tor. Another
               | possibility is compromising the RNG used for creating the
               | pvt sig? which since these are early addresses they would
               | have been from a very early version of the software, and
               | might have used a shitty RNG. If this is a crack it could
               | definitely be state level actors (who has the US pissed
               | off lately? who have they not?). Whether it is
               | state/private the goal would be to extract as much real
               | money as possible before creating a panic, so will be
               | interesting to see where the money goes.
        
               | adastra22 wrote:
               | FYI the "safe curves" charts are garbage self-promotion
               | for his own crypto algorithms. I generally respect DJB,
               | but he didn't even try to be unbiased with that analysis.
        
               | HeartStrings wrote:
               | It's the quantum computer.
        
               | dperrin wrote:
               | Just speculating here, but isn't it quite possible
               | someone wasn't intentionally sitting on it for 14 years
               | and instead just couldn't access it? For example, if
               | they've been sitting in prison this whole time. Something
               | like that seems (statistically anyway) more plausible to
               | me than getting lucky on guessing a key.
        
         | volfonibros wrote:
         | For anyone else who's been vaguely following the story as it
         | popped up every few years, the latest news came out a few days
         | ago : he finally gave up.
        
           | xdfgh1112 wrote:
           | Source?
           | 
           | https://x.com/howelzy
        
             | volfonibros wrote:
             | I went back to the (french) articles making that claim in
             | headlines and it turns out to be false, thanks.
             | 
             | He lost his appeal in his case against the city authority
             | to search the landfill, so he can't ever search for it.
             | It's a bit buried in his feed in between the announcements
             | about tokenizing part of these legally inaccessible coins.
        
           | nixass wrote:
           | > he finally gave up
           | 
           | Sounds like something someone who found few billion USD on a
           | thumb drive would say :)
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | I wouldn't say anything.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Has he opened a bar instead?
        
               | volemo wrote:
               | He named it Puzzles.
        
           | nothrabannosir wrote:
           | That's definitely also what I would publicize if I actually
           | found the HDD. :)
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | He lost his court battle to force the local government
             | running the dump to allow him to dig the last I heard. So I
             | doubt it, he wasn't even allowed to really try.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Good chance those coins are 100% traceable. They were lost
             | in the days before good privacy tools like mixers, and the
             | database of the biggest exchange MtGox was fully leaked so
             | everyone knows the real name, email, bank details, and date
             | of birth of the owner of every old coin.
             | 
             | Very pleased I disposed of all mine long ago, and the
             | Blockchain shows that so nobody tries to kidnap me for the
             | keys.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | In the early days, a pentium 486 in your garage could
               | have made these coins in a few months.
               | 
               | And you don't need an exchange to transfer coins.
               | 
               | No one knows who owns these wallets... yet. That's why
               | they are mysterious.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Plenty of address reuse happened back then
        
               | improbableinf wrote:
               | That's what someone who hasn't disposed all of the coins
               | would say.
        
         | throw310822 wrote:
         | > what are the odds that someone has been quietly spending
         | 10s/100s of millions in cloud compute to brute force the keys
         | for old wallets?
         | 
         | Even if that were possible, you could brute force one wallet.
         | Not eight wallets closely related to each other.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Keys created with an RNG that turned out to be a little too
           | predictable?
           | 
           | Or some other flaw found in a wallet's key generation?
           | 
           | Kinda like what happened here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=6195493
           | 
           | (Or exactly that but nobody tried to attack this again with
           | moar power?)
        
             | pyman wrote:
             | One of my students believes Elon Musk and Peter Thiel
             | created Bitcoin. Here's the summary of the 5 page doc he
             | presented:
             | 
             | In 2000, according to Peter Thiel, he met with the E-Gold
             | team in Anguilla.
             | 
             | Around 2001, Elon and Peter were at PayPal, and they had
             | plans to build a similar digital currency.
             | 
             | In 2002, PayPal was sold, and that pretty much ended the
             | digital currency plan. Instead, PayPal let users link their
             | bank accounts and cards to make payments. This created a
             | bigger dependency on banks.
             | 
             | By 2004, there were over a million E-Gold accounts. Banks
             | weren't happy about it. Meanwhile, Elon and Peter
             | understood exactly how much potential this new kind of
             | digital currency had.
             | 
             | In 2007, the banks took the founders of E-Gold to court for
             | running an unlicensed money-transmitting business. That
             | same year, the E-Gold engineers were out of work.
             | 
             | Bitcoin was invented in 2008, the same year Elon was broke
             | and busy trying to save both SpaceX and Tesla from going
             | bankrupt.
             | 
             | His theory is that Elon and Peter hired the smartest
             | engineers from the E-Gold team and asked them to build
             | blockchain so they could create their own version of
             | E-Gold. The team worked on Bitcoin from 2007 to 2010 under
             | the alias of Nakamoto.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | > Around 2001, Elon and Peter were at PayPal, and they
               | had plans to build a similar digital currency.
               | 
               | > In 2002, PayPal was sold, and that pretty much ended
               | the digital currency plan. Instead, PayPal let users link
               | their bank accounts and cards to make payments. This
               | created a bigger dependency on banks.
               | 
               | This doesn't hold up to scrutiny.
               | 
               | Except PayPal wasn't invented by Elon or Peter. It was
               | Elon's company's plan to build the digital bank but they
               | were failing quite spectacularly at it.
               | 
               | They merged with Confinity who'd already built PayPal,
               | had a working prototype, etc.
               | 
               | Elon lasted four months as CEO of PayPal, trying to
               | convert it from Java to ASP until the Board didn't ask
               | him to resign, but fired him, the morning he left on his
               | honeymoon after getting married.
               | 
               | PayPal is a complete red herring there. Elon had no
               | participation in ideas on digital currency there.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > They merged with Confinity who'd already built PayPal,
               | had a working prototype, etc.
               | 
               | Interesting, need to read about it. So similar story as
               | with Tesla? Existing opinion nicely confirmed.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | I've got a Confinity Paypal tshirt from a job fair I went
               | to in 2000 or 2001 from back when they envisioned people
               | using palm pilots to transfer money. I always think it's
               | hilarious that people give Elon any credit for doing
               | anything at the company.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | The people who give him credit are the same people who
               | sold PayPal for $1.5 billion in July 2002:
               | 
               | Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Luke Nosek, Reid Hoffman, David
               | Sacks, Ken Howery, Jeremy Stoppelman, Russel Simmons.
               | 
               | Elon was removed as CEO in 2000, but he remained the
               | largest individual shareholder when PayPal went public.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | I saw people using PalmPilots to transfer money on PayPal
               | in 02001.
        
               | bostik wrote:
               | Some of the history between the two companies is covered
               | in a book, "Paypal Wars.[0]
               | 
               | Among other things it happens to spotlight Musk's
               | fascination with having "X" as the company name,
               | especially for a bank.
               | 
               | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_PayPal_Wars
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | So you are contradicting what Luke Nosek, the co-founder
               | of PayPal, said?
               | 
               | Luke: "Many people don't know this, but the initial
               | mission of PayPal was to create a global currency that
               | was independent of interference by these, you know,
               | corrupt cartels of banks and governments that were
               | debasing their currencies."
               | 
               | Why should we believe you and not the person who created
               | PayPal?
               | 
               | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/paypal-originally-aimed-
               | creat...
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | Uhhh... nothing I said contradicts Luke Nosek.
               | 
               | Elon was working on a digital bank, not a global
               | currency. His company was failing miserably.
               | 
               | Confinity, who made PayPal, and had a first version
               | working, merged with them.
               | 
               | Elon gets no credit for a 'global currency' idea (nor do
               | I think he and Thiel invented Bitcoin[1]), because
               | Confinity was already working on that idea when they
               | merged and became PayPal properly, in the four months
               | before he was ousted.
               | 
               | My argument was that Elon wasn't all about the global
               | currency.
               | 
               | [1] And Elon definitely didn't invent BitCoin. His ego
               | would never permit him to have kept that a secret for a
               | month, let alone a decade plus.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | Context matters.
               | 
               | The PayPal mafia (Musk, Nossk, Thiel, Levchin, Sacks, and
               | the rest) spent years working closely, obsessing over
               | banks, money, payments, and how to move value on the
               | internet, questioning everything: What is money? Who
               | controls it? How do you make it more efficient, global,
               | and digital?
        
               | AdamJacobMuller wrote:
               | Perhaps plausible until you mention that they hired a
               | team to build it.
               | 
               | There's no way, even if it was a single-digit number of
               | people team that they would remain silent. If it was just
               | Elon/Thiel I could perhaps believe it.
               | 
               | Also keep in mind that there were some very desperate
               | years for Elon where his companies were extremely close
               | to bankruptcy, wouldn't he have tapped into that bitcoin
               | if he had access to it?
        
               | PUSH_AX wrote:
               | Because Elon is so humble...
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | Seems fairly humble to me in that he's always thanking
               | the team and giving them most of the credit.
        
               | quinndexter wrote:
               | The definition of humility is not "doing the bare
               | minimum."
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | Can you name me a self made billionaire who is more
               | humble?
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | > wouldn't he have tapped into that bitcoin if he had
               | access to it?
               | 
               | That's not how business works. You borrow, then borrow
               | some more, and focus on having a long term plan to cover
               | the interest, so you don't upset the banks or end up
               | broke again.
               | 
               | Doesn't Elon sell Bitcoin whenever he needs a few hundred
               | million these days?
               | 
               | The fact that we don't understand how someone could've
               | come up with something like PayPal or Bitcoin might be
               | exactly why Elon and Peter are the richest people on the
               | planet.
               | 
               | > There's no way, even if it was a single-digit number of
               | people team that they would remain silent.
               | 
               | JPMorgan moves $10 trillion a day. Would you sleep at
               | night knowing you publicly admitted being involved in a
               | project whose only mission is to bring them down?
        
               | yellow_lead wrote:
               | My counterpoint is that if Elon were involved in any way
               | at all, he would have taken credit for it publicly by
               | now.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | JPMorgan moves $10 trillion a day, according to Jamie
               | Dimon. So there's the unwritten rule: you never upset the
               | banks because that's the last thing you'll ever do.
               | 
               | So why would the richest person on earth do that? He's
               | not crazy.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Back in the real world, plenty of people publicly
               | associated with running major cryptocurrencies (and Craig
               | Wright!) are walking around talking about how they
               | invented the cryptocurrency and how it revolutionises
               | banking, and plenty of people inventing _infrastructure_
               | for promoting Bitcoin are doing deals with banks, whilst
               | Elon is the sort of guy who goes to extreme lengths to
               | piss off _both_ political parties in the country that he
               | and his businesses and his lucrative government contracts
               | are based in, including ranting into the void about the
               | most powerful _and most sensitive_ man in the Western
               | world is in the Epstein files when they had a fallout...
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | > So there's the unwritten rule: you never upset the
               | banks because that's the last thing you'll ever do.
               | 
               | What are they going to do? Whack him mafia style and make
               | it look like an accident? Here's a more realistic rule:
               | "If you owe the bank $100, that's your problem. If you
               | owe the bank $100 million, that's the bank's problem".
               | 
               | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/214064-if-you-owe-the-
               | bank-...
               | 
               | > So why would the richest person on earth do that? He's
               | not crazy.
               | 
               | You mean the guy who is so insecure he constantly lies,
               | even about the most inconsequential things...
               | 
               | https://archive.ph/20250127023632/https://www.nytimes.com
               | /20...
               | 
               | The guy who is so uninformed and gullible he falls for
               | any conspiracy theory...
               | 
               | https://www.techdirt.com/2024/10/25/lies-damned-lies-and-
               | elo...
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3u8_fp1TtJE
               | 
               | The guy who jeopardised billions by buying into a random
               | tweet accusing a business partner without proof...
               | 
               | https://voz.us/en/world/250308/21932/mexican-tycoon-
               | carlos-s...
               | 
               | The guy who invested all his time and energy electing
               | someone like him, only to then (predictably) have a
               | falling out...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud
               | 
               | I mean, _maybe_ he isn't crazy, but that isn't really an
               | effective defense. Crazy people at least have an excuse.
        
               | razemio wrote:
               | I do not think that Elon would not claim he is the
               | inventor by now. The team theory makes this entirely
               | unbelievable. Something like this can only be pulled of
               | by 1-2 person's whith exceptional self-restraint.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | Peter Thiel said in one of his podcast he believes it was
               | the E-Gold team who created Bitcoin under the alias of
               | Nakamoto. He also confirmed he knew the team. But no one
               | knows the names of the engineers or who financed them.
               | 
               | All we know is that Elon and Peter revolutionised the
               | finance industry with PayPal.
        
               | qoqpop wrote:
               | Video where he said he knew the team? In the main video,
               | he just speculates that some people at the conference
               | made bitcoin. Never provided even a claim to having
               | evidence.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | You've just created an account to ask that question? Wow
               | :D
               | 
               | https://kqmarkets.co.uk/article/did-peter-thiel-meet-
               | satoshi...
               | 
               | https://protos.com/is-peter-thiel-inner-circle-behind-
               | the-sa...
               | 
               | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-21/peter-
               | thi...
               | 
               | "Peter Thiel met with the e-gold team in February 2000 on
               | the Caribbean island of Anguilla to discuss making PayPal
               | interoperable with e-gold. The goal was to challenge
               | central banks by creating a system where PayPal and
               | e-gold could work together. Thiel believed this
               | collaboration could spark a revolution against
               | traditional financial institutions."
               | 
               | Actions speak louder than words.
               | 
               | - Thiel met with digital currency pioneers in 2000.
               | 
               | - Thiel chose not to partner with E-Gold because he
               | needed to stay compliant and bank-friendly.
               | 
               | - A few years later, Bitcoin quietly appears, solving the
               | exact problems E-Gold ran into.
               | 
               | - No names. No funding trail. No way for banks to know
               | who the enemy is. Just Bitcoin wallets full of money.
               | 
               | It doesn't sound like a bunch of idealistic cypherpunks
               | building tech to save the world. It sounds like a few
               | smart, well-connected people who understood how money
               | moves, got frustrated with the banking system and their
               | fees, and built a way to create wealth and move value
               | without paying commissions.
               | 
               | The cypherpunks laid the groundwork for the encryption
               | banks, governments, and corporations now depend on. They
               | were never interested in dodging taxes or avoiding bank
               | fees.
        
               | l0ng1nu5 wrote:
               | It was jack.
        
               | AuryGlenz wrote:
               | Fun personal fact - the only reason I didn't invest more
               | in Bitcoin (which would have definitely been enough to be
               | FU money) was because I had some E-Gold when it was shut
               | down.
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | Worse fun personal fact. I was planning to buy 5000
               | bitcoins on a Friday after work. A coworker convinced me
               | and it made sense. Bitcoin was less than 2 a coin at that
               | point.
               | 
               | Then I go down the elevator in my building and there is a
               | huge crowd of people. It ended up being 50 cent the
               | rapper and a few other famous people.
               | 
               | It was so surreal and unexpected I completely forgot
               | about Bitcoin for a few months. And by then I could stand
               | the fact it had tripled (or something) and I had missed
               | it.
               | 
               | Would have been hundreds of millions. Could have lost the
               | hdd or had sold later but I'd always hold some.
               | 
               | Lol so now I blame 50 cent that I didn't buy Bitcoin
        
               | tony69 wrote:
               | You would've sold it way before it became FU money
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Indeed. That's what so many miss.
               | 
               | One of the doge creators sold all his early doge for a
               | used car. He'd hit the jackpot, a $5k return on something
               | he rolled out in under a day's work, for fun.
               | 
               | He didn't make the wrong decision. All his coin was worth
               | 5 bucks, then 5900. What would you do?
        
               | DoesntMatter22 wrote:
               | I doubt it, Ive held my Tesla shares since the beginning.
        
               | jasonvorhe wrote:
               | If this at least involved Len Sassaman somehow, I'd find
               | it at least worthy of digging in to this. Pass. Musk and
               | Thiel being true cypherpunks? Come on. Musk hasn't had a
               | single idea on his own, Thiel is way too busy coming up
               | with ways to enslave everyone. No way they had anything
               | to do with creating Bitcoin.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | Nick Szabo, Hal Finney, Peter Todd, and Adam Back were
               | definitely part of the team after the paper was
               | published. But Len Sassaman? I don't think so.
               | 
               | > Musk and Thiel being true cypherpunks?
               | 
               | Even cypherpunks had bills to pay.
               | 
               | And who was hiring in 2007? The same people who disrupted
               | the banking and oil industry with PayPal and Tesla.
        
               | xoralkindi wrote:
               | People always forget about the great Wei Dai, who like
               | Nakamoto is already sort of pseudonymous, he also created
               | Bmoney which is allot like Bitcoin. He is also the
               | creator of the Crypto++ cryptography library for C++
               | (bitcoin is written in C++) From all the OG Cypherpunks
               | he ticks allot of the boxes.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | True. Nothing gets built in isolation. Bitcoin was the
               | result of decades of work by cryptographers, economists,
               | investors, and engineers
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Len went on for years about what a stupid idea Bitcoin
               | was.
        
               | pyman wrote:
               | Agree. He was not impressed with Bitcoin
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Any team involved would have long ago spilled the beans.
               | 
               | Conspiracies are impossible to maintain, once more than
               | one or two people are involved.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Except for the secrecy of Colossus, Crypto AG, the 9/11
               | hijackings, Bill Cosby drugging and raping dozens of
               | women, Peter Thiel funding lawsuits against Gawker, the
               | Manhattan Project, the CIA-funded coup against Mossadegh,
               | Stuxnet, the Five Families, most of what the NSA does,
               | the Stealth Bomber, and so on.
               | 
               | Almost all of those remained secret longer than the 17
               | years we're talking about here, and due to selection
               | bias, I am forced to omit the much more successfully kept
               | secrets, because I don't know about them yet.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | The selection bias, is discounting the endless
               | conspiracies exposed daily.
               | 
               | People go to jail, are caught out, fired, relationships
               | break up, governments fall, because conspiracies of even
               | a few people fall apart. It's a regular thing.
               | 
               | You're mentioning some things, of which some were known
               | during the time. The FBI had reports of the 9/11
               | hijackers, Bill Cosby was known by many but the women
               | were paid off with cash or jobs (until they rightfully
               | went public), and things such as the CIA and the
               | Manhattan project are laced with highly patriotic people,
               | and the death penalty or life in jail, along with people
               | sequestered and watched by immense security.
               | 
               | Secrets are very difficult to keep.
               | 
               | The things you think of were enormously unusual in that
               | they were kept.
               | 
               | They were the exception to the rule.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Very plausibly the identity of Satoshi is already known
               | to more people than Cosby's rapes or the 9/11 hijacking
               | plans, before everybody knew about them. The hijacking
               | plans weren't even well-known inside the FBI! And it's
               | also very plausible that the people involved in Bitcoin
               | were either strongly idealistic, facing death penalties
               | for disclosure (for example, if they work for the
               | Mossad), or both.
               | 
               | I agree with your weakened claim that secrets are very
               | difficult to keep, but much of modern society is built on
               | institutions that are very good at keeping them: armies,
               | intelligence agencies, and even companies with trade
               | secrets.
               | 
               | I agree that Satoshi was probably just one or two people,
               | and the difficulty in keeping secrets with more than a
               | few people is one of my reasons for that. But you said it
               | was _impossible_ , not difficult, which is much too
               | extreme to be justifiable.
               | 
               | (I think it's about 50% likely that it's one of a couple
               | of dozen people I've met personally, but I wouldn't be
               | able to convince anyone else. So you might be talking to
               | one of the people in the position of Bill Cosby's friends
               | before the news came out.)
        
               | franktankbank wrote:
               | This is the dumbest idea I ever hear smart people say.
        
               | OtherShrezzing wrote:
               | Just applying Occams Razor here, this whole story makes
               | more sense if the E-Gold engineers just bootstrapped this
               | project without Musk/Thiel involvement.
               | 
               | E-Golds most talented 1-2 engineers weren't poor people,
               | and could definitely afford a 5 year career break.
        
             | HeartStrings wrote:
             | It's quantum computer.
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | Yeah - assuming this was not the rightful owner (which it
             | might well be), my gut is that perhaps someone found an
             | implementation flaw/quirk in some old wallet
             | code/keygen/RNG that effectively reduced the keysize down
             | to something more manageable for brute-forcing. In ye olden
             | days Bitcoin was still something of a curio for geeks and
             | nerds and not the industry it is now, so it would not be
             | unreasonable IMO for there to be some slightly-less-than-
             | perfect implementations floating around from hobbyists or
             | open source etc - the stakes were lower then.
             | 
             | If there was say a vulnerability in a specific wallet
             | version it would be quite possible to narrow down search
             | space to only the wallets/addresses around that point in
             | time etc as well, making it easier to target your brute-
             | forcing efforts.
             | 
             | It will be interesting to see if any other dormant wallets
             | from around the same era wake up too.
        
           | taneq wrote:
           | > closely related to each other.
           | 
           | Like, sequential? Because if you were brute forcing...
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Better odds: old man theory.
           | 
           | Some dude had the wallets on a usb drive. Maybe he mined in
           | the very early days, never really thought of it, and ended up
           | aged and not cognitively aware, his memory wonky.
           | 
           | Recently, he just passed on.
           | 
           | His offspring cleaned out his garage or whatever, found a usb
           | stick, looked on it for photos, and found this.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | this would be highly improbable. the odds of only remembering
         | enough of the key to brute force it, is slim.
         | 
         | guessing a whale's key? zero
        
         | whatsupdog wrote:
         | He had only 7500. The recent move involves 60,000 according to
         | some Reddit threads
        
         | qwertox wrote:
         | > what are the odds that someone has been quietly spending
         | 10s/100s of millions in cloud compute to brute force the keys
         | for old wallets?
         | 
         | I've been wondering the same. But in this case it's multiple
         | wallets, so it's very unlikely.
        
         | hsbauauvhabzb wrote:
         | At that scale self-hosted compute probably offers a decent roi.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | Or maybe someone just got out of prison!
        
           | max_ wrote:
           | Ross Ulbricht?
        
         | monster_truck wrote:
         | Being seriously serious, if it was even statistically
         | unreasonable to accomplish this once in this amount of time, it
         | would be apocalyptic. A whole lot more than bitcoin would
         | crumble.
         | 
         | I've personally always been a fan of the idea that the only
         | reason it exists in the first place is to be a 2-trillion-pound
         | canary for sha256
        
         | msgodel wrote:
         | Martin Shkreli has been spending the past month or so on
         | Discord streaming himself doing literally exactly that.
        
         | xoralkindi wrote:
         | Bitcoin is designed with clever incentives to prevent this kind
         | of thing. If you can afford to bruteforce wallets the incentive
         | would be to just mine bictoin which is more probable and it
         | also help secure the network. If you can bruteforce wallets
         | bitcoin is effectively worthless. Or you could even use all of
         | that compute to mine something else for example Monero.
        
         | cyrillite wrote:
         | As Bitcoin increases in value, the reward for breaking into
         | wallets grows. Satoshi's is the ultimate target here, followed
         | by wallets used to burn currencies. Some of these look like
         | they'd only be brute forceable and that takes more time and
         | energy than we think is plausible, but I suspect people will
         | find the system isn't as secure as expected in some weird and
         | wacky ways as this bounty grows.
         | 
         | Although, I wonder if emptying the wallet is actually harder
         | than breaking in, in some ways. Let's say you get into
         | Satoshi's wallet (or they still have access), how do you move
         | anything without spooking the entire market?
        
       | coolspot wrote:
       | Someone just got out of jail.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Ross Ulbricht got out a few months ago. Could be his.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | he only had $40 million . if he had $1 billion the feds would
           | have known about it
        
             | 1oooqooq wrote:
             | lol. Did you read the whole wired piece on how the feds
             | couldn't find anything under their nose on that case?
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | > he only had $40 million
             | 
             | How could you possibly know?
             | 
             | Or anyone else for that matter, including the thugs who
             | sent him to jail?
        
         | Workaccount2 wrote:
         | An old friend of mine died 11 years ago from an overdose, and I
         | am almost certain he used darknet markets to buy other drugs.
         | 
         | It's very likely there is a wallet forever lost with many
         | Bitcoin in it from his passing. No way his family would have
         | known anything about it (Bitcoin/dark markets)or cared much
         | anyway circa 2014. I'll admit I have pondered ways to check
         | this, but it's too far fetched.
         | 
         | I can't help but wonder if the wave of fentanyl that made
         | optiate addict deaths skyrocket, left a huge wake of forever
         | lost Bitcoin. I know there was a lot of overlap between addicts
         | and darknet market users.
        
           | Stevvo wrote:
           | Most addicts would likely not hold Bitcoin in wallet, but
           | spend it on getting their next fix as soon as they buy it.
           | It's not like you're thinking long-term, invest in Bitcoin so
           | you can buy more drugs down the line. There would be leftover
           | change but not big amounts.
        
             | Xss3 wrote:
             | You'd be surprised how many of these addicts would be
             | buying for multiple other less tech savvy addicts and
             | essentially becoming small time dealers themselves to fund
             | their own habit. If they got locked up or ODd at the right
             | time there could've been a few thousand usd in btc in a
             | wallet at a time when each btc was worth less than 10usd.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | He wouldn't heroin from darknet markets and I doubt many
             | addicts do, they need that on tap locally. But he, and many
             | others like him, just like drugs in general and have a
             | heroin addiction they picked up. So the darknet is more for
             | getting lsd, MDMA, mushrooms, or whatever else.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | If you have $8B in BTC, is there any reasonable way to turn that
       | into any fiat currency? USD, EUR, anything? Can you even buy that
       | much USDC?
        
         | nandomrumber wrote:
         | Loans using the BTC as collateral.
         | 
         | Buy good / commodities with BTC and resell them.
         | 
         | Sell the BTC.
         | 
         | Probably not all $8 gigadollars at once, but is there any
         | reason you would immediately need that much?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | > but is there any reason you would immediately need that
           | much?
           | 
           | Because you worry that BTC will crash and want it in
           | something more stable?
        
             | PoshBreeze wrote:
             | BTC is volatile but it isn't going to crash tomorrow or any
             | time soon at least not by the amount that would make sense
             | to sell with a wallet this old.
        
               | mindcandy wrote:
               | Compared to the "Magnificent Seven", Bitcoin's volatility
               | has put it in the middle, while it's performance puts it
               | at or near the top depending on the time window.
               | 
               | https://www.fidelitydigitalassets.com/research-and-
               | insights/...
               | 
               | https://www.fool.com/investing/2024/03/06/bitcoin-has-
               | been-a...
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | I find it odd that someone would make a comparison
               | between bitcoin and other financial assets, as if bitcoin
               | was just another financial asset and its theoretical
               | price wasn't zero... which is a pretty big market
               | anomaly. Normally, when you find a market anomaly, you
               | try to explain it. But these analysts, they pretend that
               | there's no anomaly. They just don't talk about it, in the
               | hopes that nobody will notice.
        
             | nandomrumber wrote:
             | Well, one way to lower the price would be to put eight
             | billion on the market all at once.
        
         | bgwalter wrote:
         | If the Bitcoin Sovereign Wealth Fund scam that was announced
         | after Trump's election is launched, there will be a price
         | bottom that is financed by public funds.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what has come of it. Trump is doing well with his
         | own coins:
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/uae-fund-buys-100-m...
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-07-02/donald-tr...
        
         | pawelduda wrote:
         | Sure you can. If you do it over a few months, it will get
         | absorbed by market because there are buyers (as of today).
         | Though this is kind of unprecedented, so markets could find
         | this kind of event bearish and front run your sells which tanks
         | the price. But I can't imagine I'd care if I held for 14 years.
         | There is also USDT which is much bigger than USDC.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | Also if you approach Coinbase/Kraken/$exchange and tell them
           | you have X million to offload, they'll probably let you do it
           | off-market, so no one (except for the ledger, obviously)
           | would really notice.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | yes, that's why the exchanges are nearly $100bn companies
         | 
         | between multiple corporations buying $1bn per week, retail, and
         | nation states, there is a large appetite for this amount with a
         | few phone calls
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | nah, they are worth that much because of inflated valuations
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Yes. And note that Coinbase for example charges retail
             | around 1.5% or so on average, but only a few basis points
             | to institutional clients last time I ran the numbers.
             | Surprise.
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | If you don't want to bother, you can auction it and some hedge
         | fund which wants to buy will take it from your hand.
        
         | bravesoul2 wrote:
         | Start an ETF?
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | Seems like a "buy borrow die" type of scenario to me.
        
         | Thorrez wrote:
         | Why are you asking about $8B when the article is about $2B?
        
       | p0w3n3d wrote:
       | F word is what caught my eye first
        
       | duttish wrote:
       | Whoever got these wallets better sell them and get a good
       | security company on rotation quickly before anyone find out who
       | they are. Seems like wrench attacks been been happening a lot
       | more the last year.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | looking at the address types this just looks more like a
         | security rotation to a stronger hashing method
        
         | Marsymars wrote:
         | I don't really get these; there's not a ton of difference
         | between using a wrench to threaten someone with a bunch of
         | Bitcoin vs using a wrench to threaten someone with a bunch of
         | any other liquid asset that could be used to buy bitcoins.
        
           | andylynch wrote:
           | Bitcoin doesn't ask questions when you unexpectedly want to
           | make a very large transfer to a new payee. Your banker will.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | But exchanges will if you deposit that much, and will
             | freeze your $ if they don't like your response.
        
               | udev4096 wrote:
               | Why would you even use a central exchange? It makes no
               | sense. The person holding an absurd amount of coins would
               | not be stupid to throw it all away like that
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | then there is no way to liquate anything close to that
               | much without a centralized exchange
        
           | BJones12 wrote:
           | If I had 8 billion in cash in my bank account and put in a
           | transfer order, they'd block it, call me, make me come into a
           | branch, make sure there weren't any burly guys with wrenches
           | escorting me in, and maybe call the FBI if anything seemed
           | off.
           | 
           | And if it was still legit after that, there would be days or
           | weeks of waiting for the transfer to actually happen, during
           | which time I could call and cancel.
        
             | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
             | Also, for the rest of your life, you'd be able to get the
             | people arrested who stole the money.
             | 
             | So they'd either to kill you after, and it would be obvious
             | why, and there'd be an easy lead on who.
             | 
             | Your odds of getting away with stealing that kind of money
             | conventionally are essentially zero.
        
             | yieldcrv wrote:
             | > And if it was still legit after that, there would be days
             | or weeks of waiting for the transfer to actually happen
             | 
             | or you get a better bank to begin with
             | 
             | most banks that call their slow processes "security
             | purposes" are actually just putting up barriers to maintain
             | liquidity. the banks that go bust are the ones that got
             | clientele based on making it convenient to transfer
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | But the criminal's stolen BTC are tainted. Exchanges will
             | not accept them. procession of them is a crime
        
               | jhasse wrote:
               | Mixers will though.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | and then those bitcoin are tainted too due to association
               | with the mixer
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | How fortunate that exchanges are centralized institutions
               | that can be held accountable by law.
        
             | Marsymars wrote:
             | Alright, so I can see it as a matter of scale.
             | 
             | Recently there was a local case of someone extorting people
             | by leaving threats in the mailboxes to not burn people's
             | houses down in exchange for $1k in bitcoin.
             | 
             | But who would keep $8B in bitcoin without some protections
             | in place to ensure that it can't be easily transferred
             | away, given the associated upside/downside? That's...
             | roughly as foolish as keeping $8B in actual cash/gold/gems
             | (notwithstanding the logistical problems with the
             | size/weight) under your mattress.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | This is the other edge of that double edged sword of "no
           | regulations". It's a lot easier to steal bitcoin with no
           | consequence because there isn't an entire financial system
           | backed by people with guns to help you if you are wronged.
        
             | dist-epoch wrote:
             | You are confused. The people with guns will come for you if
             | you steal bitcoin and they know who you are.
             | 
             | > Bitcoin thief sentenced to 5 years in prison for stealing
             | $1 billion in crypto and laundering it with his social-
             | media rapper wife 'Razzlekhan'
             | 
             | https://fortune.com/crypto/2024/11/15/bitcoin-thief-
             | sentence...
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | No, he was changed with laundering.
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | > there isn't an entire financial system backed by people
             | with guns to help you if you are wronged
             | 
             | It's not the "financial system" that comes and hunts
             | criminals with guns, but police, acting based on what laws
             | they seen has been broken. And stealing $3 billion is as
             | illegal if it was Bitcoins, as if it was Euro or USD.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | There are essentially no criminals that are stealing
               | crypto where the police will have jurisdiction. It's main
               | use case outside of speculation is committing
               | international fraud and theft with no consequences.
        
               | hnaccount_rng wrote:
               | The point isn't about a change of legality. It's about a
               | change of enforceability! In the normal regulated
               | financial system _every_ entity you can interact with is
               | known to someone who is a) good at keeping paper traces
               | and b) extremely motivated to provide them, given
               | appropriate motivation, i.e. a properly formed request by
               | authorised parties. And that limits the number of times
               | you can do anything scammy to "few" before you need to
               | switch identities
               | 
               | So in your scenario: The 3 billion will reappear at some
               | point and they will raise flags. And at that point there
               | is a convenient rendezvous point between law enforcement
               | and the perpetrators. And we can all quibble about
               | whether the authorisation is appropriate or not (not all
               | "requests" are requests and most won't even need anything
               | close to a court order). But it's damn convenient to
               | follow the money
        
           | bravesoul2 wrote:
           | What does Micheal Saylor do?
        
         | sampl3username wrote:
         | You just need to swap them for monero and then monero for
         | litecoin or bitcoin again. Now you have anonymous, untraceable
         | coins.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | I doubt there's enough liquidity to swap that kind of
           | money...
        
           | drexlspivey wrote:
           | Monero daily volume is like $50m lol
        
           | cedws wrote:
           | Not quite that simple, that's vulnerable to an Eve-Alice-Eve
           | attack. If $1B in BTC moves around in short succession the
           | TXs can be linked easily. You need a mixer that splits up the
           | amount to be paid out, and even then it needs to be done
           | piecemeal.
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | Do all outputs from exchange are automatically trusted?
             | Seems like any should be tainted forever. Or is it
             | impossible to tell whats from mixer?
        
               | cedws wrote:
               | There are companies (Chainalysis) that track blockchains
               | and 'grade' wallets according to who they've transacted
               | with. If enough of a wallet's funds are from a mixer it
               | may be scored a grade lower than the exchange's KYC rules
               | allow to do business with.
        
           | udev4096 wrote:
           | Someone actually did that, a few months ago. 320M in BTC was
           | converted to monero and the price of monero increased by 50%
           | [0]
           | 
           | [0] - https://slashdot.org/story/25/04/28/198238/monero-
           | likely-pum...
        
       | creatonez wrote:
       | > Satoshi-era
       | 
       | Not true in the slightest. Satoshi was already gone by 2010, and
       | in 2011 there were ~8000 transactions per day from folks outside
       | of Satoshi's circle.
        
         | udev4096 wrote:
         | What? Satoshi's last publicly known email was on April, 2011 to
         | Gavin [0], stating the following:
         | 
         | "I wish you wouldn't keep talking about me as a mysterious
         | shadowy figure, the press just turns that into a pirate
         | currency angle. Maybe instead make it about the open source
         | project and give more credit to your dev contributors; it helps
         | motivate them."
         | 
         | Also, let's not forget, it took BTC ~1.5 years to gain any
         | amount of traction at all. Nakamoto was in for a long run and
         | his sudden disappearance is always going to be mysterious
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.bitcoin.com/satoshi-archive/emails/gavin-
         | andrese...
        
       | MaxPock wrote:
       | It pains me because I learnt about bitcoin way back in 2010 and
        
         | sixQuarks wrote:
         | I learned about it here, but everyone said it was a scam and
         | not to buy
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | A superposition of wrong and right if there ever was one.
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | Easy to kick yourself in retrospect but if we could see the
             | future we'd all be millionaires. AAPL was $0.28 in 2002
             | (adjusted for splits, something like $12 at the time).
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | It is still a scam. Its just that critical mass of delusional
           | people bought into it like Gamestop or Tesla stock. Even
           | super obvious scams like Nikola take years to register price
           | wise.
        
           | charlieyu1 wrote:
           | I learned about it from my friend, but couldn't bother with
           | downloading a wallet client and mining etc
        
         | pixelpoet wrote:
         | ... and? What is happening with people's attention span?
        
           | AndrewDucker wrote:
           | You're supposed to be able to fill in the second half of the
           | sentence based on context. They consider it to be obvious
           | from the first half.
        
             | pixelpoet wrote:
             | They must be an expert in number theory. I have a marvelous
             | continuation of this sentence which
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | You probably would have sold or lost them anyway. Probably a
         | tiny percentage of people from 2011 still held
        
           | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
           | As someone who has been into crypto since 2012 and isn't
           | rich, yep
        
         | toenail wrote:
         | Why pain? Bitcoin is still there for you.
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | Personally I think that this can be considered on the "bug" side
       | of Bitcoin's finite number coins: if, over time, they are lost,
       | then there's a smaller quantity+ of currency that is useable to
       | actually do stuff with.
       | 
       | This can make the 'rate of deflation' that occurs worse:
       | 
       | * https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Deflationary_spiral
       | 
       | * https://isps.yale.edu/news/blog/2014/06/the-perils-of-bitcoi...
       | 
       | * https://crypto.bi/deflationary/
       | 
       | + I am aware of satoshis.
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | When I listen to Bitcoin discussions, one of the advantages
         | people bring up is that there is a limited number of it and you
         | can't just "print" more.
         | 
         | Considering this, while it is true that all this makes
         | deflation worse, I'd assume most bitcoin hodlers would not mind
         | this.
        
           | doublerabbit wrote:
           | What happens when all bitcoin is mined, societal collapse?
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | It will go from the near totality of people acquiring their
             | bitcoins through purchase to actual totality.
        
             | Hamuko wrote:
             | We have other coins too.
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _When I listen to Bitcoin discussions, one of the
           | advantages people bring up is that there is a limited number
           | of it and you can't just "print" more._
           | 
           | Which can limit economic growth. When money was based the
           | amount of gold available, there were long periods of economic
           | stagnation because of liquidity issues:
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Depression
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Bullion_Famine
           | 
           | The stagnation only ended when new sources of shiny rocks
           | were found (California; New World).
           | 
           | I find it a dumb idea what whether or not people can get
           | credit to start/expand businesses would be dependent of
           | solving math problems. Yes, credit creation can be "too easy"
           | and become a problem, but making it "too hard" (or
           | physically/mathematically impossible) is even more dumb.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | >there were long periods of economic stagnation
             | 
             | During the "long depression" GDP was still growing at 3-4%
             | so it was hardly stagnation.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | > _During the "long depression" GDP was still growing at
               | 3-4% so it was hardly stagnation._
               | 
               | I don't know of many things that are viewed positively
               | that have been given a label with "depression" in it.
               | 
               | > _Figures from Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz show
               | net national product increased 3 percent per year from
               | 1869 to 1879 and real national product grew at 6.8
               | percent per year during that time frame.[32] However,
               | since between 1869 and 1879 the population of the United
               | States increased by over 17.5 percent,[33] per capita NNP
               | growth was lower. Following the end of the episode in
               | 1879, the U.S. economy would remain unstable,
               | experiencing recessions for 114 of the 253 months until
               | January 1901.[34]_
               | 
               | > _The dramatic shift in prices mauled nominal wages - in
               | the United States, nominal wages declined by one-quarter
               | during the 1870s,[14] and as much as one-half in some
               | places, such as Pennsylvania.[35] Although real wages had
               | enjoyed robust growth in the aftermath of the American
               | Civil War, increasing by nearly a quarter between 1865
               | and 1873, they stagnated until the 1880s, posting no real
               | growth, before resuming their robust rate of expansion in
               | the later 1880s.[36] The collapse of cotton prices
               | devastated the already war-ravaged economy of the
               | southern United States.[17]_
               | 
               | > _Thousands of American businesses failed, defaulting on
               | more than a billion dollars of debt.[35] One in four
               | laborers in New York were out of work in the winter of
               | 1873-1874[35] and, nationally, a million became
               | unemployed.[35]_
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Depression#United_St
               | ates
               | 
               | Seems like a grand-ol time.
        
               | ghghgfdfgh wrote:
               | If Congress had not demonetized silver in 1873, the
               | metal's decreasing value would have curbed the deflation
               | of the time. I believe that this was one of the US
               | Government's greatest mistakes ever, because the reaction
               | to the economic crisis in the 1870's had a profound
               | effect on the failure of Reconstruction. Friedman wrote a
               | paper on this, called "The Crime of 1873."
        
             | fpoling wrote:
             | In US in 19th century stocks of banks that went bankrupt
             | were used as a sort of paper money to solve the problem of
             | money availability.
             | 
             | So the finite amount of base money would just mean that
             | derivative products would be used as practical money.
        
             | mindcandy wrote:
             | > I find it a dumb idea what whether or not people can get
             | credit to start/expand businesses would be dependent of
             | solving math problems.
             | 
             | That's quite a mischaracterization. We can at least agree
             | that Bitcoin's supply is set up to increase at a pre-set
             | rate over time. The math problems are the means to enforce
             | that rate. Not the controlling factor.
        
           | strogonoff wrote:
           | It is under-appreciated that inflation actually is desirable
           | in a working economy.
           | 
           | Look at it this way. If your money (in money form) is worth
           | less tomorrow than today, you are incentivised to spend it,
           | thus fueling economic activity of all sorts (from going out
           | and buying a drink to buying a car, traveling, investing). If
           | your money is worth more tomorrow, then you are incentivised
           | to tighten your belt and not spend for as long as you can. At
           | scale, this negatively affects production, economic mobility,
           | and so forth; the rich get richer and hoard the money. I do
           | not believe any of today's economies can be healthy and
           | competitive (or even functional) with a deflationary
           | currency.
        
             | mkleczek wrote:
             | More and more people claim this system of stimulated growth
             | is actually wrong and the root cause for global warming.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Sources who claims this, and details as to how?
               | 
               | I disagree that it is the cause.
               | 
               | The mechanism does not distinguish between "bad economic
               | activity" and "good economic activity". I.e., the same
               | mechanism applies to positive progress (carbon dioxide
               | sequestration, more expensive technology and techniques
               | reducing environmental impact, etc.), it just requires
               | proper incentive alignment and accounting for bad faith
               | actors via regulation.
               | 
               | A deflationary system with limited supply makes kings and
               | ultimately defeats itself, as your money is decreasingly
               | evidence of your effort and work and increasingly
               | evidence of you having held to it for a while. (It is
               | also a quality of the current system, but less so, and it
               | should be even less so, not more so.)
        
             | amjnsx wrote:
             | This argument falls apart when you consider technology
             | though. And even daily essentials. No one would not buy
             | food and water because they can get more in future. They
             | need it now.
             | 
             | The same goes for technology. We all know next year's
             | iPhone will be better than this year but we still buy
             | them...because we need them now.
             | 
             | I'd argue inflation's incentives are worse - the constant
             | need to invest/spend so that your money doesn't lose value.
             | It means money flows into anything and everything like
             | zombie companies, over consumption, property. Those on the
             | poorest end are just trapped because as soon as they get
             | any money it starts depreciating.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | > We all know next year's iPhone will be better than this
               | year but we still buy them
               | 
               | Next year's iPhone will not only be better, but also
               | (even with the same price tag) cost more, inflation-
               | adjusted. That factors into the decision to buy now.
               | 
               | > I'd argue inflation's incentives are worse - the
               | constant need to invest/spend so that your money doesn't
               | lose value.
               | 
               | It is a problem when it is at extreme, like in unstable
               | countries where money can be a liability to unhealthy
               | degree. However, I'd argue it _should_ be a liability to
               | a smaller degree.
               | 
               | What you highlight is the ever-present conflict between
               | personal benefit and societal benefit. _Obviously_ for an
               | individual it is more preferable that the value of their
               | money increases; I would never argue that. However, for
               | society as a whole it is more preferable if the value of
               | money decreases at a stable rate.
               | 
               | Perhaps this is why all major economies settled on the
               | idea that an amount inflation is crucial to have.
        
               | amjnsx wrote:
               | I do not buy into the idea that "everyone did it then it
               | must have been a good idea".
               | 
               | We've already seen the negative side of fiat currencies
               | in how they eventually collapse (Zimbabwe, Venezuela,
               | Argentina) and even in more developed countries wages
               | have not kept up with inflation. Money is trending to
               | zero People are trending to destitution.
               | 
               | We saw it recently in the UK - where public sector
               | workers were not given pay rises because the government
               | argued it would fuel inflation. So how does that even
               | make sense.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Let's continue this discussion when you show me a
               | successful economy with a deflationary currency.
               | 
               | The only reason you can provide examples of failed states
               | with inflationary currencies is because _all currencies
               | are inflationary_. This is not a coincidence, perhaps
               | because deflation does not correlate with things going
               | well. For some famous examples of deflations, read on The
               | Great Depression in US and Lost Decades in Japan.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | The US currencies were either literal precious metals, or
             | gold-backed and/or silver-backed, throughout the 19th
             | century until the Great Depression, except for a couple of
             | brief suspensions. Consequently the average rate of
             | inflation was zero. That was the period that it went from a
             | fractious group of rebel colonies to the center of world
             | economic development. So, while I'm sympathetic to the idea
             | that a fiat currency with a predictable inflation rate
             | might stimulate the economy, I think you are making an
             | unjustifiably strong case for it.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Britain coming off the gold standard made the pound more
               | competitive. Prior to that, when pound was backed by
               | metals, they increasingly suffered high unemployment,
               | runs on gold and everything.
               | 
               | In the US it was nothing good either after a few years
               | since WWI: manufacturing fell, unemployment rose[0], etc.
               | I guess it did not help that Britain ended the gold
               | standard which helped their exports, and US adopted
               | protectionist policy which tanked its trade. I don't need
               | to retell this all but basically the depression ended
               | with the US abandoning the gold standard and entering
               | controlled inflation.
               | 
               | Perhaps the reason for these rosy takes on deflationary
               | currencies in the US is that not many people are still
               | alive who lived through the depression...
               | 
               | By the way, the US did suspend the gold standard during
               | WWI. Why, you ask? Well, it so happened that some debt
               | was due, plus people from across the pond were selling
               | stocks in US companies, and so what happens at that point
               | (when you don't have much monetary control) is ships full
               | of US gold floating off into the misty ocean.
               | 
               | Correct me if I am wrong, of course.
               | 
               | [0] "Did you know that every 1% the unemployment goes up,
               | 40 000 people _die_?" -- The Big Short.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | As far as I know, you're right about those historical
               | facts, but both of us can see only a small part of the
               | picture. There are hundreds or thousands of countries in
               | the world over eight thousand years since money was
               | invented, and we've discussed a 225-year period in two of
               | them. That doesn't seem like good justification for
               | strong generalizations.
        
             | rufus_foreman wrote:
             | >> If your money is worth more tomorrow, then you are
             | incentivised to tighten your belt and not spend for as long
             | as you can. At scale, this negatively affects production,
             | economic mobility, and so forth
             | 
             | By your logic, bonds are bad for the economy.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Care to write more than a sentence and explain your
               | logic?
        
               | rufus_foreman wrote:
               | When you invest in bonds, they are worth more tomorrow
               | than they are today. So you would have the same incentive
               | to put off spending as long as you could as you would
               | owning a deflationary currency. If that is bad for the
               | economy when you're holding a deflationary currency, it
               | should be bad for the economy when you're holding an
               | appreciating asset.
        
             | walls wrote:
             | > the rich get richer and hoard the money
             | 
             | Well thankfully we're safe from that!
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | Definitely, if anything we need more of it, right?
        
         | spankalee wrote:
         | This is one reason why Bitcoin isn't a good currency.
         | Deflationary trends give holders a lot of incentive to keep
         | holding and never spend.
        
           | foogazi wrote:
           | You can buy a lot of pizzas with it now
        
             | cmdli wrote:
             | You can't buy a single pizza with it now. Only by
             | exchanging it for an actual, better currency
        
               | mindcandy wrote:
               | You can buy a pizza from me with Bitcoin now.
               | 
               | I'm not a vendor or even a chef. But, anything is
               | negotiable.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | Bitcoin is the world's number one store of value for
           | converting young, impressionable men's wages into thin air
           | and moving those dollars to other people instead.
           | 
           | It's a compelling rival to multi-level marketing for women in
           | that both prospects entice low-socioeconomic standing peoples
           | into thinking they are building value instead of consuming
           | it.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | It's a solid store of value. One can borrow against that held
           | BTC, and as it appreciates over time, the loan-to-value ratio
           | improves, without having to do anything. Also avoids capital
           | gains taxes since you're not spending it.
        
         | crystaln wrote:
         | Deflation is what you want for investment assets. Btc is
         | primarily a value store and commodity like gold, not a
         | currency. Deflation is a good thing when you are parking value.
        
           | mrbombastic wrote:
           | The original bitcoin whitepaper was titled: "a peer to peer
           | electronic cash system"
        
             | throw0101d wrote:
             | >> _Btc is primarily a value store and commodity like gold,
             | not a currency. Deflation is a good thing when you are
             | parking value._
             | 
             | > _The original bitcoin whitepaper was titled: "a peer to
             | peer electronic cash system"_
             | 
             | The goalposts, they move.
        
             | solumunus wrote:
             | The initial intention does not change the practical
             | reality.
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _Deflation is a good thing when you are parking value._
           | 
           | And is deflation a good or bad thing for the livelihood and
           | well-being of human beings?
           | 
           | How many people in the US has a mortgage or some kind of debt
           | (student, medical)? Inflation makes the burden of debt
           | easier, deflation makes it worse.
           | 
           | And the Top (0.)1% already has an easy enough time with
           | parking/generating value. Deflation would only help them more
           | (and make things hard for everyone under them).
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | Inflation punishes savers and rewards debtors, i.e. it
             | disincentivises the more economically productive behaviour.
        
               | thunderfork wrote:
               | Isn't saving (i.e. sitting on assets) _less_ economically
               | productive than spending? Inflation rewards productivity
               | by making productive use of money the only way to avoid
               | loss over time?
        
               | NeutralCrane wrote:
               | Saving isn't economically productive, on a societal
               | level. Spending is. Investing is.
               | 
               | Deflation inherently disincentivizes doing _anything_
               | with the currency other than sitting on it. Want to buy
               | something? You'd be better off waiting and buying it
               | tomorrow because it will be worth less in your
               | deflationary currency at that point. No one has an
               | incentive to lend their money to others to use it more
               | productively, so no growth occurs. No one buys anything,
               | producers can't sell anything, and no one can get capital
               | to start any business ventures. The sole, viable way to
               | accumulate wealth is to take the currency and stuff it
               | under the mattress.
               | 
               | This results in a society much like Europe described in a
               | Jane Austen novel, where wealth is simply inherited and
               | the upper class doesn't actually serve an economic
               | function. They just exist to perpetuate their wealth and
               | dole out subsistence wages to those who work their
               | estates and have absolutely no chance of improving their
               | station.
               | 
               | It's an inherently broken system and a perfect example of
               | Chesterton's fence by tech types assuming they know
               | better than everyone else.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | > _Inflation punishes savers and rewards debtors, i.e. it
               | disincentivises the more economically productive
               | behaviour._
               | 
               | Quite the opposite.
               | 
               | Deflation encourages hoarding of cash because it just
               | sits there and increases in value. "If you want to retain
               | the purchasing power of your money, it should participate
               | in society via investment." -- Nick Maggiulli
        
             | rufus_foreman wrote:
             | >> How many people in the US has a mortgage or some kind of
             | debt (student, medical)?
             | 
             | Approximately zero of them have debt denominated in
             | Bitcoin. Meaning that the main drawback of deflation does
             | not apply to Bitcoin.
        
         | TheDudeMan wrote:
         | Losing some bitcoin is effectively equivalent (over the long
         | term) to distributing it to all other holders (proportionally).
         | So this is fine.
        
           | nosefurhairdo wrote:
           | Which is equivalent to deflation, which parent suggests is
           | harmful to bitcoin's viability. In order to claim that "this
           | is fine" you would need to refute the claim that deflation is
           | bad.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | > Which is equivalent to deflation, which parent suggests
             | is harmful to bitcoin's viability.
             | 
             | Deflation is built into Bitcoin _by design_ and is one of
             | its most notable features regarding its coin growth
             | schedule. This pros and cons of that approach have been
             | discussed ad infinitum in the crypto community.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I wonder when did cypherpunks started to discuss this
               | kind of mechanisms for digital currency. Was it obvious
               | from day one or an idea that came later in the design
               | phases.
        
               | logicchains wrote:
               | There were early attempts at inflationary
               | cryptocurrencies too but they didn't catch on; all other
               | things being equal, people prefer to hold currencies that
               | gain value over time, not lose value.
        
               | jimkleiber wrote:
               | And the word currency, or current, implies movement, no?
               | 
               | So I think it's the issue of thinking people will use it
               | as a currency, not that it is not a valuable asset
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | The finite nature of btc, low transaction volume, and
               | increasing cost of mining made deflation a given. The
               | original designers simply did not solve this problem.
               | BTC's dominance in the crypto community suggests that
               | this trait was advantageous for BTCs growth as existing
               | holders are incentivized to add additional use
               | cases/transaction volume.
        
               | throw0101d wrote:
               | > _Was it obvious from day one or an idea that came later
               | in the design phases._
               | 
               | The Bitcoin paper came out in 2009, and the deflationary
               | criticism was already recorded in 2010:
               | 
               | * https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Deflationary_sp
               | iral&...
               | 
               | 2014 article:
               | 
               | * https://isps.yale.edu/news/blog/2014/06/the-perils-of-
               | bitcoi...
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | Cypherpunks were discussing digital gold and Austrian
               | economics in the 1990s. I wouldn't say there was any kind
               | of consensus but the ideas were out there.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Not only were they already discussing it when I joined
               | the list in 01992, cryptocurrency was a major, if
               | implicit, part of Tim May's crypto-anarchist manifesto
               | which I think he presented at Hackers in 01988: https://g
               | roups.csail.mit.edu/mac/classes/6.805/articles/cryp...
               | 
               | He wasn't specifically calling it out as having a fixed
               | money supply or even fungible tokens, though. And it
               | wasn't until Satoshi figured out how to do without a
               | central issuer like Xanadu, Digicash, or e-gold that we
               | realized it was possible. At the time that Satoshi cut
               | the knot, we were all convinced it was impossible because
               | of Zooko's Triangle.
               | 
               | Chaum founded DigiCash in 01989, incidentally, based on a
               | paper he wrote in 01982 presenting a cryptocurrency
               | design for untraceable payments, but backed with dollars
               | by a central issuer, like Tether.
               | 
               | However, there was always a strong association between
               | cypherpunks and right-libertarian free-market ideology,
               | which is where you find gold bugs and Austrian
               | economists. You may remember that one of the minor plot
               | points in _Atlas Shrugged_ was that Galt 's Gulch went
               | back to specie money (tiny pennies stamped from gold)
               | because its value wasn't dependent on government fiat.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Given the context, "this is fine" is obviously an ironic
             | reference to the cartoon dog sitting on a chair at the
             | dining room table with a mug of coffee in a burning house
             | meme.
        
               | echion wrote:
               | Normally I would say you're right, but I read the context
               | opposite to you; I read the "fine" as a straight/literal
               | statement: the author of "this is fine" is disputing the
               | author's parent's statement that "this can be considered
               | [a bug]".
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _Losing some bitcoin is effectively equivalent (over the
           | long term) to distributing it to all other holders
           | (proportionally). So this is fine._
           | 
           | To those that have, more will be given. What about those that
           | do not have?
        
             | wmf wrote:
             | Slavery.
        
           | slavik81 wrote:
           | You can't actually know if they are truly lost or not,
           | though. Any dormant wallet could reactivate at any time, just
           | like the wallets in this story.
        
         | oleganza wrote:
         | I love how people bring up deflationary spiral as a "peril"
         | while the prerequisite for it is the universal and smashing
         | success of Bitcoin.
         | 
         | The only "problem" Bitcoin poses for economies is for
         | governments to fine-tune their local economies via currency
         | production and related controls. In that sense, we should watch
         | how events unfold in Turkey.
         | 
         | * among major "regular" economies, Turkey has the highest % of
         | people holding crypto ([?]20%). Second only to special zones
         | UAE and Singapore (31%, 24%).
         | 
         | * Turkish lira is steadily inflated over the last 30-40 years,
         | well over 10% and recently over 50%.
         | 
         | * Turkey does not have mandate for pricing goods in local
         | currency: you can pay in dollars or euros, along the local
         | lira.
         | 
         | * When you enter Istanbul airport, Every. Single. Gate. is
         | marked with BTCTurk ad, inside and outside - the major crypto
         | exchange in the country.
         | 
         | * Istanbul city market is full of traders who use USDT on Tron.
         | 
         | The experiment of social game "Bitcoin" boils down to this:
         | will the people self-organize the functioning economy with
         | monetary freedom, while the gov loses its grip on it; or will
         | the economy collapse without government's regulation and
         | protective management?
        
           | ars wrote:
           | > and smashing success of Bitcoin.
           | 
           | It's a success today, we haven't gotten to when they stop
           | issuing any more, and mining is funded by transaction fees. I
           | suspect there are going to be some problems then.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | Like what? As far as I can tell, it will solidify its store
             | of value.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > _Like what? As far as I can tell, it will solidify its
               | store of value._
               | 
               | Which is the bug:
               | 
               | > _No currency should be able to buy the same basket of
               | goods over very long timespans through hoarding. If you
               | want to retain the purchasing power of your money, it
               | should participate in society via investment._
               | 
               | * https://twitter.com/dollarsanddata/status/1592651809750
               | 79833...
        
               | oleganza wrote:
               | That's a "hot take" that people take as an axiom. What if
               | it isn't? What is the precise definition of
               | "participating in society"? What level of earning and
               | spending is considered morally good and who's to decide
               | that? (Meta questions arise when discussing conflicts of
               | interest of the deciders.)
        
           | throw0101d wrote:
           | > _Turkish lira is steadily inflated over the last 30-40
           | years, well over 10% and recently over 50%._
           | 
           | Because the authoritarian government took over the previously
           | independent central bank and lowered interest rates. Higher
           | inflation was predicted by mainstream economists, and they
           | were right.
           | 
           | * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/20/turkeys-erdogan-
           | sac...
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_interventions_under_
           | E...
        
             | dialup_sounds wrote:
             | Thank God that would never happen in the US.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | This is just a convenient way to access stable western
           | currency. Having been to Russia and Argentina during their
           | worst inflation years before crypto, they solved their issues
           | by asking for US paper dollars. Crypto is just saving them
           | currency exchange fees.
           | 
           | And there's no way Turkiye is behind the value of BTC. It's
           | still driven by speculators.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | > useable to actually do stuff with
         | 
         | You mean actually buy stuff? Come on, everybody knows that BTC
         | is used mostly for speculation ...
        
         | patrickhogan1 wrote:
         | Fair point. It seems largely that bitcoin is a store of value
         | rather than a currency that you do stuff with at this point.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | I don't think that's much of an issue for usage. Since a
         | bitcoin can be divided in to 100,000,000 satoshis. There would
         | only need to be a handful of coins left accessible for the
         | system to be usable.
         | 
         | Being deflationary I agree is a problem, but not the idea that
         | there aren't enough usable coins left.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Everyone always repeats the "deflationary bad" mantra, but I
           | wonder if it really would be. Is the world really going to
           | come crashing down if people only spend on things they need
           | rather than endlessly cycling through shit they don't?
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | The concern is that capitalism allocates resources to the
             | production of socially valuable goods because corporations
             | can raise money to buy the means of production of those
             | goods before producing them by selling shares in their
             | future profits to investors who are willing to accept some
             | risk of bankruptcy in exchange for those future profits,
             | which result from consumers' rational judgment that the
             | goods are sufficiently valuable to them to be worth buying
             | at a price higher than the cost of goods sold.
             | 
             | None of the links in this chain is perfect+, but one of the
             | weaker ones is where investors are willing to accept risk.
             | A guaranteed deflationary currency is a risk-free way to
             | get a return on your investment, so companies have to offer
             | a higher rate of return, narrowing the set of goods that
             | can justify such investment.
             | 
             | But the same criticism can be leveled at Treasury bonds and
             | (to many people's minds) real estate, so I'm skeptical of
             | it, and anyway "risk-free" is not a good description of
             | Bitcoin.
             | 
             | ______
             | 
             | + Consumers knowingly buy socially harmful goods such as
             | cigarettes, they unintentionally buy worthless goods
             | because producers lie to them, investors are largely
             | speculators driven by herd mentality rather than rational
             | assessors of future returns, corporations cheat investors
             | due to principal-agent problems, and externalized costs and
             | benefits such as pollution aren't measured at all. Still,
             | it's a damn sight better at organizing economic production
             | than the Great Leap Forward, the Southern slave
             | plantations, or the medieval guilds.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | There is plenty of empirical evidence from the 1800 to
               | 1930s showing how a deflationary currency affects the
               | economy. Amongst other things getting stuck in permanent
               | boom and bust cycles wasn't that great.
               | 
               | > But the same criticism can be leveled at Treasury bonds
               | 
               | Not to the same extent. Bond returns are usually barely
               | above inflation. e.g. back in the second half of the
               | 1800s you'd get 4% interest plus 1.5-2% average yearly
               | deflation (since the economy was growing due to
               | technological progress/etc. yet money was relatively very
               | scarce).
        
             | walls wrote:
             | It's only a problem for capitalism.
        
             | jMyles wrote:
             | > Is the world really going to come crashing down if people
             | only spend on things they need rather than endlessly
             | cycling through shit they don't?
             | 
             | In broad strokes, this is perhaps the most important
             | question of environmental sustainability which stems from
             | monetary policy.
             | 
             | Second most important is the matter of how much energy is
             | spent on security (eg, in the case of bitcoin, the
             | horrifying amounts of power spent on SHA256 hashing, and in
             | the case of USD, the perhaps even more horrifying energy
             | consumption of the global petrodollar empire).
             | 
             | We spend so much deliberation on this second question that
             | we often ignore the first: what monetary policies will make
             | us chill out on the whole importing-plastic-shit-we-
             | don't-need-from-the-other-side-of-the-earth thing?
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | Perhaps also see the linked page "Top Dormant for 5 years Bitcoin
       | Addresses":
       | 
       | * https://bitinfocharts.com/top-100-dormant_5y-bitcoin-address...
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44466896
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Discussion landed in another thread (74 points, 32 comments)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44466896
        
       | dzhiurgis wrote:
       | Can they be spending sidechain coins quietly or is that visible
       | too?
        
         | tromp wrote:
         | You can visibly send BTC to the Liquid federated side-chain,
         | where amounts in txs are hidden.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | I have been saying for a decade
       | 
       | Satoshi isnt gonna move wallets 1 through 10
       | 
       | But he probably had wallet 55, 182 and 281-290 and has been
       | spending this whole time. Any founder of a crypto project can do
       | that.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | On a side note, if quantum algorithms break elliptic curve
       | cryptography, then wouldn't Satoshi's wallets and others be
       | flooding the market with coin transfers?
       | 
       | The BTC network will need to require all addresses with large
       | Bitcoin UTXOs to send them to new wallets, that are quantum-
       | resistant, by a certain date, or lose the ability to move that
       | money.
        
         | notnullorvoid wrote:
         | Someone please correct me if I'm wrong, but there's no proof
         | that a general solution to elliptic curve discrete logarithm
         | problem can't be found.
         | 
         | It's reasonable to assume that a solution hasn't been found yet
         | though, otherwise that would be the world's best kept secret.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | That's downstream of P vs NP.
        
           | xoralkindi wrote:
           | Shor's algorithm, originally designed for integer
           | factorization, can also be adapted to solve the discrete
           | logarithm problem in polynomial time on a quantum computer.
           | There is also the less efficient Grover's algorithm can also
           | be used for unstructured search problems on a quantum
           | computer.
        
             | notnullorvoid wrote:
             | I was thinking more along the lines of solving in
             | polynomial time on a conventional computer.
        
       | bix6 wrote:
       | Where did they transfer them? I see fck in a few lol.
        
       | barkingcat wrote:
       | Probably North Korea.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Price is dumping today, i wonder how much of a role this is
       | playing. those coins will be hitting an exchange likely. This has
       | always been the problem with bitcoin.. the implicit assumption is
       | that many coins are lost , but if the early adopters start
       | cashing out, prices will fall fast. Institutional buying and
       | retail is still small relative to the early adopters. There are
       | many people , miners who are quietly siting on huge fortunes.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | And it's a major US holiday, whatever that indicates.
        
       | alecsm wrote:
       | I wish I had access to my old wallet. I mined around 1.5BTC with
       | my laptop and I deleted the wallet after a while because it was
       | worthless.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | you probably would have sold it at $100 or something anyway
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | Yep. I used to pay my Dish Network bill with BTC. Youth is
           | wasted on the young and hindsight is 20/20
        
           | twright wrote:
           | This is definitely something I remind myself of for any
           | investment I sell and later on explodes. For bitcoin there
           | were way too many highs that I definitely would have sold at.
        
           | alecsm wrote:
           | I know, that's why I'd like to have the wallet now :)
           | 
           | Even if BTC hits 1 million in the future, 150k now would be
           | life changing.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | I think many others, including me, have also the same
         | experience of mining a few and then either forgetting or
         | deleting them because they thought it'd never turn out to be
         | worth anything.
        
         | qingcharles wrote:
         | Same. I mined 32 BTC circa ~2010-2011. Then I did a clean
         | install and forgot I had everything saved on the HDD and
         | nothing written down. I remember them being worth about $1 a
         | pop at the time and thought "fuck it", but I never bothered
         | minting any more.
        
         | amjnsx wrote:
         | Has it ever been worthless (post pizza guy). There's always
         | been someone who will give you some fiat for them.
        
       | andy99 wrote:
       | Most interesting to me is that people are worried about a $2B
       | transaction moving the market.
       | 
       | How does that compare to the market depth of actual currencies or
       | commodities? BTC, being objectively worthless, must be much more
       | sensitive to people wanting to sell I'd expect.
        
         | bboygravity wrote:
         | How is BTC objectively worthless (I'm guessing you mean
         | "intrinsicly worthlesss"?) as opposed to USD or other major
         | currencies?
        
           | anothernewdude wrote:
           | Other currencies get their value because the governments that
           | provide them make people pay taxes. If you want to pay the
           | tax the US government charges you, you're going to need some
           | USD - so there's guaranteed demand, and hence intrinsic
           | worth.
           | 
           | There's also other debt that the US government provides in
           | USD - which provides value as well, in the form of bonds.
           | 
           | BTC has no such driver of wealth. Except perhaps money
           | laundering/transfers without AML provisions.
        
             | nwienert wrote:
             | People value a way to store money securely in a place that
             | can't be physically robbed, that can be sent
             | internationally with low fees quickly.
             | 
             | You don't need anything else.
             | 
             | For years the haters on here would screech "but it's
             | volatile" - not really anymore. I wonder what they'll
             | decide to hate it for now, rather than changing priors.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | According to your theory, all the thousands of shitcoins
               | are valuable. But they're not.
               | 
               | There must be further reasons, then, that the price of
               | Bitcoin is so high. And they're purely sentiment, I'd
               | argue. If that changes, there's little to prevent the
               | price from going down very far very fast. Unlike fiat.
        
               | samdoesnothing wrote:
               | No, according to their theory a coin _can_ be valued for
               | its intrinsic properties, not that it _will_ be.
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | I mean i mentioned its volatility has gone down.
               | 
               | People use stablecoins as well for the same reasons.
               | Shitcoins are different.
        
             | logicchains wrote:
             | >Other currencies get their value because the governments
             | that provide them make people pay taxes
             | 
             | That's demonstrably false, because countries like Zimbabwe
             | and Venezuela experienced hyperinflation (the complete
             | devaluation of a currency) in spite of the fact that their
             | governments were still forcing people to pay taxes with
             | those currencies. So clearly that alone is not enough to
             | provide intrinsic worth to a currency.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | The reason for that devaluation is that trust was eroded.
               | GP's premise is correct, that fiat has value because of
               | governments, but the reasoning here is not fully correct.
               | The value is in the trust that the government and the
               | institutions will continue to function properly.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | Countries like Zimbabwe and Venezuela printed those
               | currencies in vast quantities to pay bills _instead_ of
               | raising [most of] that money through taxes. Taxes owed in
               | previous quarters were worthless compared with the new
               | trillion dollar notes Zimbabwe 's central bank issues to
               | pay government officials, and most private transactions
               | were black market so they weren't seeing them returned in
               | taxes. Zimbabwe and Venezuela are the defining example of
               | how a currency which isn't backed by mountains of debt
               | and taxes is reliant entirely on speculators'
               | confidence...
        
             | andy99 wrote:
             | Yeah bitcoin is (at best[0]) a kind of consensual
             | hallucination, worth something because people believe it
             | is. Fiat is someone with a Navy telling you it's worth
             | money, it's very different.
             | 
             | [0] in practice there's a difference between the idea of a
             | distributed digital currency and the ponzi schemes they
             | give rise to I'm real life. Bitcoin is some greater fool
             | thing, it's not a medium of exchange.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | This doesn't explain why the currencies of different
             | countries behave differently.
             | 
             | In my view, money is a technology. People use a technology
             | if they find it to be useful. I know this sounds circular,
             | but bear with me. A "major" currency is designed to be
             | useful as a medium of exchange, temporary store of value,
             | and tool of government economic policy. For it to serve
             | these purposes, a government has to moderate its own
             | behavior to some extent.
             | 
             | Thus my view is that the value of a major currency is
             | based, not on the expectation of paying taxes in the
             | future, but on more general expectations of the future
             | behavior of the government.
             | 
             | With that said, paying taxes is good use for money that's a
             | short term store of value, because you rarely need to hold
             | onto your tax money for more than a year before paying it.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | It's not backed by a government, and while some may say
           | that's a good thing, I think it is not.
           | 
           | Without institutional backing, crypto is just a number in a
           | database that people agree is worth something--for now.
           | 
           | If that collective belief evaporates, there's no court, no
           | army, no tax base, and no GDP to catch it. Contrast this with
           | fiat currency, which--while not backed by gold--is backed by
           | coercive power and taxation.
           | 
           | Let's start from something even more fundamental. How do you
           | bootstrap trust? Suppose two pseudonymous entities online
           | want to exchange money for services. Such a system will
           | likely need a reputation system to establish the
           | trustworthiness of entities. That system needs to be tolerant
           | to Sybil attacks (i.e., forging multiple identities), while
           | also ensuring the service provider isn't exploited by a buyer
           | who refuses to pay after receiving the work.
           | 
           | But this exposes a deeper issue: trust cannot be bootstrapped
           | from scratch. It needs either:                   A shared
           | history (which pseudonyms lack),              An external
           | authority (which decentralization avoids), or              A
           | system of credible, enforceable consequences (which requires
           | identity or stake).
           | 
           | Without these, any trust system collapses into a prisoner's
           | dilemma. Each actor is incentivized to defect (cheat) unless:
           | There's a future cost to cheating (reputation loss that
           | matters),              There's a benefit to cooperation over
           | time (e.g. recurring jobs),              Or there's a
           | credible mechanism to enforce fairness (e.g. escrow and
           | arbitration).
           | 
           | But even escrow only works when dispute resolution is
           | possible and trusted. And dispute resolution requires either
           | a neutral arbitrator (who must have their own identity and
           | incentives) or hard-coded, binary rules, which rarely capture
           | the complexity of creative or service work.
           | 
           | More fundamentally, trust-based systems are built on
           | recursive assumptions:                   You trust X because
           | X has a good rep.              X has a good rep because
           | others say so.              You trust those others
           | because...?
           | 
           | Eventually, without a root of trust--whether a state, a
           | court, a verified identity, or long-standing social capital--
           | the entire structure becomes circular. There's no ground
           | truth. Just reputation built on sand.
           | 
           | And so, the real limitation isn't crypto per se--it's that
           | trustless systems don't exist. At best, we shift trust: from
           | institutions to code, from names to keys, from legal
           | consequences to probabilistic deterrents. But the requirement
           | for trust itself never goes away.
           | 
           | In a pseudonymous setting, the cost of betrayal is minimal. A
           | buyer can stiff a seller and vanish. A seller can deliver
           | garbage or nothing. Reputation can be reset at will unless
           | there's an expensive cost to identity creation or a strongly
           | linked personal history--which violates pseudonymity.
           | 
           | Thus, bootstrapping trust in such environments is not just
           | technically hard--it is philosophically incoherent without
           | compromising at least one of the pillars: privacy,
           | decentralization, or enforceability.
           | 
           | It follows that if you can't bootstrap trust, you can't
           | bootstrap anything that depends on it--including money.
           | Money, at its core, is a social contract, a belief system
           | upheld by collective trust. We accept currency in exchange
           | for goods or services because we trust that others will
           | accept it from us in turn. That belief is reinforced by
           | institutional structures: central banks, governments, legal
           | systems, and ultimately, enforcement mechanisms.
           | 
           | But the moment that trust breaks down, the system unravels.
           | If people no longer trust that their money will hold value
           | tomorrow, they will try to offload it as fast as possible,
           | converting it into hard goods, foreign currency, or anything
           | perceived as more stable. This behavior accelerates inflation
           | --sometimes catastrophically.
           | 
           | We've seen this repeatedly in history:                   In
           | Weimar Germany, the collapse of political and institutional
           | trust after WWI led to hyperinflation, with prices doubling
           | every few days.              In Zimbabwe, trust in government
           | policy collapsed alongside the economy, and the currency
           | became worthless.              In Venezuela, rampant
           | inflation was fueled not just by bad economic policy but by
           | the public's loss of faith in any institutional ability to
           | right the course.
           | 
           | The underlying mechanism is always the same: money ceases to
           | function as a store of value when the population no longer
           | trusts the system that issues and manages it. Once the shared
           | illusion cracks, even fiat currency--backed by laws, taxes,
           | and armies--can become just colored paper.
           | 
           | Now contrast that with crypto. Cryptocurrencies claim to
           | solve this by removing central authorities and placing trust
           | in mathematics and distributed consensus. But this is not
           | true trustlessness--it's merely replacing institutional trust
           | with collective belief in code and game theory. And the
           | cracks are showing: when confidence drops, as in market
           | crashes or protocol failures, value disappears just as
           | quickly--if not faster--than in fiat regimes.
           | 
           | So the uncomfortable truth is this:                   Money
           | only works if you believe it will still work tomorrow.
           | 
           | Without enforceable trust, money becomes unstable. Without
           | shared trust, money becomes meaningless.
           | 
           | And that brings us back to the core issue: you cannot build a
           | functioning economy without some root of trust. Whether that
           | root is institutional, social, or cryptographic, it must be
           | anchored, persistent, and costly to betray. If it's not, the
           | system becomes inherently fragile.
           | 
           | The reason I used pseudonymous here is exactly because we
           | assumed govs are bad. If govs are good, then crypto
           | degenerates to just a slower system for transactions.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | > Money only works if you believe it will still work
             | tomorrow.
             | 
             | Yeah. When crypto goes down, it'll be epic.
             | 
             | > If govs are good, then crypto degenerates to just a
             | slower system for transactions.
             | 
             | That's how I see crypto: an inefficient and ill-regulated
             | substitute for money, though suitable for crime. If
             | governments turn bad, stable money is just one tiny part of
             | the problem.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | The expected discounted value of all bitcoin's future cash
           | flows is zero. This is because the only cash flow that a
           | bitcoin investor can expect from an investment in bitcoins is
           | the revenue from selling the bitcoins in the market... and
           | the market value of something that has no use case and is
           | held for speculative purposes only (i.e. has no intrinsic
           | value) will tend to zero in the long run.
           | 
           | A fiat currency that is issued by the government has no
           | intrinsic value either, but there's one crucial difference
           | compared to a cryptocurrency: in the case of a government-
           | issued fiat currency the central bank will intervene the
           | market, by making use of its prerogative to conduct monetary
           | policy, to ensure price of the currency doesn't drop to zero.
        
             | amjnsx wrote:
             | And this has proven successful in many countries such as
             | Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Argentina
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Generally speaking it has been successful, more so than
               | the gold standard. It's true that sometimes states fail,
               | but that's not something a monetary system can prevent
               | from happening, or insure against.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | And the Bitcoin blockchain is just another state, with
               | just another monetary system, which you can diversify
               | into or not, and it can fail or not.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | A blockchain is not a state. A state is a political
               | entity that rules a territory through the monopoly of
               | violence.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | https://write.as/no-time-like-tomorrow/a-blockchain-is-a-
               | sta...
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Sorry to say, but you're deluded. A blockchain is made of
               | "information". Information has no coercive power. A
               | blockchain can't enforce laws. It can't stop illegitimate
               | violence. It can't perform any of the functions of a
               | state. Not even remotely.
        
               | samdoesnothing wrote:
               | Leaving the gold standard has been so successful, as
               | evidenced by the inflation crisis leading to rising cost
               | of living and housing shortages in every western country.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Inflation and a rise in the cost of living are different
               | things. Inflation means an increase in the (nominal)
               | price level, whereas the cost of living is measured in
               | _real_ prices, specifically real wages.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | A fiat currency is indeed just an accounting unit, but it
               | has some floor against falling to zero, as it can legally
               | extinguish any debt, and is needed to pay taxes.
               | 
               | Even so, sometimes they fall to basically zero. What
               | chance does crypto have when sentiment turns against it?
        
             | ur-whale wrote:
             | Your definition of "worthiness" is entirely flawed. It
             | seems to be base on some random economics textbook
             | definition of "value".
             | 
             | I am getting tired of repeating the exact same thing on HN,
             | but TL;DR:                   . there is no such thing as
             | intrinsic value, it is a fundamentally flawed concept.
             | . the only reliable tenet in economics (as in: having
             | always be observed to work) is the law of supply and
             | demand, which "value" derives from: if demand>supply, value
             | appears. End of story.              . why there is demand
             | in the first place is a many-colored and complex affair,
             | which economist recurrently (and predictably) fail to
             | analyze and forecast.
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Asset pricing theory is a well established field within
               | economics. Of course it comes down, in the end, to the
               | law of supply and demand, but that doesn't mean that we
               | have to stop here. The law of supply and demand doesn't
               | explain why there's a supply and a demand in the first
               | place.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_pricing
        
             | lrhegeba wrote:
             | My house also doesnt generate cash flow/interest by itself,
             | must have an intrinsic value of zero. Surprisingly it can
             | be used as collateral for a loan as long as other people
             | assign a (however disputable) value to it. So, of course
             | you could be right when _all_ (not just you) other people
             | decide that BTC has a value of zero. Meanwhile i use my
             | BTCs as collateral. Value is more of a social judgment, not
             | a law of nature. Hence the misconception?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Houses do generate income, called "rent". Either you rent
               | out your property and get paid an explicit rent, or you
               | live in the house in which case you get paid in kind. So,
               | bad example!
        
               | tasuki wrote:
               | Agreed. How much future cash flow does a kilogram of gold
               | generate?
               | 
               | Gold has very little "intrinsic" (industrial) value. Most
               | of its value is pure speculation. Would you say gold and
               | bitcoin are rather similar then?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | Like bitcoin, gold is too a "bubble asset", but unlike
               | bitcoin, gold is a physical object with use value and
               | limited availability.
               | 
               | The thing about gold is that its price appears to to be
               | negatively correlated with the economic cycle. Because of
               | this some people argue that it makes sense to include it
               | in a portfolio of stocks and bonds, so that the
               | volatility of the portfolio is reduced, although
               | personally I would advise against it.
        
         | monster_truck wrote:
         | It's only 0.09% of what's been mined so far. There's ~2.4T USD
         | in circulation? So pretty similar
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > being objectively worthless
         | 
         | Since we're on the topic of being objective, how is,
         | objectively, something that trades at close to 110k USD per
         | token, "worthless"?
         | 
         | I believe the word "objective" does not, objectively, have the
         | same objective meaning for everyone.
        
       | dofubej wrote:
       | The day Satoshi finally decides to move some btc around, I wonder
       | how many automatic emails, api calls, etc will be performed
       | because of so many people setting up alerts.
        
       | cedws wrote:
       | I really wonder if Satoshi's fortune is gone forever. Maybe the
       | CIA found his real identity and uncovered his keys. Dumping that
       | much BTC on the market would crash the market and probably even
       | tank other financial markets.
        
         | changoplatanero wrote:
         | Why would the cia want to crash the market?
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | the CIA actively relies on many means, including BTC, to
           | organize their activities.
        
           | swarnie wrote:
           | Why would they throw a dozen South American coups, import
           | tonnes of crack to the inner cities, conduct illegal human
           | experimentation or attempt the assassination of multiple
           | democratically elected world leaders?
           | 
           | Honestly no idea, they seem a little fash-y for any logical
           | reasoning that i can comprehend.
           | 
           | Maybe they had another insurgency to fund and didn't want it
           | going through the vast ^official^ books?
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | My theory was always that Satoshi burned the coins from the
         | beginning. There never was any fortune.
        
           | amjnsx wrote:
           | I see it as the ultimate honeypot. If those coins haven't
           | moved yet the network is secure.
        
             | monster_truck wrote:
             | I think you mean canary. Honeypots are decoys by definition
        
           | josu wrote:
           | He may have burned the keys, not the coins. The process of
           | burning the coins is by sending them to an address such as:
           | 1111111111111111111114oLvT2
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | did the rumor that Satoshi was Paul Leroux go anywhere? since
         | he is now in the hands of the intelligence services for a while
         | this could be a good explanation for Satoshi not being able to
         | access its coins.
        
         | udev4096 wrote:
         | Satoshi disappeared right after Gavin announced that he was
         | going to give a talk about bitcoin at CIA, just one of the many
         | conspiracy theories
        
       | msgodel wrote:
       | Is this why Martin Shkreli quit streaming? Did he actually crack
       | them?
        
         | fusionadvocate wrote:
         | Quantum shorts got to him first.
        
       | ProllyInfamous wrote:
       | Trivia: there are only five publicly-traded companies with
       | marketcaps larger than bitcoin's:
       | 
       | nVidia Microsoft Apple Amazon Google
       | 
       | BTC's marketcap is also larger than _all the silver in the
       | world_...
        
         | wredcoll wrote:
         | Wait til you see the market cap of the shitcoin I just
         | released!
        
         | dsp_person wrote:
         | Just a hair under google, it crossed earlier this week I think.
         | This list is fun to look at https://8marketcap.com
        
         | FabHK wrote:
         | Though their market cap is somewhat meaningful, and reflective
         | of some value created (flawed as that measure may be). Unlike
         | Bitcoin.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Bitcoin (capital B) is valuable. An individual BTC is not,
           | but that's true of any currency. We can argue until the cows
           | come home about how valuable these things _really_ are.
           | Speculation in these markets makes it too difficult to judge.
           | People will bet on these things not because they are
           | delivering lots of value to us right now or in the future,
           | but just because they think they 'll still be around in the
           | future. That gives monopolists like the ones above the
           | advantage, regardless of value delivered.
        
       | bravesoul2 wrote:
       | Might be the Pizza guy! The other thing they may have a small
       | fortune in forked coins too. Like Bitcoin Cash.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | The guy found his hd at the dump?
        
       | smeeger wrote:
       | why did i not mine bitcoin in 2010? fuck
        
         | rexpop wrote:
         | Because it's a stupid waste of resources, and you had better
         | things to do.
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | Imagine you have one of these addresses precomputed and you see
       | it in a flashed alert
       | 
       | Do you sweep to a new address or what?
       | 
       | EDIT: Hypothetically, not running on Majorana-2
        
       | HeartStrings wrote:
       | Chinese quantum computer just broke Bitcoin address.
        
         | rlt wrote:
         | What makes you think that?
        
           | udev4096 wrote:
           | They successfully broke 22 bit RSA [0], which is definitely
           | something to worry about
           | 
           | [0] - https://www.earth.com/news/china-breaks-rsa-encryption-
           | with-...
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | I was also around when bitcoin just started out. Many people
       | wanted it to be a global revolution in finance.
       | 
       | But instead it turned into a game of "hodl" to get rich.
       | 
       | Scams were openly perpetrated in the forums.
       | 
       | I became completely disillusioned. What exactly does bitcoin
       | offer the world today?
        
         | dovys wrote:
         | Speculation, get rich quick schemes and scams. They will exist
         | no matter what. At least the barrier to entry to get scammed is
         | higher with crypto than just online payments
        
           | Synaesthesia wrote:
           | No, scamming people is much easier with crypto. The
           | transactions are irreversible, for one.
        
             | akritrime wrote:
             | As it is with cash.
        
               | superjan wrote:
               | And crypto scamming is anonymous, low risk and can be
               | automated. Scamming people for cash requires you to get
               | close to each of your victims.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | Cash is backed by a government, which can coerce parties
               | into following the law.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Indeed. The Economist estimates the modern scam industry to
             | be as large as the illicit drug trade by now, around $500
             | bn annually in revenue. Enabled in large part by crypto
             | (pig butchering, ransomware, rug pulls were not a huge
             | thing before crypto).
        
           | t1E9mE7JTRjf wrote:
           | > They will exist no matter what
           | 
           | Ok, so then they're not a bitcoin thing then right?
        
         | lifty wrote:
         | A fixed supply, digital bearer asset. It's nobody's debt. Not
         | that many of those. And US debt, even though it's still the
         | predominant reserve asset, things are slowly changing. And
         | yeah, btc is still not a proper currency.
        
           | wqaatwt wrote:
           | A hyper deflationary asset cannot ever be a proper currency.
        
             | samrus wrote:
             | exactly this. these people dont understand that their own
             | speculatory practices are what makes this a terrible store
             | of value. its unstable, they even have to rely on literal
             | stable-coins but they still dont see the problem
             | 
             | for the sake of argument, is there any way to introduce
             | monetary policy into crypto currency so as to correct for
             | unwanted inflation/deflation? without compromising on its
             | decentralization promise
        
               | qqqult wrote:
               | > for the sake of argument, is there any way to introduce
               | monetary policy into crypto currency so as to correct for
               | unwanted inflation/deflation
               | 
               | yeah and you don't even need to change bitcoin - just use
               | a stablecoin over-collateralized by BTC built on the
               | bticoin network. In essence these systems work with $1 of
               | the stablecoin backed by $N dollars (N > 1.6) of the the
               | backing asset (BTC). Then they use a smart contract
               | system of price oracles, liquidations & interest rate
               | curves to balance supply, demand and risk parameters.
               | It's pretty much an over-collateralized lending protocol
               | that issues its own asset that is pegged to $1
               | 
               | This has worked well for the past 11 years with MakerDAO
               | on Ethereum and it's stablecoin DAI. I think at its peak
               | the DAI stablecoin had around $7 billion in circulation
               | and was about 5-10% the size of USDT, now it's about half
               | that. However, high treasury interest rates and low
               | interest in decentralized stablecoins have made more
               | "traditional" stablecoins like USDT, USDC vastly more
               | profitable and successful. In recent times even DAI has
               | been trying to become more like USDC and USDT with
               | treasuries held in intermediaries
        
         | adultorata wrote:
         | You can move $2 billion worth of capital PERMISSIONLESS with a
         | click of a button, the only thing you need is the private key,
         | are you being disingenuous on purpose or what?
        
           | Synaesthesia wrote:
           | Yeah that is awesome, it's great technology but it's still
           | not anywhere close to a revolution.
        
         | hx8 wrote:
         | > What exactly does bitcoin offer the world today?
         | 
         | Aside from perhaps gold, bitcoin is the most successful
         | currency in the world not associated with a central bank and
         | state.
         | 
         | It's the most liquid asset that is not issued by a central
         | bank. At any point you can issue a transaction to anyone else
         | in the world, without the possibility of a third party
         | intervention. I've had issues pulling cash out of banks, or
         | limited sizes available for money orders, or having debt/credit
         | card transactions incorrectly flagged as fraudulent and
         | blocked.
        
           | wqaatwt wrote:
           | > successful currency
           | 
           | Calling it a currency is a huge stretch. It's an extremely
           | successful token/"asset" but it's about as much as a currency
           | as gold is these days if not less (based on what most people
           | use it for).
        
             | Lerc wrote:
             | I wouldn't call it successful as a currency given its state
             | at the moment either.
             | 
             | I would say that much of the reason for that is because of
             | the perception of the currency that is widely held. It's
             | not much good because people think it's not much good. I
             | bought a few things online years ago with Bitcoin and it
             | worked pretty much the way it should, but most of those
             | places that accepted it stopped . Mostly they stopped due
             | to the public perception.
             | 
             | I do wonder if it has a chance to become useful once it is
             | old enough to not be considered interesting, and the idea
             | of holding something while it increases in value dies.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Even if places accept bitcoin they almost universally
               | price their goods in $/EUR/PS/.. meaning that bitcoin is
               | only a transfer mechanism. So it's not really a
               | "currency" in that situation either.
               | 
               | I mean if somebody accepts precious metals, jewels etc.
               | as payment in lieu of actual money that doesn't mean
               | those things suddenly become a currency.
        
               | hx8 wrote:
               | When I said "most successful" I didn't mean it was a
               | complete success, just that this is the best we've done
               | without a state. Currencies are hard, history is full of
               | them failing. Maybe when an asset is liquid enough, it
               | becomes like a currency.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Gold/silver worked reasonably well for thousands of years
               | and unlike bitcoins they functioned as an actual
               | currency.
               | 
               | Even if you can pay for stuff with bitcoin it's not a
               | currency until people actually start setting prices based
               | on it.
               | 
               | > liquid enough
               | 
               | I'm sure I could find people who would accept Apple's
               | stock in lieu of actual money, that wouldn't make it a
               | currency
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Last week I happened to visit a grocery store that accepts
             | Bitcoin payments.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | Huh. Were you in El Salvador by any chance?
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Argentina. I didn't try it because I don't have Lightning
               | set up.
        
               | MangoToupe wrote:
               | Argentina also makes sense. Solidarity.
        
               | Lerc wrote:
               | That's the case where I think it will pick up. If the
               | reason for its lack of use is perception based, then
               | instances where its utility outweighs perception will
               | gain ground.
               | 
               | There are numerous places and times around the world that
               | you can look at the situation that occurred and see that
               | Bitcoin would have been a boon had it been established at
               | that time.
               | 
               | Future instances will exist like that, and perhaps that's
               | a good enough role for it to exist on it's own. It can be
               | the candle that provides light when the power goes out.
               | 
               | The irony of course that it doesn't work if the power
               | goes out, but that's another degree of infrastructure
               | damage entirely. It might even be sufficient to ensure
               | the power doesn't go out during some crisis.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Bitcoin in particular can remain operational in extremely
               | degraded conditions.
               | 
               | Its relatively long average block interval (10 minutes)
               | and strictly limited maximum block size limit the total
               | bandwidth requirement for a full node to a few kilobits
               | per second, and you can easily run that on a laptop that
               | consumes a few watts, easily supplied from a relatively
               | inconspicuous solar panel or handheld gasoline generator
               | run at a 1% duty cycle. Blockstream supplies a satellite
               | feed of the blockchain that requires no internet
               | connection, just a groundstation that costs less than a
               | laptop and uses slightly more power.
               | 
               | Outbound bandwidth requirements from the place where the
               | power has gone out are many orders of magnitude smaller.
               | A Bitcoin transaction is a few hundred bytes, so outbound
               | bandwidth requirements for transmitting one transaction
               | at a time are a few bits per second without adding
               | significant delay, and because the transaction is valid
               | indefinitely in the absence of double-spending,
               | potentially down to a small fraction of a bit per second
               | if further delays of hours or days can be tolerated.
               | 
               | Now, it's true that power needs to stay on _somewhere_
               | for the miners to keep running, and the miners need to be
               | able to transmit their mined blocks to the rest of the
               | network fast enough to avoid many orphaned forks, which
               | requires bursts of somewhat higher bandwidth. But keeping
               | the power on somewhere is much more likely than keeping
               | it on everywhere.
               | 
               | I don't understand LN2 well enough to do this kind of
               | analysis on it, but I'd expect it to be less tolerant of
               | such extreme infrastructure degradation.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | - It's not a currency.
           | 
           | - It can absolutely blocked by third parties (either the
           | exchange you use or the mining cartels can).
           | 
           | - in practice its liquidity is tied to the liquidity of the
           | "stablecoins" (USDT and the likes) and as such it's not "the
           | most liquid" since the liquidity of those stablecoins is
           | higher.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | I don't use an exchange, and the mining pools (which are
             | not cartels) cannot block a transaction, only delay it
             | until a different pool mines a block, typically ten minutes
             | later. I don't think this sort of intervention by a pool
             | has ever been observed.
             | 
             | The stablecoins you mention are arguably more liquid than
             | Bitcoin, but, except for DAI, they're issued by central-
             | bank-like institutions such as Binance and Coinbase. You're
             | right that they're not officially central banks, but that
             | just means you get all the drawbacks of central banks
             | without the advantages.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | Without an exchange your bitcoin is not a liquid asset,
               | it's even less liquid than most commodity for which there
               | are digital exchange marketplace. You can sell it over
               | the counter, but that makes it an asset comparable to
               | real estate in terms of liquidity.
               | 
               | The fact that the pools haven't intervene until now
               | doesn't change the fact that they can definitely do it,
               | and would if pressured by governments. Economic sanctions
               | using the US dollar weren't a thing until they were.
               | 
               | And you only need to have leverage against 50% of the
               | mining power to make that happen, which is pretty
               | straightforward given how centralized the power structure
               | of bitcoin is (although less centralized than for most
               | crypto, for which the developer has full control).
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | The other day I walked up to a newsstand and asked the
               | newsguy if he wanted to buy US$100 of Bitcoin. He said
               | sure, checked the price, did some calculations on his
               | cellphone, and proposed an amount including a commission
               | for him. I agreed, scanned his QR code on my phone, and
               | posted my transaction to the network. I walked to a
               | nearby shopping mall to pee, and then saw that the
               | transaction was confirmed. I walked back to the
               | newsstand. He handed me a US$100 bill.
               | 
               | I didn't sign anything, make any appointments, buy any
               | insurance, walk into any offices, present any
               | identification, or even tell the guy my name. The total
               | time involved was about 20 minutes, but only because I
               | wasn't using Lightning. I had a similarly informal and
               | short, but more argumentative, experience with the
               | previous transaction, at a winery whose owner loudly
               | insisted that he hadn't received the money... until he
               | realized he was checking the wrong phone.
               | 
               | You are so full of shit comparing this to a real estate
               | transaction that I am at a loss for words. You're about
               | as full of shit as the winery guy. He, too, was
               | blathering all sorts of nonsense at me about Bitcoin that
               | showed he didn't have the faintest idea what he was
               | talking about.
               | 
               | The scenario you're talking about is a 51% attack where
               | big mining pools collude to ensure that nobody else can
               | ever mine a block (because it might allow the laundering
               | of tainted coins). That would be a global and extremely
               | obvious disaster for the Bitcoin network, and it would be
               | remedied by whatever measures were necessary to end the
               | attack, possibly including a hard fork or strategic
               | bombing.
               | 
               | Remember that the world's investor class now has 2
               | trillion dollars tied up in Bitcoin, and they do not want
               | to see it collapse, and such a successful attack would
               | greatly undercut investor confidence in the value of the
               | asset. The Bitcoin crowd has enough pull that they
               | extracted a pardon for Ross Ulbricht and got a friendly
               | SEC head this year. Even before that, when one or another
               | pool would grow to the point where it might be able to
               | mount a 51% attack, it would get hit by DDoS attacks to
               | bring it down.
               | 
               | You're comparing that to a bank declining a credit card
               | transaction because you're in another city.
               | 
               | Governments have been pressuring Bitcoin miners for over
               | 15 years; it's outright illegal in many countries. The
               | hashrate dropped by more than half when the PRC outlawed
               | Bitcoin mining. The effect on the functioning of the
               | network has been pretty much undetectable.
        
               | Imustaskforhelp wrote:
               | See people like you are the reason why I wouldn't even
               | want to ever invest in bitcoin because atleast you, are
               | so full of yourself that you called someone full of shit
               | just because he said that bitcoin is highly illiquid
               | which is true.
               | 
               | Your personal experience may be different and we are
               | willing to hear it but don't treat it as the final truth.
               | I am pretty sure that it was damn awkward asking.
               | 
               | Here I am in my country where I don't even ask for UPI
               | payments to cash because its sometimes awkward and this
               | guy is loading bitcoin of all things and saying its
               | liquid lmaoo and like if it wasn't awkward.
               | 
               | Saying truth cut you so bad that you had to bad mouth the
               | other person for the sake of it. Grow up at this point,
               | man. This is highly against everything the ethos of
               | hacker-news stands for.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | I hope your social anxiety problems improve, but I can
               | assure you I don't share them, as you have assumed I do.
               | It sounds like you also might not understand what the
               | word "liquidity" means in a financial context.
               | 
               | What "cuts" me is not people uttering uncomfortable
               | truths but people confidently spewing total bullshit with
               | evidently no concern for its truth-value or even
               | verisimilitude. It's even worse when it seems to be
               | motivated by partisan struggle, as in this case. Both
               | confident bullshit and partisan struggle are enormously
               | corrosive to the collective epistemic endeavor.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > He handed me a US$100 bill.
               | 
               | Seems like an extremely inconvenient process and it's
               | unlikely you'd easily find that many people to agree to
               | this unless without a significant premium (>5-10%).
               | 
               | Also $100 is not a lot.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | I can't imagine what process of transferring cash could
               | be _less_ inconvenient than someone handing me a small
               | piece of paper? And the commission was less than 5%.
               | 
               | The fact that it wasn't a lot is precisely why this is a
               | good example of Bitcoin being more liquid than real
               | estate. You can't sell US$100 of real estate, not even
               | here in Argentina.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > can't imagine
               | 
               | Really? You can't imagine any process which would take
               | 40x less time than 20 minutes?
               | 
               | Sure bitcoin is more liquid than real estate. That's
               | rather obvious and not a particularly high bar. It's not
               | particularly liquid compared to actual money or many
               | other financial instruments though.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | You seem to be selectively quoting me in a way calculated
               | to give the false impression that I said something
               | obviously false instead of what I actually did say, which
               | was obviously true. What motivates this extremely
               | discourteous behavior?
               | 
               | Rebutting the grandparent's claim that Bitcoin was no
               | more liquid than real estate was one of the main
               | objectives of my comment. I am glad that you agree that
               | their claim is obviously false, but I think it's
               | unfortunate that you didn't respond to their comment to
               | say so.
               | 
               | I agree that Bitcoin is less liquid than dollars, which
               | is why I was making the exchange, actually. For other
               | financial instruments, it depends on who you are, and
               | whether you have an account with a stockbroker. You can't
               | open an Interactive Brokers trading account with US$100,
               | and it's going to be challenging if you are in Venezuela.
               | You are going to have a hard time finding newsstands that
               | will accept your SPY shares, but they are more liquid
               | than Bitcoin in the sense that, given that IB account,
               | you pay much less to convert them into dollars even if
               | you have to cross the spread, and if you're willing to
               | wait 20 minutes, you have an excellent chance of earning
               | the spread instead of paying it.
               | 
               | But none of that compares for convenience with a guy
               | handing me a US$100 bill.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > that Bitcoin was no more liquid than real estate
               | 
               | You did take something that was clearly a hyperbole very
               | literally.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | I notice you haven't answered my question. What motivated
               | you to treat me in this extremely discourteous way?
               | 
               | We're talking about this quote:
               | 
               | > _Without an exchange your bitcoin is not a liquid
               | asset, it 's even less liquid than most commodity for
               | which there are digital exchange marketplace. You can
               | sell it over the counter, but that makes it an asset
               | comparable to real estate in terms of liquidity._
               | 
               | There is nothing in the tone of this utterance that
               | suggests that it's joking, sarcastic, or hyperbolic; it's
               | a series of apparently serious, sincere, literal claims
               | which simply happen to be completely unrelated to
               | reality.
        
           | raggles wrote:
           | I don't really follow bitcoin, but last I checked over 75% of
           | block confirmations came from the top 3-5 mining pools. That
           | seems a hell of a lot more centralized than the traditional
           | finance system.
        
             | cyphertruck wrote:
             | The traditional finance system is that a single central
             | bank, owned by a cartel of rich banks- chase, jpm, etc--
             | issue the currency, charge us to use it and get first dibs
             | on the benefits of monetary inflation -- google "cantillon
             | effect".
             | 
             | The now much more diverse mining space is much better than
             | completely centralized in one entity current system.
             | 
             | And bitcoin community has a way of working to fix
             | weaknesses wherever they find it... there is active
             | campaigns to diversify mining, as you pointed out those are
             | pools-- and pools are being made obsolete. behind those
             | pools are thousands or tens of thousands of mining
             | operators, of all sizes, as it's viable at industrial as
             | well as individual scale-- many use it to heat their house
             | for less than the alternative, the earnings don't have to
             | cover the full cost to be beneficial to people.
        
               | Shaanie wrote:
               | FED is owned by private corporations?..
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | OP mixed the "central bank" as an unique one (it doesn't
               | exists, although MFI could be representative for the
               | west) and the multiple national ones (FED for the US).
               | They arguments doesn't hold as the national ones creates
               | money and the are much more numerous and diverse in
               | interest around the world than the ~5 bitcoin pools
               | mentioned ahead.
               | 
               | The FED is quite powerful and US strongly influence many
               | other banks but that's by situation, not by design.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Same could be said for the large bitcoin pools. That
               | happened to come about by situation, not by design.
        
               | HumanOstrich wrote:
               | Reading your comments is rather painful with all the
               | typos. I recommend improving your typing and proofreading
               | habits.
        
               | aziaziazi wrote:
               | May you point them out? Not English native and I'll be
               | glad to improvise my writing.
        
               | Matthyze wrote:
               | Googling "Cantillon Effect" gives suprisingly few
               | results. Out of the top five results, two are Bitcoin-
               | related, one is Reddit, and one is the Wikipedia page of
               | Richard Cantillon himself.
               | 
               | The top comment on /r/AskEconomics is:
               | 
               |  _" The cantillon effect doesn't really exist in any
               | significant capacity. Central banks nowadays announce
               | their actions well ahead of time, that means before the
               | actual expansion of the money supply, people know this
               | expansion will happen, and markets price in that
               | expansion. So there really isn't much benefiting from
               | being "early"._
               | 
               |  _Beyond that there really isn 't much empirical evidence
               | on the cantillon effect to exist in any significant
               | capacity."_
               | 
               | Since I know little about this topic I'd appreciate HN's
               | view.
        
               | zer00eyz wrote:
               | Cantillon's essay is not terribly difficult of a read and
               | the "Cantillon Effect" has to be the least interesting
               | part of it. It and Smiths Wealth of Nations are both free
               | on the web and well worth the read.
        
               | whoknowsidont wrote:
               | What is the point you're trying to make?
        
               | Angostura wrote:
               | Your claim is that European, Canadian, UK, Australian
               | central banks are 'owned by Chase, JPM etc'?
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | Nonsense. While thousands of commercial banks are
               | formally shareholders of the 12 (not one) Federal Reserve
               | Banks,
               | 
               | > the "ownership" of the Reserve Banks by the commercial
               | banks is symbolic; they do not exercise the proprietary
               | control associated with the concept of ownership nor
               | share, beyond the statutory dividend, in Reserve Bank
               | "profits." ... Bank ownership and election at the base
               | are therefore devoid of substantive significance, despite
               | the superficial appearance of private bank control that
               | the formal arrangement creates.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve#Legal_statu
               | s_o...
               | 
               | See also https://www.atlantafed.org/about/federal-
               | reserve-system/just...
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | > That seems a hell of a lot more centralized than the
             | traditional finance system
             | 
             | Most countries/systems have one central bank, even if we
             | assume there are only 2 mining pools and they "control the
             | network", wouldn't a central bank still be more
             | centralized?
             | 
             | Besides, the mining pools don't "own" the network, anyone
             | can participate, which kind of makes the whole "more
             | centralized than a central bank" argument kind of weak.
        
               | raggles wrote:
               | Right, but bitcoin is global, not just for one country.
               | And while anyone can participate in theory, in practice
               | the big mining pools always get their first. And if a
               | quorum of mining pools gets together, they can fork the
               | blockchain or do all sorts of other shit. Without those
               | mining pools confirming transactions you can't even spend
               | your bitcoin. As a functional currency, I just can't see
               | how this is any better, like in any way. Probably why it
               | hasn't actually become a functional currency and is just
               | a traded commodity that everyone is hoping like hell
               | won't crash and burn one day.
        
           | MangoToupe wrote:
           | > currency
           | 
           | Well given that you basically can't spend bitcoin anywhere,
           | it's definitely not a currency.
        
             | diggan wrote:
             | > Well given that you basically can't spend bitcoin
             | anywhere
             | 
             | Grand statement coming from someone who hasn't been
             | _everywhere_.
        
             | tim333 wrote:
             | I did manage to use some to buy an eSIM. Still not a very
             | good currency.
        
           | anileated wrote:
           | The difference between a currency and store of value is not
           | an exact line, but however vague that line is it is somewhat
           | clear on which side Bitcoin is, and it is not the currency
           | side.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | > At any point you can issue a transaction to anyone else in
           | the world, without the possibility of a third party
           | intervention.
           | 
           | With KYC and other regulations ramping up, how true is this
           | in practice?
           | 
           | I guess you can get some of that benefit with a wallet only
           | you control. But most folks can barely handle using a
           | custodial wallet.
           | 
           | Transactions are also public by default, for better and
           | worse.
        
           | mystified5016 wrote:
           | Almost nobody uses it as a currency. The _vast_ majority of
           | people cannot buy daily goods, food, gas with bitcoin.
           | 
           | It is an _investment vehicle_ , not a functional currency.
           | For most people you can't use it as a currency if you tried.
        
           | jowea wrote:
           | > It's the most liquid asset that is not issued by a central
           | bank. At any point you can issue a transaction to anyone else
           | in the world, without the possibility of a third party
           | intervention. I've had issues pulling cash out of banks, or
           | limited sizes available for money orders, or having
           | debt/credit card transactions incorrectly flagged as
           | fraudulent and blocked.
           | 
           | Issuing a transaction may be easy, but I don't think that's
           | meaningful when people get hit with issues similar to
           | "pulling cash out of banks, or limited sizes available for
           | money orders, or having debt/credit card transactions
           | incorrectly flagged as fraudulent and blocked" on the on and
           | off-ramps.
        
         | karel-3d wrote:
         | You can get rich by... having it
         | 
         | Sort of like gold I guess.
         | 
         | I have never figured out "lightning network", their "solution"
         | for payments. (bitcoin payments are so impractical that they
         | have a different, separate system to use for actual payments,
         | that works completely differently.) Seems very convoluted. I
         | need to pay a huge fee just to make a channel so I can receive
         | anything? And there is something about liquidity? I implemented
         | bitcoin stuff and still cannot figure lightning out.
         | 
         | bitcoin is mainly for buying it and looking at a chart.
        
           | omnee wrote:
           | You can't get rich with gold. And haven't been able to for a
           | long long time. It usually preserves wealth due to its long
           | term real rate of return of around zero. But as BTC is new
           | enough, the early owners have indeed become very rich.
        
           | p2detar wrote:
           | > bitcoin is mainly for buying it and looking at a chart
           | 
           | That's what my broker and many others do. They buy a pool of
           | crypto and resell to investors. You don't get a wallet, you
           | can't transfer your crypto at all. It just sits there until
           | you sell it. The most distilled Hodl practice ever.
           | 
           | edit: typo
        
           | LikesPwsh wrote:
           | In the long term everything goes to zero, so an asset that
           | pays no dividends but has significant storage costs isn't
           | much good for investment.
           | 
           | Bitcoin holders as a group are constantly losing money by
           | definition. Some of them cash out at a profit, I suppose.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | > Bitcoin holders as a group are constantly losing money by
             | definition
             | 
             | Modulo market cap representing unrealized PnL, but yes
             | otherwise. Miners and exchanges take a good cut.
        
             | hx8 wrote:
             | I'm trying to figure out what the significant storage costs
             | for bitcoin are. It's a bit higher than a Robin Hood stock
             | because it costs fees when buying/selling, but it's
             | significantly lower than gold/silver which really require
             | some investment in physical security or a vaulting service.
        
             | ahazred8ta wrote:
             | It's the _miners_ who are hemorrhaging hard currency. It 's
             | currently costing $8-10 billion per year to keep the BTC
             | blockchain alive, but blockchain fees are paid when
             | transacting, not when HODLing, so it's not a storage cost.
        
         | sipsi wrote:
         | it's not made in rust
        
         | Quarrelsome wrote:
         | they laugh at the guy who spent 10 bitcoin to buy pizza back in
         | the early days, but you can't directly buy pizza today with
         | bitcoin.
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | 10000 bitcoin
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | 10 bitcoin? It was 10,000 bitcoin.
        
         | la_fayette wrote:
         | > What exactly does bitcoin offer the world today?
         | 
         | It is a highly reliable, global-scale P2P software system, we
         | can analyse, experiment with and learn from.
        
           | edhelas wrote:
           | .torrent be like: hold my beer
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | Global scale using 1% of world electricity that can do 7
           | transactions per second, because the thousands and thousands
           | of nodes don't trust each other and all do the same work.
        
         | Lerc wrote:
         | Perhaps another way to think of it, is what would it take to be
         | less disillusioned?
         | 
         | What was about it that made you think it might be a good thing?
         | Have those aspects gone now or is the problem that there are
         | new factors that put you off it?
         | 
         | Most importantly, what could be done to get you back onboard
         | with the idea? I'm not really a fan of "Bad thing is bad" and
         | like to think in terms of "This thing has a bad aspect, what
         | could be done to fix it"
         | 
         | To my mind, I was not expecting Bitcoin to increase in value
         | this quickly. Few people probably were. On the other hand if
         | the end point of Bitcoin was to replace money, then I can see
         | how it would have a high value at that endpoint. That
         | presupposes that it reaches that endpoint. The perceived value
         | (barring the mood based fluctuations of speculation) depends on
         | the proportion of people who believe in that outcome and when
         | they think it will occur.
         | 
         | When Bitcoin came out I thought that it was indeed like email
         | for money, and that it would take a similar amount of time for
         | it to be used by people in general. I figured it would be 20 or
         | 30 years before the average person had even heard about it.
         | Turns out I was quite wrong there.
         | 
         | I don't think Bitcoin is particularly impressive as an
         | investment today, the risk when it comes to retaining value is
         | some unknowable but probably quite high. The risk of holding
         | and retaining your balance adds another layer to that. For the
         | value of the mining reward to stay level with an external
         | currency there has to be around a 20% increase per year to keep
         | up with the halving. Exceeding that rate is what lead to the
         | increase in energy expenditure. While it has increased more
         | than that so far, the one rule of exponential growth is that it
         | cannot continue forever.
         | 
         | It might have a few doublings left in it, but it is slowing
         | down and with a risk level where you could probably find a
         | lower risk way to double your money in a similar timeframe.
         | Maybe it hits a million, but when? If it takes long enough
         | you're better off with an index fund.
         | 
         | Bitcoin sits around $100,000 today, that's way higher than its
         | current utility. I feel like the value should represent the
         | aggregate impression of where Bitcoin will be in the long term.
         | I mostly think this is true and bubbles represent the flow and
         | ebb of the faith that has no logical support. I used to think
         | that nobody could sustain the delusion of value when it is not
         | apparent for many years on end. House prices have led me to
         | think that maybe people can pretend that their thing is worth
         | more than it actually is for many years without faltering.
         | 
         | I guess the world is in a funny place now. For even an index
         | fund to be long term stable, some counties have to continue to
         | exist, and people are beginning to have doubts about even that.
        
         | sharperguy wrote:
         | Explaining bitcoin to someone who has no interest in it is like
         | trying to explain to your mother in law that she should remove
         | windows and switch to linux. From their perspective it just
         | seems unneccesarry and overcomplicated.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | Unnecessary and overcomplicated? Compared to what? Have you
           | ever taken out a mortgage? Ever tried to send funds overseas?
           | Ever wondered how entire cities are built by the people who
           | run the money?
           | 
           | Does your mother in law know what fractional reserve banking
           | is? A bank run? Can they explain what happened in the 2008
           | financial crisis? No? They why would they need to know how
           | Bitcoin works beyond just "trust me, it does"?
        
             | sharperguy wrote:
             | It's not the how but the why. If you know you need bitcoin
             | you know. If everything seems fine without it why would you
             | bother?
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | No mortgages or funding of productive enterprises in crypto
             | land anyway.
             | 
             | I have sent money overseas, fast, cheap, securely, with
             | fiat.
             | 
             | The externalities of the bad US retail banking system are
             | enormous. First we got PayPal with Thiel and Elon, then
             | crypto. :-/
        
         | _trampeltier wrote:
         | When Bitcoin started, a banc transaction was still like 3 days,
         | 5 if there was a weekend in between. Also global transaction.
         | Still a lot of countrys have different and strange systems.
        
         | ducksinhats wrote:
         | >What exactly does bitcoin offer the world today?
         | 
         | I can tell you down to the day how many bitcoin there will be
         | decades from now.
         | 
         | Can you do the same for any fiat currency for next week?
         | 
         | It offers stability and a mathematical escape from very
         | fallible humans controlling monetary systems.
        
           | user_7832 wrote:
           | But what's the (inherent, or even otherwise) benefit of this?
        
             | torbid wrote:
             | If the goal is to hoard a currency itself instead of use it
             | as the exchange between real investments then this makes
             | perfect sense, but those people shouldn't be upset when we
             | tell them we don't directly accept their "currency".
             | 
             | This sentiment models a correction to a complaint I first
             | heard with people who tell us everything fell apart since
             | we ended the gold standard. They ignore that we raised all
             | boats rapidly when we didn't pin everything to governments
             | ability to fight gold hoarders for small amounts of gold
             | entering the market. Even gold hoarders are better off in
             | terms of what the market has created to exchange for their
             | gold because that exchange ceased to be limiting on market
             | expansion.
             | 
             | One could say the US economy was exponential both before
             | and after the currency change, but as with Moore's Law, it
             | gets harder to remain exponential if as few as one limiting
             | factor is emerging.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | > It offers stability
           | 
           | Hahaha what? Bitcoin has insane volatility.
        
           | lolc wrote:
           | Funny thing is, we don't know how many keys are lost. They
           | say it's deflationary, and I say it's deflating to zero
           | through key attrition. And people pay for burning electricity
           | meanwhile. Weird game.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | We know it's not a large fraction, or anyway wasn't a large
             | fraction a year ago, because the fraction of all mined
             | Bitcoin that hasn't moved in the last year is only about
             | 25%.
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | Where did you get this number? All I can find is much
               | higher, showing more than half of the coins have not been
               | moved over a year.
               | 
               | https://en.macromicro.me/charts/32355/bitcoin-supply-
               | last-ac...
               | 
               | https://charts.bitbo.io/dormant-coins/
               | 
               | Edit: If I understand correctly around 15% of coins has
               | not moved in even ten years. So more than 20% of all the
               | mined coins up to mid 2015 have not moved since.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Maybe I remembered it wrong, or maybe I was just out of
               | date. Thanks for the correction! Still, that's basically
               | pointing at key attrition being a fairly minor
               | phenomenon.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | People complain about 5% inflation, and you call 20% or
               | so of money supply gone "fairly minor"?
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | Yes; we're talking about 20% or so over 16 years, which
               | is 1.25% per year, four times lower than the 5% per year
               | inflation you're saying people complain about. And the
               | anecdotal data suggests that that key attrition was
               | concentrated in the early years, not just before there
               | were Bitcoin ETFs, not just before there were exchanges,
               | but before even the Bitcoin pizza.
               | 
               | But the big issue from my point of view is not the actual
               | key attrition rate but the _uncertainty_ of the money
               | supply, because from my point of view, these are the
               | important questions about key attrition:
               | 
               | - If Bitcoin goes to zero, what order of magnitude of
               | money will the investor class lose? 200 trillion dollars,
               | 20 trillion, 2 trillion, 200 billion, 20 billion, or 2
               | billion?
               | 
               | - How much money and power has Bitcoin transferred to its
               | early adopters: 2 trillion, 200 billion, 20 billion, 2
               | billion, or 200 million?
               | 
               | - How much impact could awakening dormant coins have on
               | the market? If Satoshi, or for that matter Hal Finney's
               | heir or another early participant, started liquidating
               | his early coins, would that be a tenth of the usual daily
               | trading volume? Ten times? A hundred times?
               | 
               | Questions like these are why lolc brought up key
               | attrition in response to ducksinhats saying, "It offers
               | stability and a mathematical escape from very fallible
               | humans controlling monetary systems."
               | 
               | A key attrition rate of 99% or 90% to date would result
               | in very different answers to these questions. But 20% or
               | 50% to date is fairly minor in this context.
        
               | throw101010 wrote:
               | Even if it was known and it did tend to zero I don't see
               | the issue, Bitcoin is divisible, almost infinitely if you
               | count L2s system (e.g. Lightning Network operates on a
               | millistaoshi base unit instead of satoshi). Inaccessible
               | bitcoins mean that the accessible ones are more rare so
               | in a way it benefits other holders this way.
               | 
               | They also serve the network as a form of security bounty,
               | let's say tomorrow we discover a way to break encryption
               | "soon" pepople will be provided with a path to safer
               | addresses but these old addresses, the ones for which a
               | public key is known, act as an incentive to look for such
               | security flaws.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | Point is that it encourages hoarding money instead of
               | engaging in anything that's productive. Technical issues
               | are secondary.
        
               | throw101010 wrote:
               | Nobody prevents you from spending and replacing bitcoins,
               | besides maybe the governments that insist on taxing
               | smaller transactions as if it wasn't a currency.
               | 
               | You should ask them why they've generated about 58
               | million millionaires and 2,700 billionaires worldwide.
               | That's some actual "hoarding" you should be concerned
               | about, instead of concern trolling about Bitcoin.
        
               | wqaatwt wrote:
               | > Nobody prevents you from spending..bitcoins
               | 
               | Well besides common sense.
               | 
               | If you own a deflationary asset/currency which is
               | guaranteed to appreciate as long as the economy is
               | growing (well it wouldn't if btc became a global currency
               | but that's another matter) there is no reason for you to
               | invest into anything unless it offers a
               | disproportionately high return (or buy goods/services now
               | if you can delay buying them)
               | 
               | It would just reduce risk tolerance for investors and
               | increase the real cost of borrowing significantly. That's
               | how deflationary currencies work (we know that based on
               | several hundreds years worth of empirical evidence).
        
               | throw101010 wrote:
               | Did you miss the word "replace" that you have removed in
               | your quote?
               | 
               | None of what you said applies to what I have suggested.
        
               | satyrun wrote:
               | Not to mention you can't have a robust credit market
               | built on top of a deflationary currency.
               | 
               | Imagine you take out a 30 year mortgage in 2025 with 12
               | periodic payments of .01 BTC a year.
               | 
               | Imagine offering a 10 year bond that will make quarterly
               | payments of .01 BTC. What is the price of this bond? It
               | is just a meaningless question practically.
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | It sounds like you aren't familiar with the anti-
               | deflation argument. I've summarized it in
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44471609, which you
               | will probably want to read.
        
           | account-5 wrote:
           | I wouldn't describe bitcoin as stable.
        
           | i_cannot_hack wrote:
           | > I can tell you down to the day how many bitcoin there will
           | be decades from now.
           | 
           | As this story itself demonstrates, you clearly can't, and it
           | already has the potiential to affect markets: "18.04 million
           | bitcoin sits in dormant accounts. Sizable inactive accounts
           | that wake up after years of dormancy draw investor attention
           | because of the potential market impact if those coins are
           | sold."
           | 
           | It's impossible for you to know if the accounts are dormant
           | intentionally or because the owner has died or lost access -
           | and in the latter case the coins are effectively lost or
           | destroyed in every practical sense. So you can't even say how
           | many usable bitcoins exist at this very moment, and it is
           | even more impossible for you to tell exactly how many
           | accounts will be lost in the future.
        
           | retube wrote:
           | > I can tell you down to the day how many bitcoin there will
           | be decades from now
           | 
           | So what? if you say "scarcity", that by itself has no value.
           | plenty of things are scarce, but are not valuable, no one
           | wants it.
           | 
           | And anyway, bitcoin is not even scarce. there are thousands
           | of other coins now, anyone can create one, these will / are
           | diluting the $$$ going into btc
        
             | MangoToupe wrote:
             | Not to mention this will effectively be an overestimate
             | given loss of bitcoin to wallets whose owners lost the key.
        
           | tobias3 wrote:
           | That's not completely true. If there is consensus among
           | participants (especially exchanges) to change Bitcoin (fork)
           | they can do it.
           | 
           | Can't do that with Gold.
        
             | msgodel wrote:
             | That would be a different (forked) currency then.
        
               | tobias3 wrote:
               | Or it would be Bitcoin classic and have less/no value.
               | See ETC vs. ETH. All depends on how many (important)
               | market participants use which version.
        
           | OtherShrezzing wrote:
           | I don't think it really does offer that escape, now that
           | there's so much institutional investment in it. It's
           | essentially tied to the decisions of 5 or 6 monetary policy
           | committees, in the same way APPL is, because the risk free
           | rate from the Fed or ECB is still the most significant factor
           | in capital flows.
        
           | chupchap wrote:
           | > I can tell you down to the day how many bitcoin there will
           | be decades from now.
           | 
           | How does that help, when the value it translates to doesn't
           | stay the same? Also the conversion value will be impacted by
           | changes in fiat currency.
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | Discretion in money supply is a feature, not a bug.
           | 
           | But yeah, put 1% of your savings in each of the 20,000 coins
           | with strictly limited supply. Their value must surely rise,
           | right.
        
           | wqaatwt wrote:
           | > stability
           | 
           | That's the opposite of stability unless you have an entirely
           | static economy with no growth.
           | 
           | Adopting an extremely deflationary asset as a "currency" is
           | one way to get the no growth part I suppose. It certainly
           | wouldn't be stable.
           | 
           | We've (well some, anyway..) learnt that lesson with the gold
           | standard and permanent boom and bust cycles prior to the
           | 1930s. It was anything but stable in the short/medium term.
        
         | ur-whale wrote:
         | > What exactly does bitcoin offer the world today?
         | 
         | I fully agree that Bitcoin did not become what it was
         | originally built for (a currency system for the internet), and
         | as a matter of fact, for very valid reasons:                  -
         | custody is really hard, and damn near impossible for most
         | people, including people who like to think of themselves
         | techies and who all end up getting caught with their pants down
         | when exchanges get hacked because they forgot the number one
         | tenet of Bitcoin. Please repeat the mantra after me: Not Your
         | Keys, Not Your coins.             - the 10mn confirm thing is a
         | pain for small, casual transactions             - scalability
         | (it won't and was never designed do what eg VISA can do in
         | terms of TX/second)             - most people are downright
         | horrified when they realize the non-reversibility aspect
         | - most people don't understand what money actually is and hot
         | it works in the first place, so seeing the advantage of BTC is
         | damn near impossible             - etc...
         | 
         | HOWEVER: that absolutely does not mean that Bitcoin isn't
         | amazing and useful.
         | 
         | Bitcoin has simply become something else entirely, a kind of
         | financial instrument that had no equivalent up until now and
         | which has turned out to be profoundly useful to a very large
         | class of people (go ask USA - one of the country with the worse
         | divorce laws on the planet - men in the middle of divorce
         | proceeding for their opinion on the topic of assets that can't
         | be confiscated).
         | 
         | Oh and yes, I already hear the shouts from the back of the
         | room: skirting the law!drug dealers! criminals! cyber-ransoms!
         | Won't you think of the children!. One single word to counter
         | this argument: there is thing called the USD which is used for
         | the exact same thing as all the above "use cases" (and worse,
         | like toppling foreign governments) and has never been
         | considered evil for some reason.
         | 
         | I do understand and feel for folks who looked forward o Bitcoin
         | as a replacement for the dollar, lubricating internet commerce
         | and why they are disappointed. I was one of them and it took me
         | a long time to understand what Bitcoin actually was.
         | 
         | However, if you fall in the category of the disillusioned,
         | please consider: something else will come around to solve the
         | problem of internet currency. It won't be Bitcoin. It maybe
         | layer two stuff, who knows.
         | 
         | But on the other hand, Bitcoin has become something extremely
         | useful (and even without trying to analyze the why, the price
         | is an inescapably clear proof of that).
         | 
         | Its singular properties as a financial instrument make it
         | something that no other thing in tradfi can boast having:
         | - demonstrable finite supply, and therefore a rather
         | predictable outcome on a long term timeline.             -
         | first mover advantage (aka network effect). Other cryptos might
         | be better and get better all the time technically, might better
         | for the environment, but at this point, displacing BTC in terms
         | of mindset and allocated capital ... good luck             -
         | demonstrated long term hedge against inflation (it's been 15
         | years, and if you can afford to ignore volatility at the one
         | year scale, it's undeniable). On that topic, I can't NOT post
         | this link:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbZ8zDpX2Mg                  -
         | transactions are impossible to censor, be it by corps or
         | sovereign entities (for me personally, the number one
         | attractive trait, a basic unbreakable defensive guarantor of
         | individual freedom). This goes from simply giving you a ton of
         | actual leverage in e.g. a divorce, to being able to work your
         | way around tyrannical governments (see the Canadian truckers
         | who got all their bank accounts frozen for daring to disagree
         | with the thugs in charge).             - operates 24/7
         | trustlessly and outside any jurisdiction             - quasi-
         | instantaneous transmission of value across borders,
         | geographies, distances, etc ...             - pseudonymity and
         | privacy. While not perfect in this regard, you neighbor could
         | be a freaking multi-billionaire and you wouldn't have the first
         | clue.             - you can physically disappear and travel
         | with *ALL* of your wealth at an instant notice.             -
         | it cannot be confiscated short of physically torturing the
         | relevant information out of you. And even then, you can protect
         | yourself by not knowing the full secret to accessing your BTC.
         | And this assume people know you have them.             - etc
         | ... the list is long
         | 
         | TL;DR: Bitcoin won't replace Paypal, and that's actually a good
         | thing. It has become an entirely different beast, probably as,
         | if not more, useful than what it was designed for originally,
         | specifically when it comes to being a tool that protects
         | individual freedom against the excesses of the group.
        
           | TheCapeGreek wrote:
           | All of the "you can anonymously and safely hold tons of
           | wealth that can't be taken from you" points you make fall
           | apart when the following two are true:
           | 
           | - For the majority of financial transactions you might want
           | to make, fiat is still what you need, because realistically
           | very little IRL uses any L2 solution. Thus, you need a fiat
           | off-ramp... Like an exchange. - Exchanges mandate you
           | identify yourself to them - KYC/AML and all. Governments
           | might not be able to know which wallet is yours, but they
           | sure as hell can and have secure those off-ramps this way.
           | 
           | I've seen plenty of pro-BTC arguments on a technical level
           | about privacy, resilience, independence from central banks,
           | etc. but fundamentally I've never seen anyone able to come up
           | with something that can out "your opponent is the government
           | and no technical project can overcome a legal obstacle".
        
         | gexla wrote:
         | This! I was around looking for alternative "currencies" before
         | Bitcoin even existed. But they were flawed,because they (such
         | as Libertycoin) were shady centralized systems. Each of them
         | were shut down by the US government. Bitcoin would have been
         | the answer, but I lost interest before it became a thing (or it
         | was already a thing and I somehow never come across it, because
         | I never saw it as an accepted option.) This would have appealed
         | to my geek nature. But I think I would have still lost interest
         | in it after finding that Bitcoin also wasn't the answer due to
         | difficulty in spending it. I likely would have cashed out at
         | like $5 per coin to buy a bunch of pizzas.
        
         | Spacecosmonaut wrote:
         | Bitcoin is the only immutable peer to peer system ever created
         | (barring advances in quantum computing, and even then the
         | protocol can be updated). In a world headed toward web 3.0,
         | generative AI content & virtual reality, I think there is
         | tremendous value in a trustless and immutable peer to peer
         | system. In fact, I think we NEED it, and should as a society
         | happily bear the power consumption that underpins the security
         | of the network.
         | 
         | Controversial, I know. However, already we cannot trust that a
         | digital picture is genuine. There is currently no solution to
         | this problem. In the near future, I imagine that the raw data
         | of your camera will be associated with a token on a blockchain
         | (not bitcoin, but a dedicated high-capacity blockchain). Such a
         | system would allow us to determine that a picture was indeed
         | taken with a physical device, and thus that the events depicted
         | have a bearing in the real world.
         | 
         | My bet is that we are headed toward a future where blockchain
         | is ubiquitous. Where everything of value is underpinned by a
         | specialized blockchain. When you order groceries, the origin of
         | the produce and raw ingredients are all embedded in blockchain.
         | In virtual reality, every digital product has a specialized
         | blockchain. Every kind of transaction; compute, assets, AI,
         | will all be underpinned by trustless peer to peer systems.
         | 
         | All these specialized blockchains trade security for
         | throughput. My bet is that Bitcoin will act as a security
         | guarantor in our future digital society, where the state of
         | every blockchain is periodically validated on the Bitcoin
         | network. Thus, I bet that every transaction in the future will
         | have an associated Bitcoin cost. Thats why I own a small amount
         | of Bitcoin.
        
           | PartiallyTyped wrote:
           | Bitcoin is not trustless. It has as much value as the
           | collective trust in it. Once that trust disappears, the value
           | tanks.
           | 
           | Reality is that you can't bootstrap trust.
        
             | FabHK wrote:
             | Not to mention the fact that you can hold Bitcoin
             | trustlessly, and you can transfer it to someone else
             | trustlessly, but then you have to _trust_ that they send to
             | you in return what they promised.
             | 
             | See Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar: _Irrationality, Extortion,
             | or Trusted Third-Parties: Why It Is Impossible to Buy and
             | Sell Physical Goods Securely on the Blockchain._
             | arXiv:2110.09857, arXiv, 19 Oct. 2021. arXiv.org,
             | http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.09857.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | Thanks a lot for the link!
        
           | MattRix wrote:
           | It's not clear to me that most of those use cases will be
           | served better by a blockchain rather than a regular
           | centralized service... but also examples like the camera
           | don't really work, because someone could still use the camera
           | to photograph a generated image (for example), or hack the
           | camera itself.
           | 
           | On top of that, up until this point in time, Bitcoin has been
           | the opposite of secure. The entire history of it is filled
           | with people constantly losing money and being scammed with no
           | real recourse.
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | > Bitcoin is the only immutable peer to peer system ever
           | created
           | 
           | What about the other thousands of other public blockchains,
           | many of which are extremely similar (DOGE, BCH, LTC, ...)?
           | 
           | > In a world headed toward web 3.0, generative AI content &
           | virtual reality
           | 
           | ... Metaverse anytime now.
           | 
           | > there is tremendous value in a trustless and immutable peer
           | to peer system.
           | 
           | Personally, I think there is much more value in trusted
           | systems.
           | 
           | > In fact, I think we NEED it
           | 
           | ... because the world didn't work at all prior to 2009?
           | 
           | > and should as a society happily bear the power consumption
           | 
           | In contrast, I think if we were to eliminate Bitcoin and
           | other crypto, we'd save 1% of electricity with very few
           | negative side effects, but a significant reduction in crime,
           | frauds, and scams.
           | 
           | > already we cannot trust that a digital picture is genuine.
           | 
           | Solutions to this problem might well involve digital
           | signatures and hardware enclaves in cameras (installed by
           | trusted centralized camera producers which could publish the
           | public keys of each sold camera once), but I don't see how
           | public blockchains would add any value. The signature of the
           | picture embedded in the picture speaks for itself.
           | 
           | > My bet is that we are headed toward a future where
           | blockchain is ubiquitous.
           | 
           | Gott forbid.
           | 
           | > When you order groceries, the origin of the produce and raw
           | ingredients are all embedded in blockchain.
           | 
           | Apart from the fact that I don't see the benefit of that, the
           | oracle problem makes this impossible, I fear.
        
             | Spacecosmonaut wrote:
             | Let me clarify that I dont think any of what I described is
             | a given. I think its one of the more likely outcomes of our
             | future. I think its prudent to own a small amount of
             | Bitcoin (or basket of cryptocurrencies) in order to hedge
             | against that future or someting close to it.
             | 
             | > What about the other thousands of other public
             | blockchains, many of which are extremely similar (DOGE,
             | BCH, LTC, ...)?
             | 
             | They are simply not as secure and could be attacked by well
             | funded actors. Perhaps in time another blockchain will win
             | out.
             | 
             | >... Metaverse anytime now.
             | 
             | Just curious. Do we disagree about where this
             | (technological progress) is headed, or is it the timeline?
             | I think its quite likely that we will spend more and more
             | time in vitual or augmented reality. For good or ill.
             | 
             | > Personally, I think there is much more value in trusted
             | systems.
             | 
             | I prefer the absence of a central authority. Perhaps im
             | cynical.
             | 
             | > ... because the world didn't work at all prior to 2009?
             | 
             | We dont need crypto right now either. I simply think that
             | the only good outcome of our digital future is a trustless
             | one, and I think blockchain will play a central role there.
             | 
             | > Solutions to this problem might well involve digital
             | signatures and hardware enclaves in cameras (installed by
             | trusted centralized camera producers which could publish
             | the public keys of each sold camera once), but I don't see
             | how public blockchains would add any value. The signature
             | of the picture embedded in the picture speaks for itself.
             | 
             | The value of blockchain is in the absence of a trusted
             | centralized camera producer that can be pressured.
             | 
             | > Apart from the fact that I don't see the benefit of that,
             | the oracle problem makes this impossible, I fear.
             | 
             | The oracle problem is solved in the same way the camera
             | problem is solved. By digital signatures of real world
             | interactions of the machines in the production chain.
             | 
             | I think the world will lean into trustless systems over
             | trusted systems, lets see. That is not to say that I dont
             | think the world would continue to function on trusted
             | systems, I just think it makes dystopian outcomes more
             | likely.
        
         | p3rls wrote:
         | Facilitates scams and has set consumer web tech back a few
         | years, but other than that not much.
        
         | sarbanharble wrote:
         | The only answer that makes sense to me is this: BitCoin is a
         | scam started by the oil industry as a way to tie currency to
         | exponentially hungry power consumption.
        
         | mancerayder wrote:
         | Potential?
         | 
         | I am trying to buy a property, and I've been moving money
         | around to prepare for a down payment. It's July 4th weekend. I
         | initiated some moves in the afternoon of July 3. But an ACH
         | transaction in the U.S. takes "1-3 business days." First of
         | all, why "1-3" and not "1" or "3" or "2"? Secondly, why
         | business days? I get paged at night and on the weekend if
         | something breaks at work, but the banking laws or customs say
         | that computers only move my money 9-5 during holidays?
         | Computers are taking non-human-holidays?
         | 
         | I don't get it. If bitcoin won't disrupt this, something else
         | should.
         | 
         | I have been trading it weekly/monthly really simply, and it's a
         | few K a month of profit. So I think it's useless at the moment
         | other than as a scheme to gamble. I think there's a bit of a
         | trust issue.
        
           | yladiz wrote:
           | This is a US issue. In the EU you can do an instant bank
           | transfer below a certain amount at any time, for free (after
           | they mandated the fees away recently), and many other
           | countries have systems that allow instant bank transfers. You
           | don't need a completely different way of dealing with money
           | to get improvements to the current system.
        
             | mancerayder wrote:
             | Fair point. I don't know how many years we were behind the
             | rest of the civilized world in terms of having chips on our
             | credit/debit cards. And we still have the magnetic strip.
             | 
             | Well, we also use "feet" and "cups" instead of base 10
             | measurement system.
        
       | r33b33 wrote:
       | Ah yes, the dreaded Chinese Quantum Stealth attack.
        
       | dandanua wrote:
       | Hm, I can't recall when The Sleeping Beauty was making billions
       | of dark money. This is some perverted fairy tale. The sleeping
       | beauty is our current world, that allow all the scams,
       | launderings, murderings to happen.
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | I find it amazing how much these type of tech articles exert
       | themselves to systematically avoid posting any materially useful
       | information.
       | 
       | Do you see a BTC address in there? A link to blockchair? Did I
       | somehow miss it?
       | 
       | In fact, I've noticed that this is a systematic trend, not just
       | with cryptos.
       | 
       | Most tech. journalists systematically talk about stuff without
       | ever posting relevant links to the actual event.
        
       | sizzle wrote:
       | I remember getting a slick new GPU card and learned about Bitcoin
       | mining with my idle gpu power to collect these Bitcoin worth
       | cents, like collecting soda cans for recycling type of $ and
       | thought it wad a terrible waste of my idle processing power
       | compared to harnessing my idle gpu for the noble cause folding
       | proteins at foldingathome.org
       | 
       | I downloaded the bitcoin mining client and everything to see how
       | it worked and had some faucets slipping me Bitcoin for free...
        
       | yahoozoo wrote:
       | tfw when you spent many Bitcoin on Silk Road back when it was
       | only $8 a coin
        
       | ksynwa wrote:
       | Someone who is involved in crptocurrency explain this to me. If I
       | was this person, could I just sell these bitcoins today and get
       | something like $2B in cash? Or is it more complicated than that?
        
         | janandonly wrote:
         | Yes. Although selling all at once on a small exchange will not
         | give you the best price.
         | 
         | Better to sell lump sum. Or call them to make an over-the-
         | counter deal. A lot of ETF companies like Blackrock get their
         | coins that way.
        
         | bookerjt wrote:
         | Think about it: for you to collect your $2b someone has to be
         | willing to give it to you and believe they will get it back in
         | the future by buying your bitcoin. Who would do that?
         | 
         | Then you just magically deposit $2b into your bank account?
         | Riiiight. That'll set off epic levels of warning lights and in
         | the US the feds would be up your ass instantly.
         | 
         | I bet it's a freaking nightmare to sell off that much btc.
        
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